cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Purity, danger, and redemption: Notes on urban missional evangelicals

In this article, I examine how urban missional evangelicals in the United States cultivate a sense of place. Being “missional” refers to the desire to be a missionary in one's own society, an idea that has spread widely through the Emerging Church movement. Proceeding from an ethnographic analysis of two urban pastors, I argue that being an urban missional evangelical means having an intricate, nuanced, but ultimately mediate sense of place. Grounded in a cultural logic that seeks distance from suburban evangelicalism, the urban missional sense of place exists as a lived critique of modernity, which I explore through Mary Douglas's classic analysis of purity and danger.
Growth, biomass distribution and CO2 exchange of northern hardwood seedlings in high and low light: relationships with successional status and shade tolerance.

The physiology, morphology and growth of first-year Betula papyrifera Marsh., Betula alleghaniensis Britton, Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch, Acer saccharum Marsh., and Quercus rubra L. seedlings, which differ widely in reported successional affinity and shade tolerance, were compared in a controlled high-resource environment. Relative to late-successional, shade-tolerant Acer and Ostrya species, early-successional, shade-intolerant Betula species had high relative growth rates (RGR) and high rates of photosynthesis, nitrogen uptake and respiration when grown in high light. Fire-adapted Quercus rubra had intermediate photosynthetic rates, but had the lowest RGR and leaf area ratio and the highest root weight ratio of any species. Interspecific variation in RGR in high light was positively correlated with allocation to leaves and rates of photosynthesis and respiration, and negatively related to seed mass and leaf mass per unit area. Despite higher respiration rates, early-successional Betula papyrifera lost a lower percentage of daily photosynthetic CO2 gain to respiration than other species in high light. A subset comprised of the three Betulaceae family members was also grown in low light. As in high light, low-light grown Betula species had higher growth rates than tolerant Ostrya virainiana. The rapid growth habit of sarly-successional species in low light was associated with a higher proportion of biomass distributed to leaves, lower leaf mass per unit area, a lower proportion of biomass in roots, and a greater height per unit stem mass. Variation in these traits is discussed in terms of reported species ecologies in a resource availability context.
Survival motor neuron protein facilitates assembly of stress granules.

The survival motor neuron (SMN) protein forms cytoplasmic granules when overexpressed. We report here that SMN co-localizes with TIA-1/R and G3BP, protein assemblers of stress granules (SGs), and that SMN is co-immunoprecipitated with TIA-1/R, suggesting that SMN granules are SGs. Formation of SMN granules precedes accumulation of TIA-1/R, indicating that SMN serves as a facilitator of SG formation. However, the exon 7 skipping product, SMNΔ7, is largely retained in the nucleus and forms nuclear granules, indicating that exon 7 is critical for SG formation. Our findings reveal a novel SMN function and possible SG involvement in the pathogenesis of spinal muscular atrophy.
Hemorrhage-induced vasopressin release in the paraventricular nucleus measured by in vivo microdialysis

Experiments were carried out, using the technique of in vivo microdialysis in conscious rats, to determine whether hemorrhage, a potent stimulus for the release of vasopressin from the posterior pituitary into the circulation, would also result in a local release of vasopressin from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and whether this release is affected by gender. Male and non-estrous female rats were prepared with a microdialysis probe adjacent to the PVN and femoral arterial and venous catheters the day before the experiment. On the day of the experiment, rats was bled either 20% or 30% of blood volume. The concentration of vasopressin in the dialysate increased significantly in the males following both hemorrhages and in the females following the 30% hemorrhage. There were no statistically significant differences in the post-hemorrhage dialysate vasopressin concentration with respect to either gender or magnitude of the hemorrhage. The plasma vasopressin concentration increased markedly in response to the hemorrhage and this response was greater in females following the 30% hemorrhage. There were no gender differences in the reduction in arterial pressure following either hemorrhage. It is concluded that physiological stimuli for the release of vasopressin into the circulation also result in intrahypothalamic release of this hormone.
GABAB receptor is a novel drug target for pancreatic cancer

Background—Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) a leading cause of cancer death. Smoking, diabetes and pancreatitis are risk factors. We have shown that the growth of PDAC and pancreatic duct epithelial cells is regulated by beta-adrenoreceptors (β-ARs). The activity of βARs in the central nervous system is counteracted by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) via GABAB receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. The aim of this study was to investigate if the GABABR inhibits β-AR signaling in PDAC and pancreatic duct epithelial cells, thus blocking driving forces of cancer progression, such as cell proliferation and cell migration. Methods—Intracellular cAMP was measured by immunoassays, DNA synthesis by BRDU incorporation assays, activation of ERK1/2 by ERK activation assays and Western blots and metastatic potential by cell migration assays in the human PDAC cell lines PANC-1 and BXPC-3 and immortalized human pancreatic duct epithelial cells HPDE6-C7. The expression of norepinephrine, PKARIIα and GABA in PDAC microarrays was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results—Stimulation of the GABABR by GABA or baclofen inhibited isoproterenol-induced cAMP signaling below base levels. ERK1/2 activity in response to isoproterenol was blocked by GABA, an effect enhanced by transient overexpression of the GABABR and abolished by GABABR knockdown. DNA synthesis and cell migration were stimulated by isoproterenol, responses blocked by GABA and baclofen. Norepinephrine and PKARIIα were overexpressed while GABA was underexpressed in human PDAC tissue arrays. Conclusions—Our data suggest the stimulation ofGABABR signaling as a novel target for the treatment and prevention of pancreatic cancer.
Sociodemographic Predictors of Firearm Suicide Among Older White Males

Compared to women, younger males, and other racial/ethnic groups in the United States, white males 65 and over have the highest suicide rates. Using the Mortality Detail Files (1989-1991), this study examined the sociodemographic factors associated with late life firearm (vs other methods) suicide among white males. White males aged 65-84 residing in nonmetropolitan areas who were married, divorced, or widowed and with less than a high school education were significantly more likely to have killed themselves with a firearm than with other methods. Policy initiatives and community interventions should incorporate knowledge of those demographic subgroups most at risk for firearm suicide.
Welding solutions for turbine generator plant repair, upgrade and life extension

New opportunities are being presented to power generation plant operators and manufacturers with the development of methods for the repair and refurbishment of turbines and ancillary plant. The philosophy and experiences of Parsons Power Generation Systems Limited are presented to demonstrate the important role that welding plays in the provision of cost-effective solutions for ensuring power plant availability, improvement of operational integrity and life extension.
A scanning electron microscopic study of lens fibers in healing mouse lens

Abstract Anterior cortical lens fibers of young, normal and injured mouse lenses were studied with the scanning electron microscope. The lenses were injured by a transcorneal needle penetration. Following injury the specimens were examined at intervals of 17 and 24 hr, 3, 4, 8, and 11 days. In all injured lenses studied, there appeared a localized cortical lens fiber response to the injury. Adjacent to the wound area, the fibers appeared flattened and attenuated into interdigitating fiber processes. This response had begun at 17 hr post-injury, seemingly peaked at 4 days, and showed a reversion to normal morphology at 8 days. We feel that this is indicative of a plastic healing response to injury rather than a cataractogenic process. Examination of the nuclear and suture areas of control lenses showed a similarly complex morphology which we feel indicates that lens fibers have an inherent capability for morphological change and healing.
Measurements of the height of the convective surface boundary layer over an arid coast on the Red Sea

The height of the convective boundary layer over an arid coast on the Red Sea was measured by high-resolution radiosondes. These measurements can be used to compute sensible heat flux by the method devised by Danard (1981). The average heat flux computed is in good agreement with results obtained independently by both the energy balance method and the free-convection equation.
De novo asymmetric synthesis of anamarine and its analogues.

The enantioselective synthesis of anamarine has been achieved in 21 steps. The route relies on enantio- and regioselective Sharpless dihydroxylation of dienoate ester and zinc borohydride reduction to establish the C-8−C-11 stereochemistry. A diastereoselective Leighton allylation established the desired C-5 stereochemistry. The route has also been used to prepare two diastereoisomers of anamarine in 14 steps.
High displacement ceramic metal composite actuators (moonies)

Abstract The two most common type of piezoelectric actuators are the multilayer actuator with internal electrodes and the cantilevered bimorph actuator[1]. A new type of composite ceramic actuator is the multilayered multistacked moonie (multi-multi moonie). Normal multilayer actuators produce a large generative force, but only a small displacement. Conversely, bimorphs produce large displacements but the forces are very small. The moonie actuator combines the advantages of both, producing a large displacement as well as a reasonably large generative force.
Optimal pricing against a simple learning rule

Abstract The paper studies a repeated buyer-seller relationship under asymmetric information. Instead of assuming game-theoretic rationality, it is assumed that the buyer uses a nonstrategic learning rule to update his beliefs. The seller's optimal pricing policies against this rule are analyzed. It is shown that screening behavior emerges as a result of the seller's long-run optimization problem, although this is not a Nash equilibrium of the one-shot game. Moreover, despite its apparent naivete the simple rule is optimal for the buyer in the sense that the seller cannot extract more from the buyer than the value of the stream of goods delivered.
What determines the elasticity of industry demand

Abstract This paper develops estimates of price elasticity of demand for a sample of U.S. food and tobacco manufacturing industries and tests a model explaining differences in interindustry elasticity. The empirical results are consistent with the hypothesis that demand elasticity is in part determined by the competitive behavior of firms in an industry. In particular, high advertising expenditures result in lower elasticities of demand. Other important variables influencing demand elasticity are industry concentration, the stage of production, the existence of protection from domestic and foreign entry, and the extent of new-product introduction in a particular market.
Lactate dehydrogenase and hemolysis in sickle cell disease.

To the editor: Dr Ballas has provided a thoughtful perspective on the meaning of elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in sickle cell disease.[1][1] He is clearly correct that serum LDH is generally high at steady state in sickle cell disease and comes from multiple sources, representing
New and extended-action treatments in the management of ADHD: a critical appraisal of lisdexamfetamine in adults and children

Treatment guidelines from the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and the American Academy of Pediatrics state that stimulant medications have the most evidence for safety and efficacy in the treatment of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Longer-acting stimulants are thus considered as first-line for management of ADHD symptoms. Over the years, concerns about the abuse potential of stimulants have led to the development of alternative formulations of these agents. One such recent development, lisdexamfetamine (LDX) was FDA approved for treating ADHD in children in early 2007 and in adults in early 2008. LDX is a prodrug, which when orally ingested, is converted to l- lysine and active d-amphetamine, which is responsible for its therapeutic activity. This unique formulation may lead to a possible reduction of the abuse potential, by bypassing the first-pass metabolism. In fact, a statistically significant difference for the ‘liking’ effects on the Drug Questionnaire Response has been reported with intravenous LDX compared to d-amphetamine. LDX appears to have an efficacy and tolerability profile comparable to other extended-release stimulant formulations used to treat ADHD, but reduced potential for abuse-related liking effects when compared to equivalent amounts of immediate-release d-amphetamine. The most common adverse events include decreased appetite, insomnia, upper abdominal pain, headache, irritability, weight loss, and nausea.
Balancing Technology With Face-to-Face Interaction Navigating the Path to Psychiatric Nursing Education at a Distance

In 2008, we created a program that incorporated pedagogical approaches to support distance education for graduate psychiatric mental health nursing students in Indiana and adjacent states. This narrative provides a brief description of the five initiatives we originally proposed, our experiences with them, and future plans as our program continues to evolve.
Thermodynamic aspects of drug-receptor interactions.

Abstract Determination of whether a specific ligand-receptor interaction at equilibrium is enthalpy- and/or entropy-stabilized can be achieved by thermodynamic analysis, writes Robert Hitzemann . Enthalpy stabilization is usually associated with the formation of new bonds (e.g. hydrogen bonds and van der Waal's interactions) in the ligand-receptor-membrane array, whereas entropy stabilization is usually characterized by the displacement of ordered water molecules coupled to the formation of new hydrophobic interactions. The initial step in the receptor association is generally entropy stabilized. For some agonists and antagonists, this initial step is followed by one or more steps that are enthalpy stabilized. Interestingly, there is a wide diversity in the thermodynamics of agonist/ antagonist receptor binding, suggesting several different mechanisms of information transfer.
Controlling the spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci with contact precautions: time for a randomized trial.

Isolations of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have increased dramatically over the past decade in. hospitals around the United States.’ In hopes of curbing the nosocomial spread of VRE, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee recommended that contact precautions (CP) be implemented in the care of all hospitalized VREpositive patients.‘Requirements for CP in the care of VRE-positive patients contrast with those for body substance isolation (BSI),3 an alternate system of precautions used in patient care (Table 1). Body substance isolation is similar to universal precautions but assumes that all body fluids may contain potential pathogens.3z4 Body sub stance isolation is applied to all patients at all times, using appropriate barriers when contact between health care workers and moist body substances is anticipated. Body substance isolation precautions are not supplemented with other measures for the care of VRE-positive patients.‘,* Since CP for VRE-positive patients generally require more effort and expense than BSI precautions, it would be useful to establish their respective utilities in limiting nosocomial transmission of VRE. Accordingly, the authors retrospectively compared the experience at two similar medical centers that differ in their approach to VRE control. Both centers are part of the Veterans’ Affairs system and are located in the Pacific Northwest. They have similar patient populations, strong academic affiliations, on-site microbiology laboratories, and inpatient and outpatient facilities that include intensive care units and nursing home units. Moreover, both centers
Integrated tests of a high speed VXS switch card and 250 MSPS flash ADCs

High trigger rate nuclear physics experiments proposed for the 12 GeV upgrade at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility create a need for new high speed digital systems for energy summing. Signals from electronic detectors will be captured with the Jefferson Lab FADC module, which collects and processes data from 16 charged particle sensors with 10 or 12 bit resolution at 250 MHz sample rate. Up to sixteen FADC modules transfer energy information to a central energy summing module for each readout crate. The sums from the crates are combined to form a global energy sum that is used to trigger data readout for all modules. The Energy Sum module and FADC modules have been designed using the VITA-41 VME64 switched serial (VXS) standard. The VITA- 41 standard defines payload and switch slot module functions, and offers an elegant engineered solution for Multi-Gigabit serial transmission on a standard VITA-41 backplane. The Jefferson Lab Energy Sum module receives data serially at a rate of up to 6 Giga-bits per second from the FADC modules. Both FADC and Energy Sum modules have been designed and assembled and this paper describes the integrated tests using both high speed modules in unison.
DETECTION OF PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY IN LEUKOCYTES FIBROBLASTS

Studies on a child with hepatic pyruvate carhoxylase (PC) deficiency have led to the development of a practical assay for PC in cell-free leukocyte (WBC) and fibroblast preparations and to the first detection of PC deficiency in peripheral cells. This assay showed that the patient had about 2% (easily detectable in this assay) of normal values for PC in fibroblasts and undetectable PC in WBC. The assay is based on the fixation of H14CO3 into oxalacetate in the presence of citrate synthase. The assay is linear with time up to 90 min. with both WBC and fibroblasts and with protein up to 250 μg for WBC and 150 μg for fibroblasts. That the pyruvate-dependent H14CO3 fixation is due to PC is supported by the fact that citrate is the only radioactive product and that the activity in fibroblasts is inhibited by antibody prepared against liver PC. Normal values in fibroblasts (n=3) are 1.11 ± 0.08 nmole HCO3 fixed/min/mg protein (munits) and in WBC 0.089 munits ± 0.006 (SEM) for 3 adults and 2 children. The finding of little or no PC activity in WBC and fihroblasts in the patient provides strong evidence that the hepatic form of PC is identical with that of WBC and fibroblasts. Thus the assay for PC in peripheral cells should offer a valid diagnostic tool for the detection of hepatic PC deficiency. Also the assay in fibroblasts should make prenatal diagnosis and family studies of deficiencies of this enzyme possible for the first time.
Use of Tetrahymena pyriformis to evaluate the effects of purine and pyrimidine analogs.

SYNOPSIS Eighty-four purine and pyrimidine analogs were evaluated for growth inhibition of Tetrahymena pyriformis. The most toxic were 2-fluoroadenine, 2-fluoroadenosine, 6-methylpurine, a series of 5-fluoropyrimidines, and a series of adenine derivatives substituted in the 9-position. 2-Fluoroadenine was metabolized to the ribonucleoside triphosphate and was incorporated into nucleic acids; its inhibition of growth was reversed by high levels of adenine. 6-Methylthiopurine ribonucleoside was phosphorylated, but only to the monophosphate derivative. Contrasting T. pyriformis with mammalian cells gave clues to the mechanism of action of some of the agents. 6-Mercaptopurine, 6-methylthiopurine ribonucleoside, and 6-thioguanine, all potent pseudofeedback inhibitors of de novo purine biosynthesis in mammalian cells, are not toxic to T. pyriformis, which lacks the de novo purine pathway; this implies that inhibition of de novo purine biosynthesis by them underlies their growth inhibition of mammalian cells.
Are contrast swallows a relevant investigation for paediatric stridor

The contrast swallow has traditionally been used in the investigation of paediatric stridor with the aim of identifying pathology such as vascular rings and confirming the presence of gastro-oesophageal reflux. Currently, a laryngotracheobronchoscopy (LTB) is the gold standard investigation for stridor and frequently, a child is commenced on antireflux medications based on clinical history. We seek to identify whether a contrast swallow has a valuable and cost effective role in the investigation of paediatric stridor. This was a retrospective audit study. All the children who underwent a contrast swallow as part of the investigation for stridor were identified from 2008 to 2011. All requests were made by clinicians from the ENT department at Birmingham Children’s Hospital. All patient demographics and radiological reports were reviewed. The final patient list was cross referenced with theatre records to identify those that underwent a LTB The cost of the contrast swallow was identified by the contracting department at Birmingham Children’s Hospital. A total of 117 contrast swallows were requested during the study period. The age range was 1 week to 50 months with an average patient age of 6 months. 45/117 (38 %) of contrast swallows identified pathology. 33/45 (73 %) demonstrated reflux. Only 12/117 (10 %) of all cases suggested pathology other than reflux. A total of 51 patients underwent LTB. 22/51 (43 %) had a subsequent contrast swallow. Since the average cost per contrast swallow in the outpatient setting was £77, and only 9 cases demonstrated significant unexpected pathology, 108 children had a contrast swallow that did not significantly alter the management of their stridor. 9 cases were identified in which the contrast study results altered the management of the child. An estimated £8,000 were spent on investigations that made no impact on the subsequent management of the child. Contrast swallows requested for the investigation of paediatric stridor identified 33 cases of gastro-oesophageal reflux and 12 cases of alternative pathology. Among those children with radiological evidence of reflux, 70 % (23/33) had already been commenced on antireflux medication based on their clinical symptoms. Only 8 % of findings from a contrast swallow investigation resulted in a change to the management of the stridulous child. The authors suggest that it is more cost effective to reserve requests for a contrast swallow until the diagnostic LTB is performed. This strategy will not only reduce exposure to ionising radiation in a significant number of children, but also identifies airway pathology more effectively and ensures that contrast swallows are used as an appropriate adjunctive diagnostic investigation.
Reduced-carbohydrate diets: no roll in weight management?

In the context of the 2 studies in this issue on low-carbohydrate diets, what advice can we offer our patients who want to lose weight? We can encourage overweight patients to experiment with metho...
patterns of dust transport to the Grand Canyon

Dust particles in the 2.5 µm to 15 µm diameter range contribute to regional haze that sometimes impairs visibility at the Grand Canyon and other National Parks in the southwestern U.S. The proportion of airborne dust that is attributable to land modification is unknown, but can be expected to increase as a consequence of the region's rapid population growth. This note examines the upwind histories of air masses bringing high coarse-particle concentrations to the Grand Canyon over a five-year monitoring period. Although arid and semi-arid lands extend in all directions, and the fastest airflows generally have a northerly component, high dust concentrations are most common in air arriving from the southwest, where development has been concentrated. This empirical association suggests that the expansion of suburban and agricultural lands is raising dust levels at the Grand Canyon.
Cell mediated and humoral immune responses of white-tailed deer experimentally infected with Mycobacterium bovis.

The objective of this study was to improve the understanding of immune responses of whitetailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Ten mature, female, white-tailed deer were inoculated by intratonsilar instillation of 2 x 10(3)or 2 x 10(5)colony-forming units of M. bovis. Lymphocyte proliferation and humoral response to M. bovis PPD and the M. bovis protein, MPB70 were measured. Deer were tested for exposure to M. bovis by the comparative cervical skin test. Biopsy specimens of skin test sites were examined microscopically and immunohistochemically. The comparative cervical skin test correctly identified all M. bovis -inoculated deer as exposed to M. bovis. Lymphocyte proliferative responses to MPB70 were more consistent than responses to M. bovisPPD in M. bovis -inoculated deer. Antibody responses were more prominent in deer with disseminated disease than in deer with localised disease. The cellular components of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions at skin test sites were similar to tuberculin reactions in other species. T lymphocytes of the gamma/delta phenotype were seen in increased numbers in M. bovisPPD injection sites.
Abundance of organic compounds in water.

Simple considerations lead to a powerful but easily utilized model for predicting the behavior of trace organics in the environment. Obviously, this technique can be applied to many similar problems such as air pollution data, trace inorganics, etc. Further, a data base such as Shackelford and Keith's could be analyzed in subsets comprising various sample types such as finished drinking waters, specific industrial categories, etc. For each of these, relevant estimates can be obtained to guide the collection and interpretation of new data.
The occurrence of β-hydroxyaspartic acid in the vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation zymogens

Abstract Previous work has shown that two vitamin K-dependent plasma zymogens, factor X and protein C, each contain one residue of erythro-β-hydroxyaspartic acid. In the present study, prothrombin, factor VII and factor IX were subjected to amino acid analyses for β-hydroxyaspartic acid. Factor IX and factor VII each contain one residue of erythro-β-hydroxyaspartic acid. Edman sequence analyses revealed that this residue occurs at position 64 in human and bovine factor IX. Inasmuch as the nucleotide sequence codes for aspartic acid at this position, it appears highly likely that β-hydroxyaspartic acid is formed in these proteins by a post-translational hydroxylation of aspartic acid. In contrast, neither human nor bovine prothrombin contain β-hydroxyaspartic acid.
Mg2+-dependent regulation of BK channels: importance of electrostatics.

A signature feature of large conductance, calcium- and voltage-activated K+ channels (now usually termed “BK” channels) is their dual regulation by two physiological signals, cytosolic Ca2+ and membrane voltage. This dual-sensing capacity of BK channels distinguishes them from other voltage-
A Preliminary Study of Correlation between Depth and Path Length of GO Nodes with Gene Sequence Similarity

We proposed a new measure (SimPLD) for calculating the semantic similarity of terms in gene ontology (GO) based on the depth of least common ancestor (LCA) of two terms and the path length between them in GO hierarchy. The similarity between genes is computed based on this measure when it is applied to the GO-terms related to those genes. The method is based on the average of SimPLD between the GO terms annotated for both genes in a given gene pair. We evaluated the proposed method with a series of experiments on large groups of genes and proteins from two genomes: Saccharomyces database (SGD) and Drosophila Melanogaster (FlyBase); and one dataset of Human-Yeast protein pairs. The experimental results proved that the method has fairly impressive agreement with Blast sequence similarity. Therefore SimPLD can be used as an automated tool for determining the similarity between genes and proteins.
A sandwich CD7-ELISA for detection of solubilized CD7 from normal and leukemic T cells

Abstract CD7 is a T differentiation antigen which is useful in the identification of precursor T cells as well as an important marker for the identification of leukemic T cells. It has proved to be useful as a target for immunotherapy by immunotoxins in several clinical settings. Most monoclonal antibodies to this antigen bind to the same or similar epitope. We have produced a monoclonal antibody, 69, which identifies a different epitope as that of the prototypic mAb to CD7, 3A1. Using mAB 69, we have devised a sandwich CD7-ELISA to detect solubilized CD7 antigen, with mAb 69 in the solid phase as the capturing mAb. This assay is sensitive and is able to detect antigen present on 2–5 × 104 activated T cells. This assay has been used to study the fate of CD7 on the membrane and in the cytosol of T cells during the process of mitogenesis. We have also utilized this assay to demonstrate the presence of free CD7 antigen in culture supernatant of activated T cells. This method will be useful to analyze antigen recovery from bulk cell cultures or from molecularly engineered microbial organisms. In addition, the sandwich CD7-ELISA may prove useful in monitoring the effects of immunotherapy in patients with leukemia.
Recent Results on Relaying for LTE-Advanced

Relays are being proposed as key technology elements for LTE-Advanced (LTE-A). This paper shows that throughput gains of using relays in a cellular network (relative to a network without relays) are highly dependent on relay coverage which is defined as the percentage of users served by relays. System-level simulations and analysis is used to illustrate the impact of relay coverage on throughput performance. Techniques to further improve the performance gains are proposed.
AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE SYNDROME OF PARTIAL AGENESIS OF THE CORPUS CALLOSUM, PONTINE HYPOPLASIA, WHITE MATTER CHANGES, HYPOTONIA, MENTAL RETARDATION, AND DYSMORPHIC FEATURES. † 349

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE SYNDROME OF PARTIAL AGENESIS OF THE CORPUS CALLOSUM, PONTINE HYPOPLASIA, WHITE MATTER CHANGES, HYPOTONIA, MENTAL RETARDATION, AND DYSMORPHIC FEATURES. † 349
Fast ion confinement during high power tangential neutral beam injection into low plasma current discharges on the ISX-B tokamak

The beam ion thermalization process during tangential neutral beam injection in the ISX-B tokamak is investigated. The classical model is tested in co- and counter-injected discharges at low plasma current, a regime where large orbit width excursions enhance the importance of the loss regions. To test the model, experimental charge exchange spectra are compared with the predictions of an orbit following Monte Carlo code. Measurements of beam-plasma neutron emission and measured decay rates of the emission following beam turnoff provide additional information. Good agreement is found between theory and experiment. Furthermore, beam additivity experiments show that, globally, the confinement of beam ions remains classical, independently of the injected beam power. However, some experimental evidence suggests that the fast ion density in the plasma core did not increase with beam power in a way consistent with classical processes.
Social Control of the Ovarian Cycle and the Function of Estrous Synchrony

SYNOPSIS. The social signals among groups of females can either enhance or suppress ovariancyclicity. The ovarian cycle is not unitary, but is instead the integrated product of several different components which are each affected by social signals of different modalities. This interaction between female behavior and ovarian cycle components has different manifestations in different species. Depending on its temporal context and the social and physical environment, the same behavior/hormone interaction can take different forms. In some contexts, these interactions can be adaptive for the individual. In others, they can generate a strong epiphenomenon or artifact that may not confer a direct adaptive advantage itself, but still be necessary for other aspects of the coordination between social behavior and reproduction.
MSQ: A tool for quantification of proteomics data generated by a liquid chromatography/matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry based targeted quantitative proteomics platform

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantitative proteomics has become a critical component of biological and clinical research for identification of biomarkers that can be used for early detection of diseases. In particular, MS-based targeted quantitative proteomics has been recently developed for the detection and validation of biomarker candidates in complex biological samples. In such approaches, synthetic reference peptides that are the stable isotope labeled version of proteotypic peptides of proteins to be quantitated are used as internal standards enabling specific identification and absolute quantification of targeted peptides. The quantification of targeted peptides is achieved using the intensity ratio of a native peptide to the corresponding reference peptide whose spike-in amount is known. However, a manual calculation of the ratios can be time-consuming and labor-intensive, especially when the number of peptides to be tested is large. To establish a liquid chromatography/matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MALDI TOF/TOF)-based targeted quantitative proteomics pipeline, we have developed a software named Mass Spectrometry based Quantification (MSQ). This software can be used to automate the quantification and identification of targeted peptides/proteins by the MALDI TOF/TOF platform. MSQ was applied to the detection of a selected group of targeted peptides in pooled human cerebrospinal spinal fluid (CSF) from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in comparison with age-matched control (OC). The results for the automated quantification and identification of targeted peptides/proteins in CSF were in good agreement with results calculated manually.
Coordinate Measuring Machine Data Collector

Before the actual machining processes begin on certain steam turbine components, the coordinates of many points on the workpiece are collected and formated and used as data in a large computer program which controls machining parameters. The collection and formating of the input data are accomplished with a dual axis, six digit, Ferrand position readout and a three digit event counter each of which has auxiliary BCD outputs. The BCD outputs are connected to a Control Logic " L" Series Microcomputer. The microcomputer scans the BCD output from the Ferrand readout and the event counter, converts these data to even parity ASCII Code, properly formats the data and sends the results to an ASR-33 Teletypewriter. The tape generated on the Teletype is then used as input data by the machining parameters program mentioned earlier,
The use of conspecific chemical cues for cannibal avoidance in California newts (Taricha torosa)

Adult California newts, Taricha torosa (Caudata: Salamandridae), prey on both conspecific egg masses and larvae. We used both laboratory and field experiments to determine if newt larvae use conspecific chemical cues to avoid adult intraspecific predators. Larvae showed significant hiding responses when exposed to adult cues in both the field and the laboratory. Larvae did not exhibit significant hiding responses to chemical cues from invertebrate predators.
A secure voting scheme based on rational self-interest

We propose a scheme for secure voting that involves the candidates themselves in implementing the voting system. It exploits the competing interests (rivalry) and mutual distrust among the candidates to force an honest election.
Spark gap trigger amplifier with 1-msec recovery time

Abstract A spark-gap trigger amplifier with 1-msec recovery time has been developed for experiments using spark chambers with fast recovery time. The system utilize a spark gap operating under the ambient pressure as the high-current fast switching element, and is entirely self-contained. The system is capable of operating at 1 kHz for 1 sec burst, or 400 Hz continuously.
Early unplanned hospital readmission after acute traumatic injury: the experience at a state-designated level-I trauma center.

Abstract Background There is limited literature on early unplanned hospital readmission after acute traumatic injury, especially at suburban facilities. Methods A retrospective review of the trauma registry at a suburban, state-designated, level-I academic trauma center from July 2009 to June 2012 was performed for all admitted (≥24 hours) adult (age ≥18 years) trauma patients who were discharged alive, including unplanned readmissions within 30 days of discharge. Results Of 3,622 admitted adult trauma patients, 6.57% were readmitted at a median of 9 days. Major surgery was required in 15.9% patients on readmission. The mortality rate at readmission was 4.6%. Multiple factors were associated with readmission on univariate analysis; however, on multivariate analysis, only major comorbidities (odds ratio [OR], 1.53), hospital length of stay (OR, 1.01), abdominal Abbreviated Injury Score greater than or equal to 3 (OR, 2.10), and discharge to a skilled nursing facility or subacute facility (OR, 1.56) were significant predictors. Meanwhile, index admission to surgical services was associated with a significantly lower readmission risk (OR, .60). Conclusions Trauma patients are infrequently readmitted. Index admission to a surgical service reduces the risk of readmission. Earlier medical follow-up should be considered.
Directional Atherectomy and Balloon Angioplasty for Lower Extremity Arterial Disease

This study was undertaken to evaluate the use of directional atherectomy, balloon angioplasty, and video angioscopy in highly selected patients with superficial and popliteal artery stenoses. Directional atherectomy and balloon angioplasty for superficial femoral and popliteal artery stenosis (>80%) were performed in 96 limbs (88 patients) between 1990 and 1994. All procedures were performed by the authors with angioscopy and C-arm angiography. Society for Vascular Surgery/International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery (SVS/ISCVS) categorical classification of chronic limb ischemia and run off scoring was utilized pre- and postoperatively to assess outcome. The indicators for atherectomy were moderate claudication (category 2, 15% of limbs), severe claudication (category 3, 65%), ischemic rest pain (category 4, 12%), and tissue loss (category 5,12%). Morbidity was 6.0% with no perioperative mortality. All technically and (angiographically) successfully treated patients demonstrated postoperative improvement. Clinical assessment, vascular laboratory studies (outcome criteria), and/or angiography were monitored at follow-up visits. Intraoperative failures occurred in 6% of limbs due to inability to pass a guide wire (3%), impacted atherectomy catheter (1%), or vessel perforation (2%). In the remaining 90 limbs, 23% failed due to either progression of disease (7.7%) or restenosis at the original site (15.3%). Seventy-one percent of limbs maintained their postoperative categorical improvement at a mean follow up of 24 months. Combining atherectomy and balloon angiopiasty may bo more durable than angioplasty or atherectomy alone. A long-term prospective study of the role of directional atherectomy and balloon angioplasty by vascular surgeons appears to be warranted utilizing SVS/ISCVS guidelines for lower extremity chronic ischemia categories, runoff score, and outcome criteria for patency.
Developmental approaches to substance use and abuse.

In 1996 the Institute of Medicine (IOM, 1996) issued a report on pathways to addiction. Although focused on the use of illegal drugs, the recommendations of the committee are equally applicable to more socially condoned, but still addictive, substances such as alcohol. The IOM (1996) report articulated the types of research that would be needed to expand the understanding of the etiology of drug use disorders, including the following: (a) multidisciplinary research to investigate the combined effects of biological, psychosocial, and contextual factors as they relate to the development of drug use, abuse, and dependence; (b) studies of sufficient duration to enable follow-up of participants in determining the role of risk and protective factors related to the transition from drug use to abuse to dependence; (c) research investigating the role of family factors in the etiology of drug use and abuse; (d) examination of psychopathology as a precursor to drug use and abuse in adolescents and adults; (e) studies of risk and protective factors related to drug use and abuse, especially during discrete developmental stages; and (f) investigation of childhood risk and protective factors that are associated with drug abuse and dependence. In reflecting on these comprehensive goals, striking similarities emerge with respect to these research foci and the field of developmental psychopathology (Cicchetti & Cohen, 1995; Cicchetti & Toth, 1991). Specifically, the principles that guide inquiries conceptualized within a developmental psychopathology framework can be applied toward the conduct of studies designed to address the agenda generated by the IOM (1996) report on substance abuse.
The dynamic association between same-sex contact and educational attainment.

Abstract Previous studies have shown that sexual minorities and heterosexuals differ in the level of success in educational attainment. Because these studies treated sexual orientation as a static trait, they could not address how the dynamic aspect of sexual orientation impacts educational attainment. This study seeks to answer this question while focusing on sexual contact as an indicator of sexual orientation and highest educational degree obtained by young adulthood as an attainment outcome. Ordered logistic regression analysis was conducted using US data (the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health or “Add Health,” Waves 1–4). Among women, those who report same-sex contact obtain lower educational degrees than those without such contact regardless of its timing and continuity. Among men, those who report their first same-sex contact in young adulthood obtain higher degrees than others. These associations are explained by self-exploratory attitudes, depressive symptoms, and academic performance and expectations. These results help understand how same-sex sexual development creates opportunities and constraints in the educational attainment process, thereby extending the existing attainment literature, which concentrates on implications of heterosexual development.
Transferable potentials for phase equilibria. 8. United-atom description for thiols, sulfides, disulfides, and thiophene.

An extension of the transferable potentials for phase equilibria united-atom (TraPPE-UA) force field to thiol, sulfide, and disulfide functionalities and thiophene is presented. In the TraPPE-UA force field, nonbonded interactions are governed by a Lennard−Jones plus fixed point charge functional form. Partial charges are determined through a CHELPG analysis of electrostatic potential energy surfaces derived from ab initio calculations at the HF/6-31g+(d,p) level. The Lennard−Jones well depth and size parameters for four new interaction sites, S (thiols), S(sulfides), S(disulfides), and S(thiophene), were determined by fitting simulation data to pure-component vapor-equilibrium data for methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and thiophene, respectively. Configurational-bias Monte Carlo simulations in the grand canonical ensemble combined with histogram-reweighting methods were used to calculate the vapor−liquid coexistence curves for methanethiol, ethanethiol, 2-methyl-1-propanethiol, 2-methy...
Bathykorus bouilloni : a new genus and species of deep-sea jellyfish from the Arctic Ocean (Hydrozoa, Narcomedusae, Aeginidae)

A new genus and species of a common deep-water narcomedusa is described from the Arctic Ocean. The species has four primary tentacles, four secondary tentacles, with three interradial manubrial pouches in each quadrant. A revision and taxonomic key of the family Aeginidae is presented to account for the new genus. Detailed information on its fine-scale vertical and horizontal distributions show that it occurs in a fairly narrow depth range between 1400–2000 meters. The species was observed 423 times at eleven stations, demonstrating that new species can be common in the under-explored regions of the ocean.
Intervention Theory and Evaluating Efficacy

Policies shaping evaluation of psychological and educational interventions reflect a naive understanding of the broad nature and function of evaluative research. As a result, such policies are overemphasizing the evaluation of immediate intervention outcomes and undermining comprehensive intervention research. The presentation highlights the danger of this trend and illustrates how the focus of evaluation should be expanded not only to make a greater contribution to practice but to aid in the development of basic knowledge about the nature of interventions. To these ends, evaluation is explored as one of four basic intervention problems; specific examples are offered to underscore the type of basic intervention questions currently ignored and in need of scholarly attention.
Patterns and Practices in How Information Technology Spread around the World

Information technology spread around the world faster than most other technologies in recent centuries. A combination of eight approaches made this happen, each occurring simultaneously in varying degrees between the 1950s and the present.
Similarity metrics for categorization: From monolithic to category specific

Similarity metrics that are learned from labeled training data can be advantageous in terms of performance and/or efficiency. These learned metrics can then be used in conjunction with a nearest neighbor classifier, or can be plugged in as kernels to an SVM. For the task of categorization two scenarios have thus far been explored. The first is to train a single “monolithic” similarity metric that is then used for all examples. The other is to train a metric for each category in a 1-vs-all manner. While the former approach seems to be at a disadvantage in terms of performance, the latter is not practical for large numbers of categories. In this paper we explore the space in between these two extremes. We present an algorithm that learns a few similarity metrics, while simultaneously grouping categories together and assigning one of these metrics to each group. We present promising results and show how the learned metrics generalize to novel categories.