cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early Career Faculty Transitions: Negotiating Legitimacy and Seeking Support in Engineering Education

Background: There is limited research exploring the experiences of engineering education scholars transitioning into faculty positions. It is an opportune time to explore these transitions because there is a growing number of scholars identifying with the community, a growing number of doctoral programs being developed, and growing interest in hiring people with engineering education expertise. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study is to examine the transitions experienced by our research team of early career engineering education faculty. We describe and systematically analyze our personal experiences to capture the significant events and isolating factors that impacted our transitions. Design/Method: We engaged in a multiphase, multi-method, longitudinal research design grounded in collaborative autoethnography and collaborative inquiry. We leveraged Transition Theory and a multiple case study approach to examine written reflections recorded monthly for two years and ultimately identify the incidents that were critical to defining our experiences within our new roles. Results: While we each held positions in different institutional contexts, we found ourselves negotiating our legitimacy as faculty members, researchers, educators, and administrators. Three themes emerged: 1) understanding the expectations of our roles, 2) establishing our visibility, and 3) fulfilling our own purpose within our institutions. In response to these experiences, we sought support from others within our institutional context and among the engineering education community. Yet, the success of this support-seeking strategy varied across our group. Conclusions: The results of this work signify a need to support early career engineering education scholars in the development of local support networks as well as in their attempts to negotiate their legitimacy in faculty positions. Continued education of administrators and faculty members on the differences between engineering education research and scholarship will be helpful in ensuring that early career engineering education faculty have the support and resources necessary to succeed as researchers and educational change agents.
Energy Availability and RED-S Risk Factors in Competitive, Non-elite Male Endurance Athletes.

Energy Availability and RED-S Risk Factors in Competitive, Non-elite Male Endurance Athletes Amy R Lane1, Anthony C Hackney()1, Abbie E Smith-Ryan1, Kristen Kucera1, Johna K Register-Mihalik1 and Kristin Ondrak1 1Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA © The Authors Abstract Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) is predicated on the assumption that low energy availability (EA) induces deficiencies-dysfunction in multiple physiologic systems. However, research on RED-S and EA in male athletes is limited in comparison to women. The aim of this study is to investigate EA and the risk factors for RED-S, and their potential associations in non-elite male endurance athletes. Laboratory assessments for resting metabolic rate (RMR), bone mineral density (BMD), blood hormonal biomarkers and maximal aerobic capacity were conducted on 60 competitive, recreationally trained male endurance athletes (age=43.4±11.6 years [mean±SD], training=10.9±2.7 h/wk, 7.1±8.8 years). Participants provided 7-days of training logs and 4-days of diet records. Diet and training records were used to calculate EA. Correlations were used to examine associations between EA and RMR, BMD, stress fractures and reproductive, metabolic and bone biomarkers. Mean EA was 28.7±13.4 kcal/kg fat free mass (FFM), which categorized our sample as low EA (based upon published criterion, < 30 kcal/kg FFM) and at a high risk for RED-S. Hormonal and bone biomarkers were in normal clinical ranges, even though EA was low. The only interesting significant association was EA being negatively associated with total body BMD (r=–0.360, P=0.005), opposite of expectations. On average our subjects displayed a state of low EA based upon the criterion which has been primarily developed from female-based research. Nonetheless, our participants displayed no major hormonal or bone health disturbances found in athletes diagnosed with RED-S. A value of < 30 kcal/kg FFM to diagnose low EA may not be appropriate for non-elite endurance trained men.
First we eat, then we do everything else: The dynamic metabolic regulation of efferocytosis

Clearance of apoptotic cells, or "efferocytosis," is essential for diverse processes including embryonic development, tissue turnover, organ regeneration, and immune cell development. The human body is estimated to remove approximately 1% of its body mass via apoptotic cell clearance daily. This poses several intriguing cell metabolism problems. For instance, phagocytes such as macrophages must induce or suppress metabolic pathways to find, engulf, and digest apoptotic cells. Then, phagocytes must manage the potentially burdensome biomass of the engulfed apoptotic cell. Finally, phagocytes reside in complex tissue architectures that vary in nutrient availability, the types of dying cells or debris that require clearance, and the neighboring cells they interact with. Here, we review advances in our understanding of these three key areas of phagocyte metabolism. We end by proposing a model of efferocytosis that integrates recent findings and establishes a new paradigm for testing how efferocytosis prevents chronic inflammatory disease and autoimmunity.
Home pulse oximetry after discharge from a quaternary-care children's hospital: Prescriber patterns and perspectives.

INTRODUCTION Pulse oximetry monitoring is prescribed to children receiving home oxygen for chronic medical conditions associated with hypoxemia. Although home pediatric pulse oximetry is supported by national organizations, there is a lack of guidelines outlining indications and prescribing parameters. METHODS A mixed-methods analysis of pediatric home pulse oximetry orders prescribed through the institutional home healthcare provider at a large US children's hospital 6/2018-7/2019 was retrospectively reviewed to determine prescribed alarm parameter limits and recommended interventions. Semi-structured qualitative interviews with pediatric providers managing patients receiving home oxygen and pulse oximetry were conducted to identify opportunities to improve home pulse oximetry prescribing practices. Interviews were analyzed using a modified content analysis approach to identify recurring themes. RESULTS A total of 368 children received home pulse oximetry orders. Orders were most frequently prescribed on noncardiac medical floors (32%). Attending physicians were the most frequent ordering providers (52%). Frequency of use was prescribed in 96% of orders, however, just 70% were provided with specific instructions for interventions when alarms occurred. Provider role and clinical setting were significantly associated with the presence of a care plan. Provider interviews identified opportunities for improvement with the device, management of alarm parameter limits, and access to home monitor data. DISCUSSION This study demonstrated significant variability in home pulse oximetry prescribing practices. Provider interviews highlighted the importance of the provider-patient relationship and areas for improvement. There is an opportunity to create standardized guidelines that optimize the use of home monitoring devices for patients, families, and pulmonary providers.
Enzymatic Desaturation of Stearyl Acyl Carrier Protein

Abstract Stearyl acyl carrier protein, chemically prepared from 1-14C stearic acid and Escherichia coli acyl carrier protein, is desaturated to oleic acid by extracts of photoauxotrophic Euglena gracilis and of spinach. The soluble stearyl acyl carrier protein desaturase system from Euglena has been separated into three components, a reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide oxidase, the desaturase, and a nonheme iron protein (ferredoxin). The enzyme requires reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide and molecular oxygen. Desaturation is inhibited by KCN but is not affected by carbon monoxide.
ESCRITA PESSOAL, MEMÓRIA E NOVAS TECNOLOGIAS

Platao sugere que a escrita seja um instrumento para o esquecimento em vez de preservacao da memoria. No entanto, ao longo dos seculos, diarios pessoais tem sido mantidos nao so como uma "receita para lembranca", como sugere Platao, mas tambem como um meio de um trabalho de memoria. Atualmente, observa-se cidadaos do mundo inteiro com seus olhos colados as telas de seus smartphones, iPads e notebooks, o que evidencia a necessidade de uma nova abordagem da escrita como instrumento de memoria ou do esquecimento. O presente artigo explora a relacao entre a escrita do diario e memoria, bem como na forma como a escrita pessoal e praticada com o auxilio das novas tecnologias. Este artigo e parte de uma pesquisa de pos-doutoramento intitulada "Memoria, Tempo e Escrita Diaristica" - uma investigacao sobre como a memoria, como uma funcao biologica, poderia ajudar a compreender a natureza do diario enquanto "memoria em progresso".
Transformational Learning and Role of Self-Authorship in Developing Women Leaders.

Given the challenges of the workplace and the historic exclusion of women and people of color from positional leadership, this dual case study explores women's experiences in two graduate programs ...
TRP and Rhodopsin Transport Depends on Dual XPORT ER Chaperones Encoded by an Operon.

TRP channels and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play critical roles in sensory reception. However, the identities of the chaperones that assist GPCRs in translocating from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are limited, and TRP ER chaperones are virtually unknown. The one exception for TRPs is Drosophila XPORT. Here, we show that the xport locus is bicistronic and encodes unrelated transmembrane proteins, which enable the signaling proteins that initiate and culminate phototransduction, rhodopsin 1 (Rh1) and TRP, to traffic to the plasma membrane. XPORT-A and XPORT-B are ER proteins, and loss of either has a profound impact on TRP and Rh1 targeting to the light-sensing compartment of photoreceptor cells. XPORT-B complexed in vivo with the Drosophila homolog of the mammalian HSP70 protein, GRP78/BiP, which, in turn, associated with Rh1. Our work highlights a coordinated network of chaperones required for the biosynthesis of the TRP channel and rhodopsin in Drosophila photoreceptor cells.
Laminating solution-processed silver nanowire mesh electrodes onto solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells

Solution processed silver nanowire meshes (Ag NWs) were laminated on top of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (ss-DSCs) as a reflective counter electrode. Ag NWs were deposited in <1 min and were less reflective compared to evaporated Ag controls; however, AgNW ss-DSC devices consistently had higher fill factors (0.6 versus 0.69), resulting in comparable power conversion efficiencies (2.7%) compared to thermally evaporated Ag control (2.8%). Laminated Ag NW electrodes enable higher throughput manufacturing and near unity material usage, resulting in a cheaper alternative to thermally evaporated electrodes.
Meta-analysis: audit and feedback features impact effectiveness on care quality.

Background:Audit and feedback (A&F) has long been used to improve quality of care, albeit with variable results. This meta-analytic study tested whether Feedback Intervention Theory, a framework from industrial/organizational psychology, explains the observed variability in health care A&F research.
The response of US copper companies to changing market conditions

Abstract This paper is a study of the response by the US copper companies to the changing market conditions of the period 1970–1988. The analysis of past and current behaviour is based on the long-run strategies that the copper industry must use to adjust to periodical cyclical volatility instead of a one time reaction to a particular structural change in the market. This need to adjust to cyclical volatility, whatever the cause, is the reason behind observed behaviour strategies. Changes in mine ownership and operation are detailed, and case studies of AMAX, Anaconda, ASARCO, Cyprus, Duval, Kennecott, Newmont, and Phelps Dodge are discussed. The results show that the primary change in the dominant behavioural strategy of the industry is a movement to cost efficient, copper specializing companies at the expense of the more broadly based mineral companies.
The impact of group attributes on communication activity and shared language in online communities

This study examines how group size, network density, participation equality and member turnover are related to communication activity and shared language in online communities. It examines the social interactions of sixteen randomly selected discussion groups (33,450 participants and 632,622 messages) covering topics in politics, health, hobbies, and science and technology over a 20-month period. It relies on social network analysis, computational linguistics and hierarchical linear modeling to uncover the extent to which group attributes impact message replies, conversational thread length and shared word choices. The results show that group size and network density are positively related to communication activity and shared language, while participation equality and member turnover are not significant predictors.
The use of optical diffraction to produce images

— Images have been produced by modulating light by diffraction for over 100 years. Two Nobel prizes have been awarded for imaging techniques using diffraction. The modulation efficiency is quite high, and diffraction can be used to select the color as well as the intensity of an image. The process does not require polarized light. A wide variety of light modulators can be used to produce efficient diffractive images. This paper intends to follow the history of the use of diffraction to produce images and describe some of the newer techniques that have the potential of extending the use of diffractive imaging far into the future.
Permeability in the Mushy Zone

When modeled at macroscopic length scales, the complex dendritic network in the solid-plus-liquid region of a solidifying alloy (the “mushy zone”) has been modeled as a continuum based on the theory of porous media. The most important property of a porous medium is its permeability, which relates the macroscopic pressure gradient to the throughput of ﬂuid ﬂow. Knowledge of the permeability of the mushy zone as a function of the local volume-fraction of liquid and other morphological parameters is thus essential to successfully modeling the ﬂow of interdendritic liquid during alloy solidiﬁcation. In current continuum models, the permeability of the mushy zone is given as a deterministic function of (1) the local volume fraction of liquid and (2) a characteristic length scale such as the primary dendrite arm spacing or the reciprocal of the speciﬁc surface area of the solid-liquid interface. Here we ﬁrst provide a broad overview of the experimental data, mesoscale numerical ﬂow simulations, and resulting correlations for the deterministic permeability of both equiaxed and columnar mushy zones. A extended view of permeability in mushy zones which includes the stochastic nature of permeability is discussed. This viewpoint is the result of performing extensive numerical simulations of creeping ﬂow through random microstructures. The permeabilities obtained from these simulations are random functions with spatial autocorrelation structures, and variations in the local permeability are shown to have dramatic eﬀects on the ﬂow patterns observed in such microstructures. Speciﬁcally, it is found that “lightning-like” patterns emerge in the ﬂuid velocity and that the ﬂows in such geometries are strongly sensitive to small variations in the solid structure. We conclude with a comparison of deterministic and stochastic permeabilities which suggests the importance of incorporating stochastic descriptions of the permeability of the mushy zone in solidiﬁcation modeling.
Correlative Anatomy for the Electrophysiologist, Part I: The Pericardial Space, Oblique Sinus, Transverse Sinus

There is an increasing need for invasive electrophysiologists to appreciate the exact anatomy of the epicardial space and the coronary veins. The location of the epicardial fat, the complementary relationship with the main cardiac veins, and the location of sensitive structures (arteries, phrenic nerve, esophagus) have become required knowledge for electrophysiologists, and accessing the epicardial space with this thorough knowledge of the pericardial sinuses and recesses is essential to allow radiographic correlation during catheter manipulation. In this review, we briefly describe the anatomy of the pericardial space and then discuss the specific correlation for the invasive electrophysiologist, highlighting epicardial access, catheter navigation, and avoidance of collateral injury with specific attention to the important recesses of the pericardial space, their regional anatomy, and radiographic correlation when navigating catheters to these locations. We also discuss the anatomy of the main cardiac veins in the context of catheter mapping and ablation of the epicardial substrate through the venous system and without subxiphoid pericardial access. In Part I of this two-part series, we discuss the regional anatomy of the pericardial space, oblique sinus, and transverse sinus.
Chemicals from biobutanol: technologies and markets

This review provides a technical description of the range of commercial products that can be accessed from n-butanol, with specific emphasis on n-butanol derived from renewable sources (biobutanol). n-Butanol itself and primary derivatives in which the oxygen functionality of the molecule is retained (butyraldehyde and butyric acid) have mainstream applications in the solvent, polymer, fuel oxygenate, and/or specialty chemical markets, while butanol dehydration products (butenes and butadiene) present additional opportunities in the hydrocarbon fuel and synthetic elastomers markets. The volume and value of these markets are noted and specific applications of first- and second-generation n-butanol derivatives are discussed. Selected technologies for the conversion of butenes into other valuable olefins are described and current biobutanol producers and technology providers are identified and profiled. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Pullorum Disease Studies in Turkeys IV. Blood Cells and their Response to Pullorum Infection

Abstract THIS study was undertaken for the purpose of contributing to the knowledge of blood cell changes of turkeys affected with pullorum disease. Chaudhuri (1927) found that the number of erythrocytes in a unit volume of blood is significantly higher in the sexually normal adult male than in the normal adult female of the fowl. Hofmeister (1934) reported that Leghorns with acute infection showed a sharp rise in the number of pseudoeosinophile leucocytes, reaching a peak in 1 to 3 days. At the same time small lymphocytes decreased in numbers and returned to normal within 8 days. A moderate increase in large lymphocytes occurred 2 to 4 days after the increase in pseudo-eosinophils and returned to normal after 7 days. The percentage of neutrophils in inoculated resistant birds was somewhat higher than in non-inoculated resistant ones. Palmer and Biely (1935) found that the range of the red blood cell count of . . .
Drive and habit components of running activity in the rat following food deprivation

This experiment investigated the effects of drive, learning and the interaction of drive and learning on running wheel activity by rats. Employing a design used earlier by Finger & Reid (1956), in which immediate feeding, following 1 h in the activity wheel, served as a reinforcement, it was found that increased running was not related to either the number of previous trials or total running trials. Instead, a positive relationship was observed between running and body-weight deficit, and, since body-weight deficit was the operational index of drive, the drive hypothesis was accepted.
Testing electromagnetic fields for potential carcinogenic activity: a critical review of animal models.

In order to assess the potential of electromagnetic fields (EMF) to influence the process of carcinogenesis, it will be necessary to supplement epidemiological studies with controlled laboratory st...
Reading Liksom's Short Story "We Got Married" in Post-communist Bulgaria

Kornelia Slavova, in her paper "Reading Liksom's Short Story 'We Got Married' in Postcommunist Bulgaria," discusses the intricate interrelations of texts and social practices in postcommunist Bulgaria by analysing Rosa Liksom's short story read by sixty readers. Further, Slavova proposes the study of the uses of stereotypes in fiction and their discursive hardening in extratextual practices at times of radical political and cultural change. With this notion, she focuses on two major stereotypical patterns concerning gender and the supranational opposition East/West. Slavova argues that the latter function as palimpsest structures on which earlier bipolar representations from the communist Cold-War era are still legible under the new postmodern and post-totalitarian ideological scripts -superimposed on them over the last twelve years after the fall of the Berlin Wall. In her conclusion, Slavova proposes that text and textual analysis play a significant role in cultural studies because they reflect, create, and recreate the fantasies and myths of a given culture, generating meaningful tension between the real and the imagined, the particular and the general, the practical and the theoretical. Kornelia Slavova, "Reading Liksom's Short Story 'We Got Married' in Post-communist Bulgaria" page 2 of 14 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 4.4 (2002):
Detecting difficult roads and intersections without map knowledge for robot vehicle navigation

SCARF is a color vision system that can detect roads in difficult situations. The results of this system are used to drive a robot vehicle the Navlab on a variety of roads in many different weather cOnditions. Specifically SCARF has recognized roads that have degraded surfaces and edges with no lane markings in difficult shadow conditions. Also it can recognize intersections with or without predictions from the navigation system. This is the first system to be able to detect intersections in color images without a priori knowledge of the intersection shape and location. SCARF uses Bayesian classification a standard pattern recognition technique to determine a road surface likelihood for each pixel in a reduced color image. It then evaluates a number of road and intersection candidates by matching an ideal road surface probability image with the results from the Bayesian classification. The best matching candidate is passed to a simple path planning system which navigates the robot vehicle on the road or intersection. This paper describes the SCARF system in detail and presents some results on a variety of images and discusses the Navlab test runs using SCARF.
Molecular architecture of the TRAPPII complex and implications for vesicle tethering

Multisubunit tethering complexes participate in the process of vesicle tethering--the initial interaction between transport vesicles and their acceptor compartments. TRAPPII (named for transport protein particle II) is a highly conserved tethering complex that functions in the late Golgi apparatus and consists of all of the subunits of TRAPPI and three additional, specific subunits. We have purified native yeast TRAPPII and characterized its structure and subunit organization by single-particle EM. Our data show that the nine TRAPPII components form a core complex that dimerizes into a three-layered, diamond-shaped structure. The TRAPPI subunits assemble into TRAPPI complexes that form the outer layers. The three TRAPPII-specific subunits cap the ends of TRAPPI and form the middle layer, which is responsible for dimerization. TRAPPII binds the Ypt1 GTPase and probably uses the TRAPPI catalytic core to promote guanine nucleotide exchange. We discuss the implications of the structure of TRAPPII for coat interaction and TRAPPII-associated human pathologies.
Chemical modification of histidine residues of rabbit hemopexin.

Abstract Treatment of rabbit hemopexin with bromoacetic acid (BrAc) or with diethylpyrocarbonate (DEP) modified histidine residues and produced a concomitant decrease in the protein's ability to form a low-spin hemichrome complex with deuteroheme (ferrideuteroporphyrin IX). Deuteroheme bound to hemopexin before treatment decreased the extent of inactivation by either reagent. After exposure of deuteroheme-hemopexin to 0.16 m BrAc at pH 6.9 for 120 h, 10–11 of the 16 histidine residues of hemopexin were carboxymethylated, but 90–95% of the deuteroheme-hemopexin complex remained intact. Under the same conditions, 12 histidine residues of apo-hemopexin were carboxymethylated, and 95% of the protein's ability to form its normal hemichrome complex with heme (ferriprotoporphyrin IX) was abolished. The alkylated apo-protein, however, did retain a potential to interact with deuteroheme. The apparent dissociation constants for the complexes of metal-free deuteroporphyrin and deuteroheme with BrAc-treated apo-hemopexin were both about 10 −6 m and nearly equal to that of the native deuteroporphyrin-hemopexin complex, as assessed by quenching of tryptophan fluorescence. Approximately 10 histidyl residues of the deuteroheme-hemopexin complex, but only about 4 residues of the apo-protein, were modified by DEP before heme-binding was appreciably affected. The effects of DEP on hemopexin were reversed by hydroxylamine at neutral pH, indicating that ethoxyformylation of histidine residues caused the observed inactivation of hemopexin. This and the results of BrAc treatment suggest that hemopexin contains several easily accessible histidine residues which are not critical for its interaction with heme. The conformation-sensitive positive ellipticity at 231 nm of hemopexin was affected by carboxymethylation and ethoxyformylation. Treatment with BrAc had only a small effect on the intrinsic ellipticity of apo-hemopexin, but eliminated the increase in ellipticity produced by interaction of unmodified hemopexin with heme. Treatment with DEP, on the other hand, decreased both intrinsic and extrinsic ellipticity. These results provide further evidence that the heme-hemopexin complex involves histidyl-heme iron coordination. In addition, they show that formation of the histidyl-heme complex not only greatly enhances the strength of the heme-hemopexin interaction but also is important for triggering conformational changes in the protein.
Investigations of Surface Defects on Semiconductor Fluorescence Lifetime

ABSTRACT We investigate the role of surface defects on semiconductor fluorescence lifetime using near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) and time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC). A conventional far-field microscope is used to excite a GaAs sample and subsequent fluorescence is collected with a fiber coupled near-field probe. With the application of custom fitting algorithms, we find fluorescence lifetimes in the vicinity of surface defects to be significantly reduced with respect to fluorescen ce lifetimes measured in defect free regions. 1. BACKGROUND The need for sufficiently long nonradiative lifetimes in semiconductor samples used in laser cooling experiments is vital. Without adequate nonradiative lifetimes laser cooling in semiconductors cannot be realized 1 . Excited carrier recombination is the sum of three processes given by the following equation: AN BN 2 CN 3dtdN   K e  (1) These processes are nonradiative (AN), radiative (BN
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Reactive Compatibilization of Polymer Blends

Molecular dynamics simulations of reactive compatibilization of polymer blends are performed for a wide range of chain lengths and densities of reactive groups ρo. We directly observe the predicted diffusive growth as well as the saturation at later times. The crossover to the saturation regime is consistent with theoretical predictions. There is also a separate transition from second to first-order reaction kinetics. However, the crossover to first-order kinetics does not agree with predictions. Although a depletion layer builds up on a time scale ∝ ρo-2, we find that, for times less than the Rouse time τg, the copolymer per area is a function only of tρo3 for a wide range of ρo implying an additional crossover time scale which scales as ρo-3. The interface is unstable at later times for sufficiently large ρo. The surface tension vanishes before the interface roughens showing that the instability is initiated mainly by the vanishing surface tension. The time required for the surface tension to vanish sca...
Contest time: time, territory, and representation in the postmodern electoral crisis

Prior generations’ electoral crises (e.g., gerrymandering) have dealt mainly with political maneuverings around geographical shifts. We analyze four recent (1998–2003) American electoral crises: the Clinton impeachment controversy, the 2000 Florida presidential election, the Texas legislators’ flight to Oklahoma and New Mexico, and the California gubernatorial recall. We show that in each case temporal manipulation was at least as important as geographical. We highlight emergent electoral practices surrounding the manipulation of time, which we dub “temporal gerrymandering.” We suggest a theory of postmodern electoral crises, in which the rules of time and space are simultaneously in flux. These crises expose concerns with early American democratic theory, which was based on an understanding of “the people” as geographically and temporally unidimensional. Representative systems, therefore, were designed largely without reference to geographic and temporal complexity.
Transmedia Storytelling and Entertainment: An annotated syllabus

This article describes my experiences teaching a course on Transmedia Entertainment and Storytelling at the University of Southern California, a course which sought to bridge across multiple media and methodologies, to integrate the perspectives of industry insiders, and to encourage students to apply what they learn to the challenge of “pitching” a media franchise to a panel of creative practioners. The essay both shares the syllabus as a resource for other teachers and reflects on the challenges of teaching such cutting edge content. [Electronic Arts game designer] Neil Young talks about ‘additive comprehension.’ He cites the example of the director's cut of Blade Runner, where adding a small segment showing Deckard discovering an origami unicorn invited viewers to question whether Deckard might be a replicant: ‘That changes your whole perception of the film, your perception of the ending … The challenge for us, especially with the Lord of the Rings is how do we deliver that one piece of information tha...
Supply Chain Management at the Crossroads: Divergent Views, Potential Impacts, and Suggested Paths Forward

The academic field of supply chain management (SCM) is comprised of scholars holding four different worldviews based on their academic heritages. This situation presents both threats and opportunities for SCM scholarship and practice. In this brief paper, we explain why we see this occurring, and actions that academics might take in order to form a more cohesive and effective SCM discipline.
Activity-composition correlation of AuPt alloy nanoparticle catalysts in electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen

Abstract This paper reports the findings of an investigation of the correlation between the catalytic activity and the bimetallic composition of carbon-supported gold–platinum (AuPt/C) nanoparticles (2–4 nm diameters) for the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction. The electrocatalytic activities were characterized using voltammetric and rotating disk electrode techniques, and were also compared with those obtained with Au/C and Pt/C catalysts under the same measurement conditions. The mass activities of the bimetallic catalysts were shown to be not only dependent on the composition, but also the nature of the electrolyte. The catalysts showed a relatively smooth transition from the low activity of Au to the high activity of Pt in the acidic electrolyte. In contrast, a maximized mass activity in the composition region (60–80% Au) of the bimetallic catalyst is revealed which is higher than those of Pt/C and Au/C in the alkaline electrolyte. This remarkable finding suggests a qualitative concurrence with findings from related theoretical modeling and experimental studies, which are discussed in terms of a synergistic activity by the participation of Au in the adsorption of oxygenated species.
RevErbα preferentially deforms DNA by induced fit.

Using free-energy simulations, we have shown that RevErbα-induced DNA deformation preferentially occurs by induced fit rather than by conformational selection, even though the DNA is only slightly distorted in the complex. Our study shows that information on the sequence of binding events is needed to establish whether conformational selection or induced fit is operative, and that the presence of multiple apo-state structures might not be enough to distinguish between these binding models.
Permanent and transient changes in the reflectance of CO2 laser-irradiated dental hard tissues at λ = 9.3, 9.6, 10.3, and 10.6 μm and at fluences of 1-20 j/cm2

Background and Objective Effective use of lasers for preventive dental treatments requires accurate knowledge of the amount and distribution of laser energy deposited during irradiation. At CO2 wavelengths, the reflection losses are considerable and reduce the laser energy absorbed by the tissue surface. Study Design/Materials and Methods The specular and diffuse reflectance of enamel and dentin were measured at the 10.6-, 10.3-, 9.6-, and 9.3-μm wavelengths of the CO2 laser. Changes in reflectance during and after laser irradiation were investigated. Results The low-fluence reflectance (<1 J/cm2) of calcified dental tissues at CO2 wavelengths varies between 9% and 50%. Permanent and transient changes in the reflectance are induced at higher irradiation intensities. Conclusion These changes resulted in increased energy coupling during irradiation. Lasers Surg Med 20:22–31, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Electrical Resistivity and Hall Effect of Cr-Modified Mn 2 Sb

Electrical resistivity has been measured as a function of temperature for single crystals of ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Cr}}_{x}\mathrm{Sb}$, where $0.01lxl0.2$. These materials exhibit exchange inversion transitions, and their resistivity at a given temperature depends almost entirely on the magnetic ordering and is essentially independent of the chromium concentration for temperatures greater than 100\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. These transitions are first order, and the thermal hysteresis associated with them decreases as the transition temperature increases. External magnetic fields lower the transition temperatures, and the extent of this decrease, ${(\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}H}{\ensuremath{\partial}{T}_{s}})}_{P}$, is a function of the zero-field transition temperature. Hall effect measurements at room temperature indicate that the effective number of current carriers is 1.0 hole per molecule for compounds with either ferrimagnetic or antiferromagnetic ordering.
Cell-associated HIV-1 infection of salivary gland epithelial cell lines.

In this study we investigated the potential of cell-associated primary isolates of HIV-1 to infect epithelial cells of the oral cavity, using two cell lines originating in the salivary gland, HSY and HSG. Neither of these cell lines expresses surface CD4; however, both express the alternative epithelial receptor galactosylceramide and the coreceptor CXCR4. The ability of these cell lines to be infected via cell-associated infection was studied using a lab-adapted strain and primary isolates of HIV-1. Both HIV-1 phenotypes were able to infect these cell lines. The ligand for CXCR4 was able to block infection of both cell lines, whereas the ligands for CCR5 were able to block infection in HSY only, indicating that these receptors were utilized for entry into the epithelial cells. These findings demonstrate that epithelial cells of the oral cavity can be productively infected with HIV-1 by cell-borne virus in the absence of CD4.
Surface conduction on X-cut quartz

Electrical conductance and capacitance have been measured in the Y - and Z -directions on the X -surface of a synthetic and a natural quartz crystal as a function of frequency and temperature. For the Z -direction, it is concluded that the surface conduction is due to the migration of alkali ions in a few top atomic layers which have a modified structure. The value of surface conductance on the natural sample is approximately two orders of magnitude higher than on the Premium Q synthetic crystal. For the Y -direction, an accurate value of surface conductance is difficult to obtain due to strong frequency dispersions, but it is estimated to be at least an order of magnitude smaller than in the Z -direction.
The attentional drift-diffusion model extends to simple purchasing decisions

How do we make simple purchasing decisions (e.g., whether or not to buy a product at a given price)? Previous work has shown that the attentional drift-diffusion model (aDDM) can provide accurate quantitative descriptions of the psychometric data for binary and trinary value-based choices, and of how the choice process is guided by visual attention. Here we extend the aDDM to the case of purchasing decisions, and test it using an eye-tracking experiment. We find that the model also provides a reasonably accurate quantitative description of the relationship between choice, reaction time, and visual fixations using parameters that are very similar to those that best fit the previous data. The only critical difference is that the choice biases induced by the fixations are about half as big in purchasing decisions as in binary choices. This suggests that a similar computational process is used to make binary choices, trinary choices, and simple purchasing decisions.
Commentary: Autism and Anthropology?

Abstract The articles in the Special Issue, “Rethinking Autism, Rethinking Anthropology,” provide a ground for demonstrating substantive contributions to understandings of autism and mark the dilemmas and tensions inherent in anthropological approaches. Comments explore the ways in which authors attend to demarcation of the social world, establishment and negotiation of expertise, juxtaposition of autism as a phenomenon of interest and as an exemplar of sociality, and management of structured and improvisational approaches to the study of engagements in real life. The dilemmas and tensions that are briefly described here are only a partial list of still uncultivated spaces where autism and anthropology can–should–do meet. [sociality, autism, engagement, expertise, ethnography]
Emerging Energy Development Demands on Water

Currently, electric power generation is one of the largest water withdrawal and use sectors in the U.S. Additionally, future energy development such as biofuels production, hydrogen fuel or synthetic fuels production, oil shale development, carbon sequestration, or nuclear power development could significantly increase water use and consumption. On the other hand, water resource development — distribution, treatment, and transmission — is one of the largest energy use sectors. As future demands for energy and water continue to increase, competition for water between the energy, domestic, agricultural, and industrial sectors, could significantly impact the availability of water supplies for energy development, thus impacting reliability and security of future energy production and electric power generation. Therefore, it is critical that water and energy resources planning and development be integrated and coordinated across state and regional boundaries. This paper provides a short overview of the emerging energy-water challenges and issues identified in a recent series of national workshops on energy and water related issues as well as summarizing the research and development needs to address these emerging energy and water challenges.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Seasonality of the submesoscale dynamics in the Gulf Stream region

Frontogenesis and frontal instabilities in the mixed layer are known to be important processes in the formation of submesoscale features. We study the seasonality of such processes in the Gulf Stream (GS) region. To approach this problem, a realistic simulation with the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model is integrated for 18 months at two horizontal resolutions: a high-resolution (1/48°) simulation able to resolve part of the submesoscale regime and the full range of mesoscale dynamics, and a coarser resolution (1/12°) case, in which submesoscales are not resolved. Results provide an insight into submesoscale dynamics in the complex GS region. A clear seasonal cycle is observed, with submesoscale features mostly present during winter. The submesoscale field is quantitatively characterized in terms of deviation from geostrophy and 2D dynamics. The limiting and controlling factor in the occurrence of submesoscales appears to be the depth of the mixed layer, which controls the reservoir of available potential energy available at the mesoscale fronts that are present most of the year. Atmospheric forcings are the main energy source behind submesoscale formation, but mostly indirectly through mixed layer deepening. The mixed layer instability scaling suggested in the (Fox-Kemper et al., J Phys Oceanogr 38:1145–1165, 2008) parametrization appears to hold, indicating that the parametrization is appropriate even in this complex and mesoscale dominated area.
CONTENT ANALYSIS OF AN INTER‐GENERATIONAL UNIT ON AGING IN A SIXTH‐GRADE CLASSROOM

This study attempted to evaluate a seven‐day program that used discussion, dance, and song to bring children and older adults from the community together in the context of a sixth‐grade unit on aging. Subjects were 21 sixth‐grade students who completed a questionnaire at the end of five of seven days of the program, indicating their perceptions of the activities that had occurred. Results suggested that as the program progressed the children began to perceive the older participants in active rather than passive terms, and that the nature of the program became more interactive.
Dances with Horses: Lessons from the Environmental Fringe

When environmental activists disregard or show contempt for facts and the rules of evidence, their intrusion into environmental issues may be perversely counterproductive. Using field and telephone interview data and unpublished and published documents, including court briefs, I show that certain activists misrepresented the Nevada Bureau of Land Management in its custodial role for the nation’s wild horses. The core of the misrepresentation was an independent census of Nevada’s wild horses conducted by the Public Lands Resource Council, an ad hoc association. These census data differ dramatically from those produced by the Bureau of Land Management. The latter data were confirmed, in part, by Bureau of Land Management roundups in northcentral Nevada. The Animal Rights Law Clinic at the Rutger’s School of Law joined forces with the Public Lands Resource Council and used the council’s questionable census results in an attack on the Bureau of Land Management’s horse program. A careful probing of environmentalist agendas and data is at least as important as careful scientific design, execution, and display of results. Saving species and ecosystems is, then, as much an exercise in human psychology and the politics and sociology of advocacy groups as it is in conservation biology. Cuando los ambientalistas desdenan o muestran arrogancia hacia los hechos y reglas de evidencia, su intrusion en topicos ambientales puede ser perversamente contraproductiva. Usando entrevistas de campo y telefonicas, asi como documentos publicados y no publicados; mismos que incluyen condensados de los juzgados, demuestro que ciertos activistas representan erroneamente al Nevada Bureau of Land Management en su papel de custodio de los caballos silvestres de la nacion. La esencia de la inadecuada representacion fue un censo independiente de caballos silvestres en Nevada conducido por una comision ad hoc: el Public Lands Resource Council. Los datos de este censo difieren dramaticamente de aquellos conducidos por el Bureau of Land Management. Estos ultimos datos fueron confirmados en parte por los conteos del Bureau of Land Management realizados en la region Centro-Norte. La clinica legal de derechos de los animales de la escuela de leyes de Rutger, unio fuerzas con el Public Lands Resource Council y utilizo el cuestionable censo del ministerio en un ataque al programa de manejo de caballos silvestres del Bureau of Land Management. Una cuidadosa busqueda de agendas ambientalistas y datos es tan importante como un cuidadoso diseno cientifico, su ejecucion y la presentacion de los resultados. Salvar especies y ecosistemas es entonces, un ejercicio tanto en psicologia humana, las politicas y sociologia de grupos defensores como lo es en la conservacion biologica.
Automated image analysis methods for 3‐D quantification of the neurovascular unit from multichannel confocal microscope images

Background There is a need for integrative and quantitative methods to investigate the structural and functional relations among elements of complex systems, such as the neurovascular unit (NVU), that involve multiple cell types, microvasculatures, and various genomic/proteomic/ionic functional entities. Methods Vascular casting and selective labeling enabled simultaneous three-dimensional imaging of the microvasculature, cell nuclei, and cytoplasmic stains. Multidimensional segmentation was achieved by (i) bleed-through removal and attenuation correction; (ii) independent segmentation and morphometry for each corrected channel; and (iii) spatially associative feature computation across channels. The combined measurements enabled cell classification based on nuclear morphometry, cytoplasmic signals, and distance from vascular elements. Specific spatial relations among the NVU elements could be quantified. Results A software system combining nuclear and vessel segmentation codes and associative features was constructed and validated. Biological variability contributed to misidentified nuclei (9.3%), undersegmentation of nuclei (3.7%), hypersegmentation of nuclei (14%), and missed nuclei (4.7%). Microvessel segmentation errors occurred rarely, mainly due to nonuniform lumen staining. Conclusions Associative features across fluorescence channels, in combination with standard features, enable integrative structural and functional analysis of the NVU. By labeling additional structural and functional entities, this method can be scaled up to larger-scale systems biology studies that integrate spatial and molecular information. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.