cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nitric oxide as an inflammatory mediator in autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr mice.

Nitric oxide (.NO) may exhibit proinflammatory features. .NO synthase type 2 (NOS2) is overexpressed and .NO overproduced in rodent models of induced inflammation. Blockage of .NO production by administration of NOS inhibitors prevents or reduces various types of induced inflammation in mice and rats. We have shown that autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr mice overexpress NOS2 and overproduce .NO in an age-dependent fashion that parallels expression of arthritis, glomerulonephritis, and vasculitis. Blocking .NO production by oral administration of the NOS inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine reduced the arthritis, glomerulonephritis, and vasculitis, but it did not modify serum anti-DNA antibody levels or glomerular deposition of immune complexes. When mice with genetically disrupted NOS2 were backcrossed to MRL-lpr/lpr mice, the resultant (-/-) mice expressed no NOS2 and produced no .NO, the wild-type (+/+) mice overexpressed NOS2 and overproduced .NO (in comparison to normal, control mice), and the heterozygous (+/-) mice expressed and produced intermediate levels. Nephritis and arthritis in the (-/-) mice were comparable to that in MRL-lpr/lpr mice, but vasculitis was markedly decreased. Levels of anti-DNA antibodies were comparable in all mice, but IgG rheumatoid factor production was markedly reduced in the (-/-) mice. These results of studies in MRL-lpr/lpr mice with genetically disrupted NOS2 highlight the heterogeneity and complexity of the role of NOS2 and .NO in inflammation.
An Evolutionary Algorithm Approach To Multi-Objective Scheduling Of Space Network Communications

We describe an evolutionary multi-objective optimization approach to the scheduling problem presented by the NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN). This network is the communications system that supports NASA and other space missions from high earth orbit to the outer planets. Today the DSN consists of a small number of large antennas, but in the future it is expected to incorporate several large arrays of smaller antennas that can be flexibly combined for each spacecraft communication session. Multi-objective techniques for schedule optimization have the attractive advantage of explicitly capturing the constraints and preferences of the missions that use the DSN, as well as those based on system-level considerations, and providing unique insight into trade-offs among competing requirements. We have investigated problem representation issues, objective and constraint formulations, and multi-objective optimization techniques that can be applied to this problem. We describe our initial results using an evolutionary algorithm on an illustrative sample problem (contention for a single antenna), and on a projected 2015 mission set with a three-site, 300 antenna array. The results are very promising, not only for generating initial schedules, but also for resolving conflicts where there is severe resource contention.
Breast Pathology Review: Does It Make a Difference?

Background. Breast pathology is a challenging field, and previous work has shown discrepancies in diagnoses, even among experts. We set out to determine whether mandatory pathology review changes the diagnosis or surgical management of breast disease. Methods. Cases were referred for pathology review after patients presented for surgical opinion to the Dubin Breast Center at Mount Sinai Medical Center over the course of 2 years. Surgical pathologists with expertise in breast disease reviewed slides submitted from the primary institution and rendered a second opinion diagnosis. Comparison of these reports was performed for evaluation of major changes in diagnosis and definitive surgical management. Results. A total of 306 patients with 430 biopsy specimens were reviewed. Change in diagnosis was documented in 72 (17 %) of 430 cases and change in surgical management in 41 (10 %). A change in diagnosis was more likely to occur in patients originally diagnosed with benign rather than malignant disease (31 vs. 7 %, p \ 0.001). Twelve (7 %) of 169 specimens initially diagnosed as benign were reclassified as malignant. A malignant diagnosis was changed to benign in 4 (2 %) of 261 cases. Change in diagnosis was less common in specimens originating from commercial laboratories than community hospitals or university hospitals (8, 19, 21 %, p = 0.023). Change in management was not dependent on initial institution. Type of biopsy specimen (surgical or core) did not influence diagnostic or management changes. Conclusions. We recommend considering breast pathology review based on the individual clinical scenario, regardless of initial pathologic diagnosis or originating institution.
The low temperature spin density wave transport: Effects of magnetic filed in (TMTSF)2PF6 and disorder in (TMTSF)2X's

Abstract At T = 0.5 K the effects of magnetic field in (TMTSF) 2 PF 6 and disorder in (TMTSF) 2 X alloys on the nonlinear conduction of spin-density wave states are investigated. The overall electric field dependence of conductivity can be described as a very weak dependence at low fields and a tunneling type expression of σ ( E ) = σ 0 exp(− E 0 / E ) for high fields. At low electric fields, the negative magnetoresistance and enhanced conductivity by disorder were observed. At high fields the characteristic field, E 0 , is increasing as increasing disorder while applying magnetic field only suppresses the conductivity coefficient, σ 0 , as much as the magnetoresistance for the single particle transport. The consequence of the observations is discussed.
A systematic review of the epidemiology of unintentional burn injuries in South Asia

BACKGROUND: Burns are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. We examined the epidemiology of unintentional burns in South Asia to identify trends and gaps in information. METHODS: A MEDLINE/PUBMED search (1970-2011) was undertaken on empirical studies that focused on burns in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Data analyzed included demographics, injury details and risk factors. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies were identified, mostly from India. Burns were more common among males at younger ages (0-12 years) and among females from adolescence onward (>14 years). Flame-related burns and scalds accounted for over 80% of burns in most cases, and were the most common types of injuries observed among children and women with most burns occurring in the home. Electrical burns occurred mostly among men. Important risk factors for burns included low socioeconomic status, being younger, wearing loose, flammable clothing and the use of kerosene. Data on care-seeking and treatment were limited. CONCLUSIONS: Preventing burns in the household in South Asia, particularly around kitchen activities, is essential. Children in South Asia are susceptible to burns and are an important target population. Future research should focus on filling the gaps in burn epidemiology found in this review. Language: en
Magnetic susceptibility of buckytubes

The measured room temperature magnetic susceptibility of a bulk sample of buckytubes (buckybundle) is −10.75 × 10−6 emu/g for the magnetic field parallel to the buckybundle axis, which is approximately 1.1 times the perpendicular value and 30 times larger than that of C60. The experimental results are discussed in terms of a graphite-like electronic structure model.
An extension of basic logic

A logical calculus Κ was defined in a previous paper and then shown in a subsequent paper to contain within itself a representation of every constructively definable subclass of expressions of a certain infinite class U of expressions, where Κ itself is one such subclass. (The former paper will be referred to as BL and the latter paper as RC.) The calculus Κ was called a “basic calculus” and its theorems were thought of as expressing the asserted propositions of a “basic logic,” that is, of a logic within which is definable every constructively definable system of logic and indeed every constructively definable class or relation. The notion of constructive definability was essentially equated with the notion of recursive enumerability.
Genotypic variation in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) exotic germplasm collections for drought and disease tolerance

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grain yield is severely affected by abiotic and biotic stresses during post-flowering stages, which has been aggravated by climate change. New parental lines having genes for various biotic and abiotic stress tolerances have the potential to mitigate this negative effect. Field studies were conducted under irrigated and dryland conditions with 128 exotic germplasm and 12 adapted lines to evaluate and identify potential sources for post-flowering drought tolerance and stalk and charcoal rot tolerances. The various physiological and disease related traits were recorded under irrigated and dryland conditions. Under dryland conditions, chlorophyll content (SPAD), grain yield and HI were decreased by 9, 44 and 16%, respectively, compared to irrigated conditions. Genotype RTx7000 and PI475432 had higher leaf temperature and grain yield, however, genotype PI570895 had lower leaf temperature and higher grain yield under dryland conditions. Increased grain yield and optimum leaf temperature was observed in PI510898, IS1212 and PI533946 compared to BTx642 (B35). However, IS14290, IS12945 and IS1219 had decreased grain yield and optimum leaf temperature under dryland conditions. Under irrigated conditions, stalk and charcoal rot disease severity was higher than under dryland conditions. Genotypes IS30562 and 1790E R had tolerance to both stalk rot and charcoal rot respectively and IS12706 was the most susceptible to both diseases. PI510898 showed combined tolerance to drought and Fusarium stalk rot under dryland conditions. The genotypes identified in this study are potential sources of drought and disease tolerance and will be used to develop better adaptable parental lines followed by high yielding hybrids.
Whole body dampening properties of a wheelchair rider

A model is developed to simulate the whole body dampening properties of a wheelchair rider. This model is based on a 4 pole, 2 zero, transfer function. The order of the model was determined by finding an inflection in the model order verses correlation curves. The model produced correlation between predicted accelerations at the rider's head and actual accelerations at the rider's head which averaged 0.84. The poles were found to be located in consistent positions within the unit circle. This transfer function can now be used for the purpose of correlating rider comfort with transmitted and absorbed accelerations without the need for mounting accelerometers on the individual and for quantitatively comparing wheelchair designs. >
Need fulfillment and motivation in physical education predict trajectories of change in leisure-time physical activity in early adolescence.

Abstract Objectives We examined (1) how psychological need fulfillment and motivation in physical education and leisure-time physical activity change during early adolescence, and (2) the degree to which need fulfillment and motivation predict trajectories of change in physical activity. Design Longitudinal survey. Methods Students ( N = 134, ages 10–13 years) completed surveys assessing perceived competence, autonomy, relatedness, intrinsic motivation, and identified, introjected, and external regulations in physical education, and leisure time physical activity each semester in school for 3 years. Results Unconditional growth models showed an average increase in physical activity. Competence also increased, while autonomy and relatedness, and identified and introjected regulation decreased. Conditional models showed that students with higher levels of autonomy, relatedness, intrinsic motivation, and identified regulation had higher levels of physical activity at baseline and throughout the study. Students with lower levels of autonomy, relatedness, intrinsic motivation, and identified regulation experienced significantly greater increases in physical activity, but these effects were very small. Conclusions Need fulfillment and motivation variables positively predict physical activity. While youth with lower levels of need fulfillment and motivation have lower levels of physical activity, they also tend to increase physical activity levels more across early adolescence. These associations highlight how physical education experiences in early adolescence may influence change in physical activity, and suggest efforts to foster need fulfillment and autonomous regulation in physical education may promote physical activity.
A comparative study of transformation functions for nonrigid image registration

Transformation functions play a major role in nonrigid image registration. In this paper, the characteristics of thin-plate spline (TPS), multiquadric (MQ), piecewise linear (PL), and weighted mean (WM) transformations are explored and their performances in nonrigid image registration are compared. TPS and MQ are found to be most suitable when the set of control-point correspondences is not large (fewer than a thousand) and variation in spacing between the control points is not large. When spacing between the control points varies greatly, PL is found to produce a more accurate registration than TPS and MQ. When a very large set of control points is given and the control points contain positional inaccuracies, WM is preferred over TPS, MQ, and PL because it uses an averaging process that smoothes the noise and does not require the solution of a very large system of equations. Use of transformation functions in the detection of incorrect correspondences is also discussed.
O Kaerinasai: Factors Related to Japanese Repatriation Adjustment

This study examined anticipatory and in-country individual, job, organizational, and non-job variables and their relationship with work, interaction, and general repatriation adjustment for Japanese managers. The study also directly tested the generalizability of measures and findings of recent theoretical and empirical work on repatriating American managers. Age, total time overseas, role discretion, role clarity, and social status were generally related to repatriation adjustment. Practical and research implications are explored.
A New Look at Oligopoly: Implicit Collusion Through Portfolio Diversification

In this paper, I develop a model of oligopoly with shareholder voting. Instead of assuming that firms maximize profits, the objective of the firms is decided by majority voting. This implies that portfolio diversification generates tacit collusion. In the limit, when all shareholders are completely diversified, the firms act as if they were owned by a single monopolist. In a model of general equilibrium oligopoly with shareholder voting, higher levels of wealth inequality and/or foreign ownership lead to higher markups and less efficiency. The empirical section of the paper studies the network of common ownership of publicly traded US corporations generated by institutional investors. I show that the density of the network more than tripled between 2000 and 2010. I explore the empirical relation between markups and networks of common ownership. The evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that common ownership acts as a partial form of integration between firms.
Evaluating effectiveness of time/area closures, quotas/caps, and fleet communications to reduce fisheries bycatch

Designing effective bycatch mitigation programmes requires an understanding of the life histories of target and non-target species, interactions of fish and fishing gear, effects of spatial and temporal shifts in fishing effort, socio-economic impacts to the fishery, and incentives of fishery participants. The effects of mitigation measures (including fishing gear modification, time/area closures, bycatch quotas and caps, incentive programs, and fleet communication programs) have been evaluated with respect to reducing bycatch and discards. Less attention has been focused on evaluating unanticipated results related to shifts in fishing effort, changes in the size of non-target species caught, reduced catch of target species, and economic viability to fishing fleets. Time/area closures, bycatch quotas/caps, and fleet communication programmes were evaluated against a set of criteria to assess overall effectiveness in reducing bycatch without causing unintended biological and socio-economic impacts. The results suggest that wide-ranging studies of species’ life histories, potential changes in fleet behaviour, and individual incentives are important for developing and implementing mitigation programmes. Combining a suite of mitigation techniques has been successful in meeting biological and socio-economic fisheries goals. Additionally, collaborative programmes that utilize the skill sets of fishers, scientists, and managers have increased effectiveness in meeting bycatch reduction objectives.
A user interface toolkit based on graphical objects and constraints

One of the most difficult aspects of creating graphical, direct manipulation user interfaces is managing the relationships between the graphical objects on the screen and the application data structures that they represent. Coral (Constraint-based Object-oriented Relations And Language) is a new user interface toolkit under development that uses efficiently-implemented constraints to support these relationships. Using Coral, user interface designers can construct interaction techniques such as menus and scroll bars. More importantly, Coral makes it easy to construct direct-manipulation user interfaces specialized to particular applications. Unlike previous constraint-based toolkits, Coral supports defining constraints in the abstract, and then applying them to different object instances. In addition, it provides iteration constructs where lists of items (such as those used in menus) can be constrained as a group. Coral has two interfaces: a declarative interface that provides a convenient way to specify the desired constraints, and a procedural interface that will allow a graphical user interface management system (UIMS) to automatically create Coral calls.
Predictors of prevalent statin use among older adults identified as statin initiators based on Medicare claims data

Purpose Few studies have evaluated the degree to which prescription drug initiators are correctly identified using claims data. We examine the prevalence and predictors of recent statin possession in statin initiators identified using claims data. Methods Among Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) respondents, we used Medicare Part D claims from 2006 to 2011 to identify statin initiators using a 12-month baseline period of no prior statin claims. Using MCBS interview data, we identified those with self-reported statins obtained during the baseline period. We used log-binomial regression to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (adjPR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for predictors of recent statin possession. Results Among 766 statin initiators identified in prescription claims, 155 (20%) reported recent statin possession during baseline. Beneficiaries with no Part D claims in the past 30 days (adjPR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.13, 1.96), those with no inpatient, outpatient or physician visits in the past 30 days (adjPR = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.11, 2.03), those with a brand name statin index claim (adjPR = 1.55, 95%CI: 1.19, 2.02), and those with an index claim in January or February (adjPR = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.00, 2.26) had an increased probability of recent statin possession. Conclusions In a cohort of statin initiators identified using prescription claims, 20% had evidence of statin possession during the baseline period. Pharmacoepidemiologic new user studies may benefit from including sensitivity analyses within subgroups less likely to include prevalent users to assess the robustness of key findings to misidentification of the time of treatment initiation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postecdysial Changes in the Protein and Glycoprotein Composition of the Cuticle of the Blue Crab Callinectes sapidus

ABSTRACT Postecdysial modifications of the cuticle of Callinectes sapidus were evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of soluble protein extracts. Gels stained with Coomassie blue and with silver demonstrated that major changes in protein composition or mobility occurred immediately after ecdysis. Electroblots of SDS-PAGE gels were probed with various biotinylated lectins. The patterns of lectin binding were also markedly different between blots of pre- and postecdysial cuticle extracts, demonstrating a change in glycosylation or glycoprotein mobility in the early postecdysial period. The dramatic alteration in cuticular composition is concurrent with the onset of sclerotization and mineralization of the preexuvially deposited layers of the cuticle.
Synthesis and Structures of Triple-Decker Complexes with a Bridging Tetramethylcyclopentadienyl Ligand

New triple-decker complexes with bridging tetramethylcyclopentadienyl ligands were synthesized by the reaction of electrophilic metal fragments with octamethylferrocene, Cp′2Fe (Cp′ = C5Me4H). The reaction of coordinatively unsaturated ruthenium cations [(C5R5)Ru]+ (R = H, CH3) with Cp′2Fe afforded purple-colored heterometallic triple-decker complexes [(C5R5)Ru(μ-Cp′)FeCp′]+ by direct electrophilic addition. Surprisingly, the analogous reaction with the coordinatively unsaturated manganese cation [Mn(CO)3]+ and Cp′2Fe produced a blue homometallic triple-decker complex, [Cp′Fe(μ-Cp′)FeCp′]+, by ring abstraction and subsequent addition of the newly generated cation [Cp′Fe]+ to an equivalent of Cp′2Fe. Three air-stable triple-decker complexes, [Cp′Fe(μ-Cp′)FeCp′]+ (2), [CpRu(μ-Cp′)FeCp′]+ (3), and [Cp*Ru(μ-Cp′)FeCp′]+ (4), have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
A Comprehensive, High-Quality Orthopedic Intern Surgical Skills Program

Objectives To design and implement a month-long, low-cost, comprehensive surgical skills curriculum built to address the needs of orthopedic surgery interns with high satisfaction among both interns and faculty. Design The study design was retrospective and descriptive. Setting The study was conducted at tertiary care referral center with a medium sized orthopedic residency surgery program (5 residents/year). Participants Totally 5 orthopedic surgery residents and 16 orthopedic surgery faculty participated. Results A general mission was established—to orient the resident to the postgraduate year 1 and prepare them for success in residency. The basic tenets of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgeons surgical skills program framework were built. Curricular additions included anatomic study, surgical approaches, joint-specific physical examination, radiographic interpretation, preoperative planning, reduction techniques, basic emergency and operating room procedures, cadaveric procedure practice, and introduction to arthroplasty. The program was held in August during protected time for intern participants. In total, 16 orthopedic surgeons instructed 85% of the educational sessions. One faculty member did most of the preparation and organization to facilitate the program. The program ran for a cumulative 89 hours, including 14.5 hours working with cadaveric specimens. The program cost a total of $8100. The average module received a 4.15 rating on a 5-point scale, with 4 representing “good” and 5 representing “excellent.” Conclusions The program was appropriately timed and addressed topics relevant to the intern without sacrificing clinical experience or burdening inpatient services with interns’ absence. The program received high satisfaction ratings from both the interns as well as the faculty. Additionally, the program fostered early relationships between interns and faculty—an unforeseen benefit. In the future, our program plans to better integrate validated learning metrics and improve instruction pertaining to both fluoroscopic examination and arthrocentesis.
Experimental Research on Hot Forming Process of A335P92 Steel

Based on analyzing the deformation characteristics of hot forming pipe fittings with A335P92 steel,the hot forming process of A335P92 steel is proposed,which is proved to be feasible by tests and inspection of products.It is shown for the hot forming process of A335P92 steel by tests that the heating temperature is 950～1 100 ℃,the heating preservation time is 1～2 h.In addition,some defects such as flaws will not occur after hot forming between 650 ℃ and 1 100 ℃ even though by water quench,and free cooling is permitted.
Reduced active switch AC to DC rectifier with high frequency isolation for electric vehicle chargers

This paper presents a reduced active switch count push-pull based DC fast charger for electric vehicles. The proposed system takes a 3-phase utility line voltage and produces a high frequency (HF) AC link employing only two active switches. A 5-limb HF transformer, in zig-zag connection, is employed for isolation. The primary side of the transformer is connected to a clamp circuit and two active semiconductor devices which provide a 3-phase HF AC link. The secondary side of the transformer is connected to a twelve pulse rectifier to achieve AC to DC conversion. The output of the rectifier is then interfaced to an electric vehicle's battery bank. The advantages of the proposed system include low active switch count, simple control strategy, and high input current quality. Furthermore, employing zig-zag connection in the secondary side helps to balance transformer leakage inductance. A design example rated at 50 kW charging a 500V battery is presented. Mathematical analysis and simulation results demonstrate the performance of the proposed system. Experimental results, with a medium frequency zig-zag transformer, at 1.6 kW validate the operation of the system.
Acute parvovirus B19 infection detected in bone marrow biopsy.

![Figure][1] A 45-year-old woman with a history of renal transplant and immunosuppressive therapy presented with worsening anemia (hemoglobin, 6.1 g/dL). The bone marrow (BM) demonstrated normocellularity (50%) and erythroid hypoplasia with lack of erythroid maturation. Several giant
Relationship between Internalization and mRNA Decay in Down-Regulation of Recombinant Type 1 Angiotensin II Receptor (AT1) Expression in Smooth Muscle Cells

In vascular smooth muscle cells, the hormone angiotensin II is thought to cause internalization of the seven-transmembrane domain type 1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1-R) but it also suppresses expression of the receptor mRNA. As for similarly regulated members of this gene superfamily, the relative roles of these processes in receptor down-regulation are not well understood. In this study a recombinant AT1-R mRNA was synthesized in A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells from a tetracycline-suppressible promoter using a retroviral vector system. Angiotensin II induces a profound internalization of the cell surface AT1-R protein but has no effect on steady-state AT1-R mRNA levels. Shortly after either bolus or prolonged dosing with angiotensin II, cell surface AT1-R expression recovers, indicating the existence of a significant restorative externalization pathway. The extent of this recovery is attenuated markedly when transcription of the recombinant AT1-R gene is suppressed by cotreatment of the cells with anhydrotetracycline. Although agonist-stimulated internalization appears to contribute directly to a loss of AT1-R protein, these observations provide direct evidence that a reduction in AT1-R mRNA content plays a significant role in sustained AT1-R down-regulation.
Thumbnail Summarization Techniques for Web Archives

Thumbnails of archived web pages as they appear in common browsers such as Firefox or Chrome can be useful to convey the nature of a web page and how it has changed over time. However, creating thumbnails for all archived web pages is not feasible for large collections, both in terms of time to create the thumbnails and space to store them. Furthermore, at least for the purposes of initial exploration and collection understanding, people will likely only need a few dozen thumbnails and not thousands. In this paper, we develop different algorithms to optimize the thumbnail creation procedure for web archives based on information retrieval techniques. We study different features based on HTML text that correlate with changes in rendered thumbnails so we can know in advance which archived pages to use for thumbnails. We find that SimHash correlates with changes in the thumbnails i¾?=0.59, p<0.005. We propose different algorithms for thumbnail creation suitable for different applications, reducing the number of thumbnails to be generated to 9% --- 27% of the total size.
Association of a chromosomal 3;21 translocation with the blast phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia

An identical reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 3 and 21 with breakpoints in bands 3q26 and 21q22, t(3;21)(q26;q22), was found in three male patients with the blast phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The abnormality was clonal in all three patients and was always accompanied by either a standard or variant 9;22 translocation resulting in a Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1). In two cases, the t(3;21) was the only abnormality other than a t(9;22) in the primary clone. Serial studies of one patient demonstrated that the t(3;21) occurred as a result of clonal evolution near the time of development of the blast phase. We have not observed the t(3;21) in greater than 500 patients with CML in the chronic phase. Thus, the t(3;21) is a new recurring cytogenetic abnormality associated with the blast phase of CML.
The ethics of online research with unsuspecting users: From A/B testing to C/D experimentation

This article analyzes recent cases of company-sponsored online experiments with unsuspecting users and discusses the ethical aspects of such experimentation. These cases illustrate a new type of on...
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Cells Alter the Bone Marrow Microenvironment By Inducing Osteogenic and Suppressing Adipogenic Differentiation of MSCs through BMP-RUNX2-CTGF Mediated Mechanisms

Abstract Osteoprogenitor cells are a critical component of the bone marrow microenvironment (BME), support AML cell growth (Raaijmakers et al., Nature, 2010); however the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Here, we hypothesize that AML cells induce osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells to gain growth advantage. We have isolated age matched (between 40-70 years) bone marrow derived MSCs from AML patients (AML-MSC, n=20) and normal (N-MSC, n=10) individuals and analyzed their cell growth, cell surface phenotype and multi-lineage differentiation. AML-MSCs are phenotypically different with larger cell surface area and lower cell growth compared to N-MSCs. The average doubling time of AML-MSCs is 52±8hrs compared to 34±6hours for N-MSCs (p 95% reduction (p Disclosures Konopleva: Novartis: Research Funding; AbbVie: Research Funding; Stemline: Research Funding; Calithera: Research Funding; Threshold: Research Funding.
Arbitrary and self-configuring optics — New opportunities for integrated and nano photonics

Modern integrated optical technologies offer new flexibilities, and emerging applications like mode multiplexing, quantum networks, and microwave photonics demand complex components. Recent developments show such arbitrary optics can be designed, including self-configuration, correction and stabilization.
The process f f ¯ → W L W L

We calculate the amplitude for the process $f\overline{f}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{W}_{L}{W}_{L}$ to one-loop order in the energy region ${m}_{\mathrm{top}}\ensuremath{\simeq}{M}_{W}\ensuremath{\ll}{E}_{W}\ensuremath{\ll}{m}_{\mathrm{Higgs}}$, keeping only the leading $\mathrm{ln}({m}_{\mathrm{Higgs}})$ terms. We also present the calculation for $f\overline{f}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\varphi}\ensuremath{\varphi}$ ($\ensuremath{\varphi}=\mathrm{Higgs}\mathrm{ghost}$); this provides a check of the results of the equivalence theorem, according to which the leading energy term for the ${W}_{L}$ amplitude is given by the corresponding $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ amplitude. We emphasize the case $f=t$, ${m}_{t}\ensuremath{\simeq}{M}_{W}$.
Response to Major Injury

Major injury is associated with a systemic inflammatory response that can lead to multiple organ failure which is recognized as the leading cause of late mortality in trauma patients. Severe injury leads to ischemia-reperfusion injury or tissue damage that causes the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These DAMPs trigger a cascade of events including the coordinated response of innate immune cells and activation of the coagulation and complement cascades. Understanding the systemic inflammatory response to injury is critical to the care of the injured patient. This chapter reviews the pathobiology of the systemic inflammatory response to major trauma and considers the deleterious effects of the uncontrolled host response to injury.
Screening for Preeclampsia: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.

Importance Preeclampsia affects approximately 4% of pregnancies in the United States. It is the second leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide and may lead to serious maternal complications, including stroke, eclampsia, and organ failure. Adverse perinatal outcomes for the fetus and newborn include intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, and stillbirth. Many of the complications associated with preeclampsia lead to early induction of labor or cesarean delivery and subsequent preterm birth. Subpopulation Considerations Preeclampsia is more prevalent among African American women than among white women. Differences in prevalence may be, in part, due to African American women being disproportionally affected by risk factors for preeclampsia. African American women also have case fatality rates related to preeclampsia 3 times higher than rates among white women. Inequalities in access to adequate prenatal care may contribute to poor outcomes associated with preeclampsia in African American women. Objective To update the 1996 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for preeclampsia. Evidence Review The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on the accuracy of screening and diagnostic tests for preeclampsia, the potential benefits and harms of screening for preeclampsia, the effectiveness of risk prediction tools, and the benefits and harms of treatment of screen-detected preeclampsia. Findings Given the evidence that treatment can reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, and the well-established accuracy of blood pressure measurements, the USPSTF found adequate evidence that screening for preeclampsia results in a substantial benefit for the mother and infant. In addition, there is adequate evidence to bound the harms of screening for and treatment of preeclampsia as no greater than small. Therefore, the USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that there is a substantial net benefit of screening for preeclampsia in pregnant women. Conclusions and Recommendation The USPSTF recommends screening for preeclampsia in pregnant women with blood pressure measurements throughout pregnancy. (B recommendation)
The Missing Account of Progressive Corporate Criminal Law

This Article offers a modern progressive account of corporate criminal law using foundational principles of twentieth century progressivism. The central role of science and advancing technology define the architecture of this account. Some of the intractable challenges of using the criminal law to regulate corporations are reviewed, followed by a recognition of a remarkable convergence of corporate compliance standards, measures, practices, and insights from conventional, plural, and polycentric theories of regulation. This is a convergence of informal corporate social controls offering a potentially powerful opportunity for the promotion of modern progressive interests, practices, and advocacy. Next, the two pillars of twentieth century progressivism, the instrumental use of science and social control, are discussed. A “compliance conundrum,” it is argued, undermines corporate commitments to compliance science, technology, and more effective social controls. This conundrum contributes to a compliance game where corporate and regulatory players placate each other with an outcome that often has little to do with greater law abidance. With a glimmer hope, this Article concludes by considering the unique position of progressives to disrupt the compliance game while promoting corporate criminal justice.
Biomechanical adaptations during running differ based on type of exercise and fitness level

Lower extremity injuries are most common in more active and fit individuals, suggesting that adaptations from neuromuscular fatigue may differ depending on type of exercise and fitness level. The purpose of this study was to compare changes in gait in highly fit and recreationally active individuals before and after two exercise protocols. Lower extremity kinematics and kinetics were measured on the dominant leg during running before and after two exercise protocols (walking/sport) from 0 to 100% of gait in 24 healthy individuals divided into higher (n=13) and lower fitness (n=11) groups. Change scores were calculated for each point of the gait cycle with 95% confidence intervals. There were no differences between groups in knee or hip kinematics and kinetics in response to the walking exercise protocol, however the higher fit group increased trunk extension and the lower fit group increased trunk lateral flexion after walking exercise. After the sport exercise, the higher fit group increased knee extension, knee valgus, trunk extension, knee flexion moment, knee varus moment, knee abduction moment, knee internal rotation moment, and hip flexion moment compared to the lower fit group. The lower fit group increased hip extension, hip abduction, hip internal rotation, trunk lateral flexion, trunk rotation, and knee external rotation moment compared the higher fit group after sport exercise. Greater between group differences were found with sport exercise compared to walking exercise. It is important to consider type of exercise and fitness level when assessing altered movement patterns in response to fatiguing exercise.
Association of Omics Features with Histopathology Patterns in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Summary Adenocarcinoma accounts for more than 40% of lung malignancy, and microscopic pathology evaluation is indispensable for its diagnosis. However, how histopathology findings relate to molecular abnormalities remains largely unknown. Here, we obtained H&E-stained whole-slide histopathology images, pathology reports, RNA sequencing, and proteomics data of 538 lung adenocarcinoma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas and used these to identify molecular pathways associated with histopathology patterns. We report cell-cycle regulation and nucleotide binding pathways underpinning tumor cell dedifferentiation, and we predicted histology grade using transcriptomics and proteomics signatures (area under curve >0.80). We built an integrative histopathology-transcriptomics model to generate better prognostic predictions for stage I patients (p = 0.0182 ± 0.0021) compared with gene expression or histopathology studies alone, and the results were replicated in an independent cohort (p = 0.0220 ± 0.0070). These results motivate the integration of histopathology and omics data to investigate molecular mechanisms of pathology findings and enhance clinical prognostic prediction.
Switchgrass and Giant Miscanthus Biomass and Theoretical Ethanol Production from Reclaimed Mine Lands

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and giant miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus Greef & Deuter ex Hodkinson & Renvoize) are productive on marginal lands in the eastern USA, but their productivity and composition have not been compared on mine lands. Our objectives were to compare biomass production, composition, and theoretical ethanol yield (TEY) and production (TEP) of these grasses on a reclaimed mined site. Following 25 years of herbaceous cover, vegetation was killed and plots of switchgrass cultivars Kanlow and BoMaster and miscanthus lines Illinois and MBX-002 were planted in five replications. Annual switchgrass and miscanthus yields averaged 5.8 and 8.9 Mg dry matter ha−1, respectively, during 2011 to 2015. Cell wall carbohydrate composition was analyzed via near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy with models based on switchgrass or mixed herbaceous samples including switchgrass and miscanthus. Concentrations were higher for glucan and lower for xylan in miscanthus than in switchgrass but TEY did not differ (453 and 450 L Mg−1, respectively). In response to biomass production, total ethanol production was greater for miscanthus than for switchgrass (5594 vs 3699 L ha−1), did not differ between Kanlow and BoMaster switchgrass (3880 and 3517 L ha−1, respectively), and was higher for MBX-002 than for Illinois miscanthus (6496 vs 4692 L ha−1). Relative to the mixed feedstocks model, the switchgrass model slightly underpredicted glucan and slightly overpredicted xylan concentrations. Estimated TEY was slightly lower from the switchgrass model but both models distinguished genotype, year, and interaction effects similarly. Biomass productivity and TEP were similar to those from agricultural sites with marginal soils.
Handling and interpretation of crossbow injuries

The longbow and crossbow are infrequently encountered by the forensic pathologist. As these weapons become more popular for sport and hunting, more fatalities may be anticipated. Three crossbow deaths (two homicides and one suicide) are presented. Included is the first report of a multiple shot death. The design and physics of the crossbow are described. The proper preservation of evidence, as well as wound analysis and interpretation, in such deaths are detailed.
On magnetostrophic mean-field solutions of the geodynamo equations. Part 2

A dynamo driven by motions unaffected by viscous forces is termed ‘magnetostrophic’, but cannot be found through today’s numerical simulations, which require substantial viscosity to stabilize solutions of the full magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) dynamo equations. By using an alternative numerical technique, proposed by Taylor (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol. 274, 1963, pp. 274–283), we recently obtained the first magnetostrophic dynamo solutions ever derived (Wu & Roberts, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., vol. 109, 2014, pp. 84–110). These were axisymmetric and of mean-field type. In an earlier paper (Roberts & Wu, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., vol. 108, 2014, pp. 696–715), we proposed an extension of Taylor’s method. Here we explore its numerical implications, comparing them to the consequences of Taylor’s original proposal. One of the differences between the two approaches is that our modification retains torsional waves but Taylor’s theory does not. A more important difference is that our extension of Taylor’s method is, for reasons presented here, the most general possible that does not suffer from the limitations imposed by viscosity on today’s numerical simulations.
Existing and Future Siting Patterns of Electric Utility Power Plants

Many siting studies have been done at national, regional, and local scales for selected technologies. Yet, none have tried to project all of the sites that are needed for virtually all electricity generating technologies. In this chapter existing sites are inventoried and new sites are projected on national and regional bases. An analysis based on projections of approximately 3.0% per year electricity demand growth rate concludes that between 4630 and 5660 total sites may be required by the year 2000. This range results from two scenarios based on asumptions of plant size and expanded use of existing plant sites. Regional allocation of sites and various siting factors are presented for many generating technologies.
Research on Adventitious Rooting: Where Do We Go from Here?

Agronomists, horticulturists and silviculturists have been eminently successful in manipulating rooting of cuttings of many species of plants using auxin treatments and various environmental variables in conjunction with a knowledge of the optimum stage of development of the mother plant for root initiation. Much of this success has come as a result of empirical research. However, even with this successful research effort, there are still many species, particularly in their mature phase of development, which cannot be successfully propagated from cuttings on a commercial scale. In these cases, a better understanding of the mechanisms that control the root initiation process might be useful in efforts to improve rooting.
The in vitro cytotoxic and radiation sensitizing effects of docetaxel (Taxotere) and a novel taxane RPR116258 on Glioblastoma cell lines

1455 Current estimates suggest that at least 18,000 patients will be diagnosed with a primary malignant brain tumor in the United States in 2004. At least two thirds of these patients will die from their disease within one year; the majority with progressive glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a highly aggressive, infiltrative malignant glioma. Standard treatment strategies for GBM include surgical resection or debulking followed by radiation therapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Despite this multi-modality approach, the median survival of all patients with GBM is only 9 to 12 months with negligible survival rates at 3 years. Because current therapeutic strategies are largely ineffective, novel strategies and therapies must be developed. We are interested in the efficacy of docetaxel and a novel oral taxane with blood-brain barrier permeability, RPR116258, as therapeutic agents in the treatment of GBM either as single agents or in combination with radiation. Taxanes function as anti-mitotic agents by promoting polymerization of microtubules and reducing depolymerization. Paclitaxel (Taxol) and docetaxel (Taxotere), the most widely studied taxanes, have activity against a wide range of solid tumors and paclitaxel has demonstrated radiation-sensitizing effects. We evaluated the cytotoxicity of docetaxel and RPR116258 using clonogenic survival assays in three GBM cell lines: SNB19, U251 and U138. A cell line specific effect was observed with IC50 values ranging from 0.2 to 2 nM. RPR116258 and docetaxel demonstrated similar cytotoxic efficacy in U251 and U138 cells, while SNB19 cells had a two fold lower IC50 value with RPR116258 (0.24 nM ± 0.03 SEM) than with docetaxel (0.49 nM ± 0.07 SEM). Both docetaxel and RPR116258 appeared to act as radiation sensitizing agents in all cell lines. At relevant doses of 2 Gy, surviving fractions in the taxane/XRT treated groups were 3-5 fold lower than the survival observed after radiation alone. Ongoing laboratory studies are focused on elucidating the mechanism of action of the observed radiation sensitization effect. Based on these observations and the ability of RPR116258 to partition across the blood-brain barrier, further in vivo experiments with drug and drug/radiation combinations in animals with intracranial tumor explants are planned.
Management of Constitutional Symptoms

Constitutional symptoms are general as opposed to local symptoms which affect the cancer patient’s entire system. This “systemic symptomatology” is most often a complex of multiple symptoms which are interrelated, which develop sequentially, and which reinforce one another. For example, physical weakness due to illness may cause a depressed self-image and promote withdrawal which in turn brings on somnolence and disinterest in normal activities, such as ingesting food. A vicious cycle develops which if untreated can have a serious impact on a patient’s physical and emotional well being.