cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“The qebla of Jāmi is None Other than Tabriz”: ʿAbd al-Rahmān Jāmi and Naqshbandi Sufism at the Aq Qoyunlu Royal Court

Abstract This article addresses the possibility that members of the Naqshbandi Sufi order exerted a greater influence at the royal court of Yaʿqub b. Uzun Hasan, leader of the Aq Qoyunlu dynasty, than previously acknowledged. In order to substantiate this claim, the article cites contemporary and near-contemporary Persian sources, notably the Tārikh-eʿālam-ārā-ye amini, the Rowzāt al-jenān va jannāt al-janān, and the Rashahāt-e ʿayn al-hayāt, each of which attests to the presence of Naqshbandis in the Aq Qoyunlu capital of Tabriz, and notes that the Naqshbandis most closely associated with Yaʿqub shared the distinction of being proteges of the classical Persian poet ʿAbd al-Rahmān Jāmi. In a related vein, the article suggests that it was Jāmi himself, in Salāmān o Absāl, and in a personal letter sent to Yaʿqub from his residence in Timurid Herat, who may have exerted the most significant Naqshbandi influence over the Aq Qoyunlu. The article therefore concludes that the existing historiography, which emphasizes the involvement of the Khalvati order in Aq Qoyunlu affairs, should be revised in order to recognize the probable influence of members of the Naqshbandi order, particularly Jāmi, at the Aq Qoyunlu court.
ASSOCIATION OF HEMOSPERMIA WITH PROSTATE CANCER

ABSTRACTPurpose: Hemospermia is uncommon clinical condition that usually follows a benign course. The association between hemospermia and prostate cancer has been reported but to our knowledge not thoroughly investigated. We studied the incidence of hemospermia and the association between prostate cancer and hemospermia in a large prostate cancer screening population.Materials and Methods: Between 1991 and 2001, 26,126 ambulatory men 50 years or older (40 years or older with a family history of prostate cancer or black race) underwent a community based prostate cancer screening study using serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE). PSA measurement and DRE were repeated at 6-month or 1-year intervals depending on PSA for the remainder of the study. Men underwent prostate biopsy due to increased serum PSA (greater than 4.0 ng/ml until May 1995 or greater than 2.5 ng/ml after May 1995) or suspicious DRE. Men with a history of prostate cancer were excluded from study. Men comp...
Where did you go wrong? Errors, partial errors, and the nature of human information processing.

Abstract Human performance is seldom perfect, and even when an overt response is correct it may be accompanied by partial-error activity that does not achieve the level of a complete incorrect response. Partial errors can be detected in measures of the lateralized readiness potential, of the electromyogram, and of response force. Correct responses accompanied by partial errors tend to have slower reaction times than “clean” correct responses (because of response competition), and condition differences in reaction time can, on some occasions, be explained in terms of differences in the incidence of partial errors. In two-choice reaction time tasks, partial errors are more frequent when the imperative stimulus contains information that favors both responses, than when it contains information that favors only one response. The non-random nature of partial errors supports the inference that partial information about the stimulus is used to guide responses. A similar inference is supported by the observation that, in hybrid choice Go/No-go tasks, the kinds of partial errors that follow a No-go stimulus represent activation of the response that would have been correct had the stimulus been a Go stimulus. Finally, we note that the human processing system is capable of monitoring its own behavior and of initiating remedial actions if necessary. The activity of an error-detection system, as revealed by measures of the error-related negativity, is related to the degree to which responses are slowed after errors.
Avances en mecánica computacional para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad cardiovascular

Durante los ultimos 30 anos, el estudio de la patogenia y la progresion de las enfermedades cardiovasculares ha necesitado de un esfuerzo multidisciplinario en el que intervienen muy diversas disciplinas, desde la biologia celular y molecular a la mecanica computacional y experimental de solidos y fluidos. Generalmente estos estudios estan motivados por la necesidad de obtener respuestas a las cuestiones esenciales para el control de la enfermedad. Los continuos avances en la resolucion de los equipos de imagen medica, junto con el crecimiento exponencial en magnitud, flexibilidad y velocidad de las tecnicas computacionales, han creado un importante espacio para el uso de simulaciones numericas y tecnicas experimentales complejas para mejorar el diagnostico y el manejo clinico de muchas enfermedades cardiovasculares. En este trabajo revisamos los ultimos avances en simulaciones numericas de la mecanica cardiovascular centrandonos en tres areas especificas: el modelado especifico del paciente y la optimizacion de la cirugia en cardiologia pediatrica, la evaluacion del riesgo de rotura de los aneurismas aorticos y la caracterizacion no invasiva del flujo intraventricular para el control de la insuficiencia cardiaca.
Inflammation and Cerebral Aneurysms

Cerebral aneurysms (CAs) occur in up to 5% of the population in the US, and up to 7% of all strokes are caused by CA rupture. Little is known about the pathophysiology of cerebral aneurysm formation, though inflammatory cells such as macrophages and neutrophils have been found in the walls of CAs. After many studies of both human specimens and experimentally induced animal models of aneurysms, the predominant model for CA formation and progression is as follows: (1) endothelial damage and degeneration of the elastic lamina, (2) inflammatory cell recruitment and infiltration, (3) and chronic remodeling of vascular wall. Endothelial damage can be caused by changes in hemodynamic stress, which results in the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine secretion followed by the recruitment of various inflammatory cells. This recruitment and subsequent infiltration induces smooth muscle cell proliferation, apoptosis, and remodeling of the artery wall. These complex events are thought to lead to aneurysm rupture. This review will focus on the role of the immune system in the formation and progression of saccular CA and the ways in which the immune response may be modulated to treat aneurysms and prevent rupture.
Theory of runaway electrons in ITER: Equations, important parameters, and implications for mitigation

The plasma current in ITER cannot be allowed to transfer from thermal to relativistic electron carriers. The potential for damage is too great. Before the final design is chosen for the mitigation system to prevent such a transfer, it is important that the parameters that control the physics be understood. Equations that determine these parameters and their characteristic values are derived. The mitigation benefits of the injection of impurities with the highest possible atomic number Z and the slowing plasma cooling during halo current mitigation to ≳40 ms in ITER are discussed. The highest possible Z increases the poloidal flux consumption required for each e-fold in the number of relativistic electrons and reduces the number of high energy seed electrons from which exponentiation builds. Slow cooling of the plasma during halo current mitigation also reduces the electron seed. Existing experiments could test physics elements required for mitigation but cannot carry out an integrated demonstration. ITER itself cannot carry out an integrated demonstration without excessive danger of damage unless the probability of successful mitigation is extremely high. The probability of success depends on the reliability of the theory. Equations required for a reliable Monte Carlo simulation are derived.
In vitro chondrocyte collagen deposition within porous HDPE: Substrate microstructure and wettability effects

The effects of microstructure and wettability of porous high density polyethylene (HDPE) substrates on chondrocyte collagen synthesis in vitro were assayed. Three size grades of hydrophilic and hydrophobic HDPE substrates with ranges of pore volumes of 40–60%, pore sizes of 115–335 μm, and surface areas per unit volumes of 7–20 mm2/mm3 were seeded with fetal bovine chondrocytes. After 7 days of incubation, the cells within all substrates remained spherical, and contained mainly type II collagen (as verified by type I and II collagen I-ELISAs). After 21 days, the majority of cells had spread; however, the matrices still contained mainly type II collagen. The hydrophilic matrices contained significantly more type II collagen than the hydrophobic matrices at both 7 and 21 days, whereas the amount of type II collagen was not influenced by the pore attributes. A significantly higher percentage of type II collagen was also observed in all seeded porous substrates as compared with seeded polystyrene culture dishes, perhaps indicating that the three-dimensional particular nature of the HDPE matrices enhanced the maintenance of phenotypically differentiated chondrocytes and entrapment of their extracellular matrix products. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Relaxin Receptor Expression in Hepatic Stellate Cells and in Cirrhotic Rat Liver Tissue

: Relaxin has antifibrotic effects on the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) responsible for collagen deposition in cirrhosis. The expression of relaxin receptors LGR7 and LGR8 in HSCs and liver disease was examined. Activated and quiescent HSCs expressed LGR7, whereas only activated HSCs expressed LGR8. Relaxin, relaxin-3, or InsL3 treatment increased cAMP, suggesting activation of both receptors. LGR8 and LGR7 were present in cirrhotic rat liver, but were undetectable in normal liver. In conclusion, both LGR7 and LGR8 are expressed in activated HSCs and cirrhotic liver, suggesting that relaxin, InsL3, or relaxin-3 may be useful in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
A New Strategy for Evaluating the Impact of Epidemiologic Risk Factors for Cancer with Application to Melanoma

Abstract A new stochastic framework is proposed for evaluating the individual and collective impact of cancer risk factors, and is applied to data on the incidence of melanoma. It is demonstrated that the standardized incidence ratio of second primary melanoma can be used to estimate the total coefficient of variation in risk in the population, subject to some simplifying assumptions. The coefficient of variation estimated in this manner thus can be used as a benchmark against which to judge the contributions to this total variance of individual risk factors. A nonparametric estimator of the coefficient of variation attributable to a single risk factor on the basis of data from a case-control study is derived, and its statistical properties are examined using simulations. It is shown that the categorization of a continuous risk factor can attenuate the estimate substantially, and that estimation of the joint contribution of several risk factors will usually require statistical modeling. Applying the metho...
The cyclopentone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Δ12,14 prostaglandin J2 represses nitric oxide, TNF-α, and IL-12 production by microglial cells

Abstract Prostaglandins are generally considered pro-inflammatory molecules that contribute to the pathology associated with a variety of immune-mediated diseases including multiple sclerosis. However, recently it has been demonstrated that specific cyclopentone prostaglandin metabolites including 15-deoxy-Δ 12,14 prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) are capable of repressing the production of pro-inflammatory molecules by cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Activated microglia produce nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α, molecules which can be toxic to cells including oligodendrocytes, thus potentially contributing to the pathology associated with multiple sclerosis. The current study demonstrates that 15d-PGJ2 inhibits lipopolysachharide (LPS) induction of NO and TNF-α production by rat primary microglia and mouse N9 microglial cells. 15d-PGJ2 also inhibits NO production by microglial cells activated in response to IFN-γ and TNF-α, cytokines believed to be important modulators of multiple sclerosis. IL-12 plays a critical role in stimulating the production of Th1 cells, which are believed to contribute to the pathology associated with multiple sclerosis. The current studies demonstrate that 15d-PGJ2 represses the production of IL-12 by microglial cells. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that the prostaglandin metabolite 15d-PGJ2 represses microglial production of potentially cytotoxic molecules, as well as molecules capable of altering T-cell phenotype. These in vitro studies suggest the possibility that the prostaglandin 15d-PGJ2 may modulate inflammatory diseases including multiple sclerosis.
Satisfaction and Success in Online Learning as a Function of the Needs for Affiliation, Autonomy, and Mastery.

Two studies were conducted to examine the relationship between motivational variables and satisfaction and success in online learning. College students enrolled in face-to-face psychology classes and who had taken at least one online course were surveyed. In Study 1, two hypotheses were tested: (1) that high need-for-affiliation students would be less, and (2) that high need-for-autonomy students would be more likely to want to take another online course. Hypothesis 1 was supported (f(4, 53) = 2.56, p < .05) and Hypothesis 2 was not. In Study 2, two hypotheses were tested: Students high in need for mastery would be (1) more satisfied with online learning and (2) more successful in school. Neither of these hypotheses was supported. The results from these two studies suggest that the need for affiliation may play a significant role in a student’s satisfaction with their online learning experience, but that the needs for autonomy and mastery are less important.
Earth's Surface Water Percentage?

Summary A hands-on activity is used to illustrate standard point and interval estimates of a proportion. Since the proportion is more or less known, the accuracy of these estimates can be assessed. A hypothesis test associated with the interval estimate is also given.
An empirical approach to the timing limitations of the raster-scan CRT

This paper describes an empirical investigation of brief stimulus durations produced by raster-scan CRT displays operating at a line frequency of 60 Hz. Timing accuracy of stimulus presentation was examined by empirical measurement of the number of refresh cycles (16.67 msec/cycle) occurring over a range of nominal time intervals (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 msec). For our microcomputer system with multiple CRT terminals, the results suggest that the minimum nominal time interval used should be 20 msec to ensure a maximally reliable stimulus presentation and that successive nominal time intervals should be separated by at least 30 msec. The empirical timing check provided useful information for determining the microcomputer system’s capabilities and limitations in experiments involving brief stimulus presentations.
Thermodynamics of impurities in semiconductors

First-principles electronic-structure calculations of impurities in semiconductors are extended to finite temperatures. We first calculate the vibrational free energy in cubic C, Si, and Ge and hexagonal GaN and show that reliable phonon densities of state, specific heats, and other thermodynamic quantities can be obtained in the same (64-atom) supercells commonly used to study impurities. Then, we use examples in Si to quantify various free energy contributions. Only the vibrational free energy plays a role in the temperature dependence of the relative energy of the two $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{*}$ complexes, and the configurational entropy dominates when calculating the binding energy of copper pairs, while the rotational free energy is critical to interstitial ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, HD, and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$. The contribution to the free energy of electrons (holes) originating from occupied (empty) localized impurity levels in the gap is estimated and found to be very small.
The lag structure of returns to research and development

(1982). The lag structure of returns to research and development. Applied Economics: Vol. 14, No. 6, pp. 603-620.
Lipodermatosclerosis: Review of cases evaluated at Mayo Clinic

Abstract Background: Lipodermatosclerosis describes bound-down, sclerotic skin involving the lower extremities. Objective: Our purpose was to describe the demographic and clinical features of patients with lipodermatosclerosis. Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients presenting to Mayo Clinic between 1976 and 1998 with a diagnosis of lipodermatosclerosis. Results: Of 97 patients, 84 (87%) were women. Mean age was 62 years (range, 25-88 years). Mean body mass index was 34.3 (range, 17.8-71.5). Clinical signs were bilateral involvement in 44 patients (45%), induration localized to a discrete plaque in 49 (51%), erythema in 69 (71%), hyperpigmentation in 57 (59%), ulceration in 13 (13%), concomitant edema in 69 (71%), and varicosities in 55 (57%). Vascular studies performed on 72 patients showed abnormalities in 49: deep venous incompetence in 33 (67%), calf muscle pump abnormality in 19 (39%), abnormal pulsatility in 10 (20%), and obstruction in 1 (2%). Conclusion: Lipodermatosclerosis was associated with female sex, middle age, high body mass index, and venous abnormalities. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;46:187-92.)
Molecular testing guidelines for lung adenocarcinoma: Utility of cell blocks and concordance between fine-needle aspiration cytology and histology samples.

Background: Lung cancer is a leading cause of mortality, and patients often present at a late stage. More recently, advances in screening, diagnosing, and treating lung cancer have been made. For instance, greater numbers of minimally invasive procedures are being performed, and identification of lung adenocarcinoma driver mutations has led to the implementation of targeted therapies. Advances in molecular techniques enable use of scant tissue, including cytology specimens. In addition, per recently published consensus guidelines, cytology-derived cell blocks (CBs) are preferred over direct smears. Yet, limited comparison of molecular testing of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) CBs and corresponding histology specimens has been performed. This study aimed to establish concordance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) virus homolog testing between FNA CBs and histology samples from the same patients. Materials and Methods: Patients for whom molecular testing for EGFR or KRAS was performed on both FNA CBs and histology samples containing lung adenocarcinoma were identified retrospectively. Following microdissection, when necessary, concordance of EGFR and KRAS molecular testing results between FNA CBs and histology samples was evaluated. Results: EGFR and/or KRAS testing was performed on samples obtained from 26 patients. Concordant results were obtained for all EGFR (22/22) and KRAS (17/17) mutation analyses performed. Conclusions: Identification of mutations in lung adenocarcinomas affects clinical decision-making, and it is important that results from small samples be accurate. This study demonstrates that molecular testing on cytology CBs is as sensitive and specific as that on histology.
High points in paleolimnological studies as viewed by a convert

In these remarks I do not offer an objective history of paleolimnology as a research field. Such a treatment is incorporated in the perceptive essay on changing paradigms in paleoecology and paleolimnology in Holocene climatic research by Birks (2008). Rather, I record some idiosyncratic impressions of developments I recall from an outworn (or worn-out) memory. Some coincide with John’s paradigms (e.g. CLIMAP), but others involve relatively minor events or personal experiences viewed from a seat in Minnesota by one who was an original outsider. It’s a long road from arid-region geomorphology to modern paleolimnology. With a background as a pilot, I was fascinated by landform patterns shown on air photographs of regions not obscured by forest cover—and later by vegetational patterns on peatlands. A systematic pattern demands an explanation, and any explanation of a landform must include a history of its development. History in turn requires a chronology. Radiocarbon dating of organic material today is the most common approach to chronology, at least for the late Quaternary, but appropriate organic materials of terrestrial origin are rarely found on terraces and other common landforms in arid regions. On the other hand, small lakes, even in arid regions, can contain organic materials that originate outside the lake and are suitable for dating. Because I was concurrently searching for chronologies in areas where I was working, I focused on lake sediments, thereby migrating into paleolimnology. In my migration from geomorphology, my first job was to find lakes in areas of interest. Certainly the 10,000 glacial lakes in Minnesota were available. My other study areas seemed to have inappropriate geology to yield lakes if one considers the usual origins, e.g. limestone sinkholes, volcanic features, landslides, sand dunes. But over the years I have found lakes in unlikely areas—for example, solution depressions in siliceous sandstone (New Mexico), lakes on a tributary stream dammed by a main stream or on a main stream dammed by a tributary (Minnesota), lakes resulting from stream piracy (Iran) or the local melting of ice lenses in permafrost (Siberia). But once a lake’s origin is determined, the essence of much of paleolimnology is the study of lake development as recorded by the production and preservation of aquatic organisms that reflect the chemical and physical properties of the water, which in turn may be strongly influenced by environmental factors beyond the limits of the lake, including climate, landscape stability, fire frequency, and human activities. But other components of lake The author was the recipient of a ‘‘Lifetime Achievement Award’’ presented by the International Paleolimnology Association (IPA) in Guadalajara, Mexico on 16 December 2009.
Has India׳s Solar Mission increased the deployment of domestically produced solar modules?

The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM), India׳s flagship policy for solar energy deployment, includes an increasingly strict Domestic Content Requirement (DCR) intended to promote the domestic crystalline photovoltaic solar industry. We examine the impact of the JNNSM DCR on the utilization of domestic and domestic crystalline silicon modules. Using a plant-level database of approximately 250 plants, we show that the first, and weaker, version of the policy accomplished its intention of promoting domestic crystalline silicon modules. However, the second, and stricter, version of the policy has not been as effective: it appears to have promoted the use of foreign thin film modules instead. This analysis shows that the tightening of the DCR was associated with leakage to foreign thin film modules. This suggests that DCR policies need to be comprehensive in scope to ensure that they achieve a goal of using only domestic content; however, policymakers should appropriately assess the welfare impacts of such restrictions.
Zinc Metalloregulation of the Zinc Finger Pair Domain

The yeast transcriptional activator Zap1 contains two uncommon structural motifs designated zinc finger pair domains. The hallmark of this domain is the packing of two zinc finger motifs in one globular unit. One finger pair domain in Zap1 contains the AD2 transactivation domain. Zn(II) binding to this domain (ZF1/2) is kinetically labile yielding a zinc-regulated transactivator. The second finger pair domain (ZF3/4) lies within the DNA-binding domain, and it stably binds Zn(II). The goal of this study was to map the determinant conferring lability in Zn(II) binding by using finger pair chimeras. Whereas ZF2 contains the transactivation function, zinc regulation is dependent on the presence of ZF1. ZF3 can functionally replace ZF1, and a ZF3/2 finger pair retains limited zinc regulation. Replacement of ZF3 by ZF1 creating a ZF1/4 chimera was found to stably bind Zn(II), suggesting that the presence of a stable motif (ZF4) can impart binding stability on a labile motif (ZF1). Zn(II) binding in finger pair domains is dependent on the presence of both motifs. Mutations in one finger motif markedly attenuate Zn(II) binding to the second motif. Kinetic lability in Zn(II) binding was mapped to the alpha-helix of ZF2. A ZF1/ZFbeta2alpha4 chimera resembles ZF3/4 in Zn(II) binding stability in incubation studies with the Zn(II) chelators. The present results demonstrate that zinc regulation of AD activity of ZF2 is dependent on determinants in ZF1 as well as the alpha-helix segment of ZF2.
The impact of psychoticism on perceived hassles, depression, hostility, and hopelessness in non-psychiatric African Americans

Psychotic symptoms are distributed along a continuum that extends from normality to diagnosable psychotic disorders and the presence of psychoticism among individuals in the general population may lead to morbidity and social impairment. This study examined a model in which psychoticism leads to several important psychological consequences. The analysis included 134 African Americans with no psychiatric history who were being seen in medical walk-in clinics for non-emergency medical problems. Psychoticism, perceived hassles, depression, hostility, and hopelessness were measured. The Linear Structural Relations Program (LISREL) was used to test the fit of the data to the proposed model, a trimmed hierarchical version, and two alternative models. The data supported a model in which psychoticism has substantial effects on several important characteristics: perceived daily hassles, depression, and hostility. Depression mediated the association between psychoticism and hopelessness. Goodness-of-fit indices for a final trimmed model that eliminated one path from the initial postulated model revealed good fit to the data, and the two alternative models were found not to fit the data. Like psychosis itself, psychoticism appears to cause meaningful dysfunction even among non-psychiatric individuals from the general population. Additional research is needed to further characterize the detrimental effects of psychoticism or self-reported psychotic symptoms in the general, non-psychiatric population.
Plasma chemical synthesis. I. Effect of electrode material on the synthesis of ammonia

The effect of several electrode materials on the synthesis of ammonia was studied in a 60-Hz glow discharge at low pressures. It was found that their activity with respect to ammonia formation varied in the following order: Pt>SS>Ag>Fe>Cu>Al>Zn. There is an approximately linear relationship between the yield of ammonia and the electron work function. It appears that a higher work function produces a larger potential gradient near the instantaneous cathodes and a greater efficiency for the formation of the ionic and radical precursors of NH3. Possible correlations between properties of the electrode materials and their activities are discussed in terms of previously reported “catalytic” effects and mechanisms in plasma chemistry.
Ameliorating slice gaps in multislice magnetic resonance images: an interpolation scheme.

Standard two-dimension (2D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) clinical acquisition protocols utilize orthogonal plane images which contain slice gaps (SG). The purpose of this work is to introduce a novel interpolation method for these orthogonal plane MRI 2D datasets. Three goals can be achieved: (1) increasing the resolution based on a priori knowledge of scanning protocol, (2) ameliorating the loss of data as a result of SG and (3) reconstructing a three-dimension (3D) dataset from 2D images. MRI data was collected using a 3T GE scanner and simulated using Matlab. The procedure for validating the MRI data combination algorithm was performed using a Shepp–Logan and a Gaussian phantom in both 2D and 3D of varying matrix sizes (64–512), as well as on one MRI dataset of a human brain and on an American College of Radiology magnetic resonance accreditation phantom. The squared error and mean squared error were computed in comparing this scheme to common interpolating functions employed in MR consoles and workstations. The mean structure similarity matrix was computed in 2D as a means of qualitative image assessment. Additionally, MRI scans were used for qualitative assessment of the method. This new scheme was consistently more accurate than upsampling each orientation separately and averaging the upsampled data. An efficient new interpolation approach to resolve SG was developed. This scheme effectively fills in the missing data points by using orthogonal plane images. To date, there have been few attempts to combine the information of three MRI plane orientations using brain images. This has specific applications for clinical MRI, functional MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging/diffusion tensor imaging and MR angiography where 2D slice acquisition are used. In these cases, the 2D data can be combined using our method in order to obtain 3D volume.
Transmembrane segment 5 of the dipeptide transporter hPepT1 forms a part of the substrate translocation pathway.

Abstract This study is the first systematic attempt to investigate the role of transmembrane segment 5 of hPepT1, the most conserved segment across different species, in forming a part of the aqueous substrate translocation pathway. We used cysteine-scanning mutagenesis in conjunction with the sulfhydryl-specific reagents, MTSEA and MTSET. Neither of these reagents reduced wild-type-hPepT1 transport activity in HEK293 cells and Xenopus oocytes. Twenty-one single cysteine mutations in hPepT1 were created by replacing each residue within TMS5 with a cysteine. HEK293 cells were then transfected with each mutated protein and the steady-state protein level, [ 3 H]Gly-Sar uptake activity, and sensitivity to the MTS reagents were measured. S164C-, L168C-, G173C-, and I179C-hPepT1 were not expressed on the plasma membrane. Y167C-, N171C-, and S174C-hPepT1 showed ⩽25% Gly-Sar uptake when compared with WT-hPepT1. P182C-hPepT1 showed ∼40% specific activity whereas all the remaining transporters, although still sensitive to single cysteine mutations, exhibited more than 50% specific activity when compared to WT-hPepT1. The activity of F166C-, L176C-, S177C-, T178C-, I180C-, T181C-, and P182C-hPepT1 was partially inhibited, while the activity of F163C- and I170C-hPepT1 was completely inhibited by 2.5 mM MTSEA. F163C, I165C, F166C, A169C, I170C, S177C, T181C, and P182C were clearly accessible to 1 mM MTSET. Overall, these results suggest that TMS5 lines the putative aqueous channel and is slightly tilted from the vertical axis of the channel, with the exofacial half forming a classical amphipathic α-helix and the cytoplasmic half being highly solvent accessible.
Dynamic Saint-Venant region in a semi-infinite elastic strip

This paper presents a formulation for the solution of the steady state rosponse of a semi-infinite strip with atress-free semi-infinite edges and a time-harmonie shear and normal stress applied to the end. If the end stresses form a self-equilibrated stress state, the presence or absence of a dynainic Saint-Venant region may be examined. The mathematical analysis is based on the linear equations for generalized plane stress and are solved by a biorthogonal eigenfunction expansion. The formulation is in terms of stresses and a displacement related auxiliary variable of the same differential order as the stress. Numerical solutions are presented as an indication of frequency and stress mode shape dependency.
Adverse events occurring after smallpox vaccination

Abstract We reviewed the literature on adverse events reported to occur after smallpox vaccination. Nearly one-half of the United States population is vaccinia-naive and may be at risk for development of serious adverse events. We describe the clinical features of postvaccinial central nervous system disease, progressive vaccinia, eczema vaccinatum, accidental implantations, “generalized vaccinia,” and the common erythematous and/or urticarial rashes. In the 1960s, death occurred approximately once in every million primary vaccinations, with fatalities resulting from progressive vaccinia, postvaccinial encephalitis, and eczema vaccinatum. Death in revaccinees occurred less commonly and almost entirely from progressive vaccinia. In today’s population, death rates might be higher because of the increased prevalence of immune deficiency and atopic dermatitis.
Assessing the feasibility of a process plan: a study in variable interaction

A process plan for machining is a description of a sequence of operations that produce a designed part using the available machines, fixtures, and tools. The objective of this work is to clarify the nature of the process planning problem, and to develop an integrated planning system that can assess plan feasibility while accounting for the interactions between planning decisions. Solving the automated planning problem depends on understanding what decisions must be made and whether the resulting plan is feasible. The focus on interactions stems from the fact that interacting decisions, made in isolation, and then combined, are likely to result in an infeasible plan. For example, the feature definition decision interacts with the tool selection decision; the feasibility of either decision can not be fully assessed until the choice made for the other decision is known. An integrated planning system is built to support decision making and feasibility assessment while accounting for the interaction between decisions. An object-oriented implementation illustrates the ap preach. Plan feasibility can be assessed at any time during planning, and specific constraint violations are identified. The planning model can be easily attached to an automated planning algorithm and thereby provide an essential component of problem solving-assessing the feasibility of the decisions made by the planner. *Supported by a U.S. Department of Energy Integrated Manufacturing Predoctoral Fellowship. Both authors are supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant CDR 8803017 to the Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Manufacturing Systems, Purdue University, IJSA.
Can antiheart autoantibodies predict disease risk in asymptomatic relatives of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy

Can antiheart autoantibodies predict disease risk in asymptomatic relatives of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy?
Eyelid and Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma Associated with Keratoconus

A 38-year-old man had a 35-year history of a slowly progressive eyelid and orbital mass and keratoconus affecting his left eye. The mass was excised and found to be a large encapsulated cavernous hemangioma. We postulated a direct relationship between the development of keratoconus and the mechanical pressure exerted by the tumor on the globe.
Experimental study of hydroxyalkyl peroxy radicals from OH-initiated reactions of isoprene

Abstract Despite the importance of hydroxy–isoprene peroxy radicals in cycling of NO to NO 2 , in partitioning of the final products, and in propagation of the oxidation reactions, very few experimental studies involving these radicals as reactants have been carried out. Using a fast-flow reactor coupled to chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) detection, we have generated and detected the OH–O 2 –isoprene peroxy radical. By directly monitoring the peroxy radical we have obtained an overall rate constant of (7±3)×10 −13 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 for the reaction of the OH–isoprene adduct with O 2 .
Nonlocal potentials and inadequacies of the Jost function in the description of nuclear phenomena

This paper considers the conceptual problem of describing the physics of a many body system in terms of a two body S matrix. Projection of the many body problem onto a two body channel results in a potential which is nonlocal. We demonstrate that for a nonlocal potential the analytic structure of the Jost function differs from that associated with a local potential. Moreover, the Jost function, and thus the S matrix, is shown to be an incomplete description of the information in the two body channel. This is accomplished by considering Fredholm determinants associated with scattering integral equations.
Reducing symmetric polarization aberrations in a lens by annealing

Radially symmetric retardance was found in antireflection coated, molded aspheric glass lenses by measurement with a Mueller matrix imaging polarimeter. The source of the unexpected polarization aberration is traced to a remarkably symmetric radial stress birefringence in the glass believed to arise during fire-polishing of the surfaces. While annealing the lenses relieves much of the stress birefringence, reducing the retardance of the lenses by a factor of five, the lenses remained unusable.
Hypersensitivity reactions associated with fidaxomicin use

We report hypersensitivity reactions associated with fidaxomicin, an antibacterial drug approved for the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. These reactions are viewed as significant because of severity and unexpected because fidaxomicin is minimally absorbed. The fidaxomicin labeling was revised to include information about the possibility of hypersensitivity reactions.
CookieMonster: Automated Session Hijacking Archival and Analysis

We introduce a process-driven experiment named "CookieMonster" that can be ran against any cookie granting (i.e. session identification generation) application to test for strength of the cookie generation algorithm. The Cookie Monster processes are applicable to any operating system, web server, and web application as long as session identifiers are granted to requesting client machines. Our goal is to decipher how likely session hijacking attacks may be successful strictly because of weak session identifier generation by the web application. These processes and necessary infrastructure setup can be followed for future generations of web application and web server products because of the universal approach we created. Setup for the experiment includes a web server running a web application that grants session identifiers (cookies), an attack machine running our rapid request software (Bockscar) and a database for archival and analysis of the cookies.
New Method of Monitoring Junction Temperature

A variation of the pulse method of junction temperature measurement is presented. The new technique allows the junction temperature of diodes and transistors under stress test to be monitored by a simple procedure. An expression for correcting junction to case thermal resistances, obtained via the steady-state h rb method, for nonthermal effects is derived. Both of these ideas are illustrated by an example.
THE GEOPHYSICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF OCEANIC PLAGIOGRANITE

Abstract Rocks ranging in composition from trondhjemite to diorite (plagiogranites) have been recovered from ocean ridges and are common constituents of ophiolites. Velocities and densities of diorite and trondhjemite from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge are shown to differ significantly from similar properties of metadolerite and gabbro. Compressional ( V p ) and shear ( V s ) velocities of plagiogranites are relatively low ( V p = 4.78–5.91km/s at1kbar , V s = 2.81–3.37km/s at1kbar ), as are densities (2.57–2.64 g/cm 3 ) and Poisson's ratios (0.24–0.27). These data lend strong support to the probable existence of a low-velocity/density zone within layer 3 of the oceanic crust. Based on observations in ophiolites, it is postulated that this zone can be up to 1 km in thickness and is laterally discontinuous.
The Age of a Unique Event Polymorphism

We develop a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach for estimating the distribution of the age of a mutation that is assumed to have arisen just once in the history of the population of interest. We assume that in addition to the presence or absence of this mutation in a sample of chromosomes, we have DNA sequence data from a region completely linked to the mutant site. We apply our method to a mitochondrial data set in which the DNA sequence data come from hypervariable region I and the mutation of interest is the 9-bp region V deletion.
The Heavenly Writing: The Classification of Mesopotamian Celestial Inquiry as Science

THE EVIDENCE OF TRANSMISSION Second only to the invention of writing, science, in the forms of astronomy and astrology, ranks as the cultural phenomenon through which Mesopotamian civilization had its broadest impact on other cultures. This impact is measured by the nature of the evidence for the transmission of the Mesopotamian celestial sciences both to the west and east, in antiquity and even later. During the Hellenistic period the transmission of astronomical knowledge from Mesopotamia to Greece was to be influential in the early development of western astronomy. The preservation of Babylonian astronomy in Medieval European, Indian, and Arabic traditions is in turn a consequence of the influence of Hellenistic astronomy and astrology, in which parts of the Babylonian tradition came to be embedded. Whereas the Indian reception of western astronomy and astrology occurred as early as the mid-second century of the Common Era, the impact of Indian astronomy on Arabic astronomy took place during the ninth century of our era, by which time Indian astronomy represented a hybrid of Babylonian and Greek traditions. In addition to the Babylonian contribution to Arabic science via India, the Greek Almagest became another significant vehicle for the transmission of Babylonian astronomy to the Islamic world and all the places where the Almagest became known. Babylonian astronomical units (the sexagesimal system, the measure of time and arc, units of length and magnitude in cubits and fingers, tithis , and ecliptical coordinates), parameters (such as period relations for lunar, solar, planetary phenomena, and values for the length of daylight), and methods (Systems A and B of Babylonian mathematical astronomy and methods for computing the rising times of the zodiac) were incorporated within the astronomy of these later antique and mediaeval sciences.
Sterisch gesteuerte Polymerisation

Polymere bestehen aus sehr grosen Molekeln, welche durch Polymerisation relativ kleiner Einheiten, den sog. Monomeren, entstehen. Ein Protein ist beispielsweise ein Polymer, welches aus α-Aminosaureeinheiten aufgebaut ist, Cellulose ist ein Polymer, welches aus Glucoseeinheiten aufgebaut ist usw. Unter den typischen synthetischen Polymeren seien jene erwahnt, welche sich von den sog. «α-Olefinen» R-CH=CH2 herleiten und deren Polymerenkonstitution der allgemeinen Formel Open image in new window entspricht.
Buprenorphine inhibits bradykinin-induced release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from rat trigeminal neurons via both μ-opioid and nociceptin/orphanin peptide receptors.

In this study we used the dual opioid and nociceptin/orphanin peptide (NOP) agonist buprenorphine to investigate the relative contributions of opioid and NOP systems in regulating bradykinin-stimulated calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) release from primary cultures of neonatal rat trigeminal neurons. We found that: bradykinin stimulates CGRP secretion either by a direct effect or after applying so-called “bradykinin -priming” protocol. In both cases, buprenorphine was able to inhibit bradykinin-stimulated CGRP secretion; however, inhibition was mediated by NOP receptors when buprenorphine was added to the incubation medium along with bradykinin, whereas it appeared to be mediated by μ-opioid receptors in bradykinin priming experiments. Bradykinin treatments also caused an increase in neuronal prostaglandin production; prostanoids appeared to be involved in the stimulatory effects of bradykinin as well as in buprenorphine inhibition, through apparently unrelated mechanisms.
Requirements validation via automated natural language parsing

Object oriented analysis (OOA) has become a popular method for analyzing system requirements. Unfortunately however, none of the current versions of OOA have included a validation technique tailored to the object oriented approach. Most, instead, merely recommend document reviews without specifying what kinds of problems to look for. The paper explores the question by applying a natural language parser to a requirements document, extracting candidate objects, methods and associations, composing them into an object model diagram, and then comparing the results to those determined by manual OOA. To do this, we have adapted an automated natural language parser and used it to examine several high level specifications. The results indicate that with a modest amount of effort, our technique can give valuable feedback to the analyst. >
A simple keynesian model with flexible wages: A succinct synthesis☆

Abstract Drawing on both the General Theory and the large Post-Keynesian secondary, literature, this states a model of Keynes that is free of the faults often attributed to the mainstream version. Those dissatisfied with the familiar orthodoxy must determine, largely in the dark, whether to take the time and effort required to master this alternative on their own. It is the author's hope that this piece can serve as an introduction to work in this vein, and that brevity, completeness, and accessibility to those familiar with more conventional analysis characterize this paper.
Perception and Control of Fabric Streaks Part II: Experimental

In Part I of this series, we developed a simplified theoretical mathematical model to predict streak and barre intensities in fabrics from yarn properties varying individ ually or collectively. In ...
THE INFLUENCE OF RESISTANCE ON THE CHARACTER OF DISEASE IN EXPERIMENTAL RESPIRATORY INFECTION.

An organism of the Pasteurella group ( Pasteurella avicida ) has been shown to possess considerable pathogenicity for rabbits when injected into the trachea. 1 cc. of bouillon containing 1/100 cc. of a 24 hour bouillon culture introduced by means of a curved metal tube passed through the larynx gives rise to a rapidly fatal septicemia in which the lungs are not particularly involved. Rabbits may be made completely resistant to this intratracheal infection by means of intratracheal, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous injections of killed cultures. Vaccination and subsequent injection of living culture beneath the skin resulted in extensive abscess formation about the site of inoculation. Vaccines sprayed on the mucous membranes of the nose and throat failed to raise appreciably the resistance against subsequent intratracheal injection. Rabbits whose resistance has been stimulated within narrow limits by a small dose of vaccine beneath the skin become more resistant to the experimental respiratory infection. The character of the disease is changed from a rapidly fatal septicemia without lung involvement to a more prolonged pneumonia. The blood remains sterile for varying periods. Consolidations of the more dependent lobes occur with considerable regularity. In two instances a characteristic empyema developed in the course of the experiments.