cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crystalline bone marrow in systemic oxalosis.

A 43-year-old woman with a history of two failed orthotopic kidney transplants, ventricular tachycardia, and recurrent nephrolithiasis underwent a bone marrow biopsy during an evaluation for refractory anemia. The aspirate revealed extensive crystal deposition with nearly absent residual hematopoiesis (Fig. 1). The crystals were birefringent under polarized light (Fig. 2) suggestive of calcium oxalate. The plasma oxalate level was elevated at 42.8 umol/l (normal < 1.8 umol/l), consistent with a diagnosis of systemic oxalosis from presumed primary hyperoxaluria. Figure 1 Bone marrow biopsy demonstrating extensive calcium oxalate crystal deposition. Figure 2 Same view under polarized light. Primary hyperoxaluria is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder of hepatic glyoxylate metabolism resulting in overproduction of oxalate.1 Oxalate nephropathy results in renal failure, which leads to a further increase in the plasma concentration of oxalate. Calcium oxalate can then deposit into a wide array of tissues including bone, retina, peripheral nerves, arterial media, and the heart.2 For some patients, treatment with pyridoxine to reduce urine oxalate levels may be beneficial, though liver and kidney transplantation is often required.3 Both kidney transplants had taken place overseas, and the patient’s initial renal failure and first transplant failure were attributed to obstructive nephropathy from renal calculi. The second transplant loss was from rejection related to a reduction of immunosuppression, though biopsy revealed deposition of calcium oxalate crystals as well.
Optimum concentrator location in telecommunications design

This paper discusses the problem of the allocation of concentrators in the initial phases of telecommunications design. A model for this problem is presented in which the trade-off between line cost and the number of concentrators can be examined. An approach to obtaining a solution for this formulation involves minimum k-cover configurations, for which an efficient algorithm is presented.
Transport theory of ultrasonic attenuation

The transport theory of ultrasonic attenuation is critically examined. The Pippard expression for arbitrary band structure is derived from the traditional transport approach without introducing Pippard's fictitious forces. The validity of using the relaxation-time approximation in the transport equation is investigated, and the analysis is extended beyond this approximation. It is pointed out that for the general collision integral the relaxation time appearing in Pippard's theory may have an imaginary part. Pippard's expression for the attenuation is shown to be valid only when the relaxation time is real, and this will occur when the mean-free path is either much less or much greater than the wavelength of sound, and in the case of “quasi-catastrophic” scattering. Finally, some inconsistencies in the literature are pointed out.
Social Insurance and Truncated Benefits: Measuring the Impacts of Workers' Compensation

This study addresses the indirect impacts of state-mandated workers' compensation benefits on workers' wages. The benefit structure of workers' compensation causes a fundamental estimation problem. I develop a new strategy to limit the biases inherent in earlier models. I utilize individual-level census data (between 1940 and 1990) to exploit benefit variation that occurs both across states and within the fifty states over time. The results suggest that wage offsets are not constant across time and may be larger for workers at lower-wage levels.
Analysis of abrupt emitter-base heterojunctions by multi-flux method and self-consistent solution of Schrödinger and Poisson equations

Abstract In the literature Schrodinger and Poisson equations are frequently used to find the properties of quantum wells and parallel transport in HEMT structures; but it has not been applied to HBTs extensively. In this paper we present the multi-flux method as a novel approach in analyzing of the emitter-base heterojunction of heterojunction bipolar transistors. The Schrodinger equation is solved for electrons across the junction at each energy level to calculate the reflection and transmission coefficients. Different electron effective masses are taken into account on both sides of the heterojunction. Electron concentration and current densities are found by treating the electron waves as fluxes and summing over a range of energy above the conduction band, and ideality factors close to unity is obtained. The Poisson equation is also solved self-consistently across the heterojunction using the calculated electron concentration to obtain the correct potential profile. The results are compared with characteristics of commonly used Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation.
Bacterial Symbiote Activation of Insect Parthenogenese Reproduction

ORGANISMS existing in mutualistic interrelationships often show unusual chemical interdependencies; for example, the pupation of the beetle Xyleborus ferrugineus depends on a sterol source provided by its ectosymbiotic fungi1, 2. We now report that bacterial endosymbiotes are transmitted transovarially in this beetle. We also present evidence that natural maturation of the oocytes and haploid parthenogenesis in this insect depend on its bacterial symbiotes.
Thiemann' disease a brief reminder

Two brothers with Thiemann's disease are described and the accumulated world literature is briefly reviewed. Thiemann's disease is considered to be a form of idiopathic avascular necrosis of the PIP joints of the hands, with occasional involvement of other joints. The characteristic deformity and x-ray findings are reviewed. Thiemann's disease is a genetic disorder and, in families in which detail is available, is inherited as an autosomal dominant with virtual complete penetrance.
Inductively coupled plasma etching for delineation of InAs/GaSb pixels

We developed 320x256 Complimentary Barrier Infrared (CBIRD) focal plane array (FPA) for long wave infrared (LWIR) imaging application. The FPA layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) had 300 periods 1.9 micro m thick absorber. The CBIRD arrays showed the mean dark current density of 2.2 x 10(exp -4) A/cm2, when 128 mV bias voltage was applied. The long wave cut off was observed at 8.8 micrometers at the 50% peak and the maximum quantum efficiency was 54% at 5.6 micrometers. The arrays had 81% fill factor with 97% operability with noise equivalent difference temperature (NE(delta)T) of 18.6 mK and a mean detectivity of D*=1.3 x 10(exp 11) Hz(exp 1/2)/W.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-deficient Mice Have Delayed Primary Endochondral Ossification Because of Defective Osteoclast Recruitment

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligands function in diverse cellular functions including cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and survival. EGFR signaling is important for the development of many tissues, including skin, lungs, intestines, and the craniofacial skeleton. We have now determined the role of EGFR signaling in endochondral ossification. We analyzed long bone development in EGFR-deficient mice. EGFR deficiency caused delayed primary ossification of the cartilage anlage and delayed osteoclast and osteoblast recruitment. Ossification of the growth plates was also abnormal resulting in an expanded area of growth plate hypertrophic cartilage and few bony trabeculae. The delayed osteoclast recruitment was not because of inadequate expression of matrix metalloproteinases, including matrix metalloproteinase-9, which have previously been shown to be important for osteoclast recruitment. EGFR was expressed by osteoclasts, suggesting that EGFR ligands may act directly to affect the formation and/or function of these cells. EGFR signaling regulated osteoclast formation. Inhibition of EGFR tyrosine kinase activity decreased the generation of osteoclasts from cultured bone marrow cells.
Utility and limitations of abdominal radiotherapy in the management of endometrial carcinomas.

Abstract Objective The present review analyzes long-term survival, recurrence sites, and toxicity in women with peritoneal spread of endometrial treated with abdominal radiotherapy, in order to provide therapeutic options as a function of disease spread and histology. Methods Retrospective medical record review was performed of 86 patients receiving abdominal radiotherapy for endometrial carcinomas from 1975 to 1995 at the University of Minnesota. Results FIGO stage distribution was 54 stage IIIA, 2 stage IIIB, 11 stage IIIC, and 19 stage IVB. Disease-free survivals were 55% at 5 years, 46% at 10 years, and 36% at 20 years. Recurrence rates were 16% for stage IIIA with one peritoneal site, 48% for stage IIIA with multiple peritoneal sites or stage IIIB or stage IIIC, and 72% for stage IVB. With univariate analysis, statistical significance was found for stage, gross peritoneal disease, nodal metastases, histology, concurrent chemotherapy, isolated adnexal spread, grade, angiolymphatic invasion, myometrial invasion, and age. Multivariate analysis found only stage, histology, and age to be significant. Most recurrences were pulmonary or peritoneal. Acute toxicity was acceptable. Six percent of patients required surgical intervention for small bowel obstructions. Conclusions Abdominal radiotherapy confers an excellent prognosis for women with stage IIIA cancers with one site of peritoneal involvement. Lack of randomized trials makes definitive treatment recommendations difficult to provide. Results are less optimal with multiple peritoneal sites of involvement, gross peritoneal spread, or papillary serous/clear cell pathology but a substantial number of such women can be cured as well.
Infrared absorption in parabolic multiquantum well structures

Abstract The absorption constant for intraband transitions in parabolic multiquantum well structures is calculated and compared with intraband absorption in a square well superlattice. The parabolic multiple quantum well structure may be used as an Infrared detector with the possibility of lower leakage current compared to one made of square wells.
Intraspecies variation in metacholine-stimulated esterase release from mouse submandibular gland

Esterase release was investigated in male and female submandibular glands of 5 strains of mice (ICR/BR, ND/4BR, SW/BR, DDS/Cox and C57BL/6BR) using dispersed cells prepared by treatment with collagenase and hyaluronidase. The muscarinic-cholinergic agonist methacholine stimulated esterase release in C57BL/6BR, DDS/Cox and SW/BR females and DDS/Cox males in a dose-dependent manner, but did not stimulate esterase release in ICR/BR and ND/4BR strains of both sexes. The percentage release of esterase over control in response to methacholine in females was of the descending order: C57BL/6BR, DDS/Cox, SW/BR, ND/4BR, ICR/BR. There was a close relationship between the percentage release of esterase by methacholine and the esterase activity in homogenate of submandibular gland. The lower the esterase content in the homogenate of mouse submandibular gland, the higher the percentage release of esterase by methacholine stimulation in the dispersed cells.
The Campbell-Hausdorff Formula and Invariant Hyperfunctions.

Let G be a Lie group and g its Lie algebra. We denote by V the underlying vector space of g. There is a canonical isomorphism between the ring Z(g) of the biinvariant differential operators on G and the ring I(g) of the constant coefficient operators on V which are invariant by the adjoint action of G. When g is semi-simple, this is the "Harish-Chandra isomorphism"; for a general Lie algebra, this was established by Duflo I-4]. We shall prove here, that when G is solvable the Duflo isomorphism extends to an isomorphism 9 of the algebra of "local" invariant hyperfunctions under the group convolution and the algebra of invariant hyperfunctions on V under additive convolution (the exact result will be stated below). This gives a partial answer to a conjecture of Rais 1-12]. The existence of such an isomorphism 9 is of importance for the harmonic analysis on G, and for the study of the solvability of biinvariant operators on G (see [7]). It reflects and explains the "orbit method" ([8, 9]), i.e. the correspondence between orbits of G in V*, the dual vector space of V, and unitary irreducible representations of G: let T be an irreducible representation of G, then the infinitesimal character of T is a character of the ring Z(fl). Let t~ be an orbit in V*, the map p~(P)=P(f) (f~ (9) is a character of the ring I(g) (I(g) being identified with the ring of invariant polynomials on V*). The principle of the orbit method is to assign to a (good) orbit tV a representation T~ of G (or g), whose infinitesimal character corresponds to p~ via the isomorphism ~. This is the technique used by M. Duflo to construct the ring isomorphism ~. Furthermore let t~ be (when defined) the distribution on V which is the Fourier transform of the canonical measure on the orbit 0, then t~ is clearly an invariant positive eigendistribution of every operator P in I (g) of eigenvalue p~(P). Kirillov conjectured that the global character of the representation T~ (when
Diagnosing intracranial infectious aneurysms with a simple model.

In the retrospective study of Kannoth and colleagues1 in this issue of J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry (see page 943) , a set of diagnostic criteria for intracranial infectious aneurysms (IAs) is suggested. The authors propose that infectious intracranial aneurysms would be predicted by the presence of a mandatory criterion and at least three supportive criteria from any of three domains with a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 100%. IAs are uncommon. They comprise 2–6% of all intracranial aneurysms.2 More than …
Pretreatment with statins may reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after elective surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention: Clinical evidence and possible underlying mechanisms

After Murry et al ( Circulation 1986;74:1124) described ischemic preconditioning in 1986, numerous pharmacologic agents with effects simulating ischemic preconditioning have been identified. With the exception of β-blockers, most such agents have no proven clinical benefit in the setting of myocardial ischemia. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) have been consistently demonstrated to reduce myocardial injury, morbidity, and mortality in the clinical setting, both perioperatively and after percutaneous coronary intervention. Although the precise mechanism underlying their additional protective effect is not yet fully understood, it appears to be immediate in action and independent of cholesterol lowering. Experimental data from several animal models of ischemia and reperfusion have demonstrated an infarct size reduction with prior statin administration. At the cellular level, statins activate the phosphoinositol-3 kinase and Akt signaling cascade. Statins also increase expression and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, ecto-5′-nucleotidase, cyclooxygenase-2, and other prostaglandin synthesis pathway enzymes. However, when given by oral route to animals, relatively high dose of statins is needed to exert maximal protective effect. Understanding the underlying mechanism may enable to maximize the protective effect by using drug combination with synergistic activity and to avoid medications that may interfere with the protective effect of statins (ie, selective and nonselective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition). Future clinical applications include preoperative and periprocedural risk reduction.
Becker's melanosis: Associated abnormalities

Becker's melanosis is a distinct clinical entity. We report herein two cases with extensive lesions accompanied by subjacent and distant soft tissue and bony abnormalities. Review of the world's literature reveals several additional cases of structural abnormalities associated with Becker's melanosis. Rather than just a dermatologic curiosity, Becker's melanosis may be a marker for underlying structural anomalies.
Embolic stroke after ligation of the pulmonary artery in patients with functional single ventricle

In the setting of functional single ventricle with pulmonary overcirculation, pulmonary artery banding is frequently used to alleviate symptoms and to prepare for staged repair. At subsequent cavopulmonary anastomosis or Fontan procedure, the pulmonary artery may be ligated at the site of the pulmonary band. This article describes the association of embolic stroke and thrombus in a ligated or divided pulmonary artery stump in three patients with functional single ventricle. These events occurred from 1990 through 1992 among the 1700 inpatient pediatric cardiology admissions at two institutions. The patients, ranging in age from 15 months to 9 years, had cerebral infarctions documented by computed axial tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging associated with the echocardiographic finding of thrombus in the proximal pulmonary artery stump after the embolic strokes. The strokes occurred 5 days to 5 years after surgery. Two patients had a second infarction within 2 to 5 weeks of the initial stroke. It is concluded that the presence of the ligated pulmonary artery stump may place patients at risk for embolic stroke. Surgical approaches to reduce the risk of thrombus formation should be considered prospectively in this patient group.
Impact of Molecular Genetic Research on Peanut Cultivar Development

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) has lagged other crops on use of molecular genetic technology for cultivar development in part due to lack of investment, but also because of low levels of molecular polymorphism among cultivated varieties. Recent advances in molecular genetic technology have allowed researchers to more precisely measure genetic polymorphism and enabled the development of low density genetic maps for A. hypogaea and the identification of molecular marker or QTL’s for several economically significant traits. Genomic research has also been used to enhance the amount of genetic diversity available for use in conventional breeding through the development of transgenic peanut, and the creation of TILLING populations and synthetic allotetraploids. Marker assisted selection (MAS) is becoming more common in peanut cultivar development programs, and several cultivar releases are anticipated in the near future. There are also plans to sequence the peanut genome in the near future which should result in the development of additional molecular tools that will greatly advance peanut cultivar development.
Sequential therapy in the treatment of locally advanced noninflammatory breast cancer

Optimal care of patients with locally advanced breast cancer requires the use and thoughtful integration of all effective modalities of treatment. A number of alternative combinations of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation have been promoted, each with its own particular advantages and shortcomings. The advantages of sequenced, multimodality therapy of locally advanced, noninflammatory breast cancer include (1) the ability to convert nonresectable tumors to resectable ones, (2) early institution of systemic therapy, (3) in vivo evaluation of tumor response with the potential for optimization of therapy, and (4) relatively low morbidity rates with the ability to render most patients disease-free at their primary site. The results of this treatment strategy are discussed.
Minority Carrier Lifetime and Photoluminescence Studies of Antimony-Based Superlattices

In this paper, we have used the OMR technique to study the minority carrier lifetimes in three InAs/GaSb-photoluminescence (PL) structures with different number of periods in the absorber: 300, 400 and 600 periods respectively. The feasibility of using a visible 643 nm laser source with short penetration depth for lifetime measurements was studied by comparing the achieved results to measurements performed on the same samples with a 1550 nm IR laser source, which penetrates much deeper into the sample. Despite the differences in excitation wavelengths and penetration depths, the results from both measurements were very similar. This indicates that the diffusion length is long enough to facilitate a homogeneous distribution of excess carriers in the material.
Induction electrohydrodynamic pump in a vertical configuration: Part 2. Experimental study

An induction electrohydrodynamic (EHD) pump in axisymmetric, vertical configuration was designed and built. The flow rates were measured for various temperature profiles and several values of frequency, voltage, wavelength, and electric conductivity. The experimental data are generally in good agreement with the theoretical model presented in Part 1. With the present apparatus at relatively low voltages, velocities four times higher than natural circulation velocity are easily obtained. The external pressure load and entrance temperature profile play important roles on the operation of the pump and must be considered carefully in the design.
Regulation of the T15 idiotype‐positive, T‐independent immune response to Streptococcus pneumoniae R36 a(Pn). I. Specific suppressor T cells induced by Pn in vitro are antigen‐specific and idiotype‐positive

Normal BALB/c spleen cells incubated for 2 days with Streptococcus pneumoniae R 36 a (Pn) vaccine in vitro acquired the specific ability to inhibit the T-independent anti-Pn response of fresh lymphocytes. The activated suppressor cells were susceptible to cytotoxic treatment with mouse anti-theta serum plus complement, and they inhibited the anti-Pn response of B lymphocytes deprived of T cells. The suppressive effect was eliminated by adsorbtion of cells on dishes coated with the C polysac-charide from Pn, and treatment of the suppressor cells with a rabbit antibody specific for TEPC-15 myeloma protein, in the presence of complement, abolished the suppressive effect. The results indicate that stimulation of lymphocytes with a T-independent antigen in vitro activates suppressor T cells bearing a specific antigen receptor that may express the idiotype(s) characteristic of anti-Pn antibody, and that these cells inhibit the Pn-reactive B cells directly.
Constitutively activated FLT3 phosphorylates BAD partially through Pim‐1

Constitutively activating internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations of the receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 (Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3) play an important role in leukaemogenesis and their presence is associated with a poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Examining the anti- and proapoptotic proteins in constitutively activated FLT3 signalling in BaF3/ITD and MV4-11 cells, we found that the level of Bcl-2 antagonist of cell death (BAD) phosphorylation was greatly decreased in response to FLT3 inhibition. Both Ser-112 and Ser-136 of BAD are rapidly dephosphorylated after treatment with the FLT3 inhibitor CEP-701 in BaF3/ITD and MV4-11 cells. In confirmation of the cell line data, BAD was highly phosphorylated in both constitutively activated wild-type and mutant FLT3 primary AML samples, and rapidly dephosphorylated after treatment of the primary samples with CEP-701. Upstream proteins known to phosphorylate BAD include Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Erk/ MAPK), Pim-1 and Pim-2. We and other groups have shown that constitutively activated FLT3 induces multiple signalling pathways, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, Erk/MAPK and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (Jak/STAT). Thus, BAD may be a nexus point upon which these multiple signalling pathways converge in FLT3-mediated cell survival. In support of this, siRNA knockdown of BAD expression in MV4-11 cells conferred resistance to CEP-701-mediated apoptosis. Our data suggests that Pim-1 is one of the principal kinases mediating the anti-apoptotic function of FLT3/ITD signalling via the phosphorylation of BAD.
Re-examination of Upper Cincinnatian Shale Petrology

Stepwise discriminant function analysis has been applied to 115 samples of shale from the Cincinnatian Series. Six mineralogic and textural parameters were selected to characterize each of the three shale units examined. Three parameters—weight percent of sand fraction, weight percent of quartz silt, and parts per 10 of illite—enable reconstruction of the a priori selected classification scheme with a classification efficiency of 87 percent. The three shale units are mineralogically and texturally distinct, and a consideration of shale petrology in future stratigraphic analysis of the Cincinnatian Series in Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky is strongly advocated.
Use of potentially infected donor hearts for cardiac transplantation.

Abstract Despite the nationwide shortage of heart donors, more patients, some of whom are critically ill, are being accepted as candidates for transplantation. Thus, on occasion, we have liberalized our donor criteria to meet the demand. We have recently transplanted 16 potentially infected donor hearts into critically ill recipients. Of these 16 donors, 7 had multiple positive blood cultures as follows: Streptococcus pneumoniae (3), Staphylococcus aureus (2), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1), and Enterobacter sp (1). Seven other donors were accepted despite high fevers (rectal temperature >38.9 °C), leukocytosis (>18 × 10 9 /L [>18,000 cells/μL]), and pulmonary infiltrates with positive sputa ( Enterobacter [3], Klebsiella pneumoniae [2], and Staphylococcus [2]). Two other donors with hepatitis B surface antigen positivity were deemed at high risk but were used because the recipients were in immediate need. Early mortality (≤30 days) among the recipients was 3 / 16 (18.7%) with 1 patient dying of uncontrolled allograft rejection, 1 of hepatic failure, and 1 of Pseudomonas septicemia. Late mortality (>30 days after operation) occurred in 6 patients: 2 patients died of hepatic failure, 3 died of graft atherosclerosis, and 1 died of iatrogenic hemorrhage after a liver biopsy. Only 1 patient died of infection unrelated to that of the donor, and the other patients had no infectious complications resulting from the organisms identified in their respective donors. Use of potentially infected donor hearts resulted in surprisingly few infectious complications in this group of recipients. This practice can be safe and should be considered when other options are unavailable.
An admissibility condition for equilibrium shocks in finite elasticity

The equations governing the equilibrium of a finitely deformed elastic solid are derived from the Principle of Minimum Potential Energy. The possibility of the deformation gradient and the stresses being discontinuous across certain surfaces in the body — “equilibrium shocks” — is allowed for. In addition to the equilibrium equations, natural boundary conditions and traction continuity condition, a supplementary jump condition which is to hold across the surface of discontinuity is derived. This condition is shown to imply that a stable equilibrium shock must necessarily be dissipation-free.
Excitation cross section of erbium-doped GaN waveguides under 980 nm optical pumping

Excitation cross section of erbium-doped GaN waveguides is measured to be approximately 2.2×10−21cm2 at 980 nm pumping wavelength. This cross section value is found relatively insensitive to the crystalline quality of epilayers. However, spontaneous emission carrier lifetimes in these waveguides are directly related to both the crystalline quality and the optical loss, and thus can be used as a material quality indicator.
The effectiveness of live-coding to teach introductory programming

Live-coding is defined as "the process of designing and implementing a [coding] project in front of class during lecture period". In this article we present our research design and results regarding the effectiveness of live-coding to teach introductory programming. The research design includes two experimental groups spread across four sections of an introductory C++ course at Colorado School of Mines. In the control group, students were taught using static code, meaning that instructors never typed, but instead viewed, compiled, and executed code examples. In the experimental or "live-coding" group, instructors started each lecture with a blank screen, and taught code examples by systematically typing, compiling, and testing code to solve example problems.To assess the effectiveness of live-coding, we administered four surveys and analyzed final grades. Two of the surveys were given at the beginning of the course, and were used to measure baseline programming knowledge and student learning preferences (i.e., VARK). The other two surveys, given at the end of the course, were designed to measure the amount of programming knowledge obtained as well as preferences towards live coding. Lastly, final grades were analyzed in terms of its subcomponents: the assignments, exams, final project, and overall grade. Based on our results, we conclude that teaching via live-coding is as good as if not better than using static code examples.
Using warehouse workforce flexibility to offset forecast errors

The impact of forecast errors on organizational cost, and the usefulness of worker flexibility measures in offsetting their negative effects were evaluated in a labor intensive warehouse environment. Unlike past studies measuring forecast error in terms of forecast standard deviation, this study also considers the impact of forecast bias, which occurs when the mean of the error distribution is non-zero. Results indicate that forecast bias is more damaging to warehouse cost, compared to forecast standard deviation. Workforce flexibility measures, such as worker cross-training and proportion of full and part-time labor, provide a solid buffer against forecast standard deviation. However, they are much less effective against forecast bias. This has important managerial implications as a large portion of forecast bias is managerially introduced.
The link between strong public relationships and donor support

Based upon a mail survey completed by 275 donors of a non-profit organization, this study measured the association between perceptions of public relationships and donor support. A modified version of Hon and Grunig's [Hon, L. & Grunig, J. E. (1999). Guidelines for measuring relationships in public relations. Gainsville, FL: Institute for Public Relations] relationship scale was used. Results of one-way analyses of variance indicate that strong public relationships are not related to amount donated, but they are associated with years of support, happiness to continue donating, and happiness to recommend others to donate.
Overlapping but unique DNA binding specificities of the Ah receptor and constitutive dioxin-responsive element binding proteins from human keratinocytes

To understand the relationships between the protein architecture assembled on dioxin-responsive elements (DRE) and transcriptional regulation by dioxin in human keratinocytes, the nuclear DRE-binding proteins from human keratinocytes were identified and characterized. In addition to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) complex inducible by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), nuclear extracts from 3 human keratinocyte cell lines also contained one or more proteins that bound specifically to the DRE but whose levels were unaffected by TCDD or by anti-AHR antibody pretreatment. Alteration of a conserved T, within the core DRE sequence needed for transcriptional activation by the AHR complex, did not affect AHR binding but severely affected the ability of the constitutive proteins to bind. These data suggest that the nonidentical interplay of the AHR and constitutive DRE-binding proteins on the DRE is important in the regulation of genes whose expression is controlled by DRE.
On Grading Religions, Seeking Truth, and Being Nice to People – A Reply to Professor Hick

Professor Hick's recent contribution to Religious Studies, ‘On Grading Religions’, is, like all his work, lucidly written and full of philosophical meat. A complete discussion of his paper in the light of his earlier work would require a lengthy study for which there is no space here; the intention of this short reply to Professor Hick is different. We feel that the view expressed in this and other works of Professor Hick's is in danger of becoming the conventional wisdom about the functions of reason in assessing religious truth-claims among philosophers of religion on both sides of the Atlantic, and that this should not be permitted to happen without some wider ventilation of the extremely important philosophical issues at stake. This reply is thus an attempt to stimulate controversy and to explore alternatives.
A numerical method for systems of conservation laws of mixed type admitting hyperbolic flux splitting

The present treatment of elliptic regions via hyperbolic flux-splitting and high order methods proposes a flux splitting in which the corresponding Jacobians have real and positive/negative eigenvalues. While resembling the flux splitting used in hyperbolic systems, the present generalization of such splitting to elliptic regions allows the handling of mixed-type systems in a unified and heuristically stable fashion. The van der Waals fluid-dynamics equation is used. Convergence with good resolution to weak solutions for various Riemann problems are observed.
DETONATION-GENERATED PLASMAS

ABS>Photographic sequences at the rate of a million exposures a second of the brilliantly luminous, highly ionized gas clouds or detonation-generated plasmas emitted from free surfaces of detonating explosives, showing interesting com pressional, extrusion and expansion effects are presented and discussed. Means of separating and differentiating the shock waves and plasmas associated with the detonation of condensed explosives are illustrated. Examples of plasma explosions are presented illustrating the particular metastable character of these plasmas. Measurements of the velocity-conductivity-density relations in the plasmas are presented and their resemblance to metals discussed. (auth)
Vaccination coverage levels among children enrolled in the Vaccine Safety Datalink

Abstract Introduction The Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) is a collaborative project whose infrastructure provides comprehensive medical and immunization histories for more than 9 million adults and children annually, a predominantly insured population. This study provides the coverage rates of recommended vaccines among children 19–35 months in the VSD from 2005 through 2010. We examine the consistency in vaccine coverage levels, detect possible trends, and evaluate any effect of vaccine shortages on coverage in the VSD. Methods We included data from all 10 VSD sites, and examined each year independently. Coverage rates were defined as the percentage of children in the VSD aged 19, 24, or 35 months in a given study year who had received the specified Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended vaccine(s). Results We assessed coverage on 658,154 children. The overall coverage rate for children receiving all of the specified ACIP recommended vaccines was 73%, 80%, and 78% at ages 19, 24, and 35 months respectively. The range of coverage across all ages and years was 95–97% for polio vaccine, 91–97%, for MMR vaccine, 94–97% for HepB vaccine, 81–95% for DTaP vaccine, 90–95% for varicella vaccine, 66–91% for PCV, and 93–98% for Hib vaccine. Coverage rates of 4 or more doses of PCV were relatively low in 2005 possibly due to a vaccine shortage, and increased sharply in 2007. Hib vaccine coverage was relatively stable among all ages until 2009 when rates declined among children aged 19 and 24 months also during a vaccine shortage. Conclusions Vaccine coverage in the VSD is high, but there is a decline from 2005 to 2010. The results of this study provide benchmark data for future studies, and describe how vaccine supply shortages and resulting changes in ACIP recommendations may have affected vaccine coverage rates in the VSD.
Strangulated femoral hernia; relationship of contents of hernial sac to clinical manifestations and prognosis.

CUTE strangujation of a femoraI A hernia has been recognized generaIIy as a surgica1 condition in which the fataIity rate is very high.6 For many years a11 efforts to improve this situation have achieved only minor success. The hazard associated with this surgica1 disease is reffected in the high fataIity rate which may be attributed to many factors. Perhaps one of the most significant and often overlooked factors that affects the prognosis is the contents of the femora1 hernia1 sac. When the pathoIogic condition of the abdomina1 or peIvic viscera stranguIated within the hernia1 sac is given ample consideration and evaIuation, it is seen that the fataIity rates recorded among members of the various age groups are surprisingIy comparabIe. The reIativeIy high frequency with which portions of the smaI1 intestine and omenturn are found stranguIa.ted and obstructed in the femora1 hernia1 sac has been acknowIedged by surgeons for many years. The associated high fataIity rate often has been attributed to the advanced age and poor cIinica1 condition of the patients,” without giving the proper amount of attention to the responsibIe factor: the pathoIogic condition of the viscera stranguIated in the hernia1 sac. In addition to portions of the smaI1 intestine and omentum parts of many other structures have been reported as occupying femora1 hernia1 sacs.3 Some of these structures are the coIon, cecum, appendix, sigmoid, bIadder, ovary, faIIopian tube, uterus, gaIIbIadder, kidney, testicIe, stomach and Iiver. However, many of these organs have been in simple or incarcerated femora1 hernias whereas the present report is concerned with the contents of the sac in stranguIated femora1 hernias. A comprehensive study of 104 cases in which stranguIated femora1 hernia was treated surgicaIIy at the Mayo CIinic from Igo7 to 1946 has been compIeted recentIy by one of us (J. P. J.). Certain observations and concIusions derived from this investigative work wiI1 be reviewed and discussed in this report.
Screening for PTSD in a substance abuse sample: Psychometric properties of a modified version of the PTSD symptom scale self-report

The high rate of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among substance use disorder (SUD) patients has been documented in research protocols, but there is evidence that it is markedly under-diagnosed in clinical settings. To address the need for a brief self-report measure to identify SUD patients who may benefit from further assessment and/or treatment for PTSD, the psychometric properties of a modified version of the PTSD Symptom Scale Self-Report (PSS-SR) were examined in a treatment-seeking SUD sample (N = 118). The modified version of the PSS-SR, which measures both frequency and severity of PTSD symptoms, demonstrated good internal consistency reliability and was correlated with other self-report measures of trauma-related symptomatology. Comparisons between a structured PTSD diagnostic interview and the modified PSS-SR indicated that 89% of the PTSD positive patients were correctly classified by the modified PSS-SR. The clinical relevance of these findings was discussed.
Operation Desert Shield: medical aspects of weapons of mass destruction

Our concern over possible use of weapons of mass destruction against U.S. forces in the Middle East has increased because Iraq has violated the Geneva Protocol of 1925 and the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention, attempted to acquire nuclear capability and delivery systems, and is reported to be developing biological weapons. The Army Medical Department has had no experience, since World War I, in the management and treatment of mass casualties contaminated by chemical agents, and has never treated casualties resulting from the use of nuclear or biological weapons used against our soldiers. Management and diagnosis of casualties will be complicated by their possible exposure to a mixture of chemical warfare and biological warfare agents. Triage is an essential aspect in the management of mass casualties since the number of injured patients will exceed the maximum medical capability to treat each patient on arrival. All levels of medical support must be prepared to protect themselves, their equipment and supplies, and their patients from contamination. In contaminated operations on the integrated battlefield, it will be of utmost importance to incorporate flexibility and innovation to match the medical and tactical situation.
Social Comparison of Grades: The Influence of Mode of Comparison and Machiavellianism.

Summary The following hypotheses were tested in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design in which Performance Outcome and Mode of Comparison were manipulated: (a) Subjects evaluated with reference to social comparison display a greater preference for their mode of comparison (grading system) than subjects evaluated by self-comparison of grades, and (b) Machiavellian subjects show a greater preference for social comparison of grades than for self-comparison of grades. An analysis of variance of scores of preferred mode of comparison yielded support for both hypotheses, suggesting that the preference for explicit interpersonal comparisons between students may be an outgrowth of the competitive nature of American education.
Synthesis and structural characterization of unsymmetrical osmocenes containing the pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligand

Abstract Treatment of dibromo(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)osmium(III) dimer with alkali metal salts of a variety of cyclopentadienyl derivatives provides a simple approach to the synthesis of unsymmetrical osmocenes containing the pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligand. Furthermore, the reaction of dibromo(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)osmium(III) with alkali metal salts of pyrrole and 3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazole afforded the corresponding pentamethylcyclopentadienylosmium complexes containing η5-pyrrolyl or η5-3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazolato ligands. This overall synthetic approach afforded pentamethylosmocene (64%), (η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)(η5-indenyl)osmium (36%), (η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)(η5-fluorenyl)osmium (30%), (η5-pyrrolyl)(η5-pentamethylyclopentadienyl)osmium (30%), and (η5-3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazolato)(η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)osmium (38%). The new complexes were characterized by spectroscopic and analytical techniques, and by single crystal X-ray structural determinations. In the solid state, all of the new complexes exist as eclipsed metallocenes.
Efficient Hessian Calculations Using Automatic Differentiation and the Adjoint Method with Applications

In this paper an efficient general algorithm to calculate the Hessian of a steady or unsteady functional of interest in the context of computational fluid dynamics is outlined, verified, and applied to an aerodynamic optimization and to an extrapolation example. The successful extrapolation is then applied to approximate Monte Carlo simulations for artificial geometric uncertainty analysis. The presented optimization and extrapolation examples demonstrate that the combination of automatic differentiation and an adjoint method to calculate the Hessian of a steady or unsteady objective function, and thereby obtaining second-order information, can be an efficient tool for optimization and uncertainty quantification.
Learning Leadership Skills in High School

Abstract Leadership is learnable—it begins with leading oneself. Leadership is inspirational—it inspires in others the sustainable values that guide their pursuit of success and significance in life. Inspiration, transparency, trust, reputation, purpose, and commitment have become the operating currency of leadership in a morally interdependent world. The most powerful form of human influence is inspiration. Inspiring and nurturing the world's future leaders in a secondary-school setting merits being an educator's highest priority and most lasting legacy. Leadership is no longer just for formal leaders. The nation's secondary schools must find a way to cascade leadership across the campus to create millions of new dispersed leaders.
Revisiting shock waves in metals

We cast Wallace's theory of thermoplastic flow in conservative form. We point out the difference between our formulation, which accounts for contact with an external energy reservoir, and previous formulations of thermoplastic flow. The theory is exploited to show that the experiments of Johnson and Barker on 6062-T6 Al can be interpreted as a weak shock wave that splits into an infinite sequence of “infinitesimal”, shocks, caused by increasing plasticity, leading to the observed smooth temporal velocity profile (a dispersed wave). We predict that overdriven shock waves in metals will split as well. We also re-examine the need for invoking a heat dissipation mechanism for overdriven shocks. It is briefly pointed out that our approach of casting the theory of thermoplastic flow in divergence form can be generalized easily to account for heat release in energetic solids.
Multiple aspects of homocysteine neurotoxicity: glutamate excitotoxicity, kinase hyperactivation and DNA damage.

Homocysteine (HC) is a neurotoxic amino acid that accumulates in several neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examined the consequences of treatment of cultured murine cortical neurons with HC. Homocysteine-induced increases in cytosolic calcium, reactive oxygen species, phospho-tau immunoreactivity and externalized phosphatidyl serine (indicative of apoptosis). Homocysteine-induced calcium influx through NMDA channel activation, which stimulated glutamate excitotoxicity, as evidenced by treatment with antagonists of the NMDA channel and metabotropic glutamate receptors, respectively. The NMDA channel antagonist MK-801 reduced tau phosphorylation but not apoptosis after HC treatment, suggesting that HC-mediated apoptosis was not due to calcium influx. Apoptosis after HC treatment was reduced by co-treatment with 3-aminobenazmidine (3ab), an inhibitor of poly-ADP-ribosome polymerase (PARP), consistent with previous reports that ATP depletion by PARP-mediated repair of DNA strand breakage mediated HC-induced apoptosis. Treatment with 3ab did not reduce tau phosphorylation, however, therefore hyperphosphorylation of tau may not contribute to HC-induced apoptosis under these conditions. Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase by co-treatment with the kinase inhibitor PD98059 inhibited tau phosphorylation but not apoptosis after HC treatment. HC accumulation reduces cellular levels of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM); co-treatment with SAM reduced apoptosis, suggesting that inhibition of critical methylation reactions may mediate HC-induced apoptosis. These findings indicate that HC compromises neuronal homeostasis by multiple, divergent routes.
MODE STRUCTURE AND THE NOISE PERFORMANCE OF A GAIN-GUIDED AMPLIFIER

The spatial structure of a gain-guided amplifier is naturally described by a set of nonorthogonal modes. We present an analysis of the mode structure of an amplifier with a focused Gaussian gain. It is found that the modes are spatially narrower and have a different radius of curvature than the corresponding free-space modes. A calculation of the signal-to-noise ratio shows that the spatial structure of the input field has a significant effect on the amplifier noise performance.
Geopolitical Maize: Peasant Seeds, Everyday Practices, and Food Security in Mexico

This paper draws from research on small-scale maize production in Mexico’s Central Highland region to discuss the geopolitical implications of everyday agricultural practices. An overwhelming majority of maize farmers in this region, as well as in the country more broadly, continue to cultivate locally adapted maize varieties they have bred themselves – criollo maize is the vernacular term – despite decades of concerted government attempts to effect the widespread adoption of commercially bred and licensed hybrid varieties. This state effort to restructure agricultural systems and food security according to nationalist and capitalist priorities is one tactic in a long and violent struggle for control over peasant land and labour in Mexico. By integrating feminist scholarship in geopolitics and in political ecology, I am following the lead of geographers who regard the materialities of everyday life as a foundation for political tensions and conflicts that are constantly unfolding along intersecting lines ...