cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decreased Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Size Following EVAR in Patients With CT Evidence of Subclinical Thoracic Aortic Dissection

Background Aneurysm sac regression following endovascular repair (EVAR) of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an established indicator of surgical success. However, even with a completely excluded aneurysm, the degree of aortic sac regression may vary. This study evaluates the relationship between aneurysm sac regression after EVAR and the presence of morphological features in the thoracic aorta that can be associated with a subclinical aortic dissection, termed dissection morphology in this study. Methods Patients who underwent EVAR to repair an infrarenal aortic aneurysm at Mount Sinai Hospital between 1996 and 2017 with a postoperative CT scan and a 3-year follow-up scan available for analysis were included in the study. Patients with a type I or type III endoleak were not included. The thoracic aorta was evaluated for dissection morphology on CT scan, which included the presence of aortic dissection, penetrating aortic ulcers, and intramural hematomas. AAA sac regression after EVAR was compared between patients with dissection morphology (n = 157) and patients without those characteristics (n = 141). An independent investigator performed the CT analysis and was blinded to the degree of sac regression. Results Demographics and comorbid clinical conditions were compared between patients with and without dissection morphology. There were no significant differences in age, gender, smoking habits, or cardiovascular conditions. The median AAA diameter after EVAR, over the course of the study, in patients with dissection morphology decreased by 11.30 mm (−17.20, −3.60) compared to a median change of 0.30 mm (−8.60, 8.60) in patients without dissection morphology features (p Conclusions The presence of imaging features consistent with dissection morphology in the thoracic aorta correlated with greater AAA sac regression and fewer type II endoleaks after EVAR. Assessing these imaging features in patients undergoing EVAR may be useful in understanding aneurysm behavior in terms of aneurysm growth, risk of rupture, and outcomes following endovascular surgery. Identifying differential rates of aneurysm sac regression may have implications regarding the role of subclinical dissections in the etiology of AAA development.
Learning curve of fenestrated and branched endovascular aortic repair for pararenal and thoracoabdominal aneurysms.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to review the learning curve for fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair (F-BEVAR) of pararenal and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs). Methods We reviewed the clinical data of 334 consecutive patients (255 males, mean age 75 ± 7 years) who underwent F-BEVAR between 2007 and 2016 in a single institution. Outcomes were analyzed in four quartiles of experience (Q1-Q4). Study outcomes included trends in patient characteristics, device design, procedural variables, 30-day mortality, and major adverse events (MAEs). Results There were 178 patients (53%) treated for pararenal aneurysms and 156 (47%) for TAAAs. During the study period, there was a statistically significant increase in the proportion of TAAAs and in the number of vessels incorporated. Despite this, there was a steady decrease in 30-day mortality (6% in Q1 to 0% in Q4; P Conclusions This study demonstrates significant improvement in perioperative mortality, MAEs, procedural variables, and secondary interventions in patients treated by F-BEVAR, despite the increase in complexity of aneurysm pathology during the study period. Also, better patient selection contributed to improve outcomes.
Characterization of Ultrasound-Triggered Bulk Antibiotic Release from Novel Spinal Hardware

This study evaluated the efficacy of ultrasound-triggered drug delivery devices against bacterial infection in an ex vivo cadaveric rabbit spine model. Polylactic acid (PLA)-coated, vancomycin (VAN)-loaded polyether ether ketone (PEEK) devices (1 cm3) with a drug-loading reservoir (0.785 cm3) were 3D printed. Two device designs were evaluated: 1 large hole for drug release vs 2 smaller holes. Clips were implanted medial to the spinal midline in mature (~6 months, 3 kg) female White New Zealand cadaveric rabbits (n=4) under an IACUC-approved protocol. To simulate infection, 104 CFU of Staphylococcus aureus were added to 2 of the 4 sites; the other 2 sites were left clean. Two of the 4 sites (1 inoculated, 1 clean) were insonated for 20 minutes with a Logiq E9 ultrasound scanner (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA) equipped with a C1-6 curvilinear probe, using power Doppler imaging (1.7 MHz frequency, 6.4 kHz PRF, 100% acoustic output power) to induce rupture of the PLA coating for VAN release. Infected sites showed marked reduction in bacterial colonization following ultrasound-triggered VAN release, while uninsonated sites exhibited little reduction in bacterial colonization. At 48 hours, there was significantly greater VAN release from the insonated clips compared to the uninsonated clips (p < 0.04). There was significantly greater ultrasound-triggered total VAN release from the 1-hole device design than from the 2-hole design (7420 ± 2992 µg vs. 3500 ± 954 µg, p < 0.0001). These levels are sufficient to prevent adhesion of S. aureus to implant materials. This study demonstrated the feasibility of an ultrasound-mediated antibiotic delivery device, which could become a potent weapon against spinal surgical site infections.
DNA Methylation Profiling for Diagnosing Undifferentiated Sarcoma with Capicua Transcriptional Receptor (CIC) Alterations

Undifferentiated soft tissue sarcomas are a group of diagnostically challenging tumors in the pediatric population. Molecular techniques are instrumental for the categorization and differential diagnosis of these tumors. A subgroup of recently identified soft tissue sarcomas with undifferentiated round cell morphology was characterized by Capicua transcriptional receptor (CIC) rearrangements. Recently, an array-based DNA methylation analysis of undifferentiated tumors with small blue round cell histology was shown to provide a highly robust and reproducible approach for precisely classifying this diagnostically challenging group of tumors. We describe the case of an undifferentiated sarcoma of the abdominal wall in a 12-year-old girl. The patient presented with a voluminous mass of the abdominal wall, and multiple micro-nodules in the right lung. The tumor was unclassifiable with current immunohistochemical and molecular approaches. However, DNA methylation profiling allowed us to classify this neoplasia as small blue round cell tumor with CIC alterations. The patient was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by complete surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. After 22 months, the patient is disease-free and in good clinical condition. To put our experience in context, we conducted a literature review, analyzing current knowledge and state-of-the-art diagnosis, prognosis, and clinical management of CIC rearranged sarcomas. Our findings further support the use of DNA methylation profiling as an important tool to improve diagnosis of non-Ewing small round cell tumors.
Scalability of OpenFOAM Density-Based Solver with Runge–Kutta Temporal Discretization Scheme

Compressible density-based solvers are widely used in OpenFOAM, and the parallel scalability of these solvers is crucial for large-scale simulations. In this paper, we report our experiences with the scalability of OpenFOAM’s native rhoCentralFoam solver, and by making a small number of modifications to it, we show the degree to which the scalability of the solver can be improved. The main modification made is to replace the first-order accurate Euler scheme in rhoCentralFoam with a third-order accurate, four-stage Runge-Kutta or RK4 scheme for the time integration. The scaling test we used is the transonic flow over the ONERA M6 wing. This is a common validation test for compressible flows solvers in aerospace and other engineering applications. Numerical experiments show that our modified solver, referred to as rhoCentralRK4Foam, for the same spatial discretization, achieves as much as a 123.2% improvement in scalability over the rhoCentralFoam solver. As expected, the better time resolution of the Runge–Kutta scheme makes it more suitable for unsteady problems such as the Taylor–Green vortex decay where the new solver showed a 50% decrease in the overall time-to-solution compared to rhoCentralFoam to get to the final solution with the same numerical accuracy. Finally, the improved scalability can be traced to the improvement of the computation to communication ratio obtained by substituting the RK4 scheme in place of the Euler scheme. All numerical tests were conducted on a Cray XC40 parallel system, Theta, at Argonne National Laboratory.
A Memristor-Based Compressive Sampling Encoder with Dynamic Rate Control for Low-Power Video Streaming

Image sensors are widely used in various applications. With the increasing requirement for high resolutions and frame rates, power consumption has become a critical issue, which limits the use of image sensors in mobile devices and IoT applications. Compressive sensing (CS) techniques can achieve a sub-Nyquist sampling rate to reduce the power consumption in hardware circuits. Currently, most compressive measurements are implemented in digital CMOS circuits, leading to high hardware complexity and power consumption, as well as the limited sampling speed. Furthermore, CS applications with large image sizes are usually based on block-wise methods, which require real-time rate controls during practical operations. In this article, we propose a memristor-based CS encoder that can be integrated with conventional image sensors to achieve high performance with low power consumption and hardware overheads. A self-adaptive compressing rate control mechanism is also devised to maximize the performance of the proposed technique. Simulation results of wireless video streaming demonstrate the advantages of the proposed technique.
Nitroxide-mediated living free radical miniemulsion polymerization of styrene

Living free-radical bulk polymerization using a stable free radical initiator system based on nitroxide stable radicals such as TEMPO (2,2,6,6,-tetramethyl-1-piperidynyloxy) has permitted the synthesis of polymers with molecular weight distributions only slightly broader than those obtained via anionic polymerization (PDI < 1.3). Most recently we were able to successfully apply the living free-radical polymerization in a miniemulsion polymerization process and prepare stable latexes with 20% solids and having relatively narrow molecular weight distributions (1.14 - 1.6). Styrene miniemulsions were prepared using an anionic surfactant Dowfax 8390 with hexadecane as costabilizer. The miniemulsion polymerizations were carried out at 125°C in pressure bottles using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and TEMPO. The kinetics of the living free radical miniemulsion polymerization were followed as a function of the [TEMPO]/[BPO] ratio in order to develop a mechanistic understanding of the nucleation and growth processes in this disperse system. The development of particle number and the total number of polymer chains (through the molecular weight analysis) during the course of polymerizations in the presence and absence of TEMPO are used to develop a comprehensive picture of the process.
The Hindu Kush-Himalaya (HKH) Region in the Modern Global and Climate Context: Major Weather Systems, Monsoon, Asian Brown Clouds (ABCs), Digital Data/Models and Global Linkages of Telecoupling and Teleconnection all Affecting Global Human Well-Being

The weather drives human society; but nowadays in the Anthropocene human society can drive the weather/climate too. The climate represents us with a global agglomerate of many predictors, including generic atmospheric pollution (e.g. carbon dioxide, methane, dust), the Asian Brown Cloud (ABC), cloud characteristics, volcanoes and landcover effects. Mountains and oceans play a large role for the global climate, and the Hindu Kush-Himalaya (HKH) is the major region in the world where snow and ice, glaciers are found; it makes for the third pole! Such mountains can have their own climate and often the details are not well known. That’s why many climate data and their models are not easy to interpret nor easy to forecast for the HKH region. The current global warming trend in the HKH region leaves most glaciers drying out, creating Glacier-fed Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) and resulting into wider harvest declines and failure leading to global food security conflicts. This situation is interwoven with globally coupled and tele-connected processes also affecting human well-being on an Asia and global scale. How to govern such situations in good terms is not well resolved, yet, while the global population and temperature will easily rise to unprecedented levels over the coming 100 years.
Dark matter explanations of the gamma-ray excesses from the Galactic Center and M31

The presence of an excess $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray signal toward the Galactic Center (GC) has now been well established, and is known as the GC excess. Leading explanations for the signal include mismodeling of the Galactic diffuse emission along the line of sight, an unresolved population of millisecond pulsars, and/or the annihilation of dark matter (DM). Recently, evidence for another excess $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray signal has been reported toward the outer halo of M31. In this work we interpret the excess signals from both the GC and outer halo of M31 in the framework of DM annihilation, and show that the two spectra are consistent with a DM origin once $J$-factors are taken into account. We further compare the excesses to models of DM annihilation, and determine the corresponding best-fit parameters. We find good fits to the spectrum both in two body and four body annihilation modes.
Interweaving disentangled: Korean American students with autism go to college

This study explores the intersectionality in the educational experiences of Korean American students with autism as they navigate the transition from high school to college. For these students, dis...
LGBTQ+A? Asexuals’ Attitudes Toward LGBTQ Individuals: A Test of Norm-Centered Stigma Theory

While occasionally included in the broad acronym of LGBTQA, asexual individuals (those who have no interest in being involved in sexual activity) often go unmentioned in social movements and discussions regarding LGBTQ+ identities. Likely in part because of the stigmatizing belief that sexual interest in others is a compulsory part of human existence, asexuals may feel disregarded in LGBTQ spaces, yet little is known about asexuals’ attitudes toward LGBTQ individuals. The current study utilizes Worthen’s Norm-Centered Stigma Theory and a sample of U.S. adults aged 18–64 stratified by U.S. census categories of age, gender, race/ethnicity and census region collected from online panelists (N = 3104; n = 45 asexual respondents) to investigate how norms (hetero-cis-normativity) and intersecting experiences with social power (sexual and gender identities) relate to the stigmatization of LGBTQ people. Findings suggest that asexual people may harbor some level of negativity toward LGBTQ people (but they are less stigmatizing toward LGBTQ people than heterosexuals are) and that intersections between hetero-cis-normativity and asexual identity are critical to continue to explore. Overall results support the use of Norm-Centered Stigma Theory to understand asexual people’s perspectives and work toward developing a deeper understanding of asexuality.
Bochdalek Hernia with Gastric Necrosis Requiring Roux-en-Y Esophagojejunostomy.

ABSTRACT Bochdalek hernias are the most common congenital diaphragmatic hernias and are usually diagnosed during childhood1. They can present in adulthood and, in uncommon circumstances, result in gastric herniation with strangulation. We present a case of an adult Bochdalek hernia resulting in total gastric necrosis necessitating Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy in an otherwise healthy 39-year-old male. This case highlights the potential morbidity associated with unrepaired congenital diaphragmatic hernias and the need for appropriate referral.
Complications in Anesthesia

Anesthesia-related complications still exist and account for significant morbidity. This chapter reviews common complications encountered throughout anesthesia practice, its etiology, and management. Trauma results from a variety of anesthesia procedures, such as airway manipulation, vascular access, positioning, and peripheral nerve blockade. Dental injury is the most common upper airway injury, but airway management can cause injury to all upper airway structures including the nostrils, tongue, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and esophagus. Esophageal perforation can lead to death. Vascular access is essential for anesthesia practice, but can lead to multiple complications including arterial and venous thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, sheared catheter, intra-arterial injections, air embolism, cardiac/vascular perforation, pulmonary artery rupture, etc. Anesthesiologists should be aware of preventing peripheral neuropathy resulting from excessive pressure applied to the mask, tourniquet use, positioning, and intraneural injection. Corneal abrasions are the most common eye injury during non-ophthalmologic surgeries, while postoperative vision loss is a rare, but devastating complication. Preventing an operating room (OR) fire is an important patient safety issue and anesthesiologists should use the lowest oxygen concentration in laser airway procedures to avoid airway burns, which is a disaster for the patient. Mild hypothermia is common during general anesthesia due to impaired thermoregulation and cold environmental exposure. However, it is important to keep the patient warm during surgery due to the many adverse effects that hypothermia has, including increased metabolic demand, shivering, increased surgical infection, and delayed wound healing. Both laryngospasms and bronchospasms are severe respiratory complications and require rapid treatment to avoid mortality. Postobstruction pulmonary edema occurs most common after a laryngospasm and is treated with supportive measures and positive ventilation in severe cases. Anaphylaxis is defined as a serious, generalized or systemic allergic or hypersensitivity reaction that can be life threatening. The most common triggers of anaphylaxis during anesthesia are neuromuscular-blocking agents (NMBAs), antibiotics, latex, hypnotic agents, opioids, and colloids. Immediate recognition of anaphylaxis is a key to preventing mortality. Ephinephrine is the first line drug to restore circulation in the event of circulatory collapse. Perioperative pulmonary aspiration occurs after the induction of anesthesia, during a procedure, or in the immediate period after surgery. The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) fasting guideline should be followed to prevent the aspiration of gastric contents.
Toward scalability and interoperability of heterogeneous information sources

Future large and complex information systems create new challenges and opportunities for research and advanced development in data management. A brief description of Hughes research and prototype efforts to meet these challenges is summarized. >
Towards Integrated Multimedia Systems: Why and How

A multimedia system is characterized by the computer-controlled generation, manipulation, presentation, storage, and communication of independent discrete media such as text and graphics and continuous media such as audio and video. The innovation multimedia systems provide is flexibility through integration of different media into a single system. Such a system can unify the methods of information distribution, personalize information services through interactive access and individual information selection, enlarge the bandwidth of perception at the user interface, make information presentation more effective, and provide flexible media processing and transformation. The major obstacles to integrating continuous media with the discrete media in computer systems are limitations of today’s digital solutions: In addition to high-capacity and high-speed hardware, system software is needed that meets the real-time demands of audio and video, and a multimedia application interface is compulsory. This paper elaborates on the key issues for providing multimedia support.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

To the Editor: We applaud the authors’ efforts in attempting to use randomized controlled trials to study the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in acute ischemic strokes. Although we agree that the pressure at which the patients were treated (2.5 atm absolute [ATA]) is appropriate, we feel that several of their other methodologies and interpretations require comments. First: The time interval from onset of symptoms to the first HBO treatment is critical. The “golden period” from blockage of a vessel of the brain by thrombus or embolus with onset of neurological dysfunction is 3 hours.1 This is defined as the first reperfusion period. The second reperfusion period occurs from 3 to 5 hours2 after the occlusion. Successful outcomes in the treatment of cerebral gas embolism with HBO during the second reperfusion have been observed.3 Hence, any study using HBO has to consider these 2 reperfusion times. Second: The complication of cerebral edema associated with the treatment of arterial gas embolism has been observed4,5 even with immediate HBO treatment. We have reported evidence of a post-HBO exposure vasodilatation occurring in otherwise healthy volunteers.6 We do not feel these observations are a cause of morbidity. Third: The minimum of a 1-hour HBO exposure at 2 ATA is required to saturate the mixed venous hemoglobin return to the right atrium in normal resting males.7 An additional 30 minutes is needed to saturate the other tissues of the body. Treatment duration less than this would not be expected to give optimal results. Fourth: For optimal results with acute ischemia of the brain, repetitive HBO treatments are recommended.3,8 Adequate treatment pressures, durations, and repetitions improve outcomes.9 An earlier controlled study, which also showed no benefit from HBO, has some of the same criticisms as this study: for …
Marketing Warfare Strategies

Marketing warfare strategies are competitor-centered strategies borrowed from the field of military science and applied in a marketing context. According to Rindfleisch, advocates of this approach suggest that both marketing and the military are very similar, and both fields share “(i) two or more opposing forces; (ii) competition for a limited and valuable resource; (iii) a zero-sum orientation in which gains come at the expense of competitor losses; and (iv) defined rules of engagement in which one competitor attacks while the opposing defends.” This approach was popular in the 1980s, whereas in the current era of relationship marketing this approach has become less relevant. Also, an increased awareness of differences between business and military organizational cultures raises questions of the applicability of military strategies in a business context. Keywords: competitor-centered strategies; marketing strategy; organizational culture; relationship marketing
The Social and Economic Implications of a National Liveable Wage: Lessons from Minimum Wage History

The United States is one of the most industrialized and technologically advanced nations in the world and yet more than 40 million people subsist on minimum wage. A third of the United States military earn wages which place them below the national poverty line and more than a million veterans, for a multitude of reasons are homeless. This explores the social and economic implications of implementing a national liveable wage in the United States. The purpose of this study is better understand the benefits and drawbacks associated with implementing a wage scale based on the cost of subsistence by region. This study will consider the cost to tax payers, the potential impact on employment opportunities, the impact on small and large businesses and the impact on local economies.
Biomass production and nutrient removal by tropical grasses subsurface drip‐irrigated with dairy effluent

Effluent lagoons on dairy farms can overflow and potentially pollute adjacent land and associated water bodies. An alternative solution to effluent disposal is needed by dairy operators in island environments. An attractive win-win alternative is to recycle nutrients from this resource through effluent irrigation for forage grass production that minimizes environmental pollution. This study assessed biomass production and nutrient removal by, and high application rates to, tropical grasses that were subsurface drip-irrigated with dairy effluent. Four grass species – Banagrass (Pennisetum purpureum K. Schumach.), California grass (Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf.), Stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst) and Suerte grass (Paspalum atratum Swallen) – were subsurface (20–25 cm) drip-irrigated with effluent at two rates based on potential evapotranspiration (ETp) at the site (Waianae, Hawaii) −2·0 ETp (16 mm d−1 in winter; 23 mm d−1 in summer) and 0·5 ETp (5 mm d−1 in winter; 6 mm d−1 in summer). Treatments were arranged in an augmented completely randomized design. Brachiaria mutica and P. purpureum had the highest dry-matter yield (43–57 t ha−1 year−1) and nutrient uptake especially with the 2·0 ETp irrigation rate (1083–1405 kg ha−1 year−1 N, 154–164 kg ha−1 year−1 P, 1992–2141 kg ha−1 year−1 K). Average removal of nutrients by the grasses was 25–94% of the applied nitrogen, 11–82% of phosphorus and 2–13% of the potassium. Average values of crude protein (90–160 g kg−1), neutral detergent fibre (570–620 g kg−1) and acid detergent fibre (320–360 g kg−1) were at levels acceptable for feeding to lactating cattle. Results suggest that P. purpureum and B. mutica irrigated with effluent effectively recycled nutrients in the milk production system.
Prospective, Randomized Trial to Evaluate Efficacy of a Bipolar Sealer in Direct Anterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty

Total hip arthroplasty can be associated with substantial blood loss requiring allogenic transfusions. Intraoperative blood loss patterns in DAA differ from other approaches. This study evaluated the hemostatic efficacy of a bipolar sealer in DAA THA on surgical blood loss and transfusion requirements. 118 patients were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial. Primary outcome measure was transfusion rate, while secondary measures included calculated blood loss. A lower transfusion rate was found in the treatment group (3.5 % vs 16.4%, P=.03). There were differences in Hemoglobin-drop (P=.04), calculated blood loss (P=.02), and hidden blood loss (P=.02), favoring the treatment group. The use of a bipolar sealer decreased intraoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements in the study population.
Viewpoints on transport phenomena

When our textbook [Bird, Stewart, and Lighffoot, 1960hereinafter referred to as BSL] was published there was a general feeling in the profession that the book was overly theoretical and that little or ever serious use would be made of the equations of change. Because of the rapid development of computers and numerical methods in the intervening time, however, it is now possible to take a more fundamental viewpoint in the solution of certain classes of problems. As a resuit, the subject of transport phenomena is being increasingly used, not only in chemical engineering but in a variety of scientific and engineering disciplines. Through the years, the viewpoints of the authors of the above-mentioned book have evolved, and we have gradually introduced new ideas into the teaching program at the University of Wisconsin. This review contains some topics not contained in BSL, as well as some material from BSL presented in a different way. Also a number of newer references are cited. Perhaps this review will be helpful to students and teachers. For the most part the notation of BSL will be used here. In writing dot, double-dot, and cross products, we use parentheses ( ) to indicate operations that yield a scalar, brackets [ ] for those that yield a vector, and braces { } for those that yield a tensor. These enclosures further serve to show which quantities are being operated on by the V-operator. For example, the quantity [V. pw] is a vector, and it is understood that the V-operator involves differentiation of all three symbols to the right of it. Similarly (x:Vv) and (V-pl3v) are operations that result in scalars. Since the above rules apply only if dot or cross operations are involved, we may write either Vv or (Vv), and v+w may be written either as (v+w). or as Iv+w]. Vectors are bold-face Roman letters, and tensors are bold-face Greek symbols. The unit tensor is 8 with components ~ (the Kronecker delta), and the unit vectors in the three coordinate directions are indicated by bold-face deltas with the appropriate subscript: &, &, &. The tensor e is a third-order tensor, with components e~, = �89 k)(k-i). In equations that are written for multicomponent mixtures the various chemical species are indicated with Greek subscripts ct, ]3, ... running from 1 to N. In equations written specifically for binary mixtures, the Roman subscripts A and B are used to designate the two chemical species. A circumflex (") over a symbol means that it is a quantity "per unit mass". The subject of transport phenomena makes use of the conservation laws of physics: the conservation of mass, momentum, angular momenttim, and energy. These laws are taken over without question. It is worth noting that the law of conservation of energy may be derived from the homogeneity of time, the law of conservation of momentum from the homogeneity of space, and the law of angular momentum from the isotropy of space [Landau and Lifshitz, 1960, Chapter 2; Callen, 1985, w
Solid state coordination chemistry: Structural consequences of varying diphosphonate tether length and fluoride incorporation in the copper–bisterpy/oxomolybdenum/organodiphosphonate system (bisterpy = 2,2′:4′,4″:2″,2″′-quarterpyridyl-6′,6″-di-2-pyridine)

Abstract The hydrothermal reactions of Cu(C2H3O2)2·H2O, MoO3, 2,2′:4′,4″:2″,2′″-quarterpyridyl-6′,6″-di-2-pyridine (bisterpy), and organodiphosphonate ligands of varying carbon chain length in the presence of HF yield a series of novel organic–inorganic hybrid materials of the oxomolybdenum–organophosphonate family. All compounds of the study were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, TGA, magnetic susceptibility and single crystal X-ray diffraction. A common feature within the architectures of both the three-dimensional structure of [{Cu2(bisterpy)(H2O)}Mo5O15{O3P(CH2)4PO3}]·4.5H2O (1) and the one-dimensional structure of [{Cu2(bisterpy)(H2O)2}Mo5O15{O3P(CH2)5PO3}] (2) is the presence of {Mo5O15(O3PR)2}4− clusters as building blocks. In the one-dimensional [{Cu2(bisterpy)(H2O)2}Mo2F6O4{HO3P(CH2)4PO3H}] (6), {Cu2(bisterpy)}Mo2F4O4{HO3P(CH2)5PO3H}2]·2H2O (7·2H2O), [{Cu2(bisterpy)(H2O)2}Mo4F8O8{O3P(CH2)6PO3}]·H2O (8·H2O) and [{Cu2(bisterpy)(H2O)2}Mo4F8O8{O3P(CH2)9PO3}] (9), the two-dimensional [{Cu2(bisterpy)(OH)}Mo2F3O4{O3P(CH2)PO3}]·11H2O (3·11H2O) and [{Cu2(bisterpy)(H2O)2}Mo4F4O10{O3P(CH2)2PO3}] (4), and the three-dimensional [{Cu2(bisterpy)}Mo4F6O9{O3P(CH2)3PO3}] (5), the pentamolybdate core has not been formed due to the incorporation of fluoride ions; rather a variety of {MoxFyOz} units link the copper–bisterpy units. All structures contain the secondary metal–ligand {Cu2(bisterpy)(H2O)x} binuclear unit. The materials of this study demonstrate the wide structural variety available to this family of compounds by modifying both the carbon chain length of the organodiphosphonate ligand and by incorporation of fluoride within the structure.
Television Advertising of Liquid Nutritional Supplements Targeting Older Persons

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To define the influence of television advertising of liquid supplements on a community-dwelling geriatric population. A telephone survey instrument was developed to ascertain perceptions of Medicare risk participants in the Geisinger Healthcare System in regard to television advertising of liquid nutritional supplements. Pilot testing was conducted to ensure face validity and internal consistency. A sample of 50 community-dwelling subjects were randomly selected from a total of 3,000 eligible Medicare risk enrollees who had completed prior nutrition risk screening. With up to 3 attempts at telephone contact, there were 42 completed individual surveys, with 3-refusals, 4-unable to contact and 1-eliminated because of biased information. There were 12 males and 30 females surveyed with mean age 70 ± 12 years. Use of daily vitamin or liquid nutritional supplement was reported by 24/42 (57%) and 7/42 (17%), respectively. All subjects contacted owned a television and a remarkable 16/42 (38%) spent more than 5 hours daily watching television. There were 40/42 (95%) who had observed a television commercial marketing liquid nutritional supplements to older persons. When asked to recall wether consulting a health professional was suggested by the advertisements, 16/40 (40%) responded in the affirmative, 12/40 (30%) in the negative, and 12/40 (30%) were unsure. There were 25/40 (62%) who recalled that the commercials suggest that supplement can be used as a meal replacement. Few subjects (5/40, 12%) felt supplements were appropriate for everyone, and health conditions (37/40, 92%) and age (34/40, 85%) were most frequently cited as factors determining need. The persuasive reach of television advertising that targets older persons must be considered. It is crucial that nutrition professionals appreciate the perceptions that may result.
A Note on Probabilistic Analysis of a Sparse Matrix Factorization Scheme and Random Graphs

Known results in random graph theory lead easily to a quantitative result on the number of multiplications needed in a matrix factorization algorithm, under the assumption that non-zero entries are randomly distributed.
Design, simulation, and testing of IDT-based MEMS gyroscope

The design and simulation of a Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) MEMS gyroscope using HP EESOF is presented in this paper. This SAW gyroscope is an integration of a SAW resonator and a SAW sensor. The SAW resonator is designed and optimized using coupling-of-modes theory. The SAW resonator is used to setup the stable reference vibration. A SAW sensor arranged in orthogonal to the resonator. Further to this resonator, strategically positioned metallic dots that form an array along the standing wave anti-node locations are subjected to the reference vibratory motion. These vibrating dot arrays through the Coriolis effect will generate secondary SAW in orthogonal direction under rotation, which can then be picked up by the SAW sensor. Numerical simulation using HP EESOF is used to optimize this gyroscope. This SAW gyroscope can be competitively priced, inherently rugged, reliable and very sensitive, which is capable of being wirelessly interrogated, without any sensor power source. In view of its one-layer planar configuration, this gyroscope can be implemented easily for applications requiring conformal mounting onto a surface of interest.
Dissociation of PTPase Levels from Their Modulation of Insulin Receptor Signal Transduction

Protein tyrosine phosphatases have been implicated in the regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase signalling pathways, including that of the insulin receptor. Here, cell density-dependent changes in PTPase expression have been exploited to investigate the relationship between cellular PTPase levels and the insulin receptor signal transduction pathway. Increasing cell density (20%, 50%, and >90%) in the rat McA-RH7777 hepatoma cell line resulted in increased protein expression of the receptor-like PTPase LAR (14-fold), and the nonreceptor PTPases PTP1B (11-fold) and SHP2 (10-fold). Each of these PTPases has previously been implicated in regulating insulin receptor signal transduction. Despite these marked increases, maximum insulin receptor autophosphorylation as well as receptor expression actually increased 2-fold. MAP kinase also increased approximately 2-fold as a function of cell density and paralleled increases in expression levels. Neither sensitivity nor maximum responsiveness to insulin were decreased at increasing cell densities as assessed by activation of PI 3-kinase. Duration of response was also unimpaired. These results suggest that expression levels of relevant PTPases are not the primary determinant in their modulation of insulin receptor kinase activity. Restricted accessibility at the molecular level or involvement of accessory proteins may be more critical parameters.
A bisection method for systems of nonlinear equations

On decrit un algorithme pour la resolution d'un systeme d'equations non lineaires F(X)=θ, ou θ=(0, ..., 0)∈R n et F est une transformation continue donnee du simplexe a n dimensions S dans R n (n≥2)
Toward new language adaptation for language identification

Abstract We study the adaptation of all existing language-identification system to new languages using a limited amount of training data. The platform used for this study is the system recently developed ( Yan and Barnard, 1995a , Yan and Barnard, 1995b ) to exploit phonotactic constraints based on language-dependent phone recognition. Using the proposed language model re-estimation technique based on probabilistic gradient descent, two new approaches and their combination are proposed and tested. These approaches all modify the phonotactic language models, so that they no longer equal the conventional maximum-likelihood estimate. The difference of these methods can be viewed as different information resampling on the same amount of data. Experiments were conducted using the standard OGI_TS database ( Muthusamy et al., 1992 ). For comparison, the baseline system (with traditional model estimation) was also subjected to the same set of tests. Systems trained with different amounts of training data in the new languages were evaluated. Compared with the conventional model estimation, the results demonstrate that the new methods improve adaptation to new languages. The success of the discriminative model shows that conventional model estimation is not optimal for language identification, so that improvements can be obtained by modifying the maximum-likelihood estimates of the language models.
Parent-rated emotional–behavioral and executive functioning in childhood epilepsy

The present study examined clinical and demographic risk factors associated with parent-rated emotional-behavioral and executive functioning in children and adolescents with epilepsy. The medical records of 152 children and adolescents with epilepsy referred for neuropsychological evaluation were reviewed. Results indicated that the sample displayed significantly elevated symptoms across the emotional-behavioral and executive domains assessed. Executive functioning and behavioral symptoms had the highest rates of clinically elevated scores, with lowest rates of elevated scores in internalizing and externalizing emotional problems. Only 34% of those participants with clinically significant emotional-behavioral or executive functioning difficulties had a history of psychological or counseling services, highlighting the underserved mental health needs of this population. In regard to clinical factors, the majority of seizure-related variables were not associated with emotional-behavioral or executive functioning. However, the frequency of seizures (i.e., seizure status) was associated with behavioral regulation aspects of executive functioning, and the age at evaluation was associated with externalizing problems and behavioral symptoms. Family psychiatric history (with the exception of ADHD) was associated with all domains of executive and emotional-behavioral functioning. In summary, emotional-behavioral and executive functioning difficulties frequently co-occur with seizures in childhood epilepsy, with both seizure-related and demographic factors contributing to the presentation of such neurobehavioral comorbidities. The present findings provide treatment providers of childhood epilepsy with important information to assist in better identifying children and adolescents who may be at risk for neurobehavioral comorbidities and may benefit from intervention.
The Evolution of Cultural Diversity: A Phylogenetic Approach

The Evolution of Cultural Diversity:. Phylogenetic Approach. Ruth Mace, Clare J. Holden, and Stephen Shennan, eds. Oxford, U.K.: Cavendish Publishing, 2005. 291 pp.
Diurnal heating of the surface of the Gulf of Mexico in the spring of 1942

The diurnal temperature change of the surface layer in the Gulf of Mexico in the spring of 1942 seems to be qualitatively related to the computed net flux of heat at the surface and to the wind force, being greatest for sunny, calm days. A numerical analysis of the data is attempted: The eddy conductivity is computed by two methods, and the results are conflicting.
New application of optical agent to image angiogenesis in hindlimb ischemia.

Optical agents targeting αvβ3 are potential tools to image the angiogenic response to limb ischemia. The left (L) femoral artery was ligated in 17 mice and sham surgery performed on the contralateral right (R) hindlimb. Seven days later, IntegriSense (2 nmol) was injected into 11 mice and 6 were probe controls. Six hours later, mice underwent optical imaging. Ratios of photon flux in the L/R limbs were calculated. Tissue was stained for αv, CD31, and lectin. The signal was increased in the ischemic limbs compared to contralateral legs and ratio of photon flux in L/R limb averaged 2.37. Control probe showed no hindlimb signal. IntegriSense colocalized with CD 31 by dual fluorescent staining. Ratios for L/R hindlimbs correlated with quantitative lectin staining (r = 0.88, p = 0.003). Optical imaging can identify and quantify angiogenic response to hindlimb ischemia. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Phospholipid Synthesis in Lung Slices from Fetuses of Alloxan Diabetic Rabbits

Summary: To investigate the effect of maternal diabetes on pulmonary phospholipid metabolism, we studied fetuses of rabbit does made diabetic with alloxan. Incorporation of radiolabeled choline into total and saturated phosphatidylcholine was measured in vitro in lung slices from 27.5 days gestation fetuses. No difference in choline incorporation was found between the diabetic and control groups even when disaturated phosphatidylcholine was measured. It was concluded that the previously described physiologic differences (i.e., decreases in lung deflation stability and surface activity of lung lavage) between fetuses of alloxan-diabetic and control rabbits must be due to some mechanism other than impaired phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis by the choline incorporation pathway. Speculation: The increased occurrence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) may be due to a deficiency of a component of surfactant other than phosphatidylcholine, an impairment of surfactant secretion, or the presence of a surfactant inhibitor.
Mobile Device Software: Model-Based Architectures and Examples

Summary form only given. This tutorial is a step-by-step approach to understanding software used by mobile devices, within the context of model-based design. Mobile device apps are widely viewed as a success, but even successful developers who attempt to program these devices using their existing knowledge may be daunted by the new terminology and unclear starting points. This is due to the informal nature of the documentation, which is potentially advantageous to novice coders, but which can be frustrating to experienced coders, who want to know how to map their current knowledge to these new platforms and APIs. This tutorial focuses on performing this mapping, and explicitly aims to help make these devices and their APIs accessible in terms of the high-level models that govern their behaviors and many of their designs. Participants who want to learn about the high-level software concepts in mobile device programming, and how those concepts map to canonical UML models will benefit from the presentation of those concepts as part of the tutorial.
A simple gas liquid chromatography procedure for determination of cannabinoidic acids in Cannabis sativa L.

La chromatographie gazeuse des extraits de la marihuana donne la quantite complete de chaque composant cannabinoique; tandis que la silylation des extraits precedant la chromatographie gazeuse, fournit des informations independentes sur les formes acides et non acides de chaque composant cannabinoique.
The band spectrum method of measuring the velocity of light

Abstract Work on the band spectrum method of measuring the velocity of light is summarized and brought up to date. It is shown how improvements in both infrared measurements and developments in microwave techniques have resulted in an increase in precision in the determination of c by the band spectrum method.
Electrical network models for coupled charge transport

Abstract The representation of the behavior of electrochemical systems by equivalent electrical networks of differently small electrical elements is examined with emphasis on phases such as binary electrolytes, polymer electrodes and other materials in which the motion of different species is strongly coupled.
The Cell Cycle as Therapeutic Target

(1995). The Cell Cycle as Therapeutic Target. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 13, No. 6, pp. 617-624.
Soluble oligomers of β amyloid (1-42) inhibit long-term potentiation but not long-term depression in rat dentate gyrus

The dementia in Alzheimer disease (AD) is usually attributed to widespread neuronal loss in conjunction with the pathologic hallmarks of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular plaques containing amyloid (A beta) in fibrillar form. Recently it has been demonstrated that non-fibrillar assemblies of A beta possess electrophysiologic activity, with the corollary that they may produce dementia by disrupting neuronal signaling prior to cell death. We therefore examined the effects of soluble oligomers of A beta(1-42) on long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), two cellular models of memory, in the dentate gyrus of rat hippocampal slices. Compared with vehicle controls, slices pre-incubated 60 min in the presence of A beta-derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs) showed no differences in threshold intensity to evoke a synaptic response, slope of field excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs), or the input/output function. Tetanus-induced LTP and reversal of LTD were strongly inhibited in ADDLs-treated slices whereas LTD was unaffected. These data suggest that soluble non-fibrillar amyloid may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD both by impairing LTP/memory formation at the cellular level and by creating 'neuroplasticity imbalance' manifested by unopposed LTD in the setting of impaired capacity for neural repair via reversal of LTD or LTP.