cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An examination of chronic trawling effects on soft-bottom benthos of the eastern Bering Sea

The eastern Bering Sea has experienced rapid and intensive development of commercial trawl fisheries. Because of good record keeping and the relatively brief history of fishing it is possible to reconstruct the spatial and temporal patterns of exploitation. Previously unfished (UF) areas can be identified and directly compared with heavily fished (HF) areas to investigate long-term consequences for the benthos. Using this approach, macrofauna populations in a shallow (48 m average) soft-bottom area were studied during 1996. Samples of 92 taxa (reduced for analysis) were collected at 84-1 nm 2 sites straddling a closed-area boundary. Multi- and univariate statistical tests and raw patterns in the data support the following generalizations: (1) sedentary macrofauna (e.g., anemones, soft corals, sponges, whelk eggs, bryozoans, ascidians), neptunid whelks, and empty shells were more abundant in the UF area; (2) mixed responses were observed within motile groups (e.g. crabs, sea stars, whelks) and infaunal bivalves, suggesting the importance of life history characteristics, such as habitat requirements and feeding mode; and (3) overall diversity and niche breadth of sedentary taxa were greater in the UF area. A systematic approach is required to address the complex issue of bottom-trawl disturbances. This begins with the identification of chronic and acute impacts, followed by focused investigations of ecological implications and, ultimately, cost-benefit analyses to evaluate specific resource-management options.
THE INFLUENCE OF CORTISONE ON EXPERIMENTAL VIRAL INFECTION VI. INHIBITION BY HYDROCORTISONE OF INTERFERON SYNTHESIS IN THE CHICK EMBRYO

The initial observations that cortisone may act as an inhibitor of viral interference (11, 4) are now explicable as an inhibitory effect on interferon synthesis. The suggestion that the action of interferon is also inhibited by cortisone or its analogues (6) has not been confirmed in a plaque reduction type of interferon assay system in which autointerference by the challenge inoculum is a lesser problem. In this respect, the present results are in accord with those obtained by DeMaeyer and DeMaeyer (8) with hydrocortisone in a system in which a low multiplicity (0.1) Sindbis virus infection in monolayer culture was employed with cytopathic effect (CPE) as an end-point. It has been shown that hydrocortisone is restrictive to the synthesis of interferon induced by inoculation of either infective or inactivated virus into the chick embryo, and that this inhibitory effect is temporary. However, in another study in the chick embryo, three spaced injections of hydrocortisone (0.25 mg/dose) prevented the appearance of detectable interferon during the entire 64 hr observation period following inoculation of 103.3 EID50 of Lee virus (12). The importance of explicit definition of experimental conditions in assessing hormonal effects on infection is illustrated by the capacity of hydrocortisone either to inhibit or increase interferon synthesis in vitro, depending on the proportion of inactivated and infective virus in the inoculum employed, and the time at which interferon is measured. As suggested previously, it is not unlikely that similar shifts in hormone-virus-interferon balance may operate in vivo to influence the outcome of infection.
The Elusive Role of Scientific Medicine in Mortality Decline: Diphtheria in Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Philadelphia

The designation of the Klebs-Loeffler bacillus as the cause of diphtheria in the early 1890s and the subsequent development of the antitoxin treatment in the years immediately following were at the time and continue to be viewed as triumphs of scientific medicine. I focus on these two developments to illustrate the problems that arise in attempting to answer the questions regarding the role that changes in medical practice—in this case, the use of antitoxin as a cure—played in lowering death rates at the time. Changes in diagnostic techniques, the selection of cases to be included, and ultimately the agendas of the persons constructing them affected the numerators and denominators of these rates. The data suggest that the antitoxin had some effect on already declining diphtheria death rates, but because of changes in understandings of the disease and contemporaries’ presentation of the data, the size of that effect and its role in mortality decline more generally elude us. Our analysis of the past depends on numbers that reflect not only changing treatments but also changing understandings of disease at the end of the nineteenth century.
CPS-Net: In-network aggregation for synchrophasor applications

Synchrophasors are sensors that sample power grids and publish these measurements over a network to a number of grid applications such as voltage monitoring, state estimation, visualization, etc. The sampled data is QoS sensitive and must be delivered reliably with minimal delays to the target applications. However, during network overloads or grid emergencies when the volume of data transmitted is high, it is important to gracefully degrade performance and data stream delivery in an application-specific manner.
Understanding native Russian listeners’ errors on an English word recognition test: Model-based analysis of phoneme confusion

AbstractObjective: Word recognition is a basic component in a comprehensive hearing evaluation, but data are lacking for listeners speaking two languages. This study obtained such data for Russian natives in the US and analysed the data using the perceptual assimilation model (PAM) and speech learning model (SLM). Design: Listeners were randomly presented 200 NU-6 words in quiet. Listeners responded verbally and in writing. Performance was scored on words and phonemes (word-initial consonants, vowels, and word-final consonants). Study sample: Seven normal-hearing, adult monolingual English natives (NM), 16 English-dominant (ED), and 15 Russian-dominant (RD) Russian natives participated. ED and RD listeners differed significantly in their language background. Results: Consistent with the SLM, NM outperformed ED listeners and ED outperformed RD listeners, whether responses were scored on words or phonemes. NM and ED listeners shared similar phoneme error patterns, whereas RD listeners’ errors had unique pat...
End to end congestion control of packet switched networks

This paper proposes an adaptive methodology to prevent congestion in packet switched networks such as the internet, where the internal network nodes convey very little information to the ingress nodes. A novel architecture of preventing the congestion is presented when the traffic arrival rates and bottleneck queue levels are known. In the architecture, the congestion is controlled by adjusting the transmission rates of non real-time and certain real-time sources in response to the feedback information so that a desired quality of service (QoS) can be met instead of using the existing additive increase multiplicative decrease (AIMD) algorithm. The QoS is defined in terms of packet loss, transmission delay, network utilization and fairness. Mathematical analysis is given to demonstrate the stability of the closed-loop system. The proposed methodology can be readily applied to network planning, designing routing algorithms and transmission links as well as for real-time video and voice data transfer in unicast networks.
A Sparsely Granulated, Nonsecreting Adenoma of the Pars Intermedia Associated with Galactorrhea in a Male Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta)

A pituitary mass was found at necropsy of a male Macaca mulatta. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were consistent with a chromophobe adenoma. Ultrastructural examination revealed the tumor to be comprised predominantly of sparsely granulated cells. The tumor cells were negative for prolactin, somatotropin, adrenocorticotropin, luteinizing hormone, and thyrotropin by the peroxidase anti-peroxidase method. Other major lesions were gynecomastia and galactorrhea, testicular atrophy, ankylosing spondylitis, and amyloid deposition in the liver, spleen, adrenal, and intestinal tract.
“We Live in a Technological Era, Whether You Like It or Not” Client Perspectives and Online Welfare Applications

A growing number of state welfare agencies are using the Internet to communicate with potential and current clients. Although public management benefits are clear, little is known about client perspectives. This mixed-methods research project examines the topics of application security, reliability, appropriateness, and ease of use, and personal experiences of potential users to understand opinions of online welfare applications. Focus group findings highlight direct benefits, such as speed and ease of use, and indirect benefits, such as holding caseworkers accountable and avoiding unpleasant office conditions. Study participants also identified exceptions like emergencies and applicants with special needs. Despite mixed feelings, many participants preferred online applications to in-person, worker-led eligibility interviews.
Model-based control with quantitative feedback theory

A form of robust model-based control for a robotic arm is proposed and experimentally evaluated. The model-based with quantitative feedback theory (MBQFT) technique replaces the proportional-derivative feedback loop with a controller design based on pseudocontinuous time analog quantitative feedback theory. MBQFT design produces a feedback controller that can be implemented by a series of simple backwards difference equations. MBQFT high-speed tracking accuracy was experimentally evaluated on the first three links of a PUMA-560. This robust technique increased tracking accuracy by up to a factor of four over the model-based controller performance baseline. The MBQFT tracking performance was robust to both unmodeled drive system dynamics and payload uncertainty. The nonheuristic nature of MBQFT design and tuning should allow application to a wide range of manipulators. >
Sociology, ontology and totality in Georg Lukacs

Let me first restate the choice we face before considering Georg Lukacs. The choice we have offered the reader from the beginning pages of this volume is real. The choice is between the finite search for wholeness and the quest for totalities beyond finite limitations. What makes the choice real is that now we can draw the line between positive and negative transcendence by refusing to play the game of totalisms. The choice enables us to say ‘no’ to any totality that is external to man’s finite search. We can choose between Self-1 and Self-2. We can say ‘no’ to Self-2 with its grandiose plans of self-deification or its flirtations with external totalities. As a free and separate awareness Self-2 does surpass the controlled directional awareness of Self-1 but it lacks directional awareness. This does not mean, as in Sartre, that this lack of directional awareness in Self-2 makes the quest for totalities inevitable. Totality is one possibility among other possible modes of directionality that Self-2 may apprehend. Sartre’s statement that ‘human reality is its own surpassing toward what it lacks’ is a way of saying that man is transcendence, as in Heidegger’s ontology. From my perspective transcendence is just a capacity of the self. There is no a priori ontological connection between the lack and its fulfillment. Self-2 may choose to go along with Self-1 on its finite search for wholeness; or, it may choose otherwise. Both parts of the self have free choices. But the distinction between Self-1 and Self-2 enables us to draw the line between positive and negative transcendence and say ‘no’ to the quest for totalities.
Surgical Management of De Novo Stage IV Breast Cancer

Management of the intact primary tumor in women presenting with stage IV breast cancer has classically been determined by the presence or absence of symptoms. However, multiple retrospective reviews completed over the past decade suggest a survival advantage with resection of the intact, asymptomatic primary tumor in these women. These reviews are not without bias, and recently completed randomized trials do not support a significant survival benefit, although local control benefits may exist. Completion of ongoing trials is needed to reach a definitive conclusion regarding the merit of primary tumor resection for local control and survival. Until unbiased data are available, local therapy for the asymptomatic primary cannot be routinely recommended, but may be considered in selected individuals, with multidisciplinary input, when systemic disease is well controlled.
Hypothyroid cardiomyopathy in a patient post-doxorubicin chemotherapy.

Hypothyroidism may cause decreased cardiac output and heart failure—and when severe, bradycardia and pericardial effusions may develop. Chemotherapies, particularly doxorubicin, are known and often irreversible causes of cardiomyopathy. As such, when cardiomyopathy develops in patients who have been exposed to anthracycline chemotherapy, the importance of ruling out other reversible causes such as hypothyroidism cannot be overstated. We present a case of acute systolic heart failure in a patient post-doxorubicin chemotherapy and radiation therapy for alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, found to have severe hypothyroidism as a reversible cause of cardiomyopathy.
Theoretical 13C NMR Spectra of IPR Isomers of Fullerenes C60, C70, C72, C74, C76, and C78 Studied by Density Functional Theory

Optimized geometries and 13C NMR chemical shifts of all the isolated-pentagon-rule (IPR) isomers of fullerenes C60, C70, C72, C74, C76, and C78, except C76:2, have been calculated by density functional theory (B3LYP/6-31G*). C60 has the highest value of total energy per atom. The total energy per atom of other fullerenes decreases when the size of fullerene increases. The unobserved C72 is found to have higher total energy per atom while the also unobserved fullerenes C74, C78:4, and C78:5 have similar values of total energy per atom compared to those already observed. The general patterns of the calculated 13C NMR spectra give good agreement with the experimental patterns. Peaks above 140 ppm agree better with experiment while chemical shifts below 140 ppm are generally overestimated by 1−2 ppm. Local geometry is shown to be determined largely by the connectivity and have some effect on chemical shifts although no direct relationship between the π-orbital axis vector (POAV) angles and chemical shifts is ...
Abstract 3485: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) differentially inhibits growth factor induced angiogenesis in vivo

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Angiogenesis contributes to the development and progression of malignant tumors. An expanding body of evidence also suggests that the response of both vascular and tumor cells to growth factor stimulation depends in part on cellular communication with the extracellular matrix (ECM), and studies have documented important roles for the integrin family of ECM receptors in modulating growth factor signaling. Therefore, uncovering molecular mechanisms by which integrin-mediated cellular communication with the ECM modulate the specificity of growth factor signaling during pathological angiogenesis may provide unique insight into malignant tumor progression. Here we provide evidence that disruption of αvβ3-dependent interaction with the ECM enhance expression of Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4), a well-known regulator of IGF-1 signaling. Interestingly, IGFBP-4 significantly (P<0.05) inhibited IGF-1 and bFGF-induced angiogenesis by greater than 50%. In contrast, IGFBP-4 alone failed to inhibit VEGF-induced angiogenesis in chick CAM. Levels of phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase were elevated in chick CAM tissues treated with VEGF as compared to those in tissues stimulated with either IGF-1 or bFGF. Surprisingly, while the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB 202190 alone had little effect on VEGF-induced angiogenesis, a combination of IGFBP-4 and the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor significantly (P<0.05) inhibited VEGF-induced angiogenesis. These novel findings are consistent with a role for elevated levels of activated p38 MAP kinase in modulating the anti-angiogenic activity of IGFBP-4 in vivo. Taken together, our experimental findings provide additional molecular insight into how integrin-mediated interactions with the local ECM microenvironment may modulate the responses of cells to distinct growth factor signaling pathways during angiogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3485. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3485
Rebuilding the Damaged Heart: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Cell-Based Therapy, and Engineered Heart Tissue

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are broadly distributed cells that retain postnatal capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. MSCs evade immune detection, secrete an array of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic mediators, and very importantly activate resident precursors. These properties form the basis for the strategy of clinical application of cell-based therapeutics for inflammatory and fibrotic conditions. In cardiovascular medicine, administration of autologous or allogeneic MSCs in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy holds significant promise. Numerous preclinical studies of ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy employing MSC-based therapy have demonstrated that the properties of reducing fibrosis, stimulating angiogenesis, and cardiomyogenesis have led to improvements in the structure and function of remodeled ventricles. Further attempts have been made to augment MSCs' effects through genetic modification and cell preconditioning. Progression of MSC therapy to early clinical trials has supported their role in improving cardiac structure and function, functional capacity, and patient quality of life. Emerging data have supported larger clinical trials that have been either completed or are currently underway. Mechanistically, MSC therapy is thought to benefit the heart by stimulating innate anti-fibrotic and regenerative responses. The mechanisms of action involve paracrine signaling, cell-cell interactions, and fusion with resident cells. Trans-differentiation of MSCs to bona fide cardiomyocytes and coronary vessels is also thought to occur, although at a nonphysiological level. Recently, MSC-based tissue engineering for cardiovascular disease has been examined with quite encouraging results. This review discusses MSCs from their basic biological characteristics to their role as a promising therapeutic strategy for clinical cardiovascular disease.
Treatment of Chronic Enterovirus Encephalitis With Fluoxetine in a Patient With X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia.

Abstract Introduction Enterovirus may result in a devastating chronic encephalitis in immunocompromised patients, particularly in patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia. Prognosis for patients with chronic enterovirus encephalitis is poor, almost invariably resulting in mortality without specific treatment. There are currently no approved antiviral agents for enterovirus, but the antidepressant drug fluoxetine has been identified through library-based compound screening as a potential anti-enteroviral agent in vitro . However, use of fluoxetine has not previously been studied in humans with enteroviral disease. Patient Description A five year old boy with X-linked agammaglobulinemia presented with progressive neurological deterioration and was found to have chronic enterovirus encephalitis by brain biopsy. He failed to respond to standard treatment with high dose intravenous immunoglobulin, but showed stabilization and improvement following treatment with fluoxetine. Conclusions This is the first report to describe the use of fluoxetine as a potential therapy for chronic enterovirus infection. Further investigation of fluoxetine as a treatment option for chronic enterovirus encephalitis is necessary.
27 – The International Consortium for Brain Mapping: A Probabilistic Atlas and Reference System for the Human Brain

This chapter provides an overview of a probabilistic atlas and reference system of the human brain—the International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM). ICBM is aimed at developing a voxel-based, probabilistic atlas of the human brain from a large sample of normal individuals, ages 18 to 90, with a wide ethnic and racial distribution. The data set is designed to contain a substantial amount of demographic information describing the subjects' background, family history, habits, diet, and many other features. The ICBM atlas will use functional landmarks to augment atlasing methods that are currently based primarily on macroscopic structural anatomy in the same way that these anatomic methods now augment atlasing methods that were previously based on stereotaxis with simple proportional scaling. In addition to the derived data organized in the databases, digital libraries and data warehouses of complete data sets will also be provided through the ICBM project to the neuroimaging community. These data sets include those with “raw” data, “scalped” data sets, and intensity-normalized, “scalped” data sets.
Low temperature synthesis of graphene-encapsulated copper nanoparticles from kraft lignin

Abstract The formation of graphene-encapsulated copper nanoparticles was investigated through carbonizing a mixture of kraft lignin and copper sulfate pentahydrate at the temperature up to 500 °C. The abrupt conversion of copper ions into its atoms occurred at 300 °C. The formation of graphene layers surrounding copper nanoparticles started as early as the heating temperature reached 400 °C. Most copper nanoparticles were covered with less than five graphene layers when the temperature reached 500 °C. The average diameter of graphene-encapsulated copper nanoparticles was 12.75 and 11.62 nm for temperature at 400 and 500 °C, respectively. The heating temperature had no significant effect on the size of graphene-encapsulated copper nanoparticles in the evaluated temperature range. It is believed that the formation of graphene-layered shell surrounding copper nanoparticles is based on the mechanism of self-limiting theory with solid carbon as the carbon source.
Finding Space-Time Stream Permutations for Minimum Memory and Latency

Processing of parallel data streams requires permutation units for many algorithms where the streams are not independent. Such algorithms include transforms, multi-rate signal processing, and Viterbi decoding. The absolute order of data elements from the permutation is not important, only that data elements are located correctly for the next processing step. This paper describes a method to find permutations that require a minimum amount of memory and latency. The required permutations are generated based on the data dependencies of a computation set. Additional constraints are imposed so that the parallel streaming architecture processes the data without flow control. Results show agreement with brute force methods, which become computationally infeasible for large permutation sets.
Are psychotherapies with more dropouts less effective

Psychotherapy dropout is often regarded as an indicator of treatment failure; however, evidence of a relationship between dropout and outcome has not been well established. The current research con...
Acute Isoniazid Neurotoxicity

An increased incidence of acute isoniazid (INH) neurotoxicity correlating with a resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) in New York City is reported from the Children’s Medical Center of Brooklyn and the Department of Emergency Medicine, State University of New York, Health Science Center at Brooklyn.
IGF-1 (CA)n repeat and -202A/C IGFBP-3 polymorphisms and the risk of breast cancer in African-American and Latina women

A27 Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a powerful mitogen that is intimately involved in the proliferation of both normal and malignant breast epithelial cells. The actions of IGF-1 are regulated by a family of IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). The IGFBP-3 is the most abundant in circulation and its binding to IGF-1 regulates both breast epithelial and stromal cell proliferation and apoptosis. We had previously demonstrated that high plasma levels of IGF-1 and low serum levels of IGFBP-3 are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and with poor prognosis in African American women. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 both have an important polymorphic site in their promoter region, (CA)n repeat and A/C, respectively, which may affect their expression pattern. The AA cohort is known to be a high risk group for poor survival from breast cancer. The biological or genetic factors that could contribute to the disparity are poorly understood in minority populations compared to Caucasians. In our current study, we hypothesized that CA repeat polymorphism in IGF-1 and the -202A/C polymorphism in IGFBP-3 may influence the risk of breast cancer development and perhaps in the prognosis of the disease. In our case-control study, we screened a cohort of 455 subjects for IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 polymorphisms. IGF-1 CA repeat polymorphism was analyzed by the PCR-GenScan method while -202A/C IGFBP-3 polymorphism was detected by the PCR-RFLP (Restriction fragment length polymorphism) method. The (CA)19 repeat allele of IGF-1 was the most common allele in both cases and controls. Non-19/non-19 repeat genotypes were more frequent in African-Americans as compared to the Latina group. In a multivariate analysis of IGF-1 genotypes, African Americans showed a 3-fold increased risk (OR=3.2 at 95%, CI=0.9-11.6, p =0.07) with non-19/non-19 genotype. In comparison, Latinas had more than 9-fold increased risk (OR=9.6 at 95%, CI=1.4-52.0, p =0.02). The IGFBP-3 polymorphism pattern showed a significant difference between the two ethnic groups (in both controls and cases). Latinas had a greater distribution of the CC genotype. However, there was no significant association with breast cancer risk. In summary, our study suggests an important association of the IGF-1 non19/non19 CA repeat with breast cancer. Further studies with larger number of study subjects will help us to validate the role of IGF-1 and IGFBP3 polymorphisms in minority populations.
Review: GeoPolitical Economies of Planning Space

This chapter lays out the major themes and key debates associated with the now expansive scholarly literatures on urban sustainability and smart growth, respectively. The discussion highlights distinct interpretations of urban sustainability: state-progressive, radical-societal, and market-liberal. Smart growth is then discussed as a more concrete and largely state-progressive (rather than radical-societal or market-liberal) planning theory and policy doctrine that, in the US context at least, “spatializes” urban sustainability in ways that are legible in the institutional and discursive environment. Following Cooke’s (Theories of planning and spatial development, London, 1983) lead, I argue that we need to integrate the planning theory of smart growth with the wider pursuit of urban sustainability as an urban geopolitical project. Such a theoretical commitment, I suggest, might help us both to describe and to explain what I call in Chap. 3 the sustainable geographies of uneven smart growth in Greater Seattle—and perhaps beyond.
Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy. Single-surgeon technique with minimal assistance.

OBJECTIVE : To prospectively evaluate parameters of surgical outcome of novel technique of laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy performed by a single surgeon with minimal surgical help from an inexperienced assistant. STUDY DESIGN : Four women who had indications for hysterectomy but relative contraindications to the strictly vaginal approach were consecutively entered into the study. The hysterectomy was accomplished with the Endo GIA 30, O'Connor-O'Sullivan self-retaining vaginal retractor, the ligature vaginal hysterectomy technique and one surgical assistant. RESULTS : The average operative time was 133 minutes (range, 105-167). Blood loss averaged 288 mL (range, 150-350). The average length of hospitalization was 62 hours (range, 36-72). The average time of convalescence was two weeks (range, one to three). CONCLUSION : Preliminary results from a series of four patients suggest that this procedure may be a viable and safe alternative for the single surgeon.
Modulation of the p53 response by uncoupling protein-2 promotes chemoresistance in colon cancer cells

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA 2791 Background and Aims. Cancer cells acquire chemoresistance by selection pressure in response to an unfavorable microenvironment. This process is modulated by oxidative stress that primarily originates from mitochondria. We studied if this critical adaptive response in cancer cells is linked to uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), a recently established regulator of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production with enhanced expression in human colon cancer. Methods. We overexpressed the full-length human UCP2 in HCT116 human colon cancer cells and analyzed the effect of various chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo. We monitored the impact of UCP2 on intracellular ROS levels and apoptosis rates of cultured HCT116 cells in response to camptothecin (CPT), etoposide, cisplatin, and doxorubicin. In addition, we generated subcutaneous xenografts by inoculating HCT116 cells - stably overexpressing UCP2 - into NCr nu/nu mice and monitored in vivo tumor growth in response to irinotecan (CPT-11). Results. UCP2 overexpression resulted in lower ROS levels and markedly reduced apoptosis rates (including less abundance of PUMA) in HCT116 cells treated with chemotherapeutics. The protective effect of UCP2 was absent in p53-/- HCT116 cells. Moreover, UCP2 overexpression markedly diminished CPT-induced N-terminal phosphorylation of p53 at the Ser15, Ser33, and Ser46 residues and increased its proteasomal degradation. Inhibition of glycolysis, a newly discovered metabolic function of p53 was also altered by mitochondrial uncoupling, since the UCP2 overexpressing HCT116 cell line exhibited higher lactate production and increased susceptibility to the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose. Finally, inhibition of tumor growth by CPT-11 in mice receiving xenografts of UCP2-overexpressing cells was distinctly weakened compared to empty vector controls. Conclusions. These findings indicate that UCP2 has a protective effect in colon cancer cells treated with chemotherapeutics and this response involves modulation of the p53 response and promotion of the glycolytic phenotype (Warburg-effect). The association between increased UCP2 expression and chemoresistance suggests that UCP2 may become a novel target of our efforts to improve the treatment of advanced colon cancer. This work was supported by NIH grants DK-61890 and RR-17695.
Computational Social Science and Big Data: A Quick SWOT Analysis

Do computational social science and Big Data constitute a methodological revolution of the complex, data-intensive sciences? This question is approached by means of a quick analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT analysis) of the two approaches. It is concluded that computational social science and Big Data do mark an important methodological improvement but should probably not be qualified as “scientific revolution” or “paradigm change”. From the SWOT analysis it also follows that further research is necessary for a coherent development of computational social science and Big Data, in particular with respect to the ethics of privacy; balancing the low explanatory power of computational models; developing an epistemological position between naive realism and radical constructivism; integrating computer science and social science.
Angled facet waveguide quantum cascade laser for external cavity system

We describe the use of an angled facet to achieve low reflectance of one facet of a quantum cascade laser. A bent waveguide allows one facet to be angled with respect to the waveguide and still use the natural cleavage plane of the crystal. The application of such structures is external-cavity wavelength tunable quantum cascade lasers. The reflectance is studied as a function of angle with an angle of 11.2° reducing the reflectance from 28% to 3.5%. When combined with a dielectric anti-reflection coating, better external-cavity laser performance is possible.
Tetra-kis(acetonitrile-κN)lithium hexa-fluoridophosphate acetonitrile monosolvate.

In the title compound, [Li(CH3CN)4]PF6·CH3CN, the asymmetric unit consists of three independent tetra­hedral [Li(CH3CN)4]+ cations, three uncoordinated PF6− anions and three uncoordinated CH3CN solvent mol­ecules. The three anions are disordered over two sites through a rotation along one of the F—P—F axes. The relative occupancies of the two sites for the F atoms are 0.643 (16):0.357 (16), 0.677 (10):0.323 (10) and 0.723 (13):0.277 (13). The crystal used was a racemic twin, with approximately equal twin components.
Esophageal and gastric motor abnormalities in gastroesophageal reflux during infancy

Thirty-four infants with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux were evaluated by esophageal manometry, pH probe, and gastric emptying studies. Infants with failure to thrive (group A) and recurrent pulmonary disease (group B) had more severe reflux by pH probe (41.6% and 36.3% reflux time postprandially, respectively) than the group of infants without serious sequellae of gastroesophageal reflux (group C), who had 19.0% reflux time postprandially, p less than 0.01. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure did not vary significantly between infants with severe reflux and milder disease. Groups A and B had significantly decreased peristaltic amplitude in the distal body of the esophagus (28.3 +/- 4.8 and 23.2 +/- 5.5 mmHg, respectively) when compared to group C (50.2 +/- 3.2 mm Hg, p less than 0.01); in addition to a significantly increased number of nonperistaltic sequences. Gastric emptying of isotope-labeled cow's milk formula after 1 h was 20.9% and 22.8% in groups A and B, respectively; significantly delayed compared to 40.6% of the meal emptied in group C infants. Gastric retention was significantly correlated with impaired distal esophageal peristaltic amplitude (r = 0.68) and increased postprandial pH documented reflux (r = 0.60). Our results provide evidence for the diffuse nature of the upper gastrointestinal motility disorder present in severe gastroesophageal reflux of infancy.
Chapter 80 – Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Regulation and Its Actions in Skeletal Muscle Growth and Repair

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a growth hormone-dependent growth-promoting peptide. It cooperates with several additional growth factors to coordinate myoblast proliferation and differentiation, muscle growth, and the regeneration of issues after injury. The potent actions of IGF-I are tightly controlled at many levels, because not only can it cause growth of muscle, it can cause growth of almost any cell in the body. This chapter will introduce the signaling pathways associated with IGF-I activity and how activity is tuned. Next, regulation of IGF-I during transcription and translation and post-translational processing will be described. Finally, the prospects for IGF-I based therapies for both healthy and diseased muscle will be discussed, as well as where these therapeutic strategies may lead in the future.
The Role of Quantitative Risk Assessment in Reactor Safety

In my first lecture, I discussed the way that safety is implemented and assured in the reactor enterprise in the United States. Now I will discuss quantitative risk assessment and its role in reactor safety.
Contexts for Language Learning: Semiotic Perspectives

Semiotics, or at least the analytic perspective afforded by a semiotic approach, has begun to have an appreciable impact on pedagogy at a variety of levels. Perhaps the most obvious impact has been felt in the relatively broad area of language education, by which I mean those areas of the curriculum in which a focus on language and linguistic interaction is especially productive. These would include research, theory, and praxis associated with reading, writing, foreign and native language instruction and the grayer areas of the contemporary curriculum such as reading instruction in and through the various traditional disciplines.
Native kidney cytomegalovirus nephritis and cytomegalovirus prostatitis in a kidney transplant recipient.

We present a case of cytomegalovirus (CMV) native kidney nephritis and prostatitis in a CMV D+/R- kidney transplant recipient who had completed six months of CMV prophylaxis four weeks prior to the diagnosis of genitourinary CMV disease. The patient had a history of benign prostatic hypertrophy and urinary retention that required self-catheterization to relieve high post-voiding residual volumes. At 7 months post-transplant, he was found to have a urinary tract infection, moderate hydronephrosis of the transplanted kidney, and severe hydroureteronephrosis of the native left kidney and ureter, and underwent native left nephrectomy and transurethral resection of the prostate. Histopathologic examination of kidney and prostate tissue revealed CMV inclusions consistent with invasive CMV disease. This case highlights that CMV may extend beyond the kidney allograft to involve other parts of the genitourinary tract, including the native kidneys and prostate. Furthermore, we highlight the tissue-specific risk factors that preceded CMV tissue invasion. In addition to concurrent diagnoses, health care providers should have a low threshold for considering late-onset CMV disease in high-risk solid organ transplant recipients presenting with signs and symptoms of genitourinary tract pathology.
Explaining the temporal and spatial dimensions of robbery: Differences across measures of the physical and social environment

Abstract Objectives Given the evidence that crime events exhibit both a spatial and a temporal pattern, we explore whether certain social and physical environment characteristics have varying relationships with crime at different times of day. Methods We assess this temporal question using a flexible nonlinear parametric approach on a large sample of street segments (and surrounding spatial area) in Southern California. Results There are different temporal and spatial patterns for key measures. The presence of total employees in the surrounding area is associated with a reduced robbery risk during the daytime, but not at night. The risk of a robbery is elevated on a high retail segment on weekends during the daytime, and on high restaurant segments into the early evening on weekends. Furthermore, the presence of retail and restaurants in the surrounding area (evidence of shopping districts) was associated with elevated robbery risk in the afternoon and well into the evening. Conclusion These different temporal patterns indicate the possibility of different mechanisms in operation.
Aromatics/Alkanes separation: Simulated moving bed process model development by a concurrent approach and its validation in a mini-plant

Abstract SMB process development for multicomponent systems is often challenged by the difficulty of optimizing and validating a complex adsorptive separation process whose performance is strongly dependent on multicomponent nonlinear adsorption behavior. We recently proposed a “concurrent” iterative approach to simultaneously optimize SMB process design while determining the adsorption characteristics, wherein a multi-component Langmuir isotherm approximates more complex adsorption behavior in a certain range of liquid phase compositions that are relevant to the SMB design. In this report, the concurrent approach was applied to the separation of a model aromatics/alkanes mixture that approximates hydrocarbon streams often encountered in petroleum refining. In particular, we consider a nonlinear multicomponent system of toluene, dodecane and cyclohexane which have strong competition for adsorption in a mesoporous silica adsorbent. Using an approach that combines adsorption measurements, model fitting, and SMB model predictions that allow targeted selection of compositions for adsorption measurements, we demonstrate convergence of the concurrent method in three iterations with only a small number (32 in total) of multicomponent adsorption measurements. Then, we demonstrate a second iterative methodology to refine the SMB model by estimating the non-thermodynamic (i.e., mass transfer) and other (dead volume) system parameters, using only a very small number of runs on a 16-column SMB “mini-plant” designed and constructed in-house at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The final process design, validated in the SMB mini-plant, maximizes the throughput while maintaining the desired aromatic purity and recovery within an error of 1.5%. The present work thus demonstrates the idea that the SMB process can be developed and experimentally validated in an accelerated manner without requiring prior knowledge of the “global” multicomponent adsorption characteristics.
Developing Artwork Pricing Models for Online Art Sales Using Text Analytics

This work explores utilizing a combination of features, built with text analytics, and other features to predict prices of works of art. Basic metrics, such as the length of the text descriptions and the presence of the artist’s social media links are considered as attributes for predicting the price of art. This work also utilizes the Paragraph2Vec algorithm combined with clustering as a method of classifying artworks for price.
An empirical examination of the use of bargaining power and its impacts on supply chain financial performance

Abstract This study empirically examines how benefits of resource dependence may be bargained away by supply chain finance (SCF) costs incurred to upstream suppliers and downstream buyers through cash conversion cycles. We found that a focal firm may get compensated for its resource contribution with an extra share of the financial gains by using the superior bargaining position over its supply chain partners. Nevertheless, the focal firm may proactively restrain its use of bargaining power when the need for cooperative relationship with its supply chain partners prevails. Managerial and research implications for the introduction of power theory and relation theory to the SCF studies are discussed.
Teacher interactions and effects on group triple problem solving space

ABSTRACTResearch shows that collaborative work promotes student learning and improves social skills, but teachers are still exploring how to best support problem-solving in a small group context, p...
Use of magnetic capture to identify elevated levels of CCL2 following intra-articular injection of monoiodoacetate in rats.

Synovial fluid biomarkers help evaluate osteoarthritis (OA) development. Magnetic capture, our new magnetic nanoparticle-based technology, has proven to be effective for determining extracellular m...
Evaluating molecular modeling tools for thermal stability using an independently generated dataset

Engineering proteins to enhance thermal stability is a widely utilized approach for creating industrially relevant biocatalysts. Computational tools that guide these engineering efforts remain an active area of research with new data sets and develop algorithms. To aid in these efforts, we are reporting an expansion of our previously published data set of mutants for a β-glucosidase to include both measures of TM and ΔΔG, to complement the previously reported measures of T50 and kinetic constants (kcat and KM). For a set of 51 mutants, we found that T50 and TM are moderately correlated with a Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) of 0.58, indicated the two methods capture different physical features. The performance of predicted stability using five computational tools are also evaluated on the 51 mutants dataset, none of which are found to be strong predictors of the observed changes in T50, TM, or ΔΔG. Furthermore, the ability of the five algorithms to predict the production of isolatable soluble protein is examined, which revealed that Rosetta ΔΔG, ELASPIC, and DeepDDG are capable of predicting if a mutant could be produced and isolated as a soluble protein. These results further highlight the need for new algorithms for predicting modest, yet important, changes in thermal stability as well as a new utility for current algorithms for prescreening designs for the production of soluble mutants.
Certified hand therapists membership in the American Society of Hand Therapists: A survey study.

Abstract Study Design Survey research. Methods A pilot tested survey was administered through an electronic mailing system to 5777 CHTs with email addresses on file at Hand Therapy Certification Commission. The survey was electronically distributed on two separate occasions to maximize the response rate. Results The response rate was 53% (n = 1271). The majority of the respondents who were not members of ASHT, 49% (441), indicated that member fees are too expensive, and 35% (311) respondents selected other as the reason. They specified that they were members in another country, the expenses were too high, or that they were retired. Ten percent (93) of respondents answered that they did not know what member benefits were offered, and 4% (40) responded that they do not value the member benefits offered. Finally, 2% (14) of participants answered that they do not value membership in any other professional organization. Discussion While ASHT membership cost is lower than the benefits the member receives, some do not believe that the costs outweighs the benefits. The combination of these factors accounts for approximately half of all CHTs choosing not to join ASHT. Conclusion Many established members value their membership and find it beneficial not only for themselves but also for furthering the profession as well. Many CHTs identified cost as the most apparent factor for not joining ASHT.
Understanding disparities in community green accessibility under alternative green measures: A metropolitan-wide analysis of Columbus, Ohio, and Atlanta, Georgia

Abstract This study examines whether the level of community accessibility to green spaces varies as a function of socioeconomic factors, focusing on three underexplored aspects affecting green inequity assessment: implications of alternative green measures, spatial non-stationarity of socioeconomic impacts, and regional/local context. Using six green measures involving general greenness, tree canopy, developed open space, agricultural lands, parks, green trails, golf courses and sports fields, Geographically Weighted Regression models are developed, and coefficient surfaces are created and compared over two metropolitan areas, Columbus and Atlanta. Second-order effects among individual factors are tested to explore synergistic linkages among them. The results show that the identified patterns of green access inequity vary significantly with the selected green measure. In both metropolitan areas, access to parks, green trails, golf and sports fields turns out to be spatially independent from general greenness and tree canopies. GWR coefficient surfaces show that the socioeconomic-green relationships are spatially heterogeneous and context-dependent, affected by a complex web of forces, including urban heritage, racial and lifestyle diversity, and natural landscape. While natural landscape and income have greater effects in Columbus, racial disparity is dominant in Atlanta. Income-driven disparities are most visible in inner suburban areas and tend to abate in the urban core and exurbs. Urban greening programs need to diversify in terms of green type and location to address localized deficits over a wide urban spectrum.
Angry Public Rhetorics: Global Relations and Emotion in the Wake of 9/11: by Celeste Michelle Condit, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 2018, ix-324 pp., $80.00 (hardcover)

In Angry Public Rhetorics, Celeste Condit examines speeches and writings from Osama Bin Laden, George W. Bush, and the left (represented mostly by Susan Sontag) leading up to and after the 9/11 ter...