cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
P1-S2.72 Predictors of HSV-2 seroprevalence and willingness to accept a prescription for suppressive therapy among recently incarcerated women

Background HSV-2 seropositivity has direct links with one9s increased risk for HIV acquisition. Given that increases in HIV incidence are highest among women of colour in the USA, they may benefit from HSV-2 control efforts. We evaluated the acceptability of a community-based HSV-2 screening program for women in the justice system and assessed factors related to HSV-2 positivity and willingness to accept a prescription for suppressive therapy. Methods As part of a larger randomised controlled trial, recently arrested women were recruited from a community court handling lower-level misdemeanour cases, including prostitution, in a large Midwestern city. Individuals completed an interviewer administered survey assessing factors related to HSV-2 screening intentions and were offered no-cost of point-of-care HSV-2 testing. Individuals screening positive were offered low-cost ($4) suppressive therapy. Results Participants included 136 women, 18−62 years old (median=31) with reported ethnicities of White (51%), Black (43%) and other (6%). Most (51%) had less than a high school education, were unemployed (68%) and 28% were currently facing prostitution charges. The majority (64%) of participants accepted testing and 60% tested HSV-2 seropositive. Factors associated with an infection included age (OR=1.09; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.16), Black race (OR=50.06; 95% CI1.1.70 to 1472.14), lower educational attainment (OR=5.86; 95% CI 1.13 to 30.37), current genital symptoms (OR=6.5; 95% CI 1.25 to 34.17), and lifetime number of sexual partners (OR=102.33; 95% CI 6.62 to 1581.73). Being recently arrested for prostitution was not associated with an HSV-2 diagnosis. The majority of women testing positive (84.6%) accepted a prescription for suppressive therapy. Conclusion We detected very high rates of HSV-2 among recently incarcerated women, especially among Black women. Nearly all women who tested positive accepted a prescription for Acyclovir, indicating they were interested in suppressive therapy which could provide some benefit in preventing HIV acquisition. These results highlight how non-traditional public health partnerships, like academic-judicial system collaborations, provide an opportunity for STD control programs to intervene with high-risk individuals.
Opportunistic preventive services delivery. Are time limitations and patient satisfaction barriers

BACKGROUND The use of illness visits as opportunities to increase the delivery of preventive services has been widely recommended, but its feasibility in community practice is not known. We examined the prevalence of this opportunistic approach to providing preventive services, and the degree to which patient satisfaction and time limitation are barriers. METHODS Consecutive patient illness visits to 138 community family physicians were directly observed. Visits by patients who received at least one preventive service recommended by the US Preventive Services Task Force were compared with visits by patients not receiving any recommended preventive services, controlling for potentially confounding patient characteristics. RESULTS Among 3547 illness visits, preventive services were delivered during 39% of visits for chronic illness and 30% of visits for acute illness. Opportunistic health habits counseling occurred more frequently than screening or immunization. Visit satisfaction reported by 2454 patients using the Medical Outcomes Survey 9-item Visit Rating Scale was not different during illness visits with or without the delivery of preventive services. The duration of illness visits that included preventive services was an average of 2.1 minutes longer than illness visits without such interventions (95% confidence interval, 1.7-2.4). CONCLUSIONS The delivery of preventive services during illness visits is common in community practice and is well accepted by patients. The expansion of an opportunistic approach to providing preventive services will require attention to time-efficient approaches.
LINKING COLONIZATION AND DECOLONIZATION: THE CASE OF MICRONESIA

Although a significant literature exists on the processes leading to colonization, little has been written on the factors relevant to decolonization. Focusing on the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, I outline an argument that rests on a unilateral decision by the United States to establish an empire in the Pacific. I then entertain the hypothesis that decolonization represents a direct reversal of the factors leading to colonization, that is, another unilateral decision by the United States. I argue that such a model is empirically simplistic and incorrect. I offer evidence to suggest that local elites in the various island "states" as well as an international norm against colonization led the United States to begin to alter its relationship with the Trust Territory in the mid-1960s. This example of decolonization partially represents the effort of the United States to gain legitimacy for its presence in the Pacific and partially represents an effective constraint on its autonomy.
Failure of hydrocortisone to alter acutely antipyrine disposition.

The disposition of intravenously administered antipyrine in single doses of 40 mg/kg was studied in 3 dogs at 7:00 A.M. and 3 wk later at 7:00 P.M. Our purpose was to determine whether hydrocortisone differentially affected antipyrine disposition according to a circadian pattern. After each intravenous dose of antipyrine, saline was infused for 3 hr followed by intravenous hydrocortisone (2 mg/15 kg loading dose; 2 mg/15 mg/hr infusion for 3 hr). This regimen of hydrocortisone failed at either 7:00 A.M. or 7:00 P.M. to alter acutely antipyrine decay curves. Furthermore, in 4 normal male volunteers, no inflection in the salivary antipyrine decay curve occurred when hydrocortisone was injected 8 hr after antipyrine. In the human volunteers an intravenous injection of 3 mg was followed immediately by an additional 6 hr of continuous hydrocortisone infusion at 3 mg/hr. These experiments show that hydrocortisone alters the pharmacokinetics of previously administered antipyrine in neither dogs nor man.
Human adaptation and evolution by segmental duplication

Duplications are the primary force by which new gene functions arise and provide a substrate for large-scale structural variation. Analysis of thousands of genomes shows that humans and great apes have more genetic differences in content and structure over recent segmental duplications than any other euchromatic region. Novel human-specific duplicated genes, ARHGAP11B and SRGAP2C, have recently been described with a potential role in neocortical expansion and increased neuronal spine density. Large segmental duplications and the structural variants they promote are also frequently stratified between human populations with a subset being subjected to positive selection. The impact of recent duplications on human evolution and adaptation is only beginning to be realized as new technologies enhance their discovery and accurate genotyping.
Inflammatory Biomarkers Predict Domain-Specific Cognitive Decline in Older Adults

Background Vascular risk factors, including inflammation, may contribute to dementia development. We investigated the associations between peripheral inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive decline in five domains (memory, construction, language, psychomotor speed, and executive function). Methods Community-dwelling older adults from the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study (n = 1,159, aged 75 or older) free of dementia at baseline were included and followed for up to 7 years. Ten biomarkers were measured at baseline representing different sources of inflammation: vascular inflammation (pentraxin 3 and serum amyloid P), endothelial function (endothelin-1), metabolic function (adiponectin, resistin, and plasminogen activating inhibitor-1), oxidative stress (receptor for advanced glycation end products), and general inflammation (interleukin-6, interleukin-2, and interleukin-10). A combined z-score was created from these biomarkers to represent total inflammation across these sources. We utilized generalized estimating equations that included an interaction term between z-scores and time to assess effect of inflammation on cognitive decline, adjusting for demographics (such as age, race/ethnicity, and sex), cardiovascular risk factors, and apolipoprotein E e4 carrier status. A Bonferroni-adjusted significance level of .01 was used. We explored associations between individual biomarkers and cognitive decline without adjustment for multiplicity. Results The combined inflammation z-score was significantly associated with memory and psychomotor speed (p < .01). Pentraxin 3, serum amyloid P, endothelin-1, and interleukin-2 were associated with change in at least one cognitive domain (p < .05). Conclusion Our results suggest that total inflammation is associated with memory and psychomotor speed. In particular, systemic inflammation, vascular inflammation, and altered endothelial function may play roles in domain-specific cognitive decline of nondemented individuals.
Pin1 Knockout Mice: A Model for the Study of Tau Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease

Pin1 knockout in mice causes age-dependent neuropathy characterized by motor and behavioral deficits, tau hyper phosphorylation, tau filament formation, and neuronal degradation. Here, we describe the methods with mouse behavior test, immunostaining, and immunoblotting to detect many aspects of neurodegeneration in Pin1 knockout mice.
Academic Freedom and the Critical Task of the University

Why is academic freedom essential to the idea of the university? To answer this question, let us first ask, what is academic freedom? Academic freedom is both a right and an obligation. It allows f...
Lock-step simulation is child's play (experience report)

Implementing multi-player networked games by broadcasting the player’s input and letting each client calculate the game state -- a scheme known as *lock-step simulation* – is an established technique. However, ensuring that every client in this scheme obtains a consistent state is infamously hard and in general requires great discipline from the game programmer. The thesis of this pearl is that in the realm of functional programming – in particular with Haskell's purity and static pointers – this hard problem becomes almost trivially easy. We support this thesis by implementing lock-step simulation under very adverse conditions. We extended the educational programming environment CodeWorld, which is used to teach math and programming to middle school students, with the ability to create and run interactive, networked multi-user games. Despite providing a very abstract and high-level interface, and without requiring any discipline from the programmer, we can provide consistent lock-step simulation with client prediction.
Using Genome Engineering to Understand Huntington’s Disease

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal, dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG trinucleotide expansion in the Huntingtin (HTT) gene, leading to an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) region in the encoded protein HTT. We have used homologous recombination (HR) to genetically correct HD patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and found that this reversed HD disease phenotypes. We have utilized exploited genome editing tools including TALENs (Transcription like activator effectors) and CRISPR (Clustered Regulatory Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)/Cas9 technology to carry out genetic correction or expansion, and we were able to detect HR without selection in human cells. The overall goal is to use this technology to model HD-relevant cell types and better understand disease progression by leveraging system biology approaches. To understand the disease progression, isogenic iPSC lines were created. We found that the disease phenotypes only manifested in the differentiated neural stem cell (NSC) stage, not in iPSCs. Transcriptomic analysis of HD iPSCs and HD NSCs compared to isogenic controls was utilized to understand the molecular basis for the CAG repeat expansion-dependent disease phenotypes in NSCs. Differential gene expression and pathway analysis identified transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling, netrin-1 signaling and medium spiny neuron (MSNs) maturation and maintenance as the top dysregulated pathways in HD NSCs. The ability to create additional isogenic cell lines through CRISPR-mediated HR will further enhance our understanding of HD progression. These lines can be manipulated with CRISPR to understand the effects of common SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism) that modulate disease onset in HD, allowing the identification of new pathways and helping to elucidate potential therapeutic targets for HD. Beyond drug discovery, the CRISPR system could eventually be optimized to use in vivo, correcting a patient’s disease-causing mutation, in the asymptomatic stages of HD.
Brief Report: Caregiver Strategy Implementation—Advancing Spoken Communication in Children Who are Minimally Verbal

Research has demonstrated that caregivers’ use of intervention strategies can support their children’s social engagement and communication. However, it is not clear to what degree caregivers must master the strategies to effectively support gains in social communication, specifically, core challenges such as joint attention language (comments). Twenty-two minimally verbal school-age children with autism received a social communication intervention with caregiver coaching. Through 10 min caregiver–child play interactions at eight time points, significant increase were found in children’s spontaneous language. Further, children’s spontaneous language was associated with caregivers’ implementation. Minimum benchmarks for caregivers’ total intervention implementation are discussed.
Influence of O2-Hb Kinetics and the Fähraeus Effect on the Arteriolar Role in Gas Exchange

The role of precapillary and postcapillary vessels in microcirculatory gas exchange have received considerable attention[1] ever since experimental findings indicated that significant amount of oxygen is exchanged between arterioles and the surrounding tissue[2–4]. Roth & Wade[5] simulated O2-CO2 coupled transport in the rat skeletal muscle microcirculation using a multicompartmental model. One of the noticeable results of their simulation was a dominant precapillary CO2 flux leading to the conclusion that virtually all of the CO2 exchange takes place in precapillary vessels during rest. They also concluded that, during exercise, 80% of CO2 is exchanged before the capillary bed. Our simulation[6] for cat cerebral O2-CO2 transport predicted that the arteriolar contribution to total CO2 flux was less than 20% and therefore suggested that capillaries were the prime site of CO2 exchange in the microcirculation. Our later work[7], using a multicompartmental model for O2-CO2 coupled transport in the rat skeletal microcirculation under various rest/exercise conditions, suggested that a number of factors in model formulation or in simulation parameters may affect model prediction regarding the roles of arterioles and capillaries in microcirculatory gas exchange, particularly in CO2 exchange. Simplifying assumption for compartmental concentration gradient, which was used by a number of earlier models, may significantly alter the result depending on the conditions. In addition, omission of radial blood diffusion resistance, which was also assumed by many investigators, may lead to an overestimation of arteriolar fluxes (Fa). Lower blood flow rate, higher arteriolar diffusion conductances, or higher CO2/O2 respiratory quotient may result in a higher contribution ratio of arterioles versus capillaries (Fa/Fc). These factors may contribute to the differences in predictions of Fa/Fc for different body organs or species of animals. In contrast with earlier models in the literature, our model usually predicts capillary dominance for O2 and CO2 exchange, and reveals the existence of negative venular flux contribution.
The interactive effect of advanced cancer patient and caregiver prognostic understanding on patients' completion of Do Not Resuscitate orders

Objective Advanced cancer patients' prognostic understanding is associated with completion of Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders, which often represent engagement in advance care planning (ACP). Given caregivers' critical roles in patient decision-making about ACP and end-of-life care, caregivers' prognostic understanding may have a large additive effect. The present study examined the association between the main and interactive effects of advanced cancer patient and caregiver prognostic understanding on DNR order completion. Methods Data were analyzed from a combined dataset of 2 sequential multi-institutional, longitudinal cohort studies of patients with advanced cancer and their informal caregivers (n = 279 dyads) from 2002 to 2008 (Coping with Cancer 1) and 2010 to 2015 (Coping with Cancer 2). Patients' and caregivers' prognostic understanding regarding life-expectancy (≤ 12 months [prognostic understanding], >12 months [lack of prognostic understanding]) was assessed. DNR order completion was assessed through self-report and confirmed through cross-checking with medical records. Results Multivariable modeling of the main and interactive effects revealed the interactive effect, but not the individual effects, of patients' and caregivers' prognostic understanding was significantly associated with higher odds of patients' DNR order completion, adjusting for potential confounds (AOR = 5.89, P = 0.04). For dyads in which both the patient and caregiver had prognostic understanding regarding life expectancy of ≤12 months, 70.7% of patients had completed DNR orders compared with 31.6% to 38.9% in which 1 or both lacked prognostic understanding. Conclusions Findings highlight the need for ensuring accurate patient and caregiver prognostic understanding in increasing DNR order completion, which may provide a framework for improving engagement in ACP more broadly.
The Impact of The Daily Show and The Colbert Report on Public Attentiveness to Science and the Environment

Prior research on the political effects of late-night comedy programs has demonstrated that by piggy-backing political content on entertainment fare, such programs provide a, "gateway," to increased audience attention to news and public affairs, particularly among less politically engaged audiences. Given the heightened coverage of science and environmental topics on Comedy Central’s satirical news programs, "The Daily Show," and, "The Colbert Report," this paper considers whether a similar process could be at work relative to public attention to science and the environment. An analysis of nationally representative survey data finds that audience exposure to, "The Daily Show," and, "The Colbert Report," goes hand-in-hand with attention paid to science and environmental issues, specifically global warming. Moreover, the relationship between satirical news use and attentiveness is most pronounced among those with the least amount of formal education, who might otherwise lack the resources and motivation to pay attention to scientific and environmental issues. In this way, satirical news is an attention equalizer, reducing traditional gaps in attentiveness between those with low and high levels of education.
The Christ of Kazantzakis's Christ Recrucified:

In the wake of Martin Scorsese's film adaption of the controversial novel The Last Temptation of Christ by the Greek writer Nikos Kazantzakis, Kazantzakis's work received a flurry of attention, but...
Removal of T-Fasteners Immediately After Percutaneous Gastrostomy Tube Placement: Experience in 488 Patients

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the safety of T-fastener removal immediately after percutaneous gastrostomy tube placement by assessing difference in complication rates betwee...
Development of 3-D Analytic Radiative Transfer Model Based on the Umrt Model and Horizontal Perturbation Series

A horizontally inhomogeneous unified microwave radiative transfer (HI-UMRT) model is being developed at the University of Colorado at Boulder to provide 3-dimensional (3-D) analytic forward radiative transfer solutions for 3-D inhomogeneous clouds in severe weather. The HI-UMRT model decomposes the 3-D differential RT equation into a series of azimuthal harmonics and iterative perturbation equations which are readily solved by the existing planar-stratified 1-D UMRT engine. The HI-UMRT solution inherits the properties of unconditional numerical stability, efficiency, and accuracy from the UMRT algorithm not only for spherical hydrometeors but for aspherical cloud ice particles based on the NASA/GSFC DDSCAT database. The HI-UMRT numerical results were produced and compared with 1-D UMRT simulations to evaluate the effects of cloud horizontal inhomogeneities on brightness temperature measurements.
Pilot Study of Home Vitals and Activity Monitoring for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients

Can leveraging fast growing technology assist with improving patient outcomes and streamline workflows at the same time? We piloted remote monitoring technologies to find out. In partnership with our hospital's Digital Health team, we provided 39 allogeneic blood and marrow transplant (BMT) recipients with a Bluetooth enabled blood pressure, temperature and activity tracking device. After a one-time set up and pairing with the patient's smartphone, the devices automatically transmitted real-time readings into the patient's permanent electronic medical record (EMR). The patient's transplant care team had the ability to view a dashboard with at home readings. Abnormal readings were also delivered directly to their EMR's inbox. Patients were asked to monitor these readings for at least 100 days post BMT, with the option to continue using the remote devices longer, if desired. Approximately 60% of patients had consistent at home BP and temperature readings recorded in their EMR but only 16% had activity tracking data. We observed the following advantages of remote monitoring: (1) Ease of use by BMT team: The transplant nurse coordinators found it relatively simple to view normal and abnormal at home readings from the EMR. (2) Enhanced patient monitoring: Transplant nurse coordinators were able to see trends before the patient's office visits. For one patient, monitoring prompted a cardiology appointment, where they were able to route home readings to the cardiologist through the EMR. (3) Patient experience: Patients who were able to successfully use the devices generally had positive feedback about them. However, some challenges and opportunities for improvement were identified: (1) Need for better hardware: The activity device used in this pilot was a basic device, future efforts may be better focused on other activity devices. The functionality of our platform was not seamless for Android users. (2) False positive readings: False positive temperature and heart rate readings were an issue (e.g., temperature of 105 recorded due to a family member "playing" with thermometer, recording heart rate from wife's Apple watch . (3) Patient expectations: Despite educating patients to call their care team with abnormal readings, many patients did not and expected an immediate phone call from their nurse coordinator. (4) Patient experience: Some patients stated that the devices were not easy to use and troubleshooting issues was difficult. We found that remote monitoring of vitals and activity in allogeneic transplant recipients is feasible but has opportunities for improvement before it can be more widely adopted. Workflows were not negatively impacted and visualizing the data was easy. We can see the benefit that at home monitoring could bring, but would need to see improvements with integration, software and hardware before it can be used routinely to care for patients.
The Evolution of Human-Autonomy Teams in Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems Operations

The focus of this current research is two-fold: (1) to understand how team interaction in human-autonomy teams (HAT)s evolve in the Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) task context, and (2) to understand how HATs respond to three types of failures (automation, autonomy, and cyber-attack) over time. We summarize the findings from three of our recent experiments regarding the team interaction within HAT over time in the dynamic context of RPAS. For the first and the second experiments, we summarize general findings related to team member interaction of a three-member team over time, by comparison of HATs with all-human teams. In the third experiment, which extends beyond the first two experiments, we investigate HAT evolution when HATs are faced with three types of failures during the task. For all three of these experiments, measures focus on team interactions and temporal dynamics consistent with the theory of interactive team cognition. We applied Joint Recurrence Quantification Analysis, to communication flow in the three experiments. One of the most interesting and significant findings from our experiments regarding team evolution is the idea of entrainment, that one team member (the pilot in our study, either agent or human) can change the communication behaviors of the other teammates over time, including coordination, and affect team performance. In the first and second studies, behavioral passiveness of the synthetic teams resulted in very stable and rigid coordination in comparison to the all-human teams that were less stable. Experimenter teams demonstrated metastable coordination (not rigid nor unstable) and performed better than rigid and unstable teams during the dynamic task. In the third experiment, metastable behavior helped teams overcome all three types of failures. These summarized findings address three potential future needs for ensuring effective HAT: (1) training of autonomous agents on the principles of teamwork, specifically understanding tasks and roles of teammates, (2) human-centered machine learning design of the synthetic agent so the agents can better understand human behavior and ultimately human needs, and (3) training of human members to communicate and coordinate with agents due to current limitations of Natural Language Processing of the agents.
The Fractional Quantum Hall State-to-Nematic Phase Transition Under Hydrostatic Pressure

When we applied hydrostatic pressure to a GaAs two-dimensional electron system, we observed an unexpected result: a never-before-seen phase transition at filling factor ν = 5∕2 from the fractional quantum Hall state to the nematic phase. This represented the first time such a nematic phase developed spontaneously at ν = 5∕2, without any external symmetry-breaking fields. Probing the temperature dependence of the ν = 5∕2 fractional quantum Hall state and nematic phase at different pressures allowed us to map a stability diagram of the different phases. Evidence suggests that this transition is a quantum phase transition—a phase transition at zero temperature.
Effect of Anemia in Postoperative Outcomes of Autologous Breast Reconstruction Surgery.

BACKGROUND The true effects of anemia on postoperative surgical outcomes in autologous breast reconstruction surgery are unknown. We intended to evaluate the effect of chronic anemia on surgical outcomes in autologous breast reconstruction surgeries using a large national database. METHODS Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database, we examined the clinical data of patients who underwent immediate or delayed autologous breast reconstruction surgery from 2012 to 2014. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to independently evaluate the effect of chronic anemia on postoperative outcomes. RESULTS Totally, 55,839 patients underwent autologous breast reconstruction surgery (immediate: 40% vs. delayed: 60%) during this period. Overall, 6.0% of patients had chronic anemia at the time of surgery. Compared with patients without chronic anemia, patients with chronic anemia had a significantly higher complication rate (19.8% vs. 9.4%) and a longer mean length of hospital stay (5.4 vs. 3.7 days). Postoperative complications were significantly higher in patients with chronic anemia compared with patients without chronic anemia except for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and fat necrosis. Multivariate regression analyses demonstrated that chronic anemia was independently associated with an increased overall complication rate (adjusted odds ratio: 2.20). Also, multivariate regression analyses showed that chronic anemia was an independent risk factor of all the evaluated postoperative complications except VTE, stroke and fat necrosis. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that chronic anemia was a significant predictor factor of morbidity in autologous breast reconstruction including flap failure. Correction of anemia prior to breast reconstruction may help reduce poor surgical outcomes related to chronic anemia.
Susceptibility and resistance to plasmacytomagenesis: possible role of genes that modify efficiency of chromatin repair.

The responsiveness of inbred mice to microbial pathogens and tumor-inducing agents can vary with individual strains. Thus, the genotype of a given strain can determine whether the mouse will be susceptible or resistant to the development of a disease process.In many cases the phenotype is controlled by more than one gene. Identification of specific genes usually requires that two reference strains, a susceptible and resistant one, be used in the genetic analysis and the genes defined are referable to the two strains compared. The responses to pathogenic agents can be broken down into two general steps: the first (afferent pathway) governs how a specific strain of mice interacts with the pathogenic agent(chemical or microbial) and the second set of responses relates to the damage incurred and how the damaged cells cope with the agent or its effects (efferent pathway).
The Empowering Leadership Project.

The Empowering Leadership Project was developed by the authors to improve management students’ practice and understanding of empowering leadership, an emerging theory for leadership in the team con...
Epicureanism and the Wrongness of Killing

This paper argues that Epicureanism about death is consistent with grounding the wrongness of killing in the interests of the victim. Both defenders and critics of Epicureanism should agree that, if we knew Epicureanism to be false, then we would have a moral reason not to kill people. We would have this reason because we would know that killing people harms them. And even Epicureans should agree that, given their evidence, Epicureanism could be false. Given that it could be false, and given that we would harm people by killing them if it were, we in fact have a moral reason not to kill them—a reason which, as this paper will show, is both grounded in their interests and consistent with the failure of death to be in any way bad. The latter part of the paper discusses some advantages that this approach enjoys over two other attempts to reconcile Epicureanism with the wrongness of killing, by David Hershenov and Mikel Burley, respectively.
Proactive Rehabilitation for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy.

ABSTRACT Objective To review assessment and management approaches for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy-related physical function deficits. Data Sources Peer-reviewed articles from PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and key studies’ reference lists. Conclusion Brief clinical tests (eg, gait, Timed Up and Go) can screen for neuropathy-related physical function deficits. Exercise and physical therapy may be promising treatments, but the efficacy and optimal dose of such treatments for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy are unclear. Implications for Nursing Practice Screening and assessment of neuropathy-associated physical function deficits should occur throughout neurotoxic chemotherapy treatment. If such deficits are identified, referral for rehabilitation (ie, physical or occupational therapy) and/or exercise interventions is warranted.
Online Economic Dispatch with Volatile Renewable Generation and Ramping Costs

As society demands that renewable energy be increasingly adopted into the mix of electricity generating resources, more efficient methods to dispatch controllable generators to power unmet demand become necessary. This is due to both the volatile nature of wind and solar resources and the difficulty to forecast their future generation outputs. Because of the heterogeneity in operational costs and ramping costs incurred by controllable generators to change their generation levels, the act of deciding how to meet the current unmet demand becomes nontrivial. To address this issue as cost-effectively as possible, we design an online algorithm that makes this decision using noisy forecasts of the future net demand and takes into account subsequent decisions. We prove its dynamic regret performance guarantee which upper bounds how much additional cost can possibly be incurred compared to the unrealistic, clairvoyant offline optimal solution. This dynamic regret bound is lower than that of Receding Horizon Control, a standard Model Predictive Control algorithm. The novel algorithm was tested using real-world traces from CAISO under the current renewable generation mix and future higher renewable generation levels. Our results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the widely used Receding Horizon Control in average cost and tail cost for both current and high levels of renewable penetration.
Identification of a novel human CD8 surface region involved in MHC class I binding

Human CD8 (hCD8) is a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of T cells that has specificity for antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins. hCD8 functions as a co-receptor with the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) by binding to the MHC class I molecule on the antigen-presenting cell, thereby increasing the avidity of the TCR for its ligand. In this study, we have utilized an approach combining molecular modeling, synthetic peptide mapping, and hCD8-MHC class I binding assay to probe precise surface regions of hCD8 involved in MHC class I binding. These experiments have led to the identification of the DE loop of hCD8 protein that is implicated in the hCD8 interaction with MHC class I molecules. Synthetic conformationally restricted peptide analogs derived from the hCD8 DE loop have been shown to specifically inhibit hCD8-MHC class I binding. To further define the functional role of each residue of the DE loop, DE loop peptide analogs containing a series of alanine substitutions were synthesized and tested. These studies provide information about the structure-function relationship between the surface structural feature of the CD8 DE loop and CD8 mediated immunological function.
Early enforcement of cell identity by a functional component of the terminally differentiated state

How progenitor cells can attain a distinct differentiated cell identity is a challenging problem given that critical transcription factors are often not unique to a differentiation process and the fluctuating signaling environment in which cells exist. Here we test the hypothesis that a unique differentiated cell identity can result from a core component of the differentiated state doubling up as a signaling protein that also drives differentiation. Using live single-cell imaging in the adipocyte differentiation system, we show that progenitor fat cells (preadipocytes) can only commit to terminally differentiate after upregulating FABP4, a lipid buffer that is highly enriched in mature adipocytes. Upon induction of adipogenesis, we show that after a long delay, cells first abruptly start to engage a positive feedback between CEBPA and PPARG before then engaging, after a second delay, a positive feedback between FABP4 and PPARG. These sequential positive feedbacks both need to engage in order to drive PPARG levels past the threshold for irreversible differentiation. In the last step before commitment, PPARG transcriptionally increases FABP4 expression while fatty-acid loaded FABP4 binds to and increases PPARG activity. Together, our study suggests a control principle for robust cell identity whereby a core component of the differentiated state also promotes differentiation from its own progenitor state.
Inferring and securing software configurations using automated reasoning

Software configurability opens the door to misconfiguration vulnerabilities, invalid settings that expose software weaknesses. Misconfiguration is one the top ten most critical security risks and the most common. This paper envisions a world without misconfiguration vulnerabilities through the use of automated reasoning techniques to infer and secure software configurations. Real-world software, however, often lacks an explicit specification of secure configurations, relying on hand-validation by users. Real-world systems comprise many individual highly-configurable software components, making the space of possible configurations for the whole system enormous. To realize our vision and overcome these challenges, we aim to create a rigorous definition of configuration specifications, use formal methods to mechanize the inference and generation of valid configurations, and develop algorithms to automatically secure against misconfiguration.
Leveling or reanalysis? An explanation of Middle High German paradigm merger

Strong verbs in Middle High German (MHG) have two past indicative stems in the verb inflectional paradigm, which merged into one in Modern High German (NHG). This change is mostly assumed as paradigmatic leveling in previous studies. However, the NHG past indicative stems are inherited from different cells in the MHG paradigm across different inflectional classes, or even innovatively created by combining different parts of the MHG past indicative stems. This paper attempts to identify the base of leveling using a computational model called Minimal Generalization Learner , proposed in Albright (2002b). The results can account for the extraordinary patterns of merger found in German to some extent, but they are not perfect and even pose new problems. As a counter-proposal, I argue that the merger that appears to be paradigmatic leveling might be triggered by reanalysis of phonological features as morphological exponents.
Exploring Heritage Archaeology at Indiana University: Reporting on a Collaboration between Wylie House Museum and the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology

This article is an overview of a collaborative Indiana University (IU) Bicentennial Project designed to explore and raise awareness of the cultural heritage on IU’s historic Bloomington campus, protect the university’s archaeological resources, contribute to its teaching and research mission, and enhance documentation and interpretation of its historic house museum. The primary project partners were IU’s Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology and the Wylie House Museum, a unit of IU Libraries. Using state-of-the art remote sensing methods and traditional archaeological excavations, the project sought to locate the buried subterranean greenhouses at the home of first university president, Andrew Wylie. Historical research focused on the position of the Wylies and IU in the development of the city of Bloomington, particularly on the transition from subsistence farming in the mid-19th century to the development of leisurely gardening and floriculture later in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Through campus archaeological field school opportunities, internships, talks, exhibits, presentations on campus, and outreach opportunities throughout the university and Bloomington communities, the project contributed to the IU curriculum and promoted a better understanding of IU’s cultural heritage. Importantly, this campus archaeology project provided a unique opportunity to pursue place-based education and experiential learning that connected students, university, and community stakeholders to their local heritage.
Casein kinase II activates Bik to induce death of hyperplastic mucous cells in a cell cycle-dependent manner.

Extensive inflammation causes epithelial cell hyperplasia in the airways and Bcl-2-interacting killer (Bik) reduces epithelial cell and mucous cell hyperplasia without affecting resting cells to restore homeostasis. These observations suggest that Bik induces apoptosis in a cell cycle-specific manner, but the mechanisms are not understood. Mice were exposed to an allergen for 3, 14, or 30 days and Bik expression was induced in airway epithelia of transgenic mice. Bik reduced epithelial and mucous cell hyperplasia when mice were exposed to an allergen for 3 or 14 days, but not when exposure lasted for 30 days, and Ki67-positivity was reduced. In culture, Bik expression killed proliferating cells but not quiescent cells. To capture the stage of the cell cycle when Bik induces cell death, airway cells that express fluorescent ubiquitin cell cycle indicators were generated that fluoresce red or green during the G0/G1 and S/G2/M phases of the cells cycle, respectively. Regardless of the cell cycle stage, Bik expression eliminated green-fluorescent cells. Also, Bik, when tagged with a blue-fluorescent protein, was only detected in green cells. Bik phosphorylation mutants at threonine 33 or serine 35 demonstrated that phosphorylation activated Bik to induce death even in quiescent cells. Immunoprecipitation and proteomic approaches identified casein kinase IIα to be responsible for phosphorylating and activating Bik to kill cells in S/G2/M. As casein kinase 2 alpha (CKIIα) is expressed only during the G2/M phase, we conclude that Bik activation in airway epithelial cells selectively targets hyperplastic epithelial cells, while leaving resting airway cells unaffected.
Acquisition of the English Article System by Speakers of Polish in ESL and EFL Settings

This paper examines the second language (L2) developmental sequence of article acquisition by adult language learners in two different environments: English as a Second Language (ESL), and English as a Foreign Language (EFL). On the basis of an existing classification of English articles (a, the, zero), data on article usage were obtained from adult learners who were native speakers of Polish, a language that has no articles or article-like morphemes. Data analyses led to some limited conclusions about the order of acquisition of the English article system, and may contribute to a more detailed understanding of the nature of interlanguage representations.
Non-negatively constrained least squares and parameter choice by the residual periodogram for the inversion of dielectric relaxation spectra: Supplementary Materials

This document contains supplementary derivations and discussions not provided in the submitted paper arXiv:1309.4498 with the same title. Additional results for the NCP and L-Curve comparisons with higher noise levels are given.
Accidental Convergence: Corporate Reorganization in Two Federal Systems

The 2005 changes to the U.S. Bankruptcy Code represent the first significant step away from a long-term inclination toward corporate rescue. In doing so, Congress, however unwittingly, partially reunited American corporate bankruptcy practice with its long forgotten, much smaller twin, Switzerland. Why would Congress want to move the American system in this direction? To address this key question, I offer a comparison of corporate reorganization systems in these two leading commercial, federal systems. In particular, I examine the Swiss system for rescuing failed companies and compare it with the post-BACPA version of chapter 11. While the American system clearly remains more “debtor friendly,” the space between the two systems has significantly narrowed. More generally, through this short paper I demonstrate how Congress’ ill-conceived amendments to chapter 11 may have damaged a corporate reorganization system that is increasingly the subject of imitation worldwide.
GaN to AlN: materials for deep-UV emitters

Optical sources emitting between 280 to 340nm will enable the development of compact chemical and biological sensors. Emitters for these emission wavelengths require AlGaN alloys with Al compositions ranging from around 10% to more than 50%. The growth of high Al containing alloys can be difficult due to parasitic reactions that result in poor Al incorporation efficiency and nonlinear growth rates.
On the slippery slope: Conformance vs defection in a multi-party prisoners' dilemma

Abstract A slippery-slope slide occurs when minor deviations from an unstable superior solution of total conformance result in an inferior solution of massive defection. Using a multi-party prisoners' dilemma (PD) game in binary choices, this paper examines some possibilities between total conformance and total defection. Specifically, it shows how minor deviations from total conformance can be contained and how total defection can be reversed. The containment of deviations is, however, greatly complicated by technological changes which may precipitate a free slide by reducing the transaction costs of defection, or which may transform a slippery slope into an invisible hand.
Populäre Texte, Sprache und Alltagskultur

Manche Texte werden von den „Leuten“ (the people)** dazu auserwahlt, ein Teil der Popularkultur zu werden, wahrend andere abgewiesen werden. In diesem Artikel mochte ich eine Anzahl von Merkmalen der Texte skizzieren, die popular geworden sind. Daneben werde ich einige der Hauptkriterien untersuchen, die den Auswahlprozess bestimmen, durch die ein Text zu einem Teil der Popularkultur wird.
On the Education of Black Children in Mathematics.

A negative relationship apparently exists between Black children and the mathematics education process. Because Black students rarely participate in higher mathematics learning, an examination of the ways in which the cognitive and affective styles of Blacks are related to the type of mathematics instruction provided in elementary and secondary schools is clearly necessary. This article will analyze the education of Black children in mathematics, and related considerations that focus on the performance of Blacks in the mathematics classroom. One of the most segregated places in American society is the mathematics classroom. Remedial math classrooms contain disproportionate numbers of Black students, while algebra, geometry, and advanced math classes mainly serve White students (Johnson, 1984; Jones et al., 1984; Matthews et al., 1984; NAEP, 1979; Peng et al., 1981; Stiff, 1985). Blacks have less access to advanced study in mathematics than before the mid-1960s. Most Black students cannot take advantage of career opportunities in science and the technologies because they lack knowledge and skills in higher
Turbulent Flow Split Model and Supporting Experiments for Wire-Wrapped Core Assemblies

A flow split model for the turbulent flow in a wire-wrapped nuclear fuel rod assembly is developed taking the form drag and sweeping flow between subchannels into consideration. This model is applicable to the flow distribution between two types of subchannels, i.e., interior and edge subchannels. 16 refs.
Isolation of Nascent Transcripts with Click Chemistry

Steady-state levels of cellular RNA are determined by both transcriptional rate and RNA half-life. Commonly used methods for transcriptional analysis are only capable of profiling total RNA and do not distinguish changes in synthesis and decay rates. Hence, a better understanding of the temporal dynamics of cellular response for a given condition at the transcriptional level requires techniques for the analysis of nascent transcripts. Here we describe a protocol that allows isolation of nascent transcripts with a copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) also known as a click chemistry reaction.