cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
System theoretic time series: An application to inventories and prices of California range cattle

Abstract Masano Aoki proposed a method for modeling multivariate time series based on recent developments in state space modeling techniques. The technique exploits certain features of Hankel matrices to determine system order, utilizes symplectic matrices to solve the moving average updating problem non-iteratively, and employs the balanced representation to obtain states with certain desirable properties. After a brief overview of the procedure, we consider the importance of proper scaling of the data and report on the relation between an autocorrelation version of the procedure and one due to Akaike. The scaled version is then applied to four monthly cattle series, two prices and two inventories. These series are highly seasonal, providing an opportunity to evaluate the formal approximation methodology inherent in the state space modeling procedure in contrast to the alternative procedure of separately identifying seasonal and nonseasonal models. We judge the out sample forecasts to be both useful and surprisingly accurate.
Recovery of Rubber and Cotton from Uncured Tire Ply Scrap Extraction Process

Abstract A new method for reclaiming uncured tire ply scrap is described. This is an application of the familiar solvent-extraction process. It possesses several advantages over the other methods of separating the rubber and cotton fabric in the scrap, particularly from the standpoint of waste of materials, for both the cotton and the rubber are completely reclaimed without deterioration. If the process is to have wide application, however, means must be devised for utilizing the dilute rubber cement produced. THE utilization of tire trims has always been a difficult problem. Composed of uncured rubber and long staple cotton, their value is considerable. Certain quantities, after being broken down on a mill, can be used in bead covers, flaps, shoe soles, and mats without detrimental effects. The Dunlop Rubber Company (2) has been granted a patent covering a composition of uncured ply scrap, ground scrap, etc., to be used in the manufacture of objects of fibrous rubber.
Cardiac effects of succinyldicholine and succinylmonocholine

The present study evaluated possible contribution of succinylmonocholine in producing serious cardiovascular effects with or without succinyldicholine, using albino rabbits as the experimental animal. Forty-eight experiments were performed, 22 in vivo and 26 in vitro (Langendort heart).
MO‐F‐WAB‐06: Validation Framework and Benchmarking for Markerless Tumor Trajectory Estimation

Purpose: To develop a validation framework for markerless tumor trajectory estimation algorithms and use this framework to optimize markerless tumor trajectory estimation in cone beam CT (CBCT) projections. Methods: Fiducial markers implanted in and near the tumor in six lung cancer patients were segmented in CBCT projections and the 3D marker trajectories were reconstructed. A correction based on the tumor position in the reconstructed CBCT, the tumor‐to‐marker displacement (T‐M) was added to the marker trajectory to generate the reference tumor trajectory. Four combinations of T‐M based on two marker segmentation methods and two tumor position measurement methods were evaluated. Since T‐M is expected to be fairly stable from day to day, optimal T‐M was evaluated based on day‐to‐day variability. For markerless tracking, three means of generating templates for 2D registration (a cylindrical template, expanded gross tumor volume (Ex‐GTV), and Ex‐GTV with padding to override non‐target edges (padded template)) were compared using the validation framework. A constraint method was also implemented to regularize the 2D registration. Results: The optimal T‐M was generated by planning CT to CBCT registration of the target volume along with marker segmentation from the projections. The mean (standard deviation) absolute registration error in five patients using the three different template methods were 5.3 (6.5) mm for the Ex‐GTV template, 6.1 (6.4) mm for the cylinder template, and 3.5 (5.0) for the padded template. The 90% error level was 12.4, 13.3, and 7.9 mm for the three methods, respectively. The mean registration error was reduced further to 2.1 (2.5) mm (90% error of 4.3 mm) with the constraint method. Conclusion: A validation framework for markerless trajectory measurement was optimized. The padded template method with constraints agreed best with the implanted marker trajectories. E Weiss receives research support from Varian Medical Systems.
Dietary fat reduction to reduce prostate cancer risk: controlled enthusiasm, learning a lesson from breast or other cancers, and the big picture.

Abstract Breast and prostate cancer share similar intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. Based on laboratory, ecologic/international comparison, and case-control studies, the impact of dietary fat or other fat subtypes has been suggested as a potential route to reduce risk. Recent large-scale prospective studies have failed to find an association between fat and breast cancer risk. These studies may provide some insight for researchers examining the relation between fat and prostate cancer. Prospective studies to date have also failed to find a consistent association between prostate cancer and fat intake. Some fat subtypes (eg, saturated fat) or other lifestyle changes (eg, obesity, physical activity) may affect risk and progression of these cancers when examining the sum total of the research, but more precise and specific investigations in humans are needed to address these issues. Other concerns, such as the impact of excess energy or overall caloric consumption on carcinogenesis, still need to be addressed, as well as other methodologic limitations of past investigations. Large gaps exist in environmental (eg, diet, lifestyle) and heritable causes of these diseases. Regardless, until more extensive research is completed, lifestyle changes should be recommended based on reducing morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease—the number 1 cause of death in the United States. Additionally, cardiovascular disease remains the number 1 or 2 cause of death in patients diagnosed with breast or prostate cancer. Practical and simple dietary changes should be encouraged by health professionals because they could improve the overall longevity and quality of patients’ lives. Numerous ongoing prospective studies of diet and cancer should provide researchers and the public with much-needed answers in this area.
Photoacoustic correlation spectroscopy for calibration-free absolute quantification of particle concentration

Currently, laser fluence calibration is typically required for quantitative measurement of particle concentration in photoacoustic microscopy. In this paper, we present another quantitative approach to measure absolute absorber concentrations by photoacoustic correlation spectroscopy. The proposed method is based on the fact that the Brownian motion induces particle count fluctuation in the detection volume. We first derived a theoretical model for photoacoustic signals and then applied our method to quantitative measurement of different concentrations of various particles. The experimental results agreed well with the predictions from the theoretical model, suggesting that our method can be used for absolute particle concentrations measurement.
Abstract 4581: A novel modular polymer platform for the treatment of oral and head and neck carcinoma

Objective: Head and neck Squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is difficult to resect completely by surgery due to complicated context and therefore exhibits high recurrence rate in the patient. To reduce tumor recurrence after surgery, we developed a biodegradable polymer to deliver CCL21 cytokine and cisplatin, and evaluate its efficacy in a partially resected xenograft animal model of HNSCC. Study Design: in vivo study. Setting: Academic research laboratory. Subjects and Methods: After xenograft HNSCC tumors were established by subcutaneous injection, C3H/HeJ mice underwent surgery to debulk their tumors to a size of 0.5x0.5x0.5 cm3 and received different polymer implantation. For cytokine studies, mice were grouped into: (1) no polymer; (2) plain polymer; (3) plain polymer with intratumoral injection of recombinant CCL21 twice a week; (4) polymer containing parental dendritic cells; (5) polymer containing dendritic cells secreting CCL21 (DC-CCL21). For cisplatin studies, mice were randomized to receive implantation of (1) no polymer; (2) plain polymer; (3) plain polymer with local cisplatin injection; (4) cisplatin polymer. The two groups of mice implanted with cisplatin polymer or no polymer were further randomized to receive (1) 4 Grays external beam radiation for 4 days; (2) no radiation. Tumor size was measured until the mice were euthanized. At necropsy, the tumors were excised and weighed. Results: Our results using this novel polymer platform demonstrate a significant reduction in tumor growth. The DC-CCL21 polymer reduced SCCVII/SF tumors in the C3H/HeJ mice by over 41% compared to the control groups (p Conclusion: Herein we demonstrate the efficacy of a novel polymer platform in delivering cisplatin and cytokines to a partially resected SCC in a murine model. We also demonstrate that we can effectively grow dendritic cells in the polymer that can actively secrete CCL21. Our results indicate that this polymer may represent a new therapeutic modality for patients with HNSCC. Once this polymer platform is optimized we will plan for validation in the context of a prospective trial in patients with unresectable advanced or recurrent HNSCC. Citation Format: Yuan Lin, Sherven Sharma, Steven M. Dubinett, Ben Wu, Maie St. John. A novel modular polymer platform for the treatment of oral and head and neck carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4581. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4581
QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS SEQUESTRATION IN LARGE LIPOSOMES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON PLANT PROTOPLASTS

1. Introduction Large liposomes have been shown to entrap RNA and DNA molecules ([l-5] and references therein). When incubated with living cells, nucleic acids seques- tered in lipid vesicles were also shown to be efficiently transferred into cellular compartments where they became functionally expressed. For instance, polio- virus RNA included in LG-phosphatidyl-L-serine (PS) large unilamellar liposomes (LUV) transfected mammalian cells at high frequency [I]. Similarly, the
Footprinting and circular dichroism studies on paromomycin binding to the packaging region of human immunodeficiency virus type-1.

Abstract We have studied the interaction of the aminoglycoside drug, paromomycin, with a 171-mer from the packaging region of HIV-1 (ψ-RNA), using quantitative footprinting and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The footprinting autoradiographic data were obtained by cutting end-labeled RNA with RNase I or RNase T1 in the presence of varying paromomycin concentrations. Scanning the autoradiograms produced footprinting plots showing cleavage intensities for specific sites on the ψ-RNA as functions of drug concentration. Footprinting plots showing binding were analyzed using a two-state model to give apparent binding constants for specific sites of the ψ-RNA. These plots show that the highest-affinity paromomycin binding site involves nucleotides near bulges in the main stem and SL-1, and other nucleotides in SL-4 of the ψ-RNA. RNase I gives an apparent value of K for this drug site of ∼1.7×10 5 M −1 while RNase T1 reports a value of K of ∼8×10 4 M −1 (10 mM Tris HCl, pH 7). Footprinting shows that loading the highest affinity site with paromomycin causes structural changes in the single-stranded linker regions, between the stem-loops and main stem and the loops of SL-1 and SL-3. Drug-induced structural changes also affect the intensity of the 208 nm band in the circular dichroism spectrum of the ψ-RNA. Fitting the changes in CD band intensity to a two-state model yielded a binding constant for the highest-affinity drug site of 6×10 6 M −1 . Thus, the binding constants from footprinting are lower than those obtained for the highest-affinity site from the circular dichroism spectrum, and lower than those earlier obtained using absorption spectroscopy (Sullivan, J. M.; Goodisman, J.; Dabrowiak, J. C., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett . 2002, 12 , 615). The discrepancy may be due to competitive binding between drug and cleavage agent in the footprinting experiments, but other explanations are discussed. In addition to revealing sites of binding and regions of drug-induced structural change, footprinting showed that the loop regions of SL-1, SL-3 and SL-4 are exposed in the RNA, whereas the linker region between SL-1 and SL-2 is ‘buried’ and not accessible to cutting by RNase I or RNase T1.
A novel technique for morphometric quantification of subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced microglia activation

Background Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a neurologic catastrophe and poor outcome is typically attributed to vasospasm; however, there is also evidence that SAH causes a pro-inflammatory state and these two phenomena may be interrelated. SAH causes activation of microglia, but the time course and degree of microglial activation after SAH and its link to poor patient outcome and vasospasm remains unknown.
Comparison Study Of Non-Linear Filters In Image And Signal Processing Applications

This study presents a summary of application of non-linear filters in signal processing, based on robust estimation theory. Non-linear filters are used in many applications including speech and image processing, mainly because of their ability to suppress noise and preserve signal features such as edges. This is a property that linear filters do not have. In the past several years, many types of non-linear filters have been propsed. However, each of these filters shows optimal smoothing efficiency only for a specific type of noise or a specific type of image. In order to further apply these filters in speech and image processing properly, it is important to conduct a review and analysis of all these filters and give an objective evaluation of their performance. Based upon the point estimation theory, three classes of estimations can be distinguished, namely L-estimators, which are based on linear combination of order statistics; R-estimators, which are derived from rank tests; and M-estimators - maximum likelyhood estimators. The first part of the work carried out in this study is classification of various approaches of non-linear filters in these three types of estimators according to the behavior of the filter itself. The second part is the computer implementation of all the filters discussed. Finally the summary of experimental results are presented.© (1988) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
User Cooperation Through Network Coding

Most user cooperation protocols work in a timesharing manner, where each user transmits its own message and relays for the other at different segments of a time slot. We develop a new scheme to send these messages simultaneously using network coding. We show that network coding is more tolerant to poor inter-user channels than time-sharing, and achieves a better overall performance. We generalize the scheme to a multi-user, multi-slot cooperation framework. Under this framework, we show that the network coding scheme reaps a better diversity order and provides a better effective inter-user channel than time-sharing schemes.
Nano Science and Engineering in Solid Mechanics

ABSTRACT According to National Science Foundation (NSF) Director A. Bement, ‘Transformative research is … research driven by ideas that stand a reasonable chance of radically changing our understanding of an important existing scientific concept or leading to the creation of a new paradigm or field of science. … is also characterized by its challenge to current understanding or its pathway to new frontiers.’ Nanotechnology is one of such frontiers. It is the creation of new materials, devices and systems at the molecular level — phenomena associated with atomic and molecular interactions strongly influence macroscopic material properties with significantly improved mechanical, optical, chemical, electrical … properties. Former NSF Director Rita Colwell in 2002 declared, ‘nanoscale technology will have an impact equal to the Industrial Revolution'. The transcendent technologies include nanotechnology, microelectronics, information technology and biotechnology as well as the enabling and supporting mechanical and civil infrastructure systems and materials. These technologies are the primary drivers of the twenty first century and the new economy. Mechanics is an essential element in all of the transcendent technologies. Research opportunities, education and challenges in mechanics, including experimental, numerical and analytical methods in nanomechanics, carbon nano-tubes, bio-inspired materials, fuel cells, as well as improved engineering and design of materials are presented and discussed in this paper.
The CDK Network: Linking Cycles of Cell Division and Gene Expression.

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play essential roles in cell proliferation and gene expression. Although distinct sets of CDKs work in cell division and transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II), they share a CDK-activating kinase (CAK), which is itself a CDK—Cdk7—in metazoans. Thus a unitary CDK network controls and may coordinate cycles of cell division and gene expression. Recent work reveals decisive roles for Cdk7 in both pathways. The CAK function of Cdk7 helps determine timing of activation and cyclin-binding preferences of different CDKs during the cell cycle. In the transcription cycle, Cdk7 is both an effector kinase, which phosphorylates Pol II and other proteins and helps establish promoter-proximal pausing; and a CAK for Cdk9 (P-TEFb), which releases Pol II from the pause. By governing the transition from initiation to elongation, Cdk7, Cdk9 and their substrates influence expression of genes important for developmental and cell-cycle decisions, and ensure co-transcriptional maturation of Pol II transcripts. Cdk7 engaged in transcription also appears to be regulated by phosphorylation within its own activation (T) loop. Here I review recent studies of CDK regulation in cell division and gene expression, and propose a model whereby mitogenic signals trigger a cascade of CDK T-loop phosphorylation that drives cells past the restriction (R) point, when continued cell-cycle progression becomes growth factor-independent. Because R-point control is frequently deregulated in cancer, the CAK-CDK pathway is an attractive target for chemical inhibition aimed at impeding the inappropriate commitment to cell division.
For whose benefit? Politics and sickle cell.

(1974). For Whose Benefit? Politics and Sickle Cell. The Black Scholar: Vol. 5, Black Health, pp. 26-31.
Hypocholesterolemic effects induced in the rat by specific types of fatty acid unsaturation.

The comparative effects of specific types of fatty acid unsaturation were tested in adult hypercholesterolemic rats. Test lipid mixtures were adjusted to have iodine values of 40 to 41 and this total unsaturation was supplied by oleate (0), linoleate (L2), linolenate (L3), arachidonate (A4) or a concentrate of eicosapen- taenoate and docosahexaenoate (P5-H6). Tallow was the major source of fat calories and L2,L3,A4and P5-H8represented, respectively, 7.5, 5.0, 4.1 and 4.0% of the dietary fat. Plasma cholesterol levels continued to rise in the 0-fed rats and the palmitate controls, whereas L2 and LÂiinhibited further changes in the hypercholesterolemia of the rats. Only the unsaturation from the higher homologues, A4 and Ps-H6, ex hibited significant hypocholesterolemic effects and lowered myocardial lipid levels. Changes in the distributions of polyunsaturated acids in the heart are apparently more dependent upon the available types of unsaturated acids than the actual pool size of such acids. Exogenous cholesterol, per se, promoted the onset of hypercho lesterolemia in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Three responses of these rats to treatments with polyunsaturated fatty acids are discussed.
Dissecting DNA hypermethylation in cancer

There is compelling evidence to support the importance of DNA methylation alterations in cancer development. Both losses and gains of DNA methylation are observed, thought to contribute pathophysiologically by inactivating tumor suppressor genes, inducing chromosomal instability and ectopically activating gene expression. Lesser known are the causes of aberrant DNA methylation. Recent studies have pointed out that intrinsic gene susceptibility to DNA methylation, environmental factors and gene function all have an intertwined participation in this process. Overall, these data support a deterministic rather than a stochastic mechanism for de novo DNA methylation in cancer. In this review article, we discuss the technologies available to study DNA methylation and the endogenous and exogenous factors that influence the onset of de novo methylation in cancer.
Suppression of Plasmodium chabaudi Parasitemia Is Independent of the Action of Reactive Oxygen Intermediates and/or Nitric Oxide

The killing of blood-stage malaria parasites in vivo has been attributed to reactive intermediates of oxygen (ROI) and of nitrogen (RNI). However, in the case of the latter, this contention is challenged by recent observations that parasitemia was not exacerbated in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) knockout (KO) (NOS2−/− or NOS3−/−) mice or in mice treated with NOS inhibitors. We now report that the time course shows that Plasmodium chabaudi parasitemia in NADPH oxidase KO (p47phox−/−) mice also was not exacerbated, suggesting a minimal role for ROI-mediated killing of blood-stage parasites. It is possible that the production of protective antibodies during malaria may mask the function of ROI and/or RNI. However, parasitemia in B-cell-deficient JH−/− × NOS2−/− or JH−/− × p47phox−/− mice was not exacerbated. In contrast, the magnitude of peak parasitemia was significantly enhanced in p47phox−/− mice treated with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol, but the duration of patent parasitemia was not prolonged. Whereas the time course of parasitemia in NOS2−/− × p47phox−/− mice was nearly identical to that seen in normal control mice, allopurinol treatment of these double-KO mice also enhanced the magnitude of peak parasitemia. Thus, ROI generated via the xanthine oxidase pathway contribute to the control of ascending P. chabaudi parasitemia during acute malaria but alone are insufficient to suppress parasitemia to subpatent levels. Together, these results indicate that ROI or RNI can contribute to, but are not essential for, the suppression of parasitemia during blood-stage malaria.
Interaction of phencyclidine with drugs affecting cholinergic neurotransmission

Abstract Locomotor activity induced by phencyclidine was studied in combination with a number of cholinergic-acting drugs (atropine, methyl atropine and physostigmine). Atropine, but not the methyl form. potentiated the phencyclidne-induced activity. Physostigmine blocked the phencyclidine-induced activity at all dosages studied. These findings support the involvement of cholinergic receptors in the effects of phencyclidine and address several clinical pharmacology considerations in the treatment of phencyclidine toxicity.
Vision for liquid architecture

In the liquid architecture project, we are exploring ways in which architectural flexibility can be exploited to improve the execution properties of individual applications. Here, we report on successes we have had to date in this area, and present our vision of where this research should proceed into the future.
Isoform-specific targeting of PKA to multivesicular bodies.

Although RII protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunits are constitutively localized to discrete cellular compartments through binding to A-kinase–anchoring proteins (AKAPs), RI subunits are primarily diffuse in the cytoplasm. In this paper, we report a novel AKAP-dependent localization of RIα to distinct organelles, specifically, multivesicular bodies (MVBs). This localization depends on binding to AKAP11, which binds tightly to free RIα or RIα in complex with catalytic subunit (holoenzyme). However, recruitment to MVBs occurs only with the release of PKA catalytic subunit (PKAc). This recruitment is reversed by reassociation with PKAc, and it is disrupted by the presence of AKAP peptides, mutations in the RIα AKAP-binding site, or knockdown of AKAP11. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate binding not only unleashes active PKAc but also leads to the targeting of AKAP11:RIα to MVBs. Therefore, we show that the RIα holoenzyme is part of a signaling complex with AKAP11, in which AKAP11 may direct RIα functionality after disassociation from PKAc. This model defines a new paradigm for PKA signaling.
Trophic ecology of the Lake Superior wave zone : a stable isotope approach

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratio analyses were used to characterize the primary energy sources and trophic positions of 16 common Lake Superior wave zone invertebrate species. Isotope data from six tributary species that were taxonomically and ecologically matched with common wave zone species revealed broad energetic separation between these similarly structured benthic food webs. Previously published stable isotope data for Lake Superior wetland and pelagic food webs were used to assess the relative importance of inter-habitat energy flow within the Lake Superior ecosystem. The results of these comparisons indicate that the Lake Superior wave zone is energetically distinct from its tributaries, wetlands, and to a lesser extent from its vast pelagic realm. This information and approach should prove useful in future studies on the bioenergetics of inter-zonal migrants and other species that forage in multiple habitats within the lake and also in revealing energetic connections among terrestrial, riverine, littoral, and pelagic food webs in the coastal ecosystems of Lake Superior.
Utilizing Ecological Momentary Assessment in Pediatric Obesity to Quantify Behavior, Emotion, and Sleep

This study examined the feasibility of using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to examine important domains relevant to interregulatory health processes in overweight adolescent females in their natural environments. Participants were 20 overweight adolescent females engaged in a cognitive–behavioral and motivational interviewing intervention aimed at weight loss and improving mood (11–19 years old, 80% white, 15% African American, mean BMI = 39). During this EMA protocol, participants were asked to report their physical activity (PA), nutrition, mood, and sleep during 14 cellular phone calls over three extended weekends (Thursday to Monday). Simultaneously, participants wore an actigraph (armband and watch communicator) that provided instantaneous PA feedback (steps taken and kilocalories) and sleep parameters (duration and efficiency). EMA compliance rates for the armband and phone calls were 74.7 ± 0.3% and 64.2 ± 0.3%, respectively. Data from the armband and phone calls are presented to illustrate the depth of information acquired by utilizing this innovative methodology.
Marked acceleration of the metastatic phenotype of a rat bladder carcinoma cell line by the expression of human gelatinase A.

Numerous studies have reported a correlation between the production of gelatinases A and B by cancer cells and invasive and metastatic potential. It has been suggested that the expression of gelatinase A (72-kDa type IV collagenase) is associated more closely with the metastatic phenotype of malignant cells in vitro and in vivo than that of gelatinase B (92-kDa type IV collagenase). We have established a rat bladder carcinoma cell line, MYU3L, which is tumorigenic and locally invasive but is not metastatic to the distal organs in nude mice. The MYU3L cell line secretes pro-gelatinase B but not any detectable level of pro-gelatinase A. We undertook the present study to determine whether over-expression of gelatinase A can affect the metastatic potential of MYU3L cells. We transfected MYU3L cells with an expression vector containing human pro-gelatinase A cDNA under the transcriptional control of the SR alpha promoter. Two stable transfectants over-expressing gelatinase A activity were isolated. We assessed the biological behavior of the transfectants by an orthotopic site (urinary bladder) inoculation and an i.v. injection in nude mice. Our results demonstrate that the induced expression of human gelatinase A enzyme markedly accelerates the metastatic phenotype of the rat bladder carcinoma cell line MYU3L. Our results suggest that gelatinase A produced by tumor cells plays a major role in the metastatic process.
A revisionist model of hospital licensure

This article explores the use of a new governance approach in the context of American acute care hospital regulation, specifically focusing on the core regulatory process of licensure. This article calls for the alteration of current command and control regulations through the adoption of a four-part revisionist licensing model. The model seeks to reinvigorate the licensing process by making it not only more relevant to efficient operations, but also adaptable to current industry challenges. Based generally on alternative regulatory models such as responsive regulation, meta-regulation, and management-based regulation, the revisionist licensing proposal is driven by the broad goals of bureaucratic reduction, participatory regulation, and more focused obligations. Elements of the model include refocusing on baseline requirements, problem identification and correction, negotiated obligations, and alteration of the structure of oversight. Specific application examples are provided in the areas of charity care and health planning.
Emotional Exhaustion in a High Stress Organization

This study develops the concept of emotional exhaustion, an extremely affective and chronic type of work-related strain. Sources of emotional exhaustion were investigated in a police organization t...
Docile Bodies: Transnational Research Ethics as Biopolitics

This essay explores the claim that bioethics has become a mode of biopolitics. It seeks to illuminate one of the myriad of ways that bioethics joins other institutionalized discursive practices in the task of producing, organizing, and managing the bodies — of policing and controlling populations — in order to empower larger institutional agents. The focus of this analysis is the contemporary practice of transnational biomedical research. The analysis is catalyzed by the enormous transformation in the political economy of transnational research that has occurred over the past three decades and the accompanying increase in the numbers of human bodies now subjected to research. This essay uses the work of Michel Foucault, particularly his notion of docile bodies, to analyze these changes. Two loci from the bioethics literature are explored — one treating research in the United States and one treating research in developing countries. In the latter, we see a novel dynamic of the new biopolitics: the ways in which bioethics helps to create docile political bodies that will police themselves and who will, in turn, facilitate the production of docile human bodies for research.
A Method for improved final placement employing branch-and-bound with hierarchical placement encoding and tightened bounds

A new method employing branch-and-bound for improved final placement is presented for the final step of detailed placement problem where the objective is to optimize (and tradeoff) total bounding box wirelength and timing. First, we view the placement of a cell as a bit-sequence which hierarchically encodes the procedure of constraining the cell to an exact location (exact row and column). Such bit sequences indicate a recursive dissection of the layout area. We argue that the search strategy indicated by the placement encoding has compelling advantages over typical ones in terms of search efficiency. Second, the branch-and-bound method with hierarchical placement encoding can inherently expose the possibly improved configurations and provide a mechanism for exploiting the abundant opportunities for tradeoffs between different design objectives. Our experiments start with the placements of 12 of the largest MCNC benchmarks from VPR [15], iteratively extract and release parts of the cells to larger regions (that defines the search space) and optimally (or nearly optimally) place these cells with respect to the search space. The experiments show that the wire length of the placements can be improved 11% on average with simultaneous reduction in the critical path delay of the routed placements (6.3% on average)
Detection of Malaria-Infected Mosquitoes by a Two-Site Immunoassay

The salivary sporozoite rate, i. e., the prevalence of female anopheline mosquitoes with sporozoites in their salivary glands, is a very sensitive and powerful parameter for describing the epidemiology of malaria in a given area. Use of the sporozoite rate together with the man-biting rate provides the entomological inoculation rate, an estimate of the number of potentially infective bites a person could expect to receive at the place and time the mosquitoes were collected (MacDonald 1957).
Patient Priority–Directed Decision Making and Care for Older Adults with Multiple Chronic Conditions

Older adults with multiple conditions receive care that is often fragmented, burdensome, and of unclear benefit. An advisory group of patients, caregivers, clinicians, health system engineers, health care system leaders, payers, and others identified three modifiable contributors to this fragmented, burdensome care: decision making and care focused on diseases, not patients; inadequate delineation of roles and responsibilities and accountability among clinicians; and lack of attention to what matters to patients and caregivers (ie, their health outcome goals and care preferences). The advisory group identified patient priority-directed care as a feasible, sustainable approach to addressing these modifiable factors.
Microscopy and Team-based Interdisciplinary Materials Research to Achieve 21st Century Skills

The Education and Outreach (EO) program is an essential part of the National Science Foundation funded Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSEC) program. The Center for Research on Interface Structures and Phenomena (CRISP) is a MRSEC housed at Yale and Southern Connecticut State University (SCSU). The overarching goal of CRISP EO is to use interdisciplinary science (e.g. materials science) as a vehicle for enhancing the education of future scientists, educators, K-12 students, parents and the general public. The educational goals and resulting signature programs were designed to optimize integration of the research and educational strengths of CRISP through high impact EO activities. One such program is the MRSEC Initiative for Multidisciplinary Education and Research (MIMER) [1]. The MIMER program provides opportunities for team-based interdisciplinary research experiences to students and teachers by integrating the CRISP research experiences for undergraduates (REU), teachers (RET) and high school fellowship programs. A MIMER team assembles researchers with different backgrounds including a faculty member/CRISP researcher, graduate students and/or post-docs, undergraduates, teachers and high school students. The collaborative and interdisciplinary nature of the MIMER team encourages synergy and fosters the formation of mentoring relationships among team members.
Sol-Gel Process from Heterobimetallic Alkoxides to Incorporate Lanthanides in an Alumina Matrix

Gels form on addition of seven or more moles of water diluted with i-PrOH to one mole of M[Al(O-i-Pr)4]3, M = La, Ce dissolved in i-PrOH. Thermal treatment of xerogels derived from La[Al(O-i-Pr)4]3 gives amorphous powders below 900°C. LaAlO3 crystallizes out at 900°C and residual alumina remains amorphous. CeO2 starts to separate out above 600°C from the xerogels prepared from Ce[M(O-i-Pr)4]3. Thermally induced structural changes in xerogels prepared from the mixtures of La[Al(O-i-Pr)4]3 and Ce[Al(O-i-Pr)4]3 in 1:1 or 1:3 ratio are different from those prepared from individual precursors. These xerogels remain amorphous below 700°C. Crystalline CeO2 forms on heating at 900°C but alumina remains amorphous. Sols are formed on hydrolysis of M[Al(0-i-Pr)4]3 in excess water and acidifying the reaction mixture with acetic acid. Sols can be converted to gels by slow evaporation of volatiles. This method is useful in preparing coatings.
The picosecond laser for tattoo removal.

The prevalence of tattoos continues to grow as modern society's stigma towards this form of body art shifts towards greater acceptance. Approximately one third of Americans aged 18-25 and 40 % of Americans aged 26-40 are tattooed. As tattoos continue to rise in popularity, so has the demand for an effective method of tattoo removal such as lasers. The various colors of tattoo inks render them ideal targets for specific lasers using the principle of selective photothermolysis. Traditional laser modalities employed for tattoo removal operate on pulse durations in the nanosecond domain. However, this pulse duration range is still too long to effectively break ink into small enough particles. Picosecond (10-12) lasers have emerged at the forefront of laser tattoo removal due to their shorter pulse lengths, leading to quicker heating of the target chromophores, and consequently, more effective tattoo clearance. Recent studies have cited more effective treatment outcomes using picosecond lasers. Future comparative studies between picosecond lasers of various settings are necessary to determine optimal laser parameters for tattoo clearance.
Building Filipino Hawai‘i . By Roderick N. Labrador.

Building Filipino Hawai‘i . Asian American Experience Series. By Roderick N. Labrador. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2015. xiv + 173 pp. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $90.00, cloth; $30.00, paper.) In the Filipina/o community that anthropologist Roderick N. Labrador encountered upon his arrival in Hawai‘i in the early 1990s, new immigrants from the Philippines clashed with fourth-generation descendants of plantation workers and Asian Americans joked about Filipino dog eating. These complexities led Labrador to ask, “What does it mean to be Filipino in Hawai‘i?” His engaging new book, Building Filipino Hawai‘i , is an outstanding addition to a growing field of studies focused on Filipina/o American community building and identity formation. Using interviews and rich ethnographic research, Labrador explores Filipina/o community in Hawai‘i through examining the relationships between power, race, culture and … dawn.mabalon{at}gmail.com
A Study of Chinese Ceramics Excavated in Tucson

ABSTRACTArchaeological investigations conducted in conjunction with the Tucson Urban Renewal Project by the Arizona State Museum have yielded a large quantity of Chinese ceramics. These utilitarian wares are analyzed according to their function, decoration, and mode of manufacture in an effort to provide a catalogue of basic information to facilitate future studies of this sort.
Neoclassical Solutions: Interpretation and Comparison with the Dirac Theory

A comparison between the neoclassical theory of charges with spin and the Dirac theory is presented in this chapter.
Encouraging Young Women to Move More: Linking Physical Activity in Young Adulthood to Coronary Risk in Women

Article, see p 290 > “In the long run, we shape our lives, and we shape ourselves. The process never ends until we die. And the choices we make are ultimately our own responsibility.” > > –Eleanor Roosevelt In Western populations, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) mortality has dramatically declined in the past 4 decades, in part because of an increased emphasis on prevention. Before 2000, this decline was largely observed in men. The American Heart Association (AHA) published the first women-specific prevention guidelines in 1999,1 and subsequently there has been progress in the prevention, detection, and treatment of ASCVD with associated declines in mortality. Unfortunately, this improvement has not been observed equally among all subgroups. Younger women <55 years have experienced stagnation in the rates of decline of coronary heart disease (CHD) over the past 2 decades.2,3 Among younger women aged 35 to 54 years, Framingham Risk Scores and cardiovascular mortality have actually increased,4 likely because of the rise of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and sedentary behavior in modern populations. Risk factors and CHD outcomes have predominantly been studied among older adults with relatively less attention given to younger individuals. Older individuals may be more likely to be counseled about their ASCVD risk and preventive measures such as healthy lifestyle because of perceived differences in ASCVD risk.5 Recent AHA guidelines endorse the assessment of lifetime risk among adults aged 20 to 59 years not at high short-term risk,6 and adoption of this recommendation may help identify at-risk younger women. There remains ample opportunity to further lower ASCVD morbidity/mortality, particularly among the understudied younger women demographic. A fundamental component of preventive strategies is to increase physical activity (PA). Unfortunately, the specific impact of PA on ASCVD outcomes among young women is not well known. There may be reason …
The three worlds of emigration policy: towards a theory of sending state regimes

ABSTRACTMigration theory has historically dismissed the role of sending states in labour migration, with theories grounded in social and economic mechanisms that left little room for political interventions. The theory was supported by evidence from major cases, like that of Mexico, in which sending state policies were understood to be either altogether absent, or overridden by other processes. However, migration flows have changed significantly in the neoliberal era, and these changes have produced different policy orientations among sending states. Many sending states – the Philippines is a prominent example – now have explicit migration management policies that are geared towards promoting and facilitating particular types of labour migration. Even sending countries without such programmes have policies to manage relations with their diaspora, whose remittances now play critical roles in their economies. Drawing from primary case studies of the Mexican, Moroccan, and Philippine cases, with additional e...
November 2014 Proof-of-Concept ACAS-Xu Flight Test

The Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA’s) Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) Program Office is developing an advanced Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS X) to meet the n...
A one-dimensional seismic model for Uturuncu volcano, Bolivia, and its impact on full moment tensor inversions

Using receiver functions, Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion determined from ambient noise and teleseismic earthquakes, and Rayleigh wave horizontal to vertical ground motion amplitude ratios from earthquakes observed across the PLUTONS seismic array, we construct a one-dimensional (1‑D) S-wave velocity (Vs) seismic model with uncertainties for Uturuncu volcano, Bolivia, located in the central Andes and overlying the eastward-subducting Nazca plate. We find a fast upper crustal lid placed upon a low-velocity zone (LVZ) in the mid-crust. By incorporating all three types of measurements with complimentary sensitivity, we also explore the average density and Vp/Vs (ratio of P-wave to S-wave velocity) structures beneath the young silicic volcanic field. We observe slightly higher Vp/Vs and a decrease in density near the LVZ, which implies a dacitic source of the partially molten magma body. We exploit the impact of the 1-D model on full moment tensor inversion for the two largest local earthquakes recorded (both magnitude ∼3), demonstrating that the 1-D model influences the waveform fits and the estimated source type for the full moment tensor. Our 1-D model can serve as a robust starting point for future efforts to determine a three-dimensional velocity model for Uturuncu volcano.
A vitamin to D-crease sunburn

High doses of oral vitamin D3 attenuate skin inflammation following experimentally induced sun damage.
Ranking emotional attributes with deep neural networks

Studies have shown that ranking emotional attributes through preference learning methods has significant advantages over conventional emotional classification/regression frameworks. Preference learning is particularly appealing for retrieval tasks, where the goal is to identify speech conveying target emotional behaviors (e.g., positive samples with low arousal). With recent advances in deep neural networks (DNNs), this study explores whether a preference learning framework relying on deep learning can outperform conventional ranking algorithms. We use a deep learning ranker implemented with the RankNet algorithm to evaluate preference between emotional sentences in terms of dimensional attributes (arousal, valence and dominance). The results show improved performance over ranking algorithms trained with support vector machine (SVM) (i.e., RankSVM). The results are significantly better than performance reported in previous work, demonstrating the potential of RankNet to retrieve speech with target emotional behaviors.
A Standards Perspective for Industrial Computer System Interfaces

Abstract The standardization of hardware interfaces between industrial computer subsystems is considered. Twelve interfaces are identified and recommendations are made concerning their standardization. The recommendations are based on four criteria for standardization of the mechanical, electrical, operational, and descriptive characteristics of the interface.
Recent advances in scaling‐down sampling methods in machine learning

Data sampling methods have been investigated for decades in the context of machine learning and statistical algorithms, with significant progress made in the past few years driven by strong interest in big data and distributed computing. Most recently, progress has been made in methods that can be broadly categorized into random sampling including density-biased and nonuniform sampling methods; active learning methods, which are a type of semi-supervised learning and an area of intense research; and progressive sampling methods which can be viewed as a combination of the above two approaches. A unified view of scaling-down sampling methods is presented in this article and complemented with descriptions of relevant published literature. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
You can’t force a friendship? An analysis of US/Argentine relations

This paper builds on the extant literature of friendship in international politics. State friendship is not the same as personal friendship. States do not ‘feel affection’; rather, the affective attachment is part of a given state’s culture and practice of foreign policy. This attachment grows with a mutual history of positive interactions and can be intensified by a so-called defining moment. This article analyzes the failure of friendship to develop between the USA and Argentina, despite the fact that in the 1990s Argentina was desirous of having good relations with the USA. When an economic crisis hit Argentina from 1999 to 2002, the USA offered little assistance and responded with indifference. Argentina has had a long history of hostility toward the USA, and one decade of support cannot obviate the earlier interactions. Argentina’s tacit support of Nazi Germany during World War II provides a negative defining moment that acts as a strong barrier to friendship.