cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simple method for determining fullerene negative ion formation

A robust potential wherein is embedded the crucial core-polarization interaction is used in the Regge-pole methodology to calculate low-energy electron elastic scattering total cross section for the C60 fullerene in the electron impact energy range 0.02 ≤ E ≤ 10.0 eV. The energy position of the characteristic dramatically sharp resonance appearing at the second Ramsauer–Townsend minimum of the total cross section representing stable C60− fullerene negative ion formation agrees excellently with the measured electron affinity of C60 [Huang et al., J. Chem. Phys. 140, 224315 (2014)]. The benchmarked potential and the Regge-pole methodology are then used to calculate electron elastic scattering total cross sections for selected fullerenes, from C54 through C240. The total cross sections are found to be characterized generally by Ramsauer–Townsend minima, shape resonances and dramatically sharp resonances representing long-lived states of fullerene negative ion formation. For the total cross sections of C70, C76, C78, and C84 the agreement between the energy positions of the very sharp resonances and the measured electron affinities is outstanding. Additionally, we compare our extracted energy positions of the resultant fullerene anions from our calculated total cross sections of the C86, C90 and C92 fullerenes with the estimated electron affinities ≥3.0 eV by the experiment [Boltalina et al., Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 7, 1009 (1993)]. Resonance energy positions of other fullerenes, including C180 and C240 are also obtained. Most of the total cross sections presented in this paper are the first and only; our novel approach is general and should be applicable to other fullerenes as well and complex heavy atoms, such as the lanthanide atoms. We conclude with a remark on the catalytic properties of the fullerenes through their negative ions.
Self-Assembled Protein Nanofilter for Trapping Polysulfides and Promoting Li+ Transport in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

The diffusion of polysulfides in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries represents a critical issue deteriorating the electrochemical performance. Here, borrowing the concepts from air filtration, we design and fabricate a protein-based nanofilter for effectively trapping polysulfides but facilitating Li+ transport. The unique porous structures are formed through a protein-directed self-assembly process, and the surfaces are functionalized by the protein residues. The experiments and molecular simulation results demonstrate that our polysulfide nanofilter can effectively trap the dissolved polysulfides and promote Li+ transport in Li–S batteries. When the polysulfide nanofilter is added in a Li–S battery, the electrochemical performance of the battery is significantly improved. Moreover, the contribution of the protein nanofilter to the ion transport is further analyzed by correlating filter properties and battery performance. This study is of universal significance for the understanding, design, and fabrication...
Paraquat is a Model Environmental Neurotoxin for Studying Parkinson’s Disease

Paraquat (PQ) through electron transfer reactions with NADH-dependent oxidoreductase of mitochondria and NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase of microsomal system, generates superoxide, which in the presence of ferrous ion, in turn yields highly reactive free radicals by the Haber-Weiss reaction, thus damages to mitochondrial and other subcellular membranes. Studies from several laboratories have demonstrated that paraquat is able to cross the blood-brain-barrier after systemic injection in rats, implicating PQ as a dopaminergic neurotoxicant in producing syndrome of Parkinsonism and loss of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. We have recently reported that paraquat caused lipid peroxidation in a concentration dependent manner, leading to cell death. In the presence of low concentration of chelated iron (Fe2+/DETAPAC), we have demonstrated that paraquat induced the activation of transcription factor, AP-1 and apoptotic cell death in PC12 cells. Cells were also protected from paraquat toxicity in the presence of antioxidant enzymes. The results support the hypothesis that oxidative stress may be the contributing factor to the apoptotic cell death of dopaminergic neurons, leading to the manifestation of Parkinson’s disease.
Fat Content and Cis- and Trans-Isomeric Fatty Acids in Mature Human Fore- and Hindmilk

Proper sampling is an essential prerequisite to obtain reliable data on composition of human milk. Already some 80 years ago it was known that lipid content and composition of breast milk varies within one feeding and during the course of the day (1), which has been confirmed in a number of later studies (2–7). Therefore as an ideal method for sample collection, complete pumping of the milk at the usual times of nursing over a period of 24 hours has been suggested (5, 8). This method is not only inconvenient, but it also implicates that the infant has to be bottle fed with a formula or previously pumped milk during the collection period, a procedure not acceptable to most breast feeding mothers.
Animal Models: Behavior and Pathology: Preclinical Assessment of the Putative Cognitive Deficits in HAND

Despite the reduced prevalence of HIV-1-associated dementia in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (CART), nearly half of all HIV-1-positive individuals on CART are afflicted with mild to severe HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). A greater understanding of the progression of HAND and the development of potential therapeutics require preclinical studies that utilize an integrative profile of cognitive function, from which valid inferences can be drawn about underlying processes. We propose a set of preclinical behavioral tasks that tap various components of executive function, the cognitive domain which shows the greatest decline in the progression of HAND. Fronto-striatal circuitry and dopaminergic systems are integral to executive function and are also particularly vulnerable to injury by HIV-1 infection. The tasks described in this chapter provide measures that are both sensitive to alterations in the function of these systems and relevant to typical cognitive deficits observed in HAND. Further, each of the tasks presently described has a very clear human analogue. Prepulse inhibition of the auditory startle response is a measure of preattentive processing and sensory gating. The multi-choice serial reaction time task assesses different types of attentional processes, including sustained attention, selective attention, and set-shifting. The Morris water maze provides a profile of reference and working memory. Within each behavioral measure, there are a number of variables, which can be manipulated to provide information on several components of executive function, affording the opportunity to model the specific cognitive deficits of HAND.
Carcinoid tumors of the appendix: Report of thirty-five cases

Summary Thirty-five carcinoid tumors of the appendix seen in a period of twenty-eight years have been reviewed. There are no pathognomonic signs or symptoms leading to the diagnosis of carcinoid tumors of the appendix. The appendix is most frequently removed during abdominal section for some other disease and the argentaffin tumor is recognized. Gynecologic procedures and biliary tract operations yielded most of the appendiceal carcinoids reported herein. Acute appendicitis was the clinical indication for operation in nine patients (24 per cent) in whom the carcinoid tumor was also discovered. Appendectomy alone would have been curative in thirty-three of thirty-four surgically treated patients. One tumor was discovered incidentally at postmortem examination. Two patients had right colectomy after the pathologist reported that tumor cells were seen proximal to the line of amputation. It was significant that after colectomy no recurrence of tumor was seen in the ascending colon or its mesentery. Another patient was reported to have tumor proximal to the line of section but did not undergo further resection; she has been followed up for seventeen years without evidence of recurrent tumor. The only patient in this study with metastatic carcinoid tumor, presumably of appendiceal origin, was transferred to our facility after having had appendectomy and omental biopsy elsewhere. The pathologist reported that the tumor was a malignant carcinoid tumor. The possibility that this tumor was of multicentric origin had never been positively ruled out. In our experience, carcinoid tumors of the appendix are characteristically benign. A careful study of confirmed malignant tumors will often reveal a multicentric origin. An orderly plan of management of appendiceal carcinoids is presented. Further study of malignant appendiceal carcinoids and careful documentation of their pathologic behavior are necessary. Long-term postoperative follow-up study is mandatory if worthwhile conclusions regarding their malignant potential are to be reached.
Tobacco and Alcohol Use Behaviors

Substance use disorders (abuse and dependence as defined by the DSM-IV) are common; considering all drug categories nicotine dependence and alcohol dependence are generally the most prevalent. These disorders often cluster within individuals and within families, are the source of familial problems and serious morbidity and mortality, and exact great costs from society. Although evidence-based treatments of substance use disorders exist, the often chronic relapsing–remitting nature of these problems underscores the importance of research that seeks to better understand the biological (as well as social) contributions to risk for these disorders. Genetic studies offer one such approach and this chapter reviews much of that body of work.
Looks like a Stroke, Acts like a Stroke, but It's More Than a Stroke: A Case of Cerebral Mucormycosis in a Patient with CLL (P06.182)

OBJECTIVE: To illustrate a case of cerebral mucormycosis presenting as expressive aphasia in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Serial imaging over 48 hours shows rapid expansion of a left temporal lobe lesion ultimately identified as mucormycosis at autopsy. BACKGROUND: Cerebral mucormycosis can occur due to direct invasion from rhino-orbital structures or can be secondary to hematogenous spread. Risk factors for infection include diabetes, malignancy, renal disease, connective tissue disorder, liver cirrhosis or states of immunosuppression. DESIGN/METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 68 year old male with CLL was admitted to the medical ICU with a traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in the setting of thrombocytopenia. On hospital day 2 he became acutely aphasic and CT of the head was suggestive of ischemic stroke. Follow up MRI indicated that the lesion crossed into multiple vascular territories. Serial imaging revealed cerebral edema and impending herniation. MR spectroscopy was unable to delineate the pathology of the lesion. Surgical intervention was declined. At death, his brain was sent for autopsy. Gross inspection of the brain revealed grayish blue discoloration and histological evaluation revealed mucormycosis. There was associated thrombosis of many major cerebral blood vessels. The patient9s chest x-ray prior to death was suggestive of pneumonia. Full body autopsy was declined at the time of death. Hematogenous spread is known to occur in the setting of malignancy with neutropenia, as is suspected in this case. The fungus often exhibits angiocentric growth, and can cause thrombosis that ultimately leads to infarction. CONCLUSIONS: Cerebral mucormycosis is most often fatal and diagnosis is often difficult. This case represents a unique presentation mimicking the acute focal deficits of a stroke marked by rapid development of cerebral edema and death. Disclosure: Dr. Ermak has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kanekar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lowden has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wojnar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Specht has nothing to disclose.
Methods of Study (1963–1976)

There has been rather little attention given to sampling, although Rao and Sengupta (1970) reviewed at length the early work of Olson and Potter* (1954), using, however, the vector rather than the arithmetic mean. Rao and Sengupta also discuss sample size and costs. In practice, most field geologists have not given much attention to the details of sampling and probably considerably oversample most formations. Although not intended for the student of paleocurrents, Whitten’s (1966) discussion of sampling mechanically deformed sediments is useful, comparative reading. His Chapter 3, Sampling and Size in Data Collection, gives comparative insight into sampling of directional structures, and his Chapter 13, Sedimentary Characteristics Preserved in Folded and Metamorphosed Rocks, is especially relevant for the sedimentologist working in metamorphic terrains — an area of study that will probably expand in years to come and bring sedimentologists profitably into closer contact with metamorphic petrologists.
National Postoperative Bariatric Surgery Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Kidney Disease

Obesity is a major risk factor for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and is often a barrier to kidney transplantation. However, limited evidence exists evaluating postoperative bariatric surgery outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ESKD. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent bariatric surgery in 2015–2016 using the national Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program dataset. Propensity score matching was used to balance characteristics across patients with CKD and ESKD vs. those without CKD. There were 323,034 patients without CKD, 1694 patients with CKD, and 925 patients with ESKD who underwent bariatric surgery. Patients with CKD and ESKD had a significantly increased risk of 30-day reoperation (CKD odds ratio [OR] 2.25 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45–3.51; ESKD OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.72–5.61) and readmission (CKD OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.53–2.56; ESKD OR 2.97, 95% CI 2.05–4.31) compared to patients without CKD; mortality risk was elevated in patients with ESKD (OR 11.59, 95% CI 6.71–20.04) but not in those with CKD (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.32–3.11). Rates of adverse outcomes were < 15% across all groups. There were 12, 50, and 172 deaths per 1000 person-years among patients without CKD, with CKD, and with ESKD, respectively. Patients with CKD and ESKD experienced higher risk of postbariatric surgery complications compared to those without kidney disease, although absolute complication rates were low across all groups. CKD and ESKD should not be perceived as contraindications to bariatric surgery.
Cold plasma finite element wave model for helicon waves

Helicon waves have been recently proposed as an off-axis current drive actuator due to their expected high current drive efficiency in the mid-radius region in high beta tokamaks. This current drive efficiency has mostly been calculated ignoring the effects of the plasma in the scrape-off-layer (SOL) in the modeling. The net core current drive efficiency will decrease if helicon power is lost to the SOL. Previous efforts to estimate the loss of helicon power in the SOL have used the hot plasma code AORSA. The large computational cost of AORSA prevents large parametric scans, so to further the understanding of helicon power loss in the SOL, a reduced finite element, full wave plasma model with effective collision frequency for collisional and Landau damping has been developed to study the helicon wave power lost to the SOL. It will be shown that the reduced finite element model (FEM) can reproduce the magnitude and trends of helicon E field patterns and power loss in the SOL of the hot plasma AORSA model. The reduced FEM provides significant advantages over AORSA in reducing the computational time and memory requirements, and in simulating arbitrary tokamak vessel geometry. Parametric scans of antenna parallel refractive index, antenna location, minimum SOL density, SOL density gradient, and vacuum vessel geometry will be carried out to determine the dependencies of the helicon power lost to the SOL as a function of important parameters. The helicon cutoff density is shown to be an important quantity in determining helicon power lost to the SOL. Losses due to antenna loading and wave accessibility are also observed at different antenna and plasma parameters.
Thoracoscopy in combined treatment of thymoma (in Russian only)

The experience of video-assisted thoracoscopic interventions for thymus tumors in the Research Institute of Oncology of Tomsk National Research Medical Center is presented. We also evaluate the features of postoperative management of these patients.
Nine-membered Rings

This chapter covers structural and synthetic aspects of nine-membered heterocycles, the heteronines. Theoretical and computational methods are surveyed in conjunction with experimental spectroscopic data and aimed on conformational studies of strained nine-membered ring systems. Reactivity of the rings and substituents attached both to carbons and heteroatoms is reviewed. Methods of various heteronine ring synthesis from acyclic precursors include [1+8], [2+7], [3+6], and [4+5] bimolecular reactions and unimolecular cyclizations, involving ring-closure metathesis methods. Ring expansion into nine-membered rings of bicyclic ionic precursors, as well as reductive and oxidative ring-enlargement reactions, are surveyed. Natural products containing heteronine moieties and practically important representatives of this class of heterocycles are discussed.
A Real-Time EIRP Level 1 Calibration Algorithm for the CYGNSS Mission Using the Zenith Measurements

Level 1 calibration of the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) measurements requires an accurate estimate of the effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of the GPS transmitter in the direction of specular reflection. Variable transmit power by numerous Block IIF and IIR-M GPS space vehicles was observed due to their flex power mode. GPS antenna gain patterns feature azimuthal asymmetry, further complicating EIRP estimation. As a result, all Block IIF observations by CYGNSS are flagged and not used to measure ocean winds. A new (version 3.0) Level 1 calibration algorithm is developed which uses measurements by the direct (zenith) antenna to estimate the specular GPS EIRP used to calculate the bistatic radar cross section (BRCS) of the ocean surface. Direct signal measurements are used to estimate GPS transmitter EIRP in the direction of the CYGNSS spacecraft. By applying corrections to the direct signal EIRP, it is possible to estimate the GPS EIRP in the direction of the specular reflection point. This real-time EIRP calibration algorithm instantaneously detects and corrects power fluctuations in all GPS block transmitters and significantly reduces errors due to the GPS antenna gain azimuthal asymmetry. It also allows observations with Block IIF transmitters (approximately 37% of the entire dataset) to be included in the standard data products.
Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access Radar: Waveform Design and Analysis

This paper proposes Single Carrier-FDMA radar, which is not only a solution to the shortcomings of OFDM radars but also offers improved Ambiguity Function and autocorrelation properties. Unlike OFDM, the proposed SC-FDMA radar (with interleaved subcarrier mapping) does not suffer from high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) issue and hence does not affect the efficiency of the transmitter in OFDM signals. Levanon and Mozeson's power amplifier. SC-FDMA utilizes all the benefits of single-carrier modulation, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and frequency domain equalization. The wideband characteristics of SC-FDMA are beneficial in achieving high range resolution for radar applications. The paper presents a complete architecture of SC-FDMA radar with interleaved subcarrier mapping. The proposed radar system is analyzed for its ambiguity function, auto-correlation properties, and PAPR. The performance of the proposed radar waveform is compared with those of the notable existing radar waveforms including a standard OFDM radar, CAN, Hadamard, and PWCIA. It is observed from the comparative analysis, that the proposed scheme outperforms OFDM and the other notable waveforms. The proposed work can be extended to develop multiple tasking radars as the different source signals can correspond to independent tasks to be performed simultaneously.
Genetics of Bonobos in the Lake Tumba Landscape

Documenting an important population of bonobos west of Lake Maindombe had critical implications for elucidating the biogeographical history of great apes, and for the conservation of bonobos. The chapter assesses the genetic diversity of the isolated western population of bonobos, and identified patterns of gene flow that have occurred between the bonobo population in the Lake Tumba landscape and previously known populations. The haplotype diversity (Hp = 6) of the bonobos in the Lake Tumba Landscape was lower than Hp = 16 found in bonobos in the central population but was similar to those found in eastern, southern, and northern populations. This difference seems to reflect real changes between different bonobo populations because it is supported by the significant differentiation (p < 0.01) of haplotypes across the entire range. The combination of these two factors suggests that the genetic variation seen within different populations also varies across the extent of occupancy of species. Biogeographical contextualization of this finding led to infer that the more generic Pan (comprising chimpanzees and bonobos) would have emerged from the center of the lowland forests and dispersed outwards, in support of the Wrangham’s hypothesis that great apes were living in the rainforest in Central Africa before they moved toward forest-savanna edges where they would evolve to other forms (2009).
Gender and the Law

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by K. Plett, volume 9, pp. 5980–5984, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
Neoconservatives and Neo-Confucians: East Asian Growth and the Celebration of Tradition

This article explores the influence of East Asia's economic growth on the evolution of American neoconservative thought in the 1970s and 1980s. It traces how prominent neoconservative thinkers—Nathan Glazer, Peter L. Berger, Herman Kahn, Michael Novak, and Lawrence E. Harrison—developed the claim that the region's prosperity stemmed from its alleged Confucian tradition. Drawing in part from East Asian leaders and scholars, they argued that the region's growth demonstrated that tradition had facilitated, rather than hampered, the development of a distinct East Asian capitalist modernity. The article argues that this Confucian thesis helped American neoconservatives articulate their conviction that “natural” social hierarchies, religious commitment, and traditional families were necessary for healthy and free capitalist societies. It then charts how neoconservatives mobilized this interpretation of Confucian East Asia against postcolonial critiques of capitalism, especially dependency theory. East Asia, they claimed, demonstrated that poverty and wealth were determined not by patterns of welfare, structural exploitation, or foreign assistance, but values and culture. The concept of Confucian capitalism, the article shows, was central to neoconservatives’ broad ideological agenda of protecting political, economic, and racial inequality under the guise of values, culture, and tradition.
Thermal degradation of azobenzene dyes

Abstract Ten azobenzene dyes were tested for their thermal degradation products from ambient temperature to 800 °C using a thermogravimetric technique. Degradation products were analyzed at each 100 °C increment using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Products were identified based on their mass spectral data and their retention times. Thermal degradation from all dyes resulted in loss of the azo group as nitrogen gas and aromatic free radicals. Electron withdrawing groups enhance the dissociation of the phenyl nitrogen bond at the benzene moiety carrying the electron withdrawing group. On the other hand, electron donating groups inhibited the dissociation of the phenyl-N bond of the benzene moiety carrying the electron donating groups. The loss of nitrogen molecule from the dyes appeared to be taken place in a two-step rather than a one-step reaction in which the phenyl nitrogen bond of the phenyl group carrying the electron withdrawing group splits to form phenyl and azo phenyl radicals following by the loss of a nitrogen molecule and a new phenyl radical. This was also supported by calculating degradation reaction enthalpies and bond dissociation energies using density functional theory quantum mechanics.
Coming of Age in Medieval Egypt: Female Adolescence, Jewish Law, and Ordinary Culture: Eve Krakowski, 2018, Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, x + 350 pp., ills., tables, US$ 39.95/£34.00 (hardback), ISBN 9780691174983

Thirty thousand everyday documents from the 6th/12th century discovered in what amounts to a dustbin as opposed to an archive were preserved only because the name of the Almighty might be inscribed...
ZTE's Perspective on Applying OFDM-PON in Next Converged Optical and Wireless Networks

Driven by ZTE and other telecom vendors and operators in order to meet the ever increasing bandwidth demand from fixed optical network users and mobile backhaul/fronthaul services, the latest next generation passive optical network(NGPON2) is being standardized by Full Service Access Network(FSAN) and International Telecommunication Union(ITU-T) which consists of two separated sub-systems, hybrid time- and wavelength-division multiplexing PON(TWDM-PON) and point-to-point wavelength- division multiplex(Pt P WDM). The TWDM-PON will be used for traditional residential, business and wireless backhaul services which are not sensitive to time delay and delay variation, whereas the Pt P WDM is mainly used for emerging wireless fronthaul service which is very sensitive to the time delay and time delay variation. However, as a main international standards' contributor, ZTE thinks for those operators who offer multiple-level of services to both residential, business and mobile backhaul/fronthaul users, this obviously raises significant economic and power concerns by demanding to deploy two separated systems. Therefore, in this paper, for the fi rst time, ZTE proposes a new converged optical and wireless integrated network architecture and topology by applying orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
Geographic Patterns of the Pandemic in the United States: Covid-19 Response Within a Disunified Federal System

COVID-19 arrived in the United States of America (US) early from multiple sources. Although federal border restrictions were implemented, the magnitude of international travel into the country rendered it impossible to stop the arrival of the virus at multiple locations. Community spread began quickly, and the high personal mobility of US via air travel and personal vehicles allowed for rapid dispersal across the 48 conterminous States. The subsequent per capita infections and mortality has varied markedly for individual states The former President Trump of the United States abrogated much of the pandemic public health responsibilities to the states and provided mixed-messaging on the pandemic. This contributed to a disunified and politicized response, with individual states having differing policies. Public opinion and behaviour also became divided. A unified, federally led, science-based response may have reduced COVID-19 cases and deaths. However, it can be argued that the federal system and its division of powers, disunified in this case, allowed a number of states to pursue public health measures that attenuated the severity of the pandemic in their jurisdictions without the executive branch of the federal government being able to limit measures.
Clinical and Demographic Factors Associated With Diabetic Retinopathy Among Young Patients With Diabetes.

Importance Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss worldwide. As the incidence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes among youths continues to increase around the world, understanding the factors associated with the development of DR in this age group is important. Objective To identify factors associated with DR among children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in the US. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study pooled data from 2 large academic pediatric centers in the US (Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children’s Hospital [BCM/TCH] Diabetes and Endocrine Care Center and Johns Hopkins University [JHU] Pediatric Diabetes Center) to form a diverse population for analysis. Data were collected prospectively at the JHU center (via point-of-care screening using fundus photography) from December 3, 2018, to November 1, 2019, and retrospectively at the BCM/TCH center (via electronic health records of patients who received point-of-care screening using retinal cameras between June 1, 2016, and May 31, 2019). A total of 1640 individuals aged 5 to 21 years with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (308 participants from the JHU center and 1332 participants from the BCM/TCH center) completed DR screening and had gradable images. Main Outcome and Measures Prevalence of DR, as identified on fundus photography, and factors associated with DR. Results Among 1640 participants (mean [SD] age, 15.7 [3.6] years; 867 female individuals [52.9%]), 1216 (74.1%) had type 1 diabetes, and 416 (25.4%) had type 2 diabetes. A total of 506 participants (30.9%) were Hispanic, 384 (23.4%) were non-Hispanic Black or African American, 647 (39.5%) were non-Hispanic White, and 103 (6.3%) were of other races or ethnicities (1 was American Indian or Alaska Native, 50 were Asian, 1 was Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and 51 did not specify race or ethnicity, specified other race or ethnicity, or had unavailable data on race or ethnicity). Overall, 558 of 1216 patients (45.9%) with type 1 diabetes used an insulin pump, and 5 of 416 patients (1.2%) with type 2 diabetes used an insulin pump. Diabetic retinopathy was found in 57 of 1640 patients (3.5%). Patients with DR vs without DR had a greater duration of diabetes (mean [SD], 9.4 [4.4] years vs 6.6 [4.4] years;P Conclusions and Relevance This study found that although the duration of diabetes and suboptimal glycemic control have long been associated with DR, insulin pump use (among those with type 1 diabetes) was independently associated with a lower likelihood of DR, which is likely owing to decreased glycemic variability and increased time in range (ie, the percentage of time blood glucose levels remain within the 70-180 mg/dL range). Black or African American race was found to be associated with DR in the univariable analysis but not in the multivariable analysis, which may represent disparities in access to diabetes technologies and care.
Abstract PO-019: Reprogramming of naïve B cells in pancreatic cancer subverts humoral immunity

B cells frequently infiltrate human tumors, and the intra-tumoral abundance of plasma cells can correlate with improved patient prognosis. However, many tumors are devoid of plasma B cells, and strategies to enhance anti-tumor B cell responses are needed. We report the existence of a negative regulatory signaling network that reprograms naive B cells in pancreatic cancer to antagonize anti-tumor plasma B cells. This network is driven by IL-35-mediated STAT3 activation, which directly stimulates upregulation of the pioneer transcription factors Pax5 and Bcl6 in naive B cells and impedes plasma cell differentiation while simultaneously activating regulatory B cell phenotypes. Significantly, inhibition of Bcl6 reversed this tumor-associated reprogramming of naive B cells, enabling intra-tumoral accumulation of plasma cells, and reduced tumor growth. Our data provide evidence that B cell dysfunction in cancer involves a potentially targetable suppression program that alters the differentiation potential of naive B cells. Citation Format: Bhalchandra Mirlekar, Yuliya Pylayeva-Gupta. Reprogramming of naive B cells in pancreatic cancer subverts humoral immunity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2021 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-019.
THE HUMAN GENETIC RISK OF AIRBORNE GENOTOXICS: AN APPROACH BASED ON ELECTROPHORETIC TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO MICE

Among the most serious long-term adverse health effects potentially resulting from human exposure to airborne genotoxic agents is heritable damage. Environmentally-caused mutations transmitted through the gametes might not only persist for multiple human generations but, depending on the circumstances and the nature of the genetic alteration, may accumulate over time to be expressed as a gradual degradation in quality of life.
Bleeding Complications Associated With Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Bleeding after CPB has been difficult to characterize and its treatment equally difficult to standardize. The complexity of this problem is related to the hemostatic process, the technical variations in the operative procedures, and the many uncontrolled variables associated with CPB, including the effects of anesthetic or pharmacologic agents, the nature of the priming solution, hemodilution, hypothermia, the type of oxygenator, and the use of transfused blood products. Although there are multiple and generally predictable complex changes in the hemostatic mechanism during CPB, the temporary loss of platelet function is the most common and clinically relevant. This transient platelet dysfunction occurs in all patients undergoing CPB; however, it only causes excessive bleeding in a small percentage of patients. Unfortunately, it has not yet been possible to predict which patients will develop hemorrhagic complications, although prolonged pump times are a contributing risk factor. Over the past decade there has been extensive investigation into the management of bleeding associated with CPB, provoked primarily by the increased awareness of transfusion-transmitted viral diseases and the inappropriately excessive use of homologous blood products. Several approaches to autotransfusion of shed blood and autologus blood donation have been developed to minimize perioperative homologous blood transfusion. Pharmacologic agents such as desmopressin, aprotinin, and topical fibrin glues have also been introduced to improve hemostasis during CPB. The protease inhibitor aprotinin is particularly promising in the reduction of bleeding associated with CPB when given prophylactically. Aprotinin may provide new insights into the mechanism of CPB-induced platelet dysfunction. Desmopressin is indicated only for the treatment of bleeding after CPB. The management of bleeding associated with CPB will undoubtedly
Protein-polymer grafts. III

Arginines found on protein backbone can be modified easily, using 10 molar excess of 4-hydroxybenzil in 70% ethanolic alkali solution (0.25M), at room temperature. 96% of the arginines are modified this way, as measured by Sakaguchi reaction. The phenolic hydroxide was available for an enzyme, tyrosinase, to be oxidized.
High-Performance Tracking System

In this paper, we describe how reliable SSD feature selection, feature tracking and feature monitoring can be realized and interleaved into a high-performance system with no special-purpose hardware. We consider image brightness and contrast changes in the tracking system which haven't been treated before. We find the decoupled system outperforms the usual coupled system. We perform this calculation at multiple levels of resolution, leading to an adaptive algorithm for tracking both slow and fast motions. A new interpretation of feature selection is based on the trade off between noise resistance and linearization error. The overcorrectness problem in feature monitoring is addressed.
Parallel Processing: From Low- to High-Level Vision

While parallel processors have been constructed to support image processing, these systems are not suitable for kinds of image analysis where pictorial information is encoded in non-raster format, e.g., as object-boundary chains, topological graph structures, or tree data structures. Studies of more general image-analysis systems can be based on a trichotomy of image analysis operations (low-level, intermediate-level, and high-level), in which the operations are characterized by the data structures they manipulate. Two computer systems are discussed each of which offers a means for handling all three categories of operations. The first system, the “PIPE” is a commercially available image processor. The second is one proposed by the author. The possible impact of systems such as these on data analysis in astronomy is discussed.
Water–energy–food (WEF) Nexus Tool 2.0: guiding integrative resource planning and decision-making

The paper introduces a framework and set of methodologies that define the linkages between the interconnected resources of water, energy and food, and enable explicit corresponding quantifications. The paper presents a new water–energy–food (WEF) Nexus modelling tool (WEF Nexus Tool 2.0) based on that framework which offers a common platform for scientists and policy-makers to evaluate scenarios and identify sustainable national resource allocation strategies. The tool is applied to a case study focusing on Qatar, a hyper-arid Gulf country.
Application of Modified Geometry of Face-Gear Drive with Double Crowned Helical Pinion

In order to reduce the sensitivity of helical face-gear drive to misalignments, an new approach to applying double crowned helical pinion of a face gear drive has been investigated. The double crowned helical pinion is determined by a parabolic rack-cutter and a plunging grinding disk. The computer simulation results show that the bearing contact are not sensitive to the errors of misalignment. The study concludes that a more favorable type parabolic functional geometric transmission errors have been obtained in the new type gear drive geometry design.
Evaluation of DNA probes for detection of Shiga-like-toxin-producing Escherichia coli in food and calf fecal samples.

Abstract The use of DNA probes for Shiga-like toxin I (SLT-I) and SLT-II for detection of SLT-producing Escherichia coli (SLTEC) in foods and calf fecal samples was evaluated. Enrichment cultures were prepared from food or fecal samples. Colonies formed by plating of enrichment cultures were probed for SLTEC by colony hybridization. Alternatively, enrichment cultures were analyzed for SLTEC presence by dot blot. The lowest detected concentration of SLTEC in sample homogenates inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 corresponded to 1.3 CFU/g of sample. Of the 44 food samples and 28 fecal samples from dairy calves tested by the colony hybridization method, 4 food samples, including ground beef, raw goat milk, blueberries, and surimi-based delicatessen salad, and 9 calf fecal samples were positive with the SLT probes. The dot blot technique yielded results within 48 h and can be used as a fast and sensitive method of detection for SLTEC in foods and calf fecal samples. The colony hybridization technique took 3 to 4 days but permits recovery of the positive colonies when desired.
Update operation and partition dependency in distributed database systems

Partition dependency is a data allocation constraint in distributed database systems. It has been shown that this constraint can be used to speed up query processing. However, some update operations may cause violations of the existing partition dependencies in a distributed database system. In order to preserve database integrity and accuracy of query results, such violations must be detected and avoided. We present some strategies for processing update operations in distributed database systems such that there is no violation of partition dependency.
Abstract 2410: Reduced expression of DDB2 promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition in colon cancer

Invasion and metastasis are the hallmarks of malignant tumor progression and the principal cause of death related to solid tumors. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is intricately associated with cancer progression, as it confers cancer cells the ability to invade and metastasize to a distant organ. Here we identify a novel function of nucleotide excision repair protein DDB2 as an important antagonist of the EMT in colon carcinoma through its maintenance of epithelial phenotype. In human colon carcinoma samples, loss of DDB2 expression is highly correlated with the aggressiveness of the disease. Moreover, stimuli (TGF-beta and hypoxia) that induce EMT inhibit expression of DDB2; and loss of DDB2 is sufficient to promote EMT of colon cancer cells. The mechanism involves DDB2 mediated transcriptional repression of VEGF and MMP3. DDB2 represses these genes by histone deacetylation. We also observed that loss of DDB2 results in resistance to anoikis, an important barrier to metastasis. The lack of anoikis response is associated with increased Akt and ERK activity. Furthermore, treatment with Phenethyl Isothiocyanate (PEITC), a promising cancer chemopreventive component, augmented E-cadherin expression that is related to an increase in DDB2 expression. The present study suggests that anti-metastatic effect of PEITC involves important role of DDB2. Together, our results show that loss of DDB2 expression is both necessary and sufficient for EMT during colon carcinoma progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2410. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2410
Batch Fabrication of Atomic Force Microscopy Probes with Recessed Integrated Ring Microelectrodes at a Wafer Level

A batch fabrication process at the wafer-level integrating ring microelectrodes into atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips is presented. The fabrication process results in bifunctional scanning probes combining atomic force microscopy with scanning electrochemical microscopy (AFM−SECM) with a ring microelectrode integrated at a defined distance above the apex of the AFM tip. Silicon carbide is used as AFM tip material, resulting in reduced mechanical tip wear for extended usage. The presented approach for the probe fabrication is based on batch processing using standard microfabrication techniques, which provides bifunctional scanning probes at a wafer scale and at low cost. Additional benefits of batch fabrication include the high processing reproducibility, uniformity, and tuning of the physical properties of the cantilever for optimized AFM dynamic mode operation. The performance of batch-fabricated bifunctional probes was demonstrated by simultaneous imaging micropatterned platinum structures at a silico...
Human lung epithelial cells contain Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a late endosomal vacuole and are efficiently recognized by CD8⁺ T cells.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is transmitted via inhalation of aerosolized particles. While alveolar macrophages are thought to play a central role in the acquisition and control of this infection, Mtb also has ample opportunity to interact with the airway epithelium. In this regard, we have recently shown that the upper airways are enriched with a population of non-classical, MR1-restricted, Mtb-reactive CD8+ T cells (MAIT cells). Additionally, we have demonstrated that Mtb-infected epithelial cells lining the upper airways are capable of stimulating IFNγ production by MAIT cells. In this study, we demonstrate that airway epithelial cells efficiently stimulate IFNγ release by MAIT cells as well as HLA-B45 and HLA-E restricted T cell clones. Characterization of the intracellular localization of Mtb in epithelial cells indicates that the vacuole occupied by Mtb in epithelial cells is distinct from DC in that it acquires Rab7 molecules and does not retain markers of early endosomes such as Rab5. The Mtb vacuole is also heterogeneous as there is a varying degree of association with Lamp1 and HLA-I. Although the Mtb vacuole shares markers associated with the late endosome, it does not acidify, and the bacteria are able to replicate within the cell. This work demonstrates that Mtb infected lung epithelial cells are surprisingly efficient at stimulating IFNγ release by CD8+ T cells.
Functional Fitness Testing of Older Adults: An Intergenerational Service Learning Experience

Early detection of impaired physical function is of vital importance in the effort to delay or prevent physical disability in older adults. Functional fitness test batteries have been developed and administered to older adults with this purpose in mind. The intent of this article is to describe how functional fitness testing of older adults was incorporated into an intergenerational service learning experience and to present benefits and challenges associated with the experience.
A new late Pliocene porcupine (Rodentia: Erethizontidae) from Florida

(1997). A new late Pliocene porcupine (Rodentia: Erethizontidae) from Florida. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 623-626.
Carbon dioxide stimulation of the AD-3 mutants of Neurospora crassa.

Abstract Tests for CO 2 stimulation on the purple adenine ( ad - 3 A and ad - 3 B ) mutants of Neurospora crassa have shown that only certain of the ad - 3 B mutants will grow on minimal medium on CO 2 -enriched air. These results suggest that the ad - 3 B mutants are blocked in the reaction of CO 2 with 5 -amino-imidazole ribonucleotide (AIR) to form 5 -amino-4-imidazole carboxylic acid ribonucleotide (CAIR) rather than in the reaction of CAIR with L -aspartate to form 5 -amino-4-imidazole- N -succinocarboxamide ribonucleotide (SAICAR). Those ad - 3 B mutants responding to CO 2 are located on the right side of the complementation map of the ad - 3 B cistron and have non-polarized complementation patterns restricted to complons 12 through 20. Complementing mutants with nonpolarized patterns located elsewhere on the map, mutants with polarized complementation patterns, and noncomplementing mutants show no response. The implications of these results in terms of the transfer of genetic information from gene to protein are discussed.