cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: the importance of morphologic and molecular interactions

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a lesion characterized by significant heterogeneity, in terms of morphology, immunohistochemical staining, molecular signatures, and clinical expression. For some patients, surgical excision provides adequate treatment, but a subset of patients will experience recurrence of DCIS or progression to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Recent years have seen extensive research aimed at identifying the molecular events that characterize the transition from normal epithelium to DCIS and IDC. Tumor epithelial cells, myoepithelial cells, and stromal cells undergo alterations in gene expression, which are most important in the early stages of breast carcinogenesis. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, together with microRNA alterations, play a major role in these genetic events. In addition, tumor proliferation and invasion is facilitated by the lesional microenvironment, which includes stromal fibroblasts and macrophages that secrete growth factors and angiogenesis-promoting substances. Characterization of DCIS on a molecular level may better account for the heterogeneity of these lesions and how this manifests as differences in patient outcome and response to therapy. Molecular assays originally developed for assessing likelihood of recurrence in IDC are recently being applied to DCIS, with promising results. In the future, the classification of DCIS will likely incorporate molecular findings along with histologic and immunohistochemical features, allowing for personalized prognostic information and therapeutic options for patients with DCIS. This review summarizes current data regarding the molecular characterization of DCIS and discusses the potential clinical relevance.
Accelerometer-Based, Portable Navigation Versus Large Console Computer Navigation in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Introduction Computer assisted surgery (CAS) systems have been shown to improve alignment accuracy in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), yet concerns regarding increased costs, operative times, pin sites, and the learning curve associated with CAS techniques have limited its widespread acceptance. The purpose of this study was to compare the alignment accuracy of an accelerometer-based, portable navigation device (KneeAlignO 2) to a large console, imageless CAS system (AchieveCAS). Our hypothesis is that no significant difference in alignment accuracy will be appreciated between the portable, accelerometer-based system, and the large-console, imageless navigation system. Methods 62 consecutive patients, and a total of 80 knees, received a posterior cruciate substituting TKA using the Achieve CAS computer navigation system. Subsequently, 65 consecutive patients, and a total of 80 knees, received a posterior cruciate substituting TKA using the KneeAlignO 2 to perform both the distal femoral and proximal tibial resections (femoral guide seen in Figure 1, and tibial guide seen in Figure 2). Postoperatively, standing AP hip-to-ankle radiographs were obtained for each patient, from which the lower extremity mechanical axis, tibial component varus/valgus mechanical alignment, and femoral component varus/valgus mechanical alignment were digitally measured. Each measurement was performed by two, blinded independent observers, and interclass correlation for each measurement was calculated. All procedures were performed using a thigh pneumatic tourniquet, and the total tourniquet time for each procedure was recorded. Results In the KneeAlignO 2 cohort, 92.5% of patients had an alignment within 3° of a neutral mechanical axis (vs. 86.3% with AchieveCAS, p The interclass correlation coefficient for measurement of the postoperative tibial alignment was 0.92, for femoral alignment was 0.85, and for overall lower extremity alignment was 0.94. Conclusion Accelerometer-based, portable navigation can provide the same degree of alignment accuracy as large console, imageless CAS system in TKA, while also decreasing operative times. The KneeAlignO 2 successfully combines the benefits and accuracy of large-console, CAS systems, while avoiding the use of extra pin sites, decreasing operative times, and providing a level of familiarity with conventional alignment methods.
Chronic Histoincompatibility and Lymphomagetosis in Mice

There is a growing body of knowledge suggesting that immunological factors may play a critical role in the induction of neoplasms. Apart from the evidence that immunosuppression per se may permit the growth and development of autochthonous tumor cells bearing neoantigens, it is possible that lymphoproliferative diseases such as malignant lymphomas may be the consequence of chronic, persistent histoincompatibility reactions involving immunocompetent cells, in a host animal which for one of several causes may, in effect, be an isoantigenic mosaic or chimera. Such a possibility derives not only from certain theoretical formulations by Burnet (l), Tyler (2), Dameshek and Schwartz (3), and Kaplan and Smithers (4), but also from earlier observations in two different types of experiments: the incidence of lymphomas in mouse radiation bone marrow chimeras from our laboratory (5), and the work of Schwartz and Beldotti (6) and of Walford and Hildeman (T), on the occurrence in popxilations of mice subjected to graft-versus-host reactions.
European Pine Sawfly Control with Aircraft Application of Concentrate Insecticidal Sprays

Ultra-low-volume (ULV) and concentrate insecticidal sprays were applied by aircraft to plantation Scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris L., to control larvae of Neodiprion sertifer Geoffroy. Complete control was achieved with malathion 95% ULV at 10 and 16 fluid ounces (fl oz) per acre, oxydemetonmethyl 4 pounds per gallon concentrate at 12 and 16 fl oz per acre, and Dursban ( O,O -diethyl O -3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate) 4 pounds per gallon concentrate at 16 fl oz per acre. Malathion 95% ULV and Baygon® ( o -isopropoxyphenyl methylcarbamate) 2 pounds per gallon concentrate at 8 fl oz per acre gave satisfactory control. It is believed that this is the minimum dosage required to control completely the larvae on plantation pine. The 1½ fl oz per acre application of Baygon 4 pounds per gallon concentrate controlled larvae in the tops of trees but did not affect those on the lower portions of the trees. Poor control was attributed to the insufficient amount of chemical applied.
Atomically resolved electronic structure of pyrite {100} surfaces; an experimental and theoretical investigation with implications for reactivity

Clean pyrite {100} surfaces, generated by cleaving in UHV, were investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy for the purpose of understanding the electronic structure at the surface. Calculations of the surface atomic structure and LEED data support a {100} surface structure that undergoes very little relaxation and can be approximated by a simple termination of the bulk structure along a plane of cleaved Fe-S bonds. UPS spectra show a well defined peak at approximately 1 eV forming the top of the valence band for the near surface. Calculated densities of states for the bulk crystal suggest that this band is comprised primarily of non-bonding Fe 3d t 2g character and lesser S 3p and Fe 3d e g character. Slab calculations predict that the loss of coordination at the surface results primarily in the displacement of Fe 3d z2 -like surface states into the bulk band gap. Evidence for this surface state is found in low bias STM imaging and normalized single-point tunneling spectra. Calculations of the LDOS at surface Fe and S sites indicate that the highest occupied state is primarily of 3d z2 -like character and the lowest unoccupied state is of mixed Fe 3d z2 -S 3p character. The results predict that due to the dangling bond surface states, Fe sites are energetically favored over S 2 sites for redox interaction with electron donors or acceptor species on this surface. Surface redox reactions are expected to involve the quenching of these high energy dangling bonds, leading to new bonds and surface species, changing the chemical makeup of the surface.
Dwarfism in healthy children; its possible relation to emotional nutritional and endocrine disturbances.

CHILDREN in good health who are receiving an adequate diet tend to follow a relatively standard pattern of growth and maturation. Although moderate deviations from the average trend are commonly considered to be normal physiologic variations, extreme deviations suggest that some abnormality exists. In the past few years more than 100 abnormally short children have been encountered in the pediatric clinics of this hospital. In approximately 50 per cent of these patients the stunted growth could be related to a definite disturbance in the pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, hepatic, skeletal or endocrinologic system. There remained, however, a group of 28 . . .
Brain SPECT and the Effect of Cerebral Angioplasty in Delayed Ischemia due to Vasospasm

Cerebral vasospasm is a major determinant of outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Brain SPECT with 99mTc-HMPAO was obtained before and after cerebral angioplasty in 10 patients with delayed ischemia due to vasospasm. Eight patients had clinically evident neurologic improvement after the procedure. Visual interpretation and an internal-reference (cerebellum), manual, semi-quantitative region of interest (ROI) analysis revealed improvement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 9 out of 10. There were disagreements between the visual and ROI analysis in the two that did not improve clinically. For all 10, the average increase per anterior circulation vessel dilated (n = 17) was 8.8% by comparison of the corticocerebellar ratios. For the eight that improved, the average increase was 10.5%. Brain SPECT is valuable for evaluating delayed cerebral ischemia caused by vasospasm after SAH and is useful to document the changes in rCBF induced by angioplasty. It is possible that SPECT may be useful to detect critical reductions in perfusion before clinical deficits develop, thereby offering the potential to identify candidates for early treatment with angioplasty.
Application of Administrative Guidance to Food Safety Administrative Management

With the popularization of the concept of service administration,traditional "rigid" management containing administrative punishment,administrative coercion and administrative order could not satisfy the needs of the service-oriented government's construction.In many administrative fields,"soft" administrative guidance was gradually becoming necessary complements of traditional administration according to laws,and becoming a form of efficient and flexible administrative act.Accordingly,the application of administrative guidance to food safety administrative management was discussed in order to make administrative agencies focus on using administrative guidance in contemporary administrative management.
Study on Marx's Forest Legislation View from the Argument about Act of Steal Wood

Based on the animadverting legal system of the bourgeois,Marks had put forward his forest legislation view.With help of method of benefits analysis,he had disclosed the essence of forest legislation of the bourgeois,and pointed out the private benefits of the wood proprietor was the soul of the forest legislation of the bourgeois,and the private benefits of the wood proprietor had corrupted the justice character of the forest legislation.Therefore,he had claimed that the forest legislation should make people the center,taking society as the origin,taking public welfare as cg,insisting the thought of widespread contact.
Grey Scale Patterns in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

The patient with pelvic inflammatory disease is often difficult to evaluate both from history and physical examination. Distinguishing clinically between the various forms of pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, twisted or ruptured ovarian cyst, missed or impending abortion, ovarian carcinoma, and endometriosis, is sometimes impossible. By means of commercially available second generation grey scale ultrasound, a more precise set of criteria for distinguishing between these entities based on intra-organ internal echo patterns has been developed.
AXILLARY ARTERY THROMBOSIS AFTER PROLONGED USE OF CRUTCHES.

To the eight cases of thrombosis of the axillary artery secondary to prolonged use of crutches found in the English literature, three more are added. Treatment, conservative or operative, must first control the ischemia and then correct the basic problem by use of forearm crutches or by reconstructive procedures to eliminate the need for crutches.
Unresolved issues in controlling the tuberculosis epidemic among the foreign-born in the United States.

Tuberculosis (TB), “the world’s most neglected health crisis,” has returned after decades of decline, but has only gradually caught the attention of governments as a formidable threat to public health. By 1984, when TB cases hit an all-time low, federal and state governments stopped supporting the medical infrastructure that once served to contain the disease. State officials around the nation began dismantling laboratory research programs and closing TB clinics and sanitoria. Since 1985, however, TB rates have steadily increased to 26,673 reported cases in 1992, and some have estimated that by the year 2000, there could be a twenty percent increase. By 1993, Congress, realizing that TB could pose a major public health threat, allocated over $100 million to the Department of Health and Human Services for TB prevention and treatment programs. Those funds, however, were sorely needed years before and amounted to only a fraction of what public health officials believe necessary to control TB today.
Roles of formulation and extrusion variables on the properties of potato-based half snacks

Abstract Varying amounts of potato starch (0, 25, 50, 75, 100%) were incorporated into potato flour and adjusted to either 35 or 45% moisture. The blends were extruded using a Brabender laboratory extruder operating at dough temperatures of either 95 or 105°C. The unit was equipped with a 3/1 screw operating at 80 rpm, and a slit die. Extrudates were air dried overnight and then oven dried at 100°C for 30 minutes. Samples were fried in 200°C oil for 25 seconds and volumetric expansion measured. Resulting color and texture were objectively measured, while potato flavor intensity was subjectively evaluated. No overall significant difference in final product expansion was noted due to formulation moisture levels. However, the higher extrusion temperature resulted in greater expansion. All formulations resulted in expansion, however, expansion increased as starch content increased. As starch content increased, fried product color became lighter. As starch content increased, final product breakability decreased. Characteristic potato flavor decreased with increasing starch content.
Four Different Regioisomeric Polycarbonates Derived from One Natural Product, d-Glucose

Strategies for the preparation of polycarbonates, derived from the natural product d-glucose, which have the potential to degrade back into their bioresorbable starting material and CO2, were developed. By employing established carbohydrate protection/deprotection chemistries, two d-glucose derivatives, methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-d-glucopyranoside or methyl α-d-glucopyranoside, were converted into four different regioisomeric diol monomers, i.e., 1,4-, 1,6-, 2,6-, or 3,6-diols, as confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Each type of regioisomeric monomer was then employed in a condensation polymerization with phosgene, generated in situ from triphosgene, as a comonomer, in the presence of pyridine, to produce four types of polycarbonates with different backbone regio-connectivity, as characterized by size exclusion chromatography, NMR spectroscopy, and IR spectroscopy. Interestingly, their thermal properties, i.e., glass transition tem...
How Field Experiences Influence Perceptions of Learning to Teach in a Precollegiate Urban Teaching Academy Program

This qualitative, multicase study examined the support, instruction, coursework, discussions, field and clinical experiences, and critical reflection that took place within a precollegiate Urban Te...
Applications of laser spectroscopy in forensic science

Abstract: This chapter provides a decade’s worth of application and improvement to the field of forensic science through three prominent laser spectroscopies. The chapter begins with a brief discussion of the basic theory of each of the three techniques: laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIF), Raman spectroscopy, and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Once the basic theory has been introduced, the remainder of the chapter focuses on review of the current research, and applications of these techniques for the analysis of various types of forensic evidence. The forensic topics that are the focus of this chapter are explosives, glass, paint, inks, bodily fluids, and fibers.
A 20-Year Climatology of Nocturnal Convection Initiation over the Central and Southern Great Plains during the Warm Season

AbstractA nocturnal maximum in rainfall and thunderstorm activity over the central Great Plains has been widely documented, but the mechanisms for the development of thunderstorms over that region at night are still not well understood. Elevated convection above a surface frontal boundary is one explanation, but this study shows that many thunderstorms form at night without the presence of an elevated frontal inversion or nearby surface boundary.This study documents convection initiation (CI) events at night over the central Great Plains from 1996 to 2015 during the months of April–July. Storm characteristics such as storm type, linear system orientation, initiation time and location, and others were documented. Once all of the cases were documented, surface data were examined to locate any nearby surface boundaries. The event’s initiation location relative to these boundaries (if a boundary existed) was documented. Two main initiation locations relative to a surface boundary were identified: on a surface...
Outcomes for End-of-Life Patients with Anticipatory Grieving: Insights from Practice with Standardized Nursing Terminologies within an Interoperable Internet-based Electronic Health Record.

Anticipatory grieving, grief associated with an impending loss, is common for patients facing end of life or for their families. There is little research on the outcomes of interventions for anticipatory grieving among hospitalized patients. A descriptive, comparative analysis of an existing valid a
The Link between Emotional Intelligence and Creativity

Empathic accuracy, or the ability to accurately know the emotional states of others, is a basic aspect of emotional intelligence. The current study explored the relationship between a standard meas...
Ionic strength dependence of aggregate size and morphology on polymer-clay flocculation

Abstract Polymer-driven flocculation of suspended particles is a critical process for many applications, including composite materials synthesis, paper manufacturing, and water treatment. However, the role of solution physicochemical properties on the polymer-particle assembly dynamics is nontrivial, particularly for non-spherical, polydisperse particulates such as natural clays. In this work, we study the effects of ionic strength and aggregate size and structure on the polymer behavior and flocculation performance with anisotropic bentonite clay particles. Using jar tests, laser diffraction, confocal microscopy, and X-ray diffraction, we demonstrate that for smectite clay particles, the final floc structure is largely informed by ionic-strength driven changes to the initial clay aggregate size and surface structure. With increasing bentonite aggregate size, a transition from a networked to a patched polymer − aggregate floc structure is observed, independent of ionic strength during flocculation. Solutions were studied over four orders of magnitude of NaCl ionic strength. Initial, pre-flocculated bentonite aggregate sizes ranging from 0.015 μm to 15 μm were used, produced by tuning the initial solution ionic strength. Bentonite aggregate size and structure were measured with laser and X-ray diffraction, internal floc structure was visualized using confocal microscopy, and macro floc structure (fractal dimension) was measured with optical imaging. These results shed new light on the fundamental complexity of ionic strength dependence and the importance of the aggregate size and structure of the initial dispersion, in determining optimal reagent dosing and structure control for flocculation of anisotropic clays.
Aging Mechanisms and Monitoring of Cable Polymers

Aging mechanisms of two polymeric insulation materials that are used widely in nuclear power plant low-voltage cables; cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) and ethylene propylene rubber/ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPR/EPDM), are reviewed. A summary of various nondestructive methods suitable for evaluation of cable insulation is given. A capacitive sensor capable of making local nondestructive measurements of capacitance and dissipation factor on cable polymers, and potentially suitable for in situ cable monitoring, is introduced.Correlating values of elongation-at-break, indenter modulus, capacitance and dissipation factor measured on a set of 47 aged flame-resistant EPR samples shows a higher correlation between indenter modulus and dissipation factor than between indenter modulus and elongation-at-break.
Partitioning of Gramicidin A’ Between Coexisting Phases within Phospholipid Bilayers

We investigated the partitioning behavior of gramicidin A′ in various binary phospholipid mixtures in which gel and liquid crystalline phase coexistence had been induced. The quenching of the gramicidin A′ tryptophanyl fluorescence by a spin-labeled phosphatidylcholine was used to determine the equilibrium ratio of gramicidin A′ concentration in the liquid crystalline phase to that in the gel phase (i.e. the partition coefficient, KP). Three multilamellar vesicular systems, differing in the order and rigidity of the gel phase, were compared. The phospholipid content of the gel phase was rich in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine or distearoylphosphatidylcholine, or was entirely Ca(dioleoylphosphatidylserine)2. In all cases the gel phase was depleted of gramicidin A′, with KP = 10 ± 2, 25 ± 5, and ≥30, respectively. These data suggest that the more ordered the gel phase, the less it can accommodate a transmembrane polypeptide.
Ptolemy and Copernicus Revisited: The Complex Interplay between the Kidneys and Heart Failure

In ancient times, influenced by writings of Aristotle and Ptolemy, the earth was considered to be the center of the universe for nearly 1500 years until Nicolai Copernicus published his heliocentric model of the universe in De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ( On the Revolutions of the Heavenly
Nitrogen removal from water of recirculating aquaculture system by a microbial fuel cell

Abstract Maintaining low concentrations of nitrogen compounds in aquaculture water is a key requirement for a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), due to the potential detrimental effects of ammonia or nitrate on fish growth and metabolic activities. Herein, a microbial fuel cell (MFC) was investigated to accomplish the removal of either nitrate or ammonia from real RAS water (with simulated daily nitrate/ammonium accumulation) while generating electricity, via aerobic nitrification in the cathode, electricity/concentration driven transport across anion exchange membrane, and subsequent heterotrophic denitrification in the anode chamber. The experiment went through two stages, nitrate removal (Stage I) and ammonia removal (Stage II). In Stage I when daily nitrate addition was performed to mimic nitrate accumulation (0.050 kg NO3−-N m−3 NCC d−1, NCC: net cathodic chamber volume) in the MFC cathode, a stable current density of 12.48 A m−3 could be achieved with a 73.3% nitrate removal and 91.3% COD removal at the end of day 15. To better mimic ammonium accumulation in the RAS effluent without a biofilter, daily ammonium addition (0.050 kg NH4+-N m−3 NCC d−1) was performed in the cathode in Stage II. The MFC system achieved a total inorganic nitrogen removal rate of 0.051 kg N m−3 NCC d−1, and a COD removal efficiency of 91.8% with a current density of 74.00 A m−3. A preliminary analysis of energy balance indicated that the proposed MFC could potentially achieve energy-positive RAS water treatment with a net energy production of 7.50 × 10−3 kWh m−3 treated RAS water or 0.145 ± 0.031 kWh kg−1 removed nitrogen. The results of this study indicate that MFCs have a potential to treat RAS water with simultaneous energy recovery.
Sonographic Evaluation of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is proposed to arise from the proximal convoluted tubules within the kidney. Diagnostic imaging plays a role in the detection of RCC. A case is presented of a ...
Hypothalamic-pituitary function following childhood brain tumors: Analysis of prospective annual endocrine screening.

Background Outcomes for childhood brain tumors are now associated with a five-year survival rate of 75%. Endocrine effects of brain tumors are common, occurring in 43% of patients by 10 years from tumor diagnosis. Optimal timing of screening for endocrinopathies remains undefined. We aim to identify incidence and timing of endocrinopathies following brain tumor diagnosis, to better refine screening guidelines. Methods Retrospective chart review of patients referred to our hospital's neuro-oncology clinic for evaluation and treatment of brain tumors. Inclusion criteria were a positive history for brain tumor diagnosis and evaluation at our center. Data collection included demographics, tumor diagnosis, tumor therapy, and endocrinopathy diagnosis and timing. Laboratory data and clinical documentation were reviewed. Results Four hundred nineteen subjects were included for analysis. Tumor locations included supratentorial 158 (38%), posterior fossa 145 (35%), suprasellar 96 (23%), and upper spinal cord 20 (5%). Only 61% had undergone endocrine screening. Forty-five percent of screened patients had endocrinopathies. Endocrinopathy diagnosis typically occurred within six years after tumor diagnosis. Tumor recurrence and repeated therapies increased the risk for endocrinopathies within the subsequent six years after tumor therapy. Higher rates of endocrinopathies were identified in patients who had received cranial irradiation for posterior fossa, supratentorial, or suprasellar tumors. Conclusion Endocrine screening should occur in childhood brain tumor survivors, particularly those who have received irradiation. Our study suggests that in children with brain tumors, the highest yield for finding a pituitary deficiency is within the first six years after tumor diagnosis and treatment. Screening should continue annually beyond six years, but with special attention in the subsequent six years after therapy for tumor recurrence. Prospective screening and endocrinology referral should be implemented in childhood brain tumor survivors.
A STEMI Mimic.

A STEMI Mimic An 84-year-old man presented with weakness and shortness of breath. Electrocardiographic results aroused concern about an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Imaging of the ch...
A new method for softening mummified fingers.

Proposed methods for softening mummified fingers have been either unsuccessful in adequately softening the fingers or have been highly destructive. A simple technique based on an entirely new concept utilizing disodium ethylenediamine tetracetic acid in a detergent solution adjusted to a pH of 7.5 has been successfully used to obtain satisfactory to good fingerprints over the past ten years in every case attempted.
Analyzing Resistance to Design Selective Chemical Inhibitors for AAA Proteins.

Summary Drug-like inhibitors are often designed by mimicking cofactor or substrate interactions with enzymes. However, as active sites are comprised of conserved residues, it is difficult to identify the critical interactions needed to design selective inhibitors. We are developing an approach, named RADD (resistance analysis during design), which involves engineering point mutations in the target to generate active alleles and testing compounds against them. Mutations that alter compound potency identify residues that make key interactions with the inhibitor and predict target-binding poses. Here, we apply this approach to analyze how diaminotriazole-based inhibitors bind spastin, a microtubule-severing AAA (ATPase associated with diverse cellular activities) protein. The distinct binding poses predicted for two similar inhibitors were confirmed by a series of X-ray structures. Importantly, our approach not only reveals how selective inhibition of the target can be achieved but also identifies resistance-conferring mutations at the early stages of the design process.
Gender differences in the association between attitudes toward mental health treatment and mental health outcomes among noninstitutionalized adults with depression

ABSTRACTThis study examined whether the effects of attitudes toward mental health treatment on mental health outcomes are moderated by gender in the U.S. population. We utilized the data (N = 491,7...
Demonstration of 1.27 kV Etch-Then-Regrow GaN ${p}$ - ${n}$ Junctions With Low Leakage for GaN Power Electronics

This letter reports high performance GaN ${p}$ - ${n}$ junctions with regrown ${p}$ -GaN by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on dry-etched surfaces. The breakdown voltage reaches 1.27 kV and the differential on-resistance is 0.8 $\text{m}\Omega \cdot \text {cm}^{{2}}$ . The effects of etching powers and surface treatments on the reverse leakage characteristics of the regrown ${p}$ - ${n}$ junctions have been investigated. It’s found that lowering the etching power and damage is very effective to reduce the leakage currents and increase the breakdown voltages. Further analysis reveals that the charge concentration at the regrowth interface plays a critical role in the performance of the regrown samples. To avoid sacrificing the etching rate by using only low power etching, a multiple-RF-power etching recipe was developed with gradually decreased etching power. This work has demonstrated a practical and viable method to realize high performance regrown p-n junctions for various advanced GaN power electronics.
Missile Defenses and US-Russian Nuclear Arms Control: Technology, Politics and Deterrence

In this chapter, we discuss the relationship between US ballistic missile defenses (BMD) and Russian-American nuclear arms control. US missile defenses have been a source of continuing controversy for a long time, as between the former Soviet Union and now Russia and the United States. Russian President Vladimir Putin and his military advisors have expressed particular concern about US missile defense systems deployed in Europe as part of NATO’s European Phased Adaptive Approach (EPAA). The United States and NATO maintain that the Aegis afloat and ashore missile defenses are intended as a deterrent against Iranian or other potential threats from the Middle East against Europe. On the other hand, Russia suspects that the global network of US missile defenses is intended to nullify Russia’s nuclear second-strike capability. Russian President Putin highlighted new offensive systems planned to circumvent US defenses in a major address to the Russian Federal Assembly in 2018: including hypersonic weapons of various kinds that purportedly could strike the American homeland with speeds and maneuverability that would overcome any defenses.
Association Between In-Clinic Opioid Administration and Discharge Opioid Prescription in Urgent Care: a Retrospective Cohort Study.

Emergency departments increasingly use nonopioid analgesics to manage acute pain and minimize opioid-related harms. Urgent care centers are expanding to lower costs and provide efficient access to healthcare. General internists increasingly work in these acute care settings. Much is known about opioid prescribing in the primary care, inpatient, and emergency department setting. Little is known about opioid prescribing in the urgent care setting and associated outcomes. To assess the association between in-clinic opioid administration and opioid receipt at clinic discharge and on progression to chronic opioid use among urgent care patients. Retrospective cohort study. Patients, 20 years or older and not on opioid medications, who presented for care to an urgent care clinic within a safety-net healthcare system from June 1, 2016, to April 30, 2019. We examined the association between the in-clinic administration of oral or intravenous opioids and opioid receipt at clinic discharge. We also examined the association between in-clinic opioid administration and progression to chronic opioid use after six months. The study sample included 34,978 patients, of which 13.8% (n = 4842) received in-clinic opioids and 86.2% (n = 30,136) did not receive in-clinic opioids. After adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, insurance, and pain diagnosis, patients who received in-clinic opioids were more likely to receive opioids at discharge compared to patients who did not receive in-clinic opioids (aOR = 12.30, 95% CI 11.44–13.23). Among a selected cohort of patients, in-clinic opioid administration was associated with progression to chronic opioid use (aOR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.66–2.71). In-clinic opioid administration was strongly associated with opioid receipt at discharge and progression to chronic opioid use. Increased use of nonopioid analgesics in urgent care could likely reduce this association and limit opioids available for diversion, overdose, and death.
Does Bitcoin still own the dominant power? An intraday analysis

Abstract The study investigates the intraday dynamics and price patterns of the primary cryptocurrencies. The Granger Mackey-Glass (M-G) model is employed to examine the asymmetric and nonlinear dynamic interactions in the first moment using positive and negative returns. The bivariate BEKK-GARCH model is applied to identify cross-market volatility shocks and volatility transmissions in the cryptocurrency market. The intra-cryptocurrency market analysis reveals that Bitcoin contains predictive information that can nonlinearly forecast the performance of other digital currencies when cryptocurrency prices either are rising or declining. The dominant power of Bitcoin is not dismissed using the intraday data. Further, Bitcoin's intraday lagged shocks and volatility induces more rapid and destabilizing effects on the conditional volatility of other currencies than each of the other currencies does on BTC's conditional volatility. The virtual currency markets are dynamically correlated and integrated through first and second-moment spillovers.
An Extension of Plücker Relations with Applications to Subdeterminant Maximization

Given a matrix A and k ≥ 0, we study the problem of finding the k × k submatrix of A with the maximum determinant in absolute value. This problem is motivated by the question of computing the determinant-based lower bound of cite{LSV86} on hereditary discrepancy, which was later shown to be an approximate upper bound as well [Matousek, 2013]. The special case where k coincides with one of the dimensions of A has been extensively studied. Nikolov gave a 2^{O(k)}-approximation algorithm for this special case, matching known lower bounds; he also raised as an open problem the question of designing approximation algorithms for the general case. We make progress towards answering this question by giving the first efficient approximation algorithm for general k× k subdeterminant maximization with an approximation ratio that depends only on k. Our algorithm finds a k^{O(k)}-approximate solution by performing a simple local search. Our main technical contribution, enabling the analysis of the approximation ratio, is an extension of Plucker relations for the Grassmannian, which may be of independent interest; Plucker relations are quadratic polynomial equations involving the set of k× k subdeterminants of a k× n matrix. We find an extension of these relations to k× k subdeterminants of general m× n matrices.
GAGE: Geometry Preserving Attributed Graph Embeddings.

Node representation learning is the task of extracting concise and informative feature embeddings of certain entities that are connected in a network. Many real world network datasets include information about both node connectivity and certain node attributes, in the form of features or time-series data. Modern representation learning techniques utilize both connectivity and attribute information of the nodes to produce embeddings in an unsupervised manner. In this context, deriving embeddings that preserve the geometry of the network and the attribute vectors would be highly desirable, as they would reflect both the topological neighborhood structure and proximity in feature space. While this is fairly straightforward to maintain when only observing the connectivity or attributed information of the network, preserving the geometry of both types of information is challenging. A novel tensor factorization approach for node embedding in attributed networks that preserves the distances of both the connections and the attributes is proposed in this paper, along with an effective and lightweight algorithm to tackle the learning task. Judicious experiments with multiple state-of-art baselines suggest that the proposed algorithm offers significant performance improvements in node classification and link prediction tasks.
Learning from an avatar video instructor: The role of gesture mimicry

Abstract Teachers often produce gestures, and, in some cases, students mimic their teachers’ gestures and adopt them into their own repertoires. However, little research has explored the role of gesture mimicry in technology-based learning contexts. In this research, we examined variations in the rate and form of students’ gestures when learning from a computer-animated pedagogical avatar. Twenty-four middle school students received a lesson on polynomial multiplication from a gesturing avatar video instructor. After the lesson, students were asked to provide an explanation of what they learned. Students varied in their gesture rates, and some students produced gestures that were similar in form to the avatar’s gestures. Students who produced gestures that aligned with the teacher’s gestures scored higher than those who did not produce such gestures. These results suggest that middle school students’ gestures play a key role when learning a mathematics lesson from an avatar instructor.
Recognition of histone H3 methylation states by the PHD1 domain of histone demethylase KDM5A

PHD reader domains are chromatin binding modules often responsible for the recruitment of large protein complexes that contain histone modifying enzymes, chromatin remodelers, and DNA repair machinery. A majority of PHD domains recognize N-terminal residues of histone H3 and are sensitive to the methylation state of Lys4 in histone H3 (H3K4). Histone demethylase KDM5A, an epigenetic eraser enzyme that contains three PHD domains, is often overexpressed in various cancers, and its demethylation activity is allosterically enhanced when its PHD1 domain is bound to the H3 tail. The allosteric regulatory function of PHD1 expands roles of reader domains, suggesting unique features of this chromatin interacting module. Our previous studies determined the H3 binding site of PHD1, although it remains unclear how the H3 tail interacts with the N-terminal residues of PHD1 and how PHD1 discriminates against H3 tails with varying degrees of H3K4 methylation. Here, we have determined the solution structure of apo and H3 bound PHD1. We observe conformational changes occurring in PHD1 in order to accommodate H3, which interestingly binds in a helical conformation. We also observe differential interactions of binding residues with differently methylated H3K4 peptides (me0, me1, me2, or me3), providing a rationale for PHD1's preference for lower methylation states of H3K4. We further assessed the contributions of various H3 interacting residues in the PHD1 domain to the binding of H3 peptides. The structural details of the H3 binding site could provide useful information to aid the development of allosteric small molecule modulators of KDM5A.
ST-Trader: A Spatial-Temporal Deep Neural Network for Modeling Stock Market Movement

Stocks that are fundamentally connected with each other tend to move together. Considering such common trends is believed to benefit stock movement forecasting tasks. However, such signals are not trivial to model because the connections among stocks are not physically presented and need to be estimated from volatile data. Motivated by this observation, we propose a framework that incorporates the inter-connection of firms to forecast stock prices. To effectively utilize a large set of fundamental features, we further design a novel pipeline. First, we use variational autoencoder (VAE) to reduce the dimension of stock fundamental information and then cluster stocks into a graph structure (fundamentally clustering). Second, a hybrid model of graph convolutional network and long-short term memory network (GCN-LSTM) with an adjacency graph matrix (learnt from VAE) is proposed for graph-structured stock market forecasting. Experiments on minute-level U.S. stock market data demonstrate that our model effectively captures both spatial and temporal signals and achieves superior improvement over baseline methods. The proposed model is promising for other applications in which there is a possible but hidden spatial dependency to improve time-series prediction.
Role of the Vacuolar Proton Pump in Preconditioning

Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion are accompanied by apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Ischemic preconditioning prevents ischemia/ reperfusion injury. One feature of ischemic preconditioning is an attenuation of the fall in pH that occurs during ischemia. Bafilomycin A1 a potent and specific inhibitor of the vacuolar proton. ATPase, blocks preconditioning and results in increased acidification during ischemia, implicating the vacuolar proton ATPase as an important element of preconditioning. The vacuolar proton ATPase is a multisubunit enzyme that exports protons at the expense of ATP. The pump is regulated by assembly/disassembly of cytosolic subunits with the membrane-associated subunits to form an active complex and also by fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane. In the system of neutrophil protection against apoptosis by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), we show that the vacuolar proton ATPase is also essential and that the pump is regulated by assembly and stabilization of cytosolic subunits with the membrane complex. We compare this to the adult rabbit cardiomyocyte system and consider the role of calcium and the significance of other apoptotic events such as caspase activation.
Management of recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Recurrence after resection of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is an unfortunately all-too-common phenomenon. The principal treatment for recurrent GIST is the first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib mesylate. Those who progress on, or are intolerant of imatinib, are treated with second-line TKI sunitinib malate. Cytoreductive surgery may be considered as an “adjuvant” therapy for patients with disease stabilized on imatinib, and, on an individual basis, sunitinib. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:915–920. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factor Cif inhibits the generation of the pro-resolving lipid mediator 15-epi lipoxin A4 (MPF3P.812)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria that causes a wide range of severe nosocomial infections, especially in immunocompromised patients with chronic inflammatory lung disease. P. aeruginosa infections are characterized by persistent and robust neutrophilic inflammation which can cause damage to host tissue. Lipoxins, including 15-epi-lipoxin A4 (15-epi-LXA4), are lipid mediators that play a critical role in resolving inflammation and promoting tissue homeostasis. The production of 14,15-epoxy-eicosatrienoic acid (14,15-EET) by airway epithelial cells stimulates the generation of 15-epi-LXA4 by neighboring neutrophils through transcellular biosynthesis. We have identified a P. aeruginosa virulence factor with epoxide hydrolase activity called cystic fibrosis inhibitory factor (Cif), which we hypothesize disrupts the generation of 15-epi-LXA4. We show that both P. aeruginosa and recombinant Cif protein alone hydrolyzes the epoxide moiety of (14,15-EET), whereas a Cif mutant P. aeruginosa or catalytically dead D129S mutant of Cif have no effect. Furthermore, the Cif-mediated reduction of 14,15-EET inhibited the generation of 15-epi-LXA4 by activated neutrophils in vitro. The D129S mutant Cif was also incapable of reducing 15-epi-LXA4 biosynthesis. Taken together, our data suggest a novel model whereby the P. aeruginosa virulence factor Cif reduces 15-epi-LXA4 in the airways, thus promoting persistent inflammation and consequent lung damage.
SYNTHESIS OF AN ACTINOMYCIN ANALOG WITH SUBSTITUTED LACTONE OXYGENS

A synthesis of a lactam analog of actinomycin D is described in which the threonine residues have been replaced by L-α, β-diaminopropionic acid. The key reaction, cyclization of the pentapeptide intermediate, was carried by a nitrophenyl ester condensation between the proline and sarcosine residues. [I′, I′-Bis (L-α, β-diaminopropionic acid)]-actinomycin D exhibited potent antibacterial activity.
Status of n-p measurements and phase shift analyses near 50 MeV

Recent measurements of the n-p observables near 50 MeV and their impact on phase shift parameters, \(\bar \delta (^1 P_1 )\) and \(\bar \varepsilon _1\), are discussed.
High-throughput Execution of Hierarchical Analysis Pipelines on Hybrid Cluster Platforms

We propose, implement, and experimentally evaluate a runtime middleware to support high-throughput execution on hybrid cluster machines of large-scale analysis applications. A hybrid cluster machine consists of computation nodes which have multiple CPUs and general purpose graphics processing units (GPUs). Our work targets scientific analysis applications in which datasets are processed in application-specific data chunks, and the processing of a data chunk is expressed as a hierarchical pipeline of operations. The proposed middleware system combines a bag-of-tasks style execution with coarse-grain dataflow execution. Data chunks and associated data processing pipelines are scheduled across cluster nodes using a demand driven approach, while within a node operations in a given pipeline instance are scheduled across CPUs and GPUs. The runtime system implements several optimizations, including performance aware task scheduling, architecture aware process placement, data locality conscious task assignment, and data prefetching and asynchronous data copy, to maximize utilization of the aggregate computing power of CPUs and GPUs and minimize data copy overheads. The application and performance benefits of the runtime middleware are demonstrated using an image analysis application, which is employed in a brain cancer study, on a state-of-the-art hybrid cluster in which each node has two 6-core CPUs and three GPUs. Our results show that implementing and scheduling application data processing as a set of fine-grain operations provide more opportunities for runtime optimizations and attain better performance than a coarser-grain, monolithic implementation. The proposed runtime system can achieve high-throughput processing of large datasets - we were able to process an image dataset consisting of 36,848 4Kx4K-pixel image tiles at about 150 tiles/second rate on 100 nodes.