cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Postexposure prophylaxis for measles in a neonatal intensive care unit.

6. Malagelada.J-R, Camilleri M, Stanghellini V. Manometric diagnosis of gastrointestinal motility disorders. New York: Theime, 1986:57. 7. McLain CR. Amniography studies of the gastrointestinal motility in human fetus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1963;86:1079-87. 8. Bueno L, Ruckebusch Y. Perinatal development of intestinal myoelectrie activity in dogs and sheep. Am J Physiol 1979; 237:E61-7. 9. Bisset WM, Watt JB, Rivers RPA, Milla PJ. The motor response of the small intestine to milk feeds in preterm infants [Abstract ]. Dig Dis Sci t987;32:903. 10. lttman PI, Berseth CL Antral motility response to duodenal feeding in preterrn and term infants [Abstract]. Pediatr Res 1989;25:116A. l l. Bisset WM, Watt JB, Rivers RPA, Milla PJ. Ontogeny of fasting small intestinal motor activity in the human infant. Gut 1988;29:453-88. 12. Morriss FH, Moore M, Weisbrodt NW, West MS. Ontogenic development of gastrointestinal motility. IV. Duodenal contractions in preterm infants. Pediatrics 1986;78: I 106-13. 13. Dunn L, Hulman S, Weiner J, Kleigman R. Beneficial effects of early hypocaloric enteral feeding on neonatal gastrointestinal function: preliminary report of a randomized trial. J PEDIATR 1988;112:622-9. 14. Kerlin P, Zinsmeister A, Phillips S. Relationship of motility to flow of contents in the human small intestine. Gastroenterology 1982;82:701-6.
Quasiperiodicity, mode-locking, and universal scaling in Rayleigh-Benard convection

Quasiperiodicity, mode-locking and universal scaling dynamics are described for Rayleigh-Benard convection in a dilute solution of 3He in superfluid 4He. Examples from experimental data are used to illustrate analysis techniques of nonlinear dynamics: power spectra, phase space reconstruction, Poincare sections, transients and stability eigenvalues, return maps, multifractal f(α) analysis, and scaling function dynamics. Using these tools we show that the route to chaos in this system of two intrinsic oscillatory modes has the same universality as the sine circle map.
Evaluation of the agreement between modeled and monitored ambient hazardous air pollutants in California

Elevated breast cancer incidence rates in urban areas have led to speculation regarding the potential role of air pollution. In order to inform the exposure assessment for a subsequent breast cance...
Pulsed laser deposition of high-quality ZnO films using a high temperature deposited ZnO buffer layer

High-quality ZnO film growth on sapphire was achieved by pulsed laser deposition using a high temperature deposited ZnO buffer layer. This high temperature deposited buffer layer remarkably improves crystallinity of subsequent films. In particular, the full width at half-maximum of X-ray diffraction ω-rocking curves for ZnO films grown with the buffer layer is 0.0076° (27.36 arcsec) and 0.1242° (447.12 arcsec) for the out-of-plane (002) and in-plane (102) reflections, respectively. In addition, ZnO films grown with this buffer layer showed a carrier mobility of 88 cm2/V s, which is three times higher than that realized for ZnO films grown without the buffer layer. The room temperature photoluminescence spectra showed strong band edge emission with little or no defect-related visible emission.
Dynamic dielectric response of an asymmetric double quantum well near the bounding surface of a semi-infinite dynamic plasmalike host medium

We have examined the dynamic, nonlocal dielectric response function of a pair of asymmetric quantum wells embedded in a semi-infinite dynamic (local) host plasmalike medium, near its bounding surface, by carrying out a closed form inversion of the dielectric function of this system explicitly. The resulting random-phase-approximation (RPA) inverse dielectric function ${K(z,z}^{\ensuremath{'}};\mathbf{q},\ensuremath{\omega}),$ which depends on lateral wave vector q and frequency \ensuremath{\omega}, is obtained analytically in position representation with ${z,z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ describing distances into the medium from the bounding surface. In this, we neglect intersubband transitions in the two quantum wells (assumed to be thin) and ignore tunneling effects. The frequency poles of ${K(z,z}^{\ensuremath{'}};\mathbf{q},\ensuremath{\omega}),$ describe the collective modes resulting from the coupling of the double quantum well quasi-two-dimensional intrasubband plasmons with the bulk and surface plasmons of the host medium, and the residues at these poles provide the oscillator strengths of such coupled collective modes.
Blasts with rosette-like multinucleation in acute myeloid leukemia with complex cytogenetic abnormalities.

![Figure][1] A 28-year-old female presented with chills, sweats, and profound weakness. Laboratory findings revealed hypercalcemia, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, and pancytopenia. Bone marrow aspirate revealed 95% blasts with 2 distinct populations. A subset of blasts (20%) had typical
Noninvasive Monitoring of Small Intestinal Oxygen in a Rat Model of Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia

We noninvasively monitored the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in rat's small intestine using a model of chronic mesenteric ischemia by electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry over a 7-day period. The particulate probe lithium octa-n-butoxynaphthalocyanine (LiNc-BuO) was embedded into the oxygen permeable material polydimethyl siloxane by cast-molding and polymerization (Oxy-Chip). A one-time surgical procedure was performed to place the Oxy-Chip on the outer wall of the small intestine (SI). The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was banded to ~30% of blood flow for experimental rats. Noninvasive measurement of pO2 was performed at the baseline for control rats or immediate post-banding and on days 1, 3, and 7. The SI pO2 for control rats remained stable over the 7-day period. The pO2 on day-7 was 54.5 ± 0.9 mmHg (mean ± SE). SMA-banded rats were significantly different from controls with a noted reduction in pO2 post banding with a progressive decline to a final pO2 of 20.9 ± 4.5 mmHg (mean ± SE; p = 0.02). All SMA-banded rats developed adhesions around the Oxy-Chip, yet remained asymptomatic. The hypoxia marker Hypoxyprobe™ was used to validate the low tissue pO2. Brown cytoplasmic staining was consistent with hypoxia. Mild brown staining was noted predominantly on the villus tips in control animals. SMA-banded rats had an extended region of hypoxic involvement in the villus with a higher intensity of cytoplasmic staining. Deep brown stainings of the enteric nervous system neurons and connective tissue both within layers and in the mesentery were noted. SMA-banded rats with lower pO2 values had a higher intensity of staining. Thus, monitoring SI pO2 using the probe Oxy-Chip provides a valid measure of tissue oxygenation. Tracking pO2 in conditions that produce chronic mesenteric ischemia will contribute to our understanding of intestinal tissue oxygenation and how changes impact symptom evolution and the trajectory of chronic disease.
Cytomegalovirus infection after allogeneic transplantation: comparison of cord blood with peripheral blood and marrow graft sources.

Abstract Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is an important complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), but the natural history in the cord blood setting has not been well studied. We assessed CMV infection episodes in 753 consecutive allogeneic HSCT recipients at the University of Minnesota between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2003. The 6-month cumulative incidence of viremia/antigenemia was 22% by day +182: 21% (95% confidence interval 16%-26%) in cord blood recipients (UCB), 24% (20%-28%) in marrow (BM), and 22% (16%-28%) using peripheral blood grafts (PBSC). CMV disease incidence was 6% (2%-10%) in UCB, 8% (5%-11%) in BM, and 9% (6%-12%) in PBSC. In multivariate analysis, CMV infection (viremia/antigenemia and disease) was significantly more likely in patients who were seropositive to CMV, in those with acute graft versus host disease, and in those receiving T cell-depleted grafts. Graft source did not independently contribute to the risk of CMV infection and did not impact survival after CMV infection. These data confirm that recipient CMV serostatus remains the dominant risk factor for CMV infection. Recipients of UCB have similar risks of CMV infection, responses to antiviral therapy, and survival following CMV infection as recipients of either marrow or PBSC.
Workers' response to risk notification.

Since 1988, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has notified workers who were subjects in occupational epidemiology studies of the study findings (“worker notification”). This paper describes seven notifications and the worker's reactions to them. The chemicals of interest in the studies were: carbon monoxide, o-toluidine, bis-chloromethyl ether, polychlorinated biphenyls, cadmium, acid mist, and dioxin. Materials describing the study results were sent to 15,958 subjects who were notified of their increased risk of arteriosclerotic heart disease, bladder cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, kidney dysfunction, laryngeal cancer, all cancers combined, or soft tissue sarcoma. Workers provided feedback via telephone calls, and for three notifications, by postcards containing workers' comments and ratings of the notification materials. The percentage of telephone calls received from notified workers ranged from 0.3% to 3.8%, and the percentage returning postcards ranged from 8.8% to 17.6%. The two largest categories of callers were those with questions about their disease risk (30%) or who reported on their health status (25%). Most of the comments on postcards (26%) were complimentary or expressed appreciation for receiving the letters; reports of ill health were second (20%). A majority (66%) rated the notification materials well done. Few of the callers (5%) requested information on legal issues. Most (85%) did not find the materials, which ranged in reading level from sixth to ninth grade, too hard to read, although 15% reported difficulty reading them. Although this response system was effective in producing some input from workers, its limitation is that respondents may not be representative of all notified workers. However, such information is useful because there are few data on the effects of notifications on workers. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Laboratory experiments on the diurnal vertical migration of marine dinoflagellates through temperature gradients

The diurnal vertical migrations of 4 marine dinoflagellates (Cachonina niei, Ceratium furca, Gymnodinium splendens, and Prorocentrum micans) were studied in a thermally-stratified Plexiglas column (1.70 m deep, 0.61 m diameter). All species migrated through temperature gradients exceeding 7 C°. Some species exhibited altered migration patterns at different salinities either between experiments or compared to observations by other investigators. P. micans exhibited complex changes in swimming speed that depended both on temperature and on the light cycle. These changes provide insight into the possible time course of a field organism's diurnal exposure to physical variability in the water column. P. micans exhibited compositional changes in response to the light cycle, but not to the cross-thermocline temperature differential. A multi-parameter response matrix is required to model coupling between organisms and biologically-active physical mechanisms realistically.
“I Bid Thee Arise!”: Reverse-Editing and Reversal Miracles in Carl Theodor Dreyer’s Ordet

Abstract Many scholars have analyzed Carl Theodor Dreyer’s Ordet for its unusual camera movements, long takes, and reverse-editing. Some have gone so far as to link these cinematic devices to Ordet’s narrative focus on miracles, exploring connections between the film’s form and its content. This essay attempts to bridge the gap between formal analysis and theological analysis. It examines the film’s representation of miracles against the conceptual history of miracles, considering the extent to which we may regard the film as a theological argument, making visual assertions as important and fruitful as verbal ones.
Profiling the evanescent field of nanofiber waveguides using self-assembled polymer coatings.

Here we demonstrate a facile method of quantifying the decaying optical field surrounding free-standing tin dioxide (SnO2) nanofiber waveguides. Through the use of thin self-assembled polyelectrolyte coatings and fluorescent optical transmitters we map out the optical intensity as a function of distance with nanometer resolution.
Asymptotically Nonparametric Inference in some Linear Models with One Observation per Cell

In [5] and [6] the author proposed point estimates, tests and confidence procedures for the parameters in a linear model, which have the same asymptotic efficiency (relative to the corresponding classical methods) as the Wilcoxon test has relative to the t-test. Here, “asymptotic” refers to the case that the numbers of observations per cell tend to infinity; in practice, they should presumably be at least equal to four.
Escape from S

Abstract Different groups of pigeons were trained to discriminate between white horizontal and vertical lines with and without errors. Those pigeons who learned the discrimination with errors also learned to escape from S− by pecking at a second response key. Each escape response turned off S− for 5 sec but did not produce S+. Pigeons from “displacement” and “stimulus change” control groups who learned the same discrimination with errors, and pigeons who learned to discriminate without errors, made virtually no responses to the second key. It was also shown that the escape response could be maintained on a schedule which required five responses for each termination of S− and that the frequency of responding to the second key declined rapidly once the escape contingency was eliminated.
Biological properties of flavonoids pertaining to inflammation.

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is accompanied by a marked inflammatory response that is thought to contribute to the development and progression of the disorder. While compression therapy has long been considered the standard treatment for CVI, recent studies suggest that treatment with flavonoids may also be beneficial. The purpose of this review is to summarize how plant flavonoids attenuate inflammation and the immune response through their inhibition of important regulatory enzymes. Certain flavonoids are potent inhibitors of the production of prostaglandins, a group of powerful proinflammatory signaling molecules. Studies have shown that this effect is due to flavonoid inhibition of key enzymes involved in prostaglandin biosynthesis (i.e., lipoxygenase, phospholipase, and cyclooxygenase). Flavonoids also inhibit phosphodiesterases involved in cell activation. Much of this effect is upon the biosynthesis of protein cytokines that mediate adhesion of circulating leukocytes to sites of injury. The protein kinases are another class of regulatory enzymes affected by flavonoids. The inhibition of kinases is due to the competitive binding of flavonoids with ATP at catalytic sites on the enzymes. These modes of inhibition provide the mechanisms by which flavonoids inhibit the inflammation response and suggest that this class of molecules may be effective in the treatment of CVI.
On the Convergence of a certain Multiple Series

Any one who has dealt with the convergence of multiple series soon becomes aware that simple and interesting examples are very scarce. It may therefore be worth while placing on record the following result which is not altogether trivial.
Delay of left ventricular longitudinal expansion with diastolic dysfunction: impact on load dependence of e' and longitudinal strain rate.

The effect of diastolic dysfunction (DD) on the timing of left ventricular (LV) diastolic longitudinal and circumferential expansion and their load dependence is not known. This study evaluated the timing of the peak early diastolic LV inflow velocity (E), mitral annular velocity (e′), and longitudinal and circumferential global strain rates (SRE) in 161 patients in sinus rhythm. The intraventricular pressure difference (IVPD) from the left atrium to the LV apex was obtained using color M-mode Doppler data to integrate the Euler equation. The diastolic function was graded according to the guidelines. In normals (N = 57), E, e′, longitudinal SRE, and circumferential SRE occurred nearly simultaneously during the IVPD. With DD (N = 104), e′ and longitudinal SRE were delayed occurring after the IVPD (e′: 18 ± 23 msec, longitudinal SRE: 13 ± 21 msec from the IVPD), whereas circumferential SRE (−8 ± 28 msec) and E (−2 ± 13 msec) were not delayed. The normal dependence of e′ and longitudinal SRE on IVPD was reduced in DD; while the relation of circumferential SRE and E to IVPD were unchanged in DD. Thus, normally, the LV expands symmetrically during early diastole and both longitudinal and circumferential expansions are related to the IVPD. With DD, early diastolic longitudinal LV expansion is delayed, occurring after the IVPD and LV filling, resulting in their relative independence from the IVPD. In contrast, with DD, circumferential SRE and mitral inflow are not delayed and their normal relation to the IVPD is unchanged.
Saturated Fatty Acids and Inflammation: Who Pays the Toll?

Since the discovery that obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue,1,2 mechanisms by which adipose tissue becomes inflamed, resulting in insulin resistance, have remained elusive. Several studies have demonstrated that saturated fatty acids (SFAs) stimulate adipose tissue inflammation by a process that involves Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a receptor that binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). TLR4 is a pattern recognition receptor that plays a key role in the innate immune response. The observation that TLR4 deficiency protected against insulin resistance in obesity induced by a diet high in SFAs3 suggested that TLR4 was the link between diet excess and insulin resistance.3 Attenuation of diet-induced insulin resistance4,5 and adipose tissue inflammation6 also have been observed in C3H/HeJ mice with a loss of function mutation in TLR4. See accompanying article on page 802 In vitro studies have shed light on how SFAs lead to adipose tissue inflammation. TLR4 activation by SFAs increases the expression of a number of inflammatory genes in adipocytes by a nuclear factor κB–dependent mechanism,7–11 similar to TLR4 activation by LPS. SFAs also stimulate inflammatory molecules in macrophages.3,10–12 TLR4’s critical role has been demonstrated by silencing TLR4 expression with short …
Iridium-based complexes for water oxidation

Organometallic Ir precatalysts have been found to yield homogeneous Ir-based water-oxidation catalysts (WOCs) with very high activity. The Cp*Ir catalyst series can operate under a variety of regimes: it can either act as a homogeneous or a heterogeneous catalyst; it can be driven by chemical, photochemical, or electrochemical methods; and the molecular catalyst can either act in solution or supported as a molecular unit on a variety of solid oxides. In addition to optimizing the various reaction conditions, work has continued to elucidate the catalyst activation mechanism and identify water-oxidation intermediates. This Perspective will describe the development of the Cp*Ir series, their many forms as WOCs, and their ongoing characterization.
The infant with prolonged jaundice: investigation and management

Abstract Jaundice for more than 14 days in the newborn is pathological and requires investigation. Minimum investigations include serum total and conjugated bilirubin. Conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia, dark urine and pale stools are pathognomic of the neonatal hepatitis syndrome which should be investigated urgently. The neonatal hepatitis syndrome has many causes and should be investigated by a structured protocol. The most important differential diagnosis is biliary atresia and affected infants should have a Kasai portoenterostomy carried out by an experienced surgeon, ideally before 60 days of age. Genetic causes of the neonatal hepatitis syndrome are increasingly recognized and early diagnosis facilitates genetic advice and, in some situations, specific treatment. The management of cholestasis is largely supportive, consisting of aggressive nutritional support with particular attention to fat-soluble vitamin status. The use of ursodeoxycholic acid is associated with improvement in biochemical measures of cholestasis and may improve the natural history of cholestasis in some circumstances. Outcome is dependent on aetiology. In idiopatic neonatal hepatitis, more than 90 make a complete biochemical and clinical recovery.
Real-time Motion Planning of Multiple Mobile Manipulators with a Common Task Objective in Shared Work Environments

This paper considers the problem of planning motions for a team of mobile manipulators working in the same environment with a common task objective. It presents a distributed, real-time algorithm to plan motion trajectory for each team member that allows dynamic and spontaneous division of work among team members to meet the common task objective. A mobile manipulator has to perform its share of the task while avoiding other moving mobile manipulators in the team in addition to other obstacles in the environment. To each robot team member, none of the trajectories of the other team members or moving obstacles are known beforehand. The approach is implemented and tested in simulated task environments, which demonstrates its high effectiveness and efficiency.
Brittle ductile transition in carbon nanotube bundles

The superior strength and stiffness of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them attractive for many structural applications. Although the strength and stiffness of CNTs are extremely high, fibres of aligned CNTs have been found to date to be far weaker than the constituent CNTs. The intermolecular interactions between the CNTs in the fibres are governed by weak van der Waals forces, resulting in slippage between CNTs which occurs at tensions well below the breaking strength of the CNTs. Both theoretical and experimental studies show that by introducing chemical bonds between the CNTs increases load transfer and prevents the CNTs from slipping.
Routine helical computed tomographic evaluation of the mediastinum in high-risk blunt trauma patients.

Background The indications and method of evaluation of the mediastinum in blunt deceleration trauma are controversial and vary among centers. Most centers practice a policy of angiographic evaluation only in the presence of an abnormal mediastinum on chest radiography. Routine aortography in the absence of any mediastinal abnormality is not widely practiced. Helical computed tomographic (CT) scan has been successfully used in recent studies in the evaluation of the thoracic aorta. Objective To determine the role of routine helical CT scan evaluation of the mediastinum in patients involved in high-speed deceleration injuries, irrespective of chest radiographic findings. Design A prospective study over a 1-year period. Included in the study were patients with high-speed deceleration injuries who required CT evaluation of the head or abdomen. This group of patients underwent routine helical CT evaluation of the mediastinum irrespective of chest radiographic findings. Setting Large, urban, academic level I trauma center. Results A total of 112 trauma patients fulfilled the criteria for study inclusion. Overall, there were 9 patients (8.0%) with aortic rupture. Four (44.4%) of these patients had a normal mediastinum on the initial chest x-ray film and the diagnosis was made by CT scan. The CT scan was diagnostic in 8 of the aortic ruptures (intimal tear or pseudoaneurysm) and was suggestive of aortic injury but not diagnostic in 1 patient with brachiocephalic artery injury. In 42 patients (37.5%), there was a widened mediastinum: an aortic rupture was diagnosed in 5 of them (11.9%) and a spinal fracture in 9 (21.4%). One patient had both aortic rupture and spinal injury. Conclusions The incidence of aortic injury in patients with high-speed deceleration injury is high. A significant proportion of patients with aortic injury have a normal mediastinum on the initial chest radiograph. There is a high incidence of spinal injuries in the presence of a widened mediastinum. We recommend that all trauma patients with high-risk deceleration injuries undergo routine helical CT evaluation of the mediastinum irrespective of chest radiographic findings.
Development of surface tension-driven microboats and microflotillas

Surface tension gradients may induce the motions of a floating solid fragment. This mechanism has been employed to drive miniaturized objects on a water surface. These objects could function, for example, as rotators. In the meanwhile, based on such a mechanism, we have recently developed microboats and microflotillas, and explored their movements on water surfaces. Isopropyl alcohol was adopted as the propellant. It had a surface tension much lower than water. Once the IPA exited the reservoir of a microboat or a microflotilla, the force induced by the difference between fore-and-aft surface tensions propelled the corresponding locomotive forwards. This article gives a simple review of the results that we have achieved to date, including exploration of SU-8 microboats, development of SU-8 microflotillas, and determination of driving mechanisms of these microboats and microflotillas. Two types of SU-8 microboats were developed, and their designs, fabrication and propulsion were explored. The first type of microboats did not have side rudders. They were capable of moving along their longitudinal directions. We considered the movements of this type of SU-8 boats in both horizontal and vertical planes. The second type of microboats had side rudders, which enabled these microboats to have radial motions. By varying the lengths of the side rudders, we were able to have a good control of the radial motions. To have more storage space, we further developed microflotillas, which each consisted of five SU-8 microboats that were linked with a Nylon rope. We explored design, fabrication and propulsion of these microflotillas, as well as their motions in both straight and circular channels. The developed boats and flotillas were capable of moving on water surfaces at speeds of order 0.1 m/s. Finally, we performed in situ observation of exchange processes of water and IPA inside the reservoir of a cm-scaled PDMS boat. Based on this observation, we interpreted driving mechanisms of the microboats and microflotillas. Existing approaches mainly use stationary devices for material supply and sensing detection. Compared with these devices, the developed boats and flotillas are mobile. This enables these miniaturized vehicles to actively deliver materials and sensors on demand for microfluidic applications.
Age-Related Changes in Prefrontal White Matter Measured by Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Age-related degeneration of brain white matter (WM) has received a great deal of attention, with recent studies demonstrating that such changes are correlated with cognitive decline and increased risk for the development of age-related neurodegenerative disease. Past studies have used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure the volume of normal and abnormal tissue signal as an index of tissue pathology. More recently, diffusion tensor MRI (DTI) has been employed to obtain regional measures of tissue microstructure, such as fractional anisotropy (FA), providing better spatial resolution and potentially more sensitive metrics of tissue damage than traditional volumetric measures. We used DTI to examine the regional basis of age-related alterations in prefrontal WM. As expected from prior volumetric and DTI studies, prefrontal FA was reduced in older adults (OA) compared to young adults (YA). Although WM volume has been reported to be relatively preserved until late aging, FA was significantly reduced by middle age. Much of prefrontal WM showed reduced FA with increasing age. Ventromedial and deep prefrontal regions showed a somewhat greater reduction compared to other prefrontal areas. Prefrontal WM anisotropy correlated with prefrontal WM volume, but the correlation was significant only when the analysis was limited to participants over age 40. This evidence of widespread and regionally accelerated alterations in prefrontal WM with aging illustrates FA's potential as a microstructural index of volumetric measures.
Cardiac Rhythm Device Identification Algorithm using X-Rays: CaRDIA-X

Introduction A 75-year-old woman with a dual-chamber pacemaker was seen in the cardiology clinic for possible device malfunction. The patient’s device identification card revealed that a pacemaker from “Manufacturer A” was implanted in 2001. However, device interrogation using the corresponding programmer failed to communicate with the device. Given the age of the device, complete depletion of the battery was suspected and the patient was thus referred for pacemaker generator change. On the day of the surgery in the holding area, upon inspection of the pacemaker implantation site, existence of 2 healed scars side by side raised the suspicion of a previous generator change out or revision of leads. However, the patient did not recall any such procedures; therefore all of the 5 major manufacturers were contacted. Manufacturer A confirmed the information in the identification card, whereas the others showed no record of the patient. Nevertheless, the second scar at the device site still remained a question. Although the decision regarding the pacemaker generator change was acceptable, the possibility of a mistaken device manufacturer identity could not be completely ruled out. The patient’s chest X-ray with the pacemaker image was compared with other patients’ X-rays with known pacemakers for possible manufacturer identification. Similarities with one of the other manufacturer’s (“Manufacturer B”) X-ray pacemaker image prompted device in-
mRNA Turnover in Yeast Promoted by the MATα1 Instability Element

The decay rates of eukaryotic transcripts can be determined by sequence elements within an mRNA. One example of this phenomenon is the rapid degradation of the yeast MATalpha1 mRNA, which is promoted by a 65 nt segment of its coding region termed the MATalpha1 instability element (MIE). The MIE is also capable of destabilizing the stable PGK1 transcript. To determine how the MIE accelerates mRNA turnover we examined the mechanism of degradation of the MATalpha1 transcript. These experiments indicated that the MATalpha1 mRNA was degraded by a deadenylation-dependent decapping reaction which exposed the transcript to 5'-->3' exonucleolytic digestion. Deletion of the MIE from the MATalpha1 mRNA decreased the rate at which this mRNA was decapped. In contrast, insertion of the MIE into the PGK1 transcript caused an increase in the rate of deadenylation of the resulting chimeric mRNA. These observations suggest that the MIE promotes rapid mRNA decay by increasing the rates of deadenylation and decapping, with its primary effect on mRNA turnover depending on additional features of a given transcript. These results also strengthen the hypothesis that deadenylation-dependent decapping is a common pathway of mRNA decay in yeast and indicate that an instability element within the coding region of an mRNA can effect nucleolytic events that occur at both the 5'- and 3'-ends of an mRNA.
Wide-Angle Imaging Lidar Deployment at the ARM Southern Great Plains Site: Intercomparison of Cloud Property Retrievals

Abstract The Wide-Angle Imaging Lidar (WAIL), a new instrument that measures cloud optical and geometrical properties by means of off-beam lidar returns, was deployed as part of a multi-instrument campaign to probe a cloud field at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plain (SGP) site on 25 March 2002. WAIL is designed to determine physical and geometrical characteristics using the off-beam component of the lidar return that can be adequately modeled within the diffusion approximation. Using WAIL data, the extinction coefficient and geometrical thickness of a dense cloud layer is estimated, from which optical thickness is inferred. Results from the new methodology agree well with counterparts obtained from other instruments located permanently at the SGP ARM site and from the WAIL-like airborne instrument that flew over the site during our observation period.
Pneumatically-driven external pressure applicator to augment Fontan hemodynamics: preliminary findings

Background: This study investigated the application of circumferentially applied, external pressure to the lower extremities as a preventative measure and long-term clinical treatment strategy for Fontan patients. Objective: We hypothesized that the application of circumferential pressure to the lower limbs will augment venous return and thus cardiac output. Methods: Two patients (an extra-cardiac and intra-atrial Fontan) were evaluated. Both trials were conducted during a routine cardiac catheterization. The aortic and inferior vena cava (IVC) pressures were recorded. We applied three different external pressures to the lower limbs based on the patient’s diastolic pressure. Each pressure was applied with a one-minute rapid inflate/deflate period for a total of five cycles and a rest period between pressure intervals. Results: Patient 1 (age 37, female) demonstrated pressure rises of 10-15 mmHg in both the aortic and IVC pressures. Patient 2 (age 24, male) had undetectable pressure rise during the first pressure cycles and notable pressures rise of approximately 8-12 mmHg during the third cycle. Conclusions: External pressure application redistributes blood volume or cardiac output as a result of impedance in the lower extremities, enhancing venous pressure and return. Our findings strongly suggest an acute benefit from the implementation of external mechanical compression of the lower vasculature to increase cardiac output in Fontan patients.
Toward Personalized Pain Anxiety Reduction for Children

This abstract describes the development of algorithms for personalized anxiety reduction feedback for use by a robot buddy interacting with a child about to receive intravenous therapy (an IV insertion). This three-phase study is currently being conducted; it consists of two data collections to determine domain-specific approaches, followed by the full study with personalized anxiety-reducing feedback. Participants receiving personalized feedback will be compared to participants with a non-personalized robot (to control for novelty) and a no robot condition (baseline control).
Oncologic Outcomes of Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Scalp Requiring Resection of Cranial Bone

Objectives To identify the recurrence rates and survival outcomes of patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp. Methods This study was a retrospective chart review of eight patients that had squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp with either periosteal or skull invasion on clinical and/or radiographic evaluation. Results The disease-free survival was 62.5% (5/8 patients) with a local control rate of 75% (6/8 patients) for the entire group. The two patients with full-thickness craniectomy had a local control rate of 100% (2/2 patients); the patients with outer cortex removal had a local control rate of 66.7% (4/6 patients). The disease-free survival of the full-thickness group was 50% (1/2 patients ), and the disease-free survival of the outer cortex removal patients was 66.7% (4/6 patients). Conclusion Despite the invasive nature of this disease, a high degree of local control can be achieved in this high-risk group with multiple comorbidities using outer cortex drilldown, and, in properly selected patients, full-thickness calvarial resection. We conclude that for patients without evidence of medullary involvement that outer table drilldown offers a well-tolerated approach with reasonable oncologic control.
P4-S3.09 The prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis virus (TVV) in globally distributed Trichomonas vaginalis isolates

Objective Trichomonas vaginalis , a highly prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infection, has been shown to be infected by a double-stranded RNA virus known as T vaginalis virus (TVV). The presence of this virus has been associated with increased trafficking of the immunogenic P270 to the surface of the parasite, and has therefore been hypothesised to be an important virulence factor in trichomoniasis. In the present study, we investigate the prevalence of TVV in globally distributed T vaginalis isolates and find an association between TVV infection and genetically distinct T vaginalis populations. Methods 150 T vaginalis isolates from the USA, Mexico, Italy, Southern Africa, Papua New Guinea and Australia were screened for TVV infection by running total RNA extract on 1% agarose gels to detect the presence or absence of the diagnostic 4.5 kb dsRNA genome of the virus. The prevalence of TVV in genetically distinct T vaginalis phylotypes was compared using χ 2 tests. Results TVV was found to be present in 37% of T vaginalis isolates. We find a difference in the prevalence of TVV infection between genetically distinct populations of parasites, with 3% of phylotype 1 isolates containing the virus vs 73% of phylotype 2 parasites ( Conclusions TVV prevalence varies between T vaginalis phylotypes 1 and 2. This finding has implications suggesting that TVV is transmitted vertically among parasites, as more closely related T vaginalis strains are infected with TVV. Preliminary data also suggests that phylotype 2 parasites may show greater virulence, and further studies will be required in determining the role of TVV in this increased pathology.
Photon emission experiments with the scanning tunnelling microscope

SUMMARY We have detected the light emitted from an STM at both ultraviolet (9·5 eV) and optical (1–4 eV) energies. We show that this light contains spectroscopic information on the sample surface comparable to conventional inverse photoelectric spectroscopy, but with nearly atomic spatial resolution. At optical energies we found sufficiently high intensities to allow spatial imaging of the emission probability. We propose that the high quantum efficiency is due to resonance phenomena, and present fluorescence spectra of the emitted light that support this view. We believe that atomic resolution inverse photoemission microscopy and spectroscopy will provide an important new dimension to surface studies.
Keeping our patients' secrets.

Protecting the privacy of the patient9s medical record is a central issue in current discussions about a patient bill of rights, and controversy over a proposed "unique health identifier" has raised the decibel level of these discussions. At the heart of the debate is how best to resolve the inherent conflict between the individual9s right to privacy and the need for access to patients9 health information for reasons of public health, research, and health care management.
Abstract 4795: Kupfer-type immunological synapse characteristics do not predict anti-brain tumor cytolytic T-cell function in vivo

To analyze the in vivo structure of antigen-specific immunological synapses during an effective immune response, we established brain tumors expressing the surrogate tumor antigen ovalbumin, and labeled antigen-specific anti-glioma T cells using specific tetramers. Using these techniques we determined that a significant amount of antigen-specific T cells were localized to the brain tumor and surrounding brain tissue, and a large percentage could be induced to express IFNγ when exposed to the specific ovalbumin-derived peptide epitope SIINFEKL. Detailed morphological analysis of T cells immunoreactive for tetramers in direct physical contact with tumor cells expressing ovalbumin, indicated that the interface between T cells and target tumor cells displayed various morphologies, including Kupfer-type immunological synapses. Quantitative analysis of adjacent confocal optical sections was performed to determine if the higher frequency of antigen-specific anti-glioma T cells present in animals that developed an effective anti tumor immune response, could be correlated with a specific immunological synaptic morphology. Detailed in vivo quantitative analysis failed to detect an increased proportion of immunological synapses displaying the characteristic Kupfer-type morphology, in animals mounting a strong and effective anti-tumor immune response, compared to those experiencing a clinically ineffective one. We conclude that an effective cytolytic immune response is not dependent on an increased frequency of Kupfer-type immunological synapses Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4795.
Fracing and Federalism: A Regulatory Battle of the Titans

Hydraulic fracturing (also known as “fracking” or “fracing ”) is the process of injecting large volumes of water, sand, and chemicals into the ground to fracture rock and extract natural gas. It has been touted as a way toward greater energy independence and as an economic boom to states. Even though fracing has been practiced for more than 100 years, its evolution and expansion have raised concerns about its regulation. It has become a particularly controversial practice in the past 10 years because of concerns about the environment, citizens’ health, land rights and waste disposal, among other issues. And it increasingly has received media attention. Various federal environmental laws passed since the 1970s could regulate this industry. But the controversial 2005 Energy Act exempted fracing from these major federal environmental laws. Thus states have remained the primary regulators of this growing and complex industry, and the fracing industry has supported such limited and fragmented oversight. The federal government is a bit player when it comes to the regulation of fracing. Moreover, states are urging the federal government to stay out of the regulatory picture. But states are also sometimes finding themselves at odds with their own municipalities and with other states. Indeed, most of the conflict regarding fracing appears to be coming from local communities, towns and townships over contamination and waste disposal. There is concern that state regulations are not standardized or stringent enough. There are also citizen and citizen-activist concerns, some of which have led to lawsuits. In this paper, we discuss the regulatory history of fracing (how it came to be governed by the states and not the federal government), the local concerns primarily over contamination and disposal, the uneven state regulation, the hamstrung federal regulatory role, the legal issues that have arisen and the battles that are brewing among various levels of government as fracing increases. Truly, fracing has touched off a regulatory battle of the titans.
A Brief Introduction to Systems

The VA began nationwide conversion to a medical home system called Patient Aligned Care Teams (PACTs) in 2010. Primary care clinics were tasked with improving access, implementing team-based practice redesign, and improving clinical outcomes. For many clinics, these concepts represented a huge shift from their current practice culture. In addition, the resources promised for the conversion were slow in coming, while the improvement expectations were nearly immediate. In 2011, the complexity of interprofessional education was added, threatening to require overwhelming cultural change. And yet in many ways the Boise VA Center of Excellence succeeded. The VA is now trying to understand what factors explain the wide range of success with PACT adoption across their systems. In this book, we are proposing that a systems viewpoint—and a complex adaptive systems approach in particular—can be helpful for aligning expectations between stakeholders, understanding outcomes, facilitating change, and explaining the performance variability between clinics.
The factor V Leiden mutation which predisposes to thrombosis is not common in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome

Antiphospholipid syndrome is associated with venous, arterial, and placental thrombosis, possibly through autoantibody impairment of phospholipid-dependent protein C activation. Recently, a missense mutation in the factor V gene (1691 G-->A) has been identified that results in an abnormal factor V product (1). This mutation, known as the Leiden mutation, causes an amino acid substitution of glutamine for arginine at position 506 in the factor V molecule and renders the protein resistant to proteolytic inactivation by activated protein C and thus predisposes to thrombosis (2, 3). We hypothesized that some individuals with antiphospholipid syndrome may also carry the Leiden mutation, and thus have a "second hit" predisposition to thrombosis. To test this hypothesis, allele-specific hybridization and allele-specific restriction analysis were used to test for the Leiden mutation in thirty women with the antiphospholipid syndrome, 10 of whom had a history of thrombosis. None of the women were heterozygous or homozygous for the factor V mutation. We conclude that the presence of the factor V Leiden mutation is not a prerequisite for the thrombotic events in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome, due to the occurrence of thrombosis seen in patients lacking the factor V mutation.
Advanced Intraoperative Imaging for Stereotaxis. The Surgical CT Scanner

Earlier recognition and superior definition of intracranial pathology by computerized tomography (CT) have demanded the introduction of CT imaging into the operating room itself1. A CT Scanner dedicated to improved surgical diagnosis and therapy has been combined with a compatible stereotaxic device to promote exploration, and removal or treatment of a wide spectrum of brain lesions.
Morphologic Analysis of the Cerebral Microcirculation After Thermal Injury and the Response to Fluid Resuscitation

Using the pial window model, we have previously demonstrated that there is a disruption of the blood brain barrier with distal thermal injury [1–3]. Our laboratory has shown that treatment with Laetated Ringer's Solution did not improve labeled albumin leakage. However, treatment with hypertonic hyperosmotic saline (HHS) solution post thermal injury seemed to essentially eliminate the albumin leakage in cerebral vessels. Using adult Sprague-Dawley rats and epifluorescent microscopy, the cerebral vessel size and diameter were measured, as well as the number of leukocytes rolling or adherent to the endothelium. The results show that there was significant progressive arterial dilatation over six hours in the thermally injured animals treated with HHS. There was also a significant increase in leukocyte number if the animals were thermally injured and had no resuscitation fluid or if the animals were thermally injured and underwent resuscitation fluid with Laetated Ringer’s compared to either the control group or the group that was treated with HHS after thermal injury.
Mercury Underpotential Deposition to Determine Iridium and Iridium Oxide Electrochemical Surface Areas

Determining the surface areas of electrocatalysts is critical for separating the key properties of area-specific activity and electrochemical surface area from mass activity. Hydrogen underpotential deposition and carbon monoxide oxidation are typically used to evaluate iridium (Ir) surface areas, but are ineffective on oxides and can be sensitive to surface oxides formed on Ir metals. Mercury underpotential deposition is presented in this study as an alternative, able to produce reasonable surface areas on Ir and Ir oxide nanoparticles, and able to produce similar surface areas prior to and following characterization in oxygen evolution. Reliable electrochemical surface areas allow for comparative studies of different catalyst types and the characterization of advanced oxygen evolution catalysts. Lastly, they also enable the study of catalyst degradation in durability testing, both areas of increasing importance within electrolysis and electrocatalysis.