cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
218 Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: Control by radiation

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is an exceptionally low grade malignant fibroblastic neoplasm of the dermis. Metastasis are almost unknown following successful treatment of the primary lesion. Histopathologically, DFSP closely resembles benign fibrous histiocytoma. These lesions locally infiltrate and exhibit a high local regrowth rate following conservative surgery. We have employed radiation in the management of 16 patients for their DFSP alone or in combination with surgery. No patient has been lost to follow-up with the most recent examination at 2 to 10 years post treatment. The tumors were primary (II) and recurrent (5). Local control has been achieved in 14 of the 16; 9 of 11 primary and 5 of 5 recurrent DFSP. Treatment has been radiation and surgery in 12 with local control in 10 of 12. The 4 patients treated by radiation alone have local control (4/4); 3 of these were recurrent following prior surgery. The two patients who failed locally after surgery and post-operative radiation are alive without evidence of their DFSP at > 2 years following salvage surgery. This limited experience demonstrates that radiation is an effective therapeutic modality against DFSP and can be recommended fur those patients who are inoperable for medical or technical reasons or for whom the functional cosmetic price would be unacceptable to the patient.
Icosahedral virus particles as polyvalent carbohydrate display platforms.

Icosahedral viruses can serve as robust and programmable scaffolds to which a wide variety of chemical and biological structures may be attached. [1] Their advantages include biocompatibility, the display of functional groups on both the inside and outside surfaces of the viral coat protein; very large size (on the chemical scale) allowing for the independent attachment of different units to noninteracting positions and their presentation to the environment on dimensions relevant to those of biological cells; and the ability to introduce amino acid residues with unique reactivity in designed locations of the capsid structure. No other type of scaffold of comparable size is available for which the structure is known to near atomic resolution. Among other applications, we seek to employ virus particles to display biochemical units of importance to
SWITCHING PROPERTIES IN BUBBLES, BALLOONS, CAPILLARIES AND ALVEOLI*

Devices made of curved elastic membranes can exhibit switching properties similar to those of neon bulbs, tunnel diodes, and other electronic devices having N-shaped current-voltage characteristics. It is the existence of a negative-slope region in the pressure-volume characteristic — called the negative-resistance region in electronics — that produces this switching behavior. Negative-slope regions are found in the pressure-volume curves of soap bubbles, common rubber balloons, blood vessels, and the alveoli of the lungs. The basis of the negative-slope region is discussed, and some of the relevant literature dealing with on-off (or open-closed) switching control in the circulatory and respiratory systems is reviewed. It is shown that the abrupt switching that occurs in connection with an N-shaped pressure-volume curve is characteristic of normal physiological functioning.
Thin Liquid Films: Instabilities of Driven Coating Flows on a Rough Surface

The flow of a thin layer of fluid on a solid surface is of considerable technological importance; many industrial applications, ranging from spin coating of microchips to the design of photographic film, are susceptible to often undesirable instabilities. We use a recently developed numerical scheme to analyze the problem of flow down an inclined plane, and concentrate on the case of completely wetting fluid characterized by a small precursor film height, b. In particular, we explore the role of imperfections of the solid surface, exploring the influence of the length scale of the surface roughness on the film stability and eventual pattern formation (fingers and rivulets). It is found that perturbations characterized by very short length scale do not influence considerably the film stability, in contrast to the perturbations specified by longer length scales. Further, we find that the role of imperfections becomes more pronounced at smaller precursor film thicknesses, b. We also analyze the effect of a time dependent body force on the film stability.
Human DNA polymerase beta deoxyribose phosphate lyase. Substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism.

DNA polymerase beta (beta-pol) cleaves the sugar-phosphate bond 3' to an intact apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site (i.e. AP lyase activity). The same bond is cleaved even if the AP site has been previously 5'-incised by AP endonuclease, resulting in a 5' 2-deoxyribose 5-phosphate (i.e. dRP lyase activity). We characterized these lyase reactions by steady-state kinetics with the amino-terminal 8-kDa domain of beta-pol and with the entire 39-kDa polymerase. Steady-state kinetic analyses show that the Michaelis constants for both the dRP and AP lyase activities of beta-pol are similar. However, kcat is approximately 200-fold lower for the AP lyase activity on an intact AP site than for an AP endonuclease-preincised site. The 8-kDa domain was also less efficient with an intact AP site than on a preincised site. The full-length enzyme and the 8-kDa domain efficiently remove the 5' dRP from a preincised AP site in the absence of Mg2+, and the pH profiles of beta-pol and 8-kDa domain dRP lyase catalytic efficiency exhibit a broad alkaline pH optimum. An inhibitory effect of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate on the dRP lyase activity is consistent with involvement of a primary amine (Lys72) as the Schiff base nucleophile during lyase chemistry.
Comparing Methods of Racial and Ethnic Disparities Measurement across Different Settings of Mental Health Care

Introduction. The ability to track improvement against racial/ethnic disparities in mental health care is hindered by the varying methods and disparity definitions used in previous research. Data. Nationally representative sample of whites, blacks, and Latinos from the 2002 to 2006MedicalExpenditure PanelSurvey. Dependent variablesare total, outpatient,and prescription drug mental health care expenditure. Methods. Rank- and propensity score-based methods concordant with the Institute of Medicine (IOM) definition of health care disparities were compared with commonly used disparities methods. To implement the IOM definition, we modeled expenditures using a two-part GLM, adjusted distributions of need variables, and predicted expenditures for each racial/ethnic group. Findings. Racial/ethnic disparities were significant for all expenditure measures. Disparity estimates from the IOM-concordant methods were similar to one another but greater than a method using the residual effect of race/ethnicity. Black‐white and Latino‐white disparities were found for any expenditure in each category and Latino‐white disparities were significant in expenditure conditional on use. Conclusions. Findings of disparities in access among blacks and disparities in access and expenditures after initiation among Latinos suggest the need for continued policy efforts targeting disparities reduction. In these data, the propensity score-based method and the rank-and-replace method were precise and adequate methods of implementing the IOM definition of disparity.
Using sandpaper for noninvasive transepidermal optical skin clearing agent delivery.

We present a gentle mechanical method for the noninvasive transepidermal delivery of topically applied optical skin clearing agents. Optical skin clearing reduces light scattering in highly turbid skin with the aid of hyperosmotic chemicals such as glycerol, polyethylene glycol, and solutions of dextrose. Transepidermal delivery of such agents is believed to be most patient compliant and most likely to be used in a clinical environment. Optical skin clearing has the potential to expand the current limited use of laser light in medicine for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Light scattering limits the penetration depth of collimated light into skin. In order to increase the diffusion of topically applied optical skin clearing agents into skin, we present a gentle mechanical delivery method involving glycerol and dextrose as optical skin clearing agents and fine 220-grit sandpaper to rub the clearing agent into the tissue. Gentle rubbing causes abrasion of the superficial skin layer including the stratum corneum, which otherwise prevents these optical skin clearing agents from freely diffusing into skin. Results indicate very fast optical skin clearing rates. In vivo hamster skin turned transparent within 2 min. The 1/e light penetration depth increased by 36±3.75% for dextrose and 43±8.24% for glycerol. Optical skin clearing was reversed using phosphate buffered saline solution. Skin viability was observed 70 h post-treatment and showed scabbing and erythema on a few percent of the total optically cleared skin surface.
The use of fluorescence resonance energy transfer to monitor dynamic changes of lipid–DNA interactions during lipoplex formation

Abstract Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was used to monitor interactions between Cy3-labeled plasmid DNA and NBD-labeled cationic liposomes. FRET data show that binding of cationic liposomes to DNA occurs immediately upon mixing (within 1 min), but FRET efficiencies do not stabilize for 1–5 h. The time allowed for complex formation has effects on in vitro luciferase transfection efficiencies of DOPE-based lipoplexes; i.e., lipoplexes prepared with a 1-h incubation have much higher transfection efficiencies than samples with 1-min or 5-h incubations. The molar charge ratio of DOTAP to negatively charged phosphates in the DNA (DOTAP+/DNA−) also affected the interaction between liposomes and plasmid DNA, and interactions stabilized more rapidly at higher charge ratios. Lipoplexes formulated with DOPE were more resistant to high ionic strength than complexes formulated with cholesterol. Taken together, our data demonstrate that lipid–DNA interactions and in vitro transfection efficiencies are strongly affected by the time allowed for complex formation. This effect is especially evident in DOPE-based lipoplexes, and suggests that the time allowed for lipoplex formation is a parameter that should be carefully controlled in future studies.
Taxing Horse Race Gambling: the Revenue Potential

The revenuo potential of horse race gambling taxation is analyzed by compar-Abstract ing and reconciling the results of recent studies by Gruen and Suits. The different results are reconciled by analyzing the horse racing industry with the traditional theory of a monopoly. The optimum tax rate is calculated for the two sets of data and is only slightly above the actual rate. The state is currently realizing most of the revenue potential from this type of taxation.
Spatial constraint of peatland butterfly occurrences within a heterogeneous landscape.

The occurrence of ten butterfly taxa (Clossiana eunomia dawsonii, Clossiana freija, Clossiana frigga, Clossiana titania, Coenonympha inornata, Erebia discoidalis, Incisalia augustinus, Lycaena dorcas, Lycaena epixanthe, Oeneis jutta) was analyzed within three acid peatland habitat types from the Lake Superior drainage basin of northwestern Wisconsin. Both first- (nearest-neighbor spatial analysis) and second-order (Ripley's K) spatial point process statistics were used to identify the extents over which each distribution pattern significantly deviated from random expectations. Versions of these tests were used that identified significant spatial pattern uncorrelated to habitat location and habitat preference. These analyses documented non-random occurrence patterns in seven species. Deviations from random were largely confined to two extents: <50 km and 70–100+ km. The majority of non-random patterns at <50 km extents were examples of aggregation, while the majority of non-random patterns noted at the 70–100+ km scale were examples of segregation. These results demonstrate that even for winged animals inside a limited landscape, spatially constrained processes can be important determinants of distribution. It is likely that metapopulation dynamics and dispersal limitation help explain why aggregation is dominant at small scales. The mechanisms underlying the predominance of segregation at large scales are less clear, but may be related to migration history and/or weak environmental gradients.
Sneak Peeks at Insurrection: Portrayals of the Irish Republican Army in Film Trailers

The Irish Republican Army (IRA) has historically enjoyed a degree of romantic sympathy from many supporters in the United States. To explore speculation that this patronage is mirrored by favorable IRA depictions in the entertainment media, this study describes a content analysis of trailers for 18 movies that feature the IRA in their plots. A comparison of featured character portrayals and violence depictions between U.S. and international films, using nation of production origin and nation of director origin alternately to identify comparison groups, fails to indicate any such pro-IRA Hollywood bias and may actually suggest the reverse.
Electrochemical reduction of palladium(II) in the basic aluminum chloride + 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride molten salt

La reduction electrochimique de PdCl 2 sur differentes electrodes (carbone vitreux, platine, tungstene) dans des sels fondus (AlCl 3 -chlorure de methyl-1 ethyl-3 imidazolium) est etudiee par voltammetrie cyclique et spectrometrie photoelectrique
Modeling and analysis of closed-loop gate drive

In this work, the closed-loop gate drive is modeled and mathematically analyzed. The simulated results show good agreement with experimental results. The reported analysis method and tool can provide guidelines for the closed-loop gate drive design in real applications. This work proposed a new mathematical method for IGBT switching transient behaviors modeling and gate drive control analysis. In the proposed method, equivalent circuits are developed according different power device operating conditions and circuit behaviors are mathematically described with state equations.
Widening mortality disparities by educational attainment among native-born Americans adults over 3 decades of follow up: the mystery deepens

Mortality disparities between high school dropouts and high school graduates may be widening over time. These changes could simply reflect demographic changes among dropouts over time or could represent changes to the cognitive or social benefits of education itself. We used a unique dataset that contains 32 years of survey data, 38 years of mortality follow-up data, and a wide array of psychological, sociological, cognitive, and demographic questions to explore the underlying causes of widening disparities in survival among high school dropouts relative to graduates. We focus on individuals surveyed from 1978 through 1997, and focus on ten-year survival for each respondent. We confirm that mortality disparities between high school dropouts and high school graduates have widened over time. We also find that the racial composition, parental education, racial mix of neighborhoods, income, and verbal IQ of high school dropouts and high school graduates have changed greatly over the past three decades. However, while each of these factors is itself an important determinant of survival, we find that none of these factors (or combinations of them) explain the widening mortality disparities by high school graduation status over the two time periods we study. The widening disparities in survival time by educational attainment we observe are not linked to changes in the socio-demographic characteristics of high school dropouts relative to high school graduates.
An investigation of pulmonary surfactant physicochemical behavior under airway reopening conditions.

Airway reopening mechanics depend on surfactant physicochemical properties. During reopening, the progression of a finger of air down an airway creates an interface that is continually expanding in...
Optimization of an injection-controlled excimer laser guided by analytical modeling

The application of an analytical model describing the injection control of pulsed laser systems is successfully demonstrated for the design of a scaled XeF(C to A) excimer laser system. Enhancements to an earlier version o the model which improve the treatment of spatial beam overlap and saturation, unpumped volume, intracavity losses, and a noninteger number of roundtrips in the unstable resonator are described. These result in the accurate simulation of injection-controlled laser performance over a wide range of unstable resonator magnifications, mirror spacings, and intracavity optical losses. Excellent agreement between calculated and experimentally observed energies and temporal profiles of the injection-controlled laser output was obtained. >
Thermoprotection of a functional epithelium: heat stress effects on transepithelial transport by flounder renal tubule in primary monolayer culture.

Abstract Primary monolayer cultures of winter flounder renal proximal-tubule cells were used to determine whether transepithelial transport could be protected from the damaging effects of extreme temperature by previous mild heat shock. Renal tubule epithelial cells were enzymatically dispersed and reorganized as confluent monolayer sheets on native rat tail collagen. Transepithelial electrical properties (potential difference, resistance, short-circuit current, and Na(+)-dependent glucose current) and unidirectional [35S]sulfate fluxes were measured in Ussing chambers at 22 degrees C. Examination of transepithelial electrical properties following acute 1-hr elevation of temperature over a range of 22-37 degrees C provided the basis for the "mild" versus "severe" thermal stress protocols. Severe elevation from 22 degrees C to 32 degrees C for 1.5 hr followed by 1.5 hr at 22 degrees C significantly decreased glucose current (7 +/- 0.7 to 3 +/- 0.8 microA/cm2) as well as net sulfate secretion [131 +/- 11 to 33 +/- 11 nmol/(cm2.hr)]. Mild heat shock of 27 degrees C for 6 hr prior to this severe heat shock completely protected both glucose transport (6 +/- 0.7 microA/cm2) and sulfate flux (149 +/- 13 nmol/(cm2.hr)]. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the number of microvilli on the apical (luminal) surface of the epithelium was decreased after a 32 degrees C heat shock. Monolayers exposed to 27 degrees C for 6 hr prior to incubation at 32 degrees C showed no loss of microvilli. SDS/PAGE analysis of protein patterns from the cultures showed that three classes of heat shock proteins were maximally induced at 27 degrees C. Inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide prevented the thermoprotective effect of mild heat shock. This suggests that certain renal transport functions can be protected from sublethal but debilitating thermal stress by prior mild heat shock and that heat shock proteins may play a role in this protection.
Multimarker analysis and imputation of multiple platform pooling-based genome-wide association studies

Summary: For many genome-wide association (GWA) studies individually genotyping one million or more SNPs provides a marginal increase in coverage at a substantial cost. Much of the information gained is redundant due to the correlation structure inherent in the human genome. Pooling-based GWA studies could benefit significantly by utilizing this redundancy to reduce noise, improve the accuracy of the observations and increase genomic coverage. We introduce a measure of correlation between individual genotyping and pooling, under the same framework that r2 provides a measure of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between pairs of SNPs. We then report a new non-haplotype multimarker multi-loci method that leverages the correlation structure between SNPs in the human genome to increase the efficacy of pooling-based GWA studies. We first give a theoretical framework and derivation of our multimarker method. Next, we evaluate simulations using this multimarker approach in comparison to single marker analysis. Finally, we experimentally evaluate our method using different pools of HapMap individuals on the Illumina 450S Duo, Illumina 550K and Affymetrix 5.0 platforms for a combined total of 1 333 631 SNPs. Our results show that use of multimarker analysis reduces noise specific to pooling-based studies, allows for efficient integration of multiple microarray platforms and provides more accurate measures of significance than single marker analysis. Additionally, this approach can be extended to allow for imputing the association significance for SNPs not directly observed using neighboring SNPs in LD. This multimarker method can now be used to cost-effectively complete pooling-based GWA studies with multiple platforms across over one million SNPs and to impute neighboring SNPs weighted for the loss of information due to pooling. Contact: [email protected] Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Emerging Viral Diseases: Confronting Threats with New Technologies

Emerging viral diseases pose ongoing health threats, particularly in an era of globalization; however, new biomedical research technologies such as genome sequencing and structure-based vaccine and drug design have improved our ability to respond to viral threats.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations on the Asymmetric Wake Vortex Structures around an Oscillating Airfoil

Wake structures behind a sinusoidally pitching NACA0012 have been studied with both experimental and numerical approaches. The results from Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements and those from the high-order unstructured dynamic grid based spectral difference (SD) compressible Navier-Stokes (NS) solver agree well with each other. Two types of wake transition processes, namely the transition from a drag-indicative wake to a thrust-indicative wake and that from the symmetric wake to the asymmetric wake are experimentally investigated. Asymmetric wake phenomena have been emphasized in the study. The deflected wake is found to appear at approximately Strouhal number 0.31 and reduced frequency 15.1 for the pitching amplitude ૞ ࢕ . As the Strouhal number increases, the dipole mode of the vortex pair becomes more apparent, which is considered to be a vital element to form the asymmetric wake. Besides, the dependency of the deflective directions of the asymmetric wake on other parameters, e. g. initial phase angle, reduced frequency, has been analyzed both experimentally and numerically.
Legendre Functions with Both Parameters Large

By application of the theory for second-order linear differential equations with two turning points developed in the preceding paper, some new asymptotic approximations are obtained for the associated Legendre functions when both the degree n and order m are large. The approximations are expressed in terms of parabolic cylinder functions, and are uniformly valid with respect to x ∈ ( − 1 , 1 ) and m / ( n + 1 2 ) ∈ [ δ , 1 + Δ ] where δ and ∆ are arbitrary fixed numbers such that 0 0. The values of m and n + ½ are either both real, or both purely imaginary. In all cases explicit bounds are supplied for the error terms associated with the approximations.
Computationally efficient scheduled model predictive control for constrained nonlinear systems with stability guarantees

We present a computationally efficient scheduled formulation of model predictive control (MPC) for constrained nonlinear systems with large operating regions. We design a set of local predictive controllers with their explicit regions of stability covering the desired operating region, and implement them as a single scheduled MPC which switches between the set of local controllers and achieves nonlinear transitions with guaranteed stability. This algorithm is computationally efficient and provides a general framework for scheduled MPC design.
Advances in the treatment of diabetic foot infections.

Lower extremity infections are frequent causes of substantial morbidity and mortality in the diabetic population, and these infections consume a large portion of resources expended on diabetic complications. Gram-positive cocci, particularly Staphylococcus aureus, are the most important pathogens in diabetic foot infections. These organisms are predominant both in mild infections (which are often monomicrobial), as well as in more severe and chronic infected wounds that more often have a polymicrobial cause. Appropriate clinical assessment and culturing of infections are critical in establishing the presence and severity of infection, in detecting osteomyelitis, and in directing the optimal treatment approach. Following necessary debridement and other surgical interventions (e.g., bone resection, revascularization), appropriate antibiotic therapy is a cornerstone of managing the infected lower extremity. Peripheral vascular (i.e., arterial) insufficiency and the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resista...
Comparison of nine prognostic scores in patients with brain metastases of breast cancer receiving radiotherapy of the brain

Several prognostic indices (PI) have been developed to stratify patients with brain metastases in groups with good or bad prognosis. The aim of our study was to compare nine prognostic scores for patients with brain metastases (BM) of breast cancer receiving radiotherapy. The clinical data of 139 breast cancer patients with BM were collected retrospectively. All patients were treated with cerebral radiotherapy or surgery followed by radiotherapy between January 2007 and December 2012. The prognostic value and accuracy of recursive partitioning analysis (RPA), RPA II, graded prognostic assessment (GPA), basic score for BM, Breast-RPA, Breast-GPA, Rades Score 2011, Germany Score and Breast Rades Score were assessed. The median survival after BM diagnosis in our cohort was 14 months. The overall 6-month, 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were 49.6, 37.4, 20.9 and 13.7 %, respectively. Most of the PI were associated with OS, but univariate analysis favored GPA regarding OS. GPA was the most accurate score to identify patients with long (longer than 12 months) and Breast-GPA patients with short (<3 months) life expectancy. GPA and Breast-GPA seem to be the most useful scores and perform better than other PI for breast cancer patients with BM receiving radiotherapy.
Pressure and Kinetic Energy of Jets with Non-Zero Radial Velocity

This paper describes the effect that a converging radial velocity has on the kinetic energy of starting jets, by deriving a model for kinetic energy and actuator pressure in terms of velocity profiles at the jet entrance boundary. An experimental jet actuator is used to create starting jets with both parallel and converging streamlines entering the domain. This experiment showed that converging jets create more than double the total kinetic energy of equivalent parallel jets which is well captured by the model.
An Introduction to Intraoperative Ultrasound

Intraoperative ultrasound is an extremely useful adjunct in both open and minimally invasive surgery. Use of ultrasound for central venous access has become standard of care; however, the focus of this chapter is on other uses of ultrasound in the operating room. Intraoperative ultrasound has an important role in oncologic surgery, specifically in identifying the location of tumors and their relationship to surrounding structures, especially in the liver and the pancreas. Identifying the presence and extent of tumor thrombus has incredibly important implications in surgery for Wilms’ tumor. Ultrasound is an excellent tool to identify the location of abscesses. In the operating room, ultrasound can be used to identify the location of deep soft-tissue or intra-abdominal abscess. Similarly, it can identify the presence of pleural fluid, help distinguish between loculated and simple fluid, and guide drainage of a pleural effusion or emypema. When concerns about blood flow arise in the operating room, color Doppler can be used to confirm adequate blood flow. Ultrasound may be helpful to identify a foreign body in the soft tissue that is not seen on X-ray. Ultrasound is an extremely powerful tool that can be used in countless situations in the operating room. It should be looked at as another tool available to the surgeon, and its use is not limited to those discussed in this chapter.
Hemodynamics Numerical Simulation of Stenosis Bifurcation

The main purpose of this research is to analyze blood flow in various scenarios such as 20%, 50% and 80% blockage in blood vessel due to aortic atherosclerosis. Valuable Information for clinical diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases can be obtained by analyzing the behavior of blood flow and its variations. An idealized numerical model of the human bifurcated aorta is created then simulations of steady blood flow were performed on this model and various parameters have been considered. The model parameters include the blood flow velocity, pressure, wall shear stress (WSS) of vessels, constant blood density and constant viscosity. The data computed from software indicates behavior of blood flow according to changes in physical properties of blood vessel. These results are mostly similar to physiological and pathological results of vessels observed in clinical practice. This study will eventually help to find the Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) of blood flow and blood vessel which will be bring a favorable change in cardiovascular diseases treatments.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
High-Speed Flow Control with Electrical Discharges

Numerical calculations were carried out to examine the physics of the operation of nanosecond-pulse, single dielectric barrier discharges for high-speed ow control. Conditions were selected to be representative of the stagnation region of a Mach 5 cylinder ow that was the subject of recent experiments. A four-species formulation was employed, including neutrals, ions, electrons, and a representative excited molecular species. The following models were employed to predict particle motion: a drift-di usion formulation for the charged particles, a di usion equation for the excited molecules, and a ve-moment uid formulation for the neutrals. The Poisson equation was solved for the electric potential. During a 20 kV Gaussian input pulse lasting approximately 120 ns, an average energy density of about 40 J/m was stored in excited molecular states. Quenching reactions released this stored energy within about 10 s, converting it into translational energy of the neutrals and forming weak shock waves. The maximum neutral gas temperature rise predicted by the model was about 40 K.
Resistance of houseflies to common used insecticides in Nanjing Hexi area

Objective To grasp and understand the resistance situation of houseflies to four common insecticides in Nanjing Hexi area,and research on its control strategy.Methods Topical application.Results The resistance rates of houseflies to DDVP,permethrin,cypermethrin and deltamethrin had reached a high level in Nanjing Hexi area.Conclusion Houseflies has resistance to common used insecticides.The high resistance may be due largely to the long using and heavy application of insecticides.
Establishment of the Skin Photosensitization Study Method in Guinea Pigs

Objective To explore and establish the method for the skin photosensitization in guinea pigs.Methods TBS was used as the positive control,and the Acetone as the negtive control.The shaved skin of the guinea pigs was irradiated with UV-A radiation of 30 J/cm2 repeated every 2 days for 3 consencutive days.After 4 weeks of initial sensitization,the skin of the guinea pigs was irradiated with UV-A radiation of 9 J/cm2.Results Positive ratio of the negtive control 24h,48h and 72h after irridiating was 0,and the positive control was 100%.Conclusions The skin photosensitization model was established successfully,and the TBS used as the positive control was available.
DNA damage-associated biomarkers in studying individual sensitivity to low-dose radiation from cardiovascular imaging.

The use of diagnostic imaging and image-guided interventions using low-dose ionizing radiation has increased dramatically in recent years. This is explained by dramatic advances in imaging technology which provide invaluable diagnostic information for clinical decision-making.1 Although the benefits of appropriate use of advanced imaging technology outweigh the risks, the medical use of X-ray-based imaging techniques has become a leading source of man-made radiation exposure to the general population. According to a recent report by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, the total radiation exposure from medical imaging has increased six-fold from the early 1980s to the present, and currently almost 40% of medical radiation exposure (excluding radiotherapy) comes from cardiovascular imaging and image-guided interventions.2,3 This has prompted renewed interest in the potential long-term risks of low-dose radiation exposure for patients, physicians, and technical staff members.4,5 Clinical decision-making inherently requires balancing the potential benefits of e.g. a cardiac-imaging procedure and intervention with the projected risks, including those from radiation exposure. Although risk estimates for low-dose radiation exposures and international guidelines exist,6,7 these have been developed predominantly for the purpose of radiation protection and the development of occupational dose limits for radiation exposed workers (such as some physicians). Risk estimates for medical low-dose radiation exposure are associated with substantial uncertainties—to some extent this is due to the fact that our understanding of the biological effects of low-dose radiation exposure in humans is incomplete.6,8 Radiation dose from medical imaging, commonly referred to as effective dose, is expressed in units of millisieverts, which is the weighted average of the absorbed dose in mGy multiplied …
Reoperations and catheter interventions in patients with transposition of the great arteries after the arterial switch operation.

OBJECTIVES Reoperations and catheter interventions after the arterial switch operation (ASO) are relatively rare, but their frequency varies among different centres. They significantly impact the postoperative course of children with transposition of the great arteries (TGA). The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of reoperations and catheter interventions in patients with TGA after the ASO and to identify the potential risk factors. METHODS For this retrospective case review study we included all consecutive 715 patients with TGA who underwent the ASO in the Department of Cardiac Surgery between the years 1991 and 2015. All of the surgical procedures were performed by one cardiac surgery team led by J.J.M., using the same surgical technique with his own specific modifications. RESULTS The overall early mortality after the ASO was 7.4%; late mortality occurred in 15 cases (2.3%) and the mean clinical follow-up of our cohort was 10.5 years. Early reoperations (<30 days after surgery) were performed in 37 patients (5.1%). Reoperations were performed in 31 patients (4.7% of survivors), and their risk factors were previous early reoperation and left ventricle outflow tract obstruction, while isolated TGA reduced the risk of reoperations. Catheter interventions were performed in 25 patients (3.8% of survivors). In the majority of the cases, the indications for percutaneous procedures were pulmonary stenosis and recoarctation of the aorta. The statistically significant risk factors were aortic arch anomalies associated with TGA and neopulmonary artery anastomosis with a patch, while isolated TGA decreased the risk of reintervention. Freedom from cumulative reinterventions after the ASO was 90.4% at 5 years; 88.0% at 10 years; 86.5% at 15 years and 86.5% from 20 to 25 years. CONCLUSION The frequency of reoperations and percutaneous interventions in patients with TGA after the ASO remains low. The majority of the procedures are performed because of pulmonary stenosis and recoarctation of aorta. Cardiac anomalies associated with TGA have a significant impact on the incidence of reoperation and reintervention.
Probing the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Active Sites over Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanostructures (CNx) in Acidic Media Using Phosphate Anion

To probe the active sites of nitrogen-doped carbon nanostructures (CNx), the effect of dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4–) anion on their oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance was investigated by adding increasing concentrations of phosphoric acid in half-cell measurements. A linear decrease in specific kinetic current at 0.7 V was noted with increasing phosphate anion concentration. It was also found that the adsorption of phosphate species on CNx was strong and the corresponding ORR activity was not recovered when the catalyst was reintroduced to a fresh HClO4 solution. Trends similar to those noted upon addition of H3PO4 to the half-cell were observed when CNx catalysts were soaked in phosphoric acid. Adsorption of dihydrogen phosphate ions on the surface of CNx exposed to phosphoric acid was verified by transmission infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS results also showed a decrease in the surface concentration of pyridinic-N species accompanied b...
Abstract 4107: CCR9/CCL25 mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men, despite the treatment options offered in the clinics. Hence, it is important to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of PCa progression in order to design more effective treatment strategies. PCa metastasis is a multi-step process that involves epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), during which stationary epithelial cancer cells adopt a mesenchymal phenotype that better suits for survival and motility. We have previously shown that CCR9-expressing PCa cells migrate to and invade distal secondary sites under the influence of chemokine CCL25, its natural ligand. However, the precise molecular mechanisms facilitating EMT in PCa are still not fully understood. Here, we investigated the biological significance of CCR9/CCL25 signaling in inducing EMT in PCa. Modulation of several EMT markers was assessed by western blot and real time qPCR in metastatic PCa cell lines, with or without CCL25 activation. Our results show that following CCL25 stimulation, CCR9 signaling differentially modulates expression of the EMT markers E-cadherin and N-Cadherin in PCa cells, as compared to untreated controls. These findings suggest that the CCR9-CCL25 axis plays an important role in mediating EMT in PCa, thereby increasing the ability of PCa cells to metastasize. Citation Format: Patrick P. Carriere, Hina Mir, Neeraj Kapur, Rajesh Singh, Guru Sonpavde, James W. Lillard, Shailesh Singh. CCR9/CCL25 mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4107. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4107
Epidermoid Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity and Oropharynx: Validity of the Current AJCC Staging System and New Statistical Tools for the Prediction of Subclinical Neck Disease:

The 1983 and 1988 AJCC T- and N-staging systems were compared using the case records of 531 patients with primary epidermoid malignancies of the oral cavity. All patients had a minimum followup of 5 years. There were 390 patients with early stage (T1, T2) disease and 141 with advanced stage (T3, T4) lesions according to both the 1983 and 1988 T-definitions: 342 patients manifested no clinical nodes (NO), 189 had clinically evident nodes (N1-N3), and none had metastatic disease. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the 1983/1988 T-stage definitions differentiated survival successfully (p < 0.001). The 1988 staging system for nodal disease showed a highly significant separation of N2 and N3 when compared with the 1983 system (p < 0.001). Of the 342 patients who were staged N0, 154 had primary neck dissection. Logistic regression predicted the incidence of subclinical disease according to the site and the T-stage of the primary tumor with a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 95%. We conclude that the 1988 N-stage definition is a better prognosticator of survival than the 1983 definition. Furthermore, a logistic regression model can be used to predict the probability of subclinical disease in primary oral cavity cancers.
Swap Valuation with Dual Curves - Approximations

For the case of single-curve (libor) valuation it is well-known that receiving fixed on a swap is equivalent to long a fixed coupon bond and short a floating bond. This equivalence shows us how the swap behaves and can be used (together with at-market swap rates and yield-tomaturity formulae) as an approximation for valuation and risk (DV01). In the past few years, however, markets have moved to dual-curve valuation – cash flows are projected with the libor curve but discounted off the OIS (Fed Funds) curve. The usual equivalence no longer applies. We can, however, develop an alternative equivalence and approximation by adjusting the swap coupon and the discounting yield by the libor/OIS spread. This provides an approximation for valuation and risk (DV01) that is useful in practice and provides valuable insights into single-curve versus dual-curve valuation and risk.
miR-205 is a critical regulator of lacrimal gland development

The tear film protects the terrestrial animal's ocular surface and the lacrimal gland provides important aqueous secretions necessary for its maintenance. Despite the importance of the lacrimal gland in ocular health, molecular aspects of its development remain poorly understood. We have identified a noncoding RNA (miR-205) as an important gene for lacrimal gland development. Mice lacking miR-205 fail to properly develop lacrimal glands, establishing this noncoding RNA as a key regulator of lacrimal gland development. Specifically, more than half of knockout lacrimal glands never initiated, suggesting a critical role of miR-205 at the earliest stages of lacrimal gland development. RNA-seq analysis uncovered several up-regulated miR-205 targets that may interfere with signaling to impair lacrimal gland initiation. Supporting this data, combinatorial epistatic deletion of Fgf10, the driver of lacrimal gland initiation, and miR-205 in mice exacerbates the lacrimal gland phenotype. We develop a molecular rheostat model where miR-205 modulates signaling pathways related to Fgf10 in order to regulate glandular development. These data show that a single microRNA is a key regulator for early lacrimal gland development in mice and highlights the important role of microRNAs during organogenesis.
The skinny on obesity and cancer

Obesity now rivals smoking as one of the leading preventable causes of cancer. Obesity-associated neutrophilia is now shown to enhance breast cancer metastasis and to be reversible through dietary modification and weight loss.
The “Reasonable Computer Program”

(1983). The “Reasonable Computer Program”. The Journal of Data Education: Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 2-3.
Human T Cell Development, Localization, and Function throughout Life.

Throughout life, T cells coordinate multiple aspects of adaptive immunity, including responses to pathogens, allergens, and tumors. In mouse models, the role of T cells is studied in the context of a specific type of pathogen, antigen, or disease condition over a limited time frame, whereas in humans, T cells control multiple insults simultaneously throughout the body and maintain immune homeostasis over decades. In this review, we discuss how human T cells develop and provide essential immune protection at different life stages and highlight tissue localization and subset delineation as key determinants of the T cell functional role in immune responses. We also discuss how anatomic compartments undergo distinct age-associated changes in T cell subset composition and function over a lifetime. It is important to consider age and tissue influences on human T cells when developing targeted strategies to modulate T cell-mediated immunity in vaccines and immunotherapies.
HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION IS A COMMON CARDIAC EVENT, AND LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION HAS LIMITED UTILITY AS A SCREENING TOOL, DURING PROTEASOME INHIBITOR THERAPY FOR MULTIPLE MYELOMA

Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are at high risk for cardiovascular (CV) events, especially during therapy with proteasome inhibitors (PI). The optimal strategies for risk stratification and screening for detection of CV events have not been established; therefore, our objective is to determine
The Role and Influence of Prostate Cancer Caregivers Across the Care Continuum.

Background. Black men endure a disproportionate burden of morbidity and mortality related to prostate cancer (CaP). Increasingly family members are assuming the role of providing care and support t...
Half-life of 56Co.

The half-life of /sup 56/Co was reinvestigated by measuring thetime-dependent yields of several nuclear ..gamma..-ray lines over a period of280 days. The /sup 56/Co ..gamma..-ray yields were normalized tothose observed from internal standards. A value of77.08+-0.08 days was deduced by averaging the resultsobtained from different ..gamma..-ray lines and source calibrations.
Molecular Beam Studies of Dissociative Chemisorption on W(110)

We have employed molecular beam techniques to study the the dissociative chemisorption of a number of molecules on a W(110) surface. Chemisorption probabilities have been measured as a function of incidence angle, θi and kinetic energy, Ei, and of surface coverage and temperature. The initial (zero coverage limit) sticking probabilities of CH4, N2 and O2 on W(110) are all found to depend strongly on the incidence energy, scaling with En=Eicos2θi in the case of CH4 and O2, but with the total energy, Ei in the N2 case. This probability increases by factors of ~105, 102 and 10 for an increase of 1 eV in incidence energy for CH4, N2 and O2, respectively. Similar behavior is observed at higher surface coverages, so that even the apparent saturation coverage is found to be energy dependent. In experiments with HD, we have examined the relationship between rotationally mediated selective adsorption, physisorption and dissociative chemisorption on this surface. We find that selective adsorption does not lead to chemisorption, but contributes to the diffuse scattering channel.
Numerical Analysis Methods

Concentrated research over the last decade has led to rapid development of an understanding of the response of solid materials to high amplitude dynamic loads. Constitutive equations have been developed for such real materials as engineering alloys, fiber composites, porous earth materials, and polymers. Together with the conservation laws, these equations have been incorporated into numerical solution methods which have allowed analysis of such problems as ballistic penetration, high velocity impacts, explosive devices and components, and many others which were intractable only a few years ago. Stress wave codes have also become an indispensable tool in further research on the dynamic behavior of materials.
(S)-HDAC-42, A New HDAC Inhibitor in Ovarian Cancer Therapy

Although the current choice for ovarian cancer treatment is still cisplatin, the resistance to cisplatin therapy remains a critical obstacle in the management of refractory ovarian cancer. In the s...
Continuous Time Finance

This chapter gives a brief survey of continuous time finance. We categorize diffusion models according to the nature of their volatility coefficient. Models whose volatility coefficient does not exhibit randomness are treated in Sect. 3.1. Models whose volatility coefficient follows a stochastic process are discussed in Sect. 3.2.