cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Method for Higher Accuracy Ampacity Calculation of Rectangular, Universal Angle, and Integral Web Substation Bus

Substation bus ampacity calculations perform a steady-state heat transfer analysis on a unit length of bus. In this analysis, the convective heat transfer coefficients for rectangular, universal angle bus (UAB), and integral web bus conductor (IWBC) have historically been calculated by applying flat plane correlations to the individual bus surfaces. The research presented here will show that the Nusselt correlations developed for the specific bus, similar to what is currently used for round bus, increases accuracy in bus ampacity predictions. Additionally, the correlations are easier to use and less likely to result in calculation error. This paper presents natural and forced convection correlations for rectangular, universal angle bus, and integral web bus.
Bidirectional signals of PD-L1 in T cells that fraternize with cancer cells.

PD-L1 expressed by T cells provides backward and forward signals to restrain both innate and adaptive immune responses in tumor tissues.
Therapeutic hypothermia in severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Background: The incidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is 0.5 per 1,000 live births. Current standard treatment is therapeutic hypothermia (cooling) begun within 6 hours of life. In inf...
Neighborhood Violent Crime and Perceived Stress in Pregnancy

Stress has been shown to adversely affect pregnancy outcomes. Neighborhood crime rates may serve as one publicly available social determinant of health for pregnancy studies that use registry or electronic health record datasets in which individual-level stress data are not available. We sought to determine whether neighborhood violent crime incidents were associated with measured perceived stress in a largely minority, urban pregnancy cohort. We performed a secondary analysis of the 1309 Philadelphia residents participating in the Motherhood and Microbiome cohort (n = 2000) with both neighborhood violent crime and Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) data. Generalized linear mixed models accounting for confounding variables and geographic clustering demonstrated that, regardless of race, women with the highest quartile of neighborhood violent crime had significantly elevated odds of high stress compared to women with lower crime. We also found that Black women were more likely to have both the highest quartile of neighborhood violent crime and high stress than non-Black women. Overall, this study demonstrates that neighborhood violent crime is associated with perceived stress in pregnancy. Given disparate exposure to crime and prenatal stress by race, future work is warranted to determine whether urban neighborhood violence and/or stress reduction strategies would improve birth outcome racial disparities.
Mental Health Practitioners' Immediate Practical Response During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Questionnaire Study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with increased psychological distress, signaling the need for increased mental health services in the context of stay-at-home policies. Objective: This study aims to characterize how mental health practitioners have changed their practices during the pandemic. The authors hypothesize that mental health practitioners would increase tele–mental health services and that certain provider types would be better able to adapt to tele–mental health than others. Methods: The study surveyed 903 practitioners, primarily psychologists/doctoral-level (Psych/DL) providers, social workers/master’s-level (SW/ML) providers, and neuropsychologists employed in academic medical centers or private practices. Differences among providers were examined using Bonferroni-adjusted chi-square tests and one-way Bonferroni-adjusted analyses of covariance. Results: The majority of the 903 mental health practitioners surveyed rapidly adjusted their practices, predominantly by shifting to tele–mental health appointments (n=729, 80.82%). Whereas 80.44% (n=625) were not using tele–mental health in December 2019, only 22.07% (n=188) were not by late March or early April 2020. Only 2.11% (n=19) reported no COVID-19–related practice adjustments. Two-thirds (596/888, 67.10%) reported providing additional therapeutic services specifically to treat COVID-19–related concerns. Neuropsychologists were less likely and Psych/DL providers and SW/ML providers were more likely than expected to transition to tele–mental health (P<.001). Trainees saw fewer patients (P=.01) and worked remotely more than licensed practitioners (P=.03). Despite lower rates of information technology service access (P<.001), private practice providers reported less difficulty implementing tele–mental health than providers in other settings (P<.001). Overall, the majority (530/889, 59.62%) were interested in continuing to provide tele–mental health services in the future. Conclusions: The vast majority of mental health providers in this study made practice adjustments in response to COVID-19, predominantly by rapidly transitioning to tele–mental health services. Although the majority reported providing additional therapeutic services specifically to treat COVID-19–related concerns, only a small subset endorsed offering such services to medical providers. This has implications for future practical directions, as frontline workers may begin to seek mental health treatment related to the pandemic. Despite differences in tele–mental health uptake based on provider characteristics, the majority were interested in continuing to provide such services in the future. This may help to expand clinical services to those in need via tele–mental health beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
Stretched grid finite difference method for computation of electric field in composite insulators with defects

Abstract A 2-dimensional stretched grid finite difference method for the calculation of electric field in composite insulators for up to 1000 kV is presented in this paper. This method is shown to be applicable for composite insulators with and without defects where the inherent axial symmetry cannot be used to simplify the modeling process. This method was initially used to evaluate healthy composite insulators of single and double strings with and without corona and grading rings. Further, a conducting defect was simulated at the high voltage electrode to evaluate 69 and 138 kV insulators. The electric field was also computed using a package based on boundary element method. The accuracy and computational time for all the cases were compared. It has been shown that the proposed method can yield fairly accurate results when compared to other methods, but in a significantly reduced time taken by the latter. The electric field computed for 69 kV composite insulator with defect was compared with the actual measurements using an electro-optic probe. The results show a good agreement. Stretched grid method promises to be an efficient way of quickly computing electric field and this paper quantifies the information obtained for insulators with wide range of system voltages.
EUS-guided gastroenterostomy versus enteral stenting for gastric outlet obstruction: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and study aims Endoscopic and surgical techniques have been utilized for palliation of gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). Enteral stenting (ES) is an established technique with high clinical success and low morbidity rate. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) is a novel approach that aims to provide sustained palliation of GOO. We conducted a comprehensive review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness in terms of clinical and technical success, as well as the safety profile of EUS-GE and ES. Methods We searched multiple databases from inception through July 2020 to identify studies that reported on safety and effectiveness of EUS-GE in comparison to ES. Pooled rates of technical success, clinical success, and adverse events (AEs) were calculated. Study heterogeneity was assessed using I2% and 95 % confidence interval. Results Five studies including 659 patients were included in our final analysis. Pooled rate of technical and clinical success for EUS-GE was 95.2 % (CI 87.2-.98.3, I2 = 42) and 93.3 % (CI 84.4–97.3, I2 = 59) while for ES it was 96.9 % (CI 90.9–99, I2 = 64) and 85.6 % (CI 73–92.9, I2 = 85), respectively. Pooled rate of re-intervention was significantly lower with EUS-GE i. e. 4 % (CI 1.8–8.7, I2 = 35) compared to ES, where it was 23.6 % (CI 17.5–31, I2 = 35), p = 0.001. Pooled rates of overall and major AEs were comparable between the two techniques. Conclusion EUS-GE is comparable in terms of technical and clinical effectiveness and has a similar safety profile when compared to ES for palliation of GOO.
Measuring Specific Purpose Orientations in Working Adults

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a scale designed to measure specific purpose orientations among adults. Following literature review, a pool of items was developed and pilot tested with a convenience sample of adults recruited through MTurk (N = 554). Exploratory factor analysis suggested three distinct dimensions of others-growth, self-growth, and career-focused purpose orientations. The three-factor structure was confirmed with two independent samples of intercollegiate coaches in Study 2 (N = 377) and with teachers in Study 3 (N = 247) through the use of confirmatory factor analysis. Construct validity of the items was assessed, which included examining factor loadings and reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and nomological validity. Overall, the 12 items measuring purpose orientations are suggested as valid and reliable for research and for reflection on the nature of their life purpose to ultimately promote wellbeing in adult populations.
The relationship between unmet need for home and community-based services and health and community living outcomes

Abstract Background Few studies have examined user-reported perspectives about the quality and sufficiency of home and community-based services (HCBS) and their relationship to key health and community living outcomes. Objective To examine the association between unmet need for HCBS and health and community living outcomes in a multi-state, multi-program sample of Medicaid HCBS users. Methods We used data from the 2017–2018 National Core Indicators-Aging and Disability (NCI-AD) survey, collected among older adults and adults with physical disabilities who were receiving Medicaid HCBS across 13 states (N = 10,263). We conducted descriptive analysis on the demographic, functional, and health characteristics of the sample, and examined the prevalence of unmet need for HCBS across five domains: 1) assistance with daily activities, 2) assistive technology, 3) home modifications, 4) transportation, and 5) sufficiency of services for meeting user needs and goals. We used logistic regressions to estimate adjusted odds ratios for the association between unmet need for HCBS and health care utilization (ED visits, hospital/rehab stays, preventative care) and community living outcomes (active in the community, interacting with family/friends, satisfaction, control). Results Across the five domains, prevalence of unmet need ranged from 21% (unmet need for assistance with self-care or other daily activities) to 54% (unmet need for assistive technology). Individuals who experienced unmet need had consistently worse health and community living outcomes than those who reported no unmet need, after adjusting for key user demographic, functional, and social characteristics (p Conclusions Unmet need for HCBS is consistently and significantly associated with poor health and community living outcomes among Medicaid users.
Association of Private Equity Investment in US Nursing Homes With the Quality and Cost of Care for Long-Stay Residents

Importance Private equity firms have been acquiring US nursing homes; an estimated 5% of US nursing homes are owned by private equity firms. Objective To examine the association of private equity acquisition of nursing homes with the quality and cost of care for long-stay residents. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cohort study of 302 private equity nursing homes with 9632 residents and 9562 other for-profit homes with 249 771 residents, a novel national database of private equity nursing home acquisitions was merged with Medicare claims and Minimum Data Set assessments for the period from 2012 to 2018. Changes in outcomes for residents in private equity–acquired nursing homes were compared with changes for residents in other for-profit nursing homes. Analyses were performed from March 25 to June 23, 2021. Exposure Private equity acquisitions of 302 nursing homes between 2013 and 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures This study used difference-in-differences analysis to examine the association of private equity acquisition of nursing homes with outcomes. Primary outcomes were quarterly measures of emergency department visits and hospitalizations for ambulatory care–sensitive (ACS) conditions and total quarterly Medicare costs. Antipsychotic use, pressure ulcers, and severe pain were examined in secondary analyses. Results Of the 259 403 residents in the study (170 687 women [65.8%]; 211 154 White residents [81.4%]; 204 928 residents [79.0%] dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid; mean [SD] age, 79.3 [5.6] years), 9632 residents were in 302 private equity–acquired nursing homes and 249 771 residents were in 9562 other for-profit homes. The mean quarterly rate of ACS emergency department visits was 14.1% (336 072 of 2 383 491), and the mean quarterly rate of ACS hospitalizations was 17.3% (412 344 of 2 383 491); mean (SD) total quarterly costs were $8050.00 ($9.90). Residents of private equity nursing homes experienced relative increases in ACS emergency department visits of 11.1% (1.7 of 15.3; 1.7 percentage points; 95% CI, 0.3-3.0 percentage points;P = .02) and in ACS hospitalizations of 8.7% (1.0 of 11.5; 1.0 percentage point; 95% CI, 0.2-1.1 percentage points;P = .003) compared with residents in other for-profit homes; quarterly costs increased 3.9% (270.37 of 6972.04; $270.37; 95% CI, $41.53-$499.20;P = .02) or $1081 annually per resident. Private equity acquisition was not significantly associated with antipsychotic use (−0.2 percentage points; 95% CI, −1.7 to 1.4 percentage points;P = .83), severe pain (0.2 percentage points; 95% CI, −1.1 to 1.4 percentage points;P = .79), or pressure ulcers (0.5 percentage points; 95% CI, −0.4 to 1.3 percentage points;P = .30). Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study with difference-in-differences analysis found that private equity acquisition of nursing homes was associated with increases in ACS emergency department visits and hospitalizations and higher Medicare costs.
Hegel's Theory of Responsibility

Introduction 1. The actualization of the will 2. Responsibility and innocence 3. Action and the spheres of right 4. The inner-outer thesis 5. Transcending responsibility.
Online heat flux estimation using artificial neural network as a digital filter approach

Abstract Surface heat flux estimation using temperature measurement data from the interior points is known as inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP). Several methods have been developed as solution techniques for IHCP’s including analytical and numerical approaches. Digital filter representation for IHCP solution (Woodbury and Beck, 2013; Beck et al., 1985) is one of the methods which can be used for near real-time heat flux estimation. In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) is utilized as a digital filter, for near real-time heat flux estimation using temperature measurement data. Considering temperatures as the inputs and heat flux as the output, the weights can be interpreted as filter coefficients. The proposed approach is used for both constant and temperature dependent material properties. The method developed is tested through several test cases using exact solutions and numerical models. The results show that ANN can be used as a digital filter method for near real-time surface heat flux estimation. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are also discussed.
Apple juice prevents oxidative stress induced by amyloid-beta in culture

Increased oxidative stress contributes to the decline in cognitive performance during normal aging and in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Dietary supplementation with fruits and vegetables that are high in antioxidant potential have in some cases compensated for oxidative stress. Herein, we examined whether apple juice could alleviate the neurotoxic consequences of exposure of cultured neuronal cells to amyloid-beta (Abeta), since at least a portion of the neurotoxicity of Abeta is due to oxidative stress. Apple juice concentrate (AJC; 70 degree brix) was diluted into culture medium of SH-SY-5Y human neuroblastoma cells that had been differentiated for 7 days with 5 microM retinoic acid concurrent with the addition of 20 microM Abeta. AJC prevented the increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) normally induced by Abeta treatment under these conditions. AJC also prevented Abeta-induced calcium influx and apoptosis, each of which results in part due to increased ROS. These findings suggest that the antioxidant potential of apple products can prevent Abeta-induced oxidative damage.
A NONLOCAL BIHARMONIC OPERATOR AND ITS CONNECTION WITH THE CLASSICAL BI-LAPLACIAN

We introduce here a nonlocal operator as a natural generalization to the biharmonic operator that appears in plate theory. This operator is built in the nonlocal calculus framework defined in (3) and is connected with the recent theory of peridynamics. For the steady state equation coupled with different boundary conditions we show existence and uniqueness of solutions, as well as regularity of solutions. The boundary conditions considered are nonlocal counterparts of the classical clamped and hinged boundary conditions. For each system we show convergence of the nonlocal solutions to their local equivalents using compactness arguments developed in (2).
Increasing Cultural Awareness through a Cultural Awareness Program.

Racial tension motivates strife and violence in the metropolitan Detroit, Michigan, area. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a collaborative partnership, the Cultural Awareness Consortium (CAC), in making a positive impact on the attitudes of a group of diverse high school students regarding multicultural relations. The two theoretical frameworks guiding this study were Allport’s intergroup contact theory and intercultural competence theory originating from International Education and International Studies. The research questions concerned whether attending the CAC for 4 months, the treatment, changed students’ attitudes on multicultural relations, and whether a student’s gender or ethnicity was a predictor of changes in these attitudes. A single group, pre-experimental design with data collection from two administrations of the Student Multicultural Relations Survey was used in the study. Fifty-four students completed the survey, which yielded four multicultural relations scales (dependent variables), eight single-item attitudinal variables on multicultural issues, and two demographic variables (independent variables), and inferential analysis included t tests and multiple regression. According to study results, students’ attitudes on multicultural relations had changed significantly, and students talked to and mixed with students from different cultural backgrounds more after the treatment. Educational institutions providing experiences like the CAC can make a positive impact on students’ attitudes on multicultural relations. This can lead to positive social change as students increase their acceptance of others and take those attitudes and values with them into the workforce after they graduate, serving as role models of acceptance for their peers.
Estimating regression coefficients tinder conditional specification

A preliminary tost pstimator of regression coefficient is given when several regression lines may be parallel, Bias and mean square error of rhe preliminary test estimator arp nhrained and its relative efficiency to the never-pool estimator is studied. Recommendations of the significance levels of the preliminary tests are given. Similar procedures are indicated for intercepts.
The scientist–practitioner model in counseling psychology programs: a survey of training directors

The scientist–practitioner model dominates as the premier training model for graduate training in applied psychology. Despite its widespread use, almost no research has focused critically on the model’s operationalized definition or its implementation and evaluation in training programs. This study provides an overview of how training directors in counseling psychology currently define, implement, and evaluate the scientist–practitioner model within their respective programs. A multi-methods online survey was distributed to 50 counseling psychology training directors. Qualitative responses from 32 respondents were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Non-thematic observations on response form/style were also summarized. Key findings suggest that counseling psychology training directors define the model in at least three broad ways. Some definitions are inconsistent with each other. Furthermore, basic program requirements are often used as the basis for both implementing and evaluating graduate progra...
The depletion and regeneration of dissolution-active sites at the mineral-water interface: II. regeneration of active sites on α-Fe2O3 at pH 3 and pH 6

Abstract Periods of transient nonsteady state dissolution can contain much information about dissolution mechanisms. Here, pH-jump-induced dissolution transients are used to explore the kinetics of production, at pH 3 and pH 6, of α-Fe2O3 surface sites active for dissolution at pH 1. We find that such sites are generated in a matter of minutes or less at higher pH. The steady state dissolution rate of hematite at pH 1 is ≤10.7 pmol m−2 s−1, whereas the rate of active site production at pH 6 in the first 30 min. of aging is at least 119 pmol m−2 s−1. Apparently, active sites are produced relatively slowly at low pH and relatively rapidly at circumneutral pH, despite the fact that dissolution rates are near a minimum at circumneutral pH. Using aqueous water exchange rates as a proxy for surface ligand exchange rates, this is qualitatively consistent with relatively slow water exchange by aqueous Fe3+ ions at low pH and relatively rapid water exchange by Fe3+ hydrolysis products (e.g., Fe(OH)2+) at circumneutral pH. Consequently, the highest overall dissolution rates are achieved not at steady state at low pH, but by cycling between neutral and low pH. Our results call into question the assumption that oxide mineral surfaces, particularly those of iron and aluminum oxides, are inert on the time scale of proton or ligand adsorption (e.g., during the acid-base titrations typically used to measure oxide surface charge due to proton adsorption).
Visual information influences consumer fast-food choices

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of visual information cues such as a heart icon vs the calories and fat content on the selection of healthy food in fast-food restaurants (FFRs). Design/methodology/approach – An online survey design providing a fast-food menu was implemented to collect responses from the participants. The survey respondents were recruited from a large South-western university in the USA. The research model was tested using logistic regression. Findings – Data analysis shows that visual information plays a significant role in healthy food selection in FFRs. The authors findings show that the heart icons have a statistically significant effect on food choices, while calories and fat content information did not affect the participants’ selections vs no information. Originality/value – Dietary choices and obesity are a serious social concern. This study provides support for the effect of a heart icon symbol on food choice in fast-food selection. The implicat...
A convenient erythrocyte membrane cyclic AMP binding assay.

Abstract Human erythrocyte ghosts are convenient for use in cyclic AMP binding assays in the picomole range. Extraction of the membranes with NH4Cl immediately before use eliminates interference by ATP, which occurs with native membranes. The erythrocyte preparation has high affinity for several N6 and C-8 derivatives of cyclic AMP, moderate affinity for cyclic IMP, and weak but significant affinity for several other 3′–5′-cyclic nucleotides.
Temperature stabilitv of the laminar combustion wave

Abstract The solution to a simplified form of the linearized time-dependent energy equation of a laminar flame has been considered in order to develop a criterion for the stability of such a flame. It is shown that for this energy equation the stability is determined by the behaviour of the concentration perturbation. The results also demonstrate that it is not justified without further investigation to assume that the solution to any particular steady-state flame equation is stable.
A study of workers exposed to asbestiform minerals in commercial talc manufacture

Abstract A clinical and environmental study was made of a group of 39 workers exposed to commercial talc dust, of which tremolite and anthophyllite were the major fibrous components and the findings were compared with a control group. The data showed that in spite of a mean exposure of 16.2 yr with a range of 11–22, only one of the workers exposed to commercial talc dust showed a chest roentgenogram consistent with pneumoconiosis. The only significant difference between talc workers and control was in the number of people having dyspnea and its severity. The authors considered both the element of smoking and the exposure to commercial talc as aggravating factors which accounted for the dyspnea. The findings of the 39 workers in the present study were compared to those obtained from 35 workers studied earlier in another talc plant. Both groups had similar mean durations of exposure to commercial talc but the degree of exposure of the group of 35 was appreciably greater. In the latter group there was a significantly increased prevalence of pneumoconioses. It is possible that commercial talc containing tremolite and anthophyllite as major fibrous constituents may be less fibrogenic than chrysotile or amosite at the degrees of dust exposure present in this study.
Pulsed laser saturation spectroscopy: Observation of power broadening by optical nutations☆

Abstract High-resolution saturation spectroscopy of atomic resonance lines with a pulsed tunable dye laser can be performed with a variable time delay between bleaching and probing. Measurements for the Na D 2 line reveal an anomalous time dependent power broadening which cannot be explained within a hole burning model, but is ascribed to a line splitting by optical nutations. The magnitude of the effect is in agreement with recent semiclassical calculations.
Phantoms in the brain: ambiguous representations of stimulus amplitude and timing in weakly electric fish.

In wave-type weakly electric fish, two distinct types of primary afferent fibers are specialized for separately encoding modulations in the amplitude and phase (timing) of electrosensory stimuli. Time-coding afferents phase lock to periodic stimuli and respond to changes in stimulus phase with shifts in spike timing. Amplitude-coding afferents fire sporadically to periodic stimuli. Their probability of firing in a given cycle, and therefore their firing rate, is proportional to stimulus amplitude. However, the spike times of time-coding afferents are also affected by changes in amplitude; similarly, the firing rates of amplitude-coding afferents are also affected by changes in phase. Because identical changes in the activity of an individual primary afferent can be caused by modulations in either the amplitude or phase of stimuli, there is ambiguity regarding the information content of primary afferent responses that can result in ‘phantom’ modulations not present in an actual stimulus. Central electrosensory neurons in the hindbrain and midbrain respond to these phantom modulations. Phantom modulations can also elicit behavioral responses, indicating that ambiguity in the encoding of amplitude and timing information ultimately distorts electrosensory perception. A lack of independence in the encoding of multiple stimulus attributes can therefore result in perceptual illusions. Similar effects may occur in other sensory systems as well. In particular, the vertebrate auditory system is thought to be phylogenetically related to the electrosensory system and it encodes information about amplitude and timing in similar ways. It has been well established that pitch perception and loudness perception are both affected by the frequency and intensity of sounds, raising the intriguing possibility that auditory perception may also be affected by ambiguity in the encoding of sound amplitude and timing.
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: 2012 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management.

Disease Overview: Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder that is classified as a myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm by the 2008 World Health Organization classification of hematopoietic tumors. It is characterized by absolute monocytosis (>1 × 109 L−1) in the peripheral blood that persists for at least 3 months. Patients may present with symptoms related to cytopenias and/or an underlying hypercatabolic state with drenching night sweats, splenomegaly, and weight loss. Diagnosis: The diagnosis of CMML rests on a combination of morphologic, histopathologic, and chromosomal abnormalities in the bone marrow, after careful exclusion of other conditions (both malignant and nonmalignant) that can cause monocytosis. Numerous molecular abnormalities have been recently recognized in patients with CMML—unfortunately, no single pathognomonic finding specific to CMML has been identified thus far. Risk stratification: The International Prognostic Scoring System for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) cannot be used to risk stratify patients with CMML because this model excluded patients with a leukocyte count >12 × 109 L−1. Other risk stratification models such as the MD Anderson prognostic score and Dusseldorf score have been published. In the only model that took karyotype into account, bone marrow blasts ≥ 10%, leukocyte count ≥ 13 × 109 L−1, hemoglobin < 10 g/dL, platelet count < 100 × 109 L−1, and presence of trisomy 8, abnormalities of chromosome 7, or complex karyotype were found to be independent predictors of adverse survival. Risk-adapted therapy: The Food and Drug Administration has approved azacitidine and decitabine for the treatment of patients with CMML based on two pivotal trials in MDS. Novel classes of agents including immunomodulatory drugs, nucleoside analogs, and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors are being investigated in the treatment of CMML. With the advent of reduced intensity conditioning, an allogeneic stem cell transplant has also become a viable option for a subset of patients. Am. J. Hematol. 87:610–619, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hypothalamic Estrogen Receptor‐lmmunoreactivity in Prepubertal vs Adult Female Guinea Pigs

Juvenile guinea pigs (18-20 days old) rarely display lordosis in response to estradiol and progesterone treatments that elicit sexual behavior in adult females. Nor do immature animals release a preovulatory-like surge of luteinizing hormone in response to estradiol. In vitro radioligand binding assays have revealed similar concentrations of estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus and preoptic area of prepubertal and adult guinea pigs. The aim of the present study was to compare estrogen receptor-immunoreactivity in a variety of forebrain regions of immature and adult guinea pigs, to determine whether age differences in estrogen receptor levels in more discrete portions of the hypothalamus and preoptic area exist. Forebrain tissue from juvenile (17 days) and adult females (> 6 weeks), ovariectomized 6 days previously, was processed for estrogen receptor-immunoreactivity, using Abbott Laboratories' H222 anti-human estrogen receptor antibody. Juveniles had estrogen receptor-immunoreactive cells in all of the same regions as adults: medial preoptic area, medial preoptic nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, periventricular, paraventricular, dorsomedial and arcuate nuclei, ventrolateral and anterior hypothalamic regions, and amygdala. Among the areas in which estrogen receptor-immunoreactivity was quantified (medial preoptic area, medial preoptic nucleus, anterior periventricular nucleus, arcuate nucleus and ventrolateral hypothalamus), the only region in which an age difference in estrogen receptor-immunostaining was observed was the rostral portion of the ventrolateral hypothalamus. Juvenile females had, on average, 30% fewer estrogen receptor-immunoreactive cells in a sample of this region than adults (440 +/- 25 vs. 626 +/- 25, P = 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Application of solution‐focused interventions to nurse home visitation for pregnant women and parents of young children

This article describes the recent evolution of a component of the theoretical foundations of a program of prenatal and early childhood home visitation tested in three randomized trials during the past two decades, first in Elmira, New York, then in Memphis, Tennessee, and most recently in Denver, Colorado. We discuss the use of a solution-focused approach by the nurse home visitors in further operationalizing that component of the program model which promotes client self-efficacy. We delineate the advantages of the solution-focused approach over a problem-solving approach in dealing with family concerns as well as the promotion of positive health behaviors. Basic assumptions of the solution-focused approach, techniques to facilitate solution-focused interactions, and illustrative applications of solution-focused interactions with pregnant women and parents of young children are presented. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Massless fields with half-integral spin

The Fierz-Pauli Lagrangian for massive particles with spin $s=n+\frac{1}{2}$, $n$ integer, is examined in the limit of vanishing mass. A considerable simplification occurs. The potential $h$ is a Rarita-Schwinger spinor-tensor of tensorial rank $n$. The "spinor-trace" ${h}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, defined by ${h}_{\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\lambda}\dots{}}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\equiv}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{\ensuremath{\mu}}{h}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\lambda}\dots{}}$ does not vanish, and neither does ${h}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\equiv}{({h}^{\ensuremath{'}})}^{\ensuremath{'}}$; but ${h}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$ does vanish. The wave equation admits a gauge group, $h\ensuremath{\rightarrow}h+\mathrm{sym}\mathrm{grad} \ensuremath{\xi}$, with ${\ensuremath{\xi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}=0$. The most interesting feature is that the source $t$ need not be divergence free, only the traceless part of ${p}^{\ensuremath{\mu}}{t}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}\dots{}}$ must vanish. This weaker condition on $t$ turns out to be sufficient to guarantee that only $\mathrm{helicities}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}s$ are transmitted between sources.
The Dbs PH domain contributes independently to membrane targeting and regulation of guanine nucleotide-exchange activity

Dbl family GEFs (guanine nucleotide-exchange factors) for the Rho GTPases almost invariably contain a PH (pleckstrin homology) domain adjacent to their DH (Dbl homology) domain. The DH domain is responsible for GEF activity, and the PH domain plays a regulatory role that remains poorly understood. We demonstrated previously that Dbl family PH domains bind phosphoinositides with low affinity and cannot function as independent membrane targeting modules. In the present study, we show that dimerization of a Dbs (Dbl's big sister) DH/PH domain fragment is sufficient to drive it to the plasma membrane through a mechanism involving PH domain-phosphoinositide interactions. Thus, the Dbs PH domain could play a significant role in membrane targeting if it co-operates with other domains in the protein. We also show that mutations that prevent phosphoinositide binding by the Dbs PH domain significantly impair cellular GEF activity even in chimaeric proteins that are robustly membrane targeted by farnesylation or by the PH domain of phospholipase C-delta1. This finding argues that the Dbs PH domain plays a regulatory role that is independent of its ability to aid membrane targeting. Thus, we suggest that the PH domain plays dual roles, contributing independently to membrane localization of Dbs (as part of a multi-domain interaction) and allosteric regulation of the DH domain.
Reduction of manufacturing lead-time through selection of machining rate and unit handling size

Abstract When parts are on the shop floor and in manufacture, they are either waiting for or are being attended by a machine or a material handling equipment. When several workstations are required to process a job, the machining and moving of the parts between the workstations can be very time consuming unless it is properly planned. When poorly planned, the processing and handling decision can significantly affect the length of time the job spends in the shop. In this paper, a methodology for planning the machining and the material handling activities for the manufacture of small to medium size batches in a job shop is presented. The model determines the machining rate at each workstation and the unit-load size to use in handling the batch through the production system in order to minimize the total production time. The procedure is easy to implement on a microcomputer for use in planning shop production activities.
Autoshaping: Relation of feeder color to choice of key color

In a two-key autoshaping procedure with pigeons, sessions consisted of 60 trials in which the simultaneous presentation of a red key and a green key was followed by operation of the feeder. In some sessions the feeder light was red; in others it was green. On the first session of exposure to this procedure, pigeons’ autoshaped pecks occurred first and predominantly on the key whose color matched the feeder color, and this preference was resistant to change when, for each pigeon, the other feeder color was used in a second session. With other pigeons, the first autoshaping session with a given feeder color was preceded by a session of feeder presentations alone (no keys) with the other feeder color. For these pigeons, key-color preferences were inconsistent. A formal model is used to assess the contributions of generalization and overshadowing to these data.
Extrinsic optical-fiber interferometric sensor that uses multimode optical fibers: system and sensing-head design for low-noise operation.

We report an extrinsic Fabry–Perot-type optical-fiber interferometric sensor system constructed by using multimode optical fibers. The intermodal noise produced by the multimode optical fibers was suppressed by the use of optical-fiber white-light interferometry and by the consideration given to the sensor-head design. Both a theoretical analysis and an experimental investigation were carried out, and a system signal-to-noise ratio of 45 dB was demonstrated.
Extracellular matrix destruction by invasive tumor cells

The invasion of normal tissues and penetration of basement membranes by malignant cells is likely to require the active participation of hydrolytic enzymes. The four major groups of connective tissue proteins, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, collagen and elastin, vary in their quantitative distributions between different tissues. With the exception of elastin, they also vary qualitatively within each class, so that there are no ‘typical’ connective tissue barriers to tumor cell penetration. The matrix constituents are stabilized and organized by a variety of covalent and noncovalent interactions between the connective tissue proteins. These interactions play important roles in matrix integrity and may alter the susceptibilities of the constituents to degradative enzymes. It is likely that the complete degradation of the matrix will require the action of more than one enzyme because of differing susceptibilities to tissue proteinases. Primary and transplantable tumors produce well-characterized enzymes which may participate in invasion. These enzymes may also be involved in connective tissue turnover in other normal and pathological situations. The use of long-term tumor cell cultures has verified that tumor cells themselves are capable of producing these enzymes. However, there are many potential modulating influences opperative in vivo which are absent in culture so that details of actual mechanisms and control of digestion of complex substrates are not well understood. Recent work on the degradation by tumor cells of extracellular matrices previously produced by cultured cells is likely to shed more light on pathways of tissue destruction in vivo. Experiments with tumor cell variants of defined metastatic potentials will also be useful, but invasive and metastatic abilities are not necessarily correlated. It is unlikely that simple correlations can be drawn between the production of one particular degradative enzyme by all tumor cells and the complex biological mechanisms operative during tumor invasion.
On the equivalence of prospective and retrospective likelihood methods in case-control studies

SUMMARY We present new approaches to analyzing case-control studies using prospective likelihood methods. In the classical framework, we extend the equality of the profile likelihoods to the Barndorff-Nielsen modified profile likelihoods for prospective and retrospective models. This enables simple and accurate approximate conditional inference for stratified case-control studies of moderate stratum size. In the Bayesian framework, we provide sufficient conditions on priors for the prospective model parameters to yield a prospective marginal posterior density equal to its retrospective counterpart. Our results extend the prospective-retrospective equivalence in the Bayesian paradigm with a more general class of priors than has previously been investigated.
Mechanics and Stability of the Lookout Creek Earth Flow

The Lookout Creek earth flow in the western Cascade Mountains of Oregon has moved an average of about 3.5 in. (8.9 cm) annually over the past decade. The currently active slide mass which has been moving for at least the past 80 years, overlies a 40,000-yr-old debris deposit. Monitored since 1975, measurable earth flow movement occurs only during the wet season; piezometric level, which is at or near the ground surface, varies only about 3 ft (0.9 m) between the wet and dry seasons. The base of the earth flow appears to be a shear zone about 10 in. (25 cm) thick located at a depth of 21.5 ft (6.5 m). Although earth flow movement does not correlate directly with piezometric levels, it does correlate with shear-zone pore-water pressures computed with a finite-difference approximation to the Terzaghi theory of one-dimensional consolidation; the finite-difference model uses piezometric pressure measured in the earth flow as a boundary condition. A rise in pore-water pressure in the shear zone of about 85 psf (4.1 kPa), or 1.4 ft (0.4 m) of water, is the calculated threshold value at which the earth flow begins to move. However, because the earth flow has a high drainage capacity, timber harvesting, which affects the ground-water regime, is unlikely to induce a large increase in movement.
Anisotropic thermal expansion and hydrogen bonding behavior of portlandite: A high-temperature neutron diffraction study

Abstract The structure of deuterated portlandite, Ca(OD) 2 , was investigated using time-of-flight neutron diffraction in the temperature range 308–643 K. Rietveld analysis reveals that with increasing temperature, the c dimension expands at a rate ∼4.5 times larger than that for a . This anisotropy of thermal expansion is due to rapid increase in the interlayer thickness along c with increasing temperature. Fitting of the measured cell volumes yields a coefficient of thermal expansion, α = α 0 + α 1 T , where α 0 =5.966×10 −5 K −1 and α 1 =3.333×10 −8 K −2 . On heating, hydrogen-mediated interatomic interactions within the interlayer become weakened, as reflected by increases in the interlayer D⋯O and D⋯D distances with increasing temperature. Correspondingly, the three equivalent sites over which D is disordered become further apart, suggesting a more delocalized configuration of D at high temperatures.
Towards a Visual Analytics Framework for Handling Complex Business Processes

Organizing data that can come from anywhere in the complex business process in a variety of types is a challenging task. To tackle the challenge, we introduce the concepts of virtual sensors and process events. In addition, a visual interface is presented in this paper to aid deploying the virtual sensors and analyzing process events information. The virtual sensors permit collection from the streams of data at any point in the process and transmission of the data in a form ready to be analyzed by the central analytics engine. Process events provide a uniform expression of data of different types in a form that can be automatically prioritized and that is readily meaningful to the users. Through the visual interface, the user can place the virtual sensors, interact with and group the process events, and delve into the details of the process at any point. The visual interface provides a multiview investigative environment for sense making and decisive action by the user.
Simulation of the Krebs cycle and closely related metabolism in perfused rat liver. I. Construction of a model

Abstract The construction of an approximate computer model of the Krebs cycle and related metabolism in the perfused rat liver in terms of 35 different equations representing 34 chemical reactions is described. This model is an approximation to the biochemistry because intracellular compartmentation cannot be represented. It is used to evaluate the control and importance in vivo of enzymes, and the importance of possible control factors. Under these conditions isocitrate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase are much less important than expected and pyruvate carboxylase much more so. Adenine nucleotides are of little importance as control factors here, pyridine nucleotides are of moderate importance, and acetyl CoA is much more important than anticipated. A number of possible experiments are suggested by the model.
Sensitivity of Three Stored Product Insect Species exposed to Different Low Pressures

THE effect of low pressures on the mortality of stored product insects has been investigated by Back and Cotton1 and by us2. The relative sensitivity of six stored product insects was determined and the possible use of low pressures for stored product insect control was considered. In a preliminary study on the effect of different low pressures on Sitophilus oryzae (L.)3, the highest mortality was obtained when the insects were exposed to 5 cm of mercury for 8 h, while lower pressures resulted in lower mortality. We have recorded the sensitivity of two more species to different low pressures, and compared it with that of S. oryzae.