cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Collecting Competent Evidence in Behalf of Children

PROTECTING CHILDREN from harm was never simple. It may never have been so complex as it is now. The current Zeitgeist of skepti cism about "child savers" requires that child advocates be fully equipped with techniques for effectively argu ing their cause.1 Adversarial court proceedings increasingly involve law yers for the child, the parents, and the state, and demand greater savvy from social workers about legal matters. A trend toward raising the standards of evidence is matched by a reduction in the tolerance of the courts for in
Vertical scaling of 0.25-μm emitter InP/InGaAs single heterojunction bipolar transistors with f/sub T/ of 452 GHz

Vertical scaling of the epitaxial structure has allowed submicron InP/InGaAs-based single heterojunction bipolar transistors (SHBTs) to achieve record high-frequency performance. The 0.25/spl times/16 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ transistors, featuring a 25-nm base and a 100-nm collector, display current gain cut-off frequencies f/sub T/ of 452 GHz. The devices operate at current densities above 1000 kA/cm/sup 2/ and have BV/sub CEO/ breakdowns of 2.1 V. A detailed analysis of device radio frequency (RF) parameters, and delay components with respect to scaling of the collector thickness is presented.
Dietary chromium and interior egg quality.

Abstract Effects of supplementing a corn-soy diet with chromium, vanadium and other ingredients on interior egg quality of caged layer hens were investigated. Although including 10 ppm chromium or 10% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) significantly increased Haugh units in one experiment, no significant improvement was obtained by adding chromium to the basal diet in four subsequent experiments nor did DDGS show an improvement when included as a treatment in one of the latter experiments. In the first experiment, a combination of chromium and DDGS gave no further improvement in interior egg quality. No significant difference in glucose utilization was observed between hens fed diets with and without chromium. Vanadium significantly reduced Haugh unit values, but the marked deterioration of albumen quality caused by adding 10 or 20 ppm vanadium was significantly counteracted by adding chromium to the diet in all experiments. The effect of dietary zinc on Haugh units was not consistent. The results of these studies demonstrate that chromium is effective in counteracting the deleterious effect of vanadium on interior egg quality and indicate that chromium may be essential for maintenance of the normal physical state of egg albumen.
Exponential convergence of a unified CLF controller for robotic systems under parameter uncertainty

This paper presents a novel method for achieving exponential convergence of a Control Lyapunov Function (CLF) based controller in a n-DOF robotic system in the presence of parameter uncertainty. Utilizing the linearity of parameters in the equations of motion, we construct the regressor and augment the state space of the robot to include a vector of unknown parameters, called base inertial parameters. The augmented state space can be utilized to realize an optimal controller that is exponentially stable while simultaneously estimating the parameters online. To achieve this result, acceleration data for a given torque input is measured and used to compute the regressor. This, in turn, is used to compute the set of base inertial parameters in the form of linear equality constraints. By demonstrating that it is not necessary for the estimated parameters to converge to the actual parameters, but rather convergence is only needed on a specified space, we are able to construct a quadratic program enforcing convergence. The end result is that exponential convergence of a Control Lyapunov Function can be guaranteed, in an optimal fashion, without prior knowledge of the parameters.
A Platelet Acquired Storage Pool Disorder Associated with Tamoxifen Therapy

The antiestrogenic drug tamoxifen, used in patients with breast cancer, is associated with an increase in arterial and venous thrombotic events, the mechanism of which is not clearly understood. We report a case of a lady who presented with new bruising and prolonged bleeding following a tooth extraction 4–6 weeks after starting tamoxifen. Investigations were consistent with an acquired platelet storage pool disorder. Repeat platelet function analysis was normal, performed 3 months after discontinuation of tamoxifen. We present a previously clinically unreported effect of tamoxifen on platelet function.
Chronobiologic assessment of human blood pressure variation in health and disease

Once long and dense measurement series are available, biologic rhythm characteristics are readily computed. To assess such characteristics, we present suitable methods for blood pressure data collection and analysis. Since intra- and inter-individual differences are greater for blood pressure than for many other physiologic variables, any rhythm should and can be assessed for the individual subject by an inferential statistical approach. Circadian rhythms are thus mapped in human blood pressure in health and disease, under ordinary conditions and in social isolation, and can be shifted in their timing by changes in work schedule. Under all of the foregoing conditions, these rhythms account for a large part of the variability in blood pressure measurements. Their assessment renders changes in blood pressure predictable to a substantial degree, whereas their neglect can lead to false positive and false negative diagnoses of “hypertension”. Changes in a measure of the extent of reproducible change, such as the circadian amplitude, can lead to amplitude-hypertension occurring before the 24-h mean becomes elevated: mesor-hypertension. When changes in biologic rhythm characteristics precede an elevation of the 24-h mean of systolic blood pressure, they are harbingers of cardiovascular disease. Once automatic and/or self-measurement covers at least 48 hours with proper density, rhythmometry yields stable characteristics. High school students and adults alike can handle inferential statistical tests whereby rhythm characteristics a) are determined in actual or presumed health and b) may be found to be altered, the alteration (indicating, e.g., amplitude and/or mesorhypertension) prompting intervention. Statistical tests also gauge the effect of intervention, motivate compliance and thus contribute toward the success of preventive or curative measures. A system of education and software for rhythm analysis, wedded to hardware for self- and automatic blood pressure measurement, is particularly suitable for screening, diagnosis and the optimization by timing of non-drug and drug treatments to enhance the desired effect and to reduce side effects. Rhythmometry of data from room-restricted automatic monitoring demonstrates the effect of a shift from a betablocker to a placebo within 24 hours and corroborates it within 48 hours.
Comparison of the Culture Bias of the Kit : Exp with the Wisc Using Spanish Surname Children Differing in Language Spoken

The Kahn Intelligence Test, Experimental Form (KIT:EXP) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) were administered to three groups (English dominant, Bilingual, and Spanish dominant) of Spanish surname children to determine whether the KIT:EXP was freer of culture bias than was the WISC. Significance for the language and test factors was obtained, F (2,18) = 4.02, p < .05 and F (2,36) = 3.84, p < .05. A Newman-Keuls a posteriori test on means indicated that the English and the Bilingual groups differed significantly from the Spanish dominant group but did not differ significantly from each other (p < .05). The absence of an interaction effect suggested that the tests are not different in their culture bias.
Absorption of Iodine Vapor by Starch Granules Suspended in Potassium Iodide Solution

The rate of absorption of iodine vapor by 0.05 M KI aqueous solution was measured and also the rate of absorption by starch granules suspended in 0.05 M KI solution. The rate was found faster when starch granules were present. Details of the measurement procedures are given.
Effects of the commercial in ovo injection of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on broiler posthatch performance and carcass characteristics

In ovo injection of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3] has been shown to improve hatchability of injected broiler eggs. Effects of the in ovo injection of commercial diluent containing various levels of 25(OH)D3 on broiler posthatch performance and carcass characteristics were investigated in 2 trials. On each of 10 tray levels of a single-stage incubator, all treatment groups were randomly represented with each containing 21 and 40 eggs in trials 1 and 2, respectively. Treatments included noninjected and diluent-injected (100 µL commercial diluent-injected) controls, and those that received 0.15, 0.30, 0.60, or 1.20 µg of 25(OH)D3 in trial 1 and 0.20, 0.60, 1.80, or 5.4 µg of 25(OH)D3 in trial 2, in 100 µL of commercial diluent using a commercial multi-egg injector on d 18 of incubation. On d 21 of incubation, chicks from each treatment replicate group were placed in corresponding floor pens. Feed intake, BW gain, and feed conversion were determined for the weekly and cumulative 0 to 21 d age intervals in trial 1 and for the weekly and cumulative 0 to 48 d age intervals in trial 2. In trial 2, 2 birds from each sex were selected from each treatment replicate group for determination of processing carcass characteristics on d 49 posthatch. Feed intake in the 0 to 7, 7 to 14, and 14 to 21 d age intervals and BW gain in the 0 to 7 and 14 to 21 d age intervals were affected by treatment in trial 2. The in ovo injection of up to 1.20 and 0.60 µg of 25(OH)D3 in trials 1 and 2, respectively, did not affect the BW gain of birds during the 0 to 7, 7 to 14, and 14 to 21 d age intervals compared with the noninjected and diluent-injected control groups. It was concluded that the in ovo injection of up to 1.20 µg of 25(OH)D3 into the amnion has no detrimental effect on the overall posthatch performance of broilers.
The ‘Propositiones Utiles’ of Pierre D'ailly: an Epitome of Conciliar Theory

The confused and tumultuous circumstances surrounding the election to the papacy of Urban VI, its corollaries, the subsequent defection of thirteen of the cardinals, their election of a rival pontiff, and the ensuing years of dismal division within the Church—these form the general background to this tract, which is a product, therefore, of the immense outburst of polemical writing occasioned by the onset, in 1378, of the Great Schism. The more immediate circumstances surrounding it are the failure by 1403 of the French withdrawal of obedience from the Avignonese pope to produce a settlement of the Schism, the breakdown of all subsequent negotiations between the rival pontiffs, and finally the convocation, by dissident cardinals from both camps, of a general council which was to meet at Pisa in March, 1409.
Demand-assigned multiple-access schemes using collision-type request channels: priority messages

Demand-assigned multiple-access (DAMA) schemes in which requests for communication channels are transmitted over shared collision-type channels to a master controller, and in which messages of different priorities are present, are analysed. Priority use of the request channels is achieved by having users select among those channels according to a priority-dependent probability distribution. Two important schemes of this class are considered. Additionally, three schemes for priority assignment of message channels are treated: two are non-pre-emptive and one is pre-emptive. Trade-offs among bandwidth utilisation and delay are considered, as well as optimisation of system parameters.
Sedation management for the adult mechanically ventilated patient

From length of stay (LOS) reports, and as recognised by nurse and physician experts, sedation management was problematic for the mechanically ventilated medical intensive care unit (MICU) patient. The growing body of knowledge about sedation management has not been consistently applied in practice, leading to inadequate or oversedation of mechanically ventilated patients, thus prolonging ventilator hours and MICU and hospital LOS and increasing cost. The purpose of the evidence-based, sedation management project was to implement evidence-based sedation management practices for the mechanically ventilated critically ill adult patient and thereby, improve patient outcomes related to sedation. Anticipated improvements in patient outcomes were (a) decrease in the duration of mechanical ventilation, (b) decrease in MICU and hospital LOS, and (c) decrease in cost per case. Objectives to achieve these goals include (1) increasing nurses’ knowledge regarding evidence-based sedation management practices; (2) increasing documentation of the level of sedation, interventions, and reassessment; and (3) developing and implementing an evidence-based sedation management practice protocol inclusive of analgesic and sedative titration using level of sedation and daily interruption of sedatives for a “wake-up” test. Evidence was obtained through advanced search strategies using Medline and CINAHL. MeSH search terms used in the Ovid …
Balance between clinical and environmental responses to infectious diseases.

A child enters a village clinic in China presenting with symptoms of lead poisoning. She is treated, and the area around her house is investigated for the source of exposure, an environmental response designed to prevent re-exposure. A child enters the same clinic presenting with symptoms of acute schistosomiasis infection. He is treated and sent home only to be reinfected in his still-contaminated community. This contrasting response to chemical and infectious environmental hazards is not an isolated example; rather it is a reflection of the largely clinical orientation of many global infectious disease control efforts,1 despite the potential for environmental interventions to sustainably and cost-effectively limit re-exposure to environmental pathogens.2 We argue that the management of environmental pathogens— currently dominated by clinical intervention—could benefit from an improved balance between clinical response and environmental action. Interestingly, physicians themselves have argued for just such a balanced response to chemical environmental hazards—an important historical example is the chemical hazard lead (Pb).
A lab approach for introductory programming courses

The lab portion of the introductory computer science course at Wartburg College is described. These two-hour time blocks are designed to facilitate a high degree of student involvement through intensive practice in the development of algorithms and the application of key programming concepts. Several positive outcomes of the laboratory approach are delineated and examples of specific lab sessions are provided.
Considering remanufacture and other end-of-life options in selection of fastening and joining methods

This paper emphasizes remanufacturing as an end-of-life option and the effects of fastening and joining methods on remanufacture. Three case studies describe examples of fastening and joining that facilitate assembly and recycling but impede remanufacturing. To illustrate the impact of fastening choices on remanufacture relative to other life-cycle concerns, the development of a computer tool that estimates the effects of fastening and joining choices on manufacture, assembly, maintenance, remanufacture and recycling is in progress. The current implementation of the tool is described and used to compare the fastening methods that are used in the case studies with alternative fastening methods. These comparisons suggest that elements of fastening methods that are prone to failure be made separable from the remainder of the part.
Love, Sex, and Crime: Adolescent Romantic Relationships and Offending:

Scholars are often pessimistic about adolescent dating, linking it to increases in depression, interpersonal violence, conflict with parents, school failure, associations with delinquents, substance use, and offending. Yet, the various dimensions of dating may have opposing consequences. The closeness offered by adolescent romantic love may fill an important void found between the weakening of bonds with parents and the onset of adult attachments, and it may discourage an array of negative outcomes, including involvement in crime. Adolescent sexual activity, in contrast, may increase offending, in part by augmenting the strain created by relationships. When coupled with a romantic relationship, however, sex is likely less stressful and consequential for crime. In this article, we analyze patterns of romance, sexual behavior, and adolescent crime with panel data from the nationally representative Adolescent Health Survey. Findings support our expectations regarding differential effects of romance and sex. We conclude by discussing the implications of these results for understanding adolescent delinquency, social attachments, and development.
Exponential Stability for a Family of Continuous Nonlinear Systems

This paper presents sufficient conditions for a perturbed trajectory to approach the desired trajectory as t approaches infinity. The sufficient condition guarantee that an upper bound decays exponentially
Observational and theoretical spectra of supernovae

Progress in nuclear astrophysics by means of quantitative supernova spectroscopy is discussed with special concentration on type Ia, Ib and Ic and on SN 1987A. Spectral calculations continue to support an exploding C/O white dwarf as the best model of a SN Ia. Deflagration model W7 produces good maximum light spectra of SN Ia and seems to have a better composition distribution compared to delayed detonation models, but proper treatment of opacity remains a problem and the physical basis of SN Ia explosions is still not completely understood. All models for SN Ia predict large quantities of 56Co in the ejecta, but it is not clear that observations confirm this. Although the evolutionary origin of SN Ia remains uncertain, there is recent evidence that transfer of hydrogen in a binary system may be involved, as long suspected. There has been progress in comparing dynamical models with the optical/IR spectra of SN 1987A. The evolution of the [OI] λλ6300, 6364 feature and the presence of strong persistent HeI λ10 830 indicate that both the envelope and core material contribute substantially to the formation of emission lines in the nebular phase and that neither the core nor the envelope can be neglected. Blending with nearby hydrogen lines may affect both of these spectral features, thereby complicating the analysis of the lines. The effects of continuum transfer and photoionization have been included and are under study. The discrepancies between theoretical and observed spectra are due primarily to the one-dimensional hydrodynamic models. The spectral data are not consistent with the high density “spike” (in radial coordinate) of the core material that is predicted by all such models. Analysis of the light curves of SN Ib and SN Ic supernovae implies that there are significant differences in their physical properties. Some SN Ib have considerably more ejecta mass than SN Ic events. SN Ib require He-rich atmospheres to produce the observed strong optical lines of HeI somewhat after maximum. SN Ic events require a considerable depletion, if not absence, of helium. Calculations of the nebular phase after about 200 days show that the optical spectra of SN Ib/c will not reveal HeI even if helium is present. The spectra at that phase are rather insensitive to variations in the mass and composition. The similarity of the optical spectra of SN Ib and Ic events at late times thus does not mean that they are physically very similar. Observations of the HeI λ10 830 line could provide a good diagnostic of the atmospheric composition of Sn Ib and SN Ic.
An fMRI study of personality influences on brain reactivity to emotional stimuli.

Functional imaging studies have examined which brain regions respond to emotional stimuli, but they have not determined how stable personality traits moderate such brain activation. Two personality traits, extraversion and neuroticism, are strongly associated with emotional experience and may thus moderate brain reactivity to emotional stimuli. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to directly test whether individual differences in brain reactivity to emotional stimuli are correlated with extraversion and neuroticism in healthy women. Extraversion was correlated with brain reactivity to positive stimuli in localized brain regions, and neuroticism was correlated with brain reactivity to negative stimuli in localized brain regions. This study provides direct evidence that personality is associated with brain reactivity to emotional stimuli and identifies both common and distinct brain regions where such modulation takes place. Despite a strong scientific interest in the topic of emotions and the brain in the late 19th century (Darwin, 1872; James, 1884), a broad experimental effort to understand the neural basis of emotion did not commence until the last quarter of the 20th century. Inspired by animal studies investigating the role of the amygdala in
Geometry of Proton-Proton Spin Effects at 12 to 28 GeV

The impact parameter representation is used to describe p-p elastic scattering spin effects. Central, spin-orbit, and spin-spin eikonals are written interns of form factors which are altributed to quark and gluon distributions. The spin form factor is a sum of the quark and gluon distributions. Although the model provides a poor account of dσ/dt, A, and Ann data over the entire range of t values available, it does decribe many of the features of A and Ann seen between 12 and 28 GeV at large angles.
SimFuse: A Novel Fusion Simulator for RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) Data

The performance evaluation of fusion detection algorithms from high-throughput sequencing data crucially relies on the availability of data with known positive and negative cases of gene rearrangements. The use of simulated data circumvents some shortcomings of real data by generation of an unlimited number of true and false positive events, and the consequent robust estimation of accuracy measures, such as precision and recall. Although a few simulated fusion datasets from RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) are available, they are of limited sample size. This makes it difficult to systematically evaluate the performance of RNA-Seq based fusion-detection algorithms. Here, we present SimFuse to address this problem. SimFuse utilizes real sequencing data as the fusions' background to closely approximate the distribution of reads from a real sequencing library and uses a reference genome as the template from which to simulate fusions' supporting reads. To assess the supporting read-specific performance, SimFuse generates multiple datasets with various numbers of fusion supporting reads. Compared to an extant simulated dataset, SimFuse gives users control over the supporting read features and the sample size of the simulated library, based on which the performance metrics needed for the validation and comparison of alternative fusion-detection algorithms can be rigorously estimated.
The Ligand Shell as an Energy Barrier in Surface Reactions on Transition Metal Nanoparticles

Transition metal nanoparticles, including those employed in catalytic, electrocatalytic, and photocatalytic conversions, have surfaces that are typically coated with a layer of short or long-chain ligands. There is little systematic understanding of how much this ligand layer affects the reactivity of the underlying surface. We show for Ag nanoparticles that a surface-adsorbed thiol layer greatly impedes the kinetics of an ionic chemical reaction taking place on the Ag surface. The model reaction studied is the galvanic exchange of Ag with Au3+ ions, the kinetics of which is measured on individual thiol-coated nanoparticles using in situ optical scattering spectroscopy. We observe a systematic lowering of the reactivity of the nanoparticle as the chain length of the thiol is increased, from which we deduce that the ligand layer serves as an energy barrier to the transport of incoming/outgoing reactive ions. This barrier effect can be decreased by light irradiation, resulting from weakened binding of the t...
The Treatment Analysis of Acute Benzodiazepines Overdose in Children Cases

Objective:To investigate the treatment for children benzodiazepines overdose. Methods:Twenty-five cases of child benzodiazepines overdose in our hospital and 3-month follow-up data were respectively analyzed. Results:Twenty five cases of child benzodiazepines overdose were cured and discharged from hospital,and had no complications within 3 months. Conclusions:For children with benzodiazepines overdose,the necessity of timely clearance of gastrointestinal drugs,effective antidotes and supportive treatment is indicated.
Fast decision-making algorithm based economic analysis for a steam-driven induced draft fan

On the basis of steam-driven induced draft fan(ID fan)renovation in large scale coalfired power plants,a new fast economic decision-making algorithm was proposed.Compared with the conventional heat balance method,this algorithm can obtain the calculation parameters more easily,and directly calculate the difference of power generation standard coal consumption between steam-driven ID fan scheme and electric-driven ID fan scheme,so as to obtain the economic benefits of the above two schemes before and after the transformation.Calculation for an ultra supercritical 1 036MW unit showed that,under 100%THA,75% THA and 50% THA load conditions,the steam-driven scheme consumed 3.143g/(kW·h),3.351g/(kW·h)and 3.094g/(kW·h)standard coal more than the electric-driven scheme,respectively.However,in the steam-driven scheme,the auxiliary power ratio was decreased significantly,which resulted in roughly 7.439×106 yuan excess profit,so the investment const can be recovered after about2.8years.
The Kenya Association for the Welfare of Epileptics.

In the late ninety-seventies it was clear to a group of people in Kenya that the clinic for children with epilepsy, which the Kenya Government had run at the Kenyatta National Hospital, was by far not enough to cope with the needs of people with epilepsy in the country. Sixteen doctors and lay persons joined forces in 1982 to form the Kenya Association for the Welfare of Epileptics (KAWE). The KAWE decided to start and experimental clinic for children with epilepsy in Mathare Valley, which is 5 km from the Kenyattra Hospital and is one of the underprivileged areas of Nairobi
Cognitive load theory and teaching in primary care

Educating undergraduates to become master learners during primary care rotations is no easy task. Typically, attachment to primary care is short and often block-based with more time spent in hospital ward settings. Furthermore, there is often no continuum from primary to secondary care with learners having limited opportunities following patients along their journey. Educators in this domain have the added pressure of ensuring sufficient coverage of curricula in a condensed period of time. Add to this the often longstanding relationships built up between patients and their primary care doctors further exacerbating the issue with regards to the interaction between the learner and patient. When it comes to learning, adoption of learning theory is paramount.1 …
Alcohol-Related Problems

This chapter focuses on the sociocultural dimensions of alcohol-related problems. Abuse and dependence on alcohol are biologically related phenomena as far as the clinical conditions of intoxication, dependence, and withdrawal are concerned. However, psychological factors are associated with the indulgence in and control of substance abuse. Furthermore, sociocultural factors contribute to the prevalence and viscidity of alcohol problems or substance abuse. Wide differences in attitudes toward drinking, patterns of drinking, and amounts consumed all indicate the strong sociocultural impact on drinking behavior, which, in turn, coupled with biological predisposition and psychological vulnerability, contribute to the development of physiologically related psychopathology. The sociocultural input into this disorder is evidenced by the wide range of the amount consumed, the prevalence of alcohol problems among societies with different cultures, and the fluctuation of the prevalence of the disorder observed evenwithin the same society in association with changes occurring in the society. Alcoholism serves as one of the social indexes of mental health conditions. Among the trends observed around the world, there are two common threads. First, among culturally uprooted, economically unprivileged minority groups, drinking problems tend to be prevalent, which suggests that when people are trapped in a situation characterized by chronic frustration, without hope for the future, they tend to indulge in drinking as oneway to cope with the stress. The second thread is that, with the improvement of economic conditions, drinking tends to increase. It has been observed that drinking and problems, after reaching their peak, tend to level off in some developed societies; however, in many developing societies, drinking is increasing and complications from drinking are becoming serious, calling for urgent attention.
Irreconcilable Differences: Congressional Treatment of Internet Service Providers as Speakers

This Article argues that under the CDA and OCILLA, Congress adopted facially inconsistent approaches towards ISP liability for expression. Nonetheless, despite the overt differences, it is possible to discern an underlying principle for determining when ISPs should be considered speakers that reconciles this inconsistency. Put simply, the CDA and OCILLA support an approach toward determining when ISPs are speakers that focuses on whether an ISP exercises editorial control over its network. This approach is evidenced by the fact that both statutes recognize that ISPs are able to exercise editorial control over any and all content on their networks, and both encourage the exercise of that control in one form or another.
Non-Progressive Ataxias

A population-based study of 78 Swedish children with non-progressive ataxia is reported from the Department of Paediatrics, Malarsjukhuset, Eskilstuna; Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm; and Department of Paediatrics, University of Goteborg, Sweden.
A transmission infrared cell design for temperature-controlled adsorption and reactivity studies on heterogeneous catalysts.

A design is presented for a versatile transmission infrared cell that can interface with an external vacuum manifold to undergo in situ gas treatments and receive controlled doses of various adsorbates and probe molecules, allowing characterization of heterogeneous catalyst surfaces in order to identify and quantify active sites and adsorbed surface species. Critical design characteristics include customized temperature control for operation between cryogenic and elevated temperatures (100-1000 K) and modified Cajon fittings for operation over a wide pressure range (10-2-103 Torr) that eliminates the complications introduced when using sealants or flanges to secure cell windows. The customized, hand-tightened Cajon fittings simplify operation of the cell compared to previously reported designs, because they allow for rapid cell assembly and disassembly and, in turn, replacement of catalyst samples. In order to validate the performance of the cell, transmission infrared spectroscopic experiments are reported to characterize the Bronsted and Lewis acid sites present in H-beta and H-mordenite zeolites using cryogenic adsorption of CO (<150 K).
More Geometry of the Sphere

We saw in the last chapter that a tessellation of the sphere by regular polygons determines a polyhedron with regular faces inscribed in the sphere. However, it is certainly possible to construct polyhedra with regular faces that are not inscribed in the sphere. In our classification of regular and semiregular polyhedra, we saw that Euler’s formula severely limited the possible polyhedra that we could construct. By analysis of the numerical relations implied by the Euler formula and the polygonal faces, we were able to find all possible candidates.
Identification of aurintricarboxylic acid as a selective inhibitor of the TWEAK-Fn14 signaling pathway in glioblastoma cells

// Alison Roos 1, * , Harshil D. Dhruv 2, * , Ian T. Mathews 2 , Landon J. Inge 3 , Serdar Tuncali 1 , Lauren K. Hartman 2 , Donald Chow 2 , Nghia Millard 2 , Holly H. Yin 2 , Jean Kloss 4 , Joseph C. Loftus 4 , Jeffrey A. Winkles 5 , Michael E. Berens 2 , Nhan L. Tran 1 1 Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, USA 2 Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA 3 Norton Thoracic Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA 4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, USA 5 Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Nhan L. Tran, email: tran.nhan@mayo.edu Keywords: glioblastoma, survival, invasion, Fn14, aurintricarboxylic acid Received: August 15, 2016 Accepted: December 26, 2016 Published: January 17, 2017 ABSTRACT The survival of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma (GBM), the most deadly form of brain cancer, is compromised by the proclivity for local invasion into the surrounding normal brain, which prevents complete surgical resection and contributes to therapeutic resistance. Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, can stimulate glioma cell invasion and survival via binding to fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) and subsequent activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. To discover small molecule inhibitors that disrupt the TWEAK-Fn14 signaling axis, we utilized a cell-based drug-screening assay using HEK293 cells engineered to express both Fn14 and a NF-κB-driven firefly luciferase reporter protein. Focusing on the LOPAC1280 library of 1280 pharmacologically active compounds, we identified aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) as an agent that suppressed TWEAK-Fn14-NF-κB dependent signaling, but not TNFα-TNFR-NF-κB driven signaling. We demonstrated that ATA repressed TWEAK-induced glioma cell chemotactic migration and invasion via inhibition of Rac1 activation but had no effect on cell viability or Fn14 expression. In addition, ATA treatment enhanced glioma cell sensitivity to both the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ) and radiation-induced cell death. In summary, this work reports a repurposed use of a small molecule inhibitor that targets the TWEAK-Fn14 signaling axis, which could potentially be developed as a new therapeutic agent for treatment of GBM patients.
Characterization of flow-regulated cortical collecting duct endothelin-1 production.

Abstract Collecting duct (CD) endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) is an autocrine inhibitor of Na + and water reabsorption. Salt or water loading increases CD ET‐1 production; this is likely due, at least in part, to increased tubule fluid flow. The mechanisms by which flow stimulates CD ET‐1 production are incompletely understood. In particular, flow induction of cortical CD (CCD) and inner medullary CD (IMCD) ET‐1 synthesis may occur via different mechanisms. Since flow‐mediated ET‐1 production in IMCD has been more extensively characterized than in the CCD, this study was undertaken to further examine putative signaling pathways involved in flow‐stimulated CCD ET‐1 production. The CD cell line, mpkCCDcl4, was exposed to static or flow (2 dyne/cm 2 for 2 h) conditions and ET‐1/GAPDH mRNA levels were assessed. Intracellular Ca 2+ , Ca 2+ ‐stimulated Ca 2+ release, calcineurin, and protein kinase c α / β isoforms were all involved in the ET‐1 flow response. TRPC6, but not other CD‐expressed TRP channels (TRPC3, 4, and 5, or TRPV4) played a role in the ET‐1 flow response. Purinergic signaling pathways and cilia were not involved in the ET‐1 flow response. Based on these and previously published findings, we present a comparison of flow‐stimulated CD ET‐1 production between CCD and IMCD. We suggest that flow‐stimulated CCD ET‐1 production may be more involved in responding to Na + delivery, while IMCD ET‐1 production may be more responsive to water and solute delivery; the responsible pathways for mediating these effects in the two regions of the CD appear to be substantially distinct from one another.
'The Denialists Are Coming!' Well, Not Exactly: A Response to Russell and Blackburn.

Russell and Blackburn’s [1] call to action against ‘invasive species denialism’ appears to be invasion biology’s desperate last stand. Invasion biologists’ insistence that species introductions constitute a unified ecological crisis is losing support from both the scientific community and the informed public. It is being replaced by a more equivocal notion of ecological novelty, which can accommodate recognizing and responding to a spectrum of phenomena ranging from great good to great harm, with a good deal of relative insignificance in between.
The Length and Semantic Structure of Article Titles—Evolving Disciplinary Practices and Correlations with Impact

In this paper we examine the characteristics of titles (average length, proportion of titles with subtitles, proportion of interrogatory and indicative titles) and how they changed over a substantial period of time (half a century). We consistently analyze core literature in five diverse fields, in order to probe the usage of titles as a disciplinary identity building tool. In addition, we study whether different types of titles are used differently by authors depending on their academic age and productivity and collaboration levels, which has not been studied before. Finally, we revisit the connection between title characteristics and impact. We found that belonging to some discipline is the strongest determinant for the length of the titles and the occurrence of different forms of titles. This suggests that authors try to comply with the norms set in their fields. However, these norms are not fixed in time. Over the decades, the practices have changed, some of them quite abruptly. Individual groups of authors most often did not differ in their practices regarding the use of titles. We find that using titles posed as questions or titles stating the result results in no citation benefit.
Experience report on applying software analytics in incident management of online service

As online services become more and more popular, incident management has become a critical task that aims to minimize the service downtime and to ensure high quality of the provided services. In practice, incident management is conducted through analyzing a huge amount of monitoring data collected at runtime of a service. Such data-driven incident management faces several significant challenges such as the large data scale, complex problem space, and incomplete knowledge. To address these challenges, we carried out 2-year software-analytics research where we designed a set of novel data-driven techniques and developed an industrial system called the Service Analysis Studio (SAS) targeting real scenarios in a large-scale online service of Microsoft. SAS has been deployed to worldwide product datacenters and widely used by on-call engineers for incident management. This paper shares our experience about using software analytics to solve engineers pain points in incident management, the developed data-analysis techniques, and the lessons learned from the process of research development and technology transfer.
A Side of Family, Hold the Mother: Dare Wright and Her Fictive Kin in the Lonely Doll Series

This chapter analyzes the 1950s and 1960s Lonely Doll children’s picture books by the Canadian author Dare Wright, tracing how the books simultaneously evoke the mother and render her absent. Exploring the significance of the absence of mother in the texts, the chapter considers not only how and why this absence matters, but also how multiple other textual functions matter, including character creation, storylines, narrative voices, and the photographic images at work. This transdisciplinary study blends literary analysis with Barthes’ theory of narrative codes, history, and biography to demonstrate what these texts unearth about a motherless family portrait, which calls into question the extent to which a mother is needed at all.
Tunable dual-band graphene-based infrared reflectance filter

We experimentally demonstrated an actively tunable optical filter that controls the amplitude of reflected long-wave-infrared light in two separate spectral regions concurrently. Our device exploits the dependence of the excitation energy of plasmons in a continuous and unpatterned sheet of graphene on the Fermi-level, which can be controlled via conventional electrostatic gating. The filter enables simultaneous modification of two distinct spectral bands whose positions are dictated by the device geometry and graphene plasmon dispersion. Within these bands, the reflected amplitude can be varied by over 15% and resonance positions can be shifted by over 90 cm-1. Electromagnetic simulations verify that tuning arises through coupling of incident light to graphene plasmons by a grating structure. Importantly, the tunable range is determined by a combination of graphene properties, device structure, and the surrounding dielectrics, which dictate the plasmon dispersion. Thus, the underlying design shown here is applicable across a broad range of infrared frequencies.
Distribution and Density Functions

In Chapter 7, mapping properties of a random variable X are used to effect a transfer of probability mass from the basic space Ω to the real line 5ft. The resultant probability distribution induced by X assigns to each Borel set M a mass equal to the probability that X takes a value in that set. The distribution induced by a discrete random variable X is easy to visualize since it concentrates probability mass at each value in the range of X.
Effect of Annealing on the Morphology and Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes

Thermoplastic polyurethanes are essentially linear block copolymers which have many of the properties of crosslinked elastomers at ordinary use temperatures but may be processed by injection molding at elevated temperatures. Many of the unique properties of these materials are attributed to a microphase separation of the segments into “hard” urethane domains which are surrounded by a “soft” polyester or polyether matrix. Because of their commercial importance, the nature of this domain structure has been extensively studied (1–12). Several investigators have demonstrated that thermal history has a pronounced effect on the morphology of the segmented urethanes (4–10). Changes in crystallinity of the hard segment as well as rearrangment of the domain structure has been reported to occur with suitable heat treatments (4). Most of these studies, however, have been limited to annealing temperatures of 150°C or lower. In addition, the effects of changes in morphology with annealing on the mechanical properties have not been well characterized. The purpose of this investigation, therefore, was to study changes in morphology which occur during extensive annealing at temperatures of 150°C to 250°C and to relate these changes in morphology to changes in the physical properties of annealed samples.
Enhanced word classing for model M.

Model M is a superior class-based n-gram model that has shown improvements on a variety of tasks and domains. In previous work with Model M, bigram mutual information clustering has been used to derive word classes. In this paper, we introduce a new word classing method designed to closely match with Model M. The proposed classing technique achieves gains in speech recognition word-error rate of up to 1.1% absolute over the baseline clustering, and a total gain of up to 3.0% absolute over a Katz-smoothed trigram model, the largest such gain ever reported for a class-based language model.
Large 19th Century Earthquakes in Eastern/Central North America: A Comparative Analysis

Foreword For the understanding of seismogenesis as well as seismic hazard assessment in the North American mid-continent, two historical events are of paramount importance: the 1811–1812 New Madrid, central U.S,. sequence and the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina earthquake. Published estimates of magnitudes of the four principal New Madrid earthquakes have ranged from M∼7–8.75. In contrast, published estimates of the magnitude of the Charleston earthquake have almost all been within a range of Mw6.8–7.3. Upon cursory inspection, the macroseismic effects of the New Madrid mainshocks appear to be more severe at regional distances than those of the Charleston mainshock. I compare the intensity distributions more carefully, focusing on key indicators rather than the poorly constrained overall distribution of intensities. I conclude that the primary difference between the intensity distributions of the Charleston and New Madrid earthquakes is that the former has much better sampling, in particular of the low intensity field. These results suggest that the largest New Madrid mainshocks were not substantially larger than the Charleston earthquake.
Improving diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of myeloid neoplasms (MNs) by next generation sequencing.

e18567Background: Molecular aberrations in MNs have been well described. Driver mutations such as JAK2, MPL, and CALR, are pathognomonic for MNs, whereas other somatic mutations are less specific b...
Verb-phrase ellipsis and complex predicates in Hindi-Urdu

Complex predicates are found in diverse languages and feature multiple predicates that map to a monoclausal syntactic structure. They represent a fascinating instance of the systematic combination of syntactically and semantically independent elements to function as a unit. While complex predicates in Hindi-Urdu have received significant attention (Hook 1974; Mohanan 1994; Butt 1995), not yet addressed are the ways in which these constructions interact with verb phrase ellipsis (VPE), which has famously revealed much about the structure of the verbal domain. In head-final languages like Hindi-Urdu, the nature of the morphologically and lexically complex verb is difficult to probe; any head movement would typically be string-vacuous. The results of the investigation of VPE in complex predicates in this article suggest Hindi-Urdu features syntactic head movement of the components of the complex predicate to a functional head outside the vP. I build on Butt and Ramchand’s (2005) approach to Hindi-Urdu complex predicates featuring decomposed verbal structure to develop an account of the verbal domain that captures the syntactic connectedness between components of the complex predicate. This article engages with a set of highly topical questions concerning the status of head movement as a unified phenomenon (Hartman 2011; Lacara 2016; McCloskey 2016; Gribanova and Harizanov 2016; i.a.) and develops V-stranding VPE (McCloskey 1991; Goldberg 2005; Gribanova 2013a, 2013b; Sailor 2018) as a critical tool for investigating verb-final languages under this research program. Ultimately at stake is a contribution to the far larger project of elucidating the nature of head movement in head-final languages.
Text, talk, and informed consent: A component analysis.

e20558 Background: We applied a novel approach of analyzing and comparing the length and readability of transcribed Informed Consent Conversations (ICCs) with Informed Consent Documents (ICD) for p...