cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone and vasoactive intestinal peptide inhibit tumor proliferation by different mechanisms: Evidence from in vitro studies on human prostatic and pancreatic cancers

Antagonists of GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) inhibit the proliferation of various tumors in vitro and in vivo, but a comparison of their antitumor effects and mechanisms of action has not been reported to date. We recently synthesized and characterized a series of analogs, some of which are primarily GHRH antagonists (JV-1-36, JV-1-38, and JV-1-42), whereas others are more selective for VIP receptors (VPAC-R; JV-1-50, JV-1-51, JV-1-52, and JV-1-53). LNCaP human prostatic cancer cells express VPAC-R, with predominant subtype 1 determined by RT-PCR. Our studies show that GHRH antagonists significantly inhibit the proliferation of both VPAC-R positive LNCaP cells (P < 0.001) and VPAC-R negative MiaPaCa-2 human pancreatic cancer cells cultured in vitro (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). Growth inhibition of LNCaP cells is accompanied by a proportional reduction in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) secretion (P < 0.001). In a superfusion system, the inhibitory activities of the analogs on the rate of VIP and GHRH-induced PSA secretion correlate well with their VPAC-R binding affinities to LNCaP cell membranes. Antagonists more selective for VPAC-R display a stronger inhibition of inducible PSA release than GHRH antagonists, but have smaller effects or no effects on proliferation and PSA secretion in culture. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the antiproliferative activity of the analogs on cancer cells is not correlated to their VPAC-R antagonistic potencies. Because GHRH antagonists inhibit the proliferation of LNCaP cells more powerfully than VPAC-R antagonists and also suppress the growth ofVPAC-R-negative MiaPaCa-2 cells, it can be concluded that their antiproliferative effect is exerted through a mechanism independent of VPAC-R.
A feasibility study for a linac-based transuranic waste characterization system

Remote-handled transuranic nuclear waste poses a particular challenge for assaying due to the high neutron and γ-ray background that emanate from the non-fissile, but highly radioactive material, contained within the waste. The utilization of a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) linac with a neutron flux of the order of 1010 n/s/4π has shown that, in principle, the differential die-away technique can be used to reliably assay this special class of nuclear waste.
Rate of shattercane × sorghum hybridization in situ.

Cultivated sorghum [ (L.) Moench subsp. ] can interbreed with a feral weedy relative shattercane [ nothosubsp. (Steud.) de Wet ex Davidse]. Traits introduced from cultivated sorghum could contribute to the invasiveness of a shattercane population. An experiment was conducted to determine the potential for pollen-mediated gene flow from grain sorghum to shattercane. Shattercane with juicy midrib () was planted in soybean [ (L.) Merr.] fields during 2 yr in concentric arcs at varying distances from a 0.39 ha sorghum pollen source with dry midrib (). The arcs were placed so that prevailing winds would carry sorghum pollen to the shattercane. Seven hundred twenty seeds from each of over 300 shattercane panicles in anthesis during sorghum pollen shed each year were collected. Progeny were evaluated by phenotype to determine rate of hybridization. Hybridization averaged 3.6% within the source in 2008 and 16.0% in 2009 and declined as distance increased. Hybridization as high as 2.6% for an individual panicle was measured at the farthest distance evaluated (200 m). Wind direction and speed were also measured and their product affected hybridization rate for all pollination periods. Results indicate that genes from cultivated sorghum will likely be introduced into shattercane populations at distances of at least 200 m and that rate of hybridization is dependent on weather factors such as wind. Source size is also important in determining hybridization rate but was not studied here.
Research And Development Investment

The United States has long enjoyed a leadership role in research and development investment and they invest more in both basic and applied scientific research than any other country. The U.S. preeminence in R&D investment, however, is at a critical point. U.S. R&D investment has been declining as a percentage of the nation’s GDP since 2009, and in 2013, U.S. R&D investment is expected to decline in real dollars as well. Declining investment in R&D is the result of budgetary constraints and the lack of political consensus as to the economic value of the government’s continued commitment to R&D programs. This decline in U.S. investment comes at a time when global R&D investment is increasing significantly. Economic rivals, led by China in particular, have made investment in R&D a core component of their plans for economic growth and have committed themselves to increasing and substantial R&D investment. U.S. policymakers need to take action now to reverse what could become a policy trend of decreased government investment in R&D, which has both a short-term and long-term impact. R&D spending is an “economic and employment driver” and ultimately employs 8.27 million U.S. workers, generating $1.238 trillion dollars to the U.S. economy. In addition, government investment funds the majority of basic scientific research which, in the past, has led to such innovations as digital recording technology, communication satellites, global positioning systems (GPS), and the Internet. It is unclear if the private sector alone can make up the difference in government R&D investment. If the U.S. fails to protect its leadership position in R&D investment, it consequently risks its leadership in science, technology, productivity, and innovation which is the basis of the nation’s employment and economic activity.
The Salary Premium Required for Replacing Management Faculty: Evidence From a National Survey

One of the most important aspects of growing and improving business education is replacing departed faculty members. As the baby-boom generation approaches retirement, the supply of available replacement faculty members is diminishing. The result is a competitive market for replacement faculty that features increasing starting salary levels. In particular, faculty lines that have been occupied for extended time periods need to be marked to market salary levels because annual salary increases rarely keep pace with inflation in the labor market. The authors report the results of a national survey to determine the amount of salary premium required to bring vacated management faculty lines back up to competitive market levels. As business schools struggle to replace retiring and departing faculty, budgets have to account for these premium increases to succeed in an increasingly competitive market for faculty labor.
Codes of conduct for transnational corporations: the case of the WHO/UNICEF code

The WHO/UNICEF International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes was passed by the 1981 World Health Assembly. Subsequent arrangements between the Nestle Corporation and its nongovernmental critics for the implementation of the code indicate what is possible within the normative framework of an emerging regime on investment and transnational corporations. In the baby food case the context was particularly positive. A high level of consensual knowledge, the successful strategies of nongovernmental organizations, the susceptibility of the involved industries to pressure, the brevity of deliberations, and the conducive atmosphere of the international organization setting all helped negotiators to develop a detailed code of marketing. Actions inside and outside the UN system combined to delegitimize commonly accepted practices, modify global marketing schemes, and alter national health care practices. In other issue-areas, however, such as Pharmaceuticals, the same positive convergence of factors does not yet exist, and the achievement of equally precise codes will be more difficult.
Executing Hardware as Parallel Software for Picoblaze Networks

Multi-processor architectures have gained interest recently because of their ability to exploit programmable silicon parallelism at acceptable power-efficiency figures. Despite the potential benefit they offer over single-processor architectures, it is unresolved how one can write compact and efficient programs for multiple parallel cores. In this paper, we propose the use of a synchronous hardware description language to program a network of small PicoBlaze processors. The partitioning of a multiprocessor program over multiple cores is straightforward because the input specification is fully parallel. A systematic transformation process converts the parallel input specification into concurrent PicoBlaze programs. We demonstrate the mapping of a cryptographic design (AES) onto four PicoBlaze processors, showing almost linear speedup over an equivalent single-core design.
Prospective spatio-temporal data analysis for security informatics

Spatio-temporal data analysis plays a central role in many security-related applications including those relevant to transportation infrastructure and border security. In this paper, we investigate prospective spatio-temporal analysis methods that aim to identify "unusual" clusters of events, or hotspots, in both spatial and temporal dimensions. We propose a support vector machine-based approach and compare it with a well-known prospective method based on space-time scan statistic using three problem scenarios. The first two scenarios are based on simulated data with known hotspots. The third scenario uses a real-world crime analysis data set involving vehicles.
Query language modeling for voice search

The paper presents an empirical exploration of google.com query stream language modeling. We describe the normalization of the typed query stream resulting in out-of-vocabulary (OoV) rates below 1% for a one million word vocabulary. We present a comprehensive set of experiments that guided the design decisions for a voice search service. In the process we re-discovered a less known interaction between Kneser-Ney smoothing and entropy pruning, and found empirical evidence that hints at non-stationarity of the query stream, as well as strong dependence on various English locales—USA, Britain and Australia.
Utility of the new rheumatoid arthritis 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria in routine clinical care.

Objectives The new 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been designed to classify early onset RA, but has not been studied to identify RA in patients with arthritis seen in routine clinical care where correct ‘classification’ of patients, when they are not selected for having RA would be important. Design Prospective, consecutive patients cohort. Setting Outpatient clinic of a university rheumatology centre. Participants A total of 126 patients with joint symptoms were consecutively recruited. Interventions The ACR/EULAR RA criteria were applied, with questions followed by a targeted musculoskeletal exam. The gold standard for the diagnosis of RA was the primary rheumatologist9s diagnosis. Primary outcome measure Number of patients with non-RA diagnosis who were classified as having RA by the new classification criteria. Results The sensitivity and specificity of the 2010 criteria in classifying RA were 97% and 55%, respectively, compared with the 1987 RA criteria which were 93% and 76%, respectively. The 2010 criteria as applied to this group of patients had a poorer positive predictive (44% vs 61%) and a similar negative predictive value (98% vs 97%) compared with the 1987 criteria. More specifically, 66.7% of systemic lupus erythematosus patients, 50% of osteoarthritis, 37.5% of psoriatic arthritis and 27.2% of others fulfilled the new criteria and could have been classified as RA. Conclusions In this, we believe, the first study to examine the new 2010 ACR/EULAR RA criteria among consecutive patients seen in routine care, we found the criteria to have low specificity, and therefore incorrectly label those as having RA when, in fact, they may have a different type of inflammatory arthritis. Physicians need to be aware of this when applying the new criteria for classifying their patients for any purpose.
Factors influencing the penetration of human spermatozoa into cervical mucus in vitro

Experiments were conducted to determine some of the biological variables that may affect sperm penetration of human cervical mucus in vitro. Quantitative tests of cervical mucus penetration were carried out to determine the percentage of successful collisons (PSC) between seminal spermatozoa and the semen-mucus interface. Fifteen duplicate comparisons and 15 triplicate comparisons of PSC values were made, each using individual samples of semen and mucus. In most cases the difference between any two comparisons was less than 10%, and there was no correlation between the magnitude of the difference between tests and the absolute value of the PSC. The triplicate comparison showed no correlation between the PSC values and the location of the mucus in the collection catheter (proximal, middle, distal). In 15 experiments the semen was serially diluted with an aliquot of its own plasma to determine the effect of sperm concentration on the PSC. No effects were observed until the sperm concentration fell below 10 × 106 sperm/ml, when the PSC appeared to increase. These results indicate that the tests should be applicable to all but the most severely oligospermic semen samples.
Zinc-DDT interrelationships in growth and reproduction in the rat.

Female rats were fed diets containing low levels of DDT, para- thion and carbaryl for 4 months while subjected to the added stresses of preg nancy and moderately low (8 to 10 ppm) or very high (7,000 ppm) levels of dietary zinc. No measurable effects of pesticides or of the low intake of zinc were noted on growth, reproduction, or enzyme activities. The high zinc diet re sulted in slower growth, death of some fetuses and an increase in zinc and DDT in maternal livers. Hemoglobin levels in both maternal and fetal bloods were unaffected by either pesticides or high zinc alone, but were reduced when pesti cides were fed with the high zinc diet. DDT and metabolites were found in the livers of full-term fetuses, demonstrating the transfer of these chlorinated hydro carbon compounds across the placenta. J. Nutr. 102: 523-528, 1972.
Replication-defective mutants of herpes simplex virus (HSV) induce cellular immunity and protect against lethal HSV infection.

Abstract Live viruses and live virus vaccines induce cellular immunity more readily than do inactivated viruses or purified proteins, but the mechanism by which this process occurs is unknown. A trivial explanation would relate to the ability of live viruses to spread and infect more cells than can inactivated virus. We have used live but replication-defective mutants to investigate this question. Our studies indicate that the immune responses of mice to live virus differ greatly from the responses to inactivated virus even when the virus does not complete a replicative cycle. Further, these studies indicate that herpes simplex virus-specific T-cell responses can be generated by infection with replication-defective mutant viruses. These data indicate that the magnitude of the cellular immunity to herpes simplex virus may be proportional to the number or quantity of different viral gene products expressed by an immunizing virus.
Prognostic validation of a 17-segment score derived from a 20-segment score for myocardial perfusion SPECT interpretation.

Background Recently, a 17-segment model of the left ventricle has been recommended as an optimally weighted approach for interpreting myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods to convert databases from previous 20-to new 17-segment data and criteria for abnormality for the 17-segment scores are needed.
A Self Reorganizing MAC Protocol for Inter-vehicle Data Transfer Applications in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

This paper presents a novel medium access control protocol for inter-vehicle data transfer applications using the emerging dedicated short range communication (DSRC) standards. The main contributions of the paper are the design of a self-configuring TDMA protocol and its evaluation for inter-vehicle data transfer applications. A novel feature of the proposed VeSOMAC is its in-band control mechanism for exchanging TDMA slot information during distributed MAC scheduling. It is shown that the in-band control mechanism can be used for fast protocol convergence during topology changes due to vehicle movements. Also, simulated performance comparison between VeSOMAC and the DSRC-recommended 802.11 MAC protocol demonstrates that the proposed protocol can accomplish better inter-vehicle file transfer performance through enhanced TCP throughput and fewer MAC layer packet drops compared to 802.11.
The percutaneous approach to the obstructed ureteropelvic junction: Endopyelotomy

SummaryThe 6 years that have passed since the introduction of endopyelotomy have demonstrated that in most properly chosen patients, the results are lasting and that most of the few failures are apparent soon after the procedure. Moreover, when the percutaneous procedure does fail, open repair is no more difficultthan in patients who have not had previous surgery. As endourological skills and equipment continue to advance, we can expect refinements of the present technique as well as new approaches.
Pro/antioxidant status in murine skin following topical exposure to cumene hydroperoxide throughout the ontogeny of skin cancer.

Organic peroxides used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries have a reputation for being potent skin tumor promoters and inducers of epidermal hyperplasia. Their ability to trigger free radical generation is critical for their carcinogenic properties. Short-termin vivo exposure of mouse skin to cumene hydroperoxide (Cum-OOH) causes severe oxidative stress and formation of spin-trapped radical adducts. The present study was designed to determine the effectiveness of Cum-OOH compared to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in the induction of tumor promotion in the mouse skin, to identify the involvement of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in oxidative metabolism of Cum-OOH in keratinocytes, and to evaluate morphological changes and outcomes of oxidative stress in skin of SENCAR mice throughout a two-stage carcinogenesis protocol. Dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-initiated mice were treated with Cum-OOH (32.8 μmol) or TPA (8.5 nmol) twice weekly for 20 weeks to promote papilloma formation. Skin carcinoma formed only in DMBA/Cum-OOH-exposed mice. Higher levels of oxidative stress and inflammation (as indicated by the accumulation of peroxidative products, antioxidant depletion, and edema formation) were evident in the DMBA/Cum-OOH group compared to DMBA/TPA treated mice. Exposure of keratinocytes (HaCaT) to Cum-OOH for 18 h resulted in expression of COX-2 and increased levels of PGE2. Inhibitors of COX-2 efficiently suppressed oxidative stress and enzyme expression in the cells treated with Cum-OOH. These results suggest that COX-2-dependent oxidative metabolism is at least partially involved in Cum-OOH-induced inflammatory responses and thus tumor promotion.
Evaluating modularity in morphometric data: challenges with the RV coefficient and a new test measure

Summary Modularity describes the case where patterns of trait covariation are unevenly dispersed across traits. Specifically, trait correlations are high and concentrated within subsets of variables (modules), but the correlations between traits across modules are relatively weaker. For morphometric data sets, hypotheses of modularity are commonly evaluated using the RV coefficient, an association statistic used in a wide variety of fields. In this article, I explore the properties of the RV coefficient using simulated data sets. Using data drawn from a normal distribution where the data were neither modular nor integrated in structure, I show that the RV coefficient is adversely affected by attributes of the data (sample size and the number of variables) that do not characterize the covariance structure between sets of variables. Thus, with the RV coefficient, patterns of modularity or integration in data are confounded with trends generated by sample size and the number of variables, which limits biological interpretations and renders comparisons of RV coefficients across data sets uninformative. As an alternative, I propose the covariance ratio (CR) for quantifying modular structure and show that it is unaffected by sample size or the number of variables. Further, statistical tests based on the CR exhibit appropriate type I error rates and display higher statistical power relative to the RV coefficient when evaluating modular data. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the RV coefficient does not display statistical characteristics suitable for reliable assessment of hypotheses of modular or integrated structure and therefore should not be used to evaluate these patterns in morphological data sets. By contrast, the covariance ratio meets these criteria and provides a useful alternative method for assessing the degree of modular structure in morphological data.
Serum LDH predicts response rate, response duration, and survival of patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) treated with 131I-tositumomab (131I-Tab) or 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan (90Y-Iab) radioimmunotherapy (RIT)

17520 Background: Although both 131I-Tab and 90Y-Iab are approved for treatment of pts with relapsed or refractory low-grade, follicular, or transformed NHL, a prospective randomized comparison of ...
Social Group Work in the Adult Outpatient Clinic

wellsprings of therapeutic power in the hu man group. In fact, group treatment meth ods have been so widely adopted that today in many psychiatric settings there is no other alternative available to most persons who come for help: It is either into the group or out the clinic door. Group treat ment is not a new concept in social work; since the 1930's, social group work has been considered one of the profession's primary treatment methods. Yet, paradoxically, the social worker in a psychiatric clinic is more likely to be using a group psychotherapy model of treatment than a social group work model. As Frey and Kolodny have observed:
On parameter estimation of a simple real-time flow aggregation model: Research Articles

There exists a clear need for a comprehensive framework for accurately analysing and realistically modelling the key traffic statistics that determine network performance. Recently, a novel traffic model, sinusoid with uniform noise (SUN), has been proposed, which outperforms other models in that it can simultaneously achieve tractability, parsimony, accuracy (in predicting network performance), and efficiency (in real-time capability). In this paper, we design, evaluate and compare several estimation approaches, including variance-based estimation (Var), minimum mean-square-error-based estimation (MMSE), MMSE with the constraint of variance (Var+MMSE), MMSE of autocorrelation function with the constraint of variance (Var+AutoCor+MMSE), and variance of secondary demand-based estimation (Secondary Variance), to determining the key parameters in the SUN model. Integrated with the SUN model, all the proposed methods are able to capture the basic behaviour of the aggregation reservation system and closely approximate the system performance. In addition, we find that: (1) the Var is very simple to operate and provides both upper and lower performance bounds. It can be integrated into other methods to provide very accurate approximation to the aggregation's performance and thus obtain an accurate solution; (2) Var+AutoCor+MMSE is superior to other proposed methods in the accuracy to determine system performance; and (3) Var+MMSE and Var+AutoCor+MMSE differ from the other three methods in that both adopt an experimental analysis method, which helps to improve the prediction accuracy while reducing computation complexity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unleashing the Power of the Global Web

Today's economy is characterized by increased connectivity of global markets, resource mobility, shifts in global production, unfettered global competition and turbo charging of emerging economies like China, India and Brazil. To thrive in this volatile and dynamic global economy people need high-end knowledge skills which can prepare them to respond to these changes in a global economy. One way to envision and then acquire skills for the future marketplace is to understand the emerging global megatrends.
Adaptive Model Control Applied to Real-Time Blood-Pressure Regulation

A real-time computer-control system for regulating the blood pressure of an animal in a prolonged state of shock has been successfully developed and is being theoretically analyzed. The computer controls the rate of infusion of a vaso-constrictor drug inputed to the animal, and monitors the blood-pressure output. An adaptive model of the animal’s drug response is used to derive the required input for control of future blood-pressure values. A transversal-filter model is used, and control is derived by forward-time calculation including the known internal states of the model.
Clinical Studies of Long-Term Estrogen Therapy in Men with Myocardial Infarction

Conclusions and summary1. In a clinical trial men with coronary artery disease who had recovered from a frank myocardial infarction were randomly treated with Lynoral (ethinyl estradiol), Anvene, Premarin, or a placebo. The 3 estrogen preparations were used in small well-tolerated doses of comparable potency as indicated by mild breast tenderness. 2. No untoward effects of the treatment were observed in up to 60 months of continuous treatment. Changes in libido were rarely noted. 3. Premarin therapy significantly improved survival, particularly in the first 2 years of treatment. Lynoral (ethinyl estradiol) and Anvene had no effect on survival as compared with placebo treatment. 4. Subclasses of patients most likely to benefit from Premarin therapy were those with relatively poor initial prognosis: men under age 55, who had had a first myocardial infarction, and with complications of arteriosclerotic heart disease present. 5. Lynoral (ethinyl estradiol) and Anvene significantly lowered the cholesterol-phos...
Binding sites of bromoacetylcholine in the rat diaphragm.

SummaryTo explore the possibility of using bromoacetylcholine as a tagging agent for the isolation of cholinergic receptors, the binding sites of this compound in the rat diaphragm were studied in the presence and absence of bromoacetate. The solubilized membrane fraction of rat diaphragm was found to contain 18 nmole of 14C-BrACh-binding sites per gram of tissue. The presence of bromoacetate did not change the binding of 14C-BrACh. The estimated binding sites of 14C-BrACh were 1000-fold higher than those of α-bungarotoxin binding sites.
The Importance of Sheep Bot Fly Larvae and Their Control with Systemic Insecticides in Arizona

Several systemic organophosphates evaluated on groups of 5 lambs significantly reduced Oestrus ovis L. larval burdens. In a feedlot and pasture experiment involving 400 naturally infested lambs, Ruelene® (4- tert -butyl-2-chlorophenyl metllyl methylphosphoramidate) drench gave significant bot control. Because growth rates and carcass evaluation of treated animals were not significantly different from those of untreated animals, the treatments probably would not be economically justified for sheep bot fly control alone within the range of infestations encountered.
Zone deformation mechanism of rock mass around deep underground tunnel

In order to explain zonal phenomenon of loose area and compressed area appearing alternately that we have observed in deep underground mine,zone deformation mechanism of deep rock mass around underground tunnel was discussed.Stress-strain characteristic of deep rock was studied mechanics principle of stress zone cracking was analyzed with intensity theory about rock slippage destruction,and several conclusions were reached.The external effect on around rock break is comparatively minor.Deep rock mass stress-strain state decides its deformation and destruction.Zone cracking near deep tunnel is caused by stress transfers under high terra stress;Transferring and divertting of stress field is influenced by the grubing form and mechanics character of deep rock mass.Deformation and destroyed area of different character are produced by enlarging and focussing of terra stress.
Endoscopic treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum with the stag beetle knife (sb knife) – feasibility and follow-up

AbstractBackground and aims: Flexible endoscopic treatment of symptomatic Zenker’s diverticulum (ZD) is an established treatment option. This study reports the first large cohort of ZD patients treated with the stag beetle knife (sb knife, a new scissor-like device) regarding feasibility, safety, and sustainability of mucomyotomy using this technique.Methods: From August 2013 to January 2016, n = 52 patients (pts) were treated at Klinikum Augsburg, a tertiary referral center, with the sb knife junior or standard. For stability and safety, the septum is fixed with a soft overtube before intervention. Symptoms were analyzed before and at 1 and 6 months past intervention using an extensive questionnaire of dysphagia, odynophagia, regurgitation, chronic cough, state of health, and complications.Results: The mean size of ZD was 3 cm (1–5 cm). Forty-seven out of 52 (90.4%) patients received one treatment session. The mean procedure time was 32 min (18–60 min). In 10 procedures (17%), a clip was placed at the bo...
Improving meta-analysis for policy purposes.

Many empirical sciences have developed formal methods of combining information across independent research studies, an enterprise with a long history that was named "meta-analysis" (Hedges 1992; National Research Council 1992). When the question to be addressed is a narrow scientific one, the standard methods of metaanalysis provide adequate tools for combining the evidence. These are discussed in Cooper (1984), Hedges and Olkin (1985), Hunter and Schmidt (1990), Light and Pillemer (1984), Rosenthal (1984), or the new "Handbook of Research Synthesis" (Cooper and Hedges 1994) which includes contributions by all the authors previously mentioned.
Fantasy, Gossip, and Self-Disclosure: Children’s Conversations with Friends

(1983). Fantasy, Gossip, and Self-Disclosure: Children’s Conversations with Friends. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 7, Communication Yearbook 7, pp. 717-737.
Automatic Triage of Mental Health Forum Posts

As part of the 2016 Computational Linguistics and Clinical Psychology (CLPsych) shared task, participants were asked to construct systems to automatically classify mental health forum posts into four categories, representing how urgently posts require moderator attention. This paper details the system implementation from the University of Florida, in which we compare several distinct models and show that best performance is achieved with domain-specific preprocessing, n-gram feature extraction, and cross-validated linear models.
MODIS Imagery Improves Pest Risk Assessment: A Case Study of Wheat Stem Sawfly (Cephus cinctus, Hymenoptera: Cephidae) in Colorado, USA.

Wheat stem sawfly ( Cephus cinctus Norton, Hymenoptera: Cephidae) has long been a significant insect pest of spring, and more recently, winter wheat in the northern Great Plains. Wheat stem sawfly was first observed infesting winter wheat in Colorado in 2010 and, subsequently, has spread rapidly throughout wheat production regions of the state. Here, we used maximum entropy modeling (MaxEnt) to generate habitat suitability maps in order to predict the risk of crop damage as this species spreads throughout the winter wheat-growing regions of Colorado. We identified environmental variables that influence the current distribution of wheat stem sawfly in the state and evaluated whether remotely sensed variables improved model performance. We used presence localities of C. cinctus and climatic, topographic, soils, and normalized difference vegetation index and enhanced vegetation index data derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery as environmental variables. All models had high performance in that they were successful in predicting suitable habitat for C. cinctus in its current distribution in eastern Colorado. The enhanced vegetation index for the month of April improved model performance and was identified as a top contributor to MaxEnt model. Soil clay percent at 0–5 cm, temperature seasonality, and precipitation seasonality were also associated with C. cinctus distribution in Colorado. The improved model performance resulting from integrating vegetation indices in our study demonstrates the ability of remote sensing technologies to enhance species distribution modeling. These risk maps generated can assist managers in planning control measures for current infestations and assess the future risk of C. cinctus establishment in currently uninfested regions.
Utilization of Public Health Service Increased Risk Donors Yields Equivalent Outcomes in Liver Transplantation

Background. The PHS increased risk donor (IRD) is underutilized in liver transplantation. We aimed to examine the posttransplant outcomes in recipients of increased-risk organs. Methods. We analyzed 228,040 transplants in the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database from 2004 to 2013. Endpoints were graft failure and death. Results were controlled for demographics and comorbidities. Statistical analysis utilized Fisher’s test and logistic regression. Results. 58,816 patients were identified (5,534 IRD, 53,282 non-IRD). IRDs were more frequently male (69.2% versus 58.3%, ), younger (34 versus 39, ), and less likely to have comorbidities (). Waitlist time was longer for IRD graft recipients (254 versus 238 days, ). All outcomes were better in the IRD group. Graft failure (23.6 versus 27.3%, ) and mortality (20.4 versus 22.3%, ) were decreased in IRD graft recipients. However, in multivariate analysis, IRD status was not a significant indicator of outcomes. Conclusion. This is the first study to describe IRD demographics in liver transplantation. Outcomes are improved in IRD organ recipients; however, controlling for donor and recipient comorbidities, ischemia time, and MELD score, the differences lose significance. In multivariate analysis, use of IRD organs is noninferior, with similar graft failure and mortality despite the infectious risk.
Imiglucerase in the management of Gaucher disease type 1: an evidence-based review of its place in therapy

Introduction Gaucher disease is the first lysosomal disease to benefit from enzyme replacement therapy, thus serving as model for numerous other lysosomal diseases. Alglucerase was the first glucocerebrosidase purified from placental extracts, and this was then replaced by imiglucerase – a Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived glucocerebrosidase.
Collaborative Grant-Seeking: A Practical Guide for Librarians

Across the country, libraries of all types are struggling to receive the level of funding needed to even maintain—much less enhance—their resources and services. As money becomes increasingly scarc...
Neuroimaging biomarkers and impaired olfaction in cognitively normal individuals.

Objective: There is a need for inexpensive non-invasive tests to identify older healthy persons at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) for enrollment in AD prevention trials. Our objective was to examine whether abnormalities in neuroimaging measures of amyloid and neurodegeneration are correlated with odor identification (OI) in the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (MCSA). Methods: Cognitively normal (CN) participants had olfactory function assessed using the Brief Smell Identification Test (B-SIT), underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; n=829) to assess a composite Alzheimer's disease (AD) signature cortical thickness and hippocampal volume (HVa), and, 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (11C-PiB; n=306) and 18fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG; n=305) positron emission tomography (PET) scanning to assess amyloid accumulation and brain hypometabolism, respectively. The association of neuroimaging biomarkers with OI was examined using multinomial logistic regression and simple linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Among 829 CN participants (mean age 79.2 years; 51.5% men), 248 (29.9%) were normosmic and 78 (9.4%) had anosmia (B-SIT score <6). Abnormal AD signature cortical thickness and reduced HVa were associated with decreased OI as a continuous measure (slope=-.43; (95%CI -.77, -.09); p=.01 and slope=-.72; (95%CI -1.15, -.28); <.01, respectively). Reduced HVa, decreased AD signature cortical thickness and increased amyloid accumulation were significantly associated with increased odds of anosmia. Interpretation: Our findings suggest that OI may be a non-invasive, inexpensive marker for risk stratification, for identifying participants at the preclinical stage of AD who may be at risk for cognitive impairment, and eligible for inclusion in AD prevention clinical trials. These cross-sectional findings remain to be validated prospectively. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Cancer Cells as Probes of Embryonic Development

Five embryonic fields have been shown to regulate appropriate carcinomas. Specificity for the reaction has been established in two of these fields, suggesting that a close developmental correspondence between the field and the cancer cell is required- Inhibitors of mitosis are present in two of these embryonic fields, and in one case it is likely that the inhibitor plus cell contact is required for regulation to occur.
Empruthotrema longipenis n. sp. (Monogenoidea: Monocotylidae: Merizocotylinae) from the olfactory sacs of the smooth butterfly ray Gymnura micrura (Bloch & Schneider) (Myliobatiformes: Gymnuridae) in the Gulf of Mexico

A new species of Empruthotrema Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 is described based on specimens collected from the olfactory sacs of smooth butterfly rays Gymnura micrura (Bloch & Schneider) captured in Mobile Bay (northcentral Gulf of Mexico), Alabama, USA. Empruthotrema longipenis n. sp. is most similar to the type-species Empruthotrema raiae (MacCallum, 1916) Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 by having 12 marginal and two interhamular loculi with members of haptoral hook pair 1 located midway along the periphery of each interhamular loculus and those of hook pair 2 located at the marginal termini of the bilateral septa flanking the interhamular loculi. Empruthotrema longipenis n. sp. differs from E. raiae by having a much longer male copulatory organ and from its remaining congeners by the sinistral and extracecal ejaculatory bulb flanking the pharynx, the number of interhamular and marginal septa, and the distribution of hook pairs 1 and 2 along the haptoral margin. This is the first report of a monocotylid from the smooth butterfly ray and from Mobile Bay. The diversity of haptoral morphotypes among the currently accepted species of Empruthotrema is detailed and discussed in the context of monophyly of the genus.
A Systematic Method to Evaluate and Compare the Performance of Physical Unclonable Functions

We propose a systematic method to evaluate and compare the performance of physical unclonable functions (PUFs). The need for such a method is justified by the fact that various types of PUFs have been proposed so far. However, there is no common method that can fairly compare them in terms of their performance. We first propose three generic dimensions of PUF measurement. We then define several parameters to quantify the performance of a PUF along these dimensions. We also analyze existing parameters proposed by other researchers. Based on our analysis, we propose a compact set of parameters that will be used as a tool to evaluate as well as compare the performance of different PUFs. To make the method independent of the underlying PUF technique, we focus on the statistical properties of the binary PUF responses. We demonstrate the proposed method with a detailed comparison analysis between two PUFs: the ring-oscillator-based PUF (RO PUF) and the Arbiter-based PUF (APUF) using measured data from PUF implementations in state-of-the-art FPGAs. Finally, we present an online database where our measurements and analysis results can be consulted. Our dataset comprises measurements in 193 FPGAs.
The city as subject and stage: dance and the formation of Tel Aviv

AbstractThis article investigates the impact of dance on the development of Tel Aviv during the British Mandate of Palestine. It shows how theatrical, salon, and folk dance forms shaped the culture as well as the physical space of the burgeoning city, and how national ideas were encoded into this nexus. The city served as both stage and subject of dancing and choreographic activity.
Teleneurology for Veterans in a Major Metropolitan Area.

Abstract Background: The recent growth in telehealth has been facilitated by the need to deliver healthcare to patients living in remote or rural areas. In contrast, the role of telehealth in more urban settings is less clear. A teleneurology program was established in 2011 at the Tibor Rubin VA Medical Center (TRVAMC) in Long Beach, California. A review of teleneurology encounters was conducted to assess the feasibility of applying this telehealth modality to patients with chronic neurological disorders living in an urban setting. Methods: Teleneurology encounters were conducted by clinical video telehealth (CVT) between a provider at the TRVAMC and patients at local community-based outpatient clinics from November 2011 to December 2014. In a random sampling of veterans, they were asked to complete a patient satisfaction survey. Results: A total of 745 teleneurology encounters were performed including 570 unique patients. Veterans with a broad range of neurological disorders were seen, including Parkinso...
Assessment of the correlations of lacosamide concentrations in saliva and serum in patients with epilepsy.

Therapeutic drug monitoring of antiepileptic drugs is based on patient serum samples. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between lacosamide (LCM) steady state concentrations in serum and saliva samples. Additionally, we investigated the relation with daily dose, and assessed the feasibility of saliva collection. This was an open-label, single center study including data from 25 patients at the Bethel Epilepsy Center treated with LCM (50-650 mg/d). Samples were collected in the morning (fasting values) and in selected cases at 50 minutes to 5 hours after the morning dose. Nonsignificant differences in the mean LCM morning (trough) concentration in serum and saliva were observed. Serum and saliva concentrations across all samples were highly correlated, (r = .874), with a slightly lower correlation when only fasting values were analyzed (r = .860). Higher correlation with daily dosages was observed in serum samples (r = .773) than in saliva samples (r = .604). Serum and saliva concentrations increased significantly after intake of the LCM morning dose (P < .001). The median absolute and percentage increase of LCM in serum were moderately lower than in saliva samples, with a few outliers in saliva samples. Consequently, saliva could offer great clinical potential to monitor drug concentrations and guide LCM treatment in epileptic patients.
Phosphodiesterase (PDE5) inhibition assay for rapid detection of erectile dysfunction drugs and analogs in sexual enhancement products

Products marketed as dietary supplements for sexual enhancement are frequently adulterated with phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors, which are erectile dysfunction drugs or their analogs that can cause adverse health effects. Due to widespread adulteration, a rapid screening assay was developed to detect PDE5 inhibitors in adulterated products. The assay employs fluorescence detection and is based on measuring inhibition of PDE5 activity, the pharmacological mechanism shared among the adulterants. Initially, the assay reaction scheme was established and characterized, followed by analysis of 9 representative PDE5 inhibitors (IC50 , 0.4-4.0 ng mL-1 ), demonstrating sensitive detection in matrix-free solutions. Next, dietary supplements serving as matrix blanks (n = 25) were analyzed to determine matrix interference and establish a threshold value; there were no false positives. Finally, matrix blanks were spiked with 9 individual PDE5 inhibitors, along with several mixtures. All 9 adulterants were successfully detected (≤ 5 % false negative rate; n = 20) at a concentration of 1.00 mg g-1 , which is over 5 times lower than concentrations commonly encountered in adulterated products. A major distinction of the PDE5 inhibition assay is the ability to detect adulterants without prior knowledge of their chemical structures, demonstrating a broad-based detection capability that can address a continuously evolving threat of new adulterants. The PDE5 inhibition assay can analyze over 40 samples simultaneously within 15 minutes and involves a single incubation step and simple data analysis, all of which are advantageous for combating the widespread adulteration of sex-enhancement products.
I must have missed that: Alpha-band oscillations track attention to spoken language.

Abstract Attention is critical to the construction of mental representations of language context during comprehension. We investigated the consequences of momentary lapses in attention during listening comprehension on neural activity and behavior. Participants listened to two full-length stories while EEG was recorded, and afterwards completed multiple choice comprehension questions. Listening was periodically interrupted by attention probes, in which participants were asked whether their attention immediately preceding the probe's appearance was focused on the story. The results showed that (1) participants spent a substantial amount of time off-task, endorsing attention lapses on over 30% of probes; (2) for probes on which an attention lapse was endorsed, later accuracy on comprehension questions querying pre-probe information was decreased; (3) the pre-probe period just before the endorsement of an attention lapse was characterized by a greater percentage of above-threshold oscillations in the alpha-band (8–12 Hz) compared to just prior to the endorsement of on-task or split-attention listening; and (4) when participants made “I have no idea” responses to comprehension questions, their EEG record revealed a greater percentage of above-threshold alpha oscillations during the original presentation of the information queried by the comprehension questions, compared to correct responses or incorrect guesses. These results connect changes in neural activity in the alpha band to episodes of mind-wandering during listening comprehension, and in turn to decreased comprehension accuracy. This demonstrates how alpha can be used to track attentional engagement during language comprehension, and illustrates the dependence of successful language comprehension on attention.
Imprints of Hope from the Global Co-learning Classroom

Using two graduate theological courses with a specific focus on the Asian American experience as examples, this chapter explores Berling’s empowerment model of teaching and learning. The first involves collaborative teaching in an interdisciplinary course of Scripture, collective memory, and the development of critical faith in the two major Asian American immigrant waves and highlights Berling’s engaged pedagogy. The second course explores the co-learning environment on the Manzanar Pilgrimage, which engages the Japanese American experience of historical injury and restoration through collective memory and compassionate solidarity. Relationality is key as a community of learners is fostered during the journey through the topography of memory. Berling’s methods, focusing on empowering distinctive modes of knowing and the release of a symphony of voices, fostering intercultural understanding, are highlighted in these two examples.