cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How Does Building Occupancy Influence Energy Efficiency of HVAC Systems

Abstract Occupancy (presence and number of occupants) is one of the most important factors impacting energy efficiency of HVAC systems as occupancy determines heating/cooling loads on the demand side by varying conditioning periods and settings. Despite the high volume of research activities in demand-driven HVAC controls, how and when occupancy should be linked with heating/cooling loads for sustained and maximum efficiency are still not clear as occupancy is stochastic in nature, and there exists heat transfer and balance among zones, as well as heat gain and loss through a building's envelope. There is no solution to date that can be directly applied in different buildings with different HVAC systems and occupancies. This paper systematically investigates how the occupancy influences the energy efficiency of HVAC systems. Specifically, the influence is analyzed from three perspectives of occupancy transitions, variations, and heterogeneity. The results demonstrated the energy significance of the three perspectives and provided the general ways of quantifying the influences of occupancy.
Defining the Catechol–Cation Synergy for Enhanced Wet Adhesion to Mineral Surfaces

Mussel foot proteins (Mfps) exhibit remarkably adaptive adhesion and bridging between polar surfaces in aqueous solution despite the strong hydration barriers at the solid–liquid interface. Recently, catechols and amines—two functionalities that account for >50 mol % of the amino acid side chains in surface-priming Mfps—were shown to cooperatively displace the interfacial hydration and mediate robust adhesion between mineral surfaces. Here we demonstrate that (1) synergy between catecholic and guanidinium side chains similarly promotes adhesion, (2) increasing the ratio of cationic amines to catechols in a molecule reduces adhesion, and (3) the catechol–cation synergy is greatest when both functionalities are present within the same molecule.
Breeding habitat of a declining shorebird in a changing environment

Sub-arctic environments are undergoing rapid changes. For instance, woody shrubs are encroaching into previously open habitats, and booming goose (Chen caerulescens and Branta canadensis) populations are creating vast areas of bare mud. Across the region, these changes are likely to diminish the amount and quality of breeding habitat for imperiled arctic- and sub-arctic-breeding shorebirds, including the Hudsonian Godwit (Limosa haemastica). We studied godwit nest site selection at two study areas—Churchill, Manitoba, Canada, and Beluga River, Alaska, USA—to identify differences in habitat preferences between the two populations and determine the degree to which each avoided woody vegetation and non-vegetated areas. We used multivariate analyses to evaluate differences in microhabitat between nest sites and random sites within and between each study area. Godwits at both areas selected nest sites characterized by higher amounts of graminoid and shrubby cover with fewer non-vegetated areas than random locations. Habitat attributes preferred by godwits are expected to become less available as the climate changes and as geese continue to degrade arctic and sub-arctic ecosystems.
Spiritual Kinship in an Age of Dissent: Pigeon Fanciers in Darwin’s England

This chapter examines changing ideas of religion, kinship, and science among a historical community of pigeon fanciers in London who contributed to Charles Darwin’s research on reproduction. These Dissenters mobilized antisectarian religious ideals to serve universalizing scientific inquiries some hoped might elucidate the plan of Creation. Drawing on moral convictions about truth and trust common to their evaluations of birds and breeders, they formed close friendships counted as kinship in England and preserved in the language of the King James Bible. Feeley-Harnik considers why Darwin chose a bird exemplifying spirituality to make scientific arguments about the kinship of all creatures.
Ronald Dworkin: The “Hart–Dworkin” Debate: A Short Guide for the Perplexed

For the past four decades, Anglo-American legal philosophy has been preoccupied - some might say obsessed - with something called the "Hart-Dworkin" debate. Since the appearance in 1967 of "The Model of Rules I," Ronald Dworkin's seminal critique of H.L.A. Hart's theory of legal positivism, countless books and articles have been written either defending Hart against Dworkin's objections or defending Dworkin against Hart's defenders. My purpose in this essay is not to declare an ultimate victor; rather it is to identify precisely the core issue around which the debate is organized. Is the Hart-Dworkin debate, for example, about whether the law contains principles, as well as rules? Or does it concern whether judges have discretion in hard cases? Is it about the proper way to interpret legal texts in the American legal system? Or is it about the very possibility of conceptual jurisprudence? Although trying to capture the essence of a philosophical debate can be tricky, I think that there is an important unity to the Hart-Dworkin debate that can be described in a relatively straightforward manner. I suggest that the debate is organized around one of the most profound issues in the philosophy of law, namely, the relation between legality and morality. Dworkin's basic strategy throughout the course of the debate has been to argue that, in one form or another, legality is ultimately determined not by social facts alone, but by moral facts as well. This contention directly challenges, and threatens to undermine, the positivist picture about the nature of law, in which legality is never determined by morality, but solely by social practice. As one might expect, the response by Hart and his followers has been to argue that this dependence of legality on morality is either merely apparent or does not, in fact, undermine the social foundations of law. The Hart-Dworkin debate, I also try to show, is not a monolithic entity. In the second half of the paper, I describe how Dworkin modified his critique to circumvent the responses of Hart's followers, thereby inaugurating a new phase in the debate. Virtually no attention, however, has been paid to this latter challenge, which is especially surprising given that none of the previous positivistic defenses are helpful against it. I then sketch out a possible response positivists might offer to this extremely powerful objection.
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: A new eating disorder diagnosis in the diagnostic and statistical manual 5

Purpose of reviewAvoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a new eating disorder diagnosis in the 5th edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM-5), published in 2013. The purpose of this review is to describe the creation of ARFID as a diagnostic category, and to explain the D
Going beyond the Gap between Theory and Practice: Rethinking Teacher Reflection with Poststructural Insights.

ABSTRACTThis article aims to formulate and answer the question of how insights from poststructuralism can inform our pedagogy of reflection that is based on the inseparability between theory and practice. To meaningfully situate this discussion in the context of preservice teachers’ reflection on their community-based field experience, we draw on our own teaching experiences in the U.S. early childhood teacher education programs. In this article, we provide illustrative examples of several strategies we have found useful in helping preservice teachers engage with poststructurally inspired, theoretical reflection or reflective practice to examine their multiple and competing discourses that shape their understandings, relationships, and interactions with themselves and the children in their field sites such as Head Start programs and homeless shelters. In this process, we highlight how preservice teachers began to rethink their “at risk” discourse concerning children, coming from certain racial/ethnic, lan...
An Evidence-Based Model of Virtual Team Training and Development

The purpose of this article is to outline a training regimen for virtual team members and leaders, based on prior literature on the particular issues and unique skills necessary for individuals who work in this type of environment. The training program proposes four main modules, beginning with introductory training via a kickoff meeting, followed by subsequent modules that delve into factors that have been shown to be crucial for virtual team success. The study's approach provides guidance on the design and execution of various in-person and virtual training sessions, including content, potential delivery modes, timing, and assessment of learning objectives. In total, the proposed training program is designed to be flexible in terms of project types e.g., engineering, information technology, product development but is well-suited for virtual teams and employees who work extensively in a virtual environment.
Lymphohistiocytic nodules caused by luetic infection

Abstract The histological diagnosis of luetic lymphadenitis remains challenging for the pathologists particularly when the pertinent clinical information is lacking. Here we report a case of a 23-year-old male, an immigrant from South America, who had a history of epithelioid hemangioma, presented with a painless enlarged left inguinal lymph node. In addition to the characteristic follicular hyperplasia and capsular thickening, lymphohistiocytic nodules are also seen. Recognition of such rare nodular proliferation can be helpful in diagnosing luetic lymphadenitis.
Robustness and universality of surface states in Dirac materials.

Ballistically propagating topologically protected states harbor exotic transport phenomena of wide interest. Here we describe a nontopological mechanism that produces such states at the surfaces of generic Dirac materials, giving rise to propagating surface modes with energies near the bulk band crossing. The robustness of surface states originates from the unique properties of Dirac–Bloch wavefunctions which exhibit strong coupling to generic boundaries. Surface states, described by Jackiw–Rebbi-type bound states, feature a number of interesting properties. Mode dispersion is gate tunable, exhibiting a wide variety of different regimes, including nondispersing flat bands and linear crossings within the bulk bandgap. The ballistic wavelike character of these states resembles the properties of topologically protected states; however, it requires neither topological restrictions nor additional crystal symmetries. The Dirac surface states are weakly sensitive to surface disorder and can dominate edge transport at the energies near the Dirac point.
Flavorings in Tobacco Products Induce Endothelial Cell Dysfunction.

Objective— Use of alternative tobacco products including electronic cigarettes is rapidly rising. The wide variety of flavored tobacco products available is of great appeal to smokers and youth. Th...
General Principles of Biological Intervention Following Trauma

This chapter presents our view of state of the art biological principles for the evaluation and treatment of traumatic stress disorders. The lion’s share of the biological literature on traumatic stress deals with patients suffering from chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (APA, 1987, 1994). There are a range of mental health problems that may follow traumatic events, and it is not clear that each problem shares the same biological characteristics. Therefore, these recommendations may not be generalizable to all patients dealing with the aftermath of a traumatic event.
Neutron Transmission Measurement and Resonance Analysis of 93Zr from 60 to 6000 eV

Neutron transmission through a zirconium oxide sample containing the radioactive 93Zr isotope was measured by pulsed neutron time of flight. R matrix parameters for some of the resonances up to 6-k...
Aligned Conducting Polymer Nanotubes for Neural Prostheses

The long-term performance of neural microelectrodes relies on biocompatibility and sensitivity of the electrode-tissue interface. Current neural electrodes are limited by poor electrical performance including high initial impedance and low charge storage capacity. In addition, they are mechanically hard which causes cellular reactive response to the implanted electrode. In this report, we have demonstrated a new templating method for fabrication of highly aligned conducting polymer nanotube. The structure of nanotubes can be precisely modulated by varying the time of electropolymerization. The electrical performance of poly(pyrrole) (PPY) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophine) (PEDOT) nanotubes including impedance and charge storage capacity were studied and compared as the surface morphology and structure of nanotube varied during the fabrication process. PEDOT nanotubes were found to have lower impedance than PPY nanotubes. By contrast, PPY nanotubes were shown to have higher charge storage capacity. These finding suggest that aligned conducting polymer nanotubes may enhance the long-term performance of neural microelectrodes.
Diagnosing Sorites arguments

This is a discussion of Delia Fara’s theory of vagueness, and of its solution to the Sorites paradox, criticizing some of the details of the account, but agreeing that its central insight will be a part of any solution to the problem. I also consider a wider range of philosophical puzzles that involve arguments that are structurally similar to the argument of the Sorites paradox, and argue that the main ideas of her account of vagueness helps to respond to some of those puzzles.
Learning to rank for information retrieval (LR4IR 2009)

From the experiences of running those two workshops, we have found that there is a community emerging, consisting of people from both academia and industry and including both researchers and practitioners. They have rich experiences of IRand machine learning, and are also deeply interested in the learning to rank technologies. We have, therefore, organized a workshop on the same theme again, in conjunction with SIGIR 2009. The main purpose remains to bring together IR researchers and ML researchers working on or interested in the technologies, and enable them to share their latest research results, to express their opinions on the related issues, and to discuss future directions.
Similarity Learning with Higher-Order Graph Convolutions for Brain Network Analysis

Learning a similarity metric has gained much attention recently, where the goal is to learn a function that maps input patterns to a target space while preserving the semantic distance in the input space. While most related work focused on images, we focus instead on learning a similarity metric for neuroimages, such as fMRI and DTI images. We propose an end-to-end similarity learning framework called Higher-order Siamese GCN for multi-subject fMRI data analysis. The proposed framework learns the brain network representations via a supervised metric-based approach with siamese neural networks using two graph convolutional networks as the twin networks. Our proposed framework performs higher-order convolutions by incorporating higher-order proximity in graph convolutional networks to characterize and learn the community structure in brain connectivity networks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first community-preserving similarity learning framework for multi-subject brain network analysis. Experimental results on four real fMRI datasets demonstrate the potential use cases of the proposed framework for multi-subject brain analysis in health and neuropsychiatric disorders. Our proposed approach achieves an average AUC gain of 75% compared to PCA, an average AUC gain of 65.5% compared to Spectral Embedding, and an average AUC gain of 24.3% compared to S-GCN across the four datasets, indicating promising application in clinical investigation and brain disease diagnosis.
Detailed investigations of dissolved hydrogen and hydrogen mass transfer in a biotrickling filter for upgrading biogas

This study investigated the hydrogen mass transfer limitations in a biotrickling filter inoculated with hydrogenotrophic methanogens for biogas upgrading. A highly sensitive dissolved hydrogen probe allowed measuring concentrations in real-time. Experiments were conducted to test the mass transfer resistance in the gas and liquid films. Results demonstrated that the main resistance resides in the trickling liquid film and that promoting direct gas-biofilm mass transfer could improve upgrading performance by about 20%. Increasing the gas velocity (keeping a constant gas contact time) lowered the upgrading capacity. This was explained by the lowering of the concentration to the average concentration throughout the bed, which resulted a lower reaction rate. At extended gas contact times, the bioreactor shifted from microbial to diffusion limitation, causing lower upgrading capacities. Methane-containing biogas mimics (H2/CH4/CO2) were successfully upgraded to natural gas pipeline standards (>97% methane) with only minor performance reduction compared to upgrading just a H2/CO2 mixture.
Explicit points on y2 + xy − tdy = x3 and related character sums

Let Fq denote a finite field of characteristic p≥5 and let d=q+1. Let Ed denote the elliptic curve over the function field Fq2(t) defined by the equation y2+xy−tdy=x3. Its rank is q when q≡1mod3 and its rank is q−2 when q≡2mod3. We describe an explicit method for producing points on this elliptic curve. In case q≢11mod12, our method produces points which generate a full-rank subgroup. Our strategy for producing rational points on Ed makes use of a dominant map from the degree d Fermat surface over Fq2 to the elliptic surface associated to Ed. We in turn study lines on the Fermat surface Fd using certain multiplicative character sums which are interesting in their own right. In particular, in the q≡7mod12 case, a character sum argument shows that we can generate a full-rank subgroup using μd-translates of a single rational point.
Stakeholder Engagement Strategies After an Exogenous Shock: How Philip Morris and R. J. Reynolds Adapted Differently to the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement:

This study contributes to understanding stakeholder engagement strategies by examining competitive responses alongside sociopolitical implications after a major exogenous shock—the 1998 Master Sett...
Virtualized Active Learning for Undergraduate Engineering Disciplines (VALUED):A Pilot in a Large Enrollment STEM Classroom

This student poster paper presents an innovative practice in order to increase the scalability and efficacy of student problem-based team learning in large enrollment engineering classrooms. We have devised a novel Virtualized Active Learning (VAL) approach to facilitate instructional delivery, assessment, and review of teams. VAL introduces a new pathway by utilizing open-source digital environments for effective and scalable teambased learning in classroom settings while empowering equitable participation from diverse learners. The proposed method provides a unique opportunity for learners to acquire knowledge and skills that are considered vital in STEM fields such as working in multidisciplinary teams proficiently and communicating with other team members in an effective manner. Meanwhile, they are engaged in finding an optimal solution to a design problem that requires certain specific constraints to be adequately met. The results of our pilot study indicate excellent potential for VAL in large enrollment STEM courses while facilitating the instructors to provide assistance and feedback to students in real-time.
The Optimal Allocation of Resources among Heterogeneous Individuals

A planner has Atkinson-CES preference aggregation over individual outcomes and allocates W units of discrete or bounded-continuous resources among N candidate recipients. Conditional on observables, outcomes without allocations and the marginal effects of allocations are heterogeneous across individuals. Despite combinatorial explosion with rising N, the optimal allocation function has closed-form solutions when marginal effects are non-increasing. Solutions are characterized by resource-invariant optimal allocation queues that sequence the order in which individuals begin and stop to receive allocations. The welfare distances between optimal and alternative allocations are measured in percentage resource losses as resource equivalent variations.
Application of grey system GM(1,1) model to forecast incidence trend of gonorrhea

GM(1,1)模型是一种单变量一价线性模型,目前广泛用于乙型肝炎、结核病、肿瘤等多种疾病的预测[1-3].本文运用GM(1,1)模型,对浙江省嵊泗县2004-2010年淋病年发病率数据进行拟合与外推预测,以探讨此模型预测淋病发病趋势的可行性.资料与方法一、资料来源发病资料来源于2004-2010年中国疾病预防控制信息系统的网络直报数据,人口资料来源于嵊泗县统计局编写的《统计年鉴》. 关键词：淋病;GM(1,1)模型;预测;发病率
Development of visual function in early life stage mahi-mahi (coryphaena hippurus)

Mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) are photopic predators that rely on vision for predator avoidance and foraging behavior. Research conducted on Mahi-mahi vision has been primarily focused on adults,...
A DIY Thermocouple Datalogger is Suitably Comparable to a Commercial System for Wildland Fire Research

Thermocouple probes have long been standard equipment for wildland fire scientists. But despite substantial advancements in the electronic datalogger technology necessary to read and store data from thermocouples, the effective cost per thermocouple sensor of commercial systems has not decreased such that most researchers can afford to deploy enough sensors to account for the high degree of variability in wildland fire behavior. Because the equipment must endure the extreme conditions of wildland fire, is unlikely that any thermocouple datalogger system will be considered “cheap.” However, the growing number of applications of open-source, do-it-yourself (DIY) microcontroller systems in scientific research suggests these products might be employed in thermocouple datalogging systems if (1) their performance can be shown to be comparable to commercial systems and (2) they can be protected from exposure in the wildland fire environment. In this paper, we compare the performance of an Arduino MEGA microcontroller board relative to a Campbell Scientific CR1000, reading standard K-type metal overbraided ceramic fiber insulated thermocouple probes, under the constant temperature of a drying oven and the variable flame of a Bunsen burner. In both comparisons, we found that the variability among individual thermocouples, which are known to have a $$\pm\, 2\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}{-}6\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ margin of error, was greater than between the dataloggers. We also describe a compact and mobile Arduino-based system capable of recording wildland fire flame temperatures in agris. In considering these three systems, it is clear that Arduino-based open-source, DIY components can support a compact, low-cost datalogger that accommodates more sensors for lower cost than proprietary commercial systems with no sacrifice in data quality. The combination of low-cost, multi-sensor units can contribute to better understanding of variability in wildland fire behavior.
Corrosion Risk of Using Stainless Steel Bolts for A1010 Steel Bridge Girders

Abstract This experimental study evaluates the galvanic corrosion risk between stainless steel bolts and ASTM A1010 steel bridge girders. Two stainless steel structural bolts, ASTM A320 B8 Class 2 ...
Association of Objectively Measured Timing of Physical Activity Bouts With Cardiovascular Health in Type 2 Diabetes.

OBJECTIVE Moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) improves cardiovascular health. Few studies have examined MVPA timing. We examined the associations of timing of bout-related MVPA with cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular risk in adults with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Baseline 7-day hip-worn accelerometry data from Look AHEAD participants (n = 2,153, 57% women) were analyzed to identify bout-related MVPA (≥3 METs/min for ≥10 min). Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by maximal graded exercise test. Participants were categorized into six groups on the basis of the time of day with the majority of bout-related MVPA (METs × min): ≥50% of bout-related MVPA during the same time window (morning, midday, afternoon, or evening), RESULTS Cardiorespiratory fitness was highly associated with timing of bout-related MVPA (P = 0.0005), independent of weekly bout-related MVPA volume and intensity. Importantly, this association varied by sex (P = 0.02). In men, the midday group had the lowest fitness (β = −0.46 [95% CI −0.87, −0.06]), while the mixed group in women was the least fit. Framingham risk score (FRS) was associated with timing of bout-related MVPA (P = 0.02), which also differed by sex (P = 0.0007). The male morning group had the highest 4-year FRS (2.18% [0.70, 3.65]), but no association was observed in women. CONCLUSIONS Timing of bout-related MVPA is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular risk in men with type 2 diabetes, independent of bout-related MVPA volume and intensity. Prospective studies are needed to determine the impacts of MVPA timing on cardiovascular health.
An Analysis of Cardiac Amyloidosis Patients in Cardiogenic Shock Bridged with Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support to Durable Left Ventricular Assist Device and Heart Transplant

Purpose Limited data exists on the use of temporary mechanical circulatory support (TMCS) in end-stage cardiac amyloidosis (CA) patients. This study aims to describe the CA patients in cardiogenic shock (CS) who were bridged with TMCS to durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) or orthotopic heart transplant (OHT). Methods Data on demographics, TMCS, pre-implant Echo and clinical outcomes were retrospectively analyzed in 34 CA patients with ≥30-day survival post-LVAD or OHT at our institutions from 01/2008-10/2020. Descriptive statistics are reported. Results 17 CA patients (mean age 62 ± 7 years, 47% Caucasian, 82% male) were bridged to LVAD (75% centrifugal, 75% destination therapy) or OHT (47% under new heart allocation system) with TMCS (Table 1). 15 had intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) support, and 3 required veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) for median 11 [5, 20] and 7.5 [7.3, 7.5] days, respectively. Most patients with TMCS had SCAI stage C (18%) and D (82%) CS, whereas those without TMCS had stage B (9%) and C (42%) CS. More patients with vs without TMCS used ≥2 vasoactive agents (65% vs 18%, p=0.0045), were intubated (18% vs 6%, p=0.14), and had a dilated right ventricle (59% vs 29%, p=0.04), respectively. The median survival in patients with vs without TMCS was 17 [11, 48] vs 43 [16, 57] months (p=0.0008), respectively. Conclusion Select CA patients with more severe CS (stage C/D) can be bridged with IABP and VA-ECMO (rescue therapy), whereas those with less severe CS (stage B/C) can be stabilized with medical therapy to LVAD or OHT. Nearly half of the OHT occurred under the new heart allocation system. Future studies are warranted to evaluate optimal patient selection and safety of bridging these high-risk patients to a desired clinical outcome, especially if such patients present in extremis (stage E CS).
Acute cardiotoxicity after initiation of the novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor gilteritinib for acute myeloid leukemia.

BACKGROUND Gilteritinib is a novel FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 inhibitor recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 2018 for relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia. However, gilteritinib may be associated with underrecognized cardiotoxicities. CASE PRESENTATION This case describes a patient with a history significant for hyperlipidemia who was diagnosed with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. After four doses of gilteritinib monotherapy, she abruptly developed acute systolic heart failure with global hypokinesis and septal wall motion abnormalities. Two days after discontinuation, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed partial recovery of her left ventricular ejection fraction as well as myocardial edema and non-ischemic fibrosis suggestive of inflammatory cardiomyopathy. She underwent intravenous diuresis and eventually started guideline-directed heart failure therapy. Follow-up cardiac magnetic resonance imaging five months later showed improved ejection fraction with mild non-ischemic fibrosis and resolution of myocardial edema and inflammation. She later received an allogeneic stem cell transplant from a matched unrelated donor. CONCLUSIONS Gilteritinib may be associated with early cardiotoxicities, including non-ischemic cardiomyopathy and myocarditis. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can be an important modality to help differentiate or diagnose early cardiotoxicities associated with novel targeted therapies.
Auto-tune learning framework for prediction of flowability, mechanical properties, and porosity of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC)

Abstract Machine learning methods are promising to predict key properties of concrete and expedite design of advanced concrete, but the existing methods have limitations in accuracy and generalization performance, because limited dataset size and anomalous data are used to train predictive models. This study presents an auto-tune learning framework for predicting compressive strength, flexural strength, workability, and porosity of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). The presented framework has three features: (1) Structured and unstructured data are combined. (2) Anomalies and inappropriate variables in the dataset are identified and removed using an unsupervised anomaly detection method based on isolation forest and combined mutual information and univariate linear regression. (3) The hyperparameters of machine learning models are optimized using tree-structured Parzen estimator with k-fold cross-validation. Auto-tune predictive models are developed by integrating the presented learning framework and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM). The results showed that the developed method achieved high prediction accuracy. The auto-tune models are used to study the effects of mixture design variables on the properties. This research will greatly promote material development by reducing experiments.
A Statistical Comparison of Classification Algorithms on a Single Data Set

This research uses four classification algorithms in standard and boosted forms to predict members of a class for an online community. We compare two performance measures, area under the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve (AUC) and accuracy in the standard and boosted forms. The research compares four popular algorithms Bayes, logistic regression, J48 and Nearest Neighbor (NN). The analysis shows that there are significant differences among the base classification algorithms—J48 had the best accuracy. Additionally, the results show that boosted methods improved the accuracy of logistic regression. ANOVA was used to detect the differences between the algorithms; post hoc analysis shows the differences between specific algorithms.
Redefining Clinical Research

Unlike many other pathological states, the treatment of neoplasia has not been blessed with major “breakthroughs”. Cancer treatment today is the result of a slowly evolving, quasi-empirical, methodological search for specific agents that (1) kill tumor cells, (2) have unique mechanisms of action, and (3) are assessed to be disease-effective and tolerated. Therefore, achievements in cancer treatment have required, and continue to require sound financial support, long hours in the laboratory and clinic, and cooperation and communication between an “army” of preclinical, clinical and basic scientists with a common goal. Despite this absence of major breakthroughs, however, the clinical management of cancer has evolved such that today, it represents a sophisticated, knowledgeable approach to health care.
Mechanisms of multidrug resistance in HL60 cells. Analysis of resistance associated membrane proteins and levels of mdr gene expression.

Abstract HL60 cells isolated for resistance to Adriamycin® do not contain P-glycoprotein, as determined with immunological probes. These cells, however, are multidrug resistant and defective in the cellular accumulation of drug. In view of these findings, we have examined in greater detail certain properties of the HL60/Adr cells and have compared these properties to an HL60 drug-resistant isolate (HL60/Vinc) which contains high levels of P-glycoprotein. The results of these studies demonstrated that verapamil induces a major increase in cellular drug accumulation in both HL60/Adr and HL60/ Vinc isolates. An 125 I-labeled photoaffinity analog of verapamil labeled P-glycoprotein contained in membranes of HL60/Vinc cells. In contrast, this agent did not label any protein selectively associated with drug resistance in membranes of the HL60/Adr isolate. The photoactive dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker [ 3 H]azidopine and [ 125 I]NASV, a photoaffinity analog of vinblastine, labelled P-glycoprotein in membranes from HL60/Vinc cells, whereas in experiments with the HL60/Adr isolate there was no detectable labeling of a drug resistance associated membrane protein. Additional studies have been carried out to analyze membrane proteins of HL60/Adr cells labeled with the photoaffinity agent 8-azido-α-[ 32 P]ATP (AzATP 32 ). The results demonstrate that this agent labeled a resistance associated membrane protein of 190 kilodaltons (P190). P190 is essentially absent in membranes of drug-sensitive cells. Labeling of P190 with AzATP 32 in membranes of resistant cells was blocked completely when incubations were carried out in the presence of excess unlabeled ATP. Additional studies were carried out to analyze mdr gene amplification and expression in sensitive and resistant cells. Experiments carried out with human 5', mdr 1 (1.1 kb) and mdr 3 (1.0 kb) cDNAs demonstrate that both of these sequences were highly amplified in the HL60/Vinc isolate. Only the mrd 1 gene sequence however, was overexpressed. In contrast, there was no detectable amplification or overexpression of mdr 1 or mdr 3 sequences in HL60/Adr cells. The results of this study thus identify a new nucleotide binding protein which is overexpressed in membranes of HL60 cells isolated for resistance to Adriamycin®. P190, which exhibits properties distinct from P-glycoprotein, possibly functions in the energy-dependent drug efflux system contained in the HL60/Adr resistant isolate.
Mechanical Properties and Fracture Surface Topography of a Thermally Embrittled Steel

Abstract : Tensile flow and fracture properties of 3140 steel in both the unembrittled and embrittled conditions are presented and discussed. Charpy impact properties which reflect the influence of thermal embrittlement on the transitional behavior are presented. Fracture surface topography is described. Quantitative data resulted in transitional curves for all three types of specimens utilized. This fracture surface topography also indicates that intergranular fracture has varying degrees of deformation, ductility, and energy required for separation. Several aspects of thermal embrittlement are discussed relative to the observations made in this study. (Author)
Quantification of mobility in communication networks with topology transitions

A computational scheme based on topology transition is presented to quantify the mobility behavior of units in a mobile communication network. This model quantifies the effect of migration of a given unit on the relative stability of connections to its neighbors. Three metrics, namely, image-transition related, migrate-away related and add-in related metrics have been defined and their interrelationships studied. The simultaneous use of both the migrate-away related metric and the add-in related metric could indicate what kind of relative migration a unit is undergoing. For a communication network, these metrics indicate the magnitudes of a unit's mobility and stability. By checking these metrics, a unit can possibly choose a neighbor with a more stable condition to transmit messages to a desired destination from several possible candidates; that can reduce the overhead needed for route recovery, when a route failure occurs.
Policy-makers’ perceptions on their sex offender laws: the good, the bad, and the ugly

The views and attitudes that lawmakers have about sexual offenders and sexual victimization can be influential in criminal lawmaking. And given the popularity of sex offender laws, policy-makers are central players in how state justice systems respond to sex crimes. Therefore, state-level policy-makers from across the country, who sponsored and passed at least one sex offender law in their state, (n = 61) were interviewed about sex offenders and sex crimes. Policy-makers believe sex offender laws are too broad. The laws extend to nonviolent offenses, low-risk offenders, and thus dilute the law enforcement potency of sex offender registries. Policy-makers view existing sex offender laws as necessary to enhance public safety and as proof that lawmakers are responding to the needs and concerns of the public. Sex offender laws were also discussed as a source of political capital; a way to help ensure reelection. The sexual victimization of children and the media’s coverage of sex crimes were instrumental in t...
Applicability of (K, T-Stress) Methodology to Analyze RPV Under Thermal-Hydraulic Transients

The (K, T-stress) methodology developed by Gao and Dodds [1] is being utilized to introduce crack front plasticity with constraint effects when plastic deformation occurs in structures, for example, when the Reactor Pressure Vessels (RPVs) are subjected to thermal-hydraulic loadings. One crucial step in this procedure is to quantify combinations of flaw geometries and loading conditions (transient sequences) that illustrate the limits of applicability of the two-parameter (K, T-stress) advanced fracture methodology relevant to integrity analyses of RPVs subjected to normal and emergency operating conditions. Numerical analyses were conducted to determine the limits of applicability of (K, T-stress) advanced fracture technology for RPV under thermal-hydraulic loadings. The numerical results indicate that the (K, T-stress) methodology captures the constraint condition of the RPV with typical embedded flaws under a postulated dominant thermal-hydraulic transient.© 2007 ASME
Electrohydrodynamic instabilities in microchannels: a computational study

A computational study is performed to study mixing characteristics in electrohydrodynamic flows at length scales of a micro-metre. A t-shaped microchannel is analyzed where two fluids of differing electrical conductivities are allowed to mix under the application of an external electric field. A two dimensional finite volume code based on the SIMPLE algorithm is employed. The effect of mixing is characterized in terms of a nondimensional parameter λ measuring the relative magnitude of the Coulombic force due to the electric field to the inertia force. Based on the relative concentrations of the two mixing streams a mixing efficiency is proposed and the mixing characteristics are studied by varying the value of the parameter λ(while keeping the concentration ratio fixed). Some observations regarding the time period of oscillation of the disturbance in the absence of any forcing are reported. Simulations are also performed by oscillating the applied external electric field to see the effect it has on the mixing compared to the case with the d.c. electric field. It was observed that oscillation of the electric field at the natural frequency significantly enhances the mixing quite in agreement with the general character of experimental observations. Simulation results for these different cases are presented.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Contributions to Auditory Selectivity in a Song Nucleus Critical for Vocal Plasticity

The development, maintenance, and perception of learned vocalizations in songbirds are likely to require auditory neurons that respond selectively to song. Neurons with song-selective responses have been described in several brain nuclei critical to singing, but the mechanisms by which such response properties arise, are modified, and propagate are poorly understood. The lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (LMAN) is the output of an anterior forebrain pathway (AFP) essential for learning and maintenance of song, processes dependent on auditory feedback. Although neurons throughout this pathway respond selectively to auditory presentation of the bird's own song, LMAN is the last stage at which responses to this auditory information could be transformed before being transmitted to vocal motor areas, where such responses may influence vocal production. Indeed, previous extracellular studies have indicated that LMAN′s auditory selectivity is greater than that at earlier stages of the AFP. To determine whether LMAN local circuitry transforms or simply relays song-related auditory information to vocal control neurons, it is essential to distinguish local from extrinsic contributions to LMAN′s auditory selectivity. In vivo intracellular recordings from LMAN projection neurons, coupled with local circuit inactivation, reveal that much of LMAN′s song selectivity is supplied by its extrinsic inputs, but selective blockade of GABA receptors indicates that local inhibition is required for the expression of song selectivity. Therefore, LMAN neurons receive highly song-selective information, but LMAN′s local circuitry can mask these selective inputs, providing a mechanism for context-dependent auditory feedback.
What are students doing during lecture? Evidence from new technologies to capture student activity

Engaging students in class is paramount if they are to gain a deep understanding of class content. Student engagement is manifested by attention to the various components of instruction. However, there is little research at the tertiary level focusing on what aspects of instruction are related to changes in student attention during class. To address this gap, we collected multiple streams of data that provide a measure of student attention during instruction. We had students in an organic chemistry course who wear hats with a camera mounted on the brim, to provide a record of student gaze (i.e. looking at the board, notes, and friends). We also had students who use electronic pens that allowed us to record what information students transferred into their notes (pencasts). Based on our initial results, we believe the data provided by the point-of-view cameras and electronic pens hold great promise for using these technologies as viable research tools in educational settings to address various research ques...
An intact phosphocholine binding site is necessary for transgenic rabbit C-reactive protein to protect mice against challenge with platelet-activating factor.

C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute phase protein in humans and rabbits, is part of the innate immune system. The role of CRP in host defense has been thought to be largely due to its ability to bind phosphocholine, activate complement, and interact with IgGRs (FcγRs). We have shown previously that transgenic rabbit CRP (rbCRP) protects mice from lethal challenges with platelet-activating factor (PAF). To investigate the mechanism of this protection, we created additional lines of transgenic mice that express either wild-type rbCRP, a variant of rbCRP with altered complement activation activity (Y175A), or a variant of rbCRP unable to bind phosphocholine (F66Y/E81K). In the current study, these lines were challenged with a single injection of PAF and their survival monitored. Mice expressing wild-type and Y175A rbCRP were protected against challenge by PAF whereas mice expressing F66Y/E81K rbCRP were not. Treatment with cobra venom factor did not affect survival, confirming the results with the Y175A rbCRP variant and indicating that complement activation was not required to mediate protection. Both wild-type rbCRP and Y175A rbCRP were capable of binding PAF in vitro whereas F66Y/E81K rbCRP was not. Although other interpretations are possible, our results suggest that the protective effect of rbCRP against PAF is due to sequestration of PAF.
A perspective on Darwinian psychology: The importance of domain-general mechanisms, plasticity, and individual differences

Abstract In this paper a theory of Darwinian psychological adaptations as motive dispositions with an affective core is developed, and it is argued that 1) there is significant plasticity in these mechanisms; 2) in addition to domain-specific evolved motive dispositions, there are a variety of domain-general cognitive and emotional mechanisms; 3) humans are capable of developing motive dispositions which are not adaptations; 4) the relationship between evolved motive dispositions and behavior is very tenuous so that the explanatory power of Darwinian psychology is very weak; 5) individual differences in human psychological characteristics are evolutionarily meaningful and are linked to mechanisms which assess the resource value of intraspecific genetic and phenotypic diversity.
National high magnetic field laboratory: Facilities and scientific opportunities

Abstract The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) develops and operates high magnetic field facilities at its main location at Florida State University, as well as facilities at Los Alamos National Laboratory and the University of Florida. The NHMFL is a user facility supported by the United States National Science Foundation and the State of Florida and is available to qualified users through a proposal submission process. The facilities available or under development include superconducting magnets (B⩽20 T), resistive (B⩽25–35 T depending on bore and power), hybrid (B⩽45–50 T) magnets and pulsed magnets (B⩽60 T for 100 ms, B⩽50–60 T for 10–20 ms and B⩽250 T for 5–20μs) along with ultra-low temperature and specialized NMR systems and instrumentation packages. The facilities and staff will support research and testing at the extremes of parameter space, temperature, magnetic field and pressure, along with advancing magnet technology in support of a diverse user community.
THE IMPACT OF OIL ON MARSH COMMUNITIES IN THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER

ABSTRACT A 2-year investigation of fish and waterfowl populations was conducted on St. Lawrence River marshes that had been polluted with No. 6 industrial fuel on June 23, 1976. The heavy oil, which penetrated as much as 5 meters into the dense cattail stands, was removed along with the oiled vegetation. This was a zone of intense animal activity and mortality was great during the first few weeks. Marshes having different levels of oiling were selected for study along with a control area because prior baseline data were not available. The results suggested but could not prove that there was some long-range effects of the oil on these marsh communities. An example is the possible loss of eggs and larval fish for some species. However, the effects of the oil generally were masked by the effects of natural factors, and therefore difficult to identify or quantify. Variables such as water leve, time of year, water temperatures, type of oil, physical arrangement of the marshes, and the cleanup process each had ...
New general biquadratic active RC and switched-capacitor filters

An active RC filter capable of realising a general biquadratic transfer function, using two operational amplifiers with grounded noninverting inputs, is described. Its application to the realisation of SC filters using 'p-transformation' is also discussed.
A technique for self-certifying tamper resistant software

Until recently the use of software tamper resistance was rather limited. However, as the music and movie industries have increased their reliance on content protection systems, the importance placed on and the use of tamper resistance has also increased. Unfortunately, the nature of tamper resistance can make it difficult for developers to determine if a protection mechanism isactually robust and which attacks it can protect against. To address this issue we have designed a tool for self-certifying the strength of a tamper resistance implementation that is based on a hybrid attack-defense graph. This approachto tamper resistance evaluation is advantageous in that it enables certification without leaking confidential implementation details and it assists developers in designing more robust implementations.