cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study of a GaN-AlGaN high electron mobility transistor including a nonlinear polarization model

We present a theoretical model of an AlGaN-GaN high electron mobility field effect transistor (HEMT) that includes a nonlinear model of the strain polarization fields produced at the heterointerface. Recent experimental work has indicated that the macroscopic polarization in III-nitride alloys is a nonlinear function of the material composition. It is well known that the behavior of a GaN-AlGaN HEMT depends greatly upon the properties of the strain-induced polarization fields formed at the GaN-AlGaN heterointerface. It is the purpose of this paper to provide a detailed model of a GaN-AlGaN HEMT that includes a nonlinear formulation of the polarization. The model is found to agree well with recent experimental measurements made for GaN-AlGaN HEMTs when the nonlinear polarization model is included. The cutoff frequency, transconductance, and current-voltage characteristics are computed. The effect of the nonlinear polarization model on the sheet carrier density is also presented.
Justice: flexible and enforceable per-source bandwidth allocation

The main goal of this work is to provide bandwidth allocation that is robust against the behavior of greedy or malicious users. The traditional solution, Fair Queueing, allocates capacity per sourcedestination pair in accordance with the max-min fairness criterion. While Fair Queueing, defined as above, has been successful and popular to a large extent, it does not prevent greedy or malicious users from getting unfair shares of capacity. In particular, it is vulnerable to end-points simply establishing multiple parallel connections to increase their allocated capacity. In order to overcome this limitation, we propose Justice, which allows for robust, yet flexible bandwidth allocation in the Internet. Justice employs weighted per source bandwidth allocation to accommodate traffic sources with varying bandwidth requirements. We describe an efficient and scalable mechanism for determining, for each source s, the weight φ$_{k}^{\rm ({s})}$ at any given link k. We demonstrate through analysis and simulation that Justice is flexible, efficient, scalable, and robust to all identified attacks related to bandwidth allocation.
Arginine at positions 13 or 70-71 in pocket 4 of HLA-DRB1 alleles is associated with susceptibility to tuberculoid leprosy.

Evaluation of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes in 54 cases of tuberculoid leprosy (TL) and 44 controls has shown a positive association with HLA-DRB1 alleles that contain Arg13 or Arg70-Arg71. Among TL patients, 87% carry specific alleles of DRB1 Arg13 or Arg70-Arg71 as compared to 43% among controls (p = 5 x 10(-6)) conferring a relative risk of 8.8. Thus, susceptibility to TL involves three critical amino acid positions of the beta chain, the side chains of which, when modeled on the DR1 crystal structure, line a pocket (pocket 4) accommodating the side chain of a bound peptide. This study suggests that disease susceptibility may be determined by the independent contribution of polymorphic residues participating in the formation of a functional arrangement (i.e., pocket) within the binding cleft of an HLA molecule.
Green supply chain acceptability and internal stakeholder concerns

Through theoretical and empirical methods, a survey of the effectiveness of green supply chain management (GSCM)-based initiatives of employed professionals was successfully conducted. Empirical data illustrate that management needs to place greater emphasis on green supplier efforts by communicating a leaner and greener consciousness on the part of the firms’ internal consumers. Significant positive relationships exist among productivity and efficiency measures and ultimate support for management’s efforts to properly direct its suppliers in a more eco-friendly direction. Multiple linear regression and principal-components analysis revealed many layers of complexity. These factor-based green constructs were tested with various dependent variables and were found to be highly significant and positively related. However, many employees were still relatively neutral about many of management’s GSCM-based initiatives suggesting that communication needs to be enhanced with firms’ internal stakeholders.
In situ ichthyoplankton imaging system (ISIIS): system design and preliminary results

Over the last two decades, there has been an accelerating advancement of acoustic and optical plankton samplers, opening many opportunities for fine-scale studies of plankton distribution. To date, however, the imaging systems have been limited in the volume of water being sampled, thereby restricting their utility to quantifying highly abundant, small zooplankton like copepods, but not relatively rarer, larger ichthyo- and other meso-zooplankton (e.g., larval decapods, salps, pteropods, ctenophores, etc.). Here we describe an imaging system, In situ ichthyoplankton imaging system (ISIIS), that is capable of In situ (i.e., noninvasive) sampling of sufficiently large volumes of water at very high resolution, allowing quantitative measurement of these rare plankton, while at the same time also recording the smaller more abundant taxa. Capitalizing on state-of-theart digital line scan cameras and high-throughput computer data transfer and storage, combined with shadow photographic lighting techniques, we have designed and built a towed system capable of imaging at 68-micron pixel resolution, yet with up to a 20-cm depth of field (with a 14-cm field of view). This system is coupled with various environmental sensors (e.g., CTD, fluorometer), enabling the evaluation of fine-scale, taxon-specific distributions in relation to environmental conditions. Field testing demonstrated high-resolution imagery of plankters, while quantitatively imaging >70 L s ‐1 continuously for a 78-min trial.
Luteal Control of Nidation in the Ferret (Mustela putorius)

We have attempted to determine the role of corpora lutea in initiating nidation in ferrets using the techniquesof follicular autotransplantation and exogenous administration of progesterone. Blood samples were obtained at regular intervals between Day 6 and Day 20 (coitus = Day 0) and the plasma assayed for progesterone by radioimmunoassay. Progesterone capsules, inserted under the skin immediately following ovariectomy on Day 6, failed to offset withdrawal of ovarian hormones as 0/7 ferrets had implanted blastocysts. Progesterone capsules inserted following ovaniectomy on Day 8 were, however, successful in initiating nidation at the normal time in 100% of the animals (6/6). When mature follicles were autotransplanted to the kidney capsule on Day 1, followed by ovaniectomy on Day 6, nidation occurred in 1/7 animals by Day 20. Follicular transplantation followed by ovariectomy on Day 8 resulted in nidation in 1/5 animals, though a delay of implantation lasting several days occurred. Nidation occurred in 4/6 animals after a short period of delay, when progesterone was administered following autotransplantation of follicles on Day 1 and ovariectomywas performed on Day 6. Viability of implanted embryos was demonstrated by visualization of embryonic heart beat. These results demonstrate that administration of progesterone alone on Day 6 is not sufficient to induce nidation and suggest that ectopic corpora lutes are secreting another hormone(s) prior to Day 8, which acts in conjunction with progesterone to induce nidation. Moreover, the data indicate that ferret blastocysts can withstand a 7 day period of
Aging, self-referencing, and medial prefrontal cortex.

The lateral prefrontal cortex undergoes both structural and functional changes with healthy aging. In contrast, there is little structural change in the medial prefrontal cortex, but relatively little is known about the functional changes to this region with age. Using an event-related fMRI design, we investigated the response of medial prefrontal cortex during self-referencing in order to compare age groups on a task that young and elderly perform similarly and that is known to actively engage the region in young adults. Nineteen young (M age! 23) and seventeen elderly (M age! 72) judged whether adjectives described themselves, another person, or were presented in upper case. We assessed the overlap in activations between young and elderly for the self-reference effect (self vs. other person), and found that both groups engage medial prefrontal cortex and mid-cingulate during self-referencing. The only cerebral differences between the groups in self versus other personality assessment were found in somatosensory and motor- related areas. In contrast, age-related modulations were found in the cerebral network recruited for emotional valence processing. Elderly (but not young) showed increased activity in the dorsal prefrontal cortex for positive relative to negative items, which could reflect an increase in controlled processing of positive information for elderly adults.
Rainfall and Radiative Heating Rates from TOGA COARE Atmospheric Budgets

Abstract Atmospheric heat and moisture budgets are used to determine rainfall and radiative heating rates over the western Pacific warm pool during the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE). Results are compared to independent estimates of these quantities from the other sources. Using the COARE bulk flux algorithm to estimate surface evaporation over the intensive flux array (IFA), the IFA moisture budget-derived average rainfall for the 120-day intensive observing period (IOP) is 8.2 mm day−1. This value agrees closely with recent estimates from satellites and the ocean salinity budget. For a smaller area within the IFA containing the rain-mapping domain of the TOGA and Massachusetts Institute of Technology 5-cm radars, the atmospheric budget for the 101-day radar deployment yields 6.8 mm day−1, slightly greater than the independent radar rain rate estimate of 5.4 mm day−1. Comparison of budget-derived rainfall with National Centers for Environmental ...
Vertical open fractures and shear-wave velocities derived from VSPs, full waveform acoustic logs, and televiewer data

Fracture or stress-related shear-wave birefringence (or azimuthal anisotropy) from vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) is commonly observed today, but no attempt is made to fit the observations with observed in-situ fractures and velocities. With data from a hard rock (limestones, dolomites, and anhydrites) region of Michigan, fast and slow shear-wave velocities have been derived from a nine-component zero offset VSP and compared to shear-wave velocities from two full waveform acoustic logs. To represent the shear-wave birefringence that affects the shear wave's vertical propagation, a propagator matrix technique is used allowing a local measurement independent of the overburden layers. The picked times obtained by using a correlation technique have been corrected in the birefringent regions before they compute the fast and slow velocities. Although there are some differences between the three velocity sets, there is a good fit between the velocities from the shear-wave VSP and those from the two logs. The authors suspect the formations showing birefringence to be vertically fractured. To support this, they examine the behavior of the Stoneley wave on the full waveform acoustic logs in the formations. In addition, they analyze the borehole televiewer data from a nearby well. There is a good fit between the fracturesmore » seen from the VSP data and those seen from the borehole.« less
Effects of predation risk on elk (Cervus elaphus) landscape use in a wolf (Canis lupus) dominated system

Food acquisition and predation avoidance are key drivers of herbivore behaviour. We investigated the interaction of top-down (predator) and bottom-up (food, fire, thermal) effects by measuring the relationship between wolf (Canis lupus L., 1758) predation risk perceived by elk (Cervus elaphus L., 1758) and elk landscape use. We conducted fecal pellet and wolf scat surveys in three valleys with three wolf population levels (Saint Mary: low; Waterton: moderate; North Fork: high). In the North Fork, 90% of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) stands burned recently; the other valleys had no fire. We created predictive models of elk pellet density that incorporated bottom-up and top-down variables. All valleys had a high elk pellet density (≥10 per 100 m2). Wolf scat density was similar where there was no fire, but one order of magnitude greater in burned areas. Elk pellet density was lower in the North Fork, a predation-related response. In all valleys, site-specific elk density declined as impediments...
The analysis of mock DNA sequencing reactions using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry

A mock sequencing experiment is described in which matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry is used to analyze mixtures of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides chosen to match the first 24 DNA fragments generated in typical sequencing reactions using a standard M13mp19 template and primer. The experiments permitted the evaluation of important issues relating to resolution, sensitivity, multiple charging, and adduct formation. Mass resolutions (full width at half maximum) were between 100 and 200, and it was relatively straightforward to assign bases in the sequencing simulation using subpicomolar quantities of material. These results demonstrate the potential of MALDI mass spectrometry in DNA sequence analysis.
Boost-Integrated Phase-Shift Full-Bridge Converter for Three-Port Interface

Numerous modern systems require energy harvesting from multiple sources and the management of energy storage. The adoption of converter topologies specifically tailored for such applications offers great improvement potential over conventional systems. In this paper, two three-port converter topologies are proposed based on the integration of a boost stage into the popular phase-shift full-bridge converter. Each of the proposed converters is able to interface two bidirectional source/storage ports and an isolated loading port. They are specifically interesting due to their ability to achieve zero-voltage switching for a considerable range of operating conditions. Power flow control is performed using two degrees of freedom: duty-cycle and phase-shift of the two switching legs. Analysis of operating modes and component stresses is presented, leading to a discussion of design guidelines. A comparative study involving the proposed topologies and a conventional multi-converter system is conducted. This study formulates the constraints under which each of the three design choices is most profitable. It demonstrates the ability of the proposed converters to achieve significant savings in losses and/or costs for a range of multi-port applications. Experimental 1 kW prototypes are used to demonstrate the functionality of the proposed converters.
Use of Electrical Penetration Graph Technology to Examine Transmission of `Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' to Potato by Three Haplotypes of Potato Psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli; Hemiptera: Triozidae)

The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), is a vector of the phloem-limited bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso), the putative causal agent of zebra chip disease of potato. Little is known about how potato psyllid transmits Lso to potato. We used electrical penetration graph (EPG) technology to compare stylet probing behaviors and efficiency of Lso transmission of three haplotypes of potato psyllid (Central, Western, Northwestern). All haplotypes exhibited the full suite of stylet behaviors identified in previous studies with this psyllid, including intercellular penetration and secretion of the stylet pathway, xylem ingestion, and phloem activities, the latter comprising salivation and ingestion. The three haplotypes exhibited similar frequency and duration of probing behaviors, with the exception of salivation into phloem, which was of higher duration by psyllids of the Western haplotype. We manipulated how long psyllids were allowed access to potato (“inoculation access period”, or IAP) to examine the relationship between phloem activities and Lso transmission. Between 25 and 30% of psyllids reached and salivated into phloem at an IAP of 1 hr, increasing to almost 80% of psyllids as IAP was increased to 24 h. Probability of Lso-transmission was lower across all IAP levels than probability of phloem salivation, indicating that a percentage of infected psyllids which salivated into the phloem failed to transmit Lso. Logistic regression showed that probability of transmission increased as a function of time spent salivating into the phloem; transmission occurred as quickly as 5 min following onset of salivation. A small percentage of infected psyllids showed extremely long salivation events but nonetheless failed to transmit Lso, for unknown reasons. Information from these studies increases our understanding of Lso transmission by potato psyllid, and demonstrates the value of EPG technology in exploring questions of vector efficiency.
Energy Consumption and Latency Analysis for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

Energy and bandwidth are limited resources in wireless sensor networks, and communication consumes significant amount of energy. When wireless vision sensors are used to capture and transfer image and video data, the problems of limited energy and bandwidth become even more pronounced. Thus, message traffic should be decreased to reduce the communication cost. In many applications, the interest is to detect composite and semantically higher-level events based on information from multiple sensors. Rather than sending all the information to the sinks and performing composite event detection at the sinks or control-center, it is much more efficient to push the detection of semantically high-level events within the network, and perform composite event detection in a peer-to-peer and energy-efficient manner across embedded smart cameras. In this paper, three different operation scenarios are analyzed for a wireless vision sensor network. A detailed quantitative comparison of these operation scenarios are presented in terms of energy consumption and latency. This quantitative analysis provides the motivation for, and emphasizes (1) the importance of performing high-level local processing and decision making at the embedded sensor level and (2) need for peer-to-peer communication solutions for wireless multimedia sensor networks.
System modeling in sysml and system analysis in arena

A Model Driven Architecture approach is employed to support the practice of discrete-event simulation. OMG's System Model Language, OMG SysML™, is used to define a platform independent model (PIM) and auto-translate it into an appropriate platform specific model (PSM). The implementation and the nature of the transformation from PIM to PSM are clearly addressed to enable: (i) formal modeling of systems using their own semantics in SysML, (ii) SysML model verification and validation by stakeholders, (iii) automatic translation of system models expressed in SysML into analysis models as the PSM, and (iv) maintainability of this approach to accommodate system changes and extensions very easily. The proposed approach can be used for any analysis tool and application domain. In this paper, we choose to model transaction-based examples elicited from the manufacturing domain in SysML and translate them into Arena™ models using the Atlas Transformation Language.
Theoretical model of magnetic effect on Gunn diode

A simplified theoretical model to explain a magnetic effect on a Gunn diode is presented. When a dc magnetic field is applied transversely to a Gunn diode, the oscillation frequency decreases. This phenomenon is explained using a concept of successive collisions of drift electrons with lattice with constant free path.
Physical Therapy Diagnosis: Role and Function

Introduction The Need to Define Role and Function The need to define the role and function of diagnosis in physical therapy practice stems from the importance of distinguishing this diagnosis from those made by other health care practitioners. Identifying the role and function of physical therapy diagnoses also should provide evidence that they have distinguishing characteristics, are limited to our body of knowledge and scope of practice, and are complementary to (and not in conflict with) diagnoses made by other health care practitioners. The current political-legal aspects of this issue mandate that the profession clearly communicate that the intention of the physical therapy diagnosis is not to infringe on the practice of others or to assume roles that are beyond the scope of our education and training. These political-legal issues include the prerogative and extent of involvement of the physical therapist in the diagnostic process. Resolution of these issues is done within the legislative arena.…
Forward Sourcing — Entwicklungsbegleitende Lieferantenauswahl

Vor dem Hintergrund in Form und Funktion immer komplexer werdender Konsum- und Investitionsguter vollzieht sich bei der Beschaffung von entsprechenden Komponenten eine Strategieanpassung. Sowohl interne Prozesse bei Volkswagen als auch Entwicklungen bei Wettbewerbern zeigen, das der Trend in der Automobilindustrie zu immer umfangreicheren Anfragen bei der Komponentenbeschaffung geht.
A fundamental approach to communications in a hostile environment

The authors outline an approach to detector design to achieve good communications performance in severe channel environments. A transmitted radio signal may undergo distortion, and be modified by interference and noise. By using a stochastic model of the channel, the essential design criterion for optimality namely, maximization of the probability of correct detection, may be proposed from fundamentals, taking into consideration as best as is known, the nature of the noise, interference and distortion. In support of this approach, two examples demonstrate how improved detector performance may be achieved. The examples detail detectors for impulsive noise and narrowband interference based on a simple model. >
Technical Aspects of Cardiac PET Imaging and Recent Advances

As the number of myocardial perfusion single emission photon computed tomography studies performed in the United States has steadily declined over the past several years, an opposite trend can be seen for myocardial perfusion PET. This review covers basic technical aspects of cardiac PET imaging and recent advances that maximize the quality and efficiency of cardiac PET. The covered topics include radioisotopes used in cardiac PET and basics of acquisition and reconstruction, including time-of-flight techniques, PET detectors, attenuation correction, and respiratory gating techniques.
RecA-Directed Hybridization of Psoralen-Monoadducted DNA Oligonucleotides to Duplex Targets

RecA protein can be used to introduce a psoralen-monoadducted DNA oligonucleotide into a duplex target site-specifically. Irradiation of the three-stranded DNA complex with long wavelength ultraviolet light results in formation of a site-specific crosslink between the inserted oligomer and its complement. Crosslinked complexes have been formed between pUC19 plasmid and modified oligomers ranging from 30 to 107 nucleotides in length. The efficiency of this two-step process depends upon several factors, including the nucleotide cofactor for RecA, the length of the oligomeric substrate, and the position of the psoralen adduct relative to the 5’-end of the oligomer. Absolute homology is not required.
The Problem of Universals for Late Modernity (Le Probleme Des Universaux Pour La Modernite Tardive)

The article explains that the general legal indeterminicity of late modernity is rooted in an epistemological error of the scholastics. Indeterminicity is a special and not a general problem of law.
The Evolution of the Webs of Spiders

The making of its wonderfully regular web by an orb-weaving spider is a remarkable instance of specialization in habits; and correlated with this are equally remarkable specializations of structure. In the construction of their webs some spiders use several distinct kinds of silk, to produce which several distinct sets of silk glands have been evolved; and to manipulate this. silk elaborate spinning organs have been developed. The tracing of the steps by which these specializations have been evolved must be, in the present state of our knowledge, largely conjectural. We are forced to follow the method commonly employed in constructing genealogical trees. We wi11 look for generalized conditions and from these attempt to trace the evolution of those more specialized. This address, delivered at the annual meeting in Washington, D. C., Dec. 27, 1911, was illustrated by lantern slides made from photographs of the webs described. These photographs are reproduced in a volume on the Arachnida of North America, “The Spider Book,” by J. H. Comstock, now in press.
Research Articles: Church attendance and well‐being among adolescents

The aim of the present study was to understand the relationship between church attendance and well‐being among adolescents. Measures of well‐being included happiness and depressed mood. Results showed that adolescents frequently attending church were happier and less depressed than those adolescents who were not attending church frequently. Results are discussed in the light of the literature and suggestions for future research are made.
SURVEYS OF COASTAL STRUCTURES USING GEOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES

Coastal engineers have long relied upon bathymetric surveys to determine the extent of underwater damage to jetties and breakwaters. Though such surveys supply important information about variations in water depth around structures, they alone do not show in sufficient detail the nature of the material on the structure, the extent of subbottom features, or the nature of the subbottom upon which the structure sits. However, by conducting bathymetric surveys in conjunction with other remote-sensing techniques and diving observations, it is possible to obtain more complete knowledge of the subaqueous condition of coastal structures. During the summer of 1983 and the spring and summer of 1984, we conducted side scan sonar and shallow subbottom surveys in conjunction with bathymetric and diving surveys along three northern California coastal structures to determine the condition of the structures before extensive damage occurred. Then, we evaluated the applicability of the data collection techniques for condition surveys in general. Two of the structures surveyed are the parallel jetties that protect the entrance to Humboldt Bay, California, and the third structure is the outer breakwater at Crescent City, California. Bathymetric records and sonographs from Humboldt Bay show deep holes along much of the inside of the south jetty and off the heads of both jetties. The subbottom record from inside Humboldt Bay shows a subsurface fault, the extension of which would run under the south jetty. Sonographs from Crescent City show significant bedrock outcrops throughout the area outside the breakwater, making it difficult in places to identify the toe of the structure. The subbottom record shows that pockets of sand exist amidst the bedrock, but they are generally less than 2 m (6 ft) in thickness. We found that the side scan sonar is an excellent tool for defining the toe of the structure; also, when waves are low, it can be useful in determining armor types and the slope of structures Our subbottom system provided information on fault and bedrock locations; however, other systems need to be tested to see if any of them can locate buried armor near the structures.
Factors Associated with Successful Implementation of Delivery System Innovations

While prior studies suggest frameworks for implementing innovations, we know little about the extent to which hospitals are implementing recommended processes and activities and which ones are associated with effective checklist implementation. This paper describes the factors associated with checklist implementation across a large number of hospitals and assesses whether implementation is associated with perceived improvement in outcomes. We developed a 59-item questionnaire measuring implementation activities and used three complementary techniques (principal component analysis, empirical grouping based on correlations, and conceptual factoring) to identify the simple structure underlying our data, triangulating findings to develop a factor model. After confirming acceptable internal reliability within scales and discriminant validity among scales for all domains, we calculated a summary score representing the accomplishment of each domain and regressed the overall accomplishment against self-reported o...
Reflections on Clinical Ethics

Moral philosophies have rarely helped as I work with families to make the best decision for their child, for the family and for society. What is the proper role for the physician? I have found over a long career as a pediatric neurologist that “benign” paternalism best fi ts my role.
Investment and competition with positive externalities in open networks

A key feature of many information services is that they exhibit positive externalities or network effects, i.e., the value of the service increases with the number of users. Here, we consider an “open” network, in which a given service may be offered by multiple providers and the positive externality depends on the total number of customers served by all providers. Providers compete for customers and may also invest in their networks to improve the externality experienced by their own customers. We model this as a two-stage investment and competition game, where after investing, firms compete via Bertrand competition. In both the socially optimal and the monopoly outcomes, under mild conditions, the firm either does not invest or invests at the maximum level. In addition, a monopolist always underinvests. Interestingly, we find that with competition, there can be at most one firm investing.
The Effect Of Orthodontic Treatment On Alveolar Bone Adjacent To The Cetnento-Enamel Junction

Abstract No Abstract Available. Presented before the North Atlantic Component of the Angle Society April, 1965.
Real-Time Quantitative PCR Analysis of Viral Transcription

Whole-genome profiling using DNA arrays has led to tremendous advances in our understanding of cell biology. It has had similar success when applied to large viral genomes, such as the herpesviruses. Unfortunately, most DNA arrays still require specialized and expensive resources and, generally, large amounts of input RNA. An alternative approach is to query entire viral genomes using real-time quantitative PCR. We have designed such PCR-based arrays for every open reading frame of human herpesvirus 8 and describe here the general design criteria, validation procedures, and detailed application to quantify viral mRNAs. This should provide a useful resource either for whole-genome arrays or just to measure transcription of any one particular mRNA of interest. Because these arrays are RT-PCR-based, they are inherently more sensitive and robust than current hybridization-based approaches and are ideally suited to query viral gene expression in models of pathogenesis.
Effect of maternal glucose load on fetal activity

The effect of a MGL upon fetal activity has been studied in 39 normal and 54 high-risk pregnant patients between 30 and 42 weeks' gestation. The perinatal morbidity and mortality rates were significantly lower in the group showing an increase in fetal activity following a MGL. It is suggested that this may be useful for identifying the fetus at risk.
A new approach to electromyography of the external urethral sphincter.

AbstractDetailed electromyographic investigation of the external urethral sphincter was done as part of a urodynamic evaluation of 119 patients. The sphincter was located by inserting electrodes alongside the urethra. The electromyogram was viewed on an oscilloscope and recorded on paper. Normal and abnormal sphincter electromyograms were defined and the role of sphincter electromyography in urodynamic studies was discussed. It was observed that electromyographic activity does not always correlate with urethral resistance but must be interpreted in conjunction with other urodynamic parameters, such as urethral pressures, urinary flow rates and voiding cystourethrography. In addition, sphincter electromyography provides valuable information to define the arious neural pathways involved in micturition and continence.
Special Education Administrators’ Ability to Operate to Optimum Effectiveness

The current study attempts to identify the reasons that special education administrators are able to operate to optimum effectiveness and barriers that prevent this in the current educational climate. Quantitative data was collected through surveys from special education administrators in the state of Texas. Descriptive statistics and the Friedman Test were used to analyze the data. The top three reasons special education administrators were able to operate to optimum effectiveness are sufficient knowledge concerning special education, support from central administration, and professional background and education while the barriers were insufficient number of staff, lack of time, and insufficient financial resources.
Optimal control via waveform relaxation for power systems cyber-security applications

This paper formulates a power system related optimal control problem, motivated by potential cyber-attacks on grid control systems, and ensuing defensive response to such attacks. The problem is formulated as a standard nonlinear program in the GAMS optimization environment, with system dynamics discretized over a short time horizon providing constraint equations, which are then treated via waveform relaxation. Selection of objective function and additional decision variables is explored first for identifying grid vulnerability to cyber-attacks that act by modifying feedback control system parameters. The resulting decisions for the attacker are then fixed, and the optimization problem is modified with a new objective function and decision variables, to explore a defender's possible response to such attacks.
Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation for Follicular Lymphoma in First Remission: Long Term Follow up of Two Sequential Trials with Standard Dose and High Dose CHOP Induction.

High dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has been employed as salvage therapy for patients (pts) with relapsed follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (FL). Recently, the randomized European CUP trial demonstrated that following 3 cycles of CHOP, ASCT significantly improved both disease free and overall survival when compared to continued CHOP in pts with relapsed FL. In an attempt to improve the results of high dose therapy in FL, we undertook 2 sequential studies for pts with FL in first remission. In the first study, 77 pts with previously untreated advanced stage FL (median age 43), received 6–8 cycles of standard dose CHOP (SD-CHOP) + involved field radiotherapy followed by high dose chemoradiotherapy and anti-B cell purged autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). Following SD-CHOP induction, 27 of 77 pts (36%) were in CR and 50 in a minimal disease state (< 2 cm masses, < 20% BM involvement). At BM harvest, 36 pts had histologic evidence of BM involvement. In the second trial, 19 pts with advanced stage disease (median age 44) were treated with 4 cycles of dose intensified CHOP (HD-CHOP) (cyclophosphamide 1.5 g/m2 day 1 and 2) with G-CSF support followed by high dose chemoradiotherapy and anti-B cell purged autologous ABMT. Following HD-CHOP, 13 of 19 pts were in CR. At BM harvest, 7 of the 19 HD-CHOP pts had histologic BM involvement. Following ABMT, there were 2 acute in-hospital deaths in the pts receiving SD-CHOP induction and none in the pts who received HD-CHOP induction. Nine late deaths in remission were observed in the SD-CHOP pts including 6 from MDS/AML, and 2 late deaths in the HD-CHOP pts. Thirty-three pts who received SD-CHOP remain alive without relapse, with a median follow up of 12 years. Ten pts who received HD-CHOP induction remain alive without relapse, with a median follow up of 9.1 years. For pts receiving SD-CHOP induction, the DFS and overall survival at 10 years are 42% (90% CI: 33%–52%) and 64% (90% CI: 55%–73%), respectively. For pts who received HD-CHOP induction, the DFS and overall survival at 10 years are 59% (90% CI: 38%–79%) and 75% (90% CI: 57%–93%), respectively. The impact of BM treatment and DFS was examined. Pts with known bcl-2 translocations for whom post-BM purging samples were available for pcr examination were analyzed. Following ABMT, pts who were reinfused with pcr negative BM had a significantly better DFS than the pts who were reinfused with pcr positive BM. This study suggests that a subset of pts with FL experience long term remission following ABMT in first remission.
Physical, Mental, and Financial Impacts From Drought in Two California Counties, 2015

Objectives. To evaluate health impacts of drought during the most severe drought in California’s recorded history with a rapid assessment method.Methods. We conducted Community Assessments for Public Health Emergency Response during October through November 2015 in Tulare County and Mariposa County to evaluate household water access, acute stressors, exacerbations of chronic diseases and behavioral health issues, and financial impacts. We evaluated pairwise associations by logistic regression with pooled data.Results. By assessment area, households reported not having running water (3%–12%); impacts on finances (25%–39%), property (39%–54%), health (10%–20%), and peace of mind (33%–61%); worsening of a chronic disease (16%–46%); acute stress (8%–26%); and considering moving (14%–34%). Impacts on finances or property were each associated with impacts on health and peace of mind, and acute stress.Conclusions. Drought-impacted households might perceive physical and mental health effects and might experience ...
The Ontology of Musical Works and the Role of Intuitions: An Experimental Study

Philosophers of music often appeal to intuition to defend ontological theories of musical works. This practice is worrisome as it is rather unclear just how widely shared are the intuitions that philosophers appeal to. In this paper, I will first offer a brief overview of the debate over the ontology of musical works. I will argue that this debate is driven by a conflict between two seemingly plausible intuitions—the repeatability intuition and the creatability intuition—both of which may be defended on the grounds that they are reflective of our actual musical practices. The problem facing philosophers within this debate is that there is no clear way to determine which of the two conflicting intuitions is more reflective of our musical practices. Finally, I offer discussion of an experimental study that was designed to test participants' intuitions regarding the repeatability of musical works. The evidence presented there suggests that the participants broadly accept the repeatability of musical works, but in a much narrower way than philosophers would likely accept.
Endocannabinoids Have Opposing Effects On Behavioral Responses To Nociceptive And Non-nociceptive Stimuli

The endocannabinoid system is thought to modulate nociceptive signaling making it a potential therapeutic target for treating pain. However, there is evidence that endocannabinoids have both pro- and anti-nociceptive effects. In previous studies using Hirudo verbana (the medicinal leech), endocannabinoids were found to depress nociceptive synapses, but enhance non-nociceptive synapses. Here we examined whether endocannabinoids have similar bidirectional effects on behavioral responses to nociceptive vs. non-nociceptive stimuli in vivo. Hirudo were injected with either the 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) or anandamide and tested for changes in response to nociceptive and non-nociceptive stimuli. Both endocannabinoids enhanced responses to non-nociceptive stimuli and reduced responses to nociceptive stimuli. These pro- and anti-nociceptive effects were blocked by co-injection of a TRPV channel inhibitor, which are thought to function as an endocannabinoid receptor. In experiments to determine the effects of endocannabinoids on animals that had undergone injury-induced sensitization, 2-AG and anandamide diminished sensitization to nociceptive stimuli although the effects of 2-AG were longer lasting. Sensitized responses to non-nociceptive stimuli were unaffected 2-AG or anandamide. These results provide evidence that endocannabinoids can have opposing effects on nociceptive vs. non-nociceptive pathways and suggest that cannabinoid-based therapies may be more appropriate for treating pain disorders in which hyperalgesia and not allodynia is the primary symptom.
Trends in Black-White Church Integration

Historically, the separation of blacks and whites in churches was well known (Gilbreath 1995; Schaefer 2005). Even in 1968, about four years after the passage of the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. still said that “eleven o9clock on Sunday is the most segregated hour of the week” (Gilbreath 1995:1). His reference was to the entrenched practice of black and white Americans who worshiped separately in segregated congregations even though as Christians, their faith was supposed to bring them together to love each other as brothers and sisters. King9s statement was not just a casual observation. One of the few places that civil rights workers failed to integrate was churches. Black ministers and their allies were at the forefront of the church integration movement, but their stiffest opposition often came from white ministers. The irony is that belonging to the same denomination could not prevent the racial separation of their congregations. In 1964, when a group of black women civil rights activists went to a white church in St. Augustine, Florida to attend a Sunday service, the women were met by a phalanx of white people with their arms linked to keep the activists out (Bryce 2004). King9s classic “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” was a response to white ministers who criticized him and the civil rights movement after a major civil rights demonstration (King [2002]).
Risky Business: An Integrated Institutional Theory for Understanding High-Risk Decision Making in Higher Education

Lauren A. Turner and A. J. Angulo explore how institutional theory can be applied to explain variance in higher education organizational strategies. Given strong regulatory, normative, and cultural-cognitive pressures to conform, they ask, why do some colleges engage in high-risk decision making? To answer this, they bring together classic and contemporary approaches to institutional theory and propose an integrated model for understanding outlier higher education strategies. The integrated model offers a heuristic for analyzing external and internal pressures that motivate colleges to implement nontraditional strategies. Through an analysis of recent trends among outlier colleges and their approaches to the Scholastic Aptitude Test, Turner and Angulo contextualize the model and consider its potential for understanding why higher education organizations adopt characteristics that differentiate them from their peers.
Tocqueville’s Moderate Penal Reform Beyond 1832

Tocqueville’s and Beaumont’s continuing efforts in penal reform demonstrate the practical effect On the Penitentiary System had on French penal policy. Ferkaluk examines the French penal debates in which Tocqueville and Beaumont were participants, divided into eras marked by the republication of On the Penitentiary System in France (1833–1836, 1837–1845). She focuses specifically on interpreting two major changes to the revised editions of On the Penitentiary System: the substantive introduction added to the second edition and Tocqueville’s speech to the Chamber of Deputies in 1843 added to the third edition. These two documents reveal that On the Penitentiary System sparked a necessary national conversation in France on three key penal issues: the distinct difference between solitary confinement and silent work in common, the growth of houses of refuge for children, and the moderate balance between state and prisoner interests.
Hurricane storm surge in Volusia County, Florida: evidence of a tipping point for infrastructure damage.

Storm surge often is the most destructive consequence of hurricanes and tropical storms, causing significant economic damage and loss of life. Many coastal communities that are located in high-risk areas vis-a-vis hurricanes and tropical storms are prepared for moderate (between six and eight feet) storm surges. Such preparation, though, is not commensurate with more severe, but less frequent, storm surges (greater than eight feet). These gaps in preparedness have serious implications for community resilience. This paper explores elements of the vulnerability and resilience of coastal communities during major storm surge events, drawing on Volusia County, Florida, United States, as a case study. It simulates the impacts of five hurricanes (Categories I-V) and their associated storm surges on local infrastructure systems, populations, and access to resources. The results suggest that Volusia County is subject to a 'tipping point' , where surge damage from Category IV storms is significantly greater than that from Category III and lower hurricanes.
Social Traps of Agile methods

Social traps are situations within which individuals or groups face the prospect of adopting seemingly beneficial behaviors that have negative consequences over time or for a larger collective (Platt, 1973). While on the one hand, the Agile manifesto has been welcomed by many in the software developer community who often perceived formal processes as management generated inefficiency that gets in the way of productivity (Anderson, 2005). On the other hand proponents of formal plan-driven approaches argue that in spite of the lofty ideals and claims made, Agile development only postpone costs for the developing organization. Following the threads of this debate through a review of extant literature this conceptual study suggests that there is a real risk of developers using Agile methods falling into "social trap' of compromising the longterm goals for short-term gains.
EXTREMAL PROPERTIES OF BICONVEX CONTINGENT EQUATIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the extremal properties of biconvexcontingentequations. The novelfeature of this chapter lies in the particularstructure which one assume for the contingentequation X ∈ F(x,t);this novelfeature is most clearlyunderstood in the context of the simpleoptimization problemdefinedhere. It is remarked that besides maximization of the Hamiltonian, the inequality of Theorem I contains the usual adjoint differential equation for p in the case of control problems x = f(x,u,t), u ∈ Ω such that F(x,t) = {f(x,u,t): u ∈ Ω} satisfies the assumptions. An inequality for biconvex mapping plays an importantrole in the proof of Theorem I.