cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simulating digital circuits with one bit per wire

An algorithm to simulate synchronous digital logic circuits in space proportional to one bit per wire, as long as the specification has a hierarchical nature, is described. An entire simulation might fit in the fast cache of some computers. The simulation algorithm is simple to implement, and runs relatively quickly. Although the algorithm has a quadratic worst-case running time, empirical results show that the running time for typical circuits is close to linear. The algorithm is reasonably time-efficient in absolute terms (a few microseconds per gate), although somewhat slower than recently developed event-driven or straight-line simulators, and much slower than word-parallel straight-line compiled simulators. In effect, the algorithm produces behavioral simulators automatically from a circuit description: each module is a subroutine that may be invoked from other parts of the circuit. >
ECC: Edge Cloud Composites

With an ever increasing number of networked devices used in mobile settings, or residing in homes, offices, and elsewhere, there is a plethora of potential computational infrastructure available for providing end users with new functionality and improved experiences for their interactions with the cyber physical world. The goal of our research is to permit end user applications to take advantage of dynamically available, local and remote computational infrastructure, without requiring applications to be explicitly rewritten and/or reconfigured for each scenario and with minimal end user intervention. Edge Cloud Composites (ECC) make possible the dynamic creation of virtual computational platforms that (i) can be composed from specific capabilities - competences - of participating devices, (ii) are guided by end user-centric abstractions capturing current user context and user intent, and (iii) use dynamic methods for device discovery and ECC maintenance. In contrast to datacenter clouds, ECC participants can include both virtualized and non-virtualized devices, and in addition, services running remotely, made possible by ECC's CIC abstractions, where C(ompetence) captures the functional capabilities of accessible devices and/or remote services, (I)ntent articulates end user desires, and (C)ontext describing the current operating environment. Concrete examples prototyped in this work include Android applications for distributed video playback, collaborative UI, and a distributed augmented reality application. For all such applications, an ECC composed from available devices, and guided by ECC's CIC notions, obtains up to 86% performance improvements and reductions in energy consumption of up to 37% compared to running on a single device. A resultant advantage in using ECCs to run applications is the ability to avoid the unpredictable latency variations seen in device-remote cloud interactions.
Prior Publication Productivity, Grant Percentile Ranking, and Topic-Normalized Citation Impact of NHLBI Cardiovascular R01 Grants

Rationale:We previously demonstrated absence of association between peer-review–derived percentile ranking and raw citation impact in a large cohort of National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute cardiovascular R01 grants, but we did not consider pregrant investigator publication productivity. We also did not normalize citation counts for scientific field, type of article, and year of publication. Objective:To determine whether measures of investigator prior productivity predict a grant’s subsequent scientific impact as measured by normalized citation metrics. Methods and Results:We identified 1492 investigator-initiated de novo National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute R01 grant applications funded between 2001 and 2008 and linked the publications from these grants to their InCites (Thompson Reuters) citation record. InCites provides a normalized citation count for each publication stratifying by year of publication, type of publication, and field of science. The coprimary end points for this analysis were...
A Modern Resource Based Approach to Unrelated Diversification

For over three decades, the questions of how and why an organization diversifies into related and unrelated businesses have drawn the attention of strategy scholars. However, explanations of unrelated diversification have been less than clear. A conceptual model of unrelated diversification is thus proposed. In drawing on Penrose's (1959) resource based approach, unrelated diversification is explained by an organization's 'three pillars', which consist of its strength of dynamic capabilities, absorptive capacity, and weak ties. The role of the three pillars is to discover new resource applications or uses in conditions of market failure that are characterized by 'incomplete' markets. A novel feature of this model is that an organization can diversify more broadly than predicted by Penrose (1959) and other modern resource-based approaches (Teece et al., 1997). Furthermore, unrelated diversification can be beneficial. This study also offers suggestions to measure the three pillars; its contributions and implications are discussed as well.
Caring for the geriatric surgical patient.

Since 1950, the United States has been in the midst of a profound demographic change: rapid aging of the population. This is in large part due to the advances in medical research that have resulted in new therapies for diseases, allowing humans to enjoy living longer than in the history of mankind. Life expectancy in the United States has improved dramatically over the past century—from 47.3 years in 1900 to 78.1 years in 2008. Finally, the number of persons aged 65 and older was 35.1 million in 2000, which was 12.4% of the population. By 2050, this group will reach 20.2% or 85.5 million. Themedical community is now just beginning to unravel and understand the effect of aging on organ function and the cumulative effect on the patient. Considering increased comorbidities and distinctly different physiologic responses/reserves, the geriatric patient will continue to present an array of challenges for all aspects of health care management. With surgeons being asked to care for these elderly patients, it is apparent that they are versed with the unique physiologic nuances that accompany the primary diagnosis. In this issue of Surgical Clinics of North America, many established, highly accomplished luminaries in Acute Care Surgery have contributed their knowledge and expertise. We begin with the changing demographics of America, review the effect of aging on each organ system, and conclude with difficult end-of-life decisions that are relevant when caring for the elderly. I applaud the editors for recognizing the importance of the elderly surgical patients that are presenting for surgical care. This is the first issue published on this topic in Surgical Clinics of North America. It has been a special honor for me to put this issue together. I want to specifically thank the editors for the confidence in me, the editorial
A comparative discrete-dislocation/crystal-plasticity analysis of bending of a single-crystalline microbeam

Bending of a micron-size single-crystalline beam is analyzed using both discrete-dislocation plasticity and crystal-plasticity formulations. Within the discrete-dislocation plasticity formulation, dislocations are treated as infinitely long straight-line defects residing within a linear elastic continuum. Evolution of the dislocation structure during bending is simulated by allowing the dislocations to glide in response to long-range interactions between different dislocations, and between dislocations and the applied stresses, and by incorporating various short-range reactions which can result in dislocation nucleation, annihilation or pinning. At each stage of bending, the stress and deformation fields are obtained by superposing the dislocation fields and the complementary fields obtained as a solution of the corresponding linear-elastic boundary value problem. The results obtained show that there is a continuing accumulation of “geometrically necessary” dislocations during bending which is expected due to the gradient in the strain throughout the beam height. In addition, it is found that localization of plastic flow into slip bands is a salient feature of materials deformation at the micron-length scale. Within the crystal-plasticity analysis, of beam bending, a small displacement gradient formulation is used and the material parameters selected in such a way that plastic flow localizes into deformation bands at low strains. It is found that, while the global response of the beam predicted by the two approaches can be quite comparable, fine details of the dislocation-based stress and deformation fields cannot be reproduced by the continuum crystal-plasticity model.
Persistence of Habitats and Populations of Small, Native Tryonia (Hydrobiidae) Snails in Brackish Marshes around San Francisco Bay, California, after Severe Drought*

Around the year 2000, populations of inconspicuous, 5-mm hydrobiid snails were discovered at several semi-isolated marshes around San Francisco Bay, California, where freshwater meets salt water. Coring indicated these are native species, including Tryonia porrecta (Mighels, 1845). The present, long-term monitoring at some of these sites with and without these small snails suggested that these abundances tend to be quite stable, through present 2014 sampling. But the recent, record drought since 2012 risked high salinities in these vulnerable brackish areas, including a site with the normally rare California Brackish Water Snail, Tryonia imitator (Pilsbry, 1899). Sites in presently 100% seawater at Elkhorn Slough on nearby Monterey Bay, once with frequent T. imitator brackish water snails yielded only dead shells during this past 15 years, among large, introduced predatory snails. Yet a more isolated site nearby at 50% seawater yielded small (3 mm) T. imitator brackish water snails observed (live) on green algae among pickleweed, at warm (30 °C) water temperatures, with no other gastropod species, soon after rare rains during the drought, in April, 2014. Isolated marshes may have advantages in slowing colonization of invasive species. Despite vulnerability of semi-isolated brackish-water sites to elevated salt during drought, some sites maintained these native snails (without invasive snails) even after drought.
Empowering Adolescents through Critical Literacy

(2006). Empowering Adolescents through Critical Literacy. Middle School Journal: Vol. 37, This We Believe in Action, pp. 55-59.
Utility of Viable Tissues ex Vivo: Banking of Reproductive Cells and Tissues

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an overview of the technologies and approaches utilized in banking reproductive cells and tissues ex vivo . Banking of reproductive cells and tissues for use ex vivo benefits agricultural and animal husbandry programs and human infertility treatments. These techniques are applied to animal model species for medical research (mouse, rat) and for conservation of endangered species. Cryopreservation is proving to be a safe approach to banking gametes and tissue, although post-thaw recovery can sometimes be erratic and inefficient. Many researchers are evaluating the cryobiological factors that may affect post-thaw recovery and developmental potential of cells and tissues. Improvements in cryopreservation techniques and technology will benefit the whole field. The scope and applications for conservation and biodiversity will be manifold, and protection of endangered species will become an attainable goal. It is suggested that advances in the ability to bank and use reproductive tissues ex vivo must be accompanied by thoughtful discussion and debate, to ensure safe and ethical application of these exciting technologies.
Integrating Health Services Engineering: A Multidimensional Approach

During the past two decades in health care, increasing numbers of preventable hospital deaths and medical errors, an explosion of technologies, pharmaceuticals, and diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, and rising costs have resulted in a shift in focus away from “one doctor, one patient” to the systems and processes that support care delivery. While leaders in health care have begun to recognize the contribution of engineering tools and principles in improving health care safety and quality, integration of these techniques and the engagement of engineers has not been fully realized. Creating an infrastructure that promotes a collaborative foundation begins in the academic setting. This article describes a three-pronged approach to integration that will ultimately improve results, efficiency, efficacy, and clinical and operational outcomes in health care facilities.
Revisiting the Debate: Does Exercise Build Strong Bones in the Mature and Senescent Skeleton?

Traditional exercise programs seem to be less osteogenic in the mature and post-mature skeleton compared to the young skeleton, likely because of the decline in sensitivity of bone to mechanical loading that occurs with advancing age. Another factor contributing to the apparently diminished benefit of exercise in older adults is failure of widely used measurement techniques (i.e. DXA) to account for changes in 3-dimensional bone structure, which are important determinants of bone strength. Moreover, although hormonal contributors to bone loss in the elderly are well-recognized, the influence of age-related increases in sympathetic nervous system activity on bone is rarely considered. In this Perspective, we cite evidence from animal and human studies demonstrating anabolic effects of exercise on bone across the lifespan and we discuss theoretical considerations for designing exercise regimens to optimize bone health. We conclude with suggestions for future research that should help define the osteogenic potential of exercise in older individuals.
The Effects of Cannabis on Inpatient Agitation, Aggression, and Length of Stay

ABSTRACTObjective: This study examines the association between cannabis use and the hospital course of patients admitted to the psychiatric inpatient unit with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder. Many confounding variables potentially contribute to the clinical presentation of hospitalized patients in the psychiatric unit. Illicit drug use, in particular, has been associated with acute agitation, and questions can be raised as to what lasting effects drug use prior to admission may have throughout a patient's hospital stay. Methods: Subjects with a discharge diagnosis of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or psychosis not otherwise specified (N = 201) were retrospectively identified, and those with positive results of urine drug screen for cannabis on admission were compared to negative counterparts. Agitation and aggression were measured using an adaptation of the Excited Component of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-EC). The...
Gang masculinity and high-risk sexual behaviours

High-risk sexual behaviours include practices such as relationship violence and substance use, which often cluster together among young people in high-risk settings. Youth gang members often show high rates of such behaviours, substance use and relationship violence. This paper draws on data from in-depth interviews with male and female gang members from six different gangs to explore the role of powerful socialising peer groups that set gender, sexual and relationship roles and expectations for their male and female members. High-risk sexual behaviours among gang members included sex with multiple partners and group sex. Gang norms included the belief that male members were sexually insatiable with multiple sexual partners and that female gang members should be sexually available to male members. Alcohol and drugs were seen to have a large influence on sexual desire and the inability to use condoms. Much sexual behaviour with gangs, such as group sex, was viewed with ambivalence and seen as somewhat coercive. Finally, gendered sexual expectations (boys as sexually insatiable and girls as sexually available) made forming long-term romantic relationships problematic for gang members. The influence of gang norms such as these must be addressed in future programmes and interventions with gang members.
Reduced risk-taking following disruption of the intraparietal sulcus

Decision makers frequently encounter opportunities to pursue great gains – assuming they are willing to accept greater risks. Previous neuroimaging studies have shown that activity in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the inferior frontal junction (IFJ) are associated with individual preferences for economic risk (“known unknowns,” e.g., a 50% chance of winning $5) and ambiguity (“unknown unknowns,” e.g., an unknown chance of winning $5), respectively. Whether processing in these regions causally enables risk-taking for individual decisions, however, remains unknown. To examine this question, we assessed the decision to engage in risk-taking after disrupting neural processing in the IPS and IFJ of healthy human participants using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. While stimulation of the IFJ resulted in general slowing of decision times, disrupting neural processing within the IPS selectively suppressed risk-taking, biasing choices towards certain options featuring both lower risks and lower expected rewards. Our results are the first to demonstrate the necessity of intact IPS function for choosing uncertain outcomes when faced with calculable risks and rewards. Engagement of IPS during decision making may support a willingness to accept uncertain outcomes for a chance to obtain greater gains.
Segregation analysis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians: evidence for a major-gene effect.

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) has a high prevalence in Pima Indians. The disorder is familial, but the extent to which genetic factors are involved in its etiology is largely unknown. Segregation analysis was used to determine whether familial aggregation of NIDDM in this population could reflect the action of a single major gene. The analysis included 2,697 subjects from 653 nuclear families in which both parents and at least one offspring had been examined in the course of a longitudinal epidemiological study. The REGTL program of the SAGE package was used to fit models in which age at onset of NIDDM is transmitted from parent to offspring under the unified model for segregation analysis. Likelihood-ratio tests were used to test hypotheses related to genetic transmission. The hypothesis of no major effect was strongly rejected (P < .01), as was that of no transmission of the major effect (P < .01). Mendelian transmission was not rejected (P = .91). Similar results were obtained when covariates for obesity and birth cohort were added to the models and when a power transformation of age at onset was estimated. A strong effect of birth cohort with earlier age at onset in the later born cohorts was observed (P < .01). The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a major gene influences the risk for NIDDM in Pima Indians by affecting age at onset. The expression of this gene may depend on environmental factors that have become more prevalent in recent-birth cohorts.
A bifunctional covalent organic framework as an efficient platform for cascade catalysis

A bifunctional covalent organic framework (COF) has been illustrated in the context of partial metalation of a highly porous and chemically robust pyridine containing COF (COF-TpPa-Py) with Pd species and by taking advantage of the base catalytic behavior of pyridine. The resultant bifunctionalized COF exhibits excellent performance in catalyzing one-pot cascade aerobic oxidation–Knoevenagel condensation reactions, outperforming the corresponding homogeneous and porous organic polymer based catalytic systems, thereby opening a new avenue for multifunctional COFs as a promising platform for heterogeneous cascade catalysis.
A Tribute to Henry T. King

Henry King is the reason I'm teaching at Case Western Reserve University School of Law. Over the years he became my mentor, friend, and inspiration.
Gender, Status, and Tax Offenses

Current literature on tax evasion finds that compared to women, men are more likely to engage in tax evasion. This study examines how expectation states theory helps explain this gender difference ...
Very Low Abundance Single-Cell Transcript Quantification with 5-Plex ddPCR TM Assays

Gene expression studies have provided one of the most accessible windows for understanding the molecular basis of cell and tissue phenotypes and how these change in response to stimuli. Current PCR-based and next generation sequencing methods offer great versatility in allowing the focused study of the roles of small numbers of genes or comprehensive profiling of the entire transcriptome of a sample at one time. Marrying of these approaches to various cell sorting technologies has recently enabled the profiling of expression in single cells, thereby increasing the resolution and sensitivity and strengthening the inferences from observed expression levels and changes. This chapter presents a quick and efficient 1-day workflow for sorting single cells with a small laboratory cell-sorter followed by an ultrahigh sensitivity, multiplexed digital PCR method for quantitative tracking of changes in 5-10 genes per single cell.
The Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic of Mass-Market Fiction

This chapter considers contemporary attitudes toward mass-market fiction. Specifically, it examines the so-called book wars of the late twentieth century in order to outline the era’s structure of feeling. On one hand, mass-market fiction becomes a site for more intense experience (the self-entrepreneurship behind reading and writing advocated by figures like Stephen King). Emotions such as vulnerability and uncertainty become heightened. On the other hand, mass-market fiction serves as a site for increasingly detached calculation (the econometrics of bestselling lists and criticism from figures such as Franco Moretti and Harold Bloom). By considering the way society generally talks about mass-market fiction, we might further investigate what sociologist Eva Illouz describes as the “cold intimacy” of the past fifty years.
COMERA: COM extensible remoting architecture

In a distributed object system, remoting architecture refers to the infrastructure that allows client programs to invoke methods on remote server objects in a transparent way. In this paper, we study the strength and limitations of current remoting architecture of COM (Component Object Model), and propose a new architecture called COMERA (COM Extensible Remoting Architecture) to enhance the extensibility and flexibility. We describe several application scenarios and implementations to demonstrate the power of such a componentized remoting architecture.
A case of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura with dilated coronary arteries

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) is one of the most common vasculitides of childhood, with 10–20 cases per 100,000 children. It frequently occurs following an infectious trigger and involves IgA and C3 deposition in small vessel walls. HSP is characterized by palpable purpura plus IgA deposition on biopsy, arthritis/arthralgia, renal involvement (hematuria and/or proteinuria), and/or abdominal pain. It is not generally recognized as a cause of dilated coronary arteries. We describe the first reported case of HSP presenting with dilated coronary arteries. This patient is a nine-year-old previously healthy Caucasian male who presented with 1 week of petechiae on his lower legs, knee and ankle arthritis, and abdominal pain without fever, consistent with HSP. An echocardiogram revealed coronary dilation, including the left main (5.32 mm, Z score + 4.25) and left anterior descending (LAD) (3.51 mm, Z score + 2.64) coronary arteries. He received high dose aspirin, IVIG, and infliximab with normalization of the LAD. Skin biopsy revealed leukocytoclastic vasculitis with positive IgA staining. He was Rhinovirus/Enterovirus positive with Group A Streptococcus on throat culture. Cardiac findings, while rare, can exist in HSP. Coronary dilation appeared to respond to our hospital protocol’s Kawasaki Disease (KD) therapy, possibly indicating an overlap in HSP and KD pathophysiology. This case, along with prior reports of dilated coronaries in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA), highlights the importance of considering other sources of systemic inflammation, in addition to KD, when coronary dilation is identified. The appropriate therapy, follow-up, and prognosis for our patient are not clear, as further studies are needed to determine the natural course of these findings.
Learn From Your (Markov) Neighbor: Coenrollment, Assortativity, and Grade Prediction in Undergraduate Courses

In this paper, we evaluate the complete undergraduate co-enrollment network over a decade of education at a large American public university. We provide descriptive and exploratory analyses of the network, demonstrating that the co-enrollment networks evaluated follow power-law degree distributions similar to many other large-scale networks; that they reveal strong performance-based assortativity; and that network-based features can improve GPA-based student performance predictors. We model the university-wide undergraduate co-enrollment network as an undirected graph, and implement multiple network-augmented approaches to student grade prediction, including an adaption of the structural modelling approach from (Getoor, 2005, Lu, 2003}. We compare the performance of this predictor to traditional methods used for grade prediction in undergraduate university courses, and demonstrate that a multi-view ensembling approach outperforms both prior ``flat'' and network-based models for grade prediction across several classification metrics. These findings demonstrate the usefulness of combining diverse approaches in models of student success, and demonstrate specific network-based modelling strategies that are likely to be most effective for grade prediction.
Human Computation for Image and Video Analysis

The second Workshop on Human Computation for Image and Video Analysis (GroupSight) took place in Quebec City, Canada on October 24, 2017, as part of the fifth AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing (HCOMP). The aim of this workshop was to promote greater interaction between researchers and practitioners who examine how to mix human and computer efforts to convert visual data into discoveries and innovations that benefit society.
Peak-shaving Requirement Analysis Method Based on Sequential Monte-Carlo Simulation for Large Scale Wind Power Integrated System

In this paper, a peak-shaving requirement analysis method based on sequential Monte-Carlo simulation for large scale wind power integrated system is presented after analyzing the influence of large-scale wind power on the peak-shaving feature of power system. This method establishes the time sequence model of wind power and load, as well as the conventional generators of which the planned outage is also being considered as a random variable, and a three-state transfer model is established. Then the peak-shaving shortage indices of large scale wind power integrated system are defined, which can be used to probabilistically evaluate the peak-shaving requirement of the system. The convergence of the method is verified by IEEE-RTS79 system. At last, the method is applied in the real large power system of Jibei power grid in North China.
The Application of International Human Rights Law in Non-International Armed Conflicts: From Rhetoric to Action

Since the end of the Cold War, the world has experienced a decrease in international conflict and a significant increase in non-international armed conflict (niac). Despite this change, however, international law has been very slow in adapting its laws that initially were crafted with international armed conflict in mind to the new niac environment. There is a growing recognition that international humanitarian law (ihl) is not well equipped to deal with issues of human rights violations committed during niac. New efforts to make international human rights law (ihrl) applicable in such conflicts have, however, raised more questions than answers. There is still no consensus on whether international human rights law applies to niac. Furthermore, the question on whether non-international armed groups are bound by international human rights obligations remains controversial. This article tries to analyze where international law stands now of these questions. It proposes steps international law could follow to move from its current rhetoric to a more practical solution on these questions. The three solutions proposed are: individual agreements to respect human rights during armed conflict, the possibility of an icj advisory opinion and the option of a protocol additional to international human rights treaties relating to their application in niac.
The influence of mood and information processing strategies on recall, persuasion, and intention to get a flu vaccine.

AbstractThis study investigates the interactions between mood (positive/negative) and information processing style (item-specific/relational/narrative processing) on responses to three types of adv...
Current Priorities in Campus Recreation: A Multi-Institutional Study of Strategic Plans:

Strategic planning is a proactive process of analyzing an organization to identify the organization’s values, mission, vision, goals, and objectives. Within campus recreation, research has focused ...
Outpatient and inpatient readmission rates of 3- and 4-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgeries.

OBJECTIVE With the costs related to the United States medical system constantly rising, efforts are being made to turn traditional inpatient procedures into outpatient same-day surgeries. In this study the authors looked at the various comorbidities and perioperative complications and their impact on readmission rates of patients undergoing outpatient versus inpatient 3- and 4-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). METHODS This was a retrospective study of 337 3- and 4- level ACDF procedures in 332 patients (5 patients had both primary and revision surgeries that were included in this total of 337 procedures) between May 2012 and June 2017. In total, 331 procedures were analyzed, as 6 patients were lost to follow-up. Outpatient surgery was performed for 299 procedures (102 4-level procedures and 197 3-level procedures), and inpatient surgery was performed for 32 procedures (11 4-level procedures and 21 3-level procedures). Age, sex, comorbidities, number of fusion levels, pain level, and perioperative complications were compared between both cohorts. RESULTS Analysis was performed for 331 3- and 4-level ACDF procedures done at 6 different hospitals. The overall 30-day readmission rate was 1.2% (outpatient 3 [1.0%] vs inpatient 1 [3.1%], p = 0.847). Outpatients had increased readmission risk, with comorbidities of coronary artery disease (OR 1.058, p = 0.039), autoimmune disease (OR 1.142, p = 0.006), diabetes (OR 1.056, p = 0.001), and chronic kidney disease (OR 0.933, p = 0.035). Perioperative complications of delirium (OR 2.709, p < 0.001) and surgical site infection (OR 2.709, p < 0.001) were associated with increased risk of 30-day hospital readmission in outpatients compared to inpatients. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the safety and effectiveness of 3- and 4-level ACDF surgery, although various comorbidities and perioperative complications may lead to higher readmission rates. Patient selection for outpatient 3- and 4-level ACDF cases might play a role in the safety of performing these procedures in the ambulatory setting, but further studies are needed to accurately identify which factors are most pertinent for appropriate selection.
Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease and Anemia on Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization.

Few studies have evaluated outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with both anemia (hemoglobin
Converting a Face-To-Face Introductory Research Methods Course to an Online Format: Pedagogical Issues and Technological Tools

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a step-by-step conversion of a face-to-face (F2F) entry level social work research methods course to a computer-mediated format. An overview of teaching practices and th...
Functional typological approach to Shawi indeterminate pronouns

This study describes the formation of indeterminate pronouns in Shawi, which is a class of proforms that can have interrogative, indefinite, and free relative senses. These interpretations are only distinguished through a class of clitics, e.g. ma’=ta (what, relative what), ma’=sha (something), ma=nta (nothing). The first of these can be further modified to ma’ta=ka (rhetorical what) and ma’=tana (whatever). As in other languages, this class of proforms can be categorized into a paradigm in which each member represents a general concept like person (who), thing (what), place (where), time (when), manner (how), etc. Comparing these forms reveals further internal structure. As such, Shawi indeterminate pronouns are analyzed and the clitics that can modify their interpretation are discussed.
The biomechanics of subscapularis repair in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: The effect of lateralization and insertion site.

Functional outcomes of subscapularis (SSc) repair following reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) remains controversial. SSc repair in combination with glenosphere lateralization was reported to yield worse clinical outcomes compared with the non-lateralized glenosphere. The aim of this biomechanical study was to investigate how glenosphere lateralization and different re-insertion sites can affect the biomechanics of the SSc after RSA. Nine patient-specific RSA shoulder models were created from patients' computed tomography scans. Moment arms and SSc length were calculated for abduction, forward flexion, and internal rotation in 20° and 90° abduction for three configurations of glenosphere lateralization (standard/+0, +5, and +10 mm) and three SSc repair sites (native, superior, and inferior) and compared with the native shoulder. When compared with the native shoulder, RSA resulted in large adducting SSc moment arms that were antagonistic to the deltoid. Glenosphere lateralization had no effect on SSc moment arms in any motion. However, lateralization increased SSc tension beyond its anatomic length for +5 and +10 mm of lateralization when attached to its native insertion. A superior SSc repair site created the least adductive moment arm as well as the least amount of SSc lengthening. Increased glenosphere lateralization showed a significant increase in the SSc length, which in combination with its adductive moment arm can be antagonistic to deltoid function. However, a superior SSc repair site may help reduce the adductive SSc moment arm and allow for reduced tension on the repair as its length in that location is less than that of the native SSc. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:888-894, 2020.
Partnerships in Procurement 4.0

In the vision of procurement 4.0, suppliers become partners in the transformation and a fundamental component of organizational transition. When 40–80% of operating costs go on supplies, to work as a team with partners is fundamental in procurement 4.0. This includes the contribution of partners as a substantial component. In this view, vendor rating is seen as a process that starts with procurement marketing and ends with the final evaluation of the contribution of the partners. This fundamental process is detailed in this chapter.
Concrete Scale Models, Essential Idealization, and Causal Explanation

AbstractThis paper defends three claims about concrete or physical models: (i) these models remain important in science and engineering, (ii) they are often essentially idealized, in a sense to be ...
Charge Pump Gate Drive to Reduce Turn-ON Switching Loss of SiC MOSFETs

Turn- on loss is the dominant part of the switching loss for SiC MOSFET s in hard switching. Reducing turn- on loss with conventional voltage source gate drives (VSGs) is difficult because of the limited gate voltage rating and large internal gate resistance of SiC MOSFET s. A charge pump gate drive (CPG) that can reduce the turn- on loss is presented in this article. By precharging the charge-storage capacitor in the gate drive with a charge pump circuit, the gate drive output voltage is pumped up to provide higher gate current during the turn- on transient. As a result, the turn- on time and loss is decreased. Moreover, due to the charge transfer from the charge-storage capacitor to the MOSFET gate capacitance, the pumped output voltage can naturally drop back to a normal value that avoids gate overcharging. The structure of the gate drive is simple, and no additional control is needed. The operation of the proposed CPG is verified with double pulse tests based on SiC MOSFET s. The switching loss of the proposed CPG is reduced by up to 71.7% compared to the conventional VSG at full load condition.
Iodosodalite synthesis with hot isostatic pressing of precursors produced from aqueous and hydrothermal processes

Abstract Iodosodalite powders were synthesized using aqueous (70 °C) and hydrothermal (180 °C) methods and then hot isostatically pressed (HIP), without or with (10 or 20 mass%) sodium borosilicate glass binders, at 900 °C and 175 MPa for 3 h to convert into glass-bonded iodosodalite waste forms. After HIPing, comparisons were made of the structures, compositions, morphologies, porosities, and chemical durabilities of the iodosodalite samples produced through aqueous and hydrothermal methods. X-ray diffraction patterns of HIPed samples showed that iodosodalite remained as the dominant phase. However, the iodosodalite phase concentrations decreased after HIPing, indicating iodosodalite decomposition (or amorphization) during the HIP process. Scanning electron microscopy and elemental mapping analyses on cross sections of HIPed samples showed homogeneous elemental distributions for aqueous-grown iodosodalite, whereas hydrothermally grown iodosodalite samples had greater heterogeneity and porosity. The densities of HIPed samples with more glass binder were generally higher than samples HIPed without binder. The leach tests on samples containing 20 mass% glass binder showed that the iodine dissolution rate of HIPed hydrothermally grown iodosodalite was about 4 × higher than iodosodalite grown with the aqueous method. This study provides alternative techniques for immobilizing iodine streams in iodosodalite waste forms.
Yahweh before Israel: Glimpses of History in a Divine Name

Yahweh is the proper name of the biblical God. His early character is central to understanding the foundations of Jewish, Christian, and Islamic monotheism. As a deity, the name appears only in connection with the peoples of the Hebrew Bible, but long before Israel, the name is found in an Egyptian list as one group in the land of tent-dwellers, the Shasu. This is the starting-point for Daniel E. Fleming's sharply new approach to the god Yahweh. In his analysis, the Bible's 'people of Yahweh' serve as a clue to how one of the Bronze Age herding peoples of the inland Levant gave its name to a deity, initially outside of any relationship to Israel. For 150 years, the dominant paradigm for Yahweh's origin has envisioned borrowing from peoples of the desert south of Israel. Fleming argues in contrast that Yahweh was not taken from outsiders. Rather, this divine name is evidence for the diverse background of Israel itself.
Emergency department utilization by gynecologic cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: unintended improvements in the selective use of emergency care?

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency department (ED) utilization by gynecologic oncology patients in a large academic cancer center. Methods: Institutional data were captured from the EMR for the first 4 months of the US COVID-19 pandemic (March-June 2020) and compared to a historical control (March-June 2019). Data were collected from three major hospitals within an urban academic health system. Patients were identified as those with a gynecologic cancer diagnosis and active treatment (chemotherapy and/or radiation) within the prior 180 days of ED encounter, with an outpatient oncology visit within the last 90 days. Data including number and location of emergency department visits, admission outcomes, primary ICD-10 emergency department diagnosis, payer type, and patient demographics were collected. Descriptive statistics were performed. Results: Gynecologic oncology patients were significantly less likely to present to the ED for care during the first 4 months of COVID-19 (n=91) when compared to a historical control (n=144), p Conclusions: Fewer gynecologic cancer patients presented to the ED during the COVID-19 pandemic, and those presenting had increased rates of indicated and complex care requirements. The concurrent stability in the outpatient urgent care center volume highlights a potential role for more stringent patient triaging to improve healthcare utilization in this vulnerable population going forward.
Institutional Context & Mass Market Innovation: Perspectives from Visionary Leadership & Institutional Entrepreneurship

Mass markets in emerging economies are considered to be the largest untapped markets on earth with substantial business opportunities. Emerging economies are characterized by weak institutional context. How to manage the institutional challenge to innovate remains largely unexplored in the literature. Focusing on the product innovation for India’s masses with the creation of indigenous digital telecom switches by C-DoT, our analysis reveal the sheer importance of visionary leadership and institutional entrepreneurship to achieve innovations with required affordability and acceptability criteria. The lesson from this case study has significant implications for managers of aspiring companies intending to serve emerging markets.
Asymptotic Behavior of Partial Sums: A More Robust Approach Via Trimming and Self-Normalization

If X1, X2, X3, ...,are independent, identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables and \(S_n = \sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^n {X_i }\) otes the nth partial sum, then limit theorems such as the law of large numbers (LLN), the central limit theorem (CLT), and the law of the iterated logarithm (LIL) all involve a strong interplay between the maximal terms of the sample.{|X 1|,...,|X n|} and the asymptotic behavior of the partial sum S n . Indeed, what is shown in the proofs of the classical formulation of each of these results is that the maximal or extreme terms of the sample are negligible in a sense required for the corresponding theorem. Furthermore, since the assumptions sufficient to prove the classical version of each of these results are also necessary, we see that extensions of these limit theorems will likely require methods that nullify or at least limit the effect of the extreme terms.
Additional shear resistance from fault roughness and stress levels on geometrically complex faults

[1] The majority of crustal faults host earthquakes when the ratio of average background shear stress τb to effective normal stress σeff is τb/σeff≈0.6. In contrast, mature plate-boundary faults like the San Andreas Fault (SAF) operate at τb/σeff≈0.2. Dynamic weakening, the dramatic reduction in frictional resistance at coseismic slip velocities that is commonly observed in laboratory experiments, provides a leading explanation for low stress levels on mature faults. Strongly velocity-weakening friction laws permit rupture propagation on flat faults above a critical stress level τpulse/σeff≈0.25. Provided that dynamic weakening is not restricted to mature faults, the higher stress levels on most faults are puzzling. In this work, we present a self-consistent explanation for the relatively high stress levels on immature faults that is compatible with low coseismic frictional resistance, from dynamic weakening, for all faults. We appeal to differences in structural complexity with the premise that geometric irregularities introduce resistance to slip in addition to frictional resistance. This general idea is quantified for the special case of self-similar fractal roughness of the fault surface. Natural faults have roughness characterized by amplitude-to-wavelength ratios α between 10−3 and 10−2. Through a second-order boundary perturbation analysis of quasi-static frictionless sliding across a band-limited self-similar interface in an ideally elastic solid, we demonstrate that roughness induces an additional shear resistance to slip, or roughness drag, given by τdrag=8π3α2G∗Δ/λmin, for G∗=G/(1−ν) with shear modulus Gand Poisson's ratio ν, slip Δ, and minimum roughness wavelength λmin. The influence of roughness drag on fault mechanics is verified through an extensive set of dynamic rupture simulations of earthquakes on strongly rate-weakening fractal faults with elastic-plastic off-fault response. The simulations suggest that fault rupture, in the form of self-healing slip pulses, becomes probable above a background stress level τb≈τpulse+τdrag. For the smoothest faults (α∼10−3), τdrag is negligible compared to frictional resistance, so that τb≈τpulse≈0.25σeff. However, on rougher faults (α∼10−2), roughness drag can exceed frictional resistance. We expect that τdrag ultimately departs from the predicted scaling when roughness-induced stress perturbations activate pervasive off-fault inelastic deformation, such that background stress saturates at a limit (τb≈0.6σeff) determined by the finite strength of the off-fault material. We speculate that this strength, and not the much smaller dynamically weakened frictional strength, determines the stress levels at which the majority of faults operate.
Physical restraint among hospitalized nursing home residents: Predictors and outcomes

We examined physical restraint use among 1856 nursing home residents hospitalized with hip fracture using a data set of hip fracture patients in 20 U. S. hospitals from 1983-1993. Mean age of patients was 85.2 years, 81.7% were women, and 91.3% were white. Rate of physical restraint use was 59.4%. Pre-operative physical restraint use was predicted by younger age, confusion, dementia, and needing assistance or dependency in activities of daily living (ADL). Physical restraint use following surgery was predicted by pre-operative physical restraint use, confusion, dementia, and lower co-morbidity of illness. At hospital discharge, restrained patients were more likely to be dependent in ADL and continence. The reduction of physical restraints among hospitalized nursing home residents will require attention to a multiplicity of factors that contribute to restraint use.
Author Self-disclosure Compared with Pharmaceutical Company Reporting of Physician Payments.

Abstract Background Industry manufacturers are required by the Sunshine Act to disclose payments to physicians. These data recently became publicly available, but some manufacturers prereleased their data since 2009. We tested the hypotheses that there would be discrepancies between manufacturers' and physicians' disclosures. Methods The financial disclosures by authors of all 39 American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guidelines between 2009 and 2012 were matched to the public disclosures of 15 pharmaceutical companies during that same period. Duplicate authors across guidelines were assessed independently. Per the guidelines, payments Results The overall agreement between author and company disclosure was poor (κ = 0.238). There was a significant difference in error rates of disclosure among companies and authors ( P = .019). Of disclosures by authors, companies failed to match them with an error rate of 71.6%. Of disclosures by companies, authors failed to match them with an error rate of 54.7%. Conclusions Our analysis shows a concerning level of disagreement between guideline authors' and pharmaceutical companies' disclosures. Without ability for physicians to challenge reports, it is unclear whether these discrepancies reflect undisclosed relationships with industry or errors in reporting, and caution should be advised in interpretation of data from the Sunshine Act.