cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proteolytic Loss of bcl-xL in FL5.12 Cells Undergoing Apoptosis Induced by MK886

Abstract Apoptosis induced in the IL3-dependent murine pro-B lymphocytic (FL5.12) cell line by the 5-lipoxygenase activating protein inhibitor MK886 is accompanied by the rapid loss of the anti-apoptotic bcl-x L and bcl-2, but not the proapoptotic bax proteins (Datta et al., J. Biol. Chem. 273, 28163–28169, 1998). Since several reports indicate important roles for noncaspase proteases in apoptosis, the participation of lysosomes, as well as serine, cysteine, or aspartic acid proteases, in the effects of MK886 were investigated. Consistent with the involvement of various proteases, lysosomal degranulation was evident, as observed by a decrease in acridine orange fluorescence at 2 h and an increase in cytosolic β–hexosaminidase activity at 4 h after treating FL5.12 cells with 10 μM MK886. The disappearance of bcl-x L from FL5.12 cells upon MK886 treatment was prevented in a dose-dependent manner by pretreatment with leupeptin, pepstatin, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, or the broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor Boc-D-FMK. Each of the noncaspase protease inhibitors partially inhibited MK886-induced apoptosis as measured by phosphatidylserine externalization and DNA fragmentation. The noncaspase inhibitors also blocked about half of the increase in caspase-3-like activity. Boc-D-FMK completely inhibited this enzyme and prevented apoptosis. None of the inhibitors were able to directly inhibit activated caspase-3 in cell lysates, suggesting their effects were upstream of caspase activation. These observations suggest the involvement of various proteases, possibly originating from lysosomes, upstream of active caspase-3, in the loss of bcl-x L protein and in the signaling pathway of MK886-induced apoptosis in FL5.12 cells. This pathway may be unique to MK886 since these same protease inhibitors had only minimal effects on etoposide-induced apoptosis and the accompanying moderate loss of bcl-x L in FL5.12 cells.
Mantle flow pressure and the angle of subduction: Non-Newtonian corner flows

Corner flows of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids are used to model the flow in a subduction zone which is viscously driven by the motions of the converging plates and the descending slab. The pressures induced by the flow tend to lift the slab up beneath the overriding plate thereby offsetting the tendency of gravity to align the slab with the vertical. The low angles of subduction observed in Peru and Central Chile may be the result of strong dynamic pressures forcing the slab up against the overriding plate. Viscous coupling between the overriding plate and the downgoing slab is essential if the nonvertical dips of slabs are a consequence of the balance between gravitational and pressure torques. For a Newtonian mantle, shear stresses and pressures on the top of the slab are comparable. If the mantle is non-Newtonian, however, the pressures greatly exceed the shear stresses, for most acute dip angles. Thus frictional forces on the top and bottom surfaces of slabs are less important in resisting slab descent into a non-Newtonian mantle than they are in resisting penetration into a Newtonian mantle.
The effect of oncomodulin on cAMP phosphodiesterase activity

Summary Oncomodulin was purified from Morris rat hepatoma according to the procedure of Durkin, J.P., Brewer, L.M. and MacManus, J.P. (1983) Cancer Res. 43 , 5390–5394. The preparation, in general, had the properties and amino acid composition of the material which they described. However, we were unable to confirm the reported stimulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase under conditions where calmodulin gave the usual stimulation.
An Investigation of a GPS Adaptive Temporal Selective Attenuator

: A GPS adaptive temporal selective attenuator (ATSA) can be used to suppress the effects of undesired narrowband signals. A GPS ATSA can be modeled as a discrete finite impulse response (DFIR) filter, where the filter's impulse response coefficients can be selected by minimizing the undesired signal over desired signal ratio (UDR). The UDR, which directly represents the GPS ATSA performance, depends on the filter size, the temporal delay, the sampling frequency, and the desired signal frequency. A methodology for properly selecting the temporal delay and the sampling frequency for a given filter size and desired signal frequency is analyzed and simulated. The analysis and simulation results are validated using an implementation of an example ATSA on the TI C6711 digital signal processor (DSP). For a given GPS ATSA architecture (i.e., a given desired signal frequency and sampling frequency), optimum tap spacing can be selected, regardless of the jammer frequency. Some of the lessons learned during this investigation could be particularly valuable for ATSAs or analogous systems that will operate on the L5 frequency.
Psychological factors in organ transplantation

Abstract Recent advances in medical science haue made organ transplantation a viable medical practice. Although few empirical data are currently available, careful evaluation of the psychological and psychosocial factors associated with the transplant process would contribute to an understanding of the emotional state of transplant patients and elucidate variables associated with survival and posttransplant adjustment. The purpose of this review is to integrate the diverse clinical impressions of professionals working with transplant patients; highlight the medical, psychological, and social adjustment issues; and propose areas for future research.
Applications of Diffuse Reflectance FT-IR to Pigment Photodecomposition in Paint

Diffuse reflectance FT-IR spectroscopy is used to obtain infrared spectra of paints directly on paper panels. The binder contribution to the spectrum can be effectively eliminated by spectral subtraction and the spectra of photodecomposition products are obtained. Comparison with reference spectra allows the determination of the photodecomposition mechanism.
Numerical Simulation of Nucleate Boiling Phenomenon Coupled with Thermal Response of the Solid

The present work describes the response of a heated solid surface during nucleation, growth and departure of a single bubble. Two dimensional, axisymmetric, finite difference schemes are used to solve the governing equations in the liquid, vapor and solid phases. The interface between liquid and vapor phases is tracked by a level set method. An iterative procedure is used at the interface between the solid and fluid phases in order to match temperatures and heat fluxes. Time and space invariant heat fluxes are supplied at the solid base and calculations are carried out for solids with different thermo-physical properties and thicknesses. Near the three-phase contact line, temperatures in the solid are observed to fluctuate significantly over short periods as the bubble base first expands outwards then contracts inwards before departure. The results show that waiting and growth periods can be related directly to wall superheat. The functional relationship between waiting time and wall superheat is found to agree well with the correlations based on experimental data reported in the literature.
How pure are the single particle states in Pb region

Abstract Normal parity states with j ⩽ 3 2 in 209Pb, 207Pb, 209Bi, 207Tl have been studied by diagonalizing large shell model matrices. The results confirm that, with the exception of 1 2 − states in 209Bi, such states are of single particle structure.
Influence of aluminum on mineralization during matrix–induced bone development

Influence of aluminum on mineralization during matrix–induced bone development. A model of de novo mineralization employing matrix–induced endochrondral bone formation in rats was used to study the short–term effects of aluminum on the deposition of calcium and phosphate in vivo. In experiments where systemic aluminum concentrations were elevated, the cellular processes associated with bone development appeared to be normal, if somewhat delayed, however precipitation of the mineral phase was prevented. This suggests a primary direct physical chemical effect of aluminum in vivo on calcification, as suggested by in vitro studies which demonstrate that aluminum is a potent inhibitor of calcium phosphate precipitation. Aluminum salts implanted locally with the matrix appeared to be toxic to the cellular processes leading to chondrogenesis and osteogenesis.
History of the Pasteur effect and its pathobiology.

Long before the mechanism of fermentation was understood,Pasteur discovered an important regulatory phenomenon of carbohydrate metabolism. He observed that yeast consumes more sugar anaerobically than aerobically. This so-called Pasteur effect has been subject of many controversies and an analysis of the development of the concepts has been presented. Among the key errors made in the early evaluations was to emphasize the control of end product formation rather than of hexose utilization.
Compact, high gain, hetero-composite Nd:YVO4/SiC thin disk amplifier with advanced thermal management

A thermally advanced, Nd:YVO4 amplifier at 1064 nm based on an 800 µm-thick Nd:YVO­4 gain layer bonded to a silicon carbide (SiC) prism is demonstrated. The amplifier was tested in the ‘master oscillator–power amplifier’ configuration, where both the seed source and the amplifier were operated in a quasi-continuous-wave regime. The hetero-composite Nd:YVO4/SiC gain element pumped by an 808 nm laser diode bar stack amplified the seed power in a range of 1–55 W with a gain of 4–2.6, respectively. The temperature profile of the gain element measured by a thermal camera indicated the maximum observed temperature excursion at pump saturation intensity to be only 27°C.
Protein fluorescence measurements within electrospray droplets

The conformation of cytochrome c molecules within electrospray droplets is investigated by monitoring the laser induced fluorescence of its single tryptophan residue (Trp-59). By increasing the alcohol concentration of the electrosprayed solutions, protein denaturation is induced, giving rise to significant changes in the intensity of the detected fluorescence. Comparison with analogous denaturation experiments in solution provides information about the relative protein conformations and differences between the bulk-solution and droplet environments. Both electrospray-plume and bulk-solution fluorescence measurements using low methanol concentration solutions indicate the presence of folded protein structures. At high methanol content, fluorescence measurements are consistent with the presence of partly denatured or unfolded conformations. At intermediate methanol content, differences are observed between the extent of denaturation in solution and that within the droplets, suggesting electrosprayed proteins have more compact structures than those detected in bulk measurements using solutions of similar composition. This infers that some fraction of the proteins within the droplets have refolded relative to their bulk-solution conformation. Protein denaturation experiments using the low vapor pressure solvent 1-propanol indicate that differences between the droplet and solution measurements are not due to solvent evaporation effects. It is suggested that different droplet conformations are more likely the result of protein diffusion to the droplet surface and effects of the droplet/air interface. To our knowledge, these are the first reported measurements of protein fluorescence within electrospray droplets
Antiphase domain boundaries within θ′ and η precipitates

Abstract Mechanisms previously suggested for the formation of APDB's in ordered precipitates are shown to occur very rarely and cannot APDB's. Instead direct observations by hot in Al-4% Cu have revealed the formation of the APDB's to be linked with the loss of coherency of the plates owing to their mismatch with the matrix. The nature of the APDB's has been established and the mechanisms of their rearrarangement by domain growth have been documented. Calculations of the APDB energies are provided as a base for interpreting the APDB rearrangements. These results are also applicable to η precipitates in Al-0.2% Au alloy.
Approximating nonstationaryPh(t)/M(t)/s/c queueing systems

Nonstationary phase processes are defined and a surrogate distribution approximation (SDA) method for analyzing transient and nonstationary queueing systems with nonstationary phase arrival processes is presented. Regardless of system capacityc, the SDA method requires the numerical solution of only 6K differential equations, whereK is the number of phases in the arrival process, compared to theK(c+1) Kolmogorov forward equations required for the classical method of solution. Time-dependent approximations of mean and variance of the number of entities in the system and the number of busy servers are obtained. Empirical test results over a wide range of systems indicate the SDA is quite accurate.
EVIDENCE FOR STRICTLY Na+‐DEPENDENT ACCUMULATION OF SERINE AND THREONINE IN BRAIN CORTICAL SYNAPTOSOMES FROM NEWBORN RATS

Evidence is presented in this paper to show that synaptosomal particles derived from brains of immature rats possess two separate, high-affinity transport systems for the hydroxyamino acids, serine and threonine. One of these is strictly Na+-dependent and the other Na+-nondependent. The Km terms of both of these systems have values in the range of 20 μM. Na+-dependent uptakes of serine and threonine do not take place in synaptosomal particles isolated from of adult animals.
Neural control of the heart: significance of double innervation re-examined.

Abstract Our recent studies on the activity of cardiac sympathetic and vagal nerves in anesthetized dogs have revealed that control of these two autonomic nerves having ‘antagonistic’ action on the heart is not always reciprocal; both reciprocal and non-reciprocal controls exist in reflex as well as in adaptive responses. We have evidence which also suggests the functional significance of non-reciprocal control. The co-activation of both autonomic efferents to the heart is particularly useful in increasing cardiac output as, for example, in the chemoreceptor reflex. On the other hand, under ‘normal’ conditions the respiration related rhythmic activity of both sympathetic and vagal nerves is almost completely reciprocal. The loss of the reciprocity occurs under subnormal conditions in which sympathetic discharges shift so that both nerves fire simultaneously. This tends to reduce respiration-induced fluctuations in heart rate. During cardiac rhythms seen in the efferent nerve activity, the peak of vagal firing does not strictly coincide with the inhibitory period of the sympathetic activity; vagal impulses reach the heart slightly earlier. However, when the heart rate is irregular and slow, the vagal activity shifts in time so that it coincides more definitely with the period of sympathetic nerve inhibition. This tends to further augment rhythmic fluctuations in heart rate. These studies show that the centers involved employ both reciprocal and non-reciprocal control of cardial nerve activity in reactions regulating heart function. The relationship between discharge patterns of both autonomic nerves is involved in production of fluctuation of heart rate in normal as well as in subnormal conditions.
Chronometric Electrical Stimulation of Right Inferior Frontal Cortex Increases Motor Braking

The right inferior frontal cortex (rIFC) is important for stopping responses. Recent research shows that it is also activated when response emission is slowed down when stopping is anticipated. This suggests that rIFC also functions as a goal-driven brake. Here, we investigated the causal role of rIFC in goal-driven braking by using computer-controlled, event-related (chronometric), direct electrical stimulation (DES). We compared the effects of rIFC stimulation on trials in which responses were made in the presence versus absence of a stopping-goal (“Maybe Stop” [MS] vs “No Stop” [NS]). We show that DES of rIFC slowed down responses (compared with control-site stimulation) and that rIFC stimulation induced more slowing when motor braking was required (MS) compared with when it was not (NS). Our results strongly support a causal role of a rIFC-based network in inhibitory motor control. Importantly, the results extend this causal role beyond externally driven stopping to goal-driven inhibitory control, which is a richer model of human self-control. These results also provide the first demonstration of double-blind chronometric DES of human prefrontal cortex, and suggest that—in the case of rIFC—this could lead to augmentation of motor braking.
Soil strength assessment using threshold probability approach on soils from three agro-ecological zones in Eritrea.

Soils in many agro-ecological zones in Eritrea, a country in sub-Saharan Africa, are low in productivity due to erosion, low organic matter and poor soil management. Recently, mechanised farming has been intensively practiced to increase agricultural food production. However, the use of heavy machinery and vehicles can cause soil compaction that reduces soil productivity and crop yield. A study was conducted to determine the in-situ soil compaction and the probability of exceeding a root restricting threshold penetration resistance (PR) value of 2 MPa in three agro-ecological zones that varied in soil type, topography and climate. Soil cone penetration resistance measurements were taken up to a depth of 600 mm in 30 m by 30 m field plots with three replicates located in the three agro-ecological zones. Simultaneously, core samples were collected to determine soil moisture and bulk density from surface and subsurface soil layers. In all the soils, moisture contents during soil penetration resistance measurements were nearly the same as the field capacity soil moisture content (−10 kPa soil moisture suction). Penetration resistance values measured from 0 to 600 mm were averaged in depth increments of 100 mm. For clay loam (Adiguadad) and loam (Sheeb) soils, the penetration resistance values up to a soil depth class of 0–300 mm were statistically insignificant and categorised as minimum mechanical impedance to root growth (
Macroergonomic Approach to Safety Culture/Climate: A Healthcare Facility Case Study

A long-term care facility in the Upper Midwest was experiencing a high rate of injuries, primarily due to caregiver-patient interactions. A grounded theory case study was conducted to collect top management, supervisor, and caregiver perceptions of work system elements (centered on the caregiver job), and then compare their responses to identify discrepancies. Any discrepancies in perceptions between organizational levels are a potential point for miscommunication, poor relations, injuries, or other negative outcome. Results indicate that although management believes that injuries can be avoided by following work rules, some workers believe that getting injured is, “ just part of my job” and that overexertion and “hurrying” is expected. Organizational and social issues need to be understood before sustainable change can occur. Implications for a macroergonomic approach to safety culture assessment are discussed.
Is charge reduction in ESI really necessary

The technique of charge reduction electrospray mass spectrometry (CREMS), which can reduce the charge state complexity produced in electrospray ionization (ESI), is discussed.
Influence of creep-fatigue interaction on high temperature fatigue crack growth behavior of Ti-1100

— A series of crack growth experiments has been preformed on the near alpha titanium alloy, Ti-1100, to determine the mechanism of the creep-fatigue interaction. Based on pure creep crack growth results, the increase in the creep-fatigue crack growth rate is not amenable to separate contributions of creep crack growth and fatigue crack growth. A mechanism has been proposed to account for the increase in creep-fatigue crack growth rate that is based on the planar slip of titanium alloys which results in the formation of dislocation pileups at the prior beta grain boundaries and leads to intergranular fracture. This mechanism has been validated through crack growth experiments preformed on a Ti-1100 that has been microstructurally modified through the precipitation of internal slip barriers. These show that the intergranular fracture and increase in crack growth rate are absent.
The U.S. Federal Protective Service: A Troubled Agency—The Need for Improved Contract Guard Training and Oversight

The Federal Protective Service is the U.S. federal agency responsible for protecting federal buildings, properties, and the populations in those locations. Since its integration into the Department of Homeland Security it has transitioned itself from a true law enforcement agency into an inspector-based force that oversees contract guards. With significant security lapses that can be traced back to the contract guards working for the Federal Protective Service, it is essential to understand what faults in the agency are compromising the security of the facilities for which the Federal Protective Service (FPS) is responsible.
Attitudinal Valence and Semantic Differential Potency Scales.

185 Ss rated two issues on 16 semantic differential potency scales. Ss were classified for or against the issues on the basis of their responses to two unmarked 9-cm lines descriptively labeled at the end points. Semantic differential data from the four resulting classes were factor analyzed using principal components solutions with varimax rotations. Previous research (Jones, 1969) suggested that these scales might fractionate into several components of variance and that the structure would vary depending on attitudinal valence (for-against the issue). Descriptive comparisons and comparisons employing Tucker's coefficient of congruence (Harman, 1967) supported the hypothesis of dissimilar fractionation.
Bayesian LASSO for Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping

The mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) is to identify molecular markers or genomic loci that influence the variation of complex traits. The problem is complicated by the facts that QTL data usually contain a large number of markers across the entire genome and most of them have little or no effect on the phenotype. In this article, we propose several Bayesian hierarchical models for mapping multiple QTL that simultaneously fit and estimate all possible genetic effects associated with all markers. The proposed models use prior distributions for the genetic effects that are scale mixtures of normal distributions with mean zero and variances distributed to give each effect a high probability of being near zero. We consider two types of priors for the variances, exponential and scaled inverse-χ2 distributions, which result in a Bayesian version of the popular least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model and the well-known Student's t model, respectively. Unlike most applications where fixed values are preset for hyperparameters in the priors, we treat all hyperparameters as unknowns and estimate them along with other parameters. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms are developed to simulate the parameters from the posteriors. The methods are illustrated using well-known barley data.
Liesegang rings in inhomogeneous media. Partially coagulated gelatin

Abstract The formation of Liesegang rings has been studied in gelatin partially coagulated with methanol. The effect of inhomogeneities in the medium on ring formation is described. The diffusion equation is tested for the various media. The diffusion velocity is found to decrease with increasing methanol concentration.
Rules Of The Game: How Public Policy Affects Local Health Care Markets

ABSTRACT: This paper explores the impact of public policy on local health care systems in a representative sample of twelve U.S. communities. Site visits conducted in those communities suggest that...
An Automated Approach to the Supply of Samples for Screening

INTRODUCTION Pfizer Global Research and Development, based at Sandwich in the UK, took delivery of its Automated Liquid Sample Bank in January 2000, and the system has been delivering samples to the company’s battery of Drug Discovery programs since April 2000. In essence, the ALSB is a robotic system designed to securely store liquid samples and automatically prepare them to the format requested by a remote experimenter.
Online peer support for mental health problems in the United States: 2004-2010.

BackgroundHelp seeking for online peer and other social support in response to depression and other mental health problems offers an electronic technology alternative to traditional mental health care. Here, with nationally representative samples of adult community residents in the USA, we study online peer support help seeking, estimate its occurrence, and investigate depression and other suspected predictors and correlates, some of which might prove to be causal influences.MethodThe data are from nationally representative probability sample surveys of the non-institutionalized US adult population, with a new independent sample assessed via confidential computerized self-assessment modules each year from 2004 to 2010, yielding estimates about online peer support. A total of 264 431 adults participated in these years.ResultsAn estimated three per 1000 adults (0.3%) seek online peer support for mental health problems each year (95% confidence interval 0.0022–0.0036). Individuals with depression and/or serious psychological distress are strongly over-represented among these adult online peer support help seekers (odds ratio >7, p < 0.001). Associations with college education, being non-Hispanic white, being female, and age are also noteworthy (p < 0.05).ConclusionsOnline help seeking for mental health social support is becoming frequent enough for study in large sample national surveys, and might well be fostered by active neuropsychiatric ailments such as depression or other serious psychological distress. Open questions remain about whether the result is beneficial, or conditions required for efficacious online peer support, as might be disclosed in definitive evidence from randomized controlled trials.
An image reversal process for electron microscope film

An improved technique has been developed to produce a positive image directly on some standard electron microscope films (Kodak 4489, SO 163, and Ilford Electron Microscope Film). This technique has been useful for processing micrographs of freeze-etched and shadowed specimens, and eliminates the need for producing positive image transparencies before printing.
Nephrolithiasis: acute management and prevention

The primary care physician has a responsibility not only to recognize and treat acute stone passage but to ensure that the patient with recurrent stones has metabolic evaluation and appropriate preventive care. Renal colic is typically severe, radiates to the groin, is associated with hematuria, and may cause ileus. About 90% of stones that cause renal colic pass spontaneously. The patient with acute renal colic should be treated with fluids and analgesics and should strain the urine to recover stone for analysis. Highgrade obstruction or failure of oral analgesics to relieve pain may require hospitalization; a urinary tract infection in the setting of an obstruction is a urologic emergency requiring immediate drainage, usually with a ureteral stent. Several approaches are available when stones do not pass spontaneously, including extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous lithotripsy, and ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy. Calcium stone disease has a lifetime prevalence of 10% in men and causes significant morbidity. Renal failure is unusual. Stone types include calcium oxalate, uric acid, struvite, and cystine. Stone analysis is particularly important when a noncalcareous constituent is identified. The majority of patients with nephrolithiasis will have recurrence, so prevention is a high priority. High fluid intake is a mainstay of prevention. Metabolic evaluation will indicate other appropriate preventive measures, which may include dietary salt and protein restriction, and use of thiazide diuretics, neutral phosphate, potassium citrate, allopurinol, and magnesium salts. Dietary calcium restriction may worsen oxaluria and negative calcium balance (osteoporosis).
The Role of Religiosity in African American Preadolescent Aggression

This study examined the role of parent and preadolescent religiosity in aggression among African American preadolescents with moderate to high aggression. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to determine (a) which aspects of parent and preadolescent religiosity (i.e., church attendance, private religious activities, and intrinsic religiosity) accounted for the most variance in preadolescent aggression and (b) the potential moderating role of socioeconomic status. Participants were 157 African American preadolescents (110 males, 47 females) with elevated levels of aggression and their primary caregivers. Results indicated that higher levels of parent church attendance and preadolescent intrinsic religiosity predicted lower preadolescent aggression. The relation between preadolescent private religious activities and aggression was moderated by socioeconomic status. Implications for prevention and intervention among African American preadolescents with elevated levels of aggression are discussed.
Effects of lipids and lipid-lowering therapy on hemostatic factors in patients with myocardial infarction

Summary. Background: The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with specific hemostatic markers and lipid profiles, and evidence indicates that there are associations between lipid profiles and the levels of certain hemostatic factors. The disturbances in hemostasis and the risk of CVD can be ameliorated by lipid-lowering therapy. Objective: We investigated the associations of lipid profiles with factor (F)VIIa, von Willebrand factor (VWF), d-dimer and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and examined whether lipid-lowering statin therapy would affect the levels of these hemostatic markers. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 1045 postmyocardial infarction patients. Results: In multivariate regression analyses (without adjusting for clinical covariates) HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL size were independent and significant predictors of FVIIa; HDL size was a predictor of VWF; HDL size, HDL-C and LDL size were predictors of d-dimer; and triglyceride and HDL size were predictors of PAI-1. After adjusting for clinical covariates, HDL-C, lipoprotein (Lp)(a), apolipoprotein B (apoB) and warfarin were independent and significant predictors of FVIIa; HDL size, age, diabetes mellitus, insulin, race and warfarin were predictors of VWF; HDL-C, HDL size, LDL size, age, warfarin, hypertension and gender were predictors of d-dimer; and triglyceride, HDL size, body mass index, insulin and hypertension were predictors of PAI-1. Patients on statin therapy had significantly lower levels of d-dimer than those who were not on this therapy. Conclusion: There are significant associations of lipid profiles with hemostatic factors, the directions of which suggest novel pathways by which dyslipidemia may contribute to coronary heart disease.
Polymorph selection during the crystallization of iron under the conditions of Earth’s inner core

Abstract Using classical molecular dynamics simulations, we study the crystallization of iron under conditions typical of the Earth’s inner core. We report that crystal nucleation proceeds with the formation of a critical nucleus, in which all three main metallic structures are present. We show that the crystallization mechanisms and the polymorph selection process strongly depend on temperature. During the crystal growth at the higher temperature, we observe that the fraction of the body-centered cubic polymorph in the nucleus constantly rises at the expense of the close-packed structures while crystal growth at the lower temperature yields a highly polycrystalline phase.
Spatial heterogeneity and anomalous kinetics: emergent patterns in diffusion-limited predatory-prey interaction

The Lotka-Volterra model of predator-prey interaction is based on the assumption of mass action, a concept borrowed from the traditional theory of chemical kinetics in which reactants are assumed to be homogeneously mixed. In order to explore the effect of spatial heterogeneity on predator-prey dynamics, we constructed a lattice-based reaction-diffusion model corresponding to the Lotka-Volterra equations. Spatial heterogeneity was imposed on the system using percolation maps, gradient percolation maps, and fractional Brownian surfaces. In all simulations where diffusion distances were short, anomalously low reaction orders and aggregated spatial patterns were observed, including traveling wave patterns. In general, the estimated reaction order decreased with increasing degrees of spatial heterogeneity. For simulations using percolation maps withp-values varying between 1.0 (all cells available) to 0.5 (50% available), order estimates varied from 1.27 to 0.47. Gradient percolation maps and fractional Brownian surfaces also resulted in anomalously low reaction orders. Increasing diffusion distances resulted in reaction order estimates approaching the expected value of 2. Analysis of the qualitative dynamics of the model showed little difference between simulations where individuals diffused locally and those where individuals moved to random locations, suggesting that global density dependence is an important determinant of the overall model dynamics. However, localized interactions did introduce time dependence in the system attractor owing to emergent spatial patterns. We conclude that individual-based spatially explicit models are important tools for modeling population dynamics as they allow one to incorporate fine-scale ecological data about localized interactions and then to observe emergent patterns through simulation. When heterogeneous patterns arise, it can lead to anomalies with respect to the predictions of traditional mathematical approaches using global state variables.
Trappers and trapping in advanced industrial society: Economic and socio cultural values of furbearer utilization in the northeastern united states

The purchase of trapping licenses in the northeastern United States has been declining for several years. Despite the decline in trapping activity, participation by a core group of trappers persists. To elucidate the economic and sociocultural values associated with present‐day trapping activities in the northeastern United States, several state and federal agencies and two academic institutions cooperated in a multistate study of trapping attitudes, values, motivations, and behavior. Results suggest that trappers continue to participate in trapping for a variety of sociocultural values and motivations, including the multiple satisfactions derived from involvement in an enduring recreational central life interest. Trapping to procure income and to provide in‐kind contributions to the household economy represent important motives and meanings to a smaller segment of the respondent population.
Report on a biochemical red tide repressive agent.

Abstract Organisms were isolated from the November 1973 red tide outbreak in a search for a naturally occurring predator organism. Two organisms were found which look promising as a means of bio-control: a Tintinnideae spp., ciliate and Gomphosphaeria aponina Kutzing, a blue-green algae. This report characterizes a blue-green algal toxin found to be lethal to the Florida red tide organism Gymnodinium breve Davis.
Fate of post-processing inoculated Listeria monocytogenes on vacuum-packaged pepperoni stored at 4, 12 or 25 °C

Abstract If present, Listeria monocytogenes may not be eliminated during processing of pepperoni or may be introduced during peeling, slicing, or packaging. We evaluated the fate of the pathogen on sliced inoculated pepperoni during vacuum-packaged storage, and potential differences in survival among three types of inocula, including nonacid-adapted, acid-adapted and pepperoni extract-habituated cultures. Commercial pepperoni (two replicates, three samples per treatment) was sliced and inoculated (3 to 4 log CFU/cm 2 ), before vacuum-packaging and storage for up to 180 days at 4, 12 or 25 °C. Samples were periodically analyzed for pathogen counts (PALCAM agar) and total bacterial counts (tryptic soy agar with 0.6% yeast extract). The pH of the product was relatively stable (4.50–4.81) throughout storage. Overall, levels of the pathogen (all inocula) and total counts decreased continuously during storage at all temperatures. The pathogen died slower at 4 °C than at 12 and 25 °C, while at 12 and 25 °C the death rates were similar. Death rates depended on type of inoculum and generally decreased in the order: acid-adapted, extract-habituated and nonacid-adapted inoculum. At day 60, pathogen levels were below the detection limit and remained undetectable throughout the rest of the 180-day storage period, regardless of inoculum type and storage temperature. Therefore, storage of sliced vacuum-packaged pepperoni, especially at ambient temperature, prior to consumption may reduce the potential risk of listeriosis.
In support of the cognitive‐developmental approach to moral education: a response to David Carr

David Carr (2002) has argued against the use of developmental theories as a basis for curriculum development in moral education. Although we find common ground with some aspects of Carr's arguments, we disagree with several of his criticisms of the cognitive‐developmental approach to moral education. He confuses romantic ideology (as espoused by Rousseau and others) and progressive ideology (as espoused by Dewey and others); he assumes that developmental theories have no endpoint or final goal from which to structure moral education; and he argues against the use of psychological inquiry to validate a philosophical ought. This paper is an attempt to clarify Carr's arguments and propose a justification for the developmental approach to moral education.
Implementation of Dipolar Resonant Excitation for Collision Induced Dissociation with Ion Mobility/Time-of-Flight MS

An ion mobility/time-of-flight mass spectrometer (IMS/TOF MS) platform that allows for resonant excitation collision induced dissociation (CID) is presented. Highly efficient, mass-resolved fragmentation without additional excitation of product ions was accomplished and over-fragmentation common in beam-type CID experiments was alleviated. A quadrupole ion guide was modified to apply a dipolar AC signal across a pair of rods for resonant excitation. The method was characterized with singly protonated methionine enkephalin and triply protonated peptide angiotensin I, yielding maximum CID efficiencies of 44 % and 84 %, respectively. The Mathieu qx,y parameter was set at 0.707 for these experiments to maximize pseudopotential well depths and CID efficiencies. Resonant excitation CID was compared with beam-type CID for the peptide mixture. The ability to apply resonant waveforms in mobility-resolved windows is demonstrated with a peptide mixture yielding fragmentation over a range of mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios within a single IMS-MS analysis.
Pancreatic cancer diagnosis: Preliminary evaluation of a prospective study☆

The incidence of pancreatic cancer has increased throughout the past decade, and the disease ranks fourth in the death from cancer charts, surpassed only by colorectal, lung, and breast cancer. About 22,000 patients develop the disease each year in the United States [l]. The mortality rate has remained static at about 90% during the first year after diagnosis. So far no etiological factor has been determined, although Wynder et al. [2] have suggested an attractive concept related to carcinogen excretion in bile. No prospective study of the comparative value of all diagnostic methods for detecting the disease has been reported. There is some evidence that excision of a small pancreatic cancer without metastases can result in at least a 16% 5-year survival [3]. This paper discusses the characteristics of patients seen at the University of Chicago over the past 6 years and the impact of such a prospective study of their management.
Localized Impurity Spin Excitations in a Ferromagnetic Metal

The structure of the theory of impurity spin excitations in a one-band model of a ferromagnetic metal is examined. The existence of a local magnetic moment and an off-diagonal spin correlation in the impurity ground state is shown to be closely related to the occurrence of localized spin excitations (localized magnons). Expressions for both the transverse and longitudinal reduced susceptibility functions are obtained in terms of single-particle Green's functions. Poles of the reduced transverse susceptibility function are shown to correspond to local magnon states, and poles of the reduced longitudinal susceptibility are identified with fluctuations in the magnitude of the impurity moment. The role of localized electronic states is briefly discussed. Some of the well-known results for the unperturbed ferromagnet are derived in the Appendix.
Differential commutator identities

Abstract I.N. Herstein proved that if R is a prime ring satisfying a differential identity [ x 1 d , x 2 d ] = E 2 ( x 1 d , x 2 d ) , with d a nonzero derivation of R , then R embeds isomorphically in M 2 ( F ) for F a field. We consider a natural generalization of this result for the class of polynomials E n ( X ) = [ E n - 1 ( x 1 , … , x n - 1 ) , x n ] . Using matrix computations, we prove that if R satisfies a differential identity E n ( x 1 d 1 , … , x n d n ) , or [ E n ( … , x i d i , … ) , E m ( … , y j h j , … ) ] with some restrictions, then R must embed in M 2 ( F ) , but that differential identities using [ [ E n , E m ] , E s ] with m , n , s > 1 need not force R to embed in M 2 ( F ) . These results hold if the expressions are identities for a noncommutative Lie ideal of R , rather than for R itself.
Conversational implicature and characterisation in Reginald Rose's Twelve Angry Men 1

This article studies characterisation in Reginald Rose's three-act play, Twelve Angry Men (1955) in terms of Grice's theory of conversational implicature. It shows that characters' personalities an...
Short message service (SMS) text messaging as an intervention medium for weight loss: A literature review:

Nearly 68% of American adults are obese or overweight. Mobile devices such as mobile phones have emerged as a mode of intervention delivery to help people improve their health, particularly in relation to weight loss. This literature review examines the relationship between the use of short message service (SMS) text messaging as an intervention medium and weight loss. Results from this literature review (n = 14) suggest that SMS as an intervention tool for weight loss is still in its infancy. Initial results are promising but continued investigation is needed. We offer several recommendations for future research.
Distributing a large-scale, complex FAB simulation using HLA and Java: issues and lessons

Distributed simulation promises a range of benefits and opportunities, especially for modeling large-scale complex systems, such as wafer fabs. However, as with many promising technologies, the devil is in the details. This paper describes some experiences in distributing a high-fidelity, full fab simulation model with federates implemented in Java representing manufacturing processes, automated material handling systems, and control systems. Some informal comparisons with AutoMod/ASAP are included.
The KBr pellet: A useful technique for obtaining infrared spectra of inorganic species

The reproducibility of the KBr pelleting technique for inorganic sulfates was assessed using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Day-to-day variation in peak frequencies of selected bands had standard deviations ranging from 0. to 1.5 cm−1. This 1 cm−1 standard deviation was shown to be due to changes in bandshape, probably due to variations in sample preparation from operator to operator. It was concluded that the reproducibility of sulfates in KBr is sufficient to allow the design of computerized spectral matching programs to identify specific sulfate species based on band frequencies and intensities.
Objective evaluation of acute adverse events and image quality of gadolinium-based contrast agents (gadobutrol and gadobenate dimeglumine) by blinded evaluation. Pilot study

Abstract Purpose The purpose was to objectively evaluate a recently FDA-approved gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) in comparison to our standard GBCA for acute adverse events and image quality by blinded evaluation. Methods Evaluation was made of a recently FDA-approved GBCA, gadobutrol (Gadavist; Bayer), in comparison to our standard GBCA, gadobenate dimeglumine (MultiHance; Bracco), in an IRB- and HIPAA-compliant study. Both the imaging technologist and patient were not aware of the brand of the GBCA used. A total of 59 magnetic resonance studies were evaluated (59 patients, 31 men, 28 women, age range of 5–85 years, mean age of 52 years). Twenty-nine studies were performed with gadobutrol (22 abdominal and 7 brain studies), and 30 studies were performed with gadobenate dimeglumine (22 abdominal and 8 brain studies). Assessment was made of acute adverse events focusing on objective observations of vomiting, hives, and moderate and severe reactions. Adequacy of enhancement was rated as poor, fair and good by one of two experienced radiologists who were blinded to the type of agent evaluated. Results No patient experienced acute adverse events with either agent. The target minor adverse events of vomiting or hives, and moderate and severe reactions were not observed in any patient. Adequacy of enhancement was rated as good for both agents in all patients. Conclusions Objective, blinded evaluation is feasible and readily performable for the evaluation of GBCAs. This proof-of-concept study showed that both GBCAs evaluated exhibited consistent good image quality and no noteworthy adverse events.
The influence of adrenalectomy and of corticosterone administration on the ether-induced increase in plasma prolactin in ovariectomized estrogen-treated rats.

SummaryOvariectomized, polyestradiol-phosphate (PEP) injected, catheterized rats subjected to continuous ether anesthesia showed an increase in plasma prolactin level at 10 min followed by lower levels at 30, 60, and 120 min. Plasma corticosterone levels were increased significantly under continuous ether anesthesia. In contrast to intact animal, bilaterally adrenalectomized animals under ether anesthesia showed a sustained elevation of plasma prolactin at all time periods. In adrenalectomized animals subjected to ether anesthesia the exogenous administration of corticosterone (either 500 μg/rat or 25 μg/rat) prevented the increase in plasma prolactin at 10 min period when plasma level of corticosterone was high. In subsequent periods as the plasma corticosterone decreased, the plasma prolactin increased. It is suggested that corticosterone has an inhibitory feedback effect on the ether-induced prolactin release.
Efficacy of Biofeedback-Based Treatments for Temporomandibular Disorders

Bibliographic searches identified 14 controlled and uncontrolled outcome evaluations of biofeedback-based treatments for temporomandibular disorders published since 1978. This literature includes two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of each of three types of biofeedback treatment: (1) surface electromyographic (SEMG) training of the masticatory muscles, (2) SEMG training combined with adjunctive cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques, and (3) biofeedback-assisted relaxation training (BART). A detailed review of these six RCTs, supplemented with information from non-RCT findings, was conducted to determine the extent to which each type of intervention met treatment efficacy criteria promulgated by the Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback (AAPB). We conclude that SEMG training with adjunctive CBT is an efficacious treatment for temporomandibular disorders and that both SEMG training as the sole intervention and BART are probably efficacious treatments. We discuss guidelines for designing and reporting research in this area and suggest possible directions for future studies.