cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of coexisting aneurysms on open revascularization for aortoiliac occlusive disease

Objective National data evaluating outcomes for occlusive abdominal aortic reconstructions are well described. The relative effect of operative indication as well as the presence of concomitant abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) on in-hospital mortality is not well defined. Methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was queried to identify patients who underwent open aortic surgery (2003-2010). Indication for surgery was classified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnostic codes to identify isolated occlusive indications as well as combined occlusive disease and AAA. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were complications and discharge disposition. Results Overall, 56,374 underwent aortic reconstruction, 48,591 for occlusive disease (86.2%) and 7783 for combined occlusive disease with AAA (13.8%). Intermittent claudication was the most common indication for intervention (60.9%), whereas 39.7% underwent intervention for critical limb ischemia (22.2% rest pain, 17.6% gangrene). Patients with intermittent claudication had more concomitant AAAs (17.3%) than did patients with critical limb ischemia (8.4%). The baseline characteristics for those with occlusive disease and combined occlusive with AAA disease were similar in terms of obesity (4.8% vs 4.2%; P = .27) and congestive heart failure (6.6% vs 6.3%; P = .65) but differed by age (62.2 years vs 68.4 years; P P = .005). Patients with combined occlusive and AAA disease had higher mortality than those with occlusive disease alone (3.9% vs 2.7%; P = .01). On multivariable regression, factors associated with in-hospital mortality included gangrene with AAA compared with gangrene alone (odds ratio [OR], 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-4.7; P 65 years age (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.4-4.1; P P P Conclusions Intermittent claudication or critical limb ischemia with concomitant AAA carries a higher mortality than intermittent claudication or critical limb ischemia alone, especially in older patients with gangrene requiring revascularization and renal insufficiency. Preoperative risk stratification strategies should focus on the indication for surgery as well as the presence of concomitant AAA.
Effect of complete remission on survival in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia receiving first salvage therapy.

To the Editor: There is controversy regarding whether patients with AML receiving initial reinduction therapy for relapse after a complete remission (CR) of less than 24 months should receive investigational single agents rather than proven therapies such as high-dose ara-C (HDAC)-containing
Different Functions of Phylogenetically Distinct Bacterial Complex I Isozymes

ABSTRACT NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (complex I) is a bioenergetic enzyme that transfers electrons from NADH to quinone, conserving the energy of this reaction by contributing to the proton motive force. While the importance of NADH oxidation to mitochondrial aerobic respiration is well documented, the contribution of complex I to bacterial electron transport chains has been tested in only a few species. Here, we analyze the function of two phylogenetically distinct complex I isozymes in Rhodobacter sphaeroides, an alphaproteobacterium that contains well-characterized electron transport chains. We found that R. sphaeroides complex I activity is important for aerobic respiration and required for anaerobic dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) respiration (in the absence of light), photoautotrophic growth, and photoheterotrophic growth (in the absence of an external electron acceptor). Our data also provide insight into the functions of the phylogenetically distinct R. sphaeroides complex I enzymes (complex I A and complex I E ) in maintaining a cellular redox state during photoheterotrophic growth. We propose that the function of each isozyme during photoheterotrophic growth is either NADH synthesis (complex I A ) or NADH oxidation (complex I E ). The canonical alphaproteobacterial complex I isozyme (complex I A ) was also shown to be important for routing electrons to nitrogenase-mediated H 2 production, while the horizontally acquired enzyme (complex I E ) was dispensable in this process. Unlike the singular role of complex I in mitochondria, we predict that the phylogenetically distinct complex I enzymes found across bacterial species have evolved to enhance the functions of their respective electron transport chains. IMPORTANCE Cells use a proton motive force (PMF), NADH, and ATP to support numerous processes. In mitochondria, complex I uses NADH oxidation to generate a PMF, which can drive ATP synthesis. This study analyzed the function of complex I in bacteria, which contain more-diverse and more-flexible electron transport chains than mitochondria. We tested complex I function in Rhodobacter sphaeroides, a bacterium predicted to encode two phylogenetically distinct complex I isozymes. R. sphaeroides cells lacking both isozymes had growth defects during all tested modes of growth, illustrating the important function of this enzyme under diverse conditions. We conclude that the two isozymes are not functionally redundant and predict that phylogenetically distinct complex I enzymes have evolved to support the diverse lifestyles of bacteria.
Clinical Micro-Dose Studies to Explore the Human Pharmacokinetics of Four Selective Inhibitors of Human Nav1.7 Voltage-Dependent Sodium Channels

The emergence of genetic data linking Nav1.7 sodium channel over- and under- expression to human pain signalling has led to an interest in the treatment of chronic pain through inhibition of Nav1.7 channels. We describe the pharmacokinetic (PK) results of a clinical microdose study performed with four potent and selective Nav1.7 inhibitors and the subsequent modelling resulting in the selection of a single compound to explore Nav1.7 pharmacology at higher doses. A clinical microdose study to investigate the intravenous and oral PK of four compounds (PF-05089771, PF-05150122, PF-05186462 and PF-05241328) was performed in healthy volunteers. PK parameters were derived via noncompartmental analysis. A physiologically-based PK (PBPK) model was used to predict exposure and multiples of Nav1.7 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50) for each compound at higher doses. Plasma clearance, volume of distribution and bioavailability ranged from 45 to 392 mL/min/kg, 13 to 36 L/kg and 38 to 110 %, respectively. The PBPK model for PF-05089771 predicted a 1 g oral dose would be required to achieve exposures of approximately 12× Nav1.7 IC50 at maximum concentration (C max), and approximately 3× IC50 after 12 h (minimum concentration [C min] for a twice-daily regimen). Lower multiples of Nav1.7 IC50 were predicted with the same oral doses of PF-05150122, PF-05186462, and PF-05241328. In a subsequent single ascending oral dose clinical study, the predictions for PF-05089771 compared well with observed data. Based on the human PK data obtained from the microdose study and subsequent modelling, PF-05089771 provided the best opportunity to explore Nav1.7 blockade for the treatment of acute or chronic pain conditions.
Quantum nanophotonics

By embedding a single quantum emitter inside a nanoresonator that strongly localizes optical field, it is possible to achieve a very strong light-matter interaction. The strength of this interaction is characterized by the coherent emitter-field coupling strength (g), which increases with reduction in the optical mode volume and which also sets the limit on the operational speed of such a system. With InAs quantum dots inside GaAs photonic crystal cavities, coupling strengths of 40 GHz can be reached (much greater than the record values in atom-cavity QED systems), while nanometallic cavities could increase them over 100 GHz, as a result of the further reduction in the mode volume. Such a quantum dot-nanocavity platform is of interest for various quantum technologies, as well as in optical switching/computing [1,2].
A Review of Consumer Behavior Analysis: (A) Rational Approach to Consumer Choice by David P. Kelley III and Byron Wine

Organizational behavior management (OBM) is one of the few subspecialties of applied behavior analysis (ABA) that focuses almost exclusively on changing the behavior of neurotypical adult humans. W...
Case-control study on risk factors of HFMD in Beijing City

[Objective]to explore risk factors of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD),and provide evidence for developing its control measures. [Methods]From July 5 to August 9,a 1∶1 case-control study on risk factors of HFMD was performed in Beijing Children's Hospital.The relevant information was analyzed with logistic regression. [Results]Close contact with HFMD patients in 10 days was the major risk factor(OR=53.110).Local domiciles,heard HFMD,washing hands were the protective factors. [Conclusion]Enhancing HFMD's knowledge training,forming hands washing habit and avoiding contact with suspected patients are the important countermeasures for HFMD prevention.
Clinical, clinicopathologic, radiographic, and ultrasonographic abnormalities in dogs with fatal acute pancreatitis: 70 cases (1986-1995).

OBJECTIVE To determine clinical, clinicopathologic, radiographic, ultrasonographic, and coagulation abnormalities in dogs in which acute pancreatitis was fatal. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS 70 dogs. PROCEDURE History, clinical signs, and physical examination findings at the time of initial evaluation at the veterinary teaching hospital; results of pretreatment laboratory tests, abdominal radiography, and ultrasonography; and histologic abnormalities were obtained from medical records. RESULTS Clinical signs included anorexia, vomiting, Weakness, diarrhea, polyuria and polydipsia, neurologic abnormalities, melena, weight loss, hematemesis, and passage of frank blood in feces. At the time of initial examination at the veterinary teaching hospital, 68 (97%) dogs were dehydrated, 18 (26%) were icteric, 22 (32%) were febrile, 40 (58%) had signs of abdominal pain, and 30 (43%) were classified as overweight or obese. Most dogs had leukocytosis, neutrophilia with a left shift, and thrombocytopenia. Various serum biochemical abnormalities were identified, including hypoglycemia, azotemia, hypercalcemia and other electrolyte abnormalities, hypoalbuminemia, high hepatic and pancreatic enzyme activities, hypercholesterolemia, and lipemia. For 17 of 28 (61%) dogs, results of coagulation function tests were abnormal. Results of abdominal ultrasonography and radiography were consistent with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in 23 of 34 (68%) and 10 of 41 (24%) dogs, respectively. For 2 dogs, results of abdominal ultrasonography were not suggestive of acute pancreatitis, but results of abdominal radiography were. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Clinical signs and results of clinicopathologic tests are inconsistent. Abdominal ultrasonography may be valuable in the diagnostic evaluation of dogs suspected to have acute pancreatitis.
Implementation of a multidisciplinary nutritional assessment program.

A team approach to nutritional assessment can lead to an increased awareness of the importance of nutritional support and optimal nutritional care for the hospitalized patient at all times.
Bone Fixation Technique for Transvaginal Needle Suspension

SUMMARY The transvaginal needle suspension procedure coupled with the bone fixation technique provides excellent restoration of continence without causing outflow obstruction. The surgical procedure is precise, with a significant decrease in postoperative pain and discomfort when the pubic tubercle is utilized as the fixation point for the suspension sutures.
Laser microsurgical repair of soft tissue: a demonstration of surgical techniques

New experimental laser microsurgical procedures that utilize laser energy to heat denture tissue components for use as a biological glue or seal are described. Properties of the Nd:YAG, argon, and CO2 lasers are compared. Factors concerning choice of laser mode, wavelength, power level, time exposure, and spot size critical for laser tissue welding are discussed. Histological sections of the human (in vitro studies) and animal (in vivo studies) are examined.
The CMU mobile computers: a new generation of computer systems

A novel class of mobile, wearable computer systems designed and manufactured at Carnegie Mellon University is described. These wearable systems provide a variety of capabilities including head mounted display, speech recognition, wireless telecommunication, and global position sensing. The mobile computer emphasizes the integration of computer supplied information in the mobile workspace. Three generations of wearable computers representing an evolution in capabilities are described: VuMan 1, VuMan 2, and Navigator. >
High-Density SNP Arrays Reveals the Possible Presence of Multi-Loci Genetic Predisposition for Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS).

Complex genetic non-Mendelian traits may be responsible for the predisposition to many conditions. MDS likely evolves as a result of the interaction between environmental agents and genetic background. Examples of genetic factors that could affect the risk for the development of MDS or influence its course include immunogenetic factors, polymorphisms of detoxifying enzymes, proteins of DNA repair machinery and senescence-associated genes. Analysis of the complex interactions between a multitude of gene variants and disease phenotypes is difficult and empiric approaches have little chance of identifying polymorphisms associated with specific genotypes. Recently, development of a whole genome scan based on the detection of individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) provided an excellent tool to search for disease specific haplotypes. We applied the Affymetrix 50K SNP array (SNP-A) to study 66 MDS patients (21 RA/RCMD, 17 RARS, 22 RAEB1/2, 6 CMML) and 29 control marrow specimens. In total, 3,135 x 10 6 and 1,377 x 10 6 genotypes were obtained for MDS and controls respectively. As a reference, we have also used 40 matched controls from the HapMap project. Genotype calls were computed using GTYPE and analyzed with Exemplar software. All samples with inadequate call rates were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed using χ2, Yates, Fisher Exact, Odds Ratio, LD, TDT, HHRR and Haplotype estimates analysis; necessary corrective measures (Bonferroni, Wilcox/permutation and false discovery rate) were applied as well as EM (expectation maximization) algorithm module that performs haplotype-based analysis in order to identify possible association between haplotype pairs and the phenotype. Automated analysis selected SNP based on multiple lines of statistical evidence and we reduced the pool of potentially informative SNP markers to the 100 most significant present in the entire MDS group. Of these, SNP present in
Efficient tracking with distinctive target colors and silhouette

Target tracking using color based appearance models is very popular in visual tracking. However, trackers based only on color are fragile and often drift to the background when it has similar appearances. In this paper, we propose an efficient way to use distinctive target colors to track the target and eliminate the drift problem. Colors are sampled from the target and its immediate surrounding region. And color samples coming from target result in more distinctive target color. In our approach, we use a short and a long time color histogram to represent the target color. The short time color histogram is used to calculate the distinctiveness of colors while the long time color histogram is used to keep the target color that is consistent over time. In our approach, the target is not marked as a rectangle or other geometric primitives, instead, we track it with its own silhouette. Using silhouette to mark target significantly reduces the false positive information during online learning. Also, the color models are updated with a dynamic learning factor which is based on the tracking result. After testing with many tracking sequences and comparison with other state-of-art trackers, the proposed tracking algorithm shows comparably better performance with very high tracking rate.
CREATING A DELAER LEVEL INTEGRATED MARKETING MODEL: A GROUNDED THEORY APPROACH

The agricultural equipment industry is going through change, driven by world demand for food and the efficient production required to produce it. Equipment dealers have traditionally existed as privately owned distributors for equipment manufacturers, but are becoming marketing organizations on their own due to consolidation. This paper uses grounded theory to describe a model of how marketing integration is emerging within agricultural equipment dealerships. It suggests that formal strategy and informal culture must both be managed in order for integration to occur in progressive dealers.
134 Analysis of injury deaths in the white mountain apache tribe to inform an injury prevention needs assessment

Introduction Injuries are the leading cause of death for American Indians ages 1–44 and the third leading cause of death overall. American Indians experience mortality and morbidity from injuries at disproportionate rates as compared to the overall US population. Understanding causes of death can inform prevention programming. The White Mountain Apache Tribe resides on the Fort Apache Reservation, a land mass the size of Delaware, and is part of the ‘Phoenix Area’ Indian Health Service region. The tribe has approximately 17 500 enrolled members; a third are 10–24 years old. Methods Mortality data from the White Mountain Apache Tribe (WMAT) was requested and received from the Arizona Department of Health Services. The data represents mortality death for American Indians residents of Arizona within selected zip codes for WMAT for 2006–2014. Causes of deaths were analysed by primary diagnosis code, and cross tabulated by age. A preventable mortality analysis is planned to expand understanding of the circumstances of unintentional injury deaths. Results A total of 114 unintentional deaths were recorded in the Arizona Department of Health Services vital records database from 2006–2014 from the selected zip codes. Motor vehicle fatalities (n=50) represent the greatest number of deaths for both children (n=14) and adults (n=36). Poisonings were the second leading cause of unintentional injury death (n=30). Nearly all poisoning deaths were adults (n=28). Additional unintentional injury categories with multiple deaths include falls (n=9); suffocation (n=6); drowning (n=5); and natural/environmental (n=4). A total of n=23 (20%) of deaths occurred in individuals less than twenty years old. Preventable mortality analysis results will be summarised and presented. Conclusions These findings have significant implications for prevention efforts in the White Mountain Apache Tribal community. WMAT will prioritise the reduction of motor vehicle accidents and poisoning deaths. Understanding causes of death can inform prevention programming and priority setting.
Discussion of: 10-K Disclosure Repetition and Managerial Reporting Incentives

ABSTRACT: We discuss the evolution of research on textual attributes in accounting and suggest potential directions for future research using Cazier and Pfeiffer (2017) to illustrate the challenges and opportunities in the literature. We categorize the literature based on whether a given textual attribute is assumed to be “discretionary” versus “nondiscretionary” and whether it is assumed to be “helpful” versus “harmful.” The literature to date has been largely descriptive, with limited focus on causality, and we argue that there are substantial opportunities for research that better isolate the discretionary components of textual disclosure, as well as identifying specific contexts in which a given attribute is more likely to be helpful than harmful. JEL Classifications: D8; M4.
EFFECT OF WEIGHTED JUMP WARM-UP ON VERTICAL JUMP IN FEMALE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

Warm-ups which elicit a post activation potentiation (PAP) effect may increase performance in subsequent activities requiring strength and power. However, finding practical methods to best manipulate and exploit PAP remains elusive. Purpose: To determine if a warm-up that included weighted jumps would elicit a PAP effect and increase subsequent vertical jump (VJ) height. Methods: Ten female NCAA Division II volleyball players participated (age = 19.8 ± 1.8 yrs; mass = 71.7 ± 9.7 kg; ht = 167.8 ±23.9 cm). Two warm-up conditions were randomly employed: 1) light jogging, high knees, carioca, shuffling, ankle pops, pogos, and tuck jumps; and 2) an identical warm-up, plus 10 maximal VJs while wearing 20% of bodyweight. At 4-minutes post, VJ was randomly assessed in two conditions: 1) 2-hand standing block VJ (SBVJ), and 2) 1-hand 3-step approach VJ (AVJ). Paired Samples T-test determined if there was a significant difference (p 0.05) occurred in the SBVJ (262.1 vs. 263.0 cm, warm-up vs. warm-up with weight vest, respectively). However, the AVJ was significantly higher by 2.7±1.5 cm (p < 0.05; 275.1±13.2 vs. 277.8±13.2 cm) with the weight vest added to their warm-up. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that a dynamic warm-up with the addition of weighted jumps may increase 3-step AVJ ability in female collegiate volleyball players. However, no effect was seen in 2-hand SBVJ ability. Coaches may consider using a warm-up that includes weighted jumps to optimize performance in sports like volleyball where vertical jumps with an approach are key components of competition. Article visualizations:
Low-Profile Dual-Band Filtering Antenna Using Common Planar Cavity

A dual-band filtering antenna with orthogonal polarizations in the two bands is presented. The antenna is based on the single-layer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. A dual-mode rectangular SIW cavity with two orthogonal modes functions as a common high-Q resonator, leading to the compact size of the proposed design. The dual-mode cavity is coupled to two orthogonally polarized slot-loaded SIW cavities for radiation. The low-profile antenna shows broadside peak gain of 5.94 dBi at low-band operating frequency of 4.3 GHz with a 3 dB bandwidth of 2.4%, while it shows 6.45 dBi gain at 5.02 GHz with 3 dB bandwidth of 6% for the high band.
Integrated Pest Management, Biofuels, and a New Green Revolution: A Case Study of the American Midwest

Agricultural pest control scientists in the American Midwest currently work in a context created by the intersection of three distinct threads of innovation: (1) practices that increased the yields of corn (also called maize, Zea mays L.), (2) new ways of controlling pests, and (3) the use of corn grain and other biomass to produce fuel ethanol. Public policies beginning in the 1970s and strengthening in 2005 promoted the markets for fuel ethanol and thus generated higher average prices for corn producers. The higher prices combined with new insecticidal tools will encourage, under current circumstances, continued reliance on the chemical control strategy for insects attacking corn. Higher prices for corn will also encourage less rotation of corn with soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), which in turn will exacerbate problems with corn rootworms. If production of ethanol from cellulose becomes commercially feasible, Midwestern farmers will probably convert land from corn, soybean, conservation, and pasture to switchgrass (Panicaum virgatum L.) and Miscanthus, thus altering the biological landscape and producing pest control effects that are hard to predict. Farmers currently have a minimal embrace of integrated pest management (IPM), and little suggests that embrace is likely to increase in the near future. As a result, Midwestern corn production remains vulnerable to long-recognized problems with pesticides: resistance, induction of population shifts of various species, and environmental risks. Pest control scientists working within the IPM strategy continue to have stimulating challenges in producing successful IPM practices.
Development of a Model for Evaluating the Interaction Between Human Pre-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemic Cells and the Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Microenvironment

Clonal expansion of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is potentially regulated by survival, growth, and death signals transduced by the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Using a human BM stromal cell culture that supports the growth of normal human B-cell precursors, we established a pre-B ALL cell line designated BLIN-2. BLIN-2 has a clonal rearrangement of the Ig heavy chain locus, a dic(9;20) chromosomal abnormality, and a bi-allelic deletion of the p16(INK4a) and p19(ARF) genes. The most interesting feature of BLIN-2 is an absolute dependence on adherent human BM stromal cells for sustained survival and growth. BLIN-2 cultured in the absence of BM stromal cells undergo apoptosis, and direct contact with viable BM stromal cells is essential for optimal growth. BLIN-2 cells also grow on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)-negative human skin fibroblasts, making it unlikely that a very late antigen-4 (VLA-4)/VCAM-1 interaction is required for BLIN-2 growth. Western blot analysis of BLIN-2 cells cultured in the presence or absence of BM stromal cells demonstrates that contact of BLIN-2 with BM stromal cells induces hyperphosphorylation of Rb. In contrast, the pre-B ALL cell line BLIN-1, which has a bi-allelic deletion of p16(INK4a) p19(ARF) but does not require BM stromal cells for growth, does not undergo Rb phosphorylation after BM stromal cell contact. The BLIN-2 cell line will facilitate identification of ligand/receptor interactions at the B-cell precursor/BM stromal cell interface and may provide new insight into microenvironmental regulation of leukemic cell survival and growth.
Cognitive Radios in Public Safety and Spectrum Management

As wireless communications become more important to daily life, the wireless research community must create more efficient and useful radios to satisfy the rising needs for spectrum. The cognitive radio work covered in this paper addresses the spectrum and communications issues. Cognitive radios are aware, flexible, and intelligent, and they allow a radio to understand the wireless environment and make autonomous decisions to adapt themselves for efficient operation. A network of cognitive radios is a network that performs independent spectrum management to maximize all radios’ successful operation, even in the presence of legacy, or non-cognitive, radios. This paper discusses work done at Virginia Tech to build a cognitive radio as well as the economic, political, and technological issues surrounding cognitive radio adoption. Specifically, this paper addresses the impact of cognitive radio technology on the public safety community and spectrum management.
Using heuristic MCMC method for terminal location planning in intermodal transportation

In this paper, we consider the planning of terminal locations for intermodal transportation systems. With a given number of potential locations, we aim to find the most appropriate number of those as terminals to provide the economically most efficient operation when multiple service pairs are needed simultaneously. The problem also has an inherent task to determine the optimal route paths for each service pair. For this NP-hard problem, we present a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)-based two-layer method to find a suboptimal solution. In the lower layer, the routing for all service pairs given a particular location planning is solved through a table-based heuristic method that considers both efficiency and fairness. In the upper layer, by mapping the cost function into a stationary distribution, the optimal planning is solved based on a MCMC method that integrates advantages of both simulated annealing and slice sampling. Finally, the effectiveness of this heuristic MCMC-based method is demonstrated through computer experiments.
SURFACE AND BULK VIBRATIONS IN ION-IMPLANTED AMORPHOUS SILICA

Infrared reflection spectroscopy (IRS) has been used to identify the Si-O vibrational mode and confirm previous assignments of Si-OH, and Si-OD vibrational modes in porous amorphous silica implanted with heavy ions and with H/sup +/ and D/sup +/ ions. The Si-O stretching mode (approx. 1015 cm/sup -1/) is produced by the damage cascade and is seen in all implanted bulk silicas as well as in porous silica. Implantation of porous silica with H/sup +/ and D/sup +/ ions produces bands at approx. 985 cm/sup -1/ and approx. 960 cm-/sup 1/, respectively. The position of all three bands is consistent with O, OH, and OD mass considerations. Implantation of D/sup +/ ions into porous silica containing molecular water and OH/sup -/ groups results in D-H exchange. The Si-OH and Si-OD vibrations are also seen in the bulk fused silica at low H/D fluences. These results suggest that intrinsic E'-type defects in bulk silica and dangling Si bonds at internal surface sites.
Salience, Food Security, and SNAP Receipt

Household food insecurity status in the United States is ascertained by a battery of close-ended questions. We posit that the monthly nature of benefit receipt from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) creates experiences of food hardship, which become salient in the context of SNAP receipt, and in turn exert influence on the response to food security questions. We test this hypothesis by examining answers to a 30-day food security module in relation to when SNAP benefits are received. We find that for SNAP households near the end of or at the beginning of the benefit month, the probability of being classified as food insecure increases by 11 percentage points, over a baseline of 42 percent. We also find that the probability of responding affirmatively to any of the first five items in the module increases during this time. We discuss the importance of these findings for the estimation of food security and its implication on program evaluation.
Spinal cord stimulation ameliorates detrusor over-activity and visceromotor pain responses in rats with cystitis

Author(s): Chang, Huiyi H; Yeh, Jih-Chao; Mao, Jackie; Ginsberg, David A; Ghoniem, Gamal; Rodriguez, Larissa V | Abstract: AimInterstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome/(IC/PBS) results in recurring pain in the bladder and surrounding pelvic region caused by abnormal excitability of micturition reflexes. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is currently clinically used for the attenuation of neuropathic and visceral pain. The present study examined whether SCS at upper lumbar segments modulates detrusor overactivity and visceral hyperalgesia associated with cystitis in a rat model of cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis.MethodsCystitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CYP (200 mg/kg) in six adult female Sprague Dawley rats 48 h prior to urodynamic recordings. Another six rats served as-controls with saline injection. Cystometry and the external urethral sphincter (EUS) electromyography during bladder infusion were evaluated under urethane anesthesia. The visceromotor reflexes (VMR) obtained from the external abdominal oblique muscle were quantified during bladder infusion and isotonic bladder distension (IBD), respectively. After baseline recordings were taken, SCS was applied on the dorsal surface of L3 for 25 min. Urodynamic recordings and VMR during bladder infusion and IBD were repeated 2 h after SCS.ResultsCYP resulted in detrusor overactivity, stronger EUS tonic contractions, and increased VMR. SCS significantly reduced non-voiding contractions, prolonged EUS relaxation, and delayed VMR appearance during bladder infusion as well as significantly decreased VMR during IBD in cystitis rats.ConclusionSCS improved bladder function and EUS relaxation during bladder infusion and significantly attenuated visceral nociceptive-related VMR during IBD in cystitis rats. SCS may have therapeutic potential for patients with hyperalgesia and IC/PBS.
Probing Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction at Individual Cu Nanostructures via Optically Targeted Electrochemical Cell Microscopy

Optically targeted electrochemical cell microscopy (OTECCM) was applied to measure electrocatalytic rates at individual Cu nanoparticles (NPs) under electrolyte conditions relevant to CO2 reduction. The electrocatalytic responses from individual NPs were found to exhibit a wide variation in behavior, with significant NP-to-NP variations in the magnitude of electrocatalytic currents and necessary overpotentials being observed. Correlations of these quantities with metrics of NP size suggest no significant variations in the inherent electrocatalytic activity of the NPs with size. Finite element simulations of diffusion in this system demonstrate the observed diffusion-limited currents are significantly smaller than expected, attributable to the presence of a significant amount of residual ligand on the surface of the Cu NPs, which were prepared via an organic phase synthesis. The results presented here further demonstrate the promise of techniques which employ correlated optical and electrochemical measurements, such as OTECCM, for studying electrocatalysis at individual NPs.
Justifications and Excuses

Most civilized systems of penal law recognize "excuses" and "justifications." The continental systems stress a distinction between justification and excuse more than do the common law countries. To understand the basis for separating these defenses we must be aware that the continental systems have set certain prerequisites for criminality. There must first be human conduct which is the result of the human will. This conduct to be relevant must fulfill one of the definitions of the penal code. The act which is spoken .of in this context has been termed "fact-pattern-conforming."In order to have a "fact-pattern-conforming" (tatbestandsmassig) act it is not necessary that the actor can be blamed for the act. Indeed, a mentally ill or intoxicated person can perform this type of act. The mental attitude of the actor is irrelevant to the continental analysis of the act. The next requirement for criminality under continental criminal law is that the act which is fact-pattern-conforming be also unlawful. That is, the act must be an objective violation of a legal provision. It is at this point that the concept of justification arises: when under certain circumstances something which is normally deemed unlawful is deemed lawful, the act is said to be justified. In other words, the code may define a certain use of force as being unlawful, but under certain circumstances, such as self-defense, the act is not unlawful and it may even be highly desirable from a social point of view. Since conduct which is justified is considered lawful the actor may not be punished.The continental criminal law has, as a final prerequisite to criminality, the requirement that the perpetrator must have had a blameworthy state of mind or guilt. The concept of guilt is not the same as the common law idea of mens rea. Rather than being an awareness of wrongdoing by the actor, guilt is viewed as a socio-ethical blameworthiness. Guilt is incurred when the actor can be blamed· for his conduct. This requires that the actor must have had a mental capacity for incurring guilt as well as actual intent or negligence. It is here that the continental systems introduce the concept of excuse. If blameworthiness is missing, the act is considered excused. Excuse is then a concession to human shortcomings. Although the primary demand of continental criminal law is that action be motivated by the standards of the legal order, it is recognized that there are often factors more powerful which will determine human conduct. Thus, although the act is considered morally wrong and unlawful; the circumstances may be such that the law does not find it just or expedient to punish the wrongdoer.
Cool-flame dodecane-droplet extinction diameters

Abstract Previously published simplified n-alkane cool-flame chemistry is re-evaluated for n-dodecane. Comparison with experimental results produces improved rate-parameter estimates for n-dodecane and indicates deterioration of the simplified chemistry with increasing pressure in predictions of droplet diameters at cool-flame extinction.
The what, how, and who, of early childhood professional development (PD): Differential associations of PD and self-reported beliefs and practices

Although there have been calls in the early childhood field for effective approaches to preparing the workforce to support optimal early child development, there is a gap in understanding how diffe...
Multimodal Brain Tumor Segmentation and Survival Prediction Using Hybrid Machine Learning

In this paper, we propose a UNet-VAE deep neural network architecture for brain tumor segmentation and survival prediction. UNet-VAE architecture has shown great success in brain tumor segmentation in the multimodal brain tumor segmentation (BraTS) 2018 challenge. In this work, we utilize the UNet-VAE to extract high dimension features, then fuse with hand-crafted texture features to perform survival prediction. We apply the proposed method to the BraTS 2019 validation dataset for both tumor segmentation and survival prediction. The tumor segmentation result shows dice score coefficient (DSC) of 0.759, 0.90, and 0.806 for enhancing tumor (ET), whole tumor (WT), and tumor core (TC), respectively. For the feature fusion-based survival prediction method, we achieve 56.4% classification accuracy with mean square error (MSE) 101577, and 51.7% accuracy with MSE 70590 for training and validation, respectively. In testing phase, the proposed method for tumor segmentation achieves average DSC of 0.81328, 0.88616, and 0.84084 for ET, WT, and TC, respectively. Moreover, the model offers accuracy of 0.439 with MSE of 449009.135 for overall survival prediction in testing phase.
Non-Accidental Trauma Associated with Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Medical Treatment in Severe Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.

Introduction In highly developed countries, as many as 16 percent of children are physically abused each year. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common injury in non-accidental trauma (NAT) and is responsible for 80 percent of fatal NAT cases, with most deaths occurring in children younger than three years old. Cases of abusers who refuse withdrawal of life-sustaining medical treatment (LSMT) to avoid criminal charges have previously been reported. Therefore, we hypothesized that NAT is associated with a lower risk for withdrawal LSMT in pediatric TBI. Methods The pediatric Trauma Quality Improvement Program database was analyzed (2014 to 2016) for patients aged 16 and younger with TBI and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 8 and lower on admission. Patients with a head Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) of 2 or less or who died within 48 hours were excluded. A multivariable logistic regression model was used for analysis. Results Of 2,209 TBI patients, 92 (4.2 percent) had withdrawal of LSMT. Compared to those without withdrawal of LMST, those with LMST had statistically similar median age (three years of age versus seven years) and a higher rate of NAT (33.7 percent versus 13.5 percent). The most common specified perpetrator was a father/stepfather/male partner (70 percent). After adjusting for covariates, factors associated with higher risk for withdrawal of LSMT included age of less than three years (OR 2.38, CI 1.34-4.23) and NAT (OR 1.86, CI 1.02-3.41). Conclusion NAT is associated with increased risk for withdrawal of LSMT in pediatric TBI. Age of less than three years is similarly associated with a higher risk for withdrawal of LSMT. Future research in this population is needed to determine what other factors predict withdrawal of LSMT and what resources, such as social workers and/or ethics consults, are utilized.
Do bats seek clean water? A perspective on biodiversity from the Namib Desert

Abstract Water abundance, distribution, and quality are key elements affecting species distributions in arid environments, yet how their interactions structure specific animal communities is often unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we examined relationships between bodies of water and bat communities in the northern Namib Desert. We predicted that water quality would be poorer (i.e., higher indices of electrical conductivity and ion concentrations) during the dry season and at artificial pools, and that bat species richness and activity would consequently be lower at these sites. We conducted extensive fieldwork at the terminus of the hot, dry season from November 2016 to January 2017 and at the conclusion of the following wet season from March to May 2017, collecting water samples and acoustic recordings of bat activity at both natural springs (n = 18) and artificial pools (n = 5). Overall activity (but not species richness) was greater during the wet season and at artificial pools, but we did not find systematic differences in water quality driven by seasonality or water body type. Although individual artificial pools harbored significantly greater bat activity, >35% of the species that we recorded were present only at natural springs. While bat species richness was reduced at saline sites, only the activity of the Zulu serotine also related to water quality. In general, water surface area was more often associated with bat activity in the Namib Desert than was water quality.
Hysteresis branch crossing and the Stoner-Wohlfarth model.

The Stoner–Wohlfarth model predicts the crossing of the ascending and descending branches of the hysteretic magnetization curve. This crossing behavior has widely been dismissed, with the claim that it violates the laws of thermodynamics. Experimental verification of hysteresis branch crossing has not been acknowledged in the literature. Here we show, both theoretically and experimentally, that the crossing of the ascending and descending branches of the magnetization curve is a robust, reproducible phenomenon which does not violate any fundamental law.
Rings and Bent Chain Galaxies in the GEMS and GOOD Fields

Twenty-four galaxies with rings or partial rings were studied in the GEMS and GOODS fields out to z~1.4. Most resemble local collisional ring galaxies in morphology, size, and clumpy star formation. Clump ages range from 10^8 to 10^9 yr and clump masses go up to several x10^8 Msun, based on color evolution models. The clump ages are consistent with the expected lifetimes of ring structures if they are formed by collisions. Fifteen other galaxies that resemble the arcs in partial ring galaxies but have no evident disk emission were also studied. Their clumps have bluer colors at all redshifts compared to the clumps in the ring and partial ring sample, and their clump ages are younger than in rings and partial rings by a factor of ~10. In most respects, they resemble chain galaxies except for their curvature; we refer to them as ``bent chains.'' Several rings are symmetric with centered nuclei and no obvious companions. They could be outer Lindblad resonance rings, although some have no obvious bars or spirals to drive them. If these symmetric cases are resonance rings, then they could be the precursors of modern resonance rings, which are only ~30% larger on average. This similarity in radius suggests that the driving pattern speed has not slowed by more by ~30% during the last ~7 Gy. Those without bars could be examples of dissolved bars.
An Experimental Proof that Resistance-Switching Memory Cells are not Memristors

Author(s): Kim, Jinsun; Pershin, Yuriy V; Yin, Ming; Datta, Timir; Di Ventra, Massimiliano | Abstract: It has been suggested that all resistive-switching memory cells are memristors. The latter are hypothetical, ideal devices whose resistance, as originally formulated, depends only on the net charge that traverses them. Recently, an unambiguous test has been proposed [J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. {\bf 52}, 01LT01 (2019)] to determine whether a given physical system is indeed a memristor or not. Here, we experimentally apply such a test to both in-house fabricated Cu-SiO2 and commercially available electrochemical metallization cells. Our results unambiguously show that electrochemical metallization memory cells are not memristors. Since the particular resistance-switching memories employed in our study share similar features with many other memory cells, our findings refute the claim that all resistance-switching memories are memristors. They also cast doubts on the existence of ideal memristors as actual physical devices that can be fabricated experimentally. Our results then lead us to formulate two memristor impossibility conjectures regarding the impossibility of building a model of physical resistance-switching memories based on the memristor model.
Human Trafficking in the Radiology Setting

Abstract Human trafficking, a form of modern-day slavery, occurs in nearly every zip code in the United States. Victims of human trafficking suffer prolonged abuse and exposure to hazardous living conditions, resulting in severe health implications. Unrecognized human trafficking victims interact with healthcare providers when seeking care for abuse trauma. Radiology nurses and technologists are uniquely situated to interact with these victims privately during scanning procedures. Therefore, radiology nurses and technologists need to be equipped to recognize signs of trafficking and empowered to disrupt the heinous cycle of abuse. The purpose of this article is to inform radiology nurses and technologists to identify victims of human trafficking and initiate their rescue to safety from a life of exploitation.
Cadherin cis and trans interactions are mutually cooperative

Cadherin transmembrane proteins are responsible for intercellular adhesion in all biological tissues and modulate tissue morphogenesis, cell motility, force transduction, and macromolecular transport. The protein-mediated adhesions consist of adhesive trans interactions and lateral cis interactions. Although theory suggests cooperativity between cis and trans bonds, direct experimental evidence of such cooperativity has not been demonstrated. Here, the use of superresolution microscopy, in conjunction with intermolecular single-molecule Forster resonance energy transfer, demonstrated the mutual cooperativity of cis and trans interactions. Results further demonstrate the consequent assembly of large intermembrane junctions, using a biomimetic lipid bilayer cell adhesion model. Notably, the presence of cis interactions resulted in a nearly 30-fold increase in trans-binding lifetimes between epithelial-cadherin extracellular domains. In turn, the presence of trans interactions increased the lifetime of cis bonds. Importantly, comparison of trans-binding lifetimes of small and large cadherin clusters suggests that this cooperativity is primarily due to allostery. The direct quantitative demonstration of strong mutual cooperativity between cis and trans interactions at intermembrane adhesions provides insights into the long-standing controversy of how weak cis and trans interactions act in concert to create strong macroscopic cell adhesions.
Random Controlled Trial of Sham Electroconvulsive Therapy and Other Novel Therapies: Historical Notes

ABSTRACT Critics of electroconvulsive therapy argue that the treatment's efficacy is unproven by random controlled trial comparisons with sham treatments. Their reviews fail to consider sham and random controlled trial studies completed in 1950s, the data republished here.
Life Cycle Assessment and Techno-Economic Assessment of Lithium Recovery from Geothermal Brine

Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) play an essential role in the electrification of the transportation sector, and battery demand for lithium compounds will see a significant increase in the coming decade...