cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Platelet-derived growth factor stimulation of [3H]-glucosamine incorporation in density-arrested BALB/c-3T3 cells.

G/sub 0//G/sub 1/ traverse in density-arrested BALB/c-3T3 cells is controlled by multiple serum-derived growth factors. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) initiates a proliferative response, whereas factors present in plasma facilitate progression through G/sub 0//G/sub 1/. In the absence of competence formation, progression factors are unable to stimulate cell cycle traverse. The authors have identified the stimulation of a biochemical process specific to competence formation in BALB/c-3T3 cells. PDGF treated BALB/c-3T3 cells incorporated 5-10 fold more (/sup 3/H)-glucosamine (GlcN) into acid-insoluble material as compared to platelet-poor plasma (PPP) treated cultures. Increased GlcN incorporation occurred in density-arrested BALB/c-3T3 cells in response to treatment with other competence factors, fibroblast growth factor, and Ca/sub 3/ (PO/sub 4/)/sub 2/ and was not due to cell-cycle traverse. Stimulation of (/sup 3/H)-GlcN incorporation by PDGF was time dependent, and increased incorporation of (/sup 3/H)-GlcN into protein required de novo protein synthesis. Several mechanisms through which PDGF could increase GlcN incorporation into cellular material were examined. Results of these studies suggest an increase in the cellular capacity to glycosylate proteins is a response to or a part of competence formation.
A Novel Idea for Self-Balancing Car Parks for Plug in Electric Vehicle Charging

Many existing studies seek to examine and mitigate possible impacts which plug in vehicle (PEV) charging will have on electric utilities. As PEVs increase in popularity, car parks will have to be built in order to allow for charging while away from home. Existing studies fail to consider the unbalance conditions in the distribution feeders to car parks during PEV charging. This paper presents an innovative idea to improve the unbalance conditions caused by a car park by reconfiguring PEV charger connections to a three-phase system. Although the developed algorithm is simple, results show its ability to balance the power among the phases. A car park is used as an example to show that balancing of the real power drawn by PEV chargers in a parking structure is a success.
Jury Trials and Gerrymanders: The Legal Effort to Maintain Segregation in July of 1957

(2006). Jury Trials and Gerrymanders: The Legal Effort to Maintain Segregation in July of 1957. The Historian: Vol. 68, No. 2, pp. 221-240.
Gas Chromatography Data Classification Based on Complex Coefficients of an Autoregressive Model

This paper introduces autoregressive (AR) modeling as a novel method to classify outputs from gas chromatography (GC). The inverse Fourier transformation was applied to the original sensor data, and then an AR model was applied to transform data to generate AR model complex coefficients. This series of coefficients effectively contains a compressed version of all of the information in the original GC signal output. We applied this method to chromatograms resulting from proliferating bacteria species grown in culture. Three types of neural networks were used to classify the AR coefficients: backward propagating neural network (BPNN), radial basis function-principal component analysis (RBF-PCA) approach, and radial basis function-partial least squares regression (RBF-PLSR) approach. This exploratory study demonstrates the feasibility of using complex root coefficient patterns to distinguish various classes of experimental data, such as those from the different bacteria species. This cognition approach also proved to be robust and potentially useful for freeing us from time alignment of GC signals.
Life history correlates of taxonomic diversity

One of the most pervasive, nonrandom evolutionary patterns is extreme domination of a taxon by one subtaxon or only a few subtaxa. Domination refers to taxonomic diversity and the fraction of the taxon that is classified in the most diverse subtaxon. We attempt to explain how subtaxa come to dominate their phyletic counterparts by examining correlations between taxonomic diversity and life history traits such as age of first reproduction, longevity, fecundity and partitioning of reproduction, and resource availability in a variety of vertebrate, invertebrate, and plant groups. Regardless of taxo- nomic group or rank, the number of taxa within an assemblage, or the school of taxonomy employed, diverse taxa were characterized by short generation time (early age of first reproduction and short life-span) and the ability to contact many resources (high mobility and high resource availability). We suggest that the intrinsic character of short generation time increases diversity because it promotes speciation and reduces extinction. Extrinsic factors such as resource availability and environmental complexity and variability may have a secondary influence on diversity by constraining or enhancing speciation for taxa
Handling randomness of multi-class Random Access loads in LTE-Advanced network supporting small data applications

Along with the further enhancement from Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) will provide more diversified mobile applications services. One of them is so-called “Small Data Applications (SDAs).” Due to the unique characteristic of SDA that each of SDAs will transmit merely a small data amount, the network should accommodate a large number of Random Access (RA) attempts every time each SDA has something to transmit. It is one of the most important issues in LTE-A networks to efficiently handle the heavy RA load caused by a huge number of SDAs. We consider two major candidate methods for RA preamble allocation and management. Our modeling and analysis can be utilized as a guideline to design efficient RA preamble resource management methods to accommodate new network traffic patterns caused by frequent transmissions of small data by mobile data applications.
The distribution of the active deposit of radium in an electric field (II)

(1913). LII. The distribution of the active deposit of radium in an electric field.—II. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 26, No. 154, pp. 623-635.
Bundling with X-rays

More than a century after its discovery, x-ray irradiation continues to profoundly impact a wide range of fields, from screening at airports to whole-body imaging diagnostics in health care ( 1 ). In the natural sciences, x-ray crystallography has clarified how the shapes of proteins and related complexes relate to their cellular function, and x-ray scattering has elucidated the structure and dynamics, mechanical properties, and intermolecular interactions of countless materials ( 2 – 5 ). On page 555 of this issue, Cui et al. ( 6 ) report a new twist in the application of x-ray scattering, where synchrotron x-ray irradiation, in addition to its usual role in probing structure, acts as a reversible switch for self-assembly from a disordered to an ordered state of bundled filaments (see the figure).
Hepatitis B e Antigen in the Absence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen

Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was detected by agar gel diffusion in the serum of four Ugandan adults (three patients with tropical splenomegaly syndrome and one healthy adult) who did not have detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by radioimmunoassay. Two of them had antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, and the other two had antibody to HBsAg. Detection of HBeAg by a relatively insensitive immunodiffusion test in the absence of HBsAg detectable by a sensitive radioimmunoassay suggested that production or removal of these two antigens may occur independently.
Variations on the theme of quantum optical coherence tomography: a review

We discuss the development of quantum optical coherence tomography (Q-OCT), an imaging modality with a number of potential applications. Although Q-OCT is not expected to replace its eminently successful classical cousin, optical coherence tomography (OCT), it does offer some advantages as a biological imaging paradigm. These include greater axial resolution and higher signal-to-background ratio, immunity to dispersion that can lead to deeper subsurface penetration, and nondestructive probing of light-sensitive samples. Q-OCT also serves as a quantum template for constructing classical systems that mimic its salutary properties.
Electron Spin Resonance and Electron Spin Echo Modulation Studies on Reducibility, Location, and Adsorbate Interactions of Ni(I) in Ni(II)-Exchanged SAPO-34

Electron spin resonance (ESR) and electron spin echo modulation (ESEM) spectroscopies were used to study the reducibility, location, and adsorbate interactions of Ni(I) in NiH−SAPO-34, in which Ni(II) was introduced into extraframework sites of SAPO-34 by partial ion exchange of H(I) by Ni(II). After dehydration at temperatures above 573 K as well as after γ-irradiation at 77 K, one nickel species assigned as isolated Ni(I) by ESR is observed. Along with the isolated Ni(I) species, a second species assigned to Ni(I)−(H2)n is also observed after hydrogen reduction at 573 K. Adsorption of water into reduced NiH−SAPO-34 forms an axially symmetric Ni(I)−(O2)n complex indicating water decomposition by Ni(I). Adsorption of methanol into reduced NiH−SAPO-34 forms two Ni(I)-methanol complexes suggested to be located at two different sites in the chabazite structure. Similarly, two Ni(I)−(C2D4)n complexes, the predominant one exhibiting axial symmetry and the other one having rhombic symmetry, are formed after eth...
An experimental study on the effect of ultrasonication on viscosity and heat transfer performance of multi-wall carbon nanotube-based aqueous nanofluids

Four samples of 1 wt% multi-walled carbon nanotube-based (MWCNT) aqueous nanofluids prepared via ultrasonication were thermally characterized. Direct imaging was done using a newly developed wet-TEM technique to assess the dispersion state of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in suspension. The effect of dispersing energy (ultrasonication) on viscosity, thermal conductivity, and the laminar convective heat transfer was studied. Results indicate that thermal conductivity and heat transfer enhancement increased until an optimum ultrasonication time was reached, and decreased on further ultrasonication. The suspensions exhibited a shear thinning behavior, which followed the Power Law viscosity model. The maximum enhancements in thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer were found to be 20% and 32%, respectively. The thermal conductivity enhancement increased considerably at temperatures greater than 24 °C. The enhancement in convective heat transfer was found to increase with axial distance. A number of mechanisms related to boundary layer thickness, micro-convective effect, particle rearrangement, possible induced convective effects due to temperature and viscosity variations in the radial direction, and the non-Newtonian nature of the samples are discussed.
Morphology of a Superfast' mid-ocean ridge crest and flanks: the east pacific rise, 7°-9°S

Detailed bathymetric data from a Hydrosweep multibeam sonar survey of a 250 km-long portion of the ‘superfast’-spreading southern East Pacific Rise crest and flanks show that the along-axis variation in morphology and axial depth differs significantly from that observed at the fast-spreading northern East Pacific Rise. While the deep mantle upwelling pattern is similar under the northern and southern East Pacific Rise, our observations require that the connectivity of the shallow, subcrestal plumbing system be more efficient beneath the ‘super-fast’ spreading southern East Pacific Rise than beneath the slower spreading northern East Pacific Rise.
Origin of stereoselectivity in the (4 + 3) cycloadditions of chiral alkoxy siloxyallyl cations with furan.

The mechanisms and stereoselectivities of (4 + 3) cycloadditions between chiral alkoxy siloxyallyl cations and furan are examined using density functional theory calculations. These cycloadditions are predicted to take place via stepwise mechanisms. The stereoselectivities of cycloadditions involving siloxyallyl cations derived from chiral α-methyl benzylic alcohols are controlled by two effects: minimization of steric repulsion between the α-Me group and the allyl group and attractive CH−π interactions between the furan and the aryl group.
Reduction behavior of metals supported on hydrous titanium oxide ion-exchange materials

Hydrous titanium oxide (HTO) ion-exchange materials provide a unique and versatile platform for obtaining high loadings of supported transition metal cations with essentially atomic dispersion. Strong interactions between the atomically dispersed metal cations and the support alter the reduction behavior of metal cations as compared to other support materials and preparation methods. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurements of the reduction of Rh, Ni, and Fe supported on HTO materials provide a representative cross section of possible behaviors. The results suggest that metals with high melting points and low surface mobility, such as Rh, Pt, and Pd, should retain high dispersions even after reduction at temperatures up to 300°C. Lower melting point metals such as Ni, Co, and Cu, that exhibit moderate heats of oxide formation, will likely undergo extensive sintering at temperatures above 250°C, largely negating the high dispersions characteristic of the freshly ion-exchanged state. Finally, lower melting point metals with very high heats of oxide formation, such as Fe and Cr, will be difficult to reduce due to unfavorable thermodynamics in the presence of the support. The results indicate that for certain types of metals, HTO support materials allow the preparation of catalysts with both high loadings and high metal dispersions. This capability provides a new pathway toward more efficient usage of expensive noble metals that is unavailable using conventional catalyst supports and preparation methods.
Compact Undulator for Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source

Motivated by the needs of Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), we developed and are now constructing a novel type of planar undulator magnet called CHESS Compact Undulator. The device consists of two pure permanent magnet (PPM) arrays mounted inside of a rectangular box-like frame on linear bearings providing magnet array motion along the beam axis. The outside frame dimensions are 156 mm 148 mm. Undulator is 1 meter long. It has 5 mm constant gap. The magnetic field strength is controlled by the array longitudinal motion (adjustable phase scheme). Magnetic structure has 24.4 mm period and maximum peak field 1.1 Tesla. The PM material is Nd-Fe-B of 40UH grade. The undulator magnet will be enclosed in a 273 (10.75") mm diameter cylindrical vacuum vessel while the driver mechanism responsible for moving the magnet array will be placed outside. The following sections describe mechanical and magnetic design of undulator and present results of the magnetic field measurement and evaluation of vacuum properties.
The Chemistry of Antigenic Components Isolated From Glomerular Basement Membrane

Fractions of varying molecular size and chemical composition were isolated from glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and characterized inimunochemically. Reduction and alkylation in 8 M urea results in a fraction (GRAU) with an amino acid and carbohydrate composition similar to the whole membrane. Antiserum to this fraction (anti-GRAU) gives two precipitin lines upon immunodiffusion. Reduction and alkylation in the absence of 8 M urea results in a fraction with significantly less hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine which gives two precipitin lines of identity with GRAU when reacted against anti-GRAU. One of these precipitin lines is given by a fraction which can be obtained either after extraction with 8 M urea or as the undigested residue after treatment of GBM with collagenase. This fraction has a molecular weight of over 200,000, has low amounts of hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine and a glucose to galactose ratio of 0.25. The second precipitin line is given by a smallmolecular weight glycoprotein which is r...
B cell-directed therapies for autoimmune disease and correlates of disease response and relapse.

Recent advances have led to the development of mAbs that effectively deplete B cells in human beings and target pathways essential for B-cell development. B cell–directed therapies represent promising treatments for autoimmune disorders, although many questions remain about their optimal use in the clinic. Autoantibody depletion correlates with the clinical effectiveness of these drugs in some diseases but not all. This finding implies that self-reactive B cells are playing important pathogenic roles in autoimmune disorders beyond the production of autoantibodies. Clinical studies of B cell–directed therapies are beginning to illuminate the effects of B-cell modulation on immune function using a variety of mechanistic approaches, including delineation of B-cell subsets by flow cytometry, measurement of serum autoantibodies and cytokines, and tests of immunocompetence. Recent clinical studies have been performed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and SLE suggesting the depletion of memory cells accounts at least in part for the clinical efficacy of rituximab therapy, but these findings, although provocative, require further investigation in larger cohorts. Memory B cells are not the only targets of depleting antibodies; therefore, other B-cell populations of therapeutic relevance may be modulated by these interventions. Moreover, pathologic B-cell responses may be favorably influenced by other targeted approaches such as those using anti–B-cell activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF) or anti-CD22 antibodies.
ELICITATION OF SUBJECTIVE PROBABILITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF DECISION-MAKING *

In this paper a framework is developed to seek information from the decision-maker about uncertain events, and to use this information for identifying a preferred alternative. It is shown how a preferred alternative can be identified with less than perfect knowledge of the probabilities.
Remarks on simulation of Boolean functions

Recently M. Morris Mano presented a method for performing Boolean OR, AND and NOT operations by means of arithmetic and conditional transfer operations in a decimal computer lacking builtin logical instructions [1]. When A, B, C are variables whose defined value is 0 or 1 and a, b, c are the corresponding integer variables with values 0 or 1, his Boolean OR was defined by:“The result of an OR operation of Boolean variables is the same as the arithmetic addition of the a, b, c integer variables after which the following test is made: (a) If the sum is equal to zero, the result is correct; (b) If the sum is larger than zero, the answer is 1.”
The SOSS1 single-stranded DNA binding complex promotes DNA end resection in concert with Exo1

The human SSB homologue 1 (hSSB1) has been shown to facilitate homologous recombination and double-strand break signalling in human cells. Here, we compare the DNA-binding properties of the SOSS1 complex, containing SSB1, with Replication Protein A (RPA), the primary single-strand DNA (ssDNA) binding complex in eukaryotes. Ensemble and single-molecule approaches show that SOSS1 binds ssDNA with lower affinity compared to RPA, and exhibits less stable interactions with DNA substrates. Nevertheless, the SOSS1 complex is uniquely capable of promoting interaction of human Exo1 with double-strand DNA ends and stimulates its activity independently of the MRN complex in vitro. Both MRN and SOSS1 also act to mitigate the inhibitory action of the Ku70/80 heterodimer on Exo1 activity in vitro. These results may explain why SOSS complexes do not localize with RPA to replication sites in human cells, yet have a strong effect on double-strand break resection and homologous recombination.
Children's evaluations of provocation between peers†

The present study examined children's evaluations of potentially conflictual situations between peers. Eight-and 11-year-olds evaluated two hypothetical target children in three scenarios which differed as to the intent of a provocative act (Accidental, Ambiguous, Hostile). In addition to grade and sex, relationship between targets was manipulated as a between-subjects variable with targets portrayed as either Best Friends Acquaintances, or Enemies. Children evaluated targets in terms of attributions of intentions, behavior response, affective state of targets, and mutual liking between targets. Results indicated that aggressor's intentions and victim's behavior response were evaluated as positive for the Accidental scenario and as negative for the Hostile scenario regardless of target relationship. When aggressor's intentions were unclear (e.g., Ambiguous), interactions between Best Friends and interactions between Acquaintances were evaluated as positive while interactions between Enemies were perceived as negative. Further, while all children predicted a negative response by the victim during the Hostile situation, younger children predicted the victim's response would be less negative than did older children. Children reported Best Friends and Acquaintances as liking each other more before the provocation situation started than after it occurred while liking between Enemies remained unchanged, thus indicating a belief that provocations may hurt a positive or neutral relationship. Targets were perceived to be in negative affective states during the Accidental and Ambiguous scenarios and the aggressor was perceived to be in a neutral affective state during the Hostile scenario. Results are discussed in terms of previous research on response to provocation and implications for research on children's peer conflicts.
Method And Analysis For Obtaining A Dual Representation Of Images

A means for obtaining both a rectangular and a log-spiral representation of images is examined. A method which utilizes a single CCD imager is examined in detail. The method uses a pixel combination process to form the log-spiral representation. The additional circuitry which is necessary to perform this combination process is discussed. The combination process used forms a log-spiral representation which is distorted. A means for quantifying this distortion is developed. Variations of the general method are considered in which the geometry of the CCD imager's photosen-sors are varied. A CCD imager with square, rectangular, and triangular shaped pixels is considered. To compare the different methods the amount of distortion introduced to the log-spiral representation is determined by direct calculation for each of the camera configurations. The results suggest that a camera with varied pixel shapes could form a log-spiral representation with less distortion.
On the perception of a class of bilaterally symmetric forms

Two experiments were performed to determine the manner in which people perceive a class of bilaterally symmetric forms. In the first experiment, paired, comparison dissimilarity judgments and unidimensional single stimulus ratings were collected from the Ss. The second experiment involved the collecting of semantic differential and paired comparison dissimilarity judgments from two groups of Ss. The judgments and ratings from both experiments were compared to each other and to a set of objective measures of the forms by a series of multivariate statistical techniques. It was found that three primary attributes, orientation, convexity-concavity, and curvature, accounted for the perceptual reports, but the manner in which the attributes were used differed for different response procedures and for the same response on different occasions.
The inhibitory effect of interferon on a temperature-sensitive mutant of moloney murine leukemia virus

Abstract Murine leukemia virus (MuLV) ts3 is a temperature-sensitive mutant of Moloney MuLV which harbors a defect in a late stage of virus assembly. Cells chronically infected with ts3 accumulate budding virus particles on the plasma membrane when incubated at the nonpermissive temperature. Interferon has been shown to inhibit the production of oncornaviruses and a similar late stage of virus assembly has been suggested as the site of interferon action. In this study, the temporal relationship between the two inhibitions was examined. It was found that the process of virus assembly affected by the inhibitory action of interferon preceded that affected by the temperature-sensitive defect. Analysis of virus yields by multiple parameters indicated that interferon treatment at the nonpermissive temperature resulted in the release of noninfectious viral particles.
The Optimum Number of OSPF Areas for MANETs

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are a critical technology in tilling the gap where the network infrastructure is insufficient or does not exist at all. The dynamic topology of MANET requires relatively large control overhead which impedes the scalability of the network. Recently, adapting a widely-used Internet protocol such as Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) for MANETs has been actively investigated to benefit from its maturity, interoperability, and scalability. To enhance the scalability of OSPF, several extensions have been proposed including flooding backbone, differential hollos, smart peering, and distance effect. However, most of the existing work is based on the assumption of single OSPF area. In this paper, we present promising results from employing multiple OSPF areas as an efficient mean to enhance the scalability of MANETs. A novel analytical model is developed to capture the relationship between the number of areas and the flooding overhead. We perform theoretical analysis to show that there exists an optimum number of areas that minimizes the overhead. By using areas, the overhead can be significantly reduced (in some cases by 95%). The analytical results are verified with detailed simulation experiments. Finally, several candidate dynamic area formation schemes are investigated with different mobility models. The results show that the optimum number of areas has an even greater impact on the scalability of the scenarios with higher degree of realism.
A qualitative study of barriers to postpartum sterilization and women's attitudes toward unfulfilled sterilization requests.

Abstract Background This longitudinal, qualitative study explores barriers to postpartum sterilization from the perspective of low-income minority women. We examine women's feelings and attitudes regarding a canceled or postponed procedure over time. Study Design We conducted structured, in-depth baseline interviews with 34 postpartum women with unfulfilled sterilization requests in a university hospital setting. Follow-up phone interviews were conducted at 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum. Results Reasons for unfulfilled sterilization requests included last-minute misgivings, maternal medical complications, lack of a valid Medicaid consent form, fear of the procedure and provider influence. Sense of autonomy regarding sterilization decision making and ability to obtain interval sterilization or initiate and/or successfully use reversible contraception influenced subsequent attitudes regarding an unfulfilled request. Conclusions Sterilization counseling should include comprehensive information regarding the surgical procedure and associated risks and the development of a backup contraceptive plan, with particular emphasis on increasing contraceptive self-efficacy and autonomy in sterilization decision making.
Location of Firms with Input Transactions

The locations of two firms with input-output linkages are studied. First, from a study of the equilibrium locations it is shown that there are generally an infinite number of equilibrium locational patterns for such a system, and it is argued that the actual equilibrium locations can only be determined by considering the dynamic process of the equilibrium. Then, the optimal locations are obtained, and compared with equilibrium locations. A mechanical model and a programming model are proposed to obtain the optimal locations and the equilibrium locations, respectively.
The Cornell high luminosity upgrade

Abstract The Cornell University electron storage ring is starting on a staged, four year upgrade program to attain luminosities of greater than 10 33 cm −2 s −1 . The CLEO II detector will be upgraded immediately with a silicon vertex detector and will be taking data during CESR Phase II at a luminosity of about 6 × 10 32 cm −2 s −1 (accumulating a data set of about 20 fb −1 ). During 1998 CESR will be upgraded to Phase III and CLEO will get all new tracking and particle identification at high momenta. CLEO III will start accumulating data at about 10 fb −1 /yr.
Disclosing unwanted sexual experiences: results from a national sample of adolescent women ☆ ☆☆

Abstract Objective: The aims of this study are to identify factors that influence the disclosures made by female survivors of unwanted sexual experiences (USE) in childhood and adolescence. The predictors of both the timing of disclosure (short delay, long delay, non-disclosure) and the recipient of the disclosure (disclosing ever to an adult, disclosing to peers only, non-disclosure) were investigated. Participant characteristics, USE characteristics, and family contextual variables were explored. Method: A sub-sample of 263 adolescent females who reported unwanted sexual experiences in the National Survey of Adolescents (NSA) provided data on the characteristics of their experience as well as the timing and recipients of disclosure. Two multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine significant predictors of each aspect of disclosure. Results: Age of onset, a known perpetrator, a familial relationship with the perpetrator, and a history of drug abuse in the household are related to the timing of disclosure. Age of onset, penetration, fear for one’s life during the USE, injury during the USE, family structure, and the age differential between the survivor and the perpetrator are linked to the recipient of the disclosure. Conclusion: Age is a critical variable in the disclosure process. Whereas aspects of the abuse experience were more important in predicting whom a victim would tell, the relationship to the perpetrator was more important in deciding to delay disclosure. As survivors grow into adolescence, the importance of peers provides a source of support that becomes increasingly important in decisions to disclose.
DETERGENT FOAM IMAGES AS ANALOGUE/DIGITAL MODEL FLUIDS. 1. PHASE BEHAVIOR AND EFFECTIVE PAIR POTENTIALS

Detergent foam images are investigated as analogue/digital (A/D) models for simple fluids. Results of foam preparation/image processing experiments with quasi-two-dimensional systems are illustrated. In the analysis, the pair and triplet correlation functions, g(r) and ξ(ϑ,s;r), are measured for the vertexes of plateau border networks. The phase morphology is characterized by the amplitude and extent of oscillations in g(r). Effective pair potentials u(r) are calculated via the lowest order equation in the Born−Yvon−Green hierarchy. The u(r) are further investigated via Monte Carlo calculations and the Morse function. The experimental data are used to calculate the pair correlation entropy and the compressibility factor as functions of particle number density. These and other observables enable comparisons between the model systems and real atomic fluids. Overall, the results show foam images to mimic fluid structure at the atomic level in several respects. For the experimental conditions discussed, succe...
Revelations of cultural consumer lovemaps in Jamaican dancehall lyrics: An ethnomusicological ethnography

We believe that dancehall music’s more sexually explicit lyrics, labeled “slack” and maligned as evocatively misogynist, homophobic and xenophobic, mirror historically discordant social and economic tensions that entangle men and women in contested couplings, and thus render sexuality an instrument of socioeconomic power. Applying an ethnomusicological analysis, this paper fills a void by situating the slack Jamaican dancehall/ DJ lyrics within a revitalizing indigenization socialization perspective. By probing the cultural roots of this increasingly popular yet disparaged musical tradition that disturbs moral etiquette, we hear sexual bravado and counsel on love that betray important gender codes. For a particular social class, gender socialization nurtures a cultural consumer lovemap inscribed by a harsh economy during a particular point in time.
Photochemical Synthesis of Simple Organic Free Radicals on Simulated Planetary Surfaces - an ESR Study

Electron spin resonance spectroscopy provided evidence for formation of hydroxyl radicals during ultraviolet photolysis (254 nm) at − 170°C of H2O adsorbed on silica gel or of silica gel alone. The carboxyl radical was observed when CO or CO2 or a mixture of CO and CO2 adsorbed on silica gel at − 170°C was irradiated. The ESR signals of these radicals slowly disappeared when the irradiated samples were warmed to room temperature. However, re-irradiation of CO or CO2, or the mixture CO and CO2 on silica gel at room temperature then produced a new species, the carbon dioxide anion radical, which slowly decayed and which was identical with that produced by direct photolysis of formic acid adsorbed on silica gel. The primary photochemical process may involve formation of hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals by means of (1) photodissociation of H2O physically adsorbed on the silica gel, or (2) absorption of the excitation energy by the silica gel surface with subsequent cleavage of the silanol bonds, or (3) dissociation of H2O molecules through photosensitization by the surfaces or a combination of (1) to (3). Subsequent reactions of these radicals with adsorbed CO or CO2 or both yield carboxyl radicals, CO2H, the precursors of formic acid. Our results confirm the formation of formic acid under simulated Martian conditions and provide a mechanistic basis for gauging the potential importance of gas-solid photochemistry for chemical evolution on other extraterrestrial bodies, on the primitive earth and on dust grains in the interstellar medium.
Alterations in tissue thyroxine-5'-monodeiodinating activity in perinatal period.

We studied in vitro conversion of T4 to T3 by liver and kidney homogenates of maternal and fetal (or neonatal) sheep sacrificed before the onset of labor (control, group I), during labor (group II), at 2–12 h after birth (group III), and after cortisol administration (20 mg every 8 h for 3 days) to the fetus (group IV). T3 produced from T4 by liver and kidney averaged (mean ± SE; ng T3 produced/μg T4/geq tissue/h at 37 C) 99 ± 19 and 32 ± 6.2, respectively, for mother and 27 ± 4.0 and 1.9 ± 0.5, respectively, for fetal group I (cf. maternal tissues, P < 0.001). The values of T3 produced from T4 by liver homogenates of fetal groups II-IV were 84 ± 20, 266 ± 23 and 107 ± 30, respectively, which were all significantly higher than that in control fetal group I. T3 produced by liver homogenates of fetal group III was also significantly higher than that of fetal group II or IV. The T4 to T3 converting activities in kidney homogenates of fetal groups I, II, and IV were comparable to one another but were all clea...
Enzyme-amplified protein microarray and a fluidic renewable surface fluorescence immunoassay for botulinum neurotoxin detection using high-affinity recombinant antibodies.

Abstract Two immunoassay platforms were developed for either the sensitive or rapid detection of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A), using high-affinity recombinant monoclonal antibodies against the receptor binding domain of the heavy chain of BoNT/A. These antibodies also bind the same epitopes of the receptor binding domain present on a nontoxic recombinant heavy chain fragment used for assay development and testing in the current study. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) microarray using tyramide amplification for localized labeling was developed for the specific and sensitive detection of BoNT. This assay has the sensitivity to detect BoNT in buffer and blood plasma samples down to 14 fM (1.4 pg mL −1 ). Three capture antibodies and one antibody combination were compared in the development of this assay. Using a selected pair from the same set of recombinant monoclonal antibodies, a renewable surface microcolumn sensor was developed for the rapid detection of BoNT/A in an automated fluidic system. The ELISA microarray assay, because of its sensitivity, offers a screening test with detection limits comparable to the mouse bioassay, with results available in hours instead of days. The renewable surface assay is less sensitive but much faster, providing results in less than 10 min.
The calculation of transmission and resonance properties of quantum devices using methods from chemical reactive scattering

Abstract Two relatively new methods, the spectral projection method and the stabilization method, of implementing scattering calculations are described, and are here applied to two devices. Both methods use essentially short range spectral projection operators to produce a complete set of solutions of the wave equation that need be valid only inside the interaction region. While the spectral projection method is more generic than the stabilization method which is based on using the more difficult to compute spectral density operator, the latter becomes very efficient when narrow resonances exist. For problems of small size both methods are practical in the sense that they involve only real, symmetric matrices resulting from Hamiltonians represented on L 2 basis sets. For more challenging larger systems the spectral projection method lends itself to a very efficient time independent iterative procedure that obtains results simultaneously at all energies. This procedure uses modified Chebyshev recursion relations to essentially expand the operator ( E − H ) −1 . It requires minimal storage and the resulting series converges rapidly in a manner that is uniform in energy.
Process Optimization for Releasing of MEMS/NEMS Devices and Coating of Anti-Stiction SAM

Micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) or nano electromechanical systems (NEMS) have higher surface-to-volume ratio, and hence they are susceptible to unintentional adhesion and subsequent failure to function. Although there are many classes of liquid phase anti-stiction coatings for silicon MEMS / NEMS, alkene based monolayer films with hydrogen terminated silicon coatings were chosen since this process has some important advantages over other SAM processes, such as fluorine or chlorine based films. An engineering challenge of scaling up liquid-phase anti-stiction and release processes is met by designing and fabricating a semi-automated and portable MEMS release station, which enables 20 – 40 dice or a wafer up to 100 mm in diameter to be released and coated at one time. This optimized release and coating process reduces processing time and chemical processing volume drastically compared to releasing and coating dice individually. The simultaneous processing of multiple dice was enabled through an inert FEP - Teflon dice-holder-clamp. The clamp is adaptable to hold varied sizes of dice with no lost die. The successful elimination of the secondary HF rinse for hydrogen termination has resulted in additional saving of expensive HF, additional saving of process time, and reduced exposure to the dangerous chemical - HF. The increase in hydrophobicity resulted from the optimized release and SAM coating process was confirmed through the average increase, from 68.2° to 109.3°, in water contact angle of SAM coated Si (100). The increase in the average surface roughness from 0.4 nm for source procedure to ∼ 4 nm using optimized release and SAM coating process became evident through the AFM scanned images. The increase in hydrophobicity and surface roughness using the optimized release and SAM coating process play vital roles in preventing the stiction of MEMS / NEMS devices. This scalable process has good yield and is easier to use and train personnel than a typical SAM coating process.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Adaptive neural network for pattern recognition of 2-D image under affine transformation

Presents a method for recognition of a 2-D image under affine transformation, which can be used as the preprocessing unit in an adaptive neural network. The affine transformation is decomposed into six basic transformations: x-direction and y-direction translations, rotation, x-direction and y-direction expansions (or compressions), and x-direction shear. In order to recognize a 2-D image under affine transformation, the authors introduce the normalized form of an image and design the normalizer by which one can transform an arbitrary input image to its normalized form. The recognition of the images can be done by comparing their normalized forms with a neural network identifier. Some experimental results are reported. >
Fractal Dimension in Human Cerebellum Measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Fractal dimension has been used to quantify the structures of a wide range of objects in biology and medicine. We measured fractal dimension of human cerebellum (CB) in magnetic resonance images of 24 healthy young subjects (12 men and 12 women). CB images were resampled to a series of image sets with different 3D resolutions. At each resolution, the skeleton of the CB white matter was obtained and the number of pixels belonging to the skeleton was determined. Fractal dimension of the CB skeleton was calculated using the box-counting method. The results indicated that the CB skeleton is a highly fractal structure, with a fractal dimension of 2.57 ± 0.01. No significant difference in the CB fractal dimension was observed between men and women.
Information technology and industrial cooperation

Cooperation is becoming increasingly important in the modern business environment. The resulting emergence of new forms of organizational relationships is challenging managers to understand the fundamental dynamics of cooperation in order to evaluate and restructure their industrial relationships. IT can play an important role in the process of industrial restructuring, by altering the balance between the benefits of cooperation ad the costs or risks of cooperation. The authors present a framework for investigating cooperative relationships based on extending transactions cost economics. This allows some interesting statements about the role IT plays in cooperative arrangements. In particular, IT has the capability to increase integration without necessarily increasing transaction risks, by reducing required sunk capital and reducing monitoring costs. >
Hazardous drinking among adults with diabetes and related eye disease or visual problems: a population-based cross-sectional survey.

PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence of problem drinking and related risk behaviors among adults with diabetes and eye disease in the United States. METHODS: In a population-based, cross-sectional telephone survey of the noninstitutionalized U.S. adult population (18 years of age or older) conducted in 47 U.S. states in 2002 and 40 U.S. states in 1999, we identified the prevalence of binge drinking (5 or more drinks on an occasion in the last month), drinking and driving in the last month, and binge drinking and concurrent unlocked firearm ownership. We used sample weights to estimate the prevalence and number of individuals reporting each measure in the full U.S. population. RESULTS: In 2002, 130 of 3,670 respondents with diabetes-related eye disease reported binge drinking within the last month (prevalence 4%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3%-6%), corresponding to an estimated 116,501 adults in the United States (95% CI: 80,020-152,981). Approximately 0.4% (95% CI: 0.2%-0.9%) of all affected adults, and 0.8% (95% CI: 0.3%-2%) of all affected males, endorsed driving after drinking within the last month, corresponding to an estimated 12,150 Americans with diabetic eye disease who drink and drive (95% CI: 2,414-21,887). An estimated total of 15,356 (95% CI: 2,180-28,533) also reported having a loaded and unlocked firearm at home. Estimates of binge drinking and drinking and driving were at least as high among the 1,854 respondents with diabetes and visual impairment in 1999. CONCLUSIONS: Binge drinking occurs in 4%-5% of adults with diabetes and eye disease. Driving after drinking and unlocked gun ownership, while uncommon, also occur among such individuals, who are apt to be at extraordinarily high risk for injury and other alcohol-related complications. Language: en
Dynamic economic dispatch with demand side management of individual residential loads

Minimizing generation costs is one of the main purposes for system operators, since it decreases the customer's energy costs and consequently increases the social welfare. Economic dispatch (ED) can be considered as a useful tool to determine the optimal generation cost. Extending the ED over multiple time steps is called the dynamic economic dispatch (DED). Demand side management (DSM) is a key component of smart grids that can have a lot of benefits to power system operators and customers. This paper aims to assess DSM potential impacts on electricity generation cost by considering the detailed and practical model of individual residential loads. For flexible loads, we assume various household appliances with different acceptable delay times (ADTs) within which their consumption can be shifted from the normal schedules. This problem was simulated on the 15-generators test systems. The results show that the first few MWs of shifting in demand bring out the largest decrease in generation costs.
Functional Significance of Vitamin D Receptor FokI Polymorphism in Human Breast Cancer Cells

Background The FokI vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism results in different translation initiation sites on VDR. In the VDRff variant, initiation of translation occurs at the first ATG site, giving rise to a full length VDR protein of 427 amino acids. Conversely, in the VDRFF variant, translation begins at the second ATG site, resulting in a truncated protein with three less amino acids. Epidemiological studies have paradoxically implicated this polymorphism with increased breast cancer risk. 1α,25 (OH)2D3, the active metabolite of vitamin D, is known to inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis and potentiate differentiation in human breast cancer cells. It is well documented that 1α,25 (OH)2D3 downregulates estrogen receptor α expression and inhibits estrogen mediated signaling in these cells. The functional significance of the VDR FokI polymorphism in vitamin D action is undefined.
HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF FIBROUS INSULATIONS WITH AND WITHOUT RADIANT BARRIERS FOR SUMMER CONDITIONS

This work shows the comparison of analytical results with experimental data for the totai heat transfer through typical fiberglass insulations subjected to a time-varying incident radiative heat flux and with time-varying temperature boundaries. The insulation configurations and thermal environments analyzed are consistent with conditions that exist in residential attics during the sumer, months. A heat transfer analysis was performed which treats the problem as one of coupled transient conduction and radiative heat transfer in a fully participating medium [absorbing. emitting, and scattering). Computations were performed for both isotropic and anisotropic phase functions and also for both gray and nongray radiative transport. Temperature data recorded for sumner-time conditions in Florida and Mississippi were used to describe the boundary conditions for the heat transfer analysis. Also the effect of foi i radiant barriers on the overal I heat transfer through the insulation was studied. Calculations are presented to compare the foil radiant barrier and no-foil cases; the foil barrier is shown to reduce the total heat transfer by about 42 percent. All cmputations used the discrete ordinates solution method to soive the radiative transport equation and a control-volume based finite difference technique to solve the energy esuation.