cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1245: Polyribosome association of tyrosine phosphorylated RACK1 with activated Src regulates translation of specific proteins mediating breast cancer growth and metastasis

Dysregulation of translational control, characterized by aberrant expression of proteins critical for growth and metastatic potential, is emerging as an essential aspect of tumorigenesis. Receptor for activated protein kinase C-1 (RACK1) is a scaffold protein known to coordinate the cellular localization of numerous signaling proteins including PKC and Src, and has recently been identified as an essential ribosome component binding to the head region of the 40S subunit. RACK1 was identified in a mass spectrometry screen of polyribosome proteins from human breast cancer cells demonstrating altered mobility on 2D gel electrophoresis following growth-arresting doses of a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor which suggested that post-translational modifications of ribosome associated RACK1 might selectively influence protein synthesis and cancer cell growth. Polyribosome profiling of MDA-231 and SKBR3 breast cancer cells revealed that while the entire complement of lysate soluble RACK1 was ribosome associated in both cell lines, only RACK1 from the MDA-231 cells appeared significantly tyrosine phosphorylated. Furthermore, tyrosine phosphorylated Src (pTyr-416), while 10 fold more abundant in the SKBR3 untranslated fractions relative to those from MDA-231, was associated with the polyribosome factions of MDA-231 but not those of SKBR3, consistent with previous observations linking activated Src with tyrosine phosphorylated RACK1. Lentiviral delivery of shRNA was used to investigate the functional consequences of selective RACK1 knockdown. In MDA-231 cells, efficient RACK1 knockdown produced complete growth arrest and loss of motility without induction of apoptosis or cell senescence; however, this growth arrested phenotype is associated with near complete loss of cyclin D1 and TGFbetaR1 expression without change in the expression of housekeeping proteins beta-actin and GAPDH. Taken together, these results implicate tyrosine phosphorylated RACK1 in association with polysomal pTyr-Src as translational activators of specific proteins mediating breast cancer proliferation and metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1245.
Light-Activated Toxicity of Erythrosin B to the Apple Maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Reevaluation of Analytical Methods

The light-activated toxic effect of erythrosin B on apple maggot fly was studied in the laboratory. Flies were allowed to feed in the dark on an aqueous solution of erythrosin B in 10% sucrose and were then exposed to light. Mortality, observed at the end of a 6-h exposure period, increased with dose of erythrosin B over the range 500–2,000 ppm but leveled off at higher doses. Mortality also increased with exposure time at 1,000 and 2,000 ppm. Data on survival versus exposure time were analyzed using a logarithmic model previously proposed, but apparently never used, to describe the process by which insects succumb to dye-sensitized photooxidation. With the addition of a parameter representing an exposure-time threshold, this model fit our observations on apple maggot better than the pro bit model, which is usually but we believe inappropriately, applied to data in studies of this type. Insects continued to die after they were returned to the dark following exposure to light, suggesting the existence of a residual effect of the light exposure. This calls into question the standard practice of assessing mortality immediately following the period of light exposure in studies of dye-sensitized photooxidation.
Creep-behavior-based material selection for a clamping spring of ceramic-matrix composite inner-shroud in utility and industrial gas-turbine engines

This paper addresses the problem of materials selection for springs used to clamp an inner shroud segment to the outer shroud block in utility and industrial gas turbine engines. Clamping is achieved through the application of an initial compressive load to the spring. However, since the spring is subjected to high temperature and oxidizing conditions, it experiences creep and surface oxidation. Both of these processes result in the loss of the compressive load within the spring with time. A material selection procedure is developed, which identifies optimum materials (design variables), with respect to the minimum loss in the clamping-spring load (objective function) for a given set of geometrical constraints (i.e. maximum size of the spring is constrained by the outer-shroud cavity which houses the spring) and functional constraints (force retention should persist over the expected life of the inner-shroud segment). Two material selection procedures are devised: (a) one, fairly rigorous and computationa...
Analysis of a temperature- and rainfall-dependent model for malaria transmission dynamics

Abstract A new non-autonomous model is designed and used to assess the impact of variability in temperature and rainfall on the transmission dynamics of malaria in a population. In addition to adding age-structure in the host population and the dynamics of immature malaria mosquitoes, a notable feature of the new model is that recovered individuals do not revert to wholly-susceptible class (that is, recovered individuals enjoy reduced susceptibility to new malaria infection). In the absence of disease-induced mortality, the disease-free solution of the model is shown to be globally-asymptotically stable when the associated reproduction ratio is less than unity. The model has at least one positive periodic solution when the reproduction ratio exceeds unity (and the disease persists in the community in this case). Detailed uncertainty and sensitivity analysis, using mean monthly temperature and rainfall data from KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa, shows that the top three parameters of the model that have the most influence on the disease transmission dynamics are the mosquito carrying capacity, transmission probability per contact for susceptible mosquitoes and human recovery rate. Numerical simulations of the model show that, for the KwaZulu-Natal province, malaria burden increases with increasing mean monthly temperature and rainfall in the ranges ([17–25]°C and [32–110] mm), respectively (and decreases with decreasing mean monthly temperature and rainfall values). In particular, transmission is maximized for mean monthly temperature and rainfall in the ranges [21–25]°C and [95–125] mm. This occurs for a six-month period in KwaZulu-Natal (hence, this study suggests that anti-malaria control efforts should be intensified during this period). It is shown, for the fixed mean monthly temperature of KwaZulu-Natal, that malaria burden decreases whenever the amount of rainfall exceeds a certain threshold value. It is further shown (through sensitivity analysis and numerical simulations) that incorporating host age-structure and reduced susceptibility due to prior malaria infection has marginal effect on the transmission dynamics of the disease.
Firm and erect the Caledonian stood

While popular taste in England took an abrupt turn from French wine to Portuguese during the late Stuart and early Hanoverian era—and luxury claret became the fashionable wine for the English elite—the same was not true in Scotland. In North Britain, as Scotland was sometimes called in the wake of the Union, traditionally made claret (i.e. not the luxury sort) was the predominant wine in aristocratic homes and rustic taverns, from the Highlands to the Lowlands, throughout much of the eighteenth century. This point, seemingly unremarkable given the very real differences in the cultural practices of the two Stuart kingdoms that were united in 1707, is significant for the fact that one of the principal features of the Act of Union was the equalization of duties at the English level for almost all goods, including wine. What allowed the Scots to continue drinking claret was high levels of fraud and smuggling, as well as fraud and smuggling at high levels.
Effects of Guanine, Inosine, and Xanthine Nucleotides on β2-Adrenergic Receptor/Gs Interactions: Evidence for Multiple Receptor Conformations

The aim of our study was to examine the effects of different purine nucleotides [GTP, ITP, and xanthosine 5′-triphosphate (XTP)] on receptor/G protein coupling. As a model system, we used a fusion protein of the β2-adrenergic receptor and the α subunit of the G protein Gs. GTP was more potent and efficient than ITP and XTP at inhibiting ternary complex formation and supporting adenylyl cyclase (AC) activation. We also studied the effects of several β2-adrenergic receptor ligands on nucleotide hydrolysis and on AC activity in the presence of GTP, ITP, and XTP. The efficacy of agonists at promoting GTP hydrolysis correlated well with the efficacy of agonists for stimulating AC in the presence of GTP. This was, however, not the case for ITP hydrolysis and AC activity in the presence of ITP. The efficacy of ligands at stimulating AC in the presence of XTP differed considerably from the efficacies of ligands in the presence of GTP and ITP, and there was no evidence for receptor-regulated XTP hydrolysis. Our findings support the concept of multiple ligand-specific receptor conformations and demonstrate the usefulness of purine nucleotides as tools to study conformational states of receptors.
Utility of multimodality evoked potentials in cerebral injury.

The author provides a summary of well-documented findings regarding the practical application of visual, auditory, and somatosensory evoked potentials to the evaluation of brain function in the comatose head-injured patient. The utility of evoked potentials pertaining to diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of neural function and changes therein is addressed, and some technical modifications enabling the successful application of EPs to the intensive care environment are discussed.
The Ureter as a Peristaltic Pump

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the role of ureter as a peristaltic pump. The resting pressure at all points inside the ureter is the same. There is no average pressure gradient, whether favorable or adverse, that exists in the healthy ureter. The peristaltic motion of the ureter does not produce pressures lower than the resting pressure. Time wise, at any given point inside the ureter, the pressure remains constant at the level of about 4 mm Hg and then suddenly rises to a peak of the order of 30 mm Hg, falling abruptly again to the level of the resting pressure. As urine is being discharged from the calyces into the renal pelvis, the contractile waves will lift very little, if any, urine to the ureterovesical junction. As more urine is produced, the ureter will fill itself by necessity.
Experiments with Cross-lingual Systems for Synthesis of Code-Mixed Text.

Most Text to Speech (TTS) systems today assume that the input is in a single language written in its native script, which is the language that the TTS database is recorded in. However, due to the rise in conversational data available from social media, phenomena such as code-mixing, in which multiple languages are used together in the same conversation or sentence are now seen in text. TTS systems capable of synthesizing such text need to be able to handle multiple languages at the same time, and may also need to deal with noisy input. Previously, we proposed a framework to synthesize code-mixed text by using a TTS database in a single language, identifying the language that each word was from, normalizing spellings of a language written in a non-standardized script and mapping the phonetic space of mixed language to the language that the TTS database was recorded in. We extend this cross-lingual approach to more language pairs, and improve upon our language identification technique. We conduct listening tests to determine which of the two languages being mixed should be used as the target language. We perform experiments for code-mixed Hindi-English and German-English and conduct listening tests with bilingual speakers of these languages. From our subjective experiments we find that listeners have a strong preference for cross-lingual systems with Hindi as the target language for code-mixed Hindi and English text. We also find that listeners prefer cross-lingual systems in English that can synthesize German text for codemixed German and English text.
Wholesale funding and the increase in construction bank-owned real estate in the US financial crisis

The housing crisis left some metropolitan areas littered with partially constructed subdivisions and developments. Most of these failed developments were built by small construction firms reliant o...
Next Steps in Understanding the Obesity Paradox in Cancer.

Although overweight and obesity, assessed by body mass index (BMI), are reliably related to an increased risk of cancer, data on the relationship between BMI and cancer prognosis are inconsistent. An emerging literature suggests that the relationship between BMI and cancer survival is U-shaped and
Voter Identification Laws and Turnout in the United States

This article analyzes voter identification laws in the United States and their effects on voter turnout. Theoretically, there are plausible reasons to hypothesize turnout lowering effects, though there are also reasons to hypothesize those effects might be minimal. Methodologically, there are research design hurdles to clear in order to produce effect estimates that may be attributed to voter identification laws. Empirically, a small number of studies have employed suitable research designs and generally find modest, if any, turnout effects of voter identification laws. This may indicate that voter identification laws have only minor effects on turnout, or it may be due to the fact that the type of voter identification law that may have the most significant effects—a strict photo identification law—is a relatively recent phenomenon. Future elections and the related additional data may make it possible to adjudicate among these possibilities.
Image Registration and Segmentation by Maximizing the Jensen-Renyi Divergence

Information theoretic measures provide quantitative entropic divergences between two probability distributions or data sets. In this paper, we analyze the theoretical properties of the Jensen-Renyi divergence which is defined between any arbitrary number of probability distributions. Using the theory of majorization, we derive its maximum value, and also some performance upper bounds in terms of the Bayes risk and the asymptotic error of the nearest neighbor classifier. To gain further insight into the robustness and the application of the Jensen-Renyi divergence measure in imaging, we provide substantial numerical experiments to show the power of this entopic measure in image registration and segmentation.
Tracer diffusion in active suspensions

We study the diffusion of a Brownian probe particle of size R in a dilute dispersion of active Brownian particles of size a, characteristic swim speed U_0, reorientation time τ_R, and mechanical energy k_sT_s=ζ_aU^2_0τ_R/6, where ζ_a is the Stokes drag coefficient of a swimmer. The probe has a thermal diffusivity D_P=k_BT/ζ_P, where k_BT is the thermal energy of the solvent and ζ_P is the Stokes drag coefficient for the probe. When the swimmers are inactive, collisions between the probe and the swimmers sterically hinder the probe's diffusive motion. In competition with this steric hindrance is an enhancement driven by the activity of the swimmers. The strength of swimming relative to thermal diffusion is set by Pe_s=U_0a/D_P. The active contribution to the diffusivity scales as Pe^2_s for weak swimming and Pe_s for strong swimming, but the transition between these two regimes is nonmonotonic. When fluctuations in the probe motion decay on the time scale τ_R , the active diffusivity scales as k_sT_s/ζ_P: the probe moves as if it were immersed in a solvent with energy k_sT_s rather than k_BT.
Evaluation of cancer-associated myositis and scleroderma autoantibodies in breast cancer patients without rheumatic disease.

Objectives Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) and dermatomyositis are two prototypic autoimmune diseases that are strongly associated with malignancy. While specific autoantibodies in these diseases are markers of an increased risk of cancer at scleroderma and dermatomyositis onset, it is not known whether these autoantibodies are biomarkers of cancer risk in patients without rheumatic disease. Methods In a matched case-control study of women without rheumatic disease, identified from a familial breast cancer cohort, 50 breast cancer cases and 50 controls were assayed for 3 autoantibodies that are known markers of cancer-associated scleroderma and dermatomyositis: anti-RNA polymerase III, anti-NXP2, and anti-TIF1γ. Results No subject had moderate or strong autoantibody positivity. Eleven women were borderline positive for at least one autoantibody. The prevalence of borderline autoantibody positivity did not differ between cases and controls. Conclusions Our results suggest that scleroderma and dermatomyositis autoantibodies are cancer biomarkers only in patients with clinical manifestations of specific rheumatic diseases and are unlikely to improve risk stratification for cancer in the general population. However, prospective studies are needed to examine whether scleroderma and dermatomyositis autoantibodies are markers of malignancy in other cancer types.
The nature of shifting cultivation: Stories of harmony, degradation, and redemption

Shifting cultivation is identified as a major cause of tropical deforestation. Sources that recount such impacts routinely employ an Eden-lost narrative structure that represents shifting cultivators as having their relatively harmonious human-environment relationships disrupted by various forces. While such disruptions lead to land degradation, official development institutions via research into alternatives to such agriculture offer redemption, or the return to relative ecological harmony. This Edenic narrative vehicle allows shifting cultivators to be represented as “primitives” in need of modernization, yet it also more commonly allows a sympathetic representation as holders of valuable, albeit threatened, indigenous knowledge that can be applied to the development of solutions. However, embedded within both hostile and sympathetic accounts from both scientific and policy sources are cultural images that persist as a legacy of colonialist assumptions of social evolution and cultural hierarchy.
Microprocessor control for standardized power control systems

The use of microcomputers in space-oriented power systems as a replacement for existing inflexible analog type controllers has been proposed. This study examines multiprocessor systems, various modularity concepts and presents a conceptualized power system incorporating a multiprocessor controller as well as preliminary results from a breadboard model of the proposed system.
A University and Local School Partnership: Utilizing Tension as a Catalyst for Growth

ABSTRACTIntending to foster a partnership between his university and a local school and to create a new identity as a teacher educator in the community, a newly hired assistant professor of English...
Measurement of the liver iron concentration in transfusional iron overload by MRI R2* and by high-transition-temperature superconducting magnetic susceptometry.

Abstract Purpose To compare measurement of the liver iron concentration in patients with transfusional iron overload by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), using R2*, and by magnetic susceptometry, using a new high-transitiontemperature (high-Tc; operating at 77 K, cooled by liquid nitrogen) superconducting magnetic susceptometer. Methods In 28 patients with transfusional iron overload, 43 measurements of the liver iron concentration were made by both R2* and high-Tc magnetic susceptometry. Results Measurements of the liver iron concentration by R2* and high-Tc magnetic susceptometry were significantly correlated when comparing all patients (Pearson's r = 0.91, p 7 mg Fe/g liver, dry weight (r = 0.93, p = 0.006). In lower ranges of liver iron, no significant correlations between the two methods were found (0 to Conclusion The lack of linear correlation between R2* and magnetic susceptibility measurements of the liver iron concentration with minimal or modest iron overload may be due to the effects of fibrosis and other cellular pathology that interfere with R2* but do not appreciably alter magnetic susceptibility.
Cultural festivals as intergroup settings: a case study of Pacific Islander identification

Addressing the current gap in the literature regarding cultural festivals as a unique site of intergroup discourse, we invoke social identity and group vitality theories to explore the effect of attending an international cultural festival on members of different groups. A total of 143 participants at the 2016 Festival of Pacific Arts in Guam completed surveys and interviews concerning identity salience. Measures of ethnic identity and meta-identity salience both increased (and interacted) after participation in the Festival, and the region of origin also had moderating effects. Standard paradigms regarding single identity salience are discussed as well as future avenues for intercultural work.
Electrolysis Activation of Fused-Filament-Fabrication 3D-Printed Electrodes for Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Analysis

Following the expiration of the patents on fused-filament-fabrication (FFF), the availability and uses of this 3D-printing technology have exploded. Several recent reports describe how conductive composites can be used with FFF printers to generate 3D-printed electrodes (3DEs) for energy storage and electrochemical analysis. As printed materials, these electrodes have very high impedance values because of the high content of insulating thermoplastic required for FFF printers. To overcome this challenge, deposition of metals or activation with harsh chemicals has previously been employed. Here, a benign postprinting process was developed using the electrolysis of water to selectively remove the insulating thermoplastic (polylactic acid) via saponification. Optimization of the hydroxide-treatment process was found to reduce the impedance of 3DEs by 3 orders of magnitude in filaments from two manufacturers. This electrolysis-activation strategy offers a safe, accessible, and affordable means for improving the electrochemical performance of 3DEs. Here, the ability of these modified 3DEs to be used for electrochemical analysis and integrated into complex electrochemical cells is demonstrated.
Blending Human and Machine: Feasibility of Measuring Fatigue Through the Aviation Headset:

ObjectiveTo determine viability of drowsiness detection, researchers study the feasibility of photoplethysmogram (PPG) data collection from the geography of the aviation headset, correlating to ele...
Bupropion Overdose Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock Requiring Vasopressor Support and Lipid Emulsion Therapy.

Abstract Background Bupropion overdose is a commonly encountered presentation in the emergency department (ED). While the majority of cases resolve with supportive care, serious adverse effects, including seizures, cardiogenic shock, and death, can occur. Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy has been utilized for a multitude of poisonings with varying levels of success. Although a number of cases suggest the value of ILE therapy in cases of bupropion overdose, more recent data propose that its role may be overstated. Case Report A young woman presented to the ED with altered mental status complicated by seizure after bupropion overdose. She subsequently developed cardiogenic shock requiring vasopressor support. Bedside echocardiogram revealed a decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). She received ILE therapy with significant improvement in both hemodynamic status and LVEF by bedside ultrasound. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Although the majority of patients presenting with bupropion overdose improve with supportive care, life-threatening sequelae are possible. ILE therapy has shown promise in a variety of different overdose situations, although the evidence in cases of bupropion poisoning has been varied, and it has traditionally been utilized as a last-line rescue modality. Based on hemodynamic parameters and bedside ultrasound, this case suggests that early initiation of ILE therapy should be considered in these cases, as the potential benefits likely outweigh the theoretical risks.
CHAPTER 1 – Number Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a number system, which is a scheme for representing positive integers. The system that human beings have used most is based on the integer 10, presumably because people have 10 fingers or digits. All the digit-by-digit algorithms for arithmetic have the same form in any base as they have in decimal. Although many digital computers use a mode of arithmetic in which all sequences of digits are interpreted as integers, others are so designed that all such sequences are interpreted as fractions. The number of significant digits retained determines the accuracy of the rounded-off number. If simple truncation of the sequence is used, an accuracy that depends on the base and the number of digits used are obtained.
A New Approach of Minimizing Midas Touch Problem for a Tracer-Free Tongue-Controlled Assistive Technology

Tongue-controlled assistive technologies (ATs) have a great potential to improve the quality of life for people with severe disabilities. Current tongue-controlled ATs, however, require either a tracer to be attached on the tongue or a complicated gesture/mechanism to avoid issuing commands unintendedly during routine intraoral events ( e.g., tongue resting, swallowing, and speaking), which poses a high entry barrier to potential users. In this study, we propose a tracer-free tongue-controlled AT using four optical distance sensors and one ambient light sensor with a multi-sensor data fusion algorithm to distinguish the intended tongue contacts from the unintended ones. Eleven healthy human subjects participated in the study to evaluate the performance using the proposed technology in masking unintendedly-issued commands and navigating a mouse cursor on a computer. The proposed multi-sensor data fusion algorithm could mask 100%, 86.99%, and 99.50% of unintendedly-issued commands during tongue resting, swallowing, and speaking, respectively. The efficacy of the tongue commands in mouse navigation was evaluated by command-issuing task and maze-navigation task. The participants could issue tongue commands in a random order with 97.16±0.94% of accuracy. The completion time and the sum of deviation of the maze-navigation task were 31.36±2.74 s and 9.38±0.85 pixel2, respectively. The subjects’ performance on computer-access tasks, using the proposed tracer-free tongue-controlled technology, is at the level of the performance measured with existing tracer-based tongue-controlled technologies, while securing robustness in masking commands, unintendedly issued during routine intraoral events. Results of this preliminary study suggest that the tracer-free implementation is feasible option for the tongue-controlled ATs.
Restorying through Computational Quilts: A Critical Approach Towards Reimagining Computer Science

While much attention has focused on promoting computational thinking in K-12 CS education, much less attention has been paid to the equally significant dimension of what it means to identify with the discipline. Previous approaches to CS identity have mostly focused on getting students to reveal their identifications in the form of drawings or survey responses, while more recent approaches have started to examine narratives in a field that historically has marginalized women and students of color. My dissertation seeks to broaden participation in computing by creating access for groups who have historically and structurally been excluded from CS. While learning computational skills and designing interactive paper quilts, high school students of color will draw upon their lived experiences to reimagine new connections and stories about CS. Using video observations and field notes, students' reflective worksheets and artifacts, and student interviews, I will explore what happens when youth of color use CS skills and digital technologies to "restory" their CS identities, the kinds of metanarratives about CS and computer scientists youth identify, and what the process of restorying looks like in practice.
Reinforced potassium and ammonium storage of the polyimide anode in acetate-based water-in-salt electrolytes

Abstract Aqueous K+ and NH4+ ion batteries are emerging as promising alternatives for energy storage; however, the lack of excellent anode materials limits their development. Here we demonstrate a polyimide material as an appealing anode in “water-in-salt” (WiS) electrolytes of potassium acetate and ammonium acetate. Specifically, this anode delivers a high capacity of ~140 mAh g−1, a high rate capability of 200C, and outstanding cycling of 30,000 cycles for K+ storage. Interestingly, it exhibits an even higher capacity of ~160 mAh g−1, a comparable rate capability of 100C, and excellent cycling of 30,000 cycles for NH4+ storage. Such electrochemical performance surpasses that in conventional diluted electrolytes, which highlights the benefits of WiS electrolytes in bolstering ion storage properties.
Microwave measurements of rotational transitions and nitrogen quadrupole coupling for 2-aminopyridine

Abstract The high-resolution microwave rotational spectrum was measured for 2-aminopyridine in the 4.5–13.2 GHz range using a pulsed beam Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. The measured transitions for the parent isotopologue in the 0+ vibrational state of the amino group inversion vibration were used to determine accurate rotational constants and quadrupole coupling constants for the two 14N atoms in the molecule. The molecular parameters determined for the 2-aminopyridine in 0+ vibrational state have the following values: A = 5780.374(1) MHz, B = 2733.5017(3) MHz, C = 1857.6768(3) MHz, 1.5χaa (14N1) = 3.5789(45) MHz, 0.25(χbb – χcc) (14N1) = 1.5033(24)MHz, 1.5χaa (14N2) = -0.0958(70) MHz, and 0.25(χbb – χcc) (14N2) = −1.1615(21) MHz. The measured quadrupole coupling constants are in excellent agreement with those calculated using different computational methods and basis sets. It is noted that the calculation using the MP2 functional with cc-pvDz basis set closely reproduces the experimental values for quadrupole coupling constants for the two 14N atoms.
Incarcerated Mothers and Their Children: Implications for Policy and Practice

This chapter integrates findings about maternal involvement in the criminal justice system presented in the Brief’s six empirical chapters with what is previously known about incarcerated mothers and their children. We apply an intergenerational developmental ecological perspective to the results and discuss the attachment-related themes of separation, loss, and reunion that were addressed in the introduction. We also highlight important points from each chapter and attempt to integrate where there are intersections among issues related to prevention and intervention, gender-responsive programs, and themes of trauma, addiction, child welfare involvement, low-resource environments, and resilience. We briefly touch on issues related to the worldwide novel coronavirus pandemic and the Black Lives Matter movement as related to this volume and the study of incarcerated mothers and their children. Lastly, we present policy and practice implications of the research, including implications for prevention efforts for mothers involved in the criminal justice system and their children and families.
Synthesis, characterization and CO2 adsorption studies of DABCO based pillared Zn-BDC and Co-BDC metal organic frameworks

This study focuses on pre-synthetic functionalized MOF material normally known as pillared layer MOFs. An additional component DABCO (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2] octane) is added to the MOFs which works as a pillar to produce 3D structured MOFs. Zn-BDC-DABCO and Co-BDC-DABCO were studied for their performance in CO2 capture application. The addition of DABCO turns the 2D-layered metal-BDC lattice into a 3D structure with enhanced performance for CO2 capture. The MOFs were characterized using XRD, SEM, TGA, FTIR, and BET, and the CO2 capture capacity was tested at 25°C and 0-25 bar. Zn-BDC-DABCO and Co-BDC-DABCO showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 6.3 and 4.4 mmol/g CO2.
Attitudes toward harm reduction among substance use treatment professionals in Philadelphia

Philadelphia has increasingly adopted Harm Reduction (HR) strategies which, despite reducing morbidity and mortality, remain controversial. This study examines attitudes toward HR among substance u...
Compensating for Unmodeled Forces using Neural Networks in Soft Manipulator Planning

Soft manipulators made of deformable materials have great promise in applications that require additional flexibility and compliance; however, these characteristics also make them difficult to simulate accurately and quickly. The lack of a fast and accurate simulator prevents motion planners from generating feasible plans, which would enable soft robots to achieve more complex tasks, such as manipulation. In this work, we propose combining a simplified quasistatic model with a neural network that learns to compensate for unmodeled forces, such as friction and loads, in order to create a fast forward model for soft manipulators with multiple segments. We show that the resulting neural network model reduces average end effector position error by 62% compared to the quasistatic model, while still being fast enough for motion planning. We also incorporate this model into an RRT*-based planner and demonstrate that the plans generated using our model are more likely to be feasible when executed on hardware than plans generated with a simulator using the quasistatic model.
Cooperative hydrophobe aggregation mediated by interfacially active alcohols

Abstract The aggregation of isobutane and toluene in aqueous solutions of 5 wt% alcohols of varying polarity is studied using molecular dynamic simulations. In the absence of alcohol these hydrophobes are predominantly monomeric in water with minimal clustering. Simple alcohols like methanol and ethanol barely perturb the hydrophobe cluster size distribution. More complex alcohols with added carbon and hydroxyl units, on the other hand, can induce cooperative aggregation of the hydrophobic solutes and alcohols, with mean cluster sizes greater than that observed for the hydrophobes or alcohols alone. The tendency for an alcohol to induce cooperative aggregation is strongly correlated with its affinity for sitting at an oil/water interface, as quantified by the free energy of transferring a single alcohol molecule from bulk water to a water/octane interface. The onset of aggregation occurs over a narrow range of adsorption free energies centered about −3.2 kcal/mol. Alcohols with adsorption free energies below this value tend to promote hydrophobic aggregation, and alcohols with adsorption free energies above this value are indifferent to aggregation. The tendency for alcohols to induce hydrophobic aggregation is also correlated with their tendency to lower the size selective barrier to transport of cargo greater than ∼30 kDa in mass across the nuclear pore complex in eukaryotic cells, which regulates traffic between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The transport barrier within the central channel of the nuclear pore complex is composed of tangled natively unfolded proteins with repeat sequences rich in leucine and phenyalanine, which isobutane and toluene are side chain analogs of. Our results suggest interfacial active alcohols promote leucine and phenyalanine aggregation, subsequently opening holes within the nuclear pore complex’s transport barrier to provide alternate routes for cargo translocation.
Millennial Leadership: The Oppositional Relationship between Leadership Type and the Quality of Database System's Development in Virtual Environments

The development of information systems is a difficult process that often ends in failing to meet the project's initial goals. Typical outcomes for information systems development projects include delivering promised products & services on time and within budget. These pressures are now compounded by the use of virtual teams that present a new set of challenges related to the cohesion, organization, and functioning of the team process. Specifically, virtual teams must contend with problems in team formation, the organizational environment in which the team operates, and the technology used for collaboration and communication. As more organizations use virtual teams, these problems present real and pressing obstacles to the successful completion of database systems development. The goal of the study was to determine whether leadership type, transformational, transactional, or management-by-exception was significantly related to leadership effectiveness in a virtual team tasked with developing a database management system. This study targeted millennial students at the Maine Business School who were assigned to virtual teams tasked with developing a database management system. Specifically, this study sought to answer three hypotheses: 1 what is the effect of leadership type, as self-reported through the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire on the quality of completed team projects?; 2 What is the impact of type of leadership on virtual team effectiveness as measured by the Virtual Teams Survey?; and, 3 Are there interactions between leadership style and virtual team effectiveness on the quality and uniqueness of the completed team project? Findings suggest leadership style and virtual team effectiveness did predict project quality, Transformational and Management-by-exception leadership styles had a negative relationship with virtual team effectiveness. Findings further suggest that Transactional leadership style influenced project quality directly, while transformational and management-by-exception styles influenced project quality indirectly through their direct influence on virtual team effectiveness. These findings suggest that traditionally effective leadership types do not work well for Millennial Generation teams in virtual environments
An Adaptive Nonlinear Control Strategy for Photolithography

A closed-loop adaptive control technique for photolithography is proposed and evaluated, In this strategy, development time is manipulated in order to keep the output critical dimension at a desired value despite the disruptive effects of unmeasured process disturbances. The adaptive control strategy incorporates a three parameter reduced-order model of the photo-lithography process, a parameter estimator, and a nonlinear model-based controller. Simulation studies show that the adaptive controller is able to reject the detrimental effects of process disturbances and bring the critical dimension back to its desired value. In the simulations, PROLITH was used to represent the real lithography process.
Managing in a distributed world

The task of networked systems management has become increasingly complex in recent years. Reducing this complexity and permitting easy management are major challenges to the acceptance of networked systems and applications. This paper introduces a language for describing these systems and applications and gives an example of its use.
Nonlinear optics in hollow-core photonic crystal fibers

Photonic band-gap fibers offer the potential of nonlinear interactions with gases over distances exceeding 100 meters and laser intensities exceeding 10/sup 13/ W/cm/sup 2/, thus allowing for unexplored regimes of nonlinear optics.
If Detroit Is Dead, Some Things Need to Be Said at the Funeral

A growing literature has long proclaimed the city of Detroit to be “dead.” Of course cities, unlike sentient beings, do not actually die even if they dramatically lose industry and population and t...
Eclamptogenic toxemia: The development of an experimental model in the subhuman primate

Abstract A review has been made of some of the more important contributions to the development of knowledge as to the pathogenesis of eclamptogenic toxemia. Since all of the animal work to date has been carried out in lower animals, in this study an attempt has been made to develop a condition similar to eclamptogenic toxemia in the baboon. Weck hemoclips were placed around the uterine arteries so as to produce chronic, experimental, uterine artery stenosis. The ovarian arteries were transected so that this source of collateral blood supply would be eliminated. When the baboons became pregnant, hypertension and proteinuria were consistent findings during the third trimester. The renal artery flow was also markedly reduced. Although in the histopathologic studies no distinctive renal lesion could be seen, and no evidence of DIC could be demonstrated, heavy deposits of fibrin or fibrinogen were present in the glomeruli of the hypertensive baboons as shown by immunofluorescence studies. These findings lend over-all support to the view that it is possible to develop a “toxemia model” in the subhuman primate.
Surgical Management of Follicular Cancer

Follicular thyroid cancers are derived from follicular epithelium within the thyroid gland, accounting for about 10% of all thyroid cancers, but this percentage seems to be decreasing (1). Follicular thyroid cancers differ from the more common follicular adenomas because the follicular cells in the cancers invade the vessels, capsule, or both. Most follicular thyroid cancers have a microfollicular histological pattern, and some are associated with RAS and PAX8/PPARγ mutations. These tumors are usually unifocal and encapsulated. In contrast to papillary thyroid cancers that often metastasize to regional lymph nodes, follicular thyroid cancers infrequently involve the lymph nodes (<10% of patients) but more frequently hematogenously metastasize to lung and bones (2). Follicular thyroid tumors that contain papillary elements are considered to be papillary thyroid cancer, as are follicular variants of papillary thyroid cancer (FVPTC) (3).
High speed, fine resolution pattern generation using the matched delay technique

This paper presents an architecture for generating a high-speed data pattern with precise edge placement (resolution) by using the matched delay technique. The technique involves passing clock and data signals through arrays of matched delay elements in such a way that the data rate and resolution of the generated data stream are controlled by the difference of these matched delays. This difference can be made much smaller than an absolute gate delay. Since the resolution of conventional designs is determined by these absolute delays, the matched delay technique yields a much finer resolution as well as higher speeds than traditional methods. The matched delay technique lends itself to high-precision and high-speed applications such as fast network interfaces or test pattern generators. This paper also describes a matched delay data generator submitted for fabrication in a MOSIS 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Simulations indicate that data signals with on-chip bit rates of 833 Mb/s and resolutions of 100 ps can be generated.
Measurement of HbA1c in Gingival Crevicular Blood Using a High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography Procedure.

Objective: To validate an ion exchange high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for measuring glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in gingival crevicular blood (GCB) spotted on filter paper, for use in screening dental patients for diabetes. Methods We collected the GCB specimens for this study from the oral cavities of patients during dental visits, using rigorous strategies to obtain GCB that was as free of debris as possible. The analytical performance of the HPLC method was determined by measuring the precision, linearity, carryover, stability of HbA1c in GCB, and correlation of HbA1c results in GCB specimens with finger-stick blood (FSB) specimens spotted on filter paper. Results The coefficients of variation (CVs) for the inter- and intrarun precision of the method were less than 2.0%. Linearity ranged between 4.2% and 12.4%; carryover was less than 2.0%, and the stability of the specimen was 6 days at 4°C and as many as 14 days at −70°C. Linear regression analysis comparing the HbA1c results in GCB with FSB yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.993, a slope of 0.981, and an intercept of 0.13. The Bland-Altman plot showed no difference in the HbA1c results from the GCB and FSB specimens at normal, prediabetes, and diabetes HbA1c levels. Conclusion: We validated an HPLC method for measuring HbA1c in GCB; this method can be used to screen dental patients for diabetes. * CDC : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HbA1c : glycated hemoglobin NGSP : National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program IFCC : International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine EDTA : ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid DBS, dried blood spot, HPLC, high-pressure liquid chromatography, GCB, gingival crevicular blood, NYU : New York University CUMC : Columbia University Medical Center FSB, finger-stick blood, WBS, whole blood specimens, WB : whole blood CVs : coefficients of variation r2 : correlation coefficients AUC : area under the curve CI : confidence interval ND : not determined RT : room temperature
A New Proof of Menelaus's Theorem of Hyperbolic Quadrilaterals in the Poincare Model of Hyperbolic Geometry

In this study, we present a proof of the Menelaus theorem for quadrilaterals in hyperbolic geometry, and a proof for the transversal theorem for triangles.
Kernel fusion for better image deblurring

Kernel estimation for image deblurring is a challenging task and a large number of algorithms have been developed. Our hypothesis is that while individual kernels estimated using different methods alone are sometimes inadequate, they often complement each other. This paper addresses the problem of fusing multiple kernels estimated using different methods into a more accurate one that can better support image deblurring than each individual kernel. In this paper, we develop a data-driven approach to kernel fusion that learns how each kernel contributes to the final kernel and how they interact with each other. We discuss various kernel fusion models and find that kernel fusion using Gaussian Conditional Random Fields performs best. This Gaussian Conditional Random Fields-based kernel fusion method not only models how individual kernels are fused at each kernel element but also the interaction of kernel fusion among multiple kernel elements. Our experiments show that our method can significantly improve image deblurring by combining kernels from multiple methods into a better one.
The storage of hard-packed red blood cells in citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) and CPD-adenine (CPDA-1).

The preservation of red cells “hard packed” to a hematocrit of over 80% from blood collected in citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) or CPD-adenine (CPDA-1) has been investigated. After 21 days of storage, cells that had been collected in CPD solution had consumed most or all of the available glucose and manifested markedly impaired viability after reinfusion into the normal donor. In contrast, red cells prepared from blood collected in CPDA-1, a medium containing supplementary adenine and an increased amount of glucose, maintained higher glucose and adenosine triphosphate levels and, in most instances, manifested satisfactory posttransfusion viability. We emphasize that in addition to providing longer shelf life of stored blood, CPDA-1 provides a better hard-packed red cell concentrate for transfusion at 21 days.