cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chapter 4: School-Based Research on Health Behavior Change: The Stanford Adolescent Heart Health Program as a Model for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction

Schools provide an attractive setting for health behavior change instruction. The mandatory presence of students in schools offers an excellent opportunity for longitudinal research. School interventions are potentially cost-effective. Treatment programs can be integrated into the general educational curriculum so that large numbers of individuals may be influenced without heavy investments of professional resources. Maintenance of behavior change may be enhanced because school-based programs allow greater environmental support to foster and sustain behavior change. However, the transfer of health behavior change curricula from the laboratory or clinic to the school setting has proven to be a difficult task. A principal goal of this chapter is to discuss the conceptual framework, design, implementation, and evaluation of a successful school-based health behavior change intervention. We begin by presenting a conceptual model of the health behavior change process to illustrate linkages between behavior change theory and intervention practice. Next, we discuss program development, taking for our text our own school-based investigations with a multiple-factor cardiovascular disease risk reduction curriculum. We will summarize results of this work as an introduction to a discussion of design and evaluation problems of particular con
Avoiding Misdiagnosis in Patients with Neurological Emergencies

Approximately 5% of patients presenting to emergency departments have neurological symptoms. The most common symptoms or diagnoses include headache, dizziness, back pain, weakness, and seizure disorder. Little is known about the actual misdiagnosis of these patients, which can have disastrous consequences for both the patients and the physicians. This paper reviews the existing literature about the misdiagnosis of neurological emergencies and analyzes the reason behind the misdiagnosis by specific presenting complaint. Our goal is to help emergency physicians and other providers reduce diagnostic error, understand how these errors are made, and improve patient care.
Variations in organic geochemistry of anoxic-oxic black shale-carbonate sequences in the Pennsylvanian of the Midcontinent, U.S.A.

Abstract Two cores containing thin organic-rich phosphatic black shale members, the Excello and Little Osage shale, and transitional lithologies from Pennsylvanian cyclothems of southeast Kansas and northeast Oklahoma were characterized by geochemical and organic petrographic methods by very detailed sampling. Geochemical analyses included organic carbon determination, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, bitumen extraction and chromatographic separation into saturated, aromatic and nonhydrocarbon fractions, gas chromatography of saturated hydrocarbons, carbon isotope analysis of coexisting saturated and aromatic fractions, and whole rock V and Ni analyses. Organic petrography included maceral identification on polished whole rock fragments and vitrinite reflection and thermal alteration index (TAI) determinations of kerogen concetrates. The analytical results demonstrate large and systematic variations in geochemical properties within the black-shale units. In both cases an abrupt increase in TOC (20–25% level) and HI (400 level) at the initiation of phosphatic black-shale deposition is followed by a gradual decline to values of less than 1% TOC and 100 HI. Organic constituents include both liptinitic (algal derived) and humic (terrestrial) components. Variations in their relative amounts control the nature and quality of the organic profile of the Little Osage shale. Level of anoxia varied within this sequence and influenced several geochemical parameters. Pr/Ph ratios decrease; nonhydrocarbons increase relative to hydrocarbons; saturated hydrocarbons decline relative to aromatics; carbon isotopic composition of coexisting saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons converge; and V and Ni and the V/Ni + V ratio increase with increased anoxia. Eustatic rise of sea level and rapid marine transgression over the continental craton, with consequent flooding of adjacent extensive brackish-marine (peat) swamps and the resultant influx of a large supply of nutrients and humic detritus, appear to be the key geologic control of black-shale deposition.
Meeting the Challenge of Consultation and Collaboration Developing Interactive Teams

The roles of special educators as consultants and collaborators have long been established and supported. The rationale for these roles is also well documented. Many models--consultative, collaborative, and teaming--have been suggested in the literature; sometimes, these models exhibit similar goals, competencies, and processes. Because of intensified pressures to collaborate, successful implementation of collaborative and team efforts requires that special educators expand their roles as interactive professionals. The purpose of this article is to define and describe the consultation, collaboration, and teaming models that have been implemented, discuss their strengths and limitations, delineate how these models contribute to interactive teaming, outline key features of the interactive team, and provide some guiding principles for successful implementation.
CG-Guided Signature of Polygon

The notion of signature has been useful in measuring similarity between shapes. The standard signature of all convex polygons are identical. We propose a variation of standard signature which is capable of distinguishing different convex shapes.
Distribution and Abundance of Carabidae (Coleoptera) Associated with Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Populations in Central New York

Abstract Carabid beetles were pitfall-trapped in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., fields hosting populations of soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in central New York state in July and August 2004 and 2006. Carabids were collected from five fields located in three counties in 2004 and from two fields both located at the same farm in 2006. In total, adults of 60 carabid species were collected, 10 of which represent introductions from Europe. Agonum muelleri (Herbst), a Palearctic native, was the dominant carabid species both years, a role not previously reported in U.S. carabid assemblages. Both years, A. muelleri was the most abundantly trapped species, and it was collected in more than half of the pitfall traps. The majority of carabid individuals trapped, including A. muelleri, belonged to species overwintering as adults. The most common larval overwinterer, the European native Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger), made up only 6.0% (2004) and 5.5% (2006) of the total carabids ...
The interaction of Thrombospondins with extracellular matrix proteins

The thrombospondins (TSPs) are a family of five matricellular proteins that appear to function as adapter molecules to guide extracellular matrix synthesis and tissue remodeling in a variety of normal and disease settings. Various TSPs have been shown to bind to fibronectin, laminin, matrilins, collagens and other extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The importance of TSP-1 in this context is underscored by the fact that it is rapidly deposited at the sites of tissue damage by platelets. An association of TSPs with collagens has been known for over 25 years. The observation that the disruption of the TSP-2 gene in mice leads to collagen fibril abnormalities provided important in vivo evidence that these interactions are physiologically important. Recent biochemical studies have shown that TSP-5 promotes collagen fibril assembly and structural studies suggest that TSPs may interact with collagens through a highly conserved potential metal ion dependent adhesion site (MIDAS). These interactions are critical for normal tissue homeostasis, tumor progression and the etiology of skeletal dysplasias.
Electrospinning chitosan/poly(ethylene oxide) solutions with essential oils: Correlating solution rheology to nanofiber formation

Electrospinning hydrophilic nanofiber mats that deliver hydrophobic agents would enable the development of new therapeutic wound dressings. However, the correlation between precursor solution properties and nanofiber morphology for polymer solutions electrospun with or without hydrophobic oils has not yet been demonstrated. Here, cinnamaldehyde (CIN) and hydrocinnamic alcohol (H-CIN) were electrospun in chitosan (CS)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) nanofiber mats as a function of CS molecular weight and degree of acetylation (DA). Viscosity stress sweeps determined how the oils affected solution viscosity and chain entanglement (Ce) concentration. Experimentally, the maximum polymer:oil mass ratio electrospun was 1:3 and 1:6 for CS/PEO:CIN and:H-CIN, respectively; a higher chitosan DA increased the incorporation of H-CIN only. The correlations determined for electrospinning plant-derived oils could potentially be applied to other hydrophobic molecules, thus broadening the delivery of therapeutics from electrospun nanofiber mats.
Colocalization of glycolytic enzyme activity and KATP channels in basolateral membrane of Necturusenterocytes

86Rb fluxes through ATP-regulated K+ (KATP) channels in membrane vesicles derived from basolateral membranes of Necturus small intestinal epithelial cells as well as the activity of single KATP channels reconstituted into planar phospholipid bilayers are inhibited by the presence of ADP plus phosphoenolpyruvate in the solution bathing the inner surface of these channels. This inhibition can be prevented by pretreatment of the membranes with 2, 3-butanedione, an irreversible inhibitor of pyruvate kinase (PK) and reversed by the addition of 2-deoxyglucose plus hexokinase. The results of additional studies indicate that PK activity appears to be tightly associated with this membrane fraction. These results, together with considerations of the possible ratio of Na+-K+ pumps to KATP channels in the basolateral membrane, raise the possibility that "cross talk" between those channels and pumps (i.e., the "pump-leak parallelism") may be mediated by local, functionally compartmentalized ATP-to-ADP ratios that differ from those in the bulk cytoplasm.
Ontology Building for Linked Open Data: A Pragmatic Perspective

In this paper we discuss the process of creating ontologies in the rapidly expanding Linked Open Data (LOD) landscape. Over the years the notion of applied ontologies has shifted from that of a knowledge-intensive conceptual model for closed system applications to that of a lightweight representation tool for an open and decentralized environment like the Web. New opportunities for sharing, reusing, and exploiting LOD ontologies available on the Web also bring new challenges for their development. Within the application scenario offered by Linked Jazz, an LOD project in the performing arts, we describe the methodological steps required to build an ontology to support the evolving knowledge representation requirements of the project.
Force and the Settlement of Political Disputes

The rules of the U.N. Charter that govern the use of force by states have fallen into desuetude.
Women and Investment: The Role of Fiscal Policy

Abstract:From a macroeconomic perspective, investment is the backbone of economic growth. The more investment, particularly in productive activities, the more the economy expands and provides employment that supports future growth. Fiscal policies that support investment to stimulate economic growth need to be gendered in order to improve overall macroeconomic results. Investment by women-owned firms is likely to grow as policies enable women to enter more easily into core industries such as manufacturing, construction, and high tech, create work–life balance infrastructures, and, increase discussion of money and debt among women to limit social barriers. Improving access to bank credit and government finance is key to increasing investment by women-owned firms, and, as a result, it is central to the continued expansion of the macroeconomy.
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DIURETICS-OLD AND NEW

Antihypertensive diuretics were one of the first synthetic compounds introduced in medicine. These medicinal agents are used widely and their use is on the increase. Diuretics have been the cornerstone of antihypertensive therapy and with the development of new compounds with fewer long term metabolic side effects, diuretics may continue to hold this primacy.
Anisotropic noise

Programmable graphics hardware makes it possible to generate procedural noise textures on the fly for interactive rendering. However, filtering and antialiasing procedural noise involves a tradeoff between aliasing artifacts and loss of detail. In this paper we present a technique, targeted at interactive applications, that provides high-quality anisotropic filtering for noise textures. We generate noise tiles directly in the frequency domain by partitioning the frequency domain into oriented subbands. We then compute weighted sums of the subband textures to accurately approximate noise with a desired spectrum. This allows us to achieve high-quality anisotropic filtering. Our approach is based solely on 2D textures, avoiding the memory overhead of techniques based on 3D noise tiles. We devise a technique to compensate for texture distortions to generate uniform noise on arbitrary meshes. We develop a GPU-based implementation of our technique that achieves similar rendering performance as state-of-the-art algorithms for procedural noise. In addition, it provides anisotropic filtering and achieves superior image quality.
Hyperresponsivity to Angiotensin Induced in Rats by Behavioral Stimulation.

SummaryIt has been demonstrated that angiotensin hyperresponsivity can be induced in the normotensive animal by a behavioral stimulus. This hyperresponsivity is limited to the period immediately following application of the stimulus. It is not associated with a change in baseline pressure and does not appear to be mediated through the autonomic nervous system, but it is accompanied by increased levels of plasma corticosterone.
Comparison of estimated core body temperature measured with the BioHarness and rectal temperature under several heat stress conditions

ABSTRACTMonitoring and measuring core body temperature is important to prevent or minimize physiological strain and cognitive dysfunction for workers such as first responders (e.g., firefighters) and military personnel. The purpose of this study is to compare estimated core body temperature (Tco-est), determined by heart rate (HR) data from a wearable chest strap physiology monitor, to standard rectal thermometry (Tre) under different conditions. Tco-est and Tre measurements were obtained in thermoneutral and heat stress conditions (high temperature and relative humidity) during four different experiments including treadmill exercise, cycling exercise, passive heat stress, and treadmill exercise while wearing personal protective equipment (PPE). Overall, the mean Tco-est did not differ significantly from Tre across the four conditions. During exercise at low-moderate work rates under heat stress conditions, Tco-est was consistently higher than Tre at all-time points. Tco-est underestimated temperature com...
Aerobic growth of campylobacter in media supplemented with C3-monocarboxylates and C4-dicarboxylates.

Experiments were conducted to examine aerobic growth of Campylobacter spp. in basal media supplemented with C4-dicarboxylates (fumarate, succinate, or malate) and C3-monocarboxylates (pyruvate or lactate). Basal medium was supplemented with 30 mM fumarate, succinate, or malate and 0 to 100 mM lactate or pyruvate; inoculated with 106 CFU/ml of Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter fetus, or Campylobacter jejuni; then incubated aerobically at 37°C for 72 h. Optical density (OD) of cultures was measured at 600 nm during incubation. The effect of adding 0 to 0.20% agar and 0 to 0.10% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) to media supplemented with 30 mM fumarate and 100 mM pyruvate on Campylobacter growth was also determined. Finally, CFU per milliliter of Campylobacter spp. recovered from media containing 30 mM fumarate, 100 mM pyruvate, 0.15% agar, and 0.05% NaHCO3 was determined after inoculated media were incubated aerobically or microaerophilically. Results indicated that the OD600 of Campylobacter cultures incubated ...
Statistical TDDB Degradation in Memory Circuits: Bit-Cells to Arrays

A physics-based SPICE model that takes into account the statistical impacts of both successive and progressive oxide breakdowns is presented to evaluate the time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB)-induced performance degradation in static random access memory cells and peripheral circuits. The postbreakdown $I$ – $V$ characteristics and the distribution of time to breakdown $(t_{\rm {BD}})$ have been verified against experimental data from 45-nm Silicon on insulator technology. We show that peripheral circuits, such as word-line driver, sense amplifier, and write driver, also contribute to degradation of performance during read and write operations. Using the model, the statistical impact of TDDB on sensing delay and write access time can be properly modeled for read and write failure prediction.
Development and defect prevention of new type monocomponent polyurethane waterproof coatings

Performance characteristics and synthetic processes of monocomponent polyurethane waterproof coatings are introduced in detail. And the effects of molar ratio of —NCO/—OH,mass ratio of N220/330N,—NCO group content,the plasticizer DBP on physical performance of the waterproof coatings were studied. In addition,familiar defects and prevention methods of monocomponent polyurethane waterproof coatings were discussed. The research noted that,great attention should be paid to the familiar defects of paint production and paint application. And prevention before it starts. It can guarantee the perfect facade of coating decoration.
Recent Research Progress on Medical Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease

This review discussed some recent research progress on medical treatment for Alzheimer's disease,including acetylcholinesterase inhibitors,NMDA receptor antagonist,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,antioxidants,immunotherapy,and other anti-amyloid β therapies.
Diagnostic Problems in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

When one joint is affected, trauma or septic arthritis may be incorrectly identified; in polyarticular disease, the principal confusion is with acute rheumatic fever. Dr. Fink outlines a variety of techniques available to assist in the differentiation of rheumatoid from other arthritides in children and calls for a team approach to the variety of long-term problems involved in managing these cases.
Effect of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation and Mustard Seed Meal for Control of Charcoal Rot in California Strawberries

Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) and mustard seed meal (MSM) appear to be promising non-fumigant alternatives for soilborne pathogens control. However, studies of their effect on charcoal rot ca...
A Multi-Level Theory of Psychological Contract Fulfillment in Teams

A recent focus on social contexts in the psychological contracts literature has provided the bases for the study of psychological contract fulfillment (PCF) at higher levels of analysis. Continuing...
Abstract A37: Targeting RAGE in pancreatic cancer using monoclonal antibodies

Recent studies suggest that the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) and its ligands (S100P or HMGB1) are important contributors to the progression of pancreatic cancer. Being a cell surface receptor, RAGE possesses a large extracellular domain that binds its activating ligands. We reasoned that monoclonal antibodies that block the interaction between RAGE and its ligands could impact the progression of pancreatic cancer. We have generated a panel of antibodies recognizing different domains of the receptor and are currently testing their inhibitory effects, in pancreatic cancer cells and in small animal models. Citation Format: Priyanka Swami, Venkata Indurthi, Stefan W. Vetter, Estelle Leclerc.{Authors}. Targeting RAGE in pancreatic cancer using monoclonal antibodies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2016 May 12-15; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(24 Suppl):Abstract nr A37.
Process Improvement Project Using Tranexamic Acid Is Cost-Effective in Reducing Blood Loss and Transfusions After Total Hip and Total Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been associated with decreased blood loss and transfusion after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to examine both transfusion utilization and the economic impact of a Process Improvement Project implementing TXA for THA and TKA. Methods After standardization of TXA administration in THA and TKA patients, retrospective data were compared from 12 consecutive months before (group A, n = 336 procedures) and after (group B, n = 436 procedures) project initiation. Results TXA administration increased with project implementation (group A = 3.57%, group B = 86.01%) and was associated with reductions in perioperative hemoglobin decrement (20.2%), patients transfused (45%), and number of units transfused per patient (61.9%). Cost savings were notable per patient ($128) and annually program wide ($55,884) with the primary THA subgroup contributing the most to the savings. No increase in adverse effects was observed. Conclusion Standardized administration of TXA is an effective and economically favorable blood-reduction strategy for patients undergoing elective THA or TKA. Although reduction in transfusions with TXA may be greater after TKA, the economic and clinical impact of transfusion reduction is more substantial in THA patients.
Examining the Evolution of the Field of Public Administration through a Bibliometric Analysis of Public Administration Review

In 2015, Public Administration Review celebrated its 75th year of publication. For this milestone, the PAR Editorial Board selected the 75 most influential articles in the history of the journal and invited scholars to “revisit a selection of these articles” in order “to take stock of what these articles meant for the field.” Bibliometrics offers a complementary view of the history of a discipline and the evolution of its research and practice agendas through an analysis of its published literature. This article examines the changes over time in PAR from 1940 through 2013 in authorship: contributions, impact, gender composition, institutional and national affiliation, profession as scholar or practitioner, collaboration networks, and the status of the 75 influential articles. Through an extensive quantitative analysis of scholarly production, this article demonstrates PAR’s centrality to the discipline of public administration and its bridging role between public administration and political science.
Cognitive Effects of Chemotherapy and Cancer-Related Treatments in Older Adults

Advances in cancer treatment are producing a growing number of cancer survivors; therefore, issues surrounding quality of life during and following cancer treatment have become increasingly important. Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a problem that is commonly reported following the administration of chemotherapy treatment in patients with cancer. Research suggests that CRCI can persist for months to years after completing treatment, which has implications for the trajectory of normal and pathologic cognitive aging for the growing number of long-term cancer survivors. These problems are particularly relevant for older individuals, given that cancer is largely a disease of older age, and the number of patients with cancer who are aged 65 years or older will increase dramatically over the coming decades. This review will briefly summarize empirical findings related to CRCI, discuss CRCI in older patients with cancer, propose potential causative hypotheses, and provide a canonical patient case to illustrate how CRCI presents clinically. Finally, potential intervention strategies for CRCI will be highlighted and issues to consider when evaluating older patients with a history of cancer will be discussed.
Intracortical Microstimulation as a Feedback Source for Brain-Computer Interface Users

Dexterous object manipulation requires cutaneous sensory feedback, and in its absence, even simple grasping tasks appear clumsy and slow. In prosthetic limbs controlled through intracortical brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs), restoring this somatosensory feedback could be an important step to improving function as vision provides only impoverished cues during object interactions. Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is a potential method to restore this sensory feedback, particularly in people who cannot benefit from stimulation of the peripheral nervous system. Here, we demonstrate the ability of ICMS delivered to S1 to produce somatotopically relevant, cutaneous percepts on individual fingers with graded intensity. This demonstrates the capabilities of ICMS for providing cutaneous feedback to iBCI users.
Mental illness and the media

This chapter provides an introduction to the theoretical background, an overview of the research on mental illness and the media, and a discussion of the policy and practice implications of this body of research. It focuses on the research and implications of news, entertainment, and social media representations of mental illness, defined as clinically diagnosable mental health disorders, opposed to mental wellness topics such as stress relief. The chapter summarizes the findings of descriptive studies assessing the content of news media coverage about mental illness in the US and reviews the knowledge base stemming from experimental studies testing the effects of media exposure on audiences' attitudes about mental illness. Key findings are: Overall Negative Portrayals of Mental Illness in the News Media, News Media Emphasis on Interpersonal Violence, and Mental Illness Diagnoses and Symptoms in News Stories. The stigmatizing effects of media portrayals of untreated mental illness may differ across conditions.
Phase I study of frequent low-dose administration of decitabine, alone or in combination with hyperCVAD, in relapsed or refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

7072 Background: Aberrant DNA methylation is frequent in ALL. Decitabine, a hypomethylating agent, is a potent inducer of apoptosis in lymphoid leukemia cell lines. In vivo, treatment with decitabi...
The Future of Human Cytogenetics

Continued improvements in cytogenetic technique have consistently revealed chromosome aberrations not detectable by earlier methods. The likeliest repository of additional aberrations in human populations remains the same as before: spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, infants with multiple malformations, mentally retarded individuals, and cancers, examined using still newer methods. For example, mental retardation affects up to 3% of the population. Detectable chromosome imbalance accounts for a large percentage of severe mental retardation (IQ <55) and perhaps 5–10% of milder retardation (IQ 55–70), but the cause is unknown in many cases. (1995) have taken a novel approach, based on evidence that the subtelomeric regions are generally prone to recombination and that methods now exist for detecting unequal recombinational events by probing the DNA of flow-sorted chromosomes with polymorphic markers. They estimate that 6% of unexplained mental retardation may be due to small chromosome changes in the subtelomeric regions alone. Better methods are also needed to identify paracentric insertions, which carry a 15% risk of duplications or deletions arising during meiotic segregation in carriers. Currently, as many as 90% of these insertions may be undetectable by present methods, based on their frequency in the two chromosomal regions where they can be most readily detected.
An overlay solution to IP multicast address collision prevention

Before multicast applications start transmitting content must choose a multicast channel on which to transmit. Unlike IP unicast addresses, multicast addresses normally are not long lived entities. Moreover many applications can choose to transmit data on the same channel. Every application that chooses to transmit data intended for receivers outside its own administrative domain must choose a globally scoped channel. Since most of globally scoped multicast channel addresses are not statically assigned, there is a high probability of address collision among applications if they are assigned addresses randomly and without the prior knowledge of global assignments of such addresses. This paper proposes an overlay solution to dynamic "globally scoped" multicast address allocation and collision prevention.
Sternness as a Source of Levity in Joseph Conrad, James M. Barrie, and Charles Dickens

It is a small but important feature of Conrad’s work that “sternness” as a character trait is almost never used to build the atmosphere that its definition of strictness and severity suggests. Instead, acting sternly tends to undercut the authority and sense of personal awareness of characters who attempt it, often contributing to moments of levity or outright comic relief. Conrad was not alone in this use of sternness but, like his contemporary Barrie, he absorbed it from Victorian writers, including Dickens, whose work he read and admired. This paper traces the uses of sternness through Conrad’s canon, showing how its manifestations help to create Conrad’s singular sense of humor. Special attention is paid to the use of the word “sternly” in the last line of “The Tale,” where its interpretation is critical to readerly projections of the story’s future action. Selections from Dickens and Barrie are also discussed in order to contextualize and illuminate Conrad’s own uses of sternness.
Aspirin Compliance for Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer Prevention in the Uninsured Population

Abstract Aspirin is an effective anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet agent as an irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. In 2016, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommended aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients aged 50 to 69 with a 10% or greater 10-year CVD risk. Due to the lack of literature describing compliance with these recommendations in the uninsured patient population, we studied the aspirin adherence for CVD and CRC prevention in several free medical clinics. We investigated the records of 8857 uninsured patients who visited nine free medical clinics in the Tampa Bay Area in 2016-2017. Aspirin compliance was assessed for patients with prior myocardial infarction (MI) or coronary artery disease (CAD). 54% (n=1467) of patients met the criteria to take aspirin for primary prevention of CVD and CRC, but just 17% of these patients aged 50-59 were on the medication. 16% percent of patients aged 60-69 were taking aspirin and significantly more men than women were on aspirin (p=0.025). Of the 306 patients who had prior MI or CAD, 50% were on the medication for secondary prevention. Among the uninsured population, there is low compliance with recommendations for aspirin usage to reduce the risk of CVD and CRC. This study demonstrates that further improvements are needed to increase adherence to current guidelines and address barriers uninsured patients may face in maintaining their cardiovascular and colorectal health.
High-efficiency AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN tunnel junction ultraviolet light-emitting diodes

AlGaN is the material of choice for high-efficiency deep UV light sources, which is the only alternative technology to replace mercury lamps for water purification and disinfection. At present, however, AlGaN-based mid- and deep UV LEDs exhibit very low efficiency. Here, we report a detailed investigation of the epitaxy and characterization of LEDs utilizing an AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN tunnel junction structure, operating at ∼265 nm, which have the potential to break the efficiency bottleneck of deep UV photonics. A thin GaN layer was incorporated between p+ and n+-AlGaN to reduce the tunneling barrier. By optimizing the thickness of the GaN layer and thickness of the top n-AlGaN contact layer, we demonstrate AlGaN deep UV LEDs with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 11% and wall-plug efficiency of 7.6% for direct on-wafer measurement. It is also observed that the devices exhibit severe efficiency droop under low current densities, which is explained by the low hole mobility, due to the hole hopping conduction in the Mg impurity band and the resulting electron overflow.
Radial Transport Fluxes and Distributions Determined by Requirements for Particle, Momentum, and Energy Conservation

The relationships among the radial distributions of neutral beam momentum and particle sources, the radial distribution of ion orbit losses, and the resulting radial distributions of toroidal and p...
Virtual Remote Attending Supervision in an Academic Emergency Department during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: As the surge of patients with COVID-19 increased, our academic university faculty needed to explore ways to protect the more vulnerable physicians in the group from infection while maintaining the service to our patients and the educational objectives of our residency training program. Methods: We utilized telehealth carts used for other purposes in the institution and the ED to allow the replacement of one physically present supervising attending physician with a virtual remote attending physician. This physician, working from home, can be virtually present for resident history and physicals with all patients in the supervised pod. Discussions about patient care, review of studies, and decision on final disposition can also be performed. Resident teaching can also be accomplished. Results: Our innovation represents a novel use of telemedicine capabilities which allows us to protect vulnerable faculty from infection during the COVID-19 pandemic while maintaining appropriate EM resident supervision and patient care. We found some advantages of this process which allow us to more directly observe the initial resident assessment of the patient. The residents responded favorably to the degree of supervision and patient care that we can provide remotely. Conclusions: Our novel use telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic has allowed us to decrease the exposure of more vulnerable faculty while maintaining the ability of these faculty to continue to contribute to patient care and resident education. It is well accepted by our residents and seems to be a viable alternative to physical presence in the ED for at least one faculty member. This modality might also be utilized by an attending who fell ill and was not yet able to return to physical work. We hope our description of this process might be useful to other academic departments or community hospital groups who may have at-risk members.
Absolute series for higher Euler constants

Abstract We give families of series for generalized Euler constants of multiple Hurwitz zeta functions in terms of absolute zeta functions of algebraic groups, extending recent work of Kurokawa and Tanaka. Our series also converge p-adically to give p-adic limit formulas for higher p-adic Euler constants.
Abstract WP273: Radiologic Characteristic of Perioperative Large Vessel Occlusions in Patients Who Underwent Transcatheter and Surgical Valve Replacement

Body Introduction: Ischemic stroke is a known perioperative complication of both transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement (TAVR and SAVR). We compared large vessel occlusions (LVO) in is...
A method for characterization of multiple dynamic constitutive parameters of FRCs

Abstract We propose a method to measure multiple dynamic material constitutive parameters of unidirectional fiber reinforced composites (FRCs) in a single experiment. Dynamic short-beam shear (DSBS) experiments were performed on a modified Kolsky compression bar, with integration of high-speed imaging and digital image correlation (DIC). The unidirectional FRCs investigated were S-2 glass fiber reinforced matrix of TGDDM-Jeffamine® D230 with monoamine functionalized partially reacted substructures (mPRS) and commercially available SC-15. Analytical solutions of normal and shear strains of a composite beam were derived based on Timoshenko beam theory, assuming material to be transversely isotropic and have different moduli in tension and compression in each principle material orientation. Tensile and compressive moduli were inversely computed through monitoring normal strain slope when specimen was constantly loaded at a speed of ~7.3 m/s within a small deflection. Non-linear shear stress-strain behavior of the composite was described via Ramberg–Osgood equation. Finite element (FE) analysis was conducted in ABAQUS, simultaneously defining via user subroutine UMAT the transverse isotropy of material, bi-modulus constitutive model, and non-linear shear stress-strain relation. The method proposed in this work was validated by comparing strain distributions computed by FE model and DIC measurements. Comparing with traditional dynamic tensile, compressive, and shear experiments on FRCs, this method significantly simplifies the specimen preparation and design of complicated gripping fixtures for multiple experiments. Furthermore, systematic errors resulting from variations of specimen geometry and dimension, loading direction, and instrumentation are reduced, thereby providing compatible data for numerical studies on impact behavior of composites.
Hydrostatic vs. hydrodynamic components of fluid pressure in the tribological interfaces of axial piston machines

Abstract Axial piston machines of swash plate design rely on three main lubricating interfaces to support the load on their slippers, pistons, and cylinder block. The respective loads on these parts are carried by the fluid pressure in these interfaces— pressure from hydrostatic sources (from the inlet and outlet ports of the pump), as well as hydrodynamic pressure, generated by the relative motion of the surfaces that border a fluid film. The present work investigates how the hydrostatic and hydrodynamic components of fluid pressure compare in terms of their importance to load support in the three interfaces. A methodology is proposed to calculate these two fluid pressure components, and their contributions to load support, for each interface in a given unit, at a given operating condition. Separating the interface's fluid pressure fields, and the forces they generate, into their hydrostatic and hydrodynamic components offers a novel view into the load-support mechanism of the interfaces, and how they compare to each other. Moreover, the proposed methodology can easily be adapted to bent axis machines. Through a case study involving a 75 cc commercial unit, the proposed methodology shows that the hydrodynamic contribution to load support in two of the interfaces of axial piston machines of swash plate design can significantly exceed the estimates typically provided in literature, and that in the third interface, the force from hydrostatic fluid pressure can be so large that less than 60% of it is required to balance the load, and over 40% of it is excess— i.e. it becomes the load force.
Racial disparity in prostate cancer in the African American population with actionable ideas and novel immunotherapies

Background African Americans (AAs) in the United States are known to have a higher incidence and mortality for Prostate Cancer (PCa). The drivers of this epidemiological disparity are multifactorial, including socioeconomic factors leading to lifestyle and dietary issues, healthcare access problems, and potentially tumor biology. Recent findings Although recent evidence suggests once access is equal, AA men have equal outcomes to Caucasian American (CA) men, differences in PCa incidence remain, and there is much to do to reverse disparities in mortality across the USA. A deeper understanding of these issues, both at the clinical and molecular level, can facilitate improved outcomes in the AA population. This review first discusses PCa oncogenesis in the context of its diverse hallmarks before benchmarking key molecular and genomic differences for PCa in AA men that have emerged in the recent literature. Studies have emphasized the importance of tumor microenvironment that contributes to both the unequal cancer burden and differences in clinical outcome between the races. Management of comorbidities like obesity, hypertension, and diabetes will provide an essential means of reducing prostate cancer incidence in AA men. Although requiring further AA specific research, several new treatment strategies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors used in combination PARP inhibitors and other emerging vaccines, including Sipuleucel-T, have demonstrated some proven efficacy. Conclusion Genomic profiling to integrate clinical and genomic data for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment will allow physicians to plan a "Precision Medicine" approach to AA men. There is a pressing need for further research for risk stratification, which may allow early identification of AA men with higher risk disease based on their unique clinical, genomic, and immunological profiles, which can then be mapped to appropriate clinical trials. Treatment options are outlined, with a concise description of recent work in AA specific populations, detailing several targeted therapies, including immunotherapy. Also, a summary of current clinical trials involving AA men is presented, and it is important that policies are adopted to ensure that AA men are actively recruited. Although it is encouraging that many of these explore the lifestyle and educational initiatives and therapeutic interventions, there is much still work to be done to reduce incidence and mortality in AA men and equalize current racial disparities.
Self-Medication of Paraphilic Ideation Contributing to a Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report.

Abstract: Introduction Paraphilias are a frequently uncomfortable topic for clinicians to encounter during a clinical interview. Autogynephilia, a paraphilic condition characterized by a male’s sexual arousal at the idea of himself as a female, represents a relatively unfamiliar topic in the realm of psychosomatic medicine. Case Details We describe a case of a male patient who obtained medications without prescription, specifically estrogen supplementation, to alleviate the effects of a paraphilic preoccupation that he self-diagnosed as autogynephilia. This is believed to have led to spontaneous bilateral pulmonary emboli formed during hospitalization. Discussion This report calls attention to the abilities of patients to obtain medications from unregulated online sources without physician oversight. In the context of thoughts or behaviors that prove difficult to discuss with clinicians, this may predispose some individuals to putting themselves at significant risk. Conclusions In self-medicating distressing paraphilic ideations for a prolonged period, this individual was predisposed to the hypercoagulable state that resulted in a pulmonary embolism during psychiatric hospitalization.
Genotypic Differences in Networks Supporting Regional Predictors of Speech Rate in Spinocerebellar Ataxia: Preliminary Observations.

Background: Disordered speech production, dysarthria, is a common characteristic of the spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). Although dysarthric features differ across SCAs, a previous analysis revealed...
Towards understanding of delignification of grassy and woody biomass in cholinium-based ionic liquids

The molecular level details of dissolution of lignin in certain ionic liquids (ILs), such as cholinium-based ILs, are a relatively underexplored area and several key details to comprehend the dissolution mechanism are yet to be discovered. To understand, answer, and connect the missing links in the delignification mechanism during biomass pretreatment using cholinium-based ILs we employ COnductor like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to evaluate the interactions between lignin-like model compounds and the anion and cation of several cholinium-based ILs. Initially, lignin dissolution was studied for cholinium-based ILs containing five different carboxylate anions ([For], [Ace], [But], [Hex], and [Oct]) and were compared with lysinate as the anion. The microscopic properties such as interaction energies, activity coefficient, radial and spatial distribution functions (RDF/SDF), and hydrogen bonds and their dynamics were assessed to characterize lignin dissolution in these ILs and were validated with experimental data. Among the anions studied, both octanoate and lysinate containing ILs demonstrated better lignin dissolution; lysinate being the best. The simulation data suggested that [Ch][Lys] has higher affinity for ether linkages of lignin (e.g., β-O-4) than for C–C linkages, which explains the higher delignification of hardwood and grassy biomasses (60–80% C–O–C linkages) in [Ch][Lys].
Gendered Wounds: On Abortion and Partnership in Cuba:

For fifty years, first-trimester abortion has been steadily available, legal, safe, and cost-free in Cuba. But in the context of enduring gender disparity, societal attitudes surrounding the proced...
Landscapes and Soundscapes: How Place Shapes Christian Congregational Song

Following the Second Vatican Counsel (1962–1965), Christian congregational song began to take root in cultures beyond the Western world, especially in Latin America, Asia and Africa. After centuries of song moving from the northern continents to the rest of the world, especially through the modern missionary movement of the eighteenth through the twentieth centuries, this pattern is beginning to be reversed. Gradually song from the southern hemisphere is moving to the northern hemisphere, reflecting the shifting ecclesial demographic patterns of the twenty-first century. This essay samples the broad landscape of congregational song through three lenses: congregational songs that (a) employ images of the natural landscape; (b) reflect the mission of the church; and (c) are sung around the table. Through the varied soundscapes of the church’s song, one gains a broader understanding of the Incarnation of Christ, the One born in one place for all places.
Mutation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 at amino acid 585 on gp41 results in loss of killing by CD8+ A24-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

A human leukocyte antigen A24-restricted CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell clone specific for gp41 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 was isolated from an infected individual. The epitope was localized to amino acids 584 to 591 (YLKDQQLL, NL43 env sequence) of gp41 by using a panel of recombinant vaccinia viruses that contain truncated env genes and synthetic peptides. The clone killed autologous B-lymphoblastoid cell lines pulsed with a synthetic peptide reflecting the sequence of the IIIB and MN strains. This clone, however, failed to kill target cells pulsed with the peptides that have a mutation from Lys to Arg or Gln at amino acid 585 which is present in some prototype human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains, e.g., ADA, JFL, SC, ALA1, BAL1, SF2, VRF, SF33, and WMJ2. This finding that a mutation at amino acid 585 on gp41 results in nonrecognition by human leukocyte antigen A24-restricted CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes suggests that antigenic variation at T-cell epitopes contributes to the failure of immune control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infections.