cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quaternary ammonium salts as colloidal electrolytes

Abstract 1. 1. Freezing point depressions in solutions of dodecylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride and sulfamate have been measured. The osmotic coefficients of the chloride fall midway between the generalized curves of McBain and Brady for straight and branched chain compounds. The sulfamate is less associated in dilute solutions than the chloride. 2. 2. The activity of hydrochloric acid has been measured electrometrically in mixtures of the above quaternary chloride and hydrochloric acid having constant total molality. 3. 3. Activity coefficients of hydrochloric acid have been measured at 3 temperatures in solutions of dodecylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride and its hexadecyl homologue containing a small proportion of added hydrochloric acid. 4. 4. The effect of simple salts on the activity of hydrochloric acid in such solutions has been investigated. 5. 5. From the data it is concluded that, in the concentration range where micelles are fully established, about 60% of the chloride ions are combined in the micelles of the dodecyl salt. It also appears that the concentration of simple quaternary cations falls as the quaternary salt concentration rises in this range.
Increased iron and ferritin content of sputum from patients with cystic fibrosis or chronic bronchitis

Purpose: Extracellular free iron, or iron bound to ferritin, may promote oxidative injury and bacterial growth in airways of patients with chronic airway inflammation due to cystic fibrosis (CF) or chronic bronchitis (CB). In this study, we assessed sputum content of total iron, ferritin, and transferrin in patients with CF or CB as well as sputum from normal subjects with acute airway inflammation caused by viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Methods: Spontaneously produced sputum was obtained from 33 subjects, including 10 subjects with CF, 18 subjects with CB (10 acute exacerbations, 8 with stable CB), and 5 subjects with URTIs (control subjects). After lysing and dilution, total iron concentrations were determined by controlled coulometry, ferritin was measured by radioimmunoassay, and transferrin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Iron was not present in detectable amounts in control sputums, but ferritin was present (6±2 ng/mg protein, mean±SE), as was transferrin (2.37±0.44 μg/mg). Compared with control subjects, concentrations of iron in sputum were increased in patient groups with higher amounts in CF patients (242±47 ng/mg, p Conclusions: These findings indicate there are increased airway concentrations of total iron and ferritin-bound iron in patients with CB and, to a greater extent, in patients with CF. Particularly in CF patients who also demonstrated decreased airway concentrations of transferrin, ferritin-bound iron in airways may promote oxidative injury and enhance bacterial growth. (CHEST 1998; 114:814–819) Abbreviations: CB = chronic bronchitis; CF=cystic fibrosis
DEXTER: A System that Experiments with Choices of Training Data Using Expert Knowledge in the Domain of DNA Hydration

In this paper, we describe a system, DEXTER, that uses knowledge to suggest inductive learning experiments in the domain of DNA hydration pattern prediction. These experiments vary the training data presented to a classifier learner. Such experiments are necessary in this domain, since, as in many other scientific domains, data are noisy, the relevance of particular attributes is not well established, and the number of training cases is limited. In each experiment, DEXTER chooses a set of training cases, attributes and classes to learn. To generate an experiment, it examines the results of previous experiments, and uses domain knowledge and domain independent heuristics to select and modify a previous experiment. For the domain expert interested in using the induced rules to understand data, DEXTER's explicit use of knowledge provides several advantages that other data selection techniques do not. In particular, the variation of classifiers induced in different experiments yields insights into the roles and interactions of particular attributes in determining hydration. In addition, many of the classifiers induced from DEXTER's choices of data are of accuracy greater than or equal to those induced using the entire set of available data or data chosen by several other techniques. This work is of theoretical and pragmatic importance to molecular biophysicists. The learned hydration predictors provide insights about factors influencing DNA hydration. Also, the hydration predictors could lead to a tool for automatically predicting water positions around DNA molecules for which crystallographic data are not available.
An X.500 prototype to support integrated network management

Because of the heterogeneity and the distributed nature of integrated network management, a good approach to understand the managed objects by syntax/semantics on the remote managed systems can significantly improve the performance of management applications. In this paper, we describe an X.500 prototype to provide the directory services to support integrated network management. Four directory services are described: partial name resolution, abstract syntax resolution, navigation of Management Information Base, and access control to managed objects.
Spiral Friction Stir Processing (SFSP) for the Extrusion of Lightweight Alloy Tubes

While friction stir processing (FSP) has been used to refine the grain structure in sheet metals, this work explores the potentials of refining the grain structure of bulk material using the friction stirring phenomenon via the novel concept of spiral friction stir processing (SFSP). With this concept, the rotating stirring tool is plunged into the material, rather than being traversed across it as in FSP; this imposes severe plastic deformation on the material while pushing it radially outwards in complex spiral paths. By confining the material within a closed cylindrical die, the processed material is microstructurally-refined while forming a tube via a special form of SFSP called “friction stir back extrusion” (FSBE). The hypothesised concept was investigated using samples from the AA6063-T52 aluminium alloy and the AZ31B-F magnesium alloy. The preliminary results presented here demonstrate the viability of SFSP, and the special form of FSBE, in producing tubular samples that are structurally sound, with no signs of voids or internal channels. Optical microscopy was performed at key locations within selected tube specimens, and the obtained micrographs clearly show the presence of a stir zone with a fine grain structure; grain size measurements demonstrate the effectiveness of the processing technique in refining the microstructure of the starting material.© 2012 ASME
Spondylolisthesis in Operative Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Prevalence and Results of Surgical Intervention.

Abstract Study Design Retrospective, matched cohort. Objectives To evaluate patients with spondylolisthesis who underwent spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS); compare their overall satisfaction using the Scoliosis Research Society's outcome measure (SRS-22) with that of patients without spondylolisthesis; examine postoperative radiographs to determine slip progression and scoliotic correction; and provide a guide in choosing the lowest instrumented vertebral level. Summary of Background Data Spondylolisthesis has been reported to occur in 6.2% of patients with AIS. To the authors' knowledge, there is no prior matched-pair study comparing radiographic and clinical outcomes of patients who have undergone spinal fusion for AIS in the setting of spondylolisthesis. Methods Records and radiographs of 349 patients with AIS treated with spinal fusion were reviewed to evaluate for spondylolisthesis. A set of matched controls with AIS but without spondylolisthesis was assembled. Data collected included Lenke curve type, curve magnitude, level and grade of spondylolisthesis, preoperative and postoperative slip angle, number of levels between the fusion and the spondylolisthesis, SRS-22 scores, curve correction, and slip progression. Results Sixteen patients with operatively treated AIS (4.58%) also had spondylolisthesis. No patients with low-grade slips had progression of the slip at final follow-up of an average of 4 years. All fusions and listheses were separated by at least 3 levels. No significant differences were seen in postoperative SRS-22 scores between patients with AIS and those with AIS and spondylolisthesis. Conclusions Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and spondylolisthesis can be treated independently. Powerful curve corrections can be obtained and maintained for at least 4 years in patients with AIS regardless of the presence of spondylolisthesis. Preserving motion of 3 levels between a posterior spinal fusion for AIS and a spondylolisthesis does not contribute to slip progression. According to SRS-22 questionnaire data, patients with concomitant AIS and spondylolisthesis who undergo spinal fusion procedures do well clinically.
Effect of wafer stress on surface photovoltage diffusion length measurements

Abstract The surface photovoltage technique is an attractive method for measuring the minority carrier diffusion length. It has the advantage of not requiring permanent sample contacts. It does require, however, an accurate knowledge of the absorption coefficient-wavelength relationship. This relationship is well known for single-crystal silicon. However, for polycrystalline silicon we find the single-crystal data not to be applicable over the wavelength range for SPV measurements. We observe nonlinear SPV plots when using the well known α-λ data. Depending on which portion of the plot is used for diffusion length determination, one can obtain very different diffusion lengths. By making SPV, short circuit current, and spectral response measurements and comparing theory with experiment, we find a new α-λ relationship which is dependent on the stress in the sample. Since this stress varies spatially, it is difficult to use one particular set of α-λ data for SPV interpretation. We can find the low wavelength range of SPV plots to be most suitable for diffusion length measurements.
The Spectator and the City in Nineteenth Century American Literature

Acknowledgements 1. The flaneur and modernity 2. The development of the flaneur in England 3. The flaneur in the nineteenth century 4. The flaneur in America 5. From the flaneur to the detective: interpreting the city of Poe 6. The urban spectator in Hawthorne's sketches 7. The Blythedale Romance and the culture of modernity 8. 'Immense phantom concourse': Whitman and the urban crowd 9. Conclusion Notes Works cited Index.
Accuracy in estimating and recalling portion sizes of foods among elderly adults

Abstract This study examined older adults’ abilities to estimate portion sizes of foods and remember these amounts. Ninety-four men and women 58 years and older were asked to judge portion sizes of two sets of 5 foods without using portion-size measurement aids. Subjects were also given memory tests. Subjects were given an unannounced recall test for the foods and amounts they estimated later the same day and again the following day. Results indicated that many elderly subjects could not accurately estimate quantities of foods or remember the amounts they had estimated. Most answers were within 25 to 50 percent of subjects’ original estimates. Recent use of measuring utensils improved the accuracy of estimated amounts, and memory performance was weakly associated with accurate recall of amounts. We concluded that elderly people do not retain precise mental images of portion sizes but have general concepts of the amounts.
Thermal Conductivity and Phonon Engineering in Low-Dimensional Structures

Understanding phonon heat conduction mechanisms in low-dimensional structures is of critical importance for low-dimensional thermoelectricity. In this paper, we discuss heat conduction mechanisms in two-dimensional (2D) and one-dimensional (1D) structures. Models based on both the phonon wave picture and particle picture are developed for heat conduction in 2D superlattices. The phonon wave model, based on the acoustic wave equations, includes the effects of phonon interference and tunneling, while the particle model, based on the Boltzmann transport equation, treats the internal as well interface scattering of phonons. For 1D systems, both the Boltzmann transport equation and molecular dynamics simulation approaches are employed. Comparing the modeling results with experimental data suggest that the interface scattering of phonons plays a crucial role in the thermal conductivity of low-dimensional structures. We also discuss the minimum thermal conductivity of low-dimensional structures based on a generalized thermal conductivity integral, and suggest that the minimum thermal conductivities of low-dimensional systems may differ from those of their corresponding bulk materials. The discussion leads to alternative ways to reduce thermal conductivity based on the propagating phonon modes.
Adaptive HF radio performance evaluation using automated instrumentation

The Federal Standard 1045 and companion Military Standard 188-141A, defining a new automatic link establishment (ALE) technique for communications with HF radios, prompted the US Government to provide a testing service to determine performance and interoperability of different implementations of radios and controllers. The authors describe the automation of instrumentation and a Watterson model simulator utilized in the measurement of adaptive HF radio performance parameters. Attention is given to performance testing objectives, testing techniques, and data processing and analysis. The software system developed and refined in the months following the initial testing in 1990 has provided the government with an excellent portable tool for rapid measurement of the ALE controller/radio performance and interoperability assessment. >
Cognitive optimization in assistive living system development

This paper presents an exploration of the characteristics and structure of a cognitive architecture for control of assisted living systems. The aspects of cognition considered are self-organization, communication, and inherited knowledge. A cognitive solution for a related problem, function optimization, is developed because of the complexity and size of the assistive living problem. Support for this approach stems from the artificial intelligence field where optimization is considered to be a critical aspect of cognition, and from the similarity between the performance metrics for the two problem domains. A search algorithm is developed using the bracketing and gradient methods as inherited knowledge. A key finding is that using a cognitive structure caused the search to display aspects of the characteristics, behavior, and performance of human cognition. In terms of performance, the cognitive search converges faster than either the bracketing or gradient searches alone, and its feasible problem set is larger than the intersection of their individual sets. Similarly, human cognition acts quickly and can address a large set of dissimilar problems. This gives confidence that the guidelines distilled from the development of the cognitive search can produce a similar level of performance when applied to an assistive living system. However, this paper does not address the details involved in actually implementing these guidelines on an assistive living system.
What have we learned about communication inequalities during the H1N1 pandemic: a systematic review of the literature.

Background: During public health emergencies, public officials are busy in developing communication strategies to protect the population from existing or potential threats. However, a population’s social and individual determinants (i.e. education, income, race/ethnicity) may lead to inequalities in individual or group-specific exposure to public health communication messages, and in the capacity to access, process, and act upon the information received by specific sub-groups- a concept defined as communication inequalities. The aims of this literature review are to: 1) characterize the scientific literature that examined issues related to communication to the public during the H1N1 pandemic, and 2) summarize the knowledge gained in our understanding of social determinants and their association with communication inequalities in the preparedness and response to an influenza pandemic. Methods: Articles were searched in eight major communication, social sciences, and health and medical databases of scientific literature and reviewed by two independent reviewers by following the PRISMA guidelines. The selected articles were classified and analyzed in accordance with the Structural Influence Model of Public Health Emergency Preparedness Communications. Results: A total of 118 empirical studies were included for final review. Among them, 78% were population-based studies and 22% were articles that employed information environment analyses techniques. Consistent results were reported on the association between social determinants of communication inequalities and emergency preparedness outcomes. Trust in public officials and source of information, worry and levels of knowledge about the disease, and routine media exposure as well as information-seeking behaviors, were related to greater likelihood of adoption of recommended infection prevention practices. When addressed in communication interventions, these factors can increase the effectiveness of the response to pandemics. Conclusions: Consistently across studies, a number of potential predictors of behavioral compliance to preventive recommendations during a pandemic were identified. Our findings show the need to include such evidence found in the development of future communication campaigns to ensure the highest rates of compliance with recommended protection measures and reduce communication inequalities during future emergencies.
Trash, Charity, and Secondhand Stores: An Empirical Analysis of Clothing Disposition

The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and reasons for disposal using trash, charity, and (nonprofit) secondhand stores as clothing disposal methods. An online survey was used to collect data for the study in July 2012 from a panel of U.S. consumers (N = 423). Logistic regression equations were estimated. The results indicated that respondents who were aged 55 and over, were employed, and had higher income levels were more likely to donate to charity. Use of trash as a disposal method was associated with consumers aged 55 and over, as was the dislike of, and need to replace, a garment. Consumers aged 18 to 34 were more likely to donate to secondhand stores than consumers aged 55 and over. The desire to donate was positively associated with giving to both charity and secondhand stores. The results have implications for consumer education and secondhand clothing markets as well as the impact on landfills.
Waterfilling: a connection between information theoretic and perceptually based watermarking

We present a hybrid approach to image watermarking that exploits results from both information theory and perceptual studies, and we extend some of the results of our earlier paper (see Somasundaram, S. and Chandramouli, R., Proc. ISCAS, 2002). We use a waterfilling-type algorithm to establish a connection between information theoretic and perceptually based watermarking. An information theoretic capacity formula for a Gaussian signal over a Gaussian channel is used and some parameters of the corresponding waterfilling-type algorithm are chosen based on a perceptual criterion. Image sub-blocks to be watermarked are chosen based on the local statistics of each sub-block and the embedded watermark strength for each of these sub-blocks is computed based on a perceptual criterion. An iterative algorithm is proposed for this purpose. Experimental results are presented to discuss the trade-off between information theoretic capacity, robustness and perceptual distortion.
Design and analysis of physical design algorithms

We will review a few key algorithmic and analysis concepts with application to physical design problems. We argue that design and detailed analysis of algorithms is of fundamental importance in developing better physical design tools and to cope with the complexity of present-day designs.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Specific Health Status Measures in Clinical Research: How Much Change in the American Urological Association Symptom Index and the Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Impact Index is Perceptible to Patients?

AbstractPurpose: We assessed the relationship between changes in scores for the American Urological Association (AUA) symptom index and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) impact index with patient global ratings of improvement in a large Veterans Affairs trial comparing different pharmacological therapies for BPH.Materials and Methods: The primary analyses compared absolute score changes from baseline with global ratings of improvement at 13 weeks for 1,218 men.Results: Subjects who rated themselves as being slightly improved had a mean decrease in AUA symptom index and BPH impact index scores of 3.1 and 0.4 points, respectively. However, the baseline scores strongly influenced this relationship.Conclusions: These data provide guidance for investigators using the AUA symptom index and BPH impact index as outcome measures.
Metastatic Patterns of Cancers: Results From a Large Autopsy Study

Abstract Context.—Many studies have addressed metastatic patterns seen among various cancers. No recent studies, however, provide quantitative analyses of such patterns arising from a broad range of cancers based primarily on postmortem tissue analyses. Objective.—To provide a quantitative description of metastatic patterns among different primary cancers based on data obtained from a large, focused autopsy study. Design.—Review of data from 3827 autopsies, performed between 1914 and 1943 on patients from 5 affiliated medical centers, comprising 41 different primary cancers and 30 different metastatic sites. Results.—Testicular cancers were most likely to metastasize (5.8 metastases per primary cancer), whereas duodenal cancers were least likely to do so (0.6 metastases per primary cancer). Preferred metastatic sites varied among the primary cancers analyzed. Overall, regional lymph nodes were the most common metastatic target (20.6% of total), whereas testes were the least common (0.1% of total). Conclus...
Comparing Household Structure Over Time and Between Cultures

Because of the importance of the family and household in all societies and at all historical periods, it is essential to be able to make comparisons between varieties of domestic groups. If we wish to comment on the extent to which the household is affected by social change and especially by the process of modernization, industrialization, social mobilization, or whatever that vague but ubiquitous phenomenon is called, it must be clear what would consitute such change. This means knowing how domestic group structure differs from country to country as well as from period to period.
Phospholipids Promote Dissociation of ADP from the Mycobacterium avium DnaA Protein

The biochemical aspects of the initiation of DNA replication in Mycobacterium avium are unknown. As a first step towards understanding this process, M. avium DnaA protein, the counterpart of Escherichia coli replication initiator protein, was overproduced in E. coli with an N-terminal histidine tag and purified to homogeneity on a nickel affinity column. The recombinant DnaA protein bound both ATP and ADP with high affinity and showed a weak ATPase activity. ADP, following the hydrolysis of ATP, remained bound to the protein strongly and the exchange of ATP for bound ADP was found to be weak. Acidic phopsholipids such as phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin, promoted the dissociation of ADP from the DnaA protein, whereas the neutral phospholipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, did not. The phospholipid promoted dissociation of ADP from DnaA protein was stimulated in the presence of the M. avium origin of replication. We suggest that the initiation of DNA replication in M. avium involves an interplay among DnaA, adenine nucleotides and phospholipids.
Electronic consultations (e-consults) to improve access to specialty care: A systematic review and narrative synthesis

Background: We define electronic consultations (‘‘e-consults’’) as asynchronous, consultative, provider-to-provider communications within a shared electronic health record (EHR) or web-based platform. E-consults are intended to improve access to specialty expertise for patients and providers without the need for a face-to-face visit. Our goal was to systematically review and summarize the literature describing the use and effects of e-consults. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and CINAHL for studies related to e-consults published between 1990 through December 2014. Three reviewers identified empirical studies and system descriptions, including articles on systems that used a shared EHR or web-based platform, connected providers in the same health system, were used for two-way provider communication, and were text-based. Results: Our final review included 27 articles. Twenty-two were research studies and five were system descriptions. Eighteen originated from one of three sites with well-developed e-consult programs. Most studies reported on workflow impact, timeliness of specialty input, and/or provider perceptions of e-consults. E-consultations are used in a variety of ways within and across medical centers. They provide timely access to specialty care and are well-received by primary care providers. Discussion: E-consults are feasible in a variety of settings, flexible in their application, and facilitate timely specialty advice. More extensive and rigorous studies are needed to inform the e-consult process and describe its effect on access to specialty visits, cost and clinical outcomes.
The effects of stress relaxation and anisotropic magnetostriction on charged walls in ion implanted garnets

This paper reviews present understanding and presents new data on the effects of ion implantation on garnet materials and on the mechanisms giving rise to charged walls at boundaries between implanted and unimplanted regions. It is shown that uniaxial anisotropy parallel to pattern boundaries, which is due to stress relaxation normal to pattern edges, is necessary for the formation of charged walls. Furthermore. it is shown that, whereas early reseachers ascribed the three-fold symmetric behavior of charged walls in the ion implanted layers of
Fusion of myocardial perfusion data with CT coronary angiography

Our current approach to fusion of CTCA and PET perfusion data uses the epicardial surface from the perfusion data onto which the CT coronary arteries are aligned and warped. This work was undertaken to improve the alignment and the display realism by using CT epicardial boundary information. PET and CTCA images from a combined scanner were used. Based on the location of the LV detected from PET during standard perfusion processing, the LV chamber of the CT was located. Hounsfield units were used to define an estimated endocardial surface in the CT. Based on the endocardial surface, the epicardial boundary was detected, again using Hounsfield units, or when that failed, by estimating its position based on the detected endocardium. Coronary arteries were detected using a commercial program; the epicardial surface was forced to be congruent with all detected artery points. A confidence factor in each epicardial boundary point was maintained based on how each was detected, whether through threshold, through estimation, or by using the coronary artery points. The epicardial boundary surface points were nonlinearly filtered; erroneous surface points, as defined by local properties and confidence factors, were replaced with values interpolated from the nearest points deemed more accurate. The resulting epicardial surface was linearly aligned to the epicardial boundary detected from the PET, and the CT boundaries were then color-coded based on the PET perfusion. Resulting surfaces were much more realistic than those created using PET epicardial boundaries. Forcing the CT epicardial surface to lie on the detected coronary arteries eliminated problems with alignment and warping of the coronary arteries onto the PET surface.
Therapeutic action, epistemology, and the ethic of psychoanalysis

It is contended that changes in the theory of psychoanalytic technique resulting in the recognition that interpretation is insufficient and the analytic relationship plays a significant mutative role have far-reaching implications that have yet to be sufficiently appreciated. The theoretical changes undergone by two prominent analysts, Heinz Kohut and Herbert Rosenfeld, are used to illustrate the importance of shifting the relationship between theory and practice so that the patient's experience is given primacy. Although theoretically psychoanalytic technique has given importance to listening closely to the patient's material, in fact this technical principle has always conflicted with the assumption of presumed analytic knowledge of the patient's psychopathology. The emerging technical stance undercuts the objectivist epistemological position that has long dominated psychoanalysis in favor of a hermeneutic model of psychoanalytic understanding. While it is recognized that theory is essential to the analytic process, the thesis is that psychoanalytic praxis must be informed by the patient's experience and therefore requires a psychoanalytic ethic of not knowing, thus reversing the objectivist epistemological stance. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stakeholder Status And The Effects On Product Usability

Organizations dedicate considerable resources to developing software tools and often utilize usability studies to improve their products. Unfortunately, usability studies can be costly and some companies are using internal employees as participants in an effort to improve their product while controlling costs. However, the effects of using internal employees on usability study requirement identification and implementation is not yet understood. This field research was conducted at a Fortune 100 Company and investigates the relationship between participants’ organizational status and the implementation of usability requirements they identify for an Enterprise Storage Resource Management product. A theoretical model based on status characteristics theory is proposed. Regression analysis suggests that organizational status is a significant indicator of the likelihood of usability study requirement implementation. Organizational status of an individual should be carefully considered when soliciting product feedback.
Using Augmented Reality to Support Children’s Situational Interest and Science Learning During Context-Sensitive Informal Mobile Learning

This research examines how augmented reality (AR) tools can be integrating into informal learning experiences in ways that support children’s engagement in science in their communities. We conducted a series of video-based studies over 4 years in an arboretum and a nature center with families and children. In this study (the four iteration of the Tree Investigators design-based research project), 1-hour sessions were conducted at a summer camp for 6 weeks at Shaver’s Creek Environmental Center. The sessions supported children to learn about the life cycle of trees with iPad computer tablets. Data collected included pre- and post-assessments and video records of children engaged in the science practice of observation. Analysis included the Wilcoxon signed-rank test of 42 paired assessments, the microethnographic analysis of transcripts of dyads and triads engaged with AR tools, and the creation of one case study of a pair of boys, who were representative of others in the dataset. Across the dataset, we found three sociotechnical interactions that contributed to triggering situational interests during the summer camp learning experience: (a) discoveries in the environment related to nature, (b) prior experiences that led to anticipation or expectation about what would happen, and (c) hands-on experiences with natural phenomenon. Implications of the study include that AR tools can trigger and maintain children’s situational interest and science learning outcomes during context-sensitive informal mobile learning.
Systematic review of research trends in cancer cachexia: Insights from the literature and funding agencies

e17540 Background: Cancer cachexia affects about 250,000 patients in the US worsening treatment outcome and quality of life. To evaluate the scholar contribution to cancer cachexia, we analyzed the...
Convergence of Quantile and Depth Regions

Abstract Since contours of multi-dimensional depth functions often characterize the distribution, it has become of interest to consider structural properties and limit theorems for the sample contours (see Zuo and Serfling (2000)). For finite dimensional data Masse and Theodorescu (1994) [14] and Kong and Mizera (2012) have made connections of directional quantile envelopes to level sets of half-space (Tukey) depth. In the recent paper (Kuelbs and Zinn, 2014) we showed that half-space depth regions determined by evaluation maps of a stochastic process are not only uniquely determined by related upper and lower quantile functions for the process, but limit theorems have also been obtained. In this paper we study the consequences of these results when applied to finite dimensional data in greater detail. The methods we employ here are based on Kuelbs and Zinn (2015) and Kuelbs and Zinn (2013).
Is "Image Design" Education the only Dispute between Technology and Art?

"Image design" is to make the man as object,from an aesthetic point of view the use of a variety of salons,beauty and advanced technical skills to be appropriate dress with the improvement of the human face and hair to reach people outside the United States for the purpose of more specializedmore new disciplines.Design is simply the perfect combination of art,but when we talk about image design,this emerging discipline,which included the design is just a technology and art? The article starts with the point of view of historical development,a philosophical,an artistic point of view,and technical aesthetics point of view to explore the content of the image design education.
Improving exposure assessment by monitoring human tissues for toxic chemicals.

Typically, the availability of appropriate data to estimate human exposures to toxic chemicals is scarce. Consequently, exposure assessments are often based on indirect surrogates of exposure, such as a combination of questionnaire data on time-activities and concentrations of toxic chemicals measured in environmental media (e.g., air, water, food, soil, dust). Recent advances, however, make it technically feasible and relatively affordable to measure low levels of multiple toxic chemicals in accessible human tissues (e.g., blood, urine). The increasing availability of biological markers for exposure, along with improvements in pharmacokinetic understanding, present new opportunities to estimate exposure from human tissue measurements and from knowledge of intake and uptake parameters. Biological monitoring provides exposure information that is usually complementary to the type of exposure information obtained from environmental monitoring. Biological and environmental monitoring can be used separately or together in order to meet desired objectives. We present here a discussion of the value of biological monitoring for improving exposure assessment. We emphasize the role of biological monitoring in identifying high-priority exposures, evaluating the effectiveness of intervention and prevention efforts, identifying at-risk subpopulations, recognizing time trends in population exposures, establishing reference ranges of tissue concentrations, and providing integrated dose measurements.
Feline panleukopenia: experimental cerebellar hypoplasia produced in neonatal ferrets with live virus vaccine.

SUMMARY Severe cerebellar hypoplasia was produced in 1- and 2-day-old ferrets by the intraperitoneal injection of modified live virus feline panleukopenia vaccine. Three-day-old ferrets given similar injections showed no clinical or pathological changes. No adverse effect was noted in either the female ferret or her newborn following intraperitoneal infection of the vaccine at varying intervals during the gestation period.
The Possibility of Expressivism

We have hitherto seen that the purpose of the Remarks on Frazer has been said to lie in the production of an expressivist account of religion; one, that is, which claims that the point of magical and religious rituals is to express deep human emotions and attitudes about life and the world. It must now be ascertained whether the attribution to Wittgenstein of an expressive theory is satisfactory. More specifically, we must uncover the philosophical roots of the expressive interpretation; such roots as are, it will be contended, so fundamentally at odds with the direction of Wittgenstein’s philosophy that his reflections on ritual cannot be as straightforwardly expressivist as most commentators insist.
West Syndrome and Cerebral Tumors

Two infants, six and seven months of age, with West syndrome associated with cerebral tumors are reported from the Department of Neurology, Pediatric Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
REGULATORY CAPTURE AND EFFICACY IN WORKERS’ COMPENSATION

We examine changes in workers’ compensation laws from 2003 to 2011 and their effect on insurer performance as measured by loss ratios and claim costs. We study changes to: length of temporary total loss indemnity, penalties on employees who do not comply with rehabilitation efforts, employer or employee choice of physician, and limits on attorney fees. We find differential effects among these reforms with the most robust being changes to limits on temporary total indemnity and penalties for workers who do not comply with rehabilitation efforts. We measure one effect of the political environment and find that appointing authority over the workers’ compensation board or committee significantly affects loss costs. Lastly, we find evidence of regulatory capture in workers’ compensation.
In response to: “A systematic analysis of methylene blue for drug-induced shock”

Sir,We read with interest the recent paper by Warrick et al. [1] and commend the authors on an excellent overview of the mechanism of methylene blue (MB) in calcium channel blocker (CCB) and metfor...
Apakah Hutang merupakan Sejarah Krisis? Arus Masuk Modal Swasta ke Negara-negara Berkembang'

Harapan tentang pembangunan ekonomi kelompok penting middle income countries telah ditahan kembali oleh arus masuk modal swasta yang subtansial pada tahun 1990-an. Sebagaimana tahun 1970-an, pembangunan ekonomi ini telah diterima dengan optimisme yang berhati-hati. Studi empiris ini membuktikan bahwa meskipun reduksi hutang luar negeri dan reformasi kebijakan di negara-negara debitur telah menjadi determinan penting atas akses yang diperbaharui dalam pasar modal internasional, namun perubahan tingkat bunga internasional telah menjadi faktor yang dominan. Kami menghitung pengaruh perubahan tingkat bunga internasional untuk negara-negara debitur "tertentu". Kesimpulannya bahwa peningkatan tingkat bunga bersamaan dengan kenaikan siklus bisnis di negara-negara industri dapat menekan harga pasar sekunder hutang yang ada ke tingkat yang tidak sejalan dengan arus modal selanjutnya.
EZH2 expression and clinical outcome in African-American men with prostate cancer.

81Background: Despite increasing recognition of molecular differences in prostate cancers from African-American men (AAM) and European-American men (EAM), the prognostic utility of novel tissue biomarkers in AAM remains poorly defined. Overexpression of the oncogenic transcriptional regulator EZH2 has been associated with clinical outcome in localized prostate cancer, but it has not been adequately evaluated in AAM. We sought to define the prognostic significance of EZH2 overexpression in a racially-balanced cohort of men with localized prostate cancer and to explore potential race-specific differences. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of men who underwent radical prostatectomy at the University of Pennsylvania between 1991 and 2010. Subjects with formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue available for EZH2 immunohistochemistry were included. Slides were graded in a semi-quantitative manner for both the volume and the intensity of EZH2 staining. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to eval...
An offset-cancelling four-phase voltage sense amplifier for resistive memories in 14nm CMOS

This paper presents a low-offset read sensing scheme for resistive memories. Due to increasing device variations in sub-32 nm CMOS processes, it becomes very challenging to design a high yield and low-offset read-sensing scheme. In this work we address these issues by using a pseudo-differential sensing scheme to get 2× signal margin and by full offset cancellation of the sense-amplifier, making it more suitable to tolerate variation from the memory array due to storage device resistance variation. Measurement results show the sense-amplifier can work with a 20mV input, which makes it ideal for small-signal sensing for resistive memories.
Abstract 13166: Externally Irrigated Radiofrequency Ablation With Low Osmolarity Irrigant for the Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Introduction: Certain cardiac arrhythmias arise from deep or thick myocardium and may be refractory to standard external irrigated ablation. Externally irrigated ablation (EIA) is generally performed with normal saline (NS) as the infusing irrigant. Recent data suggest that larger ablation lesions can be created by decreasing the irrigant osmolarity. Hypothesis: We sought to evaluate the use of half normal saline (HNS) as the irrigant in externally irrigated ablation under ex vivo and in vivo conditions. Methods: Bovine myocardium was placed in a circulating saline bath in an ex vivo model. Two externally irrigated ablation catheters were oriented across from each other, with myocardium in between. Sequential unipolar ablations with HNS were performed at 50 Watts for 60 seconds, and ablation lesions were compared to using NS or HNS irrigation. In addition, a retrospective analysis was performed of all ablations using HNS completed at the University of Colorado from 2015-2016. Results: In vivo porcine ablations with HNS irrigation generated larger lesions, compared to control ablations using standard NS irrigation, and there was no increased incidence of steam pops (Figure 1). Clinically, 7 cases were identified that utilized HNS as the irrigant in EIA for refractory arrhythmias (1 atrial tachycardia, 6 VT/PVC cases). Acute success was achieved in 7/7 of procedures, with no recurrences at a mean follow up of 109 days. There were no complications (Figure 2). Conclusions: By decreasing irrigant osmolarity and charge density in EIA through the use of HNS, larger ablation lesions can be created to target deep arrhythmia circuits refractory to standard ablation.
Setting Learners up for Success: Presimulation and Prebriefing Strategies

Abstract Patient simulation is increasingly becoming an essential teaching and learning strategy in nursing education. An abundance of information has been written on enacting the scenario and in the debriefing process following the scenario. Less information can be found on the prebriefing (also known as briefing ) phase of patient simulation. Prebriefing consists of all the activities prior to the start of the scenario, including presimulation assignments and prebriefing, and sets the stage for a successful simulation experience. Learning is enhanced, and debriefing improved with a quality prebriefing. This article will discuss the components of a superior prebriefing phase and provide practical suggestions for educators when designing presimulation assignments. A quality prebriefing will provide learners with the tools necessary for a successful simulation experience.
Subjective Health Assessments Among Older Adults in Mexico

The validity of the general self-rated health (SRH) assessment is well established; however, there are empirical questions as to the utility of health assessment measures that employ more refined comparisons. The aim of this study is to examine subjective health assessment measures in comparison to the most widely used SRH measure (Global SRH) among men and women. We investigate agreement between these measures, by gender, and their correspondence with objective health conditions using a sample of adults over the age of 60 from the 2006 La Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutricion (ENSANUT). ENSANUT is a nationally representative, repeated cross-sectional Mexican survey (n = 5511) and advantageous given its inclusion of three distinct subjective health assessment questions including: global self-rated health, self-rated heath today, and 12-month self-rated health. First, we descriptively examine demographic characteristics of the sample and the degree of correspondence between health ratings. Then, we explore congruence between objective health conditions and subjective-health ratings within each SRH measure. We estimate three ordered logistic regression models testing responses on a three-point scale and use predicted probabilities for interpretation. Our findings reaffirm the role of physical health conditions as strong predictors of poor SRH and highlight the significance of mental health as a determinant of subjective health in this sample of older Mexican adults. We caution that future research examining older adults’ health should carefully consider the type of subjective health assessment used.
Frequency of CD19 + CD24 hi CD38 hi regulatory B cells is decreased in peripheral blood and synovial fluid of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a preliminary study.

To understand the relationship between regulatory B cells (Bregs) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), we analyzed the percentages of Bregs and their function in peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) of JIA patients. Twenty-one JIA patients and 11 children with growing pain but without known rheumatic diseases as controls were included. The B cell phenotype and intracellular production of IL-10 of Bregs were assessed by flow cytometry. Mononuclear cells from PB and SF were stimulated to produce IL-10 in vitro for the identification of IL-10- producing regulatory B cells. The percentage of CD24hiCD38hi Bregs in the PB of JIA patients was significantly decreased compared to that in controls, and it was even lower in the SF of JIA patients compared to that in the PB. CD24hiCD38hi Bregs frequency was significantly lower in the PB of RF-positive patients than in RF-negative patients. Frequency of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells (B10 cells) was significantly lower in active JIA patients than that in inactive patients. The inability of the host to produce enough regulatory B cells in PB and especially in SF of JIA patients may contribute to the disease, especially the local inflammation.