cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D and New MRI Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis

Researchers from the University of California at San Francisco and from other centers in the US and Italy determined whether vitamin D status is associated with the development of new T2 lesions or contrast-enhancing lesions on brain MRI in patients with relapsing MS.
Changes in maximal oxygen uptake in high school runners over a competitive track season.

(1971). Changes in Maximal Oxygen Uptake in High School Runners over a Competitive Track Season. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 456-459.
Tropospheric degradation products of CH2FCF3 (HFC-134a)

Chlorine atom-initiated photooxidations of CH2FCF3 (HFC-134a) in O2-N2 diluent were carried out to identify the products formed from the $$CF_3 CHF\dot O$$ radical reactions and to determine the product yields as a function of temperature, pressure and O2 concentration. CF3C(O)F and HC(O)F were the major ‘first-generation’ products observed, along with smaller yields of C(O)F2 and, as yet, undetermined yields of CF3OOOCF3 and CF3OOC(O)F. The relative importance of the two major $$CF_3 CHF\dot O$$ reaction pathways, is expressed by the rate constant ratio $$k_{O_2 } /k_d = 3.2 \times 10^{ - 25} e^{(3510 \pm 470)/T} cm^3 molecule^{ - 1}$$ The decomposition reaction leading to HC(O)F and ĊF3 radical products is predicted to be the dominant pathway at the Earth's surface while mainly CF3C(O)F formation will occur at the tropopause.
Function of external electron donors in polypropylene catalyst

External electron donors play an important role in improving activity of Ziegler-Natta catalyst and stereoregularity of polypropylene.Development of new external electron donors has been a focus in researches in Ziegler-Natta catalysts.Advances in external electron donors for Ziegler-Natta catalysts were reviewed,especially properties of the catalysts using aromatic esters,amines,siloxanes and calixarene as the external electron donors.Prospects in this field were outlined,too.
Improvement Economy and Voltage Quality under Mormal Operation in Yichun Area Network

This paper is put out the request of the normal operating mode for the power network, through analyzing of the plan? voltage and line loss of the normal operating mode for Yichun power network.
Catheter Related Line Sepsis Resulting from Mycobacterium chelonae Infection in an Immunocompromised Host

Almost any species of non tuberculosis mycobacterium [NTM], including M. chelonae may be associated with nosocomial infections including catheter related sepsis, pneumonia etc. We present a case of catheter related sepsis due to M. chelonae which was treated with appropriate therapy including removal of the catheter. This case serves as a reminder to include the NTM group in the differential diagnosis of these nosocomial infections.
Mechanistic Investigation of cPMP Synthase in Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis Using an Uncleavable Substrate Analogue

Molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is essential for all kingdoms of life, plays central roles in various biological processes, and must be biosynthesized de novo. During its biosynthesis, the characteristic pyranopterin ring is constructed by a complex rearrangement of guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) into cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP) through the action of two enzymes, MoaA and MoaC. Recent studies revealed that MoaC catalyzes the majority of the transformation and produces cPMP from a unique cyclic nucleotide, 3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydro-GTP (3',8-cH2GTP). However, the mechanism by which MoaC catalyzes this complex rearrangement is largely unexplored. Here, we report the mechanistic characterization of MoaC using an uncleavable substrate analogue, 3',8-cH2GMP[CH2]PP, as a probe to investigate the timing of cyclic phosphate formation. Using partially active MoaC variants, 3',8-cH2GMP[CH2]PP was found to be accepted by MoaC as a substrate and was converted to an analogue of the previously described MoaC reaction intermediate, suggesting that the early stage of catalysis proceeds without cyclic phosphate formation. In contrast, when it was incubated with wt-MoaC, 3',8-cH2GMP[CH2]PP caused mechanism-based inhibition. Detailed characterization of the inhibited MoaC suggested that 3',8-cH2GMP[CH2]PP is mainly converted to a molecule (compound Y) with an acid-labile triaminopyrimidinone base without an established pyranopterin structure. MS analysis of MoaC treated with 3',8-cH2GMP[CH2]PP provided strong evidence that compound Y forms a tight complex with MoaC likely through a covalent linkage. These observations are consistent with a mechanism in which cyclic phosphate ring formation proceeds in concert with the pterin ring formation. This mechanism would provide a thermodynamic driving force to complete the formation of the unique tetracyclic structure of cPMP.
Conditioned Density Matrix Treatment of Fluorescent Atom in Quasiclassical Field

The purpose of this paper is to show how a quantum trajectory method may be used to obtain analytical approximations for cavity QED problems. We focus on the very simple example of a two-level atom, in an ideal cavity, which is free to decay to modes other than the cavity mode at a rate γ (“Jaynes-Cummings model with spontaneous emission”). In this brief note we only show simple qualitative results for the evolution of the cavity field. Our results for the atomic system variables, such as the effect of spontaneous emission on the revivals, and on the state preparation effect, will be presented elsewheret.1
Characterization of Eastern Filbert Blight-resistant Hazelnut Germplasm Using Microsatellite Markers

The development of new cultivars resistant to the disease eastern filbert blight (EFB), caused by Anisogramma anomala, is of primary importance to hazelnut (Corylus sp.) breeders in North America. Recently, a large number of EFB-resistant cultivars, grower selections, and seedlings from foreign germplasm collections were identified. However, for a significant number of these, little is known of their origin, relationships, or genetic background. In this study, 17 microsatellite markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of 323 unique accessions, including EFB-resistant and tolerant germplasm of uncertain origins, in comparison with a panel of known reference accessions representing a wide diversity of Corylus cultivars, breeding selections, and interspecific hybrids. The resulting allelic data were used to construct an unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) dendrogram and STRUCTURE diagram to elucidate relationships among the accessions. Results showed 11 consensus groups with EFB-resistant or tolerant accessions in all, providing strong evidence that EFB resistance is relatively widespread across the genus Corylus. Furthermore, open-pollinated seedlings tended to group together with reference accessions of similar geographic origins, providing insightinto their genetic backgrounds.The results ofthisstudy addto thegrowing bodyof knowledgeof hazelnut genetic resources and highlight recently introduced EFB-resistant seedling germplasm as new, unrelated genetic pools of resistance.
Low-Power Photothermal Self-Oscillation of Bimetallic Nanowires

We investigate the nonlinear mechanics of a bimetallic, optically absorbing SiN–Nb nanowire in the presence of incident laser light and a reflecting Si mirror. Situated in a standing wave of optical intensity and subject to photothermal forces, the nanowire undergoes self-induced oscillations at low incident light thresholds of <1 μW due to engineered strong temperature-position (T–z) coupling. Along with inducing self-oscillation, laser light causes large changes to the mechanical resonant frequency ω0 and equilibrium position z0 that cannot be neglected. We present experimental results and a theoretical model for the motion under laser illumination. In the model, we solve the governing nonlinear differential equations by perturbative means to show that self-oscillation amplitude is set by the competing effects of direct T–z coupling and 2ω0 parametric excitation due to T–ω0 coupling. We then study the linearized equations of motion to show that the optimal thermal time constant τ for photothermal feedba...
A Case of Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis Associated with Autoimmune Hepatitis.

Purpose. To describe a case of peripheral ulcerative keratitis in the setting of autoimmune hepatitis and possible overlap syndrome with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Case Report. A 48-year-old African American female with autoimmune hepatitis with possible overlap syndrome with primary sclerosing cholangitis presented with tearing, irritation, and injection of the left eye that was determined to be peripheral ulcerative keratitis. The patient was treated with topical and systemic steroids, immunosuppressant drugs (azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil), a biologic (rituximab), and surgery (conjunctival resection), and the peripheral ulcerative keratitis epithelialized but ultimately led to corneal perforation. Conclusion. In this unique case, a patient with peripheral ulcerative keratitis who underwent treatment ultimately had a corneal perforation. This case may suggest a possible relationship between autoimmune hepatitis and peripheral ulcerative keratitis.
A bit error rate estimation method for wireless communication systems

In wireless communication networks including cognitive radio, the integrity of transmitted signals is affected by several factors such as noise, multipath fading, and shadowing. Bit error rate (BER) can be used as one of the metrics to evaluate the performance of these systems. The knowledge of the BER at any time can help analyze the channels, improve quality of service, and enhance channel assignment in cognitive radio networks. In this paper, a method to estimate BER in noise-limited communication channels is developed. It first measures the noise samples using a few pilot samples and then estimates the BER using the received data samples. The use of a correction factor is proposed, which makes the required pilot samples as few as 32 samples. Simulation results indicate a very low mean square error (MSE) between the estimated and the original BER, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Demographic inference in a spatially-explicit ecological model from genomic data: a proof of concept for the Mojave Desert Tortoise

In this paper, we study the general problem of extracting information from spatially explicit genomic data to inform inference of ecologically and geographically realistic population models. We describe methods and apply them to simulations motivated by the demography of the Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). The tortoise is an example of a long-lived, threatened species for which we have an excellent understanding of range, habitat preference, and certain aspects of demography, but inadequate information on other life history components that are important for conservation management. We use an individual-based model on a discretized geographic landscape with overlapping generations and age and sex-specific dispersal, fecundity, and mortality to develop and test a method that uses genomic data to infer demographic parameters. We do this by seeking parameters that best match a set of spatial statistics of genomes, which we introduce and discuss. We find that for inferring only overall population density and mean migration distance, a simple statistical learning method performs well using simulated training data, inferring parameters to within 10% accuracy. In the process, we introduce spatial analogues of common population genetics statistics, and discuss how and why they are expected to contain signal about the geography of population dynamics that are key for ecological modeling generally and conservation of endangered taxa.
Editorial Commentary: Outside the Scope of Practice—Wrong-Site Surgery Should NEVER Happen

Malpractice lawsuits involving arthroscopic surgical procedures are relatively common. Fortunately, many of them are avoidable. Wrong-site surgery results in a successful verdict for the plaintiff all the time, so it needs to be avoided. Deep venous thrombosis, another common reason for lawsuits, especially after knee arthroscopy, can be stratified based on risk factors and managed accordingly. Effective communication is the arthroscopist's best defense against potential lawsuits.
The Clinical Experience of Patient Autonomy and Informed Consent

Any attempt to characterize the dominant view of clinicians on patient autonomy and informed consent is precarious at best. On the one hand, the new ethos of patient autonomy is hardly just an outsider’s fabrication, fashioned by lawyers and philosophers. Indeed, some of its most forceful and well-known advocates have been physicians, e.g., Howard Brody, Eric Cassell, H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., Jay Katz and Edmund Pellegrino. On the other hand, the clinical literature is replete with heart-felt attacks on the “myth of informed consent” (Ravitch, 1978), a view often echoed on the firing line.
An Adaptive Frequency Central Pattern Generator for Synthetic Nervous Systems

For robots using legged locomotion, mathematical models of Central Pattern Generators (CPGs) are being used for controlling the complicated gaits and timing required for stable walking. Traditionally, these models are precisely designed for oscillation at a set of specific frequencies and phase relationships, which while easier to design is not conducive to robust and stable walking.
Streaming Classical Multidimensional Scaling

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a widely used embedding method that preserves the similarity among data items in the embedded low dimensional space. While MDS has shown great versatility, it is computationally expensive and non-scalable as it requires operation on the whole data distance matrix. This can be problematic when the dataset is not fixed but is constantly growing over time, such as in streaming applications. To address this problem, we introduce a streaming, one-pass, limited memory version of the classical MDS algorithm, named scMDS, specifically designed for streaming high-dimensional data. In scMDS, m-dimensional samples are arriving sequentially and are embedded in a k-dimensional subspace (k ≪ m) with high approximation quality to batch classical MDS (cMDS). It also reduces the time complexity from O(mn2) to O($mn_{t^{2}}$), where n is the size of the data stream and $n_{t}$ is the size of a data batch at time-streaming data processing we pair our algorithm with a t (n t ≪ n). To overcome the concept-drift during novel realignment method.
Clinical and Radiological Characteristics of Vitamin K Versus Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulation-Related Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Recent studies indicated that functional outcome after intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) related to direct oral anticoagulation (DOAC-ICH) is similar, if not better, than vitamin K antagonist (VKA)-related ICH (VKA-ICH) due to a smaller initial hematoma volume (HV). However, the association with hematoma expansion (HE) and location is not well understood. We retrospectively analyzed 102 consecutive patients with acute non-traumatic ICH on oral anticoagulation therapy to determine HV and HE stratified by hematoma location, and the relation to the 90-day outcome. DOAC-ICH (n = 25) and VKA-ICH (n = 77) had a similar admission HV and HE (unadjusted p > 0.05, each). Targeted reversal strategies were used in 93.5% of VKA-ICH versus 8% of DOAC-ICH. After adjustment, an unfavorable 90-day functional outcome (modified Rankin scale score 4–6) was independently associated with a lower admission Glasgow Coma Scale score (OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.26–2.10; p < 0.001) and greater HV (OR 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.05; p = 0.046). After exclusion of patients without follow-up head computed tomography to allow for adjustment by occurrence of HE, VKA-ICH was associated with an approximately 3.5 times greater odds for a poor 90-day outcome (OR 3.64; 95% CI 1.01–13.09; p = 0.048). However, there was no significant association of the oral anticoagulant strategy with 90-day outcome in the entire cohort (OR 2.85; 95% CI 0.69–11.86; p = 0.15). DOAC use did not relate to worse HE, HV, and functional outcome after ICH, adding to the notion that DOAC is a safe alternative to VKA even in the absence of access to targeted reversal strategies (which are still not universally available).
The Ethical Approval Process

In response to prior violations of ethical treatment of human subjects in research, institutions and regulations have been established in order to protect the rights of human subjects who participate in biomedical research.
Surface Instability of Composite Thin Films on Compliant Substrates: Direct Simulation Approach

Surface instability via wrinkle formation is a common feature in thin films attached to a compliant substrate. Wrinkled thin-film structures have been increasingly exploited to enhance device performance. In this study a numerical technique utilizing embedded imperfections is employed for direct simulations of wrinkle formation, extending from a single-film structure to composite films involving two or more layers. The incorporation of material elements, bearing different elastic properties at the film-substrate interface, assists in triggering buckling instability when the compressive strain reaches a critical value. The wrinkle wavelength and amplitude obtained from the numerical modeling show excellent agreements with available theoretical solutions involving bi-layer composite films, over the entire span of volume ratios of the constituent layers. A valid range of imperfection distribution, resulting in uniform wrinkle formation, is identified. The current numerical approach is robust and easy to implement and yields great promises in generating reliable wrinkling patterns. It can be readily applied to cases where realistic features cannot be captured by theories, such as the generalized plane strain deformation, indirect compression, and multilayer composite films.
The Role of Liver Transplantation for Liver Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer

As chemotherapy for colorectal cancer becomes effective for extending long-term survival, its liver metastases (colorectal cancer liver metastases [CRCLM]) are considered as the progression that best defines patient survival. Surgical resection is the most effective and only curative treatment for CRCLM. Although advancement in liver surgery to increase resectability of CRCLM has borne fruit, there are still limitations, namely tumor burden, remnant liver volume, and chemotherapy-related liver damage. CRCLM used to be considered a contraindication for liver transplantation (LTx) based on preliminary experience in the early era of LTx. Recent advancement in chemotherapy and surgical resection for CRCLM as well as improved outcome of LTx have attracted interest in revisiting this old dogma of LTx for CRCLM. Preliminary experience from Norway has shown promising results and potential for long-term survival with LTx. In this article, we review the history of LTx for CRCLM, rationale for revisiting the concept, early experience from Norway and discuss the issues around and future perspectives on LTx for CRCLM.
How does awareness of cognitive impairment impact motivation and treatment outcomes during cognitive remediation for schizophrenia

Abstract Background There is concern that awareness of cognitive deficit among people with schizophrenia receiving Cognitive Remediation (CR) might undermine motivation, engagement, and CR outcomes. We therefore examined the relationship of subjective awareness of cognitive deficit to aspects of motivation and cognitive learning during an efficacious CR program. Methods Individuals with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder who completed 30 sessions of CR (N = 67) were evaluated on cognitive performance, self-reported cognitive difficulties, intrinsic motivation and perceived competency for cognitive training tasks at the beginning and end of treatment. Results We found no relationship between actual and perceived cognitive functioning when measured cross-sectionally or as difference scores, pre/post treatment. Greater awareness of cognitive problems was associated with lower perceived competency for cognitive tasks at treatment beginning and end-point (p-values Discussion While awareness of cognitive problems may not be a prerequisite for cognitive improvement during CR, it could impact engagement in, and how one values treatment via its effect on perceived competency. Results also highlighted the importance of intrinsic motivation for doing cognitive learning activities, given its relationship to cognitive gain. Further study is needed to understand how best to assess and address awareness of cognitive abilities within the CR setting.
Risk factors for heroin use following release from jail or prison in adults in a Central Appalachian state between 2012-2017.

Corrections-involved adults with a history of opioid use disorder are at elevated risk of opioid overdose following release from correctional settings. Increased opioid prescribing restrictions and...
Incidental Coronary Artery Calcification and Stroke Risk in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

OBJECTIVE. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk factor for stroke. The CHA2DS2-VASc score is used to risk stratify patients, and the score includes known coronary artery disease (CAD) as a variable. The aim of this study was to assess if the presence of incidental coronary artery calcification (CAC), without known CAD, is associated with stroke independent of CHA2DS2-VASc variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A retrospective review of health records was performed for patients who had AF, a chest CT scan performed within 1 year, and a subsequent visit for stroke. Patients with CAD and other vascular disease, a mechanical valve, or who were older than 74 years old were excluded. Included patients were one-to-one matched by age and CHA2DS2-VASc risk factors to patients who had had similar follow-up but who did not have a stroke. Nongated CT images were reviewed for CAC. Univariate and Cox regression analyses were performed. RESULTS. A total of 203 patients met the study criteria, and 203 matched patients without stroke were identified. Median age was 61 years old with stroke and 62 years old without stroke (p = 0.99). In both groups, 82 (39.0%) were women and the median CHA2DS2-VASc was 2 (interquartile range, 1-2). Anticoagulation medication was prescribed to 46 (22.7%) patients in the group who had had a stroke and 52 (25.6%) in the group without stroke (p = 0.49). On Cox regression analysis, CAC was associated with stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 1.47; 95% CI, 1.10-1.97; p < 0.01) and mortality (adjusted HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.02-1.95; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION. Patients with AF and incidental CAC depicted on chest CT have an increased risk of stroke and mortality beyond established risk factors.
Cultural Competence and Self-Efficacy After Study Abroad Experiences

Purpose Cultural competence is crucial for the successful provision of speech, language, and hearing services. The purpose of this study was to assess and describe gains in cultural awareness, cultural competence, and self-efficacy after service-learning study abroad experiences and to examine whether gains in these areas are related to higher clinical skills ratings in speech-language pathology and audiology students. Method Sixteen speech-language pathology and audiology students participated in two international study abroad experiences (Nicaragua and Malawi). Students completed a survey on cultural awareness, competence, and self-efficacy beliefs and journal entries before, during, and after their trips. In addition, the supervisors assessed the clinical skills of the students by the end of the trip. The researchers applied a mixed-methods approach to analyze data from the survey, clinical ratings, and journals. Results Students showed significant increases in cultural awareness, competence, and self-efficacy. Gains in self-efficacy and cultural awareness were highly correlated with students' clinical ratings in cultural competence as judged by their supervisors. Two main themes were identified from the journal entries: continuing community involvement and growth in cultural self-efficacy. Conclusion Service-learning study abroad experiences help students develop cultural awareness and competence skills and increase their self-efficacy beliefs. Using a mixed-methods approach can help identify strengths and weaknesses in the training of speech-language pathology and audiology students with regard to cultural competence. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12642647.
‘It’s not my Chinese’: a teacher and her students disrupting and dismantling conventional notions of ‘Chinese’ through translanguaging in a heritage language classroom

Translanguaging theory re-conceptualizes the linguistic systems and practices of multilinguals as well as multilingual classroom pedagogies. While many studies have documented translanguaging in bi...
The comparative and interactive effects of political, academic and financial directors

Abstract This study considers directors with political, academic, or financial (PAF) backgrounds and examines their comparative strengths/weaknesses and their interactive effects. Academic directors are associated with better firm performance, stronger monitoring effects, enhanced innovation results, and easier access to finance. Political and financial directors are likely selected for their resource-providing capacity. The relationship between PAF directors and firm activities varies systematically across industries and over time. More importantly, PAF directors are not independent from one another. A significant presence of political directors weakens the monitoring and performance effects of academic directors.
Health care spending in prostate cancer: An assessment of characteristics and health care utilization of high resource-patients.

Abstract Background Prostate cancer ranks among the top 5 cancers in contribution to national expenditures. Previous reports have identified that 5% of the population accounts for 50% of the nation's annual health care spending. To date, the assessment of the top 5% resource-patients among men diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) has never been performed. We investigate the determinants and health care utilization of high resource-patients diagnosed with PCa using a population-based cohort using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Medicare-linked database. Methods Men aged ≥66-year-old with a primary diagnosis of PCa in 2009 were identified. High resource spenders were defined as the top 5% of the sum of the total cost incurred for all services rendered per beneficiary. The spending in each group and predictors of being a high resource-patient were assessed. Results The top 5% resource-patients consisted of 646 men who spent a total of $62,474,504, comprising 26% of the total cost incurred for all 12,875 men who were diagnosed with PCa in 2009. Of the top 5% resource-patients, the average amount spent per patient was $96,710 vs. $14,664 among the bottom 95% resource-patients. In adjusted analyses, older (odds ratio [OR]: 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.03), Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥2 (OR: 3.78, 95% CI: 3.10–4.60) men, and advanced disease (metastasis OR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.68–3.11) were predictors of being a top 5% resource-patient. Of these patients, 210 men died within 1 year of PCa diagnosis (32.5%) vs. 606 men of the bottom 95% resource-patients (5.0%, P Conclusion Five percent of men diagnosed with PCa bore 26% of the total cost incurred for all men diagnosed with the disease in 2009. Multimorbidity and advanced disease stage represent the primary drivers of being a high-resource PCa patient. Multidisciplinary care and shared decision-making is encouraged for such patients to better manage cost and quality of care.
The Brief Case: Disseminated Microsporidiosis with Intestinal Cryptosporidium Coinfection in a Patient with Kaposi’s Sarcoma and Castleman Disease Presenting with Acute Kidney Injury

Answer: d. Spores undergo gemination resulting in extrusion of polar tubule into the host cell. Via the polar tubule, the infective sporoplasm is released into the host cell, which undergoes various stages of development. Answer: a. Electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy helps in
Quantification of tumor microenvironment acidity in glioblastoma using principal component analysis of dynamic susceptibility contrast enhanced MR imaging

Glioblastoma (GBM) has high metabolic demands, which can lead to acidification of the tumor microenvironment. We hypothesize that a machine learning model built on temporal principal component analysis (PCA) of dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced (DSC) perfusion MRI can be used to estimate tumor acidity in GBM, as estimated by pH-sensitive amine chemical exchange saturation transfer echo-planar imaging (CEST-EPI). We analyzed 78 MRI scans in 32 treatment naive and post-treatment GBM patients. All patients were imaged with DSC-MRI, and pH-weighting that was quantified from CEST-EPI estimation of the magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) at 3 ppm. Enhancing tumor (ET), non-enhancing core (NC), and peritumoral T2 hyperintensity (namely, edema, ED) were used to extract principal components (PCs) and to build support vector machines regression (SVR) models to predict MTRasym values using PCs. Our predicted map correlated with MTRasym values with Spearman's r equal to 0.66, 0.47, 0.67, 0.71, in NC, ET, ED, and overall, respectively (p < 0.006). The results of this study demonstrates that PCA analysis of DSC imaging data can provide information about tumor pH in GBM patients, with the strongest association within the peritumoral regions.
Long-term recovery dynamics following hurricane-related wind disturbance in a southern Appalachian forest

Abstract Wind disturbance affects thousands of km2 annually in eastern temperate forests, yet few studies address long-term recovery. Here, I assess changes in forest structure and composition before (pre-Opal), immediately after (Y0), and 21 years after (Y21) Hurricane Opal in 0.166–1.08 ha gaps created by microbursts, and undisturbed controls. In gaps, an average of 24.0% of trees (41.1% BA) were windthrown and 1.0% of trees (1.1% BA) died standing during Opal; scarlet and black oak were disproportionately windthrown. Subsequent windthrow or standing tree mortality rates did not differ between treatments. By Y21 an average of 32.2% (49.5% BA) of trees were windthrown in gaps and 3.2% (2.4% BA) in controls; 7.2% (7.6% BA) died standing in gaps and 12.0% (11.7% BA) in controls. Pit depth and windthrown rootmass area decreased by 63% by Y21. Total snag density differed over time (23.8–38.8/ha in controls; 6.7–19.7/ha in gaps); “new” snag (e.g., died after Opal) density did not differ between treatments. Disproportionately more scarlet oak, shortleaf pine, and hickory but fewer yellow-poplar, red maple and sourwood died standing. By Y21 live tree density and (marginally) basal area recovered to pre-Opal levels in gaps but remained lower than controls. In gaps, hurricane-related mortality of trees 38.1–50.7 cm dbh was heaviest, and density of this size-class remained lower by Y21; density of trees 50.8–63.4 cm was also lower in gaps in Y21. Trees grew faster in gaps than controls but stand-level gains in average dbh were smaller in gaps due to a greater increase in small trees (ingrowth) by Y21. Initial hurricane-related mortality changed relative importance (average of relative abundance and relative BA) of species in gaps; differences in mortality and growth rates among species contributed to subsequent shifts by Y21, especially in gaps. Post-Opal gains in shade-intolerant yellow-poplar importance were small but significant by Y21; shade-tolerant generalist species such as red maple and sourwood also increased, whereas scarlet and black oak decreased. Cumulatively, small changes by multiple species resulted in decreased (−19.9%) importance of the oak-hickory group and a corresponding increase in “other”; this trend was also evident in controls at a much smaller scale (−5.6%). Results indicate that a wind-related “pulse” of heavy mortality unevenly distributed among species – in this case scarlet and black oak - can alter stand structure and relative importance of species for decades, with accelerated loss of the oak-hickory group and replacement largely by shade-tolerant generalist species.
The Effect of an Acute Farmers Walk Exercise Bout on Muscle Damage and Recovery in Recreationally Trained Adults

The Farmer’s Walk (FW) may supplement resistance training through functional tasks like lifting and carrying weight over various distances. Minimal information exists concerning the intramuscular responses resulting from FW performance, possibly impacting its application in exercise prescription. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate Creatine Kinase (CK) and myoglobin (Mb) responses following the Farmers Walk Condition (FWC) compared to a control protocol (NWC). Fifteen participants (Mean ± SEM; age: 21.6 ± 0.5 years; height: 172.5 ± 2.4 cm; body weight: 81.8 ± 4.0 kg) completed an initial session to measure body composition, lower body power, and strength. Participants then completed two counter-balanced exercise protocols consisting of a 20-m walk performed within 5 sets of 2 repetitions while either carrying weight (FWC; average wt: 85.15 ± 25.55 kg) or not (NWC) with collection of Visually Perceived Muscle Soreness (VPMS), Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE), and blood samples. VPMS, blood samples, and Countermovement Jump (CMJ) height were also collected during recovery from each exercise protocol with significance of P < 0.05. Significant differences were observed between exercise protocols performed including participant RPE (P < 0.01), CK (P = 0.01), and overall, upper body, and lower body VPMS (P < 0.05) post-FWC. No significant differences were noted for Mb or CMJ height. Training variables implemented during the FWC may have indirectly minimized muscle damage and neuromuscular inhibitions in performance. Although participants reported mild soreness, the negligible physiological damage suggests the FWC is a safe and appropriate functional movement exercise.
A Computer Control System for a Research Reactor

Monitoring the complex prossesses within a nuclear reactor facility places a tremendous burden on the reactor operators. The difficulty of operation varies widely depending on the reactor application. While control details vary from one application to another, problems with the man/machine interface are manifest in all applications. It has long been recognized that extensive computerized automation and control would reduce many of these problems.
Opening the gap

The ceramic high-temperature superconductors, discovered 11 years ago, behave like two-dimensional metals when they are above their superconducting transition temperature. The electrons are confined to move in parallel planes, which restricts their momentum distribution to a two-dimensional zone in momentum space. Angle-resolved photoemission has been used to show that this distribution is gradually eaten away as the temperature is lowered, showing that some sort of electron correlations begin before superconductivity sets in.
Early treatment is associated with improved cognition in Hurler syndrome.

Objective Hurler syndrome is the most clinically severe form of an autosomal recessive lysosomal disorder characterized by the deficiency of α-L-iduronidase. The resulting accumulation of glycosaminoglycans causes progressive multisystem deterioration, resulting in death in childhood. Umbilical cord blood transplantation from unrelated donors has been previously shown to improve neurological outcomes of children <2 years of age and prolong life. The purpose of this article is to determine whether age at transplantation can predict cognitive outcomes. Methods Between June 1997 and February 2013, 31 patients with Hurler syndrome underwent umbilical cord blood transplantation and were evaluated at baseline and every 6 to 12 months thereafter. All 31 patients underwent complete neurodevelopmental evaluation (median follow-up = 7.3 years, range = 2–21.7) and a median of 7.0 evaluations (range = 3–18). Results Younger age at transplantation was associated with improved cognitive function (p = 0.001), receptive and expressive language (p = 0.004 and p = 0.01), and adaptive behavior (p = 0.03). Interpretation Early age at transplantation is a strong predictor of cognitive, language, and adaptive behavior outcomes. Children younger than 9 months at the time of transplant showed normal cognitive development. Our results demonstrate that early diagnosis is necessary for optimal outcomes and support the need for newborn screening, because most patients are not identified at this young age. Ann Neurol 2014;76:747–753
Disclosure and Compliance Practices and Associated Corporate Characteristics - A Study of Listed Companies in India

The present study empirically investigates the level of compliance by listed Indian firms with disclosure requirements of Indian Accounting Standards. India’s Accounting Standards have been gradually converging with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) since 2001. India currently stands on the verge of adopting the International Standards. Indian companies are working fervently towards adopting IFRS by year 2012. This provides a unique research setting to examine the level of compliance during this transitional time as well as lending an opportunity for a post adoption study. This study addresses two research questions developed to examine annual reports of 100 listed Indian firms to establish (1) their current level of compliance with disclosure requirements of Indian Accounting Standards, and (2) key corporate characteristics that influence their degree of compliance. The data used for the study pertains to financial year 2009-2010 and utilizes compliance index methodology to calculate the level of compliance.
The information seeking of on-duty critical care nurses: evidence from participant observation and in-context interviews.

Objectives: An observational study describes on-duty nurses' informative behaviors from the perspective of library and information science, rather than patient care,. It reveals their information sources, the kinds of information they seek, and their barriers to information acquisition. Methods: Participant observation and in-context interviews were used to record in detail fifty hours of the information behavior of a purposive sample of on-duty critical care nurses on twenty-bed critical care unit in a community hospital. The investigator used rigorous ethnographic methods—including open, in vivo, and axial coding—to analyze the resulting rich textual data. Results: The nurses' information behavior centered on the patient, seeking information from people, the patient record, and other systems. The nurses mostly used patient-specific information, but they also used some social and logistic information. They occasionally sought knowledge-based information. Barriers to information acquisition included illegible handwriting, difficult navigation of online systems, equipment failure, unavailable people, social protocols, and mistakes caused by people multitasking while working with multiple complex systems. Although the participating nurses understood and respected evidence-based practice, many believed that taking time to read published information on duty was not only difficult, but perhaps also ethically wrong. They said that a personal information service available to them at all hours of the day or night would be very useful. Conclusions: On-duty critical care nursing is a patient-centric information activity. A major implication of this study for librarians is that immediate professional reference service—including quality and quantity filtering—may be more useful to on-duty nurses than do-it-yourself searching and traditional document delivery are.
Weakly-Supervised Segmentation of Non-Gaussian Images via Histogram Adaptation

Here we apply an active contour model that allows for arbitrary intensity distributions inside and outside the boundary of an object to be segmented in an image. Computationally, we estimate intensity histograms both inside and outside the current boundary estimate, and use these histograms to define an image energy as their log-likelihood ratio. Training the model with accurate example segmentations is unnecessary; initialization with a crude, user-provided segmentation is sufficient.
Women's Cultures and Social Movements in Global Contexts

This article examines the role that women’s cultures and communities have played in political protest and social change. We argue that women’s cultures, which form around the reproductive roles, labor, and emotional expectations placed on women, have been used to express femininity and as cultural resources or ‘‘toolkits’’ to transform male-dominated spheres of society. We begin by defining women’s cultures, emphasizing that there is no universal women’s culture because the structural arrangements and cultural meanings of gender vary by race, ethnicity, class, nationality, and political context. We then review research that demonstrates the significance of women’s cultures for the collective identities and tactics deployed in social movements and protest, demonstrating how the study of women’s cultures and gender processes in social movements has contributed empirically and theoretically to understanding social movements. We examine women’s cultures and collective identities in communities as wide ranging as self-help groups, lesbian communities, feminist organizations, and anti-feminist groups. We then draw on prevailing theories of cultural change in globalization studies (cultural differentialism, cultural convergence, and cultural hybridization) to understand how women’s cultures have contributed to social change. We conclude by identifying future directions for the study of women’s cultures and social movements.
Strengthening and Deepening Education for Personal and Social Responsibility

The chapter examines the effectiveness and long-term viability of reform efforts designed to advance education for personal and social responsibility.
Low energy electron induced chemistry: C2H5Cl on Ag(111)

Abstract The chemistry, induced by 50 eV electrons, of C2H5Cl on clean, Cl- and D-covered Ag(111) at 100 K has been studied using TPD, XPS, UPS and δφ. For monolayer (ML) coverage, the electron induced dissociation (EID) cross section has an upper limit of (6±1)×10−16 cm2. For coverages up to 1 ML, C2H5 radicals and C2H6 and C2H4 molecules, but no H2 or Cl- containing species, desorb during electron exposure. At the surface, H and Cl atoms, C2Hx (x=3–5) radicals, and C2H4, C4H6, C4H8 and C4H10 molecules are synthesized and retained. Their relative concentrations depend on the electron exposure. There is no evidence for electron-driven C-C bond breaking, except for very high electron doses. In post-EID TPD, synthesized molecules, C2H4, C4H6, C4H8 and C4H10, desorb, whereas H atoms and C2Hx (x=3–5) radicals recombine to produce H2, C2H6, 1,3-butadiene, butene and n-butane, all below 400 K. There are no C1's or C3's. The only other TPD product is AfCl (750 K) and unless the electron dose is very high, TPD to 950 K leaves a clean surface. In the presence of coadsorbed Cl, the TPD production of saturated hydrocarbons is suppressed and the desorption of olefins, C2H4, C4H6 and C4H8, shifts to a lower temperature. When atomic D is preadsorbed, C-D bonds form both during irradiation and during TPD, producing reaction-limited C2H2D2, C2H4D2 and C2H5D, and desorption-limited C4H8D2 and C4H9D. Multilayers are different. AgCl desorption is sharply suppressed above 2 ML and not detected above 4 ML initial C2H5Cl coverage. During electron irradiation, H2, C2H4, C2H5, C2H6, C4H8, C4H10, Cl, HCl and C2H5Cl desorb. The post-EID TPD products below 350 K are desorption-limited HCl, H2 C2H4, C4H6, C4H8 and C4H10, and reaction-limited C2H6 and C4H6. At higher temperatures, HCl and H2 not AgCl, desorb and surface carbon is retained after TPD to 950 K. These are ascribed to decomposition of a hydrogen-deficient strongly bound CxHyClz(x > 2) species.
Spatial Job Search, Spatial Mismatch, and the Employment and Wages of Racial and Ethnic Groups in Los Angeles

Abstract This article examines racial/ethnic differences in geographic job search behavior and the differential effects that this search has on groups' employment and wages in Los Angeles. Using data from the 1994 Los Angeles Survey of Urban Inequality (LASUI), the results indicate that, controlling for relevant characteristics, blacks, and on certain dimensions Latinos, extensively spatial job search to a greater degree than whites as measured by the number of areas searched. Moreover, this extensive spatial job is found to positively affect the employment of blacks and the wages of Latinos. Simulations show that increasing blacks' and Latinos' access to cars or decreasing their average distance to search areas will lead to greater geographic job search. In turn, this greater extensive spatial job search will lead to greater employment and wages for these groups, respectively. However, the gains in blacks' employment from increased extensive spatial job search are small in magnitude. These results are consistent with spatial mismatch.
Optimum design of a multifin coaxial converter

In this paper, the design and properties of a multi-fin coaxial waveguide converter are examined in detail. The converter has been designed as a means of transferring power from a high-power Relativistic Klystron Amplifier (RKA) to an antenna system. The output from an RKA is a coaxial waveguide, but the radially polarized TEM mode propagating in a coaxial line is not suitable for radiation. In order to transmit high electromagnetic (EM) power to the elements of a transmitting antenna, the polarization of the electric fields in the feeding waveguide should be parallel. A rectangular waveguide excited in the H1,0-mode has such a linear polarization. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a suitable matching transformer between the coaxial and rectangular waveguides. The purpose of the transformer is to convert the TEM mode in the coaxial line into the H1,0-mode in a number of rectangular waveguides. These are then connected to the antennas.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Differential profiling studies of N-linked glycoproteins in glioblastoma cancer stem cells upon treatment with γ-secretase inhibitor

We have recently demonstrated that Notch pathway blockade by γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) depletes cancer stem cells (CSCs) in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) through reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis. However, the detailed mechanism by which the manipulation of Notch signal induces alterations on post-translational modifications such as glycosylation has not been investigated. Herein, we present a differential profiling work to detect the change of glycosylation pattern upon drug treatment in GBM CSCs. Rapid screening of differential cell surface glycan structures has been performed by lectin microarray on live cells followed by the detection of N-linked glycoproteins from cell lysates using multi-lectin chromatography and label-free quantitative mass spectrometry analysis. A total of 51 and 52 glycoproteins were identified in the CSC- and GSI-treated groups, respectively, filtered by a combination of decoy database searching and Trans-Proteomic Pipeline (TPP) processing. Although no significant changes were detected from the lectin microarray experiment, 7 differentially expressed glycoproteins with high confidence were captured after the multi-lectin column including key enzymes involved in glycan processing. Functional annotations of the altered glycoproteins suggest a phenotype transformation of CSCs toward a less tumorigenic form upon GSI treatment.