cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Novel oncologic, surgical, and prosthetic treatment of high-grade surface osteosarcoma, osteoblastic mandible type.

An accurate diagnosis of osteosarcoma of the jaws (OS) is determined by proper documentation and interpretation of clinical symptoms, radiologic findings, meticulous histologic survey, and a characteristic growth pattern. The characteristics of high-grade OS include a chief complaint of swelling/pain, a ‘‘fluffy’’ radiologic appearance with or without corticomedullary involvement, osteoblasts as the predominant cell type on histologic examination, and a highly aggressive growth pattern arising from the periosteal tissue. OSs of the mandible and maxilla are collectively known as gnathic osteosarcomas (GOSs) and usually exhibit long-standing pain or swelling. Emphasis on multidisciplinary oncologic, surgical, and prosthetic treatment planning of GOSs improves the treatment outcome and long-term prognosis. The treatment of GOSs, especially in the mandible, requires careful consideration of adjacent bone, soft tissue, surrounding perioral musculature, teeth, interocclusal relationships, and facial aesthetics. Integration of oncologic therapy is of predictive value in the treatment of GOSs. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy assesses the responsiveness of the tumor to chemotherapy and minimizes the potential for the presence of distant micrometastasis. The benefits of adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy protocols have continued to be evaluated, with a reported local recurrence risk of 1.1% to 13.5%. It has been reported
Invited Commentary: Diet and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism—A Hard Nut to Crack

Recently, there has been interest in determining whether diet is associated with the risk of venous thromboembolism. The article by Varraso et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2012;175(2):114-126) published in this issue of the Journal is an important contribution to this literature. In this commentary, the author discusses the findings of Varraso et al. within the context of the existing literature and posits epidemiologic explanations for why investigators might have failed to identify strong associations between diet and venous thromboembolism.
Oxandrolone in trauma patients.

Study objective To determine the effect of oxandrolone administration on nutritional and clinical outcomes after multiple trauma. Design Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Setting Level 1 trauma center in a university teaching hospital. Patients Sixty-two patients requiring enteral nutrition, 60 of whom completed the study. Intervention Patients were randomized to receive either oxandrolone 10 mg or placebo twice/day for a maximum of 28 days. Measurements and main results Total urinary nitrogen, prealbumin, nitrogen balance, total body water, and body cell mass were measured on day 1 of enteral nutrition and then at day 7, day 10, and study exit. Patients were assessed daily for metabolic and infectious complications. The two groups were similar for demographics and dosage of enteral nutrition. Measurement of total urinary nitrogen at study entry showed both groups to be highly catabolic (oxandrolone 17.2 +/- 4.9, placebo 19.1 +/- 10.8 g/day, NS). On days 7 and 10, total urinary nitrogen increased in both groups; however, there was no significant difference between groups. Nitrogen balance was negative throughout the study in each group. Body cell mass decreased slightly in both groups over the study period. Prealbumin serum concentrations increased significantly in both groups at day 10 and study exit compared with study entry. The groups did not differ significantly for length of hospital stay (oxandrolone 30.8 +/- 17.9, placebo 27.0 +/- 25.7 days), length of intensive care unit stay (oxandrolone 17.1 +/- 7.8, placebo 15.5 +/- 9.7 days), and frequency of pneumonia or sepsis (oxandrolone 48, placebo 43 episodes). Conclusion Oxandrolone 20 mg/day does not have obvious benefit in nutritional and clinical outcomes during the first month after multiple trauma.
An Efficient Trajectory Method for Probabilistic Production-Inventory-Distribution Problems

We consider a supply chain operating in an uncertain environment: The customers' demand is characterized by a discrete probability distribution. A probabilistic programming approach is adopted for constructing an inventory-production-distribution plan over a multiperiod planning horizon. The plan does not allow the backlogging of the unsatisfied demand, and minimizes the costs of the supply chain while enabling it to reach a prescribed nonstockout service level. It is a strategic plan that hedges against undesirable outcomes, and that can be adjusted to account for possible favorable realizations of uncertain quantities. A modular, integrated, and computationally tractable method is proposed for the solution of the associated stochastic mixed-integer optimization problems containing joint probabilistic constraints with dependent right-hand side variables. The concept of p-efficiency is used to construct a finite number of demand trajectories, which in turn are employed to solve problems with joint probabilistic constraints. We complement this idea by designing a preordered set-based preprocessing algorithm that selects a subset of promising p-efficient demand trajectories. Finally, to solve the resulting disjunctive mixed-integer programming problem, we implement a special column-generation algorithm that limits the risk of congestion in the resources of the supply chain. The methodology is validated on an industrial problem faced by a large chemical supply chain and turns out to be very efficient: it finds a solution with a minimal integrality gap and provides substantial cost savings.
Antimicrobial Cycling to Control Bacterial Resistance

In this issue of The Annals, Hodges and White 1 publish an analysis of the world’s literature on the value of using some form of cycling of antimicrobial agents to control the emergence of resistance. We congratulate Hodges and White for a job well done. We would like to raise some issues about the definitions of cycling that were used and to point out what we see as some difficulties in their methodology used in the review. Antimicrobial cycling is a practice that is implemented in an attempt to prevent the emergence of resistance. The term “antimicrobial cycling” should not be used when referring to a practice that is implemented to try and reverse an already increasing rise in an institution’s resistance rates. The authors’ interpretation of cycling, and the examples they choose to represent such practice, would more accurately be described as altering antimicrobial prescribing to reduce institutional resistance rates. The majority of the studies reviewed did not investigate whether antibiotic cycling could prevent resistance. Most of the studies cited were performed because of a preexisting resistance problem in a hospital or nursing unit, with cycling or switching initiated to try and reduce the impact of that resistance. 2-5 For example, in virtually all of the
Abortion decisions as inclusion and exclusion criteria in research involving pregnant women and fetuses

From the perspective of investigators conducting research involving pregnant women and fetuses, a woman's decision about whether to have an abortion can sometimes be relevant to the suitability of the woman and fetus as research subjects. However, prominent ethicists disagree over whether it is permissible for a woman's decision about abortion to be an inclusion or exclusion criterion for participation in research. A widely held view is that fetuses to be aborted and fetuses to be carried to term should be treated equally as research subjects. Some hold that this principle implies that a woman's decision about whether to have an abortion should not be an inclusion or exclusion criterion. This paper identifies types of research in which investigators might want to have inclusion or exclusion criteria based on decisions about abortion. It examines the arguments for and against having the woman's decision about abortion included in such criteria. It is argued that there are types of research in which such criteria are ethically permissible.
Solidarity Framing at the Union of National and Transnational Public Spheres

Researchers have often overlooked transnational media due to a perceived lack of outlets and audiences that are truly transnational in scope. For communication scholars who examine the European Public Sphere, the dominant paradigm currently focuses on the “Europeanization” of national public spheres. While this approach has yielded important insights, the last 20 years have seen the proliferation of transnational media outlets, two of which are based in Europe. This paper focuses on the means by which one such media outlet, France 24, constructs and maintains a public sphere that is transnational in identity and reach. This is illustrated through a framing analysis of the France 24 program, Talking Europe, where our findings indicate that pan-European broadcasters simultaneously construct audience identification with national and transnational public spheres, by presenting frames of integration, harmonization, and solidarity. Ultimately, the analysis underscores three important outcomes: (1) transnational...
Four ways of being an agonist: multiple sequence determinants of efficacy at D2 dopamine receptors

A model describing the binding of catecholamines to receptors has been developed largely on the basis of in nitro mutagenesis of the B,-adrenergic receptor. According to this model, three points of interaction contribute much of the binding energy of catecholamines. A conserved aspartic acid residue in the third transmembrane domain, Asp-1 13 of the B,-adrenergic receptor, participates in an ionic interaction with the charged amine of agonists and antagonists, whereas two of three conserved serine residues clustered in the fifth transmembrane domain, Ser-204 and Ser-207, form hydrogen bonds with the mand p-hydroxyl groups of catecholamine agonists [ l ] . We set out to assess the validity of this model for the dopamine D2 receptor. Although, the D2 receptor has only -20% amino acid identity with the P,-adrenergic receptor, and the pharmacological profiles of the two receptors differ greatly, amino acid identity in the transmembrane repons that are thought to form the binding pocket is much higher (39%) [2]. Furthermore, dopamine is a weak agonist at the P2adrenergic receptor (K. A. Neve and B. L. Wiens, unpublished work), and P-receptor agonists have some efficacy at the D2 receptor [ 3 ] .
Microstructural Stability of Stressed Lamellar Eutectics

At elevated temperatures, stresses enhance mass transport at the microstructural scale and under certain conditions, lead to microstructural instabilities. Using a linear stability analysis, we examine the effect of stresses on the morphological stability of plate-like phases and lamellar eutectic composites. These stresses can be either due to misfit strains and/or due to externally applied loads. We find that for misfitting plates, the nominally flat plate-matrix interface is unstable with respect to the growth of perturbations with wavelengths greater than a critical wavelength, provided that the reinforcing plates are elastically suffer than the surrounding matrix. On the other hand, for stresses generated by externally applied loads, the flat interface is always unstable as long as the plate modulus and the matrix modulus are not identical. In addition, the analysis reveals that misfit strains can either counteract or enhance the destabilizing influence of applied loads depending on the elastic properties of the plate and the matrix. Finally, we have developed stability diagrams that identify material properties and operating conditions required to maintain a stable interface in these lamellar eutectic composites.
Gentamicin: in vitro studies

One factor probably responsible in part for the efficacy of gentamicin is the relatively small impairment of its activity by the large numbers of bacteria known to be present in urinary and other gram-negative infections. Table 1 demonstrates the much greater amounts of colistin [1] and carbenicillin [2], as compared with gentamicin, required to inhibit Pseudomonas when the inoculum size is increased from 105 to 107 bacteria/ milliliter. The most appropriate inoculum size for obtaining in vitro results that will correlate optimally with clinical efficacy is not known, but the retention of good activity even with a very high inoculum may well be related to the striking clinical efficacy of gentamicin reported by others at this symposium. The very early, potent bactericidal action of gentamicin, as shown by Rubenis, Kozij, and Jackson [3] is probably a related phenomenon.
Dietary variation among nestling starlings

I sampled diets of nestling European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris L.) in central New Mexico for four consecutive years. The prevalence of prey in these diets varied within and between years, within days, and relative to nestling age and brood size. Dietary diversity was not significantly different between early and late broods. Young birds were fed more diverse diets than older nestlings, and among these young birds, large broods had more diverse diets than small broods. Different broods received different prey, despite similar conditions of location, time, weather, brood size and nestling age.
Inhibition of HIV-1 by an anti-integrase single-chain variable fragment (SFv): delivery by SV40 provides durable protection against HIV-1 and does not require selection.

Human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) encodes several proteins that are packaged into virus particles. Integrase (IN) is an essential retroviral enzyme, which has been a target for developing agents to inhibit virus replication. In previous studies, we showed that intracellular expression of single-chain variable antibody fragments (SFvs) that bind IN, delivered via retroviral expression vectors, provided resistance to productive HIV-1 infection in T-lymphocytic cells. In the current studies, we evaluated simian-virus 40 (SV40) as a delivery vehicle for anti-IN therapy of HIV-1 infection. Prior work suggested that delivery using SV40 might provide a high enough level of transduction that selection of transduced cells might be unnecessary. In these studies, an SV40 expression vector was developed to deliver SFv-IN (SV(Aw)). Expression of the SFv-IN was confirmed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, which showed that >90% of SupT1 T-lymphocytic cells treated with SV(Aw) expressed the SFv-IN protein without selection. When challenged, HIV-1 replication, as measured by HIV-1 p24 antigen expression and syncytium formation, was potently inhibited in cells expressing SV40-delivered SFv-IN. Levels of inhibition of HIV-1 infection achieved using this approach were comparable to those achieved using murine leukemia virus (MLV) as a transduction vector, the major difference being that transduction using SV40 did not require selection in culture whereas transduction with MLV did require selection. Therefore, the SV40 vector as gene delivery system represents a novel therapeutic strategy for gene therapy to target HIV-1 proteins and interfere with HIV-1 replication.
A prospective study of phobic anxiety, risk of ovarian cancer, and survival among patients.

In ovarian cancer patients and mouse models, psychosocial stress is associated with higher circulating markers of angiogenesis and cell migration, impaired immune response, and increasing tumor burden and aggressiveness. In the Nurses’ Health Studies (NHS/NHSII), we assessed whether phobic anxiety, a marker of chronic distress, was associated with risk of incident ovarian cancer as well as survival among ovarian cancer patients. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to model the relative risks (RRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) of ovarian cancer incidence and survival by categories of the Crown–Crisp phobic anxiety index (CCI). We identified 779 cases of ovarian cancer during 2,497,892 person-years of follow-up. For baseline CCI (NHS: 1988; NHSII: 1993), we observed a statistically nonsignificant increased risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (RR for CCI ≥ 4 vs. 0 or 1: 1.14; 95 % CI 0.96–1.36). However, when we updated CCI (NHS: 2004; NHSII: 2005), the associations were attenuated. Pre-diagnosis CCI was not associated with ovarian cancer survival (RR for ≥4 vs. 0 or 1: 1.00; 95 % CI 0.77–1.31); results were similar for post-diagnosis CCI. Distress, as measured by phobic anxiety symptoms, was not associated with ovarian cancer risk, although we cannot rule out a modest association. Future research should explore the role of phobic anxiety and other forms of psychological distress and ovarian cancer risk and survival.
The near field/far field model with constant application of chemical mass and exponentially decreasing emission of the mass applied.

ABSTRACTThe near field/far field (NF/FF) model is a contaminant dispersion construct that permits making airborne contaminant exposure estimates for an individual located close to an emission source. In the present analysis, chemical emission involves a constant mass rate of chemical application to surfaces, denoted I (mg/min), and an exponentially decreasing rate of emission of the chemical from the surfaces with rate constant α (min−1). The time-dependent emission rate function is: G(t), mg/min = I − I exp(− αt), where time t is in minutes. The exact time-dependent equations for the contaminant concentration in the NF and the FF are presented. These equations are used to revise a previous analysis of a study in which a penetrant liquid containing benzene was applied to parts on a work table in a test room. The previous analysis assumed that the benzene was applied as a bolus at the start of a 15-min use period, whereas the present analysis assumes the same total benzene mass was applied at a uniform rat...
Molecular toxicology of (-)-erythro-fluorocitrate: selective inhibition of citrate transport in mitochondria and the binding of fluorocitrate to mitochondrial proteins.

The rate of entry of oxidizable carboxylic acids into the mitoplast compartment of lysosome-and microsome-free mitochondria was determined by monitoring substrate-dependent incorporation of 32 P-labeled orthophosphate into ADP to form ATP. The maximal rate of ATP synthesis that was dependent on tricarboxylic acids required the presence of (-)- erythro -fluoromalate, replacing the physiological activator L-malate. Previous incubation of mitochondria for 5-15 min (at 25-30°) with 50 pmoles of (-)- erythro -fluorocitrate per milligram of mitochondrial protein irreversibly and selectively inhibited citrate-supported ATP synthesis. The efflux of citrate from the mitoplast compartment of mitochondria was measured by incorporation of the acetyl residue of intramitochondrially generated citrate into fatty acids synthesized by the cytoplasmic enzyme system. Previous incubation of mitochondria for 15 min with quantities of (-)- erythro -fluorocitrate that inhibited citrate-dependent ATP synthesis also inhibited mitochondrial citrate-dependent fatty acid synthesis. The utilization of added citrate for fatty acid biosynthesis by the cytoplasmic system was not affected by fluorocitrate. Incubation of inner membrane vesicles with 3,4,5,6- 14 C-labeled (-)- erythro -fluorocitrate resulted in the covalent binding of fluorocitrate to protein components of the membrane as determined by molecular filtration in 8 M guanidine hydrochloride and precipitation by 10% trichloracetic acid. The fluorocitrate-containing protein precipitate could be redissolved in 0.1 N NaOH at 0° and reprecipitated by trichloracetic acid. The bond between fluorocitric acid and protein was specifically cleaved by incubation with 0.4 M neutral hydroxylamine, but not by 1 mM o -phenanthroline. The hydroxamic acid of fluorocitrate, which was formed by treatment of protein-bound fluorocitrate with hydroxylamine, was detected by high-voltage electrophoresis and thin-layer chromatography. Binding of fluorocitrate to inner membrane vesicles dissolved in 4 M guanidine hydrochloride was prevented by previous incubation of membrane proteins with the organomercurial o -{[3-(hydroxymercuri)-2-methoxypropyl]carbamoyl}phenoxyacetic acid sodium salt. The covalent binding of (—)- erythro -fluorocitrate to membrane proteins was the result of an enzymatic process that was activated by Mn 2+ . Oxidizable carboxylic acids did not form covalently bound adducts with inner membrane proteins. It was concluded that (—)- erythro -fluorocitrate specifically inhibited citrate transport by its covalent binding to two protein fractions associated with the mitoplast of liver, kidney, heart, and brain tissue.
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF VARIATIONS IN IRRIGATION WATER PRICE ON CROPPING PATTERN AND GROSS MARGIN UNDER UNCERTAINTY (CASE STUDY: KHORASAN RAZAVI)

Water shortage crisis is an issue that has led to drastic changes in different agricultural policies, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. Uncertainty in the amount of resources, e.g. water, used for agricultural production entails risk for farmers' income and cropping pattern changes. In the present study, the robust optimization model was used for optimal allocation of arable lands of Khorasan Razavi Province under uncertainty. During the allocation, the effect of water input price variations on total gross margin and cropping pattern was considered. It was found that under certain data, both parameters of total gross margin and total acreage are more than uncertain data. Given that water price variations resulted in tangible changes in wheat acreage, it is recommended to adopt appropriate policies to reduce its production risk.
Optimal Sizing Analysis on Grid-connected Microgrid with Different Self-balancing Capabilities

Grid-connected microgrids play an important role in improving local electricity economy and the power supply level.Take a typical wind-solar-battery grid-connected microgrid as an example.Taking into account such economic factors as the initial investment cost,the replacement cost,the operation and maintenance cost,salvage,the electricity cost,etc.,and operating power constraints,the optimal sizing schemes of different self-balancing capabilities under the economic objective are discussed from the perspective of user benefits.The genetic algorithm(GA)and mixed integer solver software CPLEX are adopted to obtain the power economy of the grid-connected microgrid of different self-balancing capabilities and the influences on optimal scheme of different electricity selling prices,which can provide a reference to optimal sizing and design of the gridconnected microgrid.
The 2016 Rankings: The Top 25 U.S. Universities Publishing Articles that Advanced Subject Specialized Librarianship 2011–2015

Rankings of U.S. universities by the number of publications by their librarians has often been based on examining assortments of wider interest library journals. In 2011, the authors developed rank...
Data analysis and simulation: Optimizing voter wait times

The bipartisan election commission formed after the 2012 election recommended that no American should wait longer than 30 minutes to vote. However, in every presidential election year, stories surface of voters having to wait several hours. Long lines disrupt voters' schedules and hinder economic activity, but can also discourage voters from remaining in line to vote. One way to decrease the average and maximum voter wait times is to better prepare polling locations by staffing optimally and having enough voting booths available. Data was collected from a Williamsburg polling location in Virginia during the off-year November 2015 delegate election. Simulation analysis found that in order to have maximum wait times of less than 30 minutes in this Williamsburg precinct during a presidential election then at least 4–5 poll workers to check in voters and 12–15 voting booths or machines are needed. Data on the number of voters that arrive per hour and the amount of time it takes to check in and vote are often collected by the state or by certain polling places. A general, free version of this discrete-event simulation was created in Java. This resource allocation tool takes previous data as an input and estimates the number of voting booths and staff needed in order to keep approximately 99% of wait times less than 30 minutes. Simulation and statistical analysis are used to determine the number of resources necessary.
Structured Reporting of RARP Complications: Are We Making Measurable Progress?

The field of urology continues to embrace new technological and procedural advancements designed to improve the morbidity, mortality, and functional outcomes for patients with urologic diseases. Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery is one such novel development capable of improving acute and long-term perioperative outcomes compared to conventional open surgery. In the United States, robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is the most common surgical technique for radical prostatectomy, accounting for greater than 50 % of procedures performed annually. The degree to which the availability and promotion of robot-assisted surgery (RAS) has contributed to the recognized current increases in cost and frequency of radical prostatectomy is debated (Kaye et al., Nat Rev Urol 12(1):55–60, 2015).
Water Footprint of Hydraulic Fracturing

We evaluated the overall water footprint of hydraulic fracturing of unconventional shale gas and oil throughout the United States based on integrated data from multiple database sources. We show that between 2005 and 2014, unconventional shale gas and oil extraction used 708 billion liters and 232 billion liters of water, respectively. From 2012 to 2014, the annual water use rates were 116 billion liters per year for shale gas and 66 billion liters per year for unconventional oil. Integrated data from 6 to 10 years of operation yielded 803 billion liters of combined flowback and produced water from unconventional shale gas and oil formations. While the hydraulic fracturing revolution has increased water use and wastewater production in the United States, its water use and produced water intensity is lower than other energy extraction methods and represents only a fraction of total industrial water use nationwide.
Spin Effects in Lateral Quantum Dots

We present the review of our work on spin effects in single lateral quantum dots with the emphasis on the results of Coulomb blockade spectroscopy studies. Realization of a spin-based quantum bit proposal in a lateral quantum dot is discussed. Described are the ways of isolating a single electron spin in a dot containing only one as well as many electrons. Demonstrated is a current readout of spin transitions in a dot by means of spin blockade spectroscopy due to spin polarized injection/detection mechanism in a lateral dot. Discussed are transitions induced both by changing a magnetic field and a number of electrons in a dot with the emphasis on the effects observed close to filling factor in a dot ν = 2.
G364(P) High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy for bronchiolitis on a paediatric ward (including children with co-morbidities): two years’ experience

Objectives To share the feasibility and experience of HFNC on a paediatric ward. Design Observational retrospective cohort study. Setting Paediatric ward in a tertiary children’s hospital Patients: Children with bronchiolitis admitted to paediatric ward (September 2014 – October 2016). Results 1630 children with bronchiolitis were admitted to paediatric ward during the study period. In the first year, HFNC was limited to children with no additional co-morbidities. In the second year, with increasing staff confidence and winter capacity constraints in PIC, HFNC was extended to children with co-morbidities such as congenital heart disease, chronic lung disease and neuromuscular problems. A standard operational procedure document guided management. 155 children were treated with HFNC (350 HFNC days)and Conclusions Our experience demonstrates the feasibility, safety and efficacy of HFNC therapy for children with bronchiolitis including children with stable co-morbidities, in a busy paediatric ward. Our use of higher flow rates has not resulted in adverse effects and this adds to the body of evidence on HFNC flow rates in paediatric population. Use of HFNC for non-bronchiolitis respiratory failure outside PICU needs further study.
RUNX1 is required for oncogenic Myb and Myc enhancer activity in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

The gene encoding the RUNX1 transcription factor is mutated in a subset of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients, and RUNX1 mutations are associated with a poor prognosis. These mutations cluster in the DNA-binding Runt domain and are thought to represent loss-of-function mutations, indicating that RUNX1 suppresses T-cell transformation. RUNX1 has been proposed to have tumor suppressor roles in T-cell leukemia homeobox 1/3-transformed human T-ALL cell lines and NOTCH1 T-ALL mouse models. Yet, retroviral insertional mutagenesis screens identify RUNX genes as collaborating oncogenes in MYC-driven leukemia mouse models. To elucidate RUNX1 function(s) in leukemogenesis, we generated Tal1/Lmo2/Rosa26-CreERT2Runx1f/f mice and examined leukemia progression in the presence of vehicle or tamoxifen. We found that Runx1 deletion inhibits mouse leukemic growth in vivo and that RUNX silencing in human T-ALL cells triggers apoptosis. We demonstrate that a small molecule inhibitor, designed to interfere with CBFβ binding to RUNX proteins, impairs the growth of human T-ALL cell lines and primary patient samples. We demonstrate that a RUNX1 deficiency alters the expression of a crucial subset of TAL1- and NOTCH1-regulated genes, including the MYB and MYC oncogenes, respectively. These studies provide genetic and pharmacologic evidence that RUNX1 has oncogenic roles and reveal RUNX1 as a novel therapeutic target in T-ALL.
Hair Cells and Their Synapses

The peripheral auditory system acts like a spectrum analyzer to break down complex sounds into their frequency and intensity components. All of this information is transferred from sensory cell to afferent fiber via ribbon synapses where graded hair cell receptor potentials are transformed into synaptic events that generate postsynaptic action potentials. These synapses can operate at high frequencies with high temporal fidelity for long periods of time. This review discusses the most recent findings from the morphological to the molecular to the functional specializations of the hair cell ribbon synapse that allow for these unique synaptic properties. Afferent fiber properties vary greatly in terms of spontaneous activity, threshold sensitivity, and dynamic range; the potential mechanisms for these differences are presented. The role of the ribbon in regulating vesicle trafficking and in acting as a diffusion barrier to calcium is discussed. The role of otoferlin as it relates to vesicle fusion, vesicle trafficking, and endocytosis is presented. The potential roles for multiquantal vesicle fusion as well as the likely mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and its potential physiological relevance are addressed. Calcium homeostasis, the roles of nano- versus microdomains to synaptic properties, and the importance of calcium-induced calcium release are also elucidated.
The Ephemeral Life of an Emerging Fund Manager

The investment industry has been undergoing massive transformation. Traditionally, members followed a predictable path from graduate school to portfolio manager. Wall Street firms would pluck fresh MBAs from leading business schools, such as Harvard, Wharton, or Chicago, and groom a lucky few for a privileged existence. Salaries and bonuses were not extraordinary by national standards, but they provided a stable, enviable career. This tranquil path no longer exists. It has been replaced by one filled with unpredictable change and heartache. Many still enjoy a fulfilling, perhaps even extraordinary, career. But survival has been made more challenging with market upheaval, technological advances, consolidation, and excess talent. In order to survive, all investment professionals need to adapt to the changing environment or shift energies to an entrepreneurial paradigm.
High growth rate hydride vapor phase epitaxy at low temperature through use of uncracked hydrides

We demonstrate hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) of GaAs with unusually high growth rates (RG) at low temperature and atmospheric pressure by employing a hydride-enhanced growth mechanism. Under traditional HVPE growth conditions that involve growth from Asx species, RG exhibits a strong temperature dependence due to slow kinetics at the surface, and growth temperatures >750 °C are required to obtain RG > 60 μm/h. We demonstrate that when the group V element reaches the surface in a hydride, the kinetic barrier is dramatically reduced and surface kinetics no longer limit RG. In this regime, RG is dependent on mass transport of uncracked AsH3 to the surface. By controlling the AsH3 velocity and temperature profile of the reactor, which both affect the degree of AsH3 decomposition, we demonstrate tuning of RG. We achieve RG above 60 μm/h at temperatures as low as 560 °C and up to 110 μm/h at 650 °C. We incorporate high-RG GaAs into solar cell devices to verify that the electronic quality does not deteriora...
High-pressure balloon valvuloplasty for severe pulmonary valve stenosis: a prospective observational pilot study in 25 dogs

Abstract Objectives We aimed to evaluate safety and efficacy of high-pressure balloon valvuloplasty (HPBVP) for treatment of canine severe pulmonary valve stenosis (PS). A secondary aim was to provide pre-procedure predictors of success. Animals Twenty-five dogs. Methods Prospective observational study. Dogs with severe PS (echocardiographically derived trans-pulmonary peak/maximum pressure gradient (EDPG) ≥80 mmHg) were recruited. All dogs underwent echocardiography before and 20–24hrs after HPBVP using a high-pressure balloon with rated burst pressures ranging from 12 to 18 ATM. Procedural success was defined as a post-HPBVP EDPG reduction of ≥50% or reduction into at least the moderate category of PS (50–79 mmHg). Optimal result was defined as a post-procedural EDPG ≤30 mmHg. Results Initial median (IQR) EDPG for all dogs was 96 (88, 127) mmHg with a post-operative median of 48 (36, 65) mmHg. The median EDPG reduction provided by HPBVP was 63% (39, 68); procedural success rate was 92% (23 dogs). Optimal results were achieved in 56% (14 dogs). There were no significant correlations between EDPG reduction and valve morphology (Type A and Type B) or severity of right ventricular hypertrophy. Pulmonary valve annulus diameter was the only echocardiographic variable that was significantly correlated to EDPG reduction (p = 0.02; r = −0.46). No dog experienced any anesthetic or surgical complications, and all patients survived the procedure. Conclusions In this cohort of 25 dogs with severe PS, HPBVP was safe and effective. The procedural success rate and high number of optimal results achieved with HPBVP suggest future randomized controlled trials comparing HPBVP to conventional valvuloplasty are warranted.
The Chaos of Empire: The British Raj and the Conquest of India, by Jon Wilson: New York, PublicAffairs, 2016, 584 pp., US$29.99 (hardcover), ISBN 9781610392938

This is an important book. For too long, historians have treated British rule in India as some sort of hulking superstructure: all-seeing, all-knowing and all-powerful, guided by particular ideolog...
Cause and Association: Missing the Forest for the Trees

A response is offered to an article in the issue by author Miguel A. Hernan on the causality of diseases, associational statistics and observational research. An overview of the teaching of causation of diseases in public health graduate studies is provided.
The Effects of a School Policing Program on Crime, Discipline, and Disorder: A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation

This study analyzes the impacts of school-based law enforcement officers on school crime, disciplinary actions, and disciplinary problems in 238 middle and high schools in West Virginia using a non-equivalent groups design and three years of data. Propensity score weights are utilized to reduce selection biases resulting from non-random group assignment in observational data. Binary and multinomial logistic treatment models are used when estimating treatment effects to examine whether the extent to which police officers are present in schools impacts problem outcomes. Findings indicated that while the presence of school police officers increased drug-related crimes and out-of-school suspensions for drug crimes regardless of whether they were present in schools for a single year or multiple years, there were deterrent effects observed for violent crimes and incidents of disorder when police officers were present in schools during all school years. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Cecil Brown: The Murrow Boy Who Became Broadcasting's Crusader for Truth: By Reed W. Smith Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2017, 288 pp.

For one brief moment, just after the United States entered World War II, Cecil Brown may have been the most important journalist in America. Shortly after Pearl Harbor, the CBS correspondent surviv...
Laws, E. (2002). The design analysis and improvement of tourist services

(2002). Laws, E. (2002). The design analysis and improvement of tourist services. SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 170-172.
Polymorphonuclear leucocytosis and lymphopenia in acute renal failure and metabolic acidosis in the rat.

1. Peripheral blood leucocytes were studied before, and 48 h after acute induction in the rat of either uraemia (by bilateral ureteric ligation or bilateral nephrectomy) or of metabolic acidosis in the absence of uraemia (by ingestion of NH 4 Cl). 2. A significant, fourfold increase in polymorphonuclear leucocyte count was seen after bilateral ureteric ligation, but no increase occurred in sham-operated animals nor after bilateral nephrectomy, despite equivalent uraemia and acidosis. A lesser degree of polymorphonuclear leucocytes was also seen after unilateral ureteric ligation. A significant but also lesser degree of polymorphonuclear leucocytosis was seen after metabolic acidosis in the absence of uraemia. Correction of acidosis in another group of animals with bilateral ureteric ligation did not prevent polymorphonuclear leucocytosis. 3. Significant lymphopenia, of approximately equal degree, was seen after bilateral nephrectomy, and after metabolic acidosis, but did not occur in control groups. 4. These findings support the hypothesis that polymorphonuclear leucocytosis in acute uraemia or ureteric obstruction may be due to a direct renal mechanism, such as release of a leucopoietin, whereas lymphopenia may be due to metabolic changes associated with uraemia or metabolic acidosis.
Concurrent actions in the situation calculus

We propose a representation of Concurrent actions; rather than invent a new formalism, we model them within the standard situation calculus by introducing the notions of global actions and primitive actions, whose relationship is analogous to' that between situations and fluents. The result is a framework in which situations and actions play quite symmetric roles. The rich structure of actions gives rise to' a new problem, which, due to' this symmetry between actions and situations, is analogous to' the traditional frame problem. In [Lin and Shoham 1991] we provided a solution to' the frame problem based on a formal adequacy criterion called "epistemological completeness." Here we show how to' solve the new problem based on the same adequacy criterion.
Code-Switching and Authority in Late Medieval England

The depiction of interlocutors who mix Latin, French or English in medieval texts suggests that language-mixing in speech was a feature of communication in late medieval England. Approaches adapted from studies of multilingualism in linguistics are applied in this analysis to patterns of mixed-language speech in The Chronicle of Pierre de Langtoft, The Canterbury Tales and Piers Plowman. Cases of multilingual communication in each text demonstrate that social motivations characterize why speakers strategically select or integrate languages. In interactions between interlocutors whose identities and status differ, mixed-language speech serves to construct authority and restrict membership across social and literate groups.
Efficient Image Sensor Subsampling for DNN-Based Image Classification

Today's mobile devices are equipped with cameras capable of taking very high-resolution pictures. For computer vision tasks which require relatively low resolution, such as image classification, sub-sampling is desired to reduce the unnecessary power consumption of the image sensor. In this paper, we study the relationship between subsampling and the performance degradation of image classifiers that are based on deep neural networks (DNNs). We empirically show that subsampling with the same step size leads to very similar accuracy changes for different classifiers. In particular, we could achieve over 15x energy savings just by subsampling while suffering almost no accuracy lost. For even better energy accuracy trade-offs, we propose AdaSkip, where the row sampling resolution is adaptively changed based on the image gradient. We implement AdaSkip on an FPGA and report its energy consumption.
Jet fuel density via GC × GC-FID

Abstract Aviation jet fuels contain over a thousand different hydrocarbons, making the prediction of their properties from chemical composition difficult. The density of a jet fuel at 15 °C is necessary for its certification. We present here an analytical approach for the determination of the density of jet fuels based on the chemical composition of the fuel determined via comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC × GC-FID). The analysis was carried out using two-dimensional gas chromatography with electron ionization high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection (GC × GC-TOF/MS) and flame ionization detection (GC × GC-FID). A detailed chemical composition analysis was performed on 50 samples, including petroleum-based aviation fuels and all approved alternative aviation fuel blending components. Fuel constituents were classified into seven hydrocarbon classes (n-paraffins, isoparaffins, monocycloparaffins, di- and tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, cycloaromatic compounds, and alkylnaphthalenes) with the number of carbons in the range of 7–20. Several correlation algorithms and approaches were explored, including partial least squares regression (PLS) and support vector machines method (SVM), which yielded the most accurate results with mean absolute percentage errors of 0.1740% and 0.0984%, respectively. All used methods were validated utilizing uncalibrated validation samples.
Bovine Jugular Vein Conduit: A Mid- to Long-Term Institutional Review.

Background:Since 1999, we have used the bovine jugular vein conduit for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in infants and children. Herein, we review their mid- to long-term outcomes.Me...
Short-Term Adverse Outcomes Associated With Hypoglycemia in Critically Ill Children

Objectives:Previous studies report worse short-term outcomes with hypoglycemia in critically ill children. These studies relied on intermittent blood glucose measurements, which may have introduced detection bias. We analyzed data from the Heart And Lung Failure-Pediatric INsulin Titration trial to
Abstract 048: Impact of New Clinical Practice Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment in an Obese Pediatric Population

Objectives: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor prevalence has increased in children. The new clinical practice guidelines (CPG) revised hypertension (HTN) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LV...
The Role of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Cartilage Pathology: An Updated Systematic Review of the Basic Science Evidence.

Purpose To review the basic science studies on platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for cartilage and determine whether there has been an improvement in methodology and outcome reporting that would allow for a more meaningful analysis regarding the mechanism of action and efficacy of PRP for cartilage pathology. Methods The PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were screened in May 2017 with publication dates of January 2011 through May 2017 using the following key words: “platelet-rich plasma OR PRP OR autologous conditioned plasma (ACP) OR ACP AND cartilage OR chondrocytes OR chondrogenesis OR osteoarthritis OR arthritis.” Two authors independently performed the search, determined study inclusion, and extracted data. Data extracted included cytology/description of PRP, study design, and results. Results Twenty-seven studies (11 in vitro, 13 in vivo, 3 in vitro and in vivo) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. All of the studies (100%) reported the method by which PRP was prepared. Two studies reported basic cytologic analysis of PRP, including platelet, white blood cell, and red blood cell counts (6.7%). Nine studies reported both platelet count and white blood cell count (30.0%). Twelve studies reported platelet count alone (40.0%). Nine studies (30.0%) made no mention at all as to the composition of the PRP used. PRP was shown to increase cell viability, cell proliferation, cell migration, and differentiation. Several studies demonstrated increased proteoglycan and type II collagen content. PRP decreased inflammation in 75.0% of the in vitro studies reporting data and resulted in improved histologic quality of the cartilage tissue in 75.0% of the in vivo studies reporting data. Conclusions Although the number of investigations on PRP for cartilage pathology has more than doubled since 2012, the quality of the literature remains limited by poor methodology and outcome reporting. A majority of basic science studies suggest that PRP has beneficial effects on cartilage pathology; however, the inability to compare across studies owing to a lack of standardization of study methodology, including characterizing the contents of PRP, remains a significant limitation. Future basic science and clinical studies must at a minimum report the contents of PRP to better understand the clinical role of PRP for cartilage pathology. Clinical Relevance Establishing proof of concept for PRP to treat cartilage pathology is important so that high-quality clinical studies with appropriate indications can be performed.
Neighboring Group Participation by Chromium in Substitution Reactions of (η6-Arene)tricarbonylchromium Complexes

(η6-Arene)tricarbonylchromium complexes with leaving groups at the β- or γ-positions undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions with net retention of stereochemistry via neighboring group participation from the coordinatively saturated chromium atom.
"Skill Set, Aptitude, and Desire": Industry Perceptions of Recent Engineering Graduates as Professional Communicators

Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with employers and managers of recent graduates of engineering programs at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. Coded results of these interviews, including rankings of communication types, settings, and skills, yield tentative conclusions about industry perceptions of early-career engineers’ communication skills. Major themes include the importance of informal face-to-face communication over formal written documentation, the increasing importance of sound decisions among many available communication media, and industry-by-industry variation in the expectations of polish in formal written work.