cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF OUT-OF-LEVEL SURVEY TESTING ON READING ACHIEVEMENT SCORES OF TITLE I, ESEA STUDENTS

A large proportion of the federal funds provided to local education agencies (LEAs) under Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 has been spent on attempts to remediate reading deficiencies. Under the law, a student's eligibility for Title I services is predicated upon measured educational deficiencies and attending a school that enrolls large numbers of children from federally-defined poverty level families. Procedures employed by LEAs to identify eligible students for Title I reading program services have traditionally been based upon students' scores on various nationally standardized reading tests. Most attempts to assess the impact of Title I remedial reading programs have focused upon 'changes in student reading scores as measured by these same nationally standardized tests. In the early years of Title I the testing procedures employed in student selection and program evaluation called for students to be administered a standardized test that was designed for their current grade level, regardless of their level of academic functioning. This system of determining testing levels was criticized by many teachers, who felt that this "grade-level testing" of Title I students yielded unreliable scores. The teachers argued that large numbers of Title I students were reading so far below grade level that they were unable to cope with a grade-level test and, as a result, their scores were largely a function of guessing. In 1971, the Rhode Island State Department of Education responded to these criticisms by authorizing the testing of Title I students at their reading instructional level, rather than their actual grade level. The final decision as to whether to test at grade level or instructional level was left to the discretion of the LEA's. Consequently, a variety of testing models evolved for Title I student selection and program assessment in reading. Some school systems continued to test all students at grade level, some systems tested all students one year below grade level, and others determined the level of test to be administered by considering each student individually. Subsequently, this out-of-level testing led to a new set of problems related to data interpretation and program evaluation. The implicit assumption seemed to be that "data are data" and that a score on an instructional-level test-a test which was designed for, and normed on, a population of students at a lower grade level-would be comparable to the score a student would receive on the test designed for hir actual level. This assumption is reflected in Rhode Island Title I annual reports over a threeyear period (Rhode Island Department of Education, 1972, 1973, 1974). Gradeequivalent scores and score changes of students participating in Title I reading programs in various communities were combined, analyzed, and reported as state averages. Communities having reading programs were also ranked according to the magnitude of reported average program change scores. These procedures are not
Experimental studies of far-field superlens for sub-diffractional optical imaging

Contrary to the conventional near-field superlensing, subwavelength superlens imaging is experimentally demonstrated in the far-field. The key element is termed as a Far-field SuperLens (FSL) which consists of a conventional superlens and a nanoscale coupler. The evanescent fields from the object are enhanced and then converted into propagating fields by the FSL. By only measuring the propagating field in the far-field, the object image can be reconstructed with subwavelength resolution. As an example of this concept, we design and fabricate a silver structured one dimensional FSL. Experimental results show that feature resolution of better than 50nm is possible using current FSL design.
Accumulation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin by rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) at environmentally relevant dietary concentrations

Rainbow trout were fed a diet containing 1.8, 18, or 90 pg/g 3H-2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) for up to 320 d. Concentrations of TCDD were determined in muscle, liver, and ovaries at 100, 150, 200, and 250 d. Concentrations of TCDD reached an apparent steady-state concentration in liver after 100 d of exposure, whereas concentrations in other tissues continued to increase until 150 d of exposure. The greatest portion of the total mass of TCDD was present in the muscle tissue with lesser proportions in other organs. As the ovaries developed before spawning, an increase occurred in the total mass of TCDD present in this tissue. The assimilation rate of TCDD during the initial 100 d of the exposure was determined to be between 10 and 30%. This is somewhat less than estimates derived based on both uptake and elimination constants determined during shorter exposures. Biomagnification factors (BMFs) were estimated for all tissues and exposure concentrations, and at all exposure periods. Lipid-normalized BMFs for muscle ranged from 0.38 to 1.51, which is consistent with the value of 1.0 predicted from fugacity theory. Uptake and depuration rate constants were determined and used to predict individual organ TCDD concentrations. Comparison with observed values indicated that the model could be used to predict tissue concentrations from the known concentrations of TCDD in food. This model will allow more refined risk assessments by predicting TCDD concentrations in sensitive tissues such as developing eggs.
Plasma transferrin phenotype and gene frequencies in the population of Rome (Italy).

Frequencies of transferrin phenotypes and genes were determined in a sample of 319 randomly selected subjects from the population of Rome. Disc electrophoresis on acrylamide gel columns was adopted for the phenotype identification. A statistical analysis on these and all the data so far collected in other areas of the world would suggest that a high degree of homogeneity is present among white populations, while a certain degree of heterogeneity exists among coloured populations.
Reflections on corrosion control by organic coatings

Abstract Organic coatings, along with proper surface pretreatment, are the most common and cost effective mode of corrosion protection for metallic objects and structures. From automobiles to jet aircraft, from chemical factories to dishwashers, exterior surfaces of corrodible metals such as steel and aluminum alloys are effectively protected from their environment by a coating system. This role for coatings is historically one of the oldest that coatings have been asked to perform, so the problem of understanding how and why coatings control corrosion is a key issue for coatings science. This topic is especially germane to a symposium in honor of Werner Funke, as he has been one of the leading coatings scientists to have probed this issue both experimentally and philosophically. His unique insight and the questions he has raised have served, and will serve, to guide corrosion/coatings scientists for many years. The key questions for the coatings scientist are still “How and why do coatings protect metallic substrates from corrosion?”, and “How can one improve this protection and its reproducibility?”. These are the questions toward which this paper is directed, questions which were pertinent when first raised by Professor Funke, and are still pertinent today.
What Petri dishes have to do with your research

This article, by Douglas VanDerwerken, was a runner-up in the Young Statisticians Group/Significance Writing competition. It nicely explains why throwing away data is not a good idea.
The role of reactor characterization in NAA quality assurance

As a result of the NBSR upgrade to 20 MW, an extensive program of recharacterization of the irradiation facilities was undertaken. These measurements were made to (1) evaluate the neutron flux density and its variability over the irradiation volume, and (2) help establish safe irradiation conditions for samples in the NBSR. Techniques used to measure the following parameters are described: thermal neutron flux density; flux variations within an irradiation volume and between irradiations; relative fast neutron flux density; maximum temperatures generated by different sample matrices in various irradiation facilities; and pressures generated in sealed containers by radiolytic decomposition.
Computation of the magnetization curve for vanadium at T = 0°C

Abstract The magnetization of pure vanadium for H close to Hcl at T = 0°K is calculated by the boson method. The results are in very good agreement with experiment.
Modification of surface properties of cellulosic substrates by quaternized silicone emulsions

Abstract The present work describes the effect of quaternization of silicones as well as the relevant treatment parameter pH on the frictional, morphological and relaxation properties of fabric substrates. Due to their unique surface properties, silicone polymers are extensively used to modify surface properties of various materials, although the effects of functionalization of silicones and relevant process conditions on modification of substrates are not well understood. Specifically we show a considerable reduction in fabric friction, roughness and waviness upon treatment with quaternized silicones. The treatment at acidic pH results in better deposition of silicone polymers onto the fabric as confirmed through streaming potential measurements which show charge reversal of the fabric. Interestingly, Raman spectroscopy studies show the band of C–O ring stretching mode at ∼1095 cm−1 shift towards higher wavenumber indicating lowering of stress in fibers upon appropriate silicone treatment. Thus along with the morphological and frictional properties being altered, silicone treatment can lead to a reduction in fabric strain. It is concluded that the electrostatic interactions play an initial role in modification of the fiber substrate followed by multilayer deposition of polymer. This multi-technique approach to study fiber properties upon treatment by combining macro to molecular level methods has helped in understanding of new functional coating materials.
The challenge and promise in rural development

(1988). The challenge and promise in rural development. Social Thought: Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 34-46.
Feasibility, Acceptability, and Initial Efficacy of a Knowledge-Contact Program to Reduce Mental Illness Stigma and Improve Mental Health Literacy in Adolescents

The purpose of this school-based cluster-randomized trial was to determine the initial acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy of an existing community-based intervention, In Our Own Voice, in a sample of US adolescent girls aged 13-17 years (n = 156). In Our Own Voice is a knowledge-contact intervention that provides knowledge about mental illness to improve mental health literacy and facilitates intergroup contact with persons with mental illness as a means to reduce mental illness stigma. This longitudinal study was set in two public high schools located in a southern urban community of the U.S. Outcomes included measures of mental illness stigma and mental health literacy. Findings support the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention for adolescents who enrolled in the study. Findings to support the efficacy of In Our Own Voice to reduce stigma and improve mental health literacy are mixed. The intervention did not reduce mental illness stigma or improve mental health literacy at one week follow up. The intervention did not reduce mental illness stigma at 4 and 8 weeks follow up. The intervention did improve mental health literacy at 4 and 8 weeks follow up. Previous studies have assessed the preliminary efficacy In Our Own Voice among young adults; rarely has In Our Own Voice been investigated longitudinally and with adolescents in the United States. This study provides initial data on the effects of In Our Own Voice for this population and can be used to further adapt the intervention for adolescents.
On Gert Modeling of a Class of Finite Queueing Processes

Abstract A set of formulas relating two random variables is developed. With these results, the branch parameters of GERT network models for reliability and queueing problems can be calculated. Two examples illustrating the technique are presented. The basic results can be applied to a variety of queueing problems of the M/G/1 and G/M/1 type.
A conceptual framework for the study of employee benefits

Abstract The purpose of this article is to (1) demonstrate that the benefits construct is ambiguous and in need of clarification, (2) identify issues that must be resolved in defining the benefit construct, and (3) propose a benefit construct definition and a nomological network that can provide a framework for the study of employee benefits.
Lipocortin 1 immunoreactivity identifies microglia in adult rat brain

Immunohistochemical localization of two Ca++-binding proteins, Lipocortin 1 (LC1) and S100-β, demonstrates two distinct classes of primitive glia in the floor plate of rat embryos. With proper fixation (formalin-lysine-periodate-acetic acid), dendritic glia in the CNS of adult rats also apparently stain for either LC1 or S100-β in the ratio of 1:3. In order to further distinguish and identify these two glial classes, we have examined their population density, topography, and responses to localized neuron death. Neurons of the ipsilateral thalamus undergo apoptosis following cortical ablation; the contralateral thalamus serves as control. By eight days post-lesion, the number of LC1 cells in the ipsilateral thalamus has increased >4-fold, the increase comprising primarily activated phagocytes adjacent to degenerating neurons. The S100-β glia in the same region are virtual- ly indistinguishable from control; but background staining (apparently representing extracellular S100-β) is increased. Thus, the responses of dendritic LC1 glia resemble those previously described for microglia and are quite different from the astrocytes identified by S100-β immunoreactivity. Both dendritic and activated forms of LC1 glia stain with the microglial marker, Griffonia simplicifolia iso-lectin B4. However, before the correspondence of LC1 glia and microglia can be confirmed, two anomalies require resolution: (1) the LC1 glia are greater in number and more evenly distributed than microglia marked with other methods; (2) the dendritic LC1 glia apparently are progeny of primitive glia that form the midline raphe of the embryonic floor plate. The participation of LC1 glia in the removal of CNS debris supports the hypothesis that LC1 plays anti-inflammatory and/or immunosuppressive roles in phagocytes. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Elevated CA 125 serum levels and epithelial ovarian cancer metastatic to retroperitoneal lymph nodes

Elevations in CA 125 levels have been reported in approximately 80% of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Studies demonstrate that elevations of CA 125 at the time of second-look procedures correlate with the presence of tumor in 100% of cases. Two cases are reported with elevated CA 125 in which clinical examination and noninvasive studies with CAT scans failed to demonstrate tumor. In both cases laparotomy was performed because of the elevation of CA 125. Although intraabdominal exploration did not reveal the source of the CA 125 elevation, extensive retroperitoneal dissection demonstrated microscopic tumor in retrocaval lymph nodes in both cases. The ability to monitor patients with CA 125 is demonstrated and the importance of elevated antigen levels emphasized. Benign conditions associated with falsely positive CA 125 are discussed.
Phytolith assemblages and opal concentrations from modern soils differentiate temperate grasslands of controlled composition on experimental plots at Cedar Creek, Minnesota

Abstract Researchers frequently assume that phytolith assemblages in modern soils reflect composition of recent vegetation because of the direct deposition of silica into the soil, once plants decay. This paper tests this assumption and determines whether temperate grasslands of different composition can be reliably detected based on their silica record in topsoil in a controlled experiment. The differences in total biogenic opal concentration (TBOC) and diversity of morphotypes were assessed in the Biodiversity II experiment (E120) at Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve, Minnesota, USA, where controlled mixtures of C 3 grasses, C 4 grasses, legumes, non-legume forbs, and woody shrubs ( Quercus ) were grown for a period of eight years. The plots have been manually maintained to contain the target species, and thus provide an opportunity to test numerous hypotheses regarding phytolith production patterns under diverse mixtures of plants. Soil samples were obtained from plots representing a variety of functional group mixtures. Pinch soil samples of 20 g from 10 random locations inside each plot were obtained. Phytoliths were extracted from each sample by chemically removing organics and carbonates and using heavy liquid flotation. A chemical dissolution method was used to obtain estimates of TBOC. Morphotypes were counted under a microscope. Morphotypes were analyzed on all plots against each other and against the morphotypes expected in the plants that grow on each plot using ANOVAs, linear regression, PCA and cluster analysis. Average above-ground biomass of expected phytolith producers was weakly but positively correlated with the TBOC values ( R 2 = 0.42). The morphotype analysis showed that species' composition was most accurately reflected in the phytolith assemblages on grass-dominated plots. For example, it was possible to distinguish C 3 , C 4 , or mixed grass-dominated plots from each other. Although the majority of phytoliths were from Poaceae, large shares were also from forbs and woody plants. Plots without any grasses still had some presence of grass phytoliths suggesting limited horizontal translocation and/or inheritance.
Observations of 1–8 Å solar X-ray variability during solar cycle 21

Abstract One of the goals of the Solar Electromagnetic Radiation Flux Study (SERFS) for the World Ionospheric-Thermospheric Study (WITS) is to provide a more complete record of the variation of the daily 1–8 A solar soft X-ray flux. As part of this study, I will calculate the daily mean and the daily background X-ray fluxes. The background fluxes, which I present in this paper, should be indicators of the quiescent X-ray flux principally from active regions. In contrast to this daily background flux, the daily mean flux includes the variable emissions from flares and coronal mass ejections. Although the present study uses 15 years of data from the NOAA Geostationary Operational Satellites (GOES) for 1974 to 1988, the inclusion of Solar Radiation (SOLRAD) data could extend this type of analysis back to 1964. In this paper, daily background X-ray fluxes in the form of monthly averages and annually-smoothed (13-month) values are presented for Solar Cycle 21. Intermediate term variations (on the scale of months) of the 1–8 A background flux roughly mimic those of other chromospheric and coronal indices such as Ca K, Helium 10830 A, and 10-cm radio flux. The annually-smoothed daily background X-ray flux was unique in peaking the latest and in showing no broad maximum. This annually-smoothed behavior is best matched by photospheric white-light facular areas. I also discuss anticipated future developments in soft X-ray monitoring. These include a new series of full-Sun soft X-ray photometers on the non-spinning GOES I-M. Also on GOES will be the operational USAF-NOAA Solar X-ray Imagers measuring the 8–20 A, the 20–60 A, and the thermospherically-crucial 255–300 A bands. Nevertheless, this report and that of /1/ both note the continuing existence of an “XUV flux measurement gap,” with no long-term monitoring being planned between the soft X-ray region and the Lyman-alpha wavelengths.
The nickel(II) carboxylate/ethylaluminum sesquichloride/benzene-1,3-butadiene homogeneous catalytic system: evidence for the existence of a square planar nickel(II) complex before monomer addition

Abstract Nickel(II)carboxylate salts or nickel(II) chloride react with excess ethylaluminum sesquichloride or ethylaluminum dichloride in benzene to produce a diamagnetic orange-brown complex. The amount of this complex increases with an increase of the ethylaluminum dichloride content of the ethylaluminum compound, i.e., the amount is maximized when the Et/Al/Cl ratio is 1 : 1 : 2. This complex has d → d electronic absorption bands in the visible region at 520 nm (19 230 cm −1 ) and 415 nm (24 038 cm −1 ) with molar absorptivity coefficients of 125 ± 7 and 361 ± 25 I mol −1 cm −1 , respectively. The visible band locations, molar absorptivities, and diamagnetism are characteristic of square planar nickel (II) complexes. In the absence of monomer, the predominant complex, responsible for the observed electronic absorption bands, is slowly reduced to metallic nickel. Electronic spectra obtained as a function of time can be used to show that the reaction is first order with respect to the nickel complex. Polymerization rate data indicate that the predominant nickel(II) complex is involved in the polymerization of 1,3-butadiene to highly stereospecific cis -1,4-polymer.
Explorations in the social contagion of memory.

Four experiments examined social influence on the development of false memories. We employed the social contagion paradigm: A subject and a confederate see scenes and then later take turns recalling items from the scenes, with the confederate erroneously reporting some items that were not present in the scenes; on a final test, the subject reports these suggested items when instructed to recall only items from the scenes. The first two experiments showed that the social contagion effect persisted when subjects were explicitly warned about the possibility that confederates’ responses might induce false memories and when they were tested via source-monitoring tests that explicitly gave the choice of attributing suggested items to the other person. Levels of false recall and recognition increased with the number of times the misleading information was suggested (Experiment 3), and subjects were more likely to incorporate the erroneous responses of an actual confederate on a recognition/source test as compared with those of a simulated confederate (Experiment 4). Collectively, the data support the claim that false memories may be transmitted between people and reveal critical factors that modulate the social contagion of memories.
Reciprocal effects of student–teacher and student–peer relatedness: Effects on academic self efficacy

This study investigated the reciprocal effects between teacher student relationship quality (TSRQ) and two dimensions of classroom peer relatedness, peer liking and peer academic reputation (PAR), across three years in elementary school and the effect of both TSRQ and the peer relatedness dimensions on academic self efficacy. Participants were 695 relatively low achieving, ethnically diverse students recruited into the longitudinal study when they were in first grade. Measures of TSRQ and peer relatedness were assessed in years/grades 2-4. Peer liking and PAR were moderately correlated with each other at each time period. As expected, peer liking and TSRQ exhibited bidirectional effects across the three years. Year 3 TSRQ had an effect on Year 4 PAR, but PAR did not have an effect on TSRQ at either time interval. In an additional analysis, Year 4 PAR mediated the effect of Year 3 TSRQ on Year 5 academic self efficacy. Implications for teacher professional development are discussed.
Lifestyle Risk Factors Predict Disability and Death in Healthy Aging Adults

Abstract Background Associations between modifiable health risk factors during middle age with disability and mortality in later life are critical to maximizing longevity while preserving function. Positive health effects of maintenance of normal weight, routine exercise, and nonsmoking are known for the short and intermediate term. We studied the effects of these risk factors into advanced age. Methods A cohort of 2327 college alumnae aged 60 years or more was followed annually (1986-2005) by questionnaires addressing health risk factors, history, and Health Assessment Questionnaire disability. Mortality data were ascertained from the National Death Index. Low-, medium-, and high-risk groups were created on the basis of the number (0, 1, ≥2) of health risk factors (overweight, smoking, inactivity) at baseline. Disability and mortality for each group were estimated from unadjusted data and regression analyses. Multivariable survival analyses estimated time to disability or death. Results The medium- and high-risk groups had higher disability than the low-risk group throughout the study ( P 001). Low-risk subjects had onset of moderate disability delayed 8.3 years compared with high-risk subjects. Mortality rates were higher in the high-risk group (384 vs 247 per 10,000 person-years). Multivariable survival analyses showed the number of risk factors to be associated with cumulative disability and increased mortality. Conclusion Seniors with fewer behavioral risk factors during middle age have lower disability and improved survival. These data document that the associations of lifestyle risk factors on health continue into the ninth decade.
Older Blood Pressure Medications—Do They Still Have a Place?

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but control of hypertension remains inadequate, often because of poor patient adherence to prescribed medical regimens that are viewed as poorly tolerated and expensive. Physicians have largely stopped using some older blood pressure medications in favor of newer agents, mostly because of a presumed more favorable side effect profile. The investigators reviewed the pharmacologic properties and the evidence supporting the effectiveness and tolerability of several older blood pressure drugs: sympatholytic agents such as reserpine, methyldopa, and clonidine; diuretics such as chlorthalidone, ethacrynic acid and spironolactone; the vasodilators hydralazine and minoxidil; and others. In conclusion, some of these drugs are well studied and represent alternatives for patients who cannot afford or tolerate newer medications.
Infant feeding and infant illness in a Micronesian village

Abstract The 41 mothers of 49 infants resident in Peniyesene village, Truk, Micronesia, in 1976, were interviewed regarding their infant feeding practices and the types of illness their infants had experienced in the previous 2 years. Four-fifths of the infants received at least occasional bottlefeeding and nearly half of the infants were completely weaned from the breast before 6 months of age. Most mothers introduced semisolid foods in the first 6 months. The medical records for outpatient clinic visits and for admissions to the local hospital for these infants were also examined, and the occurrence of illness serious enough to warrant hospitalization was found to be associated with exclusive bottlefeeding in the first year of life.
Simulation of two-dimensional diffusive barrier crossing with a curved reaction path

Abstract The crossing of a potential energy barrier by Brownian particles in a system having a curved reaction coordinate is studied by solving numerically the two-dimensional Langevin equation. The activated trajectory method of Northrup and McCammon is used to determine appropriate initial conditions for the simulations and to extract rate constants from the raw data. The calculated crossing rates are in good agreement with those predicted by a formula derived from the two-dimensional Fokker-Planck equation; in particular, they confirm that the reaction path curvature gives rise to an increase in the rate constant for moderate and high degrees of coupling to the heat bath. Examination of individual trajectories shows that this increase results from a tendency for particles to bypass the saddle point of the potential energy surface in favor of a shorter path between the reactant and product states. In the strong-coupling limit, the preferred crossing point agrees well with previous predictions.
Background and vertical atmospheric measurements of fluorocarbon-11 and fluorocarbon-12 over Southern California

Abstract Sample tubes containing air analyzed for fluorocarbon-11 and fluorocarbon-12 were collected in a twin-engined aircraft. The samples were collected at altitudes ranging from ground level to 22000 ft (MSL) over the Southern California area. Background levels of fluorocarbon-11 and fluorocarbon-12 were determined to be 0.060 and 0.090 ppb, respectively. Simultaneous ozone measurements suggest that these fluorocarbons can be used to trace polluted air below the inversion layer.
Determination of nanoparticulate magnetite stoichiometry by Mössbauer spectroscopy, acidic dissolution, and powder X-ray diffraction: A critical review

A solid solution can exist of magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), which is commonly referred to as nonstoichiometric or partially oxidized magnetite. The degree of stoichiometry in magnetite is quantitatively measured by determining the ratio of Fe2+ to Fe3+. Magnetite stoichiometry ( x = Fe2+/Fe3+) strongly influences several physical properties, including the coercitivity, sorption capacity, reduction potential, and crystalline structure. Magnetite stoichiometry has been extensively studied, although very little work exists examining the stoichiometry of nanoparticulate samples (<<100 nm); when the stoichiometry was measured for nanoparticulate samples, it was not validated with a secondary technique. Here, we review the three most common techniques to determine magnetite stoichiometry: (1) acidic dissolution; (2) Mossbauer spectroscopy; and (3) powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), specifically with nanoparticulate samples in mind. Eight samples of nonstoichiometric magnetite were synthesized with x ranging from 0 to 0.50 and with the particle size kept as similar as possible (BET specific surface area = 63 ± 7 m2/g; particle size ≈ 20 nm). Our measurements indicate excellent agreement between stoichiometries determined from Mossbauer spectra and by acidic dissolution, suggesting that Mossbauer spectroscopy may be a useful means for estimating magnetite stoichiometry in nanoparticulate, multi-phases samples, such as those found in the environment. A significant linear correlation was also observed between the unit-cell length ( a ) of magnetite measured by pXRD and magnetite stoichiometry, indicating that pXRD may also be useful for determining particle stoichiometry, especially for mixed phased samples.
Relations of Emotional Intelligence, Practical Intelligence, General Intelligence and Trait Affectivity with Interview Outcomes: It's not all Just 'G'

Emotional intelligence was conceptualized as competencies that may enable people to use emotions advantageously to achieve desired outcomes. Measures of three components of emotional intelligence (empathy, self-regulation of mood, and self-presentation) as well as affective traits (positive and negative affectivity) and general and practical intelligence were related to a major facet of work success, job interview performance. A sample of 116 undergraduates participated in a simulated job selection experience, consisting of paper and pencil tests and a videotaped structured interview. Results partially supported the proposed model. Some but not all of the affect and ability measures were related to interview outcomes, both directly and mediated by the interviewer's affective response (perceived similarity and liking). In addition to measures of emotional intelligence, measures of general and practical intelligence were associated with interview outcomes, but the orthogonality of IQ and the major emotion variables argue for the unique contributions of emotional intelligence and trait affect to interview success. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of cholic acid hosts for molecular recognition of monosaccharides using systematic conformational searching

Abstract A rigorous molecular mechanics conformational analysis strategy, which utilizes a combination of scanning by energy and by distance, has been employed to identify all of the potential three-dimensional shapes which four cholic acid hosts (CAHs) can adopt in low energy conformations. Each CAH showed a unique profile of shapes (“C”, “cup”, “L” and “S”) and preference for guests, based upon cavity size and hydrogen-bonding potential. Focusing on the population of “C” or clam shapes with about 8-12 A binding cavity resulted in a clear choice for a synthetic target as a molecular receptor for glucose: cm CAH ( 3 ) > p CMH ( 2 ) > m CAH ( 1 ) > cp CAH ( 4 ). The strategy was verified by designing two “locked-in” macrocyclic host structures for 3 , each of which demonstrated good steric and hydrogen-bonding complementarity with a guest.
Microcontroller-based remote analysis station

Abstract An autonomous station for the analysis of natural waters in remote areas is presented. The station is based on a Motorola MC68HC11A8 microcontroller coupled to potential-generating sensors. Up to eight sensors can be monitored. Coated-wire ion-selective electrodes are used as chemical sensors. Data collected in the field are automatically corrected for drift inherent in the electrodes. The station is small (6 × 10 in), weighs less than 0.5 kg and is battery operated. Data were collected remotely, without operator intervention, under harsh weather conditions, for a period of 23 h, a limit imposed by the lifetime of the batteries used.
The Homological Dimension of Commutative Group Schemes over a Perfect Field

In [lo] and [7], Serre and Oort have shown that the category of commutative group schemes of finite type over an algebraically closed field has homological dimension one if the field has characteristic zero and two otherwise. We extend their result by relating the homological dimension of this category of group schemes over any perfect field to the cohomological dimension of the Galois group of the field. In particular, if ;Z and B are abelian varieties over a finite field then our result implies that Exti(-4, B) = 0 for i > 2, and this completes the computation of these groups (see [4]). Also, Oort and Oda [8] have shown that Exts(A, B) = 0 if ;1 and B are abelian varieties over an algebraically closed field. We give a short proof of
EFFECT OF GROWTH FACTORS ON THE IN VITRO GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION OF EARLY AND LATE PASSAGE C6 GLIOMA CELLS

The effect of different hormones and growth factors was assayed on the in vitro growth and enzymatic activities of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'phosphohydrolase (CNP) and glutamine synthetase (GS) of rat glioma C6 cells at two different passages in culture. Young cultures (passage 26), mainly oligodendrocytic, and older cultures (passage 134), predominantly astrocytic, were treated with 10 microM dexamethasone, 20 ng/ml transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha), 10 ng/ml insulin, 20 ng/ml platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and 20 ng/ml, epidermal growth factor (EGF) in serum-free chemically defined media. In vitro growth rate was measured in terms of DNA content, by a fluorometric method of diaminobenzoic acid, and rate of DNA synthesis by 3H-thymidine incorporation. CNP activity (marker for in vitro oligodendrocytes) and GS activity (marker for astrocytes) were determined spectrophotometrically. Dexamethasone reversibly and significantly inhibited growth of C6 glioma in early and late passages. PDGF and insulin promoted in vitro growth only in late passage but not in early passage cells, whereas EGF and TGF alpha did not significantly affect growth. An increase in CNP activity was observed in early passage cells under the effect of PDGF and insulin. The increase in GS activity induced by insulin and dexamethasone suggests a differentiating role for these factors in C6 glioma cells. These results further present the C6 glioma cell line as a useful model for studies on glial cell properties and responsiveness in culture and support its use in experimental aging in vitro.
Biological antagonisms due to phytotoxic root exudates.

Early Work .. . . 547 General 5 ....... .. 547 Methods of Study. 549 Excreted Substances 5.........5 5 51 Exudates of Woody Plants 552 Exudates of Grasses and Herbs 554 Interactions of Higher Plants and Microorganisms 5 5 5 Ecological Considerations 556 Discussion ........5..5 5 58 B ib lio g ra p h y 5........ ........ 5 59
Experimental Investigations of Characteristic Temperatures of Hybrid Silicon Lasers

This paper investigates the characteristic temperatures of hybrid silicon lasers by decomposing them into the temperature dependency of modal gain, transparent current density, internal loss, and injection efficiency under pulsed operation, and comparing them to III–V broad area lasers fabricated using the same InP epitaxial structure. This paper reveals that the limiting factors of the characteristic temperatures for both types of lasers are the transparent current density and injection efficiency. The comparison suggests that there is no fundamental aspect in the hybrid laser architecture that degrades the characteristic temperatures.
Periprocedural antithrombotic management: A review of the literature and practical approach for the hospitalist physician†

Many patients who are on long-term antithrombotic therapy (e.g. warfarin and/or antiplatelet agents) must be assessed for temporary discontinuation for a procedure or surgery, making this a salient topic for the hospitalist physician. Discontinuation of antithromhotic therapy can place patients at increased risk of thromboembolic complications while continuing antithrombotic therapy can increase procedure-related bleeding risk. Bridging anticoagulation with heparin or low molecular weight heparins is often used in the periprocedural period, but a great deal of uncertainty exists about how and when to use bridging anticoagulation. Because there is very little Level 1 evidence to define optimal care, both clinical practice and expert consensus guideline opinions vary. For the hospitalist, it is of critical importance to understand the available data, controversies, and management options in order to approach patient care rationally. This review provides a step-wise literature-based discussion addressing the following four questions: (1) What is the optimal management of antiplatelet therapy in the periprocedural period? (2) Are there very low bleeding risk procedures that do not require interruption of oral anticoagulation? (3) Are there low thromboembolic risk populations who do not require periprocedural bridging? (4) How do you manage patients who must discontinue anti-coagulants but are at an increased thrombotic risk?
Thymidylate synthetase: fluorine-19 nmr characterization of the active site peptide covalently bound to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate.

Summary The fluorine-19 nmr spectra of an active-site peptide of thymidylate synthetase covalently bound to FdUMP and CH 2 -H 4 folate has been obtained. The splitting pattern, a doublet of triplets, provides strong confirmatory evidence for the previously proposed structure in which the 6-position of the nucleotide is covalently bound to the peptide, and the 5-position is attached to the one-carbon unit of the cofactor. From the magnitude of coupling constants we have ascertained that the nucleophile of the enzyme and the cofactor have added across the 5,6-double bond of FdUMP in a trans fashion and, in the isolated FdUMP-CH 2 -H 4 folate peptide, exist in pseudoequatorial positions. Consequently, we are able to propose a stereochemical pathway involving transient intermediates in the normal catalytic reaction.
Understanding retention in US graduate programs by student nationality

The purpose of this study is to better understand the differences in selected retention constructs by student nationality in US graduate programs. Surveys administered at four universities across the United States during fall 2010 resulted in responses from 685 PhD students from six international regions. Using univariate ANOVA, responses were analyzed to characterize demographic differences in participant responses to constructs related to intention to complete the degree. Five constructs were found to be both statistically and practically significant relative to students' degree completion; these were: expectations, individual preferences, perception of value, project ownership, and climate. Post hoc pairwise comparisons highlight differences in specific nationality groups. Results are explored in light of existing retention literature, and implications for graduate programs or other fields with similar levels of international diversity are offered.
Work in progress - Developing and maintaining problem solving skills and concepts in statics and thermodynamics

An implementation of an overall methodology to ensure that students develop and maintain satisfactory problem solving abilities is reported. Most aspects of this methodology have been implemented in two sophomore engineering courses: statics and thermodynamics. The objective of this methodology is to ensure that students who pass (a grade of "C" or better) these introductory engineering courses have not only clearly demonstrated the ability satisfactory problem solving abilities, but have also maintained these problem solving skills through subsequent courses. These methods have three main components: Exam questions and final quizzes during the course and initial pre-quizzes in subsequent courses. All major topics covered in the course are tested multiple times, first during problem solving based exams and in subsequent quizzes. All grading is done on a mastery type basis. We believe that by this approach we can shift student thinking from getting partial credit to learning and solving problems correctly. This methodology should also help with direct measurement of clearly defined learning outcomes and an overall more consistent grading of exams since partial credit is mostly eliminated.
Evaluation of Surface Sensible Weather Forecasts by the WRF and the Eta Models over the Western United States

Abstract An evaluation of the surface sensible weather forecasts using high-density observations provided by the MesoWest cooperative networks illustrates the performance characteristics of the Cooperative Institute for Regional Prediction (CIRP) Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) and the Eta Models over the western United States during the 2003 warm season (June–August). In general, CIRP WRF produced larger 2-m temperature and dewpoint mean absolute and bias errors (MAEs and BEs, respectively) than the Eta. CIRP WRF overpredicted the 10-m wind speed, whereas the Eta exhibited an underprediction with a comparable error magnitude to CIRP WRF. Tests using the Oregon State University (OSU) Land Surface Model (LSM) in CIRP WRF, instead of a simpler slab-soil model, suggest that using a more sophisticated LSM offers no overall advantage in reducing WRF BEs and MAEs for the aforementioned surface variables. Improvements in the initialization of soil temperature in the slab-soil model, however, did reduce the t...
Variation between Last-Menstrual-Period and Clinical Estimates of Gestational Age in Vital Records

An accurate assessment of gestational age is vital to population-based research and surveillance in maternal and infant health. However, the quality of gestational age measurements derived from birth certificates has been in question. Using the 2002 US public-use natality file, the authors examined the agreement between estimates of gestational age based on the last menstrual period (LMP) and clinical estimates in vital records across durations of gestation and US states and explored reasons for disagreement. Agreement between the LMP and the clinical estimate of gestational age varied substantially across gestations and among states. Preterm births were more likely than term births to have disagreement between the two estimates. Maternal age, maternal education, initiation of prenatal care, order of livebirth, and use of ultrasound had significant independent effects on the disagreement between the two measures, regardless of gestational age, but these factors made little difference in the magnitude of gestational age group differences. Information available on birth certificates was not sufficient to understand this disparity. The lowest agreement between the LMP and the clinical estimate was observed among preterm infants born at 28-36 weeks' gestation, who accounted for more than 90% of total preterm births. This finding deserves particular attention and further investigation.
Mechanisms of Load Transfer and Arching for Braced Excavations in Clay

This paper presents a detailed interpretation of the evolution of stresses around a braced excavation in a deep layer of soft clay. Excavation support is provided by a diaphragm wall and multiple levels of rigid cross-lot bracing. Undrained shearing of the clay is represented by an advanced effective stress soil model that simulates important features of behavior including anisotropic stress-strain-strength relationships, small strain nonlinearity, and hysteretic response upon load reversal. The results provide new insight for explaining the development of lateral earth pressures for braced excavations and give a quantitative illustration of conceptual load transfer mechanisms and soil arching discussed previously in the literature. Reversals in the direction of shearing occur when the upper retained soil is squeezed against the bracing by deep-seated incremental movements in the soil mass, and arching of stresses below the lowest level of bracing. These mechanisms apply for a wide range of soil profiles when the wall is not keyed into an underlying bearing layer. Field measurements from an instrumented project in Taiwan lend credibility to the stress paths predicted in these numerical experiments.
Integral equation solution and RCS computation of a thin rectangular plate

In this work, a new integral equation is employed to calculate the current distribution on a rectangular plate which is illuminated by a plane wave. Numerical results are also obtained for the radar cross section (RCS) of the plate for different angles of incidence and different dimensions of the plate. These results are compared with other RCS computations using geometrical theory of diffraction, physical optics, and variational methods.