cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ANG II receptor blockade and arterial baroreflex regulation of renal nerve activity in cardiac failure

In cardiac failure, efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity (ERSNA) and the activity of the renin-angiotensin system are increased, and arterial baroreflex regulation of ERSNA is attenuated. We examined the effect of intravenous and intracerebroventricular angiotensin II AT receptor blockade with losartan on the arterial baroreflex regulation of ERSNA in conscious control (C) and congestive heart failure (CHF) rats. Intravenous losartan (10 mg/kg, 21.7 mumol/kg) decreased arterial pressure more in CHF than in C rats (-28 +/- 3 vs. -20 +/- 3 mmHg, P < 0.05). After restoration of arterial pressure to the prelosartan value with methoxamine infusion, ERSNA was decreased more in CHF than in C rats (-23 +/- 4 vs. -1 +/- 2%, P < 0.05). Maximal gain of arterial baroreflex control of ERSNA (Gmax) was lower in CHF compared with C rats (-1.94 +/- 0.10 vs. -3.78 +/- 0.21%/mmHg, P < 0.05). Intravenous losartan increased Gmax in CHF (to -3.01 +/- 0.14%/mmHg, P < 0.05) but not in C rats (to -3.56 +/- 0.19%/mmHg). Intracerebroventricular losartan (4.61 micrograms, 10 nmol) did not affect arterial pressure but decreased ERSNA more in CHF than in C rats (-13 +/- 2 vs. -8 +/- 3%, P < 0.05). Like intravenous losartan, intracerebroventricular losartan increased Gmax in CHF (from -2.11 +/- 0.18 to -3.21 +/- 0.30%/mmHg, P < 0.05) but not in C rats (from -3.98 +/- 0.25 to -3.84 +/- 0.22%/mmHg). These results suggest that increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system contributes to the increase in ERSNA and its abnormal arterial baroreflex regulation in cardiac failure.
Coupled Sequential Process-Performance Simulation and Multi-Attribute Optimization of Thin-Walled Tubes

Coupling of material, process, and performance models is an important step towards a fully integrated material-process-performance design. In this study, sheet-forming simulation is coupled with crush simulation to investigate the effect of manufacturing process and product design parameters on energy absorption characteristics of thin-walled tubes. The coupled process-performance simulation is integrated with a multi-objective design optimization approach for finding the optimum process and performance responses. Geometric attributes including the cross-sectional dimensions as well as manufacturing process parameters such as holder force, punch velocity, and friction coefficient are considered as design variables. Rupture and thinning are measured based on the result of deep drawing simulation in ABAQUS/EXPLICIT and the springback distortion is extracted from ABAQUS/STANDARD solver by including the residual stresses and dynamic and contact responses from deep drawing simulation. Energy absorption is measured by the mean and maximum crush force values from ABAQUS/EXPLICIT simulation that includes all the history variables from deep drawing and springback analyses. Surrogate models using radial basis functions are developed and used in multi-attribute process-performance optimization. Pareto optimal solutions are found and the sensitivity of process and performance responses to the selected design variables is evaluated. The results of coupled simulation and optimization are presented and discussed.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Examination of the contact lens with light microscopy: an aid in diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis.

The demonstration of amebic cysts on the surface of a patient's hydrophilic contact lens by direct examination with light microscopy can provide rapid confirmation of the diagnosis of acanthamoeba keratitis. This technique is a simple, quick, and noninvasive adjunct to the examination of the corneal scraping. Lenses can be examined unstained or after application of calcofluor white stain. A 48-year-old woman presented with a 3-week history of decreased vision bilaterally and severe ocular pain. Previous treatment with topical antibiotics, corticosteroids, and cycloplegic agents was ineffective. A wearer of Saturn contact lenses, she stored, rinsed, and cleaned her lenses with a commercial unpreserved sterile saline. However, when she developed the symptoms, she had not disinfected her lenses for >1 year. Her visual acuity was 20/300 in the right eye and 20/400 in the left eye. She had bilateral stromal infiltrates of the corneal ring with overlying central epithelial defects, bilateral lid edema, marked ciliary injection, and moderate reaction in the anterior chamber with no hypopyon formation. A clinical diagnosis of acanthamoeba keratitis was made. Deep corneal scrapings of both corneas were obtained with a sterile surgical blade for cytopathologic examination and culture. The scrapings were placed on glass microscope slides, fixed in 95 % ethanol, and stained with gram stain, Masson stain, and calcofluor. Examination with a light microscope failed to reveal amebas. Confirmation of the clinical diagnosis of acanthamoeba keratitis was attempted by excising a fragment of the contact lens with sterile scissors and mounting it on a glass micro-
Seismic interpretation of tectono-sedimentary framework of a continental rift basin: A case study of Ed3 Member, Dongying Formation, Paleogenge, in QHD29-2 block, Bohai Bay, China

Summary The structural pattern and tectono-sedimentary framework jointly contributed to the type of depositional systems and dispersal patterns, and further determined the type of reservoir sand bodies. In this study, the structural pattern and techtono-sedimentary framework for Ed3Member, Dongying Formation, QHD29-2 Block in Bohai Bay are proposed using sparse well data and 3-D seismic interpretation. The structural system of the study area is marked by sets of faults controlling the boundary of the Shijiutuo Uplift in the southern part of the study area. Fanshaped and lobate proximal fan deltas were rapidly deposited in the steep slope belt controlled by strong tectonic activities. Banded braided river deltas were deposited in the gentle slope belt with weakened tectonic activities after long-distance transportation. These sediment dispersal patterns serve as significant reference for the evaluation of hydrocarbon reservoirs in the study area.
Fault Diagnosis and Treatment of Unstable Vibration of 1 000 MW Ultra-supercritical Steam Turbine Generator Unit

Excessive vibration of low pressure rotor support bearing block is the common problem of Siemens 1 000 MW ultra-supercritical steam turbine generator units.Illustrated with a case of Unit 7 in Beilun Power Plant,this paper introduces the vibration characteristics that the unstable vibration of No.4 bearing and shaft is the reason for being unable to operate.Based on the experimental research and analysis,it proposes the solution which combines shaft system dynamic balance treatment with bearing block maintenance and solves the problem thoroughly.The treatment practice indicates that the fault diagnosis method and the treatment measures are effective.
Operation status of China Infectious Diseases Automated-alert and Response System in Xinyang City

[Objective]To learn the operation status of China Infectious Diseases Automated-alert and Response System(CIDARS),provide the evidence for further improving the work quality.[Methods]The monitoring data in CIDARS from July 1,2008 to June 30,2012 were collected,and analyzed by the descriptive epidemiological method.[Results]A total of 5 072 signals were generated in the system,including 598 signals of single case,and 4 474 signals by moving percentile method.90.95% of the signals had been responded within 24 hours.The median time to response was 1.4 h(P25-P75:0.45-5.22).Among them,3 281(64.69%) signals were preliminarily verified through the analysis of surveillance data.The proportion of signals related to suspected outbreaks to all triggered signals was 4.67%,26.16% of the suspected outbreaks had been completely processed,and the positive rate of signals was 0.14%.[Conclusion]The signals of CIDARS have been responded rapidly,and the system can be used to detect potential outbreaks of the infections diseases at the early stage.To improve the efficiency and accuracy of CIDARS,it is necessary to pay more efforts to the following areas as how to decrease the false positive signals,enhance the quality of infectious diseases monitoring data and standardize the response procedure of early warning signals.
The effects of calcium entry blockade on normal and ischemic ventricular diastolic function.

There is increasing evidence that the clinically available calcium entry blockers (i.e., diltiazem, nifedipine, and verapamil) improve noninvasively determined indexes of diastolic filling in patients with chronic coronary artery disease, hypertensive heart disease, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. These favorable alterations in diastolic function are often associated with clinical improvement. Current information suggests that salutary indirect actions of these agents on ventricular loading, sympathetic reflexes, and myocardial supply-demand relations, rather than direct effects on transsarcolemmal myocyte calcium influx, underlie these beneficial effects.
The Muscle and Nonmuscle Isozymes of Adenylosuccinate Synthetase are Encoded by Separate Genes with Differential Patterns of Expression

Adenylosuccinate synthetase (AdSS) catalyzes the first of two steps leading to the synthesis of AMP from IMP. Two isoforms of AdSS have been observed in all mammalian species examined (Stayton et al., 1983). One isoform, termed the nonmuscle isozyme, is widely distributed among mammalian tissues and functions at the branchpoint of purine nucleotide metabolism in de novo synthesis of AMP (Figure 1). The other isoform, termed the muscle isozyme, is highly abundant in striated muscle tissues and is part of the purine nucleotide cycle (Figure 2; Stayton et al., 1983, Van Waarde, 1988; Lowenstein, 1990; Van den Berghe et al., 1992). This cycle, which involves AdSS as well as AMP deaminase and adenylosuccinate lyase, is active in cardiac and skeletal muscle where it is believed to play a role in muscle energy metabolism (Van Waarde, 1988; Lowenstein, 1990). Lower levels of the muscle isozyme of AdSS are found in kidney, brain, and testes, but the role of this isozyme in these tissues is unclear at this time.
An algorithmic ADC with greater than rail-to-rail input range and near-Vt supply

A comparator-based circuit that uses switched-capacitor charging replaces the op amp in the multiplying digital-to-analog converter (MDAC) of a low-voltage algorithmic ADC. MDAC output swing beyond Vdd allows greater than rail-to-rail ADC input range. At a supply voltage of 0.55 V, the ADC achieves 8.4 bit ENOB and 1.4 Vpp differential input range. It occupies 0.65 mm2 in 0.25-μm CMOS and dissipates 0.79 μW at a 5 kHz conversion rate, which is low due to the near-Vt supply voltage.
Expression of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter in cardiac myocytes improves impaired mitochondrial calcium handling and metabolism in simulated hyperglycemia

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is associated with metabolic changes, including decreased glucose oxidation (Gox) and increased fatty acid oxidation (FAox), which result in cardiac energetic deficiency. Di...
Hardware acceleration for sparse fourier image reconstruction

Several supercomputer vendors now offer reconfigurable computing (RC) systems, combining general-purpose processors with fie Id-program m able gate arrays (FPGAs). The FPGAs can be configured as custom computing architectures for the computationally intensive parts of each application. In this paper we present an RC-based hardware accelerator for an important medical imaging algorithm: iterative sparse Fourier image reconstruction. We transform the algorithm to exploit massive parallelism available in the FPGA fabric. Our design allows different ways of chaining custom pipelined vector engines, so that different computations can be carried out without reconfiguration overhead. Actual runtime performance data show that we achieve up to 10 times speedup compared to the software-only version. The design is estimated to provide even more speedup on a next-generation RC platform.
Analysis of Soccer Robot Behaviors Using Time Petri Nets

Using Petri nets (PNs) to model complex systems allows for analysis and increased comprehension of the system itself. PNs can be used to show the logic behind a system or to create a visual representation of the steps a system will take. Although this alone can be useful, there are some areas in which normal PNs fail, in these cases introducing time into the nets can open the modeling possibilities. Time can be used to literally represent the duration of an event or can be used to implement probability into a system. In this paper, Time Petri nets (TPNs) are used to model soccer playing robots whose movements are based on the proposed algorithm, which serves to guide the robots to the safest path to the goal. After modeling and testing, it was shown that the proposed algorithm, Optimal Path for Ball Movement, outperformed both random prioritization and the Rapidly-exploring Random Tree algorithm by about 43% and 37%, respectively.
Management of Low Back Pain: Getting From Evidence-Based Recommendations to High-Value Care

The editorialist discusses the systematic reviews of noninvasive pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies for low back pain and the accompanying guideline from the ACP. He discusses how increas...
Supporting Counselors After a Client Suicide: Creative Supervision Techniques

ABSTRACTMany professional counselors will experience the loss of a client to suicide. The effects of this loss are explored in this article. The supervisor’s role in supporting a supervisee after a client’s suicide is presented. Additionally, creative interventions that can be used by supervisors to support supervisees after the loss of a client are provided. These creative techniques are theoretically grounded within the cognitive behavioral, solution-focused, and narrative paradigms.
Diffusion barrier coatings for CMC thermocouples

Abstract A platinum:silicon carbide thermocouple has been developed to measure the surface temperature of ceramic matrix composites (CMC) with high resolution. Platinum was deposited by rf sputtering onto a SiC-SiC CMC substrates coated with a dielectric, such that the SiC-SiC CMC was one thermoelement and the platinum film was another thermoelement comprising the Pt:SiC(CMC) thermocouple. The purpose of the dielectric was to electrically isolate the platinum leads from the SiC-SiC CMC. The thermoelectric output, hysteresis and drift of the Pt:SiC(CMC) thermocouples were measured at temperatures ranging from 600 °C to 1000 °C. The thermoelectric powers generated by the Pt:SiC thermocouples were an order in magnitude greater than conventional Pt:Pd or Type K thermocouples. Thermoelectric powers as large as 250 μV/K were reported for these thermocouples, as compared to thermoelectric powers of 10 μV/K reported for Pt:Pd and Type K thermocouples. The results presented within show that the Pt:SiC(CMC) thermocouples exhibit excellent stability at high temperatures, relatively low drift rates, and little hysteresis during thermal cycling. However, the Pt:SiC junctions were prone to oxidation effects as well as the formation of platinum silicides at high temperature, which can compromise the junction and lead to excessive drift. Therefore, a number of diffusion barrier coatings were applied to the Pt:SiC junctions in an attempt to improve stability and lower drift in this promising new class of thermocouples.
Immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer

Breast cancer can be classified based on the expression or lack of expression of protein receptors including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth receptor 2 (Her2). The basal molecular subtype is mostly made up of breast cancers that do not express ER/PR or Her2, triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) (Bertucci et al. in Int J Cancer 123(1):236, 2008). TNBC tends to be more aggressive as there are no approved targeted treatments and the only treatment option currently is cytotoxic chemotherapy. Recent data show that some chemotherapies, specifically anthracyclines, not only have cytotoxic effects but also use the immune system by activating CD8+ T cell responses to kill cancer cells (Stagg et al. in Ther Adv Med Oncol 5(3):169–181, 2013), and thus, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes respond well to chemotherapy. Currently, systemic immunotherapy which utilizes the patient’s own immune system directly to eradicate and target neoplastic cells is being explored as treatment for TNBC as this type of breast cancer has been shown to be immunogenic (Yu et al. in Int J Environ Res Public Health 14:68, 2017). According to the Cancer Genome Atlas, TNBC has higher PD-L1 mRNA expression (Mittendorf et al. Cancer Immunol Res 2(4):361–370, 2014). Higher rates of CD8+ T cell infiltration were also found in TNBC according to a study by Liu et al. (Breast Cancer Res 14:R48, 2012). In TNBC patients, Pembrolizumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and Atezolizumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets its ligand, have been investigated to assess dose tolerability and side effects. Further studies involving vaccines, immunotherapy that targets cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4 and PD-L1, are currently being investigated for treatment of TNBC. This review outlines the systemic immunotherapies that are currently being investigated for patients with TNBC.
Spindt cathode tip processing to enhance emission stability and high‐current performance

Abstract The extracted field emission current can be used to controllably heat microfabricated cold field emission cathode tips. The heating can be sufficient to smooth and recrystallize the tip surface by surface self‐diffusion, and at least partially clean the surface of contaminants by thermal desorption. Self‐heating not only allows for the achievement and maintenance of stable emission characteristics, but can be used to make the current‐voltage characteristics of microfabricated field emitter tips nearly identical to one another. The resulting improvement in emission uniformity will allow for more reliable array operation at increased electron emission current densities.
SDN-based Local breakout for mobile edge computing in radio access network

The local breakout (LBO) is one of the crucial functionalities in the Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) infrastructure. It enables the traffic offloading in the radio access network to reduce end-to-end latency and save core network load. One of the essentials regarding LBO in MEC is to allow the traffic steering in diverse granularity without impacting the ongoing traffic. We present the LBO solution based on the Software-defined networking (SDN) approach to meet the requirement. The proposed solution is evaluated in the testbed built via extending the Open vSwitch (OVS). The experimental results measured in the emulation of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) network disclose that our solution outperforms the existing MEC platform known as Network Edge Virtualization Software Development Kit (NEV SDK) by 10% — 20% in the average packet processing latency. The additional features including the QoS provisioning and the charging are supported in our solution as well.
Primary cysts of the iris pigment epithelium: Clinical features and natural course in 234 patients

Abstract Objective To describe the clinical characteristics, natural course, and complications of a large group of patients with primary iris pigment epithelium (IPE) cysts. Design Observational case series. Participants Two hundred thirty-four patients with primary IPE cysts participated. Results Primary IPE cysts were classified as central in 6 patients (3%), midzonal in 50 patients (21%), peripheral in 170 patients (73%), and dislodged in 8 patients (3%). Central (pupillary) IPE cysts were found only in males, peripheral IPE cysts were found most often in females (69%), and no gender predilection was detected for midzonal and dislodged IPE cysts. Central and peripheral IPE cysts occurred in young patients (mean age, 20 and 33 years, respectively), whereas midzonal and dislodged IPE cysts were seen in slightly older patients (mean age, 52 and 45 years, respectively). Central IPE cysts were visible when the pupil was not dilated and appeared most often as a round or collapsed brown lesion arising from the pupillary margin, most commonly superonasally. Midzonal IPE cysts were brown and fusiform, best visualized after pupillary dilation. Peripheral IPE cysts produced a characteristic bulging in the iris stroma near the iris root, but they were directly visible in only 78% of cases. After wide dilation and patient and slit-lamp positioning, they appeared as a round clear lesion behind the iris, most often in the inferotemporal quadrant. Finally, dislodged IPE cysts appeared as a brown oval lesion, free floating in the anterior chamber (12%) or in the vitreous (12%), or fixed in the anterior chamber angle (75%). One hundred twenty-four patients (53%) were followed for a mean of 35 months (range, 3 months-19 years). In these patients, complications associated with IPE cysts included lens subluxation in one case (1%), iritis in one case (1%), focal cataract in two cases (2%), glaucoma in two cases (2%), and corneal touch in five cases (4%). Conclusion Primary IPE cysts have characteristic clinical features that serve to differentiate them from intraocular malignancies. Most cysts have a benign clinical course, and treatment is rarely necessary.
Social Shifts and New Regimes: Che Resilience AD 1700–Present

This chapter continues the narrative thread of the previous chapter, emphasizing what I consider to be a breakdown in the political and social structures of Che/Mapuche culture in the late eighteenth century. This led, I argue, to a breakdown in resilience by the mid-nineteenth century which permitted the Chilean Army to defeat the Mapuche and place them on reservations, thereby changing the political and economic structures of Che/Mapuche culture from that presented in the previous chapters into a new regime (within the context of Resilience Theory) by 1883. I then present a general treatment of the effects of the Chilean state on Mapuche society to the present day, primarily to illustrate aspects of the cyclical nature of Resilience Theory and how the historical notions of anti-colonialism are still prevalent despite the dramatic changes to traditional lifeways and cultural structures.
Local Immunosuppression: The Eye

Certain organs and tissues of the body inherently possess the capacity to regulate local immune responses. The term Regional Immunity [1] embraces the concept that each tissue and organ benefits from immune protection, but since immune responses often carry the risk of damaging normal tissues, the type of immune response that is permitted locally is highly regulated. Perhaps the most extreme example of regional immunity is immune privilege. Especially for the eye, immune privilege—as it is studied experimentallyhas served to illuminate regulation of immunity within the organ of sight. In many ways this is the most closely studied example of tissue-specific local immunosuppression as a normal physiologic mechanism.
CCA1 and ATAF2 differentially suppress cytochrome P450-mediated brassinosteroid inactivation in Arabidopsis

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of steroid hormones regulating plant growth and development. Since BRs do not undergo transport among plant tissues, their metabolism is tightly regulated by transcription factors (TFs) and feedback loops. BAS1 (CYP734A1, formerly CYP72B1) and SOB7 (CYP72C1) are two BR-inactivating cytochrome P450s identified in Arabidopsis thaliana . We previously found that a TF ATAF2 (ANAC081) suppresses BAS1 and SOB7 expression by binding to the Evening Element (EE) and CCA1-binding sites (CBS) on their promoters. Both EE and CBS are known binding targets of the core circadian clock regulatory protein CCA1. Here, we confirm that CCA1 binds the EE and CBS motifs on BAS1 and SOB7 promoters, respectively. Elevated accumulations of BAS1 and SOB7 transcripts in the CCA1 null mutant cca1-1 indicate that CCA1 is a repressor of their expression. When compared to either cca1-1 or the ATAF2 null mutant ataf2-2 , the cca1-1 ataf2-2 double mutant shows higher SOB7 transcript accumulations and stronger BR-insensitive phenotype of hypocotyl elongation in white light. CCA1 interacts with ATAF2 at both DNA-protein and protein-protein levels. ATAF2 , BAS1 and SOB7 are all circadian-regulated with distinct expression patterns. These results demonstrate that CCA1 and ATAF2 differentially suppress BAS1 - and SOB7 -mediated BR inactivation.
Spatiotemporal mode-locking: new route to high-power fiber lasers (Conference Presentation)

Mode-locking of lasers has led to breakthroughs in numerous scientific fields and applications.Today, all mode-locked lasers are based on resonators that support a single transverse spatial mode. In the early days of laser development, locking of a few transverse and longitudinal modes of a laser was considered. In the intervening 50 years, almost no attention has been paid to locking of multiple transverse modes. In the past year, theoretical and experimental observations of locking of multiple transverse and longitudinal modes of a fiber laser have been reported. Strong spatial and spectral filtering in the laser underlie the formation of multimode ultrashort wave packets in the laser. Understanding of spatiotemporal mode-locking requires generalizing concepts from conventional 1-D mode-locking into higher dimensions: spatiotemporal dispersions (chromatic and modal dispersion) and saturable absorption, nonlinear coupling between spatiotemporal (3+1-D) modes, and spatiospectral filtering. Interactions between modes through linear and nonlinear coupling lead to shifts of the resonances, to yield states with long-range order. In the time domain, these mode-locked states correspond to coherent, spatiotemporal pulse trains. Several qualitatively-new types of mode-locking have been identified. Investigations of new 3D lasing states should be a fertile scientific direction. In addition, the peak power of spatiotemporally-mode-locked lasers scales by more than the mode area, which should lead to unprecedented performance from fiber lasers.
Intrafloral Partitioning of Nesting Sites by Eris militaris and Synageles canadensis (Araneae: Salticidae)

In a maritime slope bog of Maine, females of Eris militaris (Hentz, 1845) and Synageles canadensisCutler, 1988 nest in distinctly different floral parts of Northern pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea L.) (Sarraceniaecae) seed heads. Females of E. militaris spin egg retreats on the umbrella; females of S. canadensis spin egg retreats chiefly within locules of the ovary. In these intrafloral microhabitats, juvenile salticids are more prevalent than adults; females more prevalent than males; overall, multiple occupants are more prevalent than single occupants. Other than body size, the behavioral-structural attributes leading to this microhabitat preference for egg laying are unknown.
Twenty-year survival of gastric cancer with peritoneal metastases using long-term normothermic intraperitoneal 5-fluorouracil and systemic mitomycin C: A case report.

Abstract Background Primary gastric cancer that presents with peritoneal metastases has few options for successful treatment. Methods A simplified treatment plan started with total gastrectomy and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. After placement of an intraperitoneal port combined intraperitoneal and systemic chemotherapy was given for six months. Results The treatments were tolerated well and associated with an acceptable quality of life and no adverse events. The patient is a 20-year survivor of her disease. Conclusions Gastric cancer with peritoneal metastases was successfully treated with a combination of gastrectomy plus intraperitoneal and systemic chemotherapy. Further studies using this simplified approach may be indicated.
A Concise History of Mathematics for Philosophers

This Element aims to present an outline of mathematics and its history, with particular emphasis on events that shook up its philosophy. It ranges from the discovery of irrational numbers in ancient Greece to the nineteenth- and twentieth-century discoveries on the nature of infinity and proof. Recurring themes are intuition and logic, meaning and existence, and the discrete and the continuous. These themes have evolved under the influence of new mathematical discoveries and the story of their evolution is, to a large extent, the story of philosophy of mathematics.
El léxico referido a joven y juventud en la lengua española

El presente articulo propone un metodo de analisis interdisciplinario aplicado a los apodos sociopoliticos de la lengua espanola, referidos a joven y juventud, a traves de un estudio historico y semantico, para establecer caracteristicas del imaginario social respecto del sujeto joven.
Rates of substance use disorder treatment seeking visits after emergency department-initiated buprenorphine.

Abstract Background Emergency department-initiated buprenorphine (EDIB) programs have been shown to improve treatment outcomes for patients with opioid use disorders (OUD); however, little is known about how EDIB implementation impacts the patient census at participating hospitals. Objectives To determine if implementation of an EDIB program was associated with changes in the number of patients presenting to the ED seeking treatment for substance use disorder (SUD). Methods We conducted a retrospective evaluation at a single academic ED that began offering EDIB in December 2017. Data span the period of December 2016 to April 2019, All ED visits with a chief complaint of addiction problem, detoxification, drug/alcohol assessment, drug problem, or withdrawal charted by nursing at the time of triage were eligible for inclusion. Charts were reviewed to determine: (1) treatment status and (2) substance(s) for which the patient was seeking treatment. An interrupted time series analysis was used to compare the pre- and post-EDIB rates for all-substance, as well as opioid-specific, treatment-seeking visits. Results For all-substance visits, the predicted level change in the treatment-seeking rate after EDIB was implemented was positive but not significant (0.000497, p = 0.53); the trend change after EDIB was also not significant (−0.00004, p = 0.73). For visits involving opioids, the predicted level change was (0.000638, p = 0.21); and the trend change was (0.000047, p = 0.49). Conclusion Implementation of an EDIB program was not associated with increased rates of presentation by patients requesting treatment for a substance use disorder in the participating ED setting.
A Direct Comparison of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Protein Levels in Mice Provides Unexpected Insights into Thyroid Hormone Action

Background: Thyroid hormone (TH) action is mediated by three major thyroid hormone receptor (THR) isoforms α1, β1, and β2 (THRA1, THRB1, and THRB2). These THRs and a fourth major but non-TH binding isoform, THRA2, are encoded by two genes Thra and Thrb. Reliable antibodies against all THR isoforms are not available, and THR isoform protein levels in mammalian tissues are often inferred from messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. Methods: We generated knock-in mouse models expressing endogenously and identically 2X hemagglutenin epitope (HA)-tagged THRs (THRA1/2, THRB1, and THRB2), which could then be detected by commercially available anti-HA antibodies. Using nuclear enrichment, immunoprecipitation, and Western blotting, we determined relative THR protein expression in 16 mouse organs. Results: In all peripheral organs tested except the liver, the predominant THR isoform was THRA1. Surprisingly, in metabolically active organs such as fat and muscle, THRB1 protein levels were up to 10 times lower than that of THRA1, while their mRNA levels appeared similar. In contrast to peripheral organs, the central nervous system (CNS) had a unique pattern with relatively low levels of both THRB1 and THRA1, and high levels of THRA2 expression. As expected, THRB2 was highly expressed in the pituitary, but a previously unknown sex-specific difference in THRB2 expression was found (female mice having higher pituitary expression than male mice). Higher THRB2 expression appears to make the central axis more sensitive to TH as both serum thyrotropin and Tshb mRNA levels were lower in female mice. Conclusions: Direct comparison of THR protein abundance in different organs using endogenously tagged HA-THR mouse lines shows that expression of THR isoforms is regulated at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, and in organ-specific manner. The prevalence of THRA1 and low abundance of THRB1 in majority of peripheral tissues suggest that peripheral actions of these isoforms should be revisited. A unique pattern of high THRA2 in CNS warrants further exploration of this non-TH binding isoform in brain development. Finally, THRB2, in addition to cell-specific control, is also regulated in a sex-specific manner, which may change the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis set point and perhaps metabolism in males and females.
The Effect of Employment Status Change on Self-Attitudes.

A theoretical model of the effect of status change on selfattitudes is developed. The model predicts that the effect is conditional upon (1) the amount of concomitant change in social role performance, (2) the relative importance of the status change to the individual, and (3) the individual's attribution of cause for the status change. Using data from a national panel survey, a longitudinal analysis of the effect ofjob loss on satisfaction with self produces results consistent with the modeVs predictions. Becoming unemployed does lead to greater dissatisfaction with self. This dissatisfaction is accentuated by (1) concomitant change in familial role performance (indicated by level ofhousework activity and relative contribution to family income), (2) the unavailability of alternative roles and prior achievements, and (3) the lack of an external locus of cause to which to attribute job loss (level oflocal area unemployment). Furthermore, with reemployment, the decrement in satisfaction with self initially experienced with unemployment is removed, after taking into account residual effects ofunemployment on familial role performance. An analysis ofthe effect of employment status change on attitudes toward self requires an understanding of the process by which an individual translates a change in his objective environment into a subjective judgment of self-worth. At the center of this process is a change in self-concept, the attitudinal object. Whether this change in self-concept from "employed worker" to "unemployed" produces a negative self-attitude depends on several cognitive factors. First, the effect is conditional upon the relative importance of employ? ment status in the individual's selfconcept. Although there is undoubtedly idiosyncratic variation in the importance of employment status among individuals, we may expect systematic differences in the importance of this particular component of the self-concept. Such systematic differences between subgroups of the population result from (1) differences in
Differential alterations of insular cortex excitability after adolescent or adult chronic intermittent ethanol administration in male rats.

Adolescent alcohol-drinking, primarily in the form of binge-drinking episodes, is a serious public health concern. Binge drinking in laboratory animals has been modeled by a procedure involving chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) administration, as compared with chronic intermittent water (CIW). The prolonged effects of adolescent binge alcohol exposure in adults, such as high-risk of developing alcohol use disorder, are severe but available treatments in the clinic are limited. One reason is the lack of sufficient understanding about the associated neuronal alterations. The involvement of the insular cortex (IC), particularly the anterior agranular insula (AAI), has emerged as a critical region to explain neuronal mechanisms of substance abuse. This study was designed to evaluate the functional output of the AAI by measuring the intrinsic excitability of pyramidal neurons from male rats 2 or 21 days after adolescent or adult CIE treatment. Decreases of intrinsic excitability in AAI pyramidal neurons were detected 21 days, relative to 2 days, after adolescent CIE. Interestingly, the decreased intrinsic excitability in the AAI pyramidal neurons was observed 2 days after adult CIE, compared to adult CIW, but no difference was found between 2 vs. 21 days after adult CIE. These data indicate that, although the AAI is influenced within a limited period after adult but not adolescent CIE, neuronal alterations of AAI are affected during the prolonged period of withdrawal from adolescent but not adult CIE. This may explain the prolonged vulnerability to mental disorders of subjects with an alcohol binge history during their adolescent stage.
From Level Four to Five: Getting rid of the Safety Driver with Diagnostics in Autonomous Driving

During the past years autonomous driving evolved from only being a major topic in scientific research, all the way to practical and commercial applications like on-demand public transportation. Together with this evolution new use cases arose, making reliability and robustness of the complete system more important than ever. Many different stakeholders during development and operation as well as independent certification and admission authorities pose additional challenges. By providing and capturing additional information about the running system, independent of the main driving task (e.g. by components self tests or performance observations) the overall robustness, reliability and safety of the vehicle is increased. This article captures the issues of autonomous driving in modern-day real-life use cases and defines what a diagnostic system needs to look like to tackel these challenges. Furthermore the authors provide a concept for diagnostics in the heterogenous software landscape of component based autonomous driving architectures regarding their special complexities and difficulties.
Childhood abuse histories predict steeper inflammatory trajectories across time.

Abstract Background The Center for Disease Control (CDC) recently named childhood abuse histories as a public health risk. Clear links between abuse histories and inflammation exist. However, it remains unknown how abuse histories impact inflammatory trajectories throughout adulthood. Accordingly, this study assessed inflammatory trajectories across three visits among healthy adults with and without abuse histories. Method In this secondary analysis of data from a longitudinal observational study of cancer survivors and noncancer controls, 157 noncancer controls (Mage = 55.8, range = 32–83) completed the Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (CTQ), providing data on physical, emotional, and sexual abuse prior to age 18. Cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were collected at the baseline visit and two follow-up visits approximately one (M months = 11.52, SD = 4.10) and two years (M months = 23.79, SD = 4.40) later. To represent inflammatory changes, cytokine data at each visit were combined into a composite z-score. Covariates in all analyses included age, biological sex, race, income, body mass index, menopause status, psychological diagnosis history, and medical comorbidities. Results Compared to their nonabused peers, those who had experienced any type of abuse in childhood demonstrated steeper rises in inflammation across time. Inflammation rose more steeply for individuals with physical and emotional abuse histories compared to those without such histories. Conclusion Overall, these data suggest that childhood abuse histories may quicken age-related increases in inflammation, contributing to accelerated aging, morbidity, and early mortality. These findings provide mechanistic insight into why child abuse is a public health risk.
Leveraging volunteers to support dementia family caregivers: An innovative approach to care and support

Abstract Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) family caregiving is often challenging, especially as formal services and supports are limited. Despite this, ~ 80% of care for persons with ADRD in the United States comes from family, friends, or other unpaid caregivers. As the population ages and the prevalence of ADRD increases, there is a considerable need for accessible and affordable community-based services and support for ADRD caregivers. Organizing and training volunteers to address unmet ADRD caregiving needs may be a scalable and cost-effective approach to address gaps in ADRD care. In this chapter, we highlight three volunteer-based services for ADRD family caregivers: (1) peer support programs, (2) churches and other faith-based communities, and (3) the Senior Companion Program. For each type of service, we describe the benefits to caregivers and care recipients, potential challenges, and an example of an existing program. We also offer innovative volunteer-based programming strategies for ADRD caregiving: (1) technological advances in peer support, (2) dementia-friendly churches, and (3) augmenting the Senior Companion Program with specialized ADRD training. Although there is no one-size-fits-all solution to addressing the ADRD caregiving gap, these volunteer-based models of care may allow community-based organizations to adopt cost-effective and sustainable strategies that leverage the skills and knowledge of trained volunteers.
Progression of Preclinical Heart Failure: A Description of Stage A and B Heart Failure in a Community Population

Background: The aims of this study are to evaluate the rate of progression of preclinical (Stage A and B) heart failure, identify associated characteristics, and evaluate long-term outcomes. Method...
Capturing the Complex Histories of German World War II Captured Maps

Author(s): Powell, Susan; Muhr, Heiko | Abstract: Following the end of World War II the U.S. Army Map Service distributed maps captured from the German military to research libraries across the United States, where they have remained largely hidden collections. One focus of the University of California Berkeley's German World War II captured maps digitization project has been the creation of detailed metadata for the German military map series. Data-rich catalog records with information about source maps and the need to do authority work for related corporate bodies provided entry points for exploring issues of provenance. The topographic map series that make up the bulk of this collection reflect the fragmentary nature of German cartographic history, with varying contributing corporate bodies, diverse source material, and a range of sophistication and technique. All of these characteristics evolved between 1936 and 1945 when the Nazi regime ramped up production of military maps. The authors make the case that it is worth the time and effort for libraries to invest in creating rich bibliographic descriptions for these map series.
Association of Terry Nails With Liver Cirrhosis.

INTRODUCTION We looked at the association between Terry nails and liver cirrhosis in an ambulatory population from hepatology and gastroenterology clinics. METHODS We prospectively investigated the prevalence and determinants of Terry nails in 1,000 consecutive patients from hepatology and gastroenterology clinics at 2 institutions between May 2016 and February 2020. RESULTS A total of 117 subjects manifested Terry nails, with a 25.6% prevalence in patients with cirrhosis. When adjusted for age, heart failure, diabetes mellitus type 2, and chronic liver disease, cirrhosis was the only significant correlate (odds ratio 5.7 [95% confidence interval 3.3-9.8]), irrespective of liver disease etiology, with a strong association with hepatic fibrosis stage (P < 0.0001). DISCUSSION Sensitivity and specificity of Terry nails for cirrhosis (25.8%, 92.7%) was similar to palmar erythema but less than spider angioma.
Diné (Navajo) female perspectives on mother-daughter communication and cultural assets around the transition to womanhood: a cross-sectional survey.

The inclusion of protective factors (“assets”) are increasingly supported in developing culturally grounded interventions for American Indian (AI) populations. This study sought to explore AI women’s cultural assets, perspectives, and teachings to inform the development of a culturally grounded, intergenerational intervention to prevent substance abuse and teenage pregnancy among AI females. Adult self-identified AI women (N = 201) who reside on the Navajo Nation completed a cross-sectional survey between May and October 2018. The 21-question survey explored health communication around the transition to womanhood, cultural assets, perceptions of mother–daughter reproductive health communication, and intervention health topics. Univariate descriptive analyses, chi squared, and fisher’s exact tests were conducted. Respondents ranged in age from 18 to 82 years, with a mean age of 44 ± 15.5 years. Women self-identified as mothers (95; 48%), aunts (59; 30%), older sisters (55; 28%), grandmothers (37; 19%), and/or all of the aforementioned (50; 25%). 66% (N = 95) of women admired their mother/grandmother most during puberty; 29% (N = 58) of women were 10–11 years old when someone first spoke to them about menarche; and 86% (N=172) felt their culture was a source of strength. 70% (N = 139) would have liked to learn more about reproductive health when they were a teenager; 67% (N = 134) felt Dine mothers are able to provide reproductive health education; 51% (N = 101) reported having a rite of passage event, with younger women desiring an event significantly more than older women. Responses also indicate a disruption of cultural practices due to government assimilation policies, as well as the support of male relatives during puberty. Results informed intervention content and delivery, including target age group, expanded caregiver eligibility criteria, lesson delivery structure and format, and protective cultural teachings. Other implications include the development of a complementary fatherhood and/or family-based intervention to prevent Native girls’ substance use and teen pregnancy.