cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the Bovine Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitors by Radioimmunoassay

Bovine pancreas contains two polypeptide trypsin inhibitors which are not homologous and differ in their inhibitory activity towards chymotrypsin, kallikrein, elastase and other serine proteinases [1]. The Kunitz inhibitor [2, 3] and the Kazal inhibitor [4, 5] are present in approximately equimolar concentrations in bovine pancreatic tissue [6], yet only the Kazal inhibitor is detectable in the pancreatic juice [6, 7]. The Kazal inhibitor has been named the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor, PSTI [8] because its concentration in the pancreatic juice parallels that of the exocrine secretory proteins [7, 9, 10]. The Kunitz inhibitor is considered the “intracellular” inhibitor [7]. However, no direct information is available concerning the intracellular localization of these inhibitors in the pancreas. A sensitive and specific analytical method for the measurement of Kazal and Kunitz inhibitors at the picogram-nanogram level is required for intracellular distribution studies. The preparation of trace labelled 131I-Kunitz inhibitor by the chloramine T method and its use in a radioimmunoassay have been described by Arndts et al. [11]. In this communication we report the preparation of 125I derivatives of Kazal and Kunitz inhibitors by the lactoperoxidase method and present a radioimmunoassay for each inhibitor.
ATTRACTORS POINTS IN THE AUTOSUBSTITUTION

Recently an operation of graphs called substitution has been incorporated. In an informal way, the substitution consists in the replacement of a vertex for a graph. This new graph is characterized through a function (of substitution) that it could be self definable. The substitution of each vertex of a graph G, through injectives functions of substitution, by the same G graph will be called autosubstitution and denoted by G(G). If X represents the class of all the simple and fi- nite graphs and w is an application of X in X, defined by w (G) = G(G), then it is interest in studying the dynamic properties of w and the construction of some algorithms that they permit the generating of fractal images. In function of the above-mentioned it is proposed to analyze the autosubstitution for graphs simple and finite. Framed in the area of the Graph Dynamics, inside the area of the Graph Theory, the present work will use, preferably, simple and finite graph.
Electrically conductive, biocompatible composite containing carbon nanobrushes for applications in neuroregeneration

This project aims to design a suitable composite for experiments involving nerve cell regeneration. This composite consists of Pluronic F-127 poloxamer gels with embedded carbon nanobrushes that allow the composite to inherit conductive properties. These conductive properties allow for the possibility of nerve cell stimulation via an electric current or voltage.
A neural network learning method for causal networks

This paper presents a neural network method that learns both symbolic and probabilistic causal associations for probabilistic causal networks. Unlike past neural network modeling work, this method directly acts on causal networks without requiring their own separate networks, and it learns either from a set of static case data or upon receiving a new case input. Theoretical analyses and computer experiments of this method are also presented. >
The interrelationships between trauma and internalizing symptom trajectories among adolescents in foster care

Abstract This study examined the interrelationships between changes in trauma and internalizing symptoms among adolescents in foster care. Using three waves of data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, growth-curve analyses were conducted with a sample of 155 adolescents aged 11–15 in out-of-home care. Findings indicated that the initial level of post-traumatic stress symptoms was significantly associated with the initial level of internalizing symptoms at Wave I and decreases in post-traumatic stress symptoms were significantly associated with decreases in internalizing symptoms from Wave I to Wave IV. Viewing trauma and internalizing symptoms as interrelated affords increased understanding of ways in which adolescents who have experienced high levels of stress express their needs. As such, it may be clinically beneficial to conduct an evaluation of trauma symptoms for adolescents in foster care, regardless of whether there has been a documented history of a traumatic event. Doing so may provide a more comprehensive view into the underlying influences of adolescent behaviors and help capture a broader clinical picture necessary for effective intervention.
Optimization Design for Braking Energy Storage Device of Bicycle

A braking energy storage device is designed based on bicycle. With a cylindrical helical spring as the major energy storage component, and the experiment subject is built to prove that this technical route is feasible. On the condition of meeting requirements of energy storage and body strength, its mathematical model of mass optimization is built and the process optimization algorithm is designed, in order to get the least mass of energy storage device. The constraint conditions and objective functions are analyzed and derived for the main parts including straight cylindrical shell, cylindrical spring,ball screw and spiral bevel gears. Optimization model is calculated with Matlab, and the results are proved feasible with ANSYS. The least total mass of main parts in energy storage device from optimization analysis is 5.446 kg, achieving the goal of optimizing total mass of this energy storage device, and reducing additional energy consumption in the driving process of vehicle because of installing this device.
GIS Mechanical Condition Detection System Based on Vibration Signaland Its Application

Except for discharge fault caused faults,the widely used GIS devices in power system also have mechanical faults caused faults in actual operation. Current detection means are mostly aimed for discharge fault,while few of them are aimed for mechanical fault.The GIS mechanical condition detection system based on vibration signal is developed by self. The vibration of GIS devices in a 110 k V substation is detected in field by the detection system. Positions at TV and bus are detected specially and measurement results are analyzed and compared. Results show that the self-vibration of TV is stronger than the vibration of the connection point with neighbor device,the vibration of buses are weak overall,and the vibration near the devices that have contact problems is relatively stronger. The GIS mechanical condition detection system provides technical support for the field vibration detection of GIS device and the investigation and diagnosis of its mechanical fault. The results of this paper provide data support for the on-site testing of GIS vibration and fault diagnosis of mechanical faults.
Fe and Ni impurities in synthetic diamond

Using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microanalysis, including XRF tomography, and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analyses, the distribution, and nature of incorporation of Fe and Ni impurities in as-grown diamond crystals, synthesized under high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) conditions, have been characterized. We find significantly different behavior for Fe and Ni as impurities in diamond. Nickel is dispersed and sector-zoned, with concentrations in {111} growth sectors at least 3 times those in {100} sectors, whereas Fe exists in the form of micro-aggregates or clusters with no observable sector correlation. Fe K -edge XANES shows that Fe is oxidized in diamond and has a valence of 2+. Comparison of XANES spectra from numerous standard compounds indicates that Fe is very likely bonded with oxygen as FeO.
Communication in Stepfamilies

A stepfamily is a family unit in which at least one child is not the biological or adopted child of one member of the married (or cohabiting) couple. Stepfamilies often have to negotiate such complexities as being spread across multiple households, dealing with stigma, clarifying unclear roles for family members, and negotiating a lack of legal status between the stepparent and stepchildren. The ways that stepfamilies develop, co-parent, and self-disclose have been found to be affected by these factors and often differ from nuclear family dynamics. Less is currently known concerning how stepfamily members communicate with individuals outside the stepfamily system. Keywords: children; family communication; interpersonal communication; relational communication; stereotyping
Three-Dimensional Peptide Fractionation for Highly Sensitive Nanoscale LC-Based Shotgun Proteomic Analysis of Complex Protein Mixtures

To sensitively analyze complex protein mixtures by mass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomics, researchers have employed platforms that couple orthogonal peptide fractionation methods using nanoscale HPLC. Commonly used platforms have coupled either strong cation exchange (SCX) HPLC or preparative isoelectric focusing (IEF) with nanoscale reversed-phase (nanoRP) HPLC fractionation of peptides. Coupling two dimensions of peptide fractionation, prior to mass spectrometric analysis, increases the sensitivity for identifying low abundance proteins. However, the large dynamic range of protein abundance and high level of complexity of protein mixtures derived from many biological sources, such as bodily fluids, require additional steps of peptide fractionation. To address this shortcoming, we have developed a platform combining three dimensions of peptide fractionation as follows: (1) preparative IEF; (2) SCX HPLC; and (3) nanoRP HPLC. This platform significantly increases the sensitivity of shotgun proteomic analysis in complex protein mixtures. Here, we describe the implementation of this three-dimensional peptide fractionation platform for proteomic studies of complex mixtures.
Schreibersite on the early Earth: Scenarios for prebiotic phosphorylation

The mineral schreibersite, (Fe,Ni)3P, provides a reactive source of phosphorus capable of forming phosphorylated molecules. These molecules may have been an important component of prebiotic chemistry, allowing their build-up and eventual commencement of autopoiesis. Discussed here are potential geochemical routes to providing schreibersite, as a potentially important prebiotic mineral, to the Hadean Earth. Two routes are identified: delivery of phosphides by meteoritic material and the reduction of phosphates to phosphides by high-temperature, low-redox conditions. About 1–10% of all crustal phosphorus is estimated to have been in schreibersite during the Hadean, making the long-term reaction of this mineral with organic-laden water plausible for many years. Ultimately, such conditions would have been conducive to the formation of life as we know it today.
Too much common sense, not enough critical thinking!

This paper explores two different views about common sense—those of Clifford Geertz and Antonio Gramsci. It examines their presuppositions, assesses their utility for archaeologists, and considers the implications of current common-sense explanations of the past. It points out that common sense is both historical. Yesterday’s common sense sometimes morphs into today’s good sense or scientific truth. Today’s common sense or scientific truth often becomes tomorrow’s false consciousness or folklore. Common sense is also relational. Groups with different positionalities in hierarchically organized societies may have widely divergent views about what is common sense. Finally, it raises the question of why particular “common sense” explanations of the present—buttressed with claims that they are rooted historically in a fixed, unchanging human nature and morality—are repeatedly resurrected by fundamentalists and conservatives in both hemispheres to justify political arguments and to reassert or impose or particular power relations.
Communication—Investigation of Anatase-TiO2 as an Efficient Electrode Material for Magnesium-Ion Batteries

Magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) have twofold volumetric energy density than that of lithium without the dendritic deposition morphology associated with Li, which makes MIBs attractive options. We investigate the feasibility of using anatase-phase TiO2 as an electrode material for MIBs. Electrochemical, microscopic, and spectroscopic analyses are performed in order to probe Mg-ion insertion as well as determine the limitation of TiO2 as a viable electrode material.
A new “twist” on right heart failure with left ventricular assist systems

Despite significant efforts to predict and prevent right heart failure, it remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality after implantation of left ventricular assist systems (LVAS). In this Perspective, we review the underappreciated anatomic and physiologic principles that govern the relationship between left and right heart function and contribute to this phenomenon. This includes the importance of considering the right ventricle (RV) and pulmonary arterial circuit as a coupled system; the contribution of the left ventricle (LV) to RV contractile function and the potential negative impact of acutely unloading the LV; the influence of the pericardium and ventricular twist on septal function; the role of RV deformation in reduced mechanical efficiency after device placement; and the potential of ongoing stressors of an elevated right-sided preload. We believe an appreciation of these complex issues is required to fully understand the expression of the unique phenotypes of right heart failure after LVAS implantation and for developing better prognostic and therapeutic strategies.
Secondary sarcomas after radiation in patients with breast cancer

10072 Background: Studies have shown that radiation (RT) predisposes patients with breast cancer (BCa) to develop a secondary sarcoma (SS). Few have analyzed recent incidence trends or have been po...
The Julia Child of Chinese Cooking, or the Fu Pei-mei of French Food?: Comparative Contexts of Female Culinary Celebrity

Fu Pei-mei (1931–2004), cookbook author and television personality in postwar Taiwan, was often called the “Julia Child of Chinese Cooking.” While Child sought to introduce American audiences to the unfamiliar tastes and traditions of French cuisine, Fu was demonstrating Chinese cooking to a new generation of postwar housewives in Taiwan, who needed her expertise and guidance in the kitchen. Fu authored more than thirty cookbooks, many of which were bilingual Chinese-English, and hosted Taiwan television9s first instructional program on Chinese cooking for almost four decades, beginning in 1962. From a political vantage point, Fu9s culinary talent, linguistic skills, and gracious demeanor perfectly filled the existing needs of the ruling Nationalist Party on Taiwan. Fu9s comprehensive survey of Chinese regional cuisines united an otherwise fractious and fragile postwar nation. Yet Fu would not have attained the level of popularity that she did, had she not also connected deeply with her female audience. Over decades of dramatic social change for women in Taiwan, Fu embraced both the practical and emotional needs of ordinary housewives and career women alike, who sought out her expert guidance in the onerous daily task of feeding their families. This article compares the political, gender, and media contexts of Child9s and Fu9s culinary careers, in order to highlight the distinctive impact each had on millions of television viewers and would-be home cooks.
Oryzomys nigripes (Rato do cacau; Ratinho-praga)

Oryzomys nigripes presents an intraspecific chromosomal variation due to a pericentric inversion involving the 3rd autosomal pair identified by banding techniques.
Factors affecting blood levels of vitamin A

The predominant retinoid in the fasting circulation is retinol, all of which is bound to its specific plasma transport protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP) [1, 2]. Although retinol accounts for approximately 95 to 99% of all retinoid in the circulation, other retinoids also are present. Fasting human and rodent blood contains very low levels of both all-trans- and 13-cis-retinoic acid (approximately 0.2 to 0.7% of those of retinol) [3], as well as low levels of retinyl esters in lipoprotein fractions, particularly very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) [4]. Soluble glucuronides of both retinol and retinoic acid are also detectable in the circulation of humans and rodents [5], as are provitamin A carotenoids like β-carotene which can be converted by enzymes present in many tissues to retinoids [3]. These pathways are summarized diagramatically in Figure 1.
549. Weight and BMI Changes in HIV-Infected Virologically Suppressed Adults after Switching to an Elvitegravir- or Dolutegravir-Containing Regimen

Background Weight gain in patients with HIV infection taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) is of great concern, given the increased risk of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in this population. Recent reports suggest that weight gain may be associated with a new ART class, the integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs). The effect of the INSTIs elvitegravir and dolutegravir on weight and BMI in virologically suppressed patients with HIV infection has not been fully elucidated.
Magnetoplasma Effects in Solids

In the presence of a periodic potential electrons are no longer described by the simple free electron dispersion law e=ħ2k2/2m. The electronic spectrum is divided into energy bands, and there is an arbitrary function \( {\varepsilon _n}\left( {\vec k} \right)\) describing the dispersion law for the nth energy band. The presence of a dc magnetic field can actually lead to transitions from one band to another. This effect is known as magnetic breakthrough, and it occurs only for bands separated by very small energy gaps in the presence of a large applied magnetic field. We shall ignore this effect in our treatment of mag-netoplasma effects in solids1.
The impact of body mass index on one-year mortality after spinal cord injury

Objective: Evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and one-year mortality among people who survived the first 90 days after spinal cord injury (SCI).Design: Cohort study.Setti...
Incision and Drainage of Perianal Abscess

This chapter describes the technical aspects of perianal abscess incision and drainage including patient positioning, instrumentation, type of incision, and steps of the procedure. The authors also offer pearls and pitfalls.
Major Venous Injury During Repair of Abdominal Aortic and Iliac Aneurysm

Open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm and bilateral common iliac aneurysm was complicated by common iliac vein injury. Venous repair was complicated by venous thrombosis. Predisposing factors for venous injury and management of such injuries are described.
Delineating the Transnational Network Agenda-Setting Model of Mainstream Newspapers and Twitter: A Machine-Learning Approach

The months-long anti-extradition bill movement in Hong Kong has gained worldwide attention. Grounded in the network agenda-setting (NAS) model, this study utilizes a machine-learning approach to an...
Nb-based superconducting silicon interconnect fabric for cryogenic electronics

Author(s): Yang, YT; Hu, C; Zhang, P; Shakoorzadeh, N; Ni, N; Wang, KL; Iyer, SS | Abstract: Quantum computing for real world applications requires large arrays of qubits. This requires advanced integration technologies. In this work, we propose a simple integration method with fine interconnect pitch (10 μm) and close spacing that can overcome the large input and output (I/O) and high wiring level requirements of very large scale of quantum circuits. A system-on-wafer (SoW) packaging concept called superconducting silicon interconnect fabric (superconducting-IF), based on silicon interconnect fabric (Si-IF), is proposed, with the help of a Au interlayer technology onto the superconducting-IF. The fine-pitch and die-to-wafer-scale Au interlayer is the first demonstration of direct metal-metal thermocompression bonding (TCB) that is optimized for superconducting applications without the use of solders. The developed Au interlayer integration technology is demonstrated to be Josephson-junction-compatible (l150 C), mechanically robust (g30 MPa), and electrically reliable down to 2 K. The mechanical strength of the Au interlayer integration method is optimized through shear tests with a shear force around 150 N on 2 2 mm2 dies. The transition temperature (Tc) of Nb, which is at 9 K, is experimentally verified to be unchanged after each fabrication process. Electrical and temperature cycling measurements on over 20 bonded dies of large-pitch Kelvin structures as well as fine-pitch daisy chain structures reveal reliable connections in the low-temperature regime. This work pushes quantum computing a step closer to realize its potential through 3D integration of a very large scale of quantum circuits with a high density of I/O (g10 000 per mm2) as well as high wiring capability and without introducing lossy amorphous dielectrics.
Elderly Patients Benefit From Enhanced Recovery Protocols After Colorectal Surgery.

Abstract Background Enhanced recovery protocols (ERAS) aim to decrease physiological stress response to surgery and maintain postoperative physiological function. Proponents of ERAS state these protocols decrease lengths of stay (LOS) and complication rates. Our aim was to assess whether elderly patients receive the same benefit as younger patients using ERAS protocols. Methods We queried patients from 2015 to 2017 at our institution with Enhanced Recovery in Surgery (ERIN) variables from the targeted colectomy NSQIP database. The patients were divided into sextiles and analyzed for readmission, LOS, return of bowel function, tolerating diet, mobilization, and multimodal pain management comparing the youngest sextile to the oldest sextile. Results Two hundred sixty-two patients (73% colectomies) were enrolled in ERAS. When compared with the youngest sextile (age 19-43.8), the oldest sextile (age 71.4-92.5) had similar readmission rates at 9.8% versus 9.5% (P-value = 0.87), quicker return of bowel function, average 1.9 d versus 3.7 d (P-value Conclusion Overall, elderly patients fared better or the same on the ERIN variables analyzed than the younger cohort. ERAS protocols are beneficial and applicable to elderly patients undergoing colorectal surgery.
Membership Inference on Word Embedding and Beyond.

In the text processing context, most ML models are built on word embeddings. These embeddings are themselves trained on some datasets, potentially containing sensitive data. In some cases this training is done independently, in other cases, it occurs as part of training a larger, task-specific model. In either case, it is of interest to consider membership inference attacks based on the embedding layer as a way of understanding sensitive information leakage. But, somewhat surprisingly, membership inference attacks on word embeddings and their effect in other natural language processing (NLP) tasks that use these embeddings, have remained relatively unexplored. In this work, we show that word embeddings are vulnerable to black-box membership inference attacks under realistic assumptions. Furthermore, we show that this leakage persists through two other major NLP applications: classification and text-generation, even when the embedding layer is not exposed to the attacker. We show that our MI attack achieves high attack accuracy against a classifier model and an LSTM-based language model. Indeed, our attack is a cheaper membership inference attack on text-generative models, which does not require the knowledge of the target model or any expensive training of text-generative models as shadow models.
The economic history of commodity market development

Abstract Trade and division of labour have been a key source of economic growth throughout human history and they have been widely researched, within the constraints of the available data. This chapter surveys the twin literatures on trade (based on quantity data) and market integration (based on price data). The first section outlines the development of commodity markets in the very long run, as measured by growth of trade and convergence of prices. Then, it discusses the contribution of technical progress in transportation and of changes (downward but also upward) in barriers to trade to these changes. The last section reviews the literature on effects od the development of markets. Scholars have made good progress in estimating the static benefits on welfare but the work on the dynamic effects is just beginning.
The Integrator complex regulates microRNA abundance through RISC loading

MicroRNA (miRNA) homeostasis is crucial for the post-transcriptional regulation of their target genes and miRNA dysregulation has been linked to multiple diseases, including cancer. The molecular mechanisms underlying miRNA biogenesis from processing of primary miRNA transcripts to formation of mature miRNA duplex are well understood1-4. Loading of miRNA duplex into members of the Argonaute (Ago) protein family, representing the core of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), is pivotal to miRNA-mediated gene silencing5-7. The Integrator complex has been previously shown to be an important regulator of RNA maturation, RNA polymerase II pause-release, and premature transcriptional termination8-11. Here, we report that loss of Integrator results in global diminution of mature miRNAs. By incorporating 4-Thiouridine (s4U) in nascent transcripts, we traced miRNA fate from biogenesis to stabilization and identified Integrator to be essential for proper miRNA assembly into RISC. Enhanced UV crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (eCLIP) of Integrator confirms a robust association with mature miRNAs. Indeed, Integrator potentiates Ago2-mediated cleavage of target RNAs. These findings highlight an essential role for Integrator in miRNA abundance and RISC function.
The Neuropsychological Assessment Process

When a practitioner begins an assessment there are three major parts to the evaluation. These sections include the intake interview, the assessment, and the feedback. Each of these areas will be described in greater detail as well as the mechanics of neuropsychological report writing.
Hypertrophie und Dilatation der Herzkammern

Die Dilatation einer Herzkammer ist haufig ein Ereignis, welches das Herz in die Lage versetzt, sich einer veranderten Situation anzupassen. Sie kann verschiedene Grunde haben. Zunachst fuhrt ein vermehrter Zustrom zum Herzen (bei arteriovenosen Anastomosen, beim offenen Ductus arteriosus, nach ausgiebigen intravenosen Infusionen) zu einer starkeren Herzfullung und zu einer Vermehrung der Residualblutmenge am Ende der Systole. Die sich daraus ergebende erhohte Anspannung der Muskelfasern hat (nach dem Starling’schen Gesetz) eine kraftigere Kontraktion zur Folge, und innerhalb weniger Schlage hat sich das Herz an die starkere Fullung angepast. Die zuruckbleibende Dilatation ist minimal. Auf diese Weise bewaltigt der linke Ventrikel seine vermehrte Fullung bei einer Mitral- oder Aorteninsuffizienz. Wenn das Herz gegen einen erhohten Widerstand zu arbeiten hat (Hypertonie, Aortenstenose), entsteht eine andere Dilatationsform. Unter solchen Umstanden wird die Residualblutmenge groser; die resultierende starkere Fullung fuhrt zu einer kraftigeren Systole. Die zunachst verminderte Herzleistung wird rasch wieder normal. Innerhalb weniger Wochen entwickelt sich dann sekundar eine Hypertrophie. Bleibt diese jedoch aus, so nimmt die Dilatation zu.
Analysis and Classification of Mammography Reports Using Maximum Variation Sampling

Currently, no automated means of detecting abnormal mammograms exist. While knowledge discovery capabilities through data mining and data analytics tools are widespread in many industries, the healthcare industry as a whole lags far behind. Providers are only just beginning to recognize the value of data mining as a tool to analyze patient care and clinical outcomes [8]. The research conducted by the authors investigates the use of genetic algorithms for classification of unstructured mammography reports, which can be later correlated to the images for extraction and testing.
The health status burden of people with fibromyalgia: a review of studies that assessed health status with the SF-36 or the SF-12.

Summary Objective: The current review describes how the health status profile of people with fibromyalgia (FM) compares to that of people in the general population and patients with other health conditions. Methods: A review of 37 studies of FM that measured health status with the 36-item Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) or the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). Results: Studies performed worldwide showed that FM groups were significantly more impaired than people in the general population on all eight health status domains assessed. These domains include physical functioning, role functioning difficulties caused by physical problems, bodily pain, general health, vitality (energy vs. fatigue), social functioning, role functioning difficulties caused by emotional problems and mental health. FM groups had mental health summary scores that fell 1 standard deviation (SD) below the general population mean, and physical health summary scores that fell 2 SD below the general population mean. FM groups also had a poorer overall health status compared to those with other specific pain conditions. FM groups had similar or significantly lower (poorer) physical and mental health status scores compared to those with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, myofacial pain syndrome, primary Sjogren's syndrome and others. FM groups scored significantly lower than the pain condition groups mentioned above on domains of bodily pain and vitality. Health status impairments in pain and vitality are consistent with core features of FM. Conclusions: People with FM had an overall health status burden that was greater in magnitude compared to people with other specific pain conditions that are widely accepted as impairing.
Current events periodicals and business ethics

This essay argues that the use of current events periodicals may be of great use in the management and business ethics classroom. The advantages include, but are not limited to, (1) the demonstration of the relevance of often highly theoretical class material, (2) an opportunity to apply theory and thus demonstrate understanding and internalization of the theory, (3) the provision of concrete examples as points of reference for materials, and (4) the development and reinforcement of the vital habit of reading periodicals and keeping up with business events.
Growth and development of the mouse retinal pigment epithelium. I. Cell and tissue morphometrics and topography of mitotic activity.

Abstract A computer-assisted morphometric and kinetic analysis of retinal pigment epithelium (PE) development was carried out in C 57 BL 6 J and hybrid mice from Embryonic Day 13 (E13) to Postnatal Day 250 (P250). Total cell number rose from 14,000 at E15 at the rate of about 4000 cells/day to P1 and then at about 1500 cells/day to reach a stable level of 54,000 cells at P15. Compared to the 4-fold rise in cell number, PE area increased about 10-fold, in part through cell hypertrophy which continued beyond P15. Cell concentration increased with distance from the optic nerve head during development, but the gradient disappeared by P20 except for a consistent population of small cells around the optic nerve head and a late-appearing population of very large cells at the ora serrata. Binucleate cells constitute 2.1% of the PE cell population at P1 and 26% at P30, almost all of them located in the posterior 75% of the PE where they comprise 70% of the cell population at some radial positions. Mitotic cells, detected by fluorescent monoclonal antibody R3, are distributed across the entire PE at E13. As the eye grows the mitotic zone occupies a progressively smaller and more distal proportion of the increasing radius; by P5 only the region near the ora serrata is highly active, with some additional mitotic cells trailing into a broad central zone. From P7 to P15 nuclear divisions persist only centrally to generate the youngest uninucleate and binucleate cells. The mouse PE thus shows a pattern of edge-biased interstitial growth (in contrast to amphibians with strict edge growth).
9 Shaken, Not Stirred: The Revolution in Archaeology

A generation of archaeologists has shown that gender stereotyping has impeded our ability to understand the political economy, social organization, and cultural changes that are reflected in archaeological data. But feminist archaeology has also shown that to understand the past we could not simply “add women and stir”; that researching gender would require interrogating a great deal of received wisdom and might ultimately challenge some of our most cherished anthropological and ethnographic categories. By studying gender in the past we were not trying to place women within the standard anthropological framework of understanding, we were trying to shake the framework. The important contributions to this volume come from some of the first young scholars to be born into that shaken framework; each providing new perspectives, new interpretations, and new insights into the lives of ancient people that expand not only what we perceive about the past, but also what we can understand about ourselves.
The Optical Identification of Faint Microwave Sources

We have recently completed two very sensitive surveys with the VLA at 8.4 GHz in multi-color HST fields, including the Hubble Deep Field. Of the 55 optical galaxies with detectable radio emission, 40% appear to be interacting or merging, while the remaining galaxies are a combination of late-type/AGN’s and local field spirals. We find no evidence for a turn-over in the in the radio source counts to the faintest levels (∼1 μJy). Sources ≤ 10 μy may be located at significantly higher redshifts (z > 3), than those selected at higher flux densities (z ∼ 0.5). In fact, there is evidence that one of the microJy sources discovered in our deep surveys maybe at z >6. We discuss the evolutionary history of faint radio sources, and the physical mechanisms which may be driving their rapid evolution.
Party Systems in Latin America after the Third Wave: A Critical Re-assessment:

This essay calls for a more nuanced analysis of the evolution of party systems in Latin America. First, I contend that the general impression that party systems are collapsing in Latin America and that processes of partisan and electoral dealignment are affecting most countries in the region is incorrect. Second, I argue that the changes in the party systems (e.g. strategic moderation) often facilitated the processes of democratic consolidation in many Latin American countries. Finally, I discuss the positive impact the recent transformations of Latin American party systems have on political representation in the region, by showing that formerly excluded groups – especially indigenous groups – have been integrated into the political system.
College Students' Perceptions of How Instructors Establish and Enhance Credibility Through Self-Disclosure

The purpose of this study was to examine how college students consider their instructors to (a) establish their credibility (i.e., character, caring, and competence) through their in-class self-disclosure and (b) enhance their credibility through their in-class self-disclosure. Participants (N = 67) were undergraduate college students who participated in one of nine focus groups. The results indicated that instructors establish credibility by effectively self-disclosing information that is relevant to the students or the course material. Students want instructors to continue this practice, and also suggest that instructors be aware of the timing of their self-disclosures.
Relation between the memory gradient method and the Fletcher-Reeves method

The minimization of a function of unconstrained variables is considered using the memory gradient method. It is shown that, for the particular case of a quadratic function, the memory gradient algorithm and the Fletcher-Reeves algorithm are identical.
Periodically poled lithium niobate optical parametric amplifiers pumped by high-power passively Q-switched microchip lasers.

High-power passively Q-switched microchip lasers produce 157-µJ pulses of 1-ns duration in a single-frequency, diffraction-limited output beam. The unfocused 1.064-µm output of these devices has been used to drive periodically poled lithium niobate optical parametric amplifiers at wavelengths between 1.4 and 4.3 µm. With a peak conversion efficiency of nearly 100%, these devices generate 100-kW, subnanosecond pulses in the mid IR, with a beam quality that is better than two times diffraction limited.
Noninvasive picoliter volume thermometry based on backscatter interferometry

Using the on-chip refractive index (RI) detector based on backscatter interferometry, sensitive, small volume, noninvasive thermometry can be performed. The current optical configuration for the on-chip interferometric backscatter detector (OCIBD) is quite simple and consists of an unfocused laser, an unaltered chip with a hemispherical channel and a photodetector. Alignment is straightforward with the only requirement being that the beam fully fills the channel. The interaction of an unfocused laser beam with the uncoated etched channel with a curvature within the silica plate (chip) produces fringes whose positional changes scale with respect to the refractive index (RI), n, of the fluid in the channel. Due to the inherently high value of dn/dT for most fluids and the high sensitivity of OCIBD to RI changes, the measurement of small temperature variations in sub-nanoliter volumes is possible. Performing OCIBD with a 75 microm diameter laser beam on a silica chip that contains an etched channel with a 40 microm radius facilitates noninvasive thermometry on a N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-(2-ethanesulfonic acid) (HEPES) solution in a 188 x 10(-12) L probe volume with a temperature resolution of 9.9 x 10(-4) degrees C, at the 99% confidence level.
The national schizophrenia fellowship: A British self-help group

The National Schizophrenia Fellowship is a British self-help group whose clientele is composed mainly of parents of schizophrenics. In 1980, the NSF had 140 branches in the U. K. and a total membership of 3300 families. The major self-help activity centers around the monthly branch meetings which are of two general varieties: a guest speaker followed by discussion and meetings devoted to discussion of personal problems of members. Although schizophrenia sufferers are admitted to membership, they are a small minority and there appears to be some question as to whether the mix of parents and sufferers is a productive one. The survey of the branch membership indicated a predominance of parents of schizophrenia sufferers, mainly middle-aged, mainly female and mainly middle class. Members tend to join for an indefinite period and the average length of membership of present members is close to four years. The major purposes of the group are seen to be: to offer mutual support to the parents of schizophrenics; to gain information about the illness and to obtain practical advice and help with specific problems. Attitudes towards professionals in general and psychiatrists in particular were amibivalent. Psychiatrists were often identified as distant, uncommunicative and unhelpful figures with whom a positive relationship was difficult. On the other hand, about 60% of the respondents rated professionals as very useful or useful. Using a help-giving activity scale devised by Leon H. Levy (1979), group processes identified by the NSF members which most characterize their interaction were Empathy, Sharing, Self-disclosure, Explanation, Behavioral prescription, Encouragement of sharing, Justification, Behavioral proscription and Functional analysis. The emphasis in group interaction thus was on mutual support, cognitive analysis of problems and practical advice giving. Activities not characteristic of the group were confrontational, punitive and hostile tactics. Also eschewed were “psychotherapeutic” methods which bear the implication that the problem resides in the member rather than in his unfortunate circumstances, which is reasonable in view of the composition of the membership.
A Generalization of the Geselowitz Relationship Useful in Impedance Plethysmographic Field Calculations

The Geselowitz relationship, valid only for volumes of fixed geometry and static or quasi-static sources, is extended to volumes of fluctuating geometry and nonquasi-static sinusoidal sources. The special case of filamentous sinusoidal sources is considered and the Geselowitz relationship is regained for the case of a fixed volume conductor in a quasi-static or static field.
Outcomes Research in the Global Environment Learning From Each Other

As the United Nations and the world recognize the global importance of noncommunicable disease, with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease at the forefront,1 it is an opportune time to declare the commitment of Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes to serve as a resource to the international community and as a welcoming venue for international content. In the interest of collaborative learning, the Journal seeks high-quality research articles and commentaries that will generate global interest. The pursuit of patient-centered care and policies that can help individuals to optimize their quality of life and achieve the health outcomes that they desire—the foundation on which outcomes research is built—knows no borders. All countries seek value for their health care investments. All countries need information about what is being achieved by health care decisions and policies and how improvements can be realized. What is the record for publication of articles from international contributors during the first 2 years of Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes ? The Journal has published 312 as of this issue, and 48 of those were from investigators affiliated with centers outside of the United States. Canada led the international field with 18 articles, followed by 6 from Australia (including 2 in the current issue), 5 from The Netherlands, 4 from the United Kingdom, and 3 from Sweden. Occasional contributions from authors in China, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Japan, Kuwait, and Spain have also been published. Unfortunately, the Journal's reach has not yet extended to some areas of the globe. The challenge for international authors is one of convincing the editors and reviewers that the contribution will advance the field and hold interest for our readership. This requirement applies to all authors but is …
Glass formation in and structural investigation of Li2S + GeS2 + GeO2 composition using Raman and IR spectroscopy

Abstract Li 2 S + GeS 2 + GeO 2 ternary glasses have been prepared and a wide glass-forming range was obtained. The glass transition temperatures increase with the GeO 2 concentration in the glasses. The vibrational modes of both bridging (Ge–S–Ge) and non-bridging (Ge–S − ) sulfurs are observed in Raman and IR spectra of binary Li 2 S + GeS 2 glasses. Additions of GeO 2 to this binary glass increase the bridging oxygen band (Ge–O–Ge) at the expense of decreasing the bridging sulfur band (Ge–S–Ge), whereas the bands associated with the non-bridging sulfurs (Ge–S − ) remain constant in intensity up to high GeO 2 concentrations. At higher concentrations of GeO 2 (⩾60%), the non-bridging oxygen band, which is not observed at low and intermediate GeO 2 concentrations, appears and grows stronger. From these observations, it is suggested that the added lithium ions favor the non-bridging sulfur sites over the oxygen sites to form non-bridging sulfurs, whereas the added oxygen prefers the higher field strength Ge 4+ cation to form bridging Ge–O–Ge bonds. The structural groups in the Li 2 S + GeS 2 + GeO 2 glasses that are consistent with results of Raman and IR spectra are described and are used to develop a structural model of these glasses.
NEW POPULATION MAPS OF UGANDA, KENYA, NYASALAND, AND GOLD COAST

IN 1954 I collaborated in the publication of a study on the population geography of humid tropical Africa' in which distribution of native people was represented on a smallscale dot map and a choropleth map. The data used in the construction of these maps were the latest available in early 1953. Because of the very small scale at which the two population maps of tropical Africa were reproduced, they were capable of exhibiting only the broader outlines of distribution, so that the text accompanying the maps focused upon only the larger elements of population arrangement. Most conspicuous on the small-scale population maps of tropical Africa referred to above is the fact that the African natives are concentrated in two widely separated general regions, one in western and the other in eastern tropical Africa, where the overall density is 10 to 100 persons per km2. These two regions of concentration are separated by a central African area where the average density is only 3.4 persons per km2. In the West AfricaSudan region the bulk of the inhabitants live within three large, discontinuous subregions, two of them coastal belts and the third an irregular and discontinuous one roughly paralleling the coast at a distance of 400-500 miles inland. The East African concentration, chiefly in the plateau area, is characterized by a highly complex alternation of spots of high and low density.2 With the assistance of graduate students an attempt has been made to analyze in greater detail the distributional elements of population in four of the political subdivisions of tropical Africa.3 One of these, the Gold Coast,
An optimum settling problem for time lag systesm

A solution is presented to an optimization problem for time lag systems by the classical method of Lagrange multipliers in a Banach space. Following terminology and assumption definitions, the regularity and controllability of the Lagrange multipliers problem is discussed, and a set of necessary conditions for an optimal control is derived. In conclusion, the solution existence, uniqueness, and sufficiency are established.
Influence of the etiology of pancreatitis on the natural history of pancreatic pseudocysts.

Abstract We reviewed our experience with 90 patients with pancreatic pseudocysts to determine if the cause of pancreatitis influenced the patients' outcome. Acute pancreatitis (AP) occurred in 57 (63%) patients due to alcoholic (n = 15), postoperative (n = 14), biliary (n = 12), and other etiologies (n = 16). Thirty-three (37%) patients had chronic pancreatitis (CP) secondary to alcohol use (n = 27) or other causes (n = 6). Multiple pseudocysts were significantly more frequent in patients with acute alcoholic pancreatitis than in patients with chronic pancreatitis (47% versus 19%, p
An approach to the phenanthrene nucleus via thionium ions and epoxyketone cyclizations

Abstract A sulfur version of a directed aldol-type condensation followed by a cyclization of an α,β-epoxyketone produces the phenanthrene nucleus, common in many natural products.
Understanding friends and strangers: The effects of audience design on message comprehension

Pairs of friends wrote descriptions of abstract stimuli for one another. Later, each subject attempted to identify the referents of three sets of messages: those created by the subject, those created by the friend, and those created by a stranger for his J her own friend. Subjects were most accurate with their own messages, but, more interestingly, they were more accurate with their friends' than with strangers' messages. The lexical characteristics and content of messages for friends were compared with those intended for a generic ‘other student’ or for oneself in Fussell and Krauss (1989). Contrary to our expectations, friends' messages were similar to those for another student in length, vocabulary distribution, and figurative language use, while both differed significantly from messages for oneself: The findings are discussed within a ‘common ground’ framework for communication.