cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictor-directed stream buffers

An effective method for reducing the effect of load latency in modern processors is data prefetching. One form of data prefetching, stream buffers, has been shown to be particularly effective due to its ability to detect data streams and run ahead of them, prefetching as it goes. Unfortunately, in the past, the applicability of streaming was limited to stride intensive code. We propose Predictor-Directed Stream Buffers (PSB), a scheme in which the stream buffer follows an address prediction stream instead of a fired stride. In addition, we examine using confidence techniques to guide the allocation and prioritization of stream buffers and their prefetch requests. Our results show for pointer-based applications that PSB provides a 30% speedup on average over no prefetching, and provides an average 10% speedup over using previously proposed stride-based stream buffers for pointer-intensive applications.
Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 is highly colocalized with interphase chromatin and its newly replicated regions in particular

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1), which binds to both the EBV origin of replication (oriP) and metaphase chromosomes, is essential for the replication/retention and segregation/partition of oriP-containing plasmids. Here the chromosomal localization of EBNA-1 fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP–EBNA-1) is examined by confocal microscopy combined with a ‘premature chromosome condensation’ (PCC) procedure. Analyses show that GFP–EBNA-1 expressed in living cells that lack oriP plasmids is associated with cellular chromatin that has been condensed rapidly by the PCC procedure into identifiable forms that are unique to each phase of interphase as well as metaphase chromosomes. Studies of cellular chromosomal DNAs labelled with BrdU or Cy3-dUTP indicate that GFP–EBNA-1 colocalizes highly with the labelled, newly replicated regions of interphase chromatin in cells. These results suggest that EBNA-1 is associated not only with cellular metaphase chromosomes but also with condensing chromatin/chromosomes and probably with interphase chromatin, especially with its newly replicated regions.
Student Characteristics, School Characteristics, and Educational Aspirations of Six Asian American Ethnic Groups

The authors looked at differences among 6 Asian American ethnic groups in terms of student-level and school-level characteristics and examined factors related to their educational aspirations. The authors provided implications for counselors to help Asian American students achieve academic success in secondary and higher education.
Psychopharmacological Interventions with Young Hyperactive Children

The present paper reviews the available research on the effects of drug interventions with young hyperactive children. Following a brief discussion of hyperactivity in young children, several studies pertinent to the difficulties involved in the early identification of hyperactive behaviors and the drugs typically used in the management of such behaviors are summarized. It is concluded that the limited number of investigations does not justify the widespread utilization of stimulant drug treatment with young hyperactive children. Implications for future research and clinical practice are also discussed.
Methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in LG/J and SM/J mouse strains and an F45/F46 advanced intercross line.

The conditioned place preference (CPP) test is frequently used to evaluate the rewarding properties of drugs of abuse in mice. Despite its widespread use in transgenic and knockout experiments, there are few forward genetic studies using CPP to identify novel genes contributing to drug reward. In this study, we tested LG/J and SM/J inbred strains and the parents/offspring of 10 families of an F45/F46 advanced intercross line (AIL) for methamphetamine-induced CPP (MA-CPP) once per week over two weeks. Both LG/J and SM/J mice exhibited significant MA-CPP that was not significantly different between the two strains. Furthermore, LG/J mice showed significantly less acute MA-induced locomotor activity as well as locomotor sensitization following subsequent MA injections. AIL mice (N = 105) segregating LG/J and SM/J alleles also demonstrated significant MA-CPP that was equal in magnitude between the first and second week of training. Importantly, MA-CPP in AIL mice did not correlate with drug-free or MA-induced locomotor activity, indicating that MA-CPP was not confounded by test session activity and implying that MA-CPP is genetically distinct from acute psychomotor sensitivity. We estimated the heritability of MA-CPP and locomotor phenotypes using midparent-offspring regression and maximum likelihood estimates derived from the kinship coefficients of the AIL pedigree. Heritability estimates of MA-CPP were low (0-0.21) and variable (S.E. = 0-0.33) which reflected our poor power to estimate heritability using only 10 midparent-offspring observations. In sum, we established a short-term protocol for MA-CPP in AIL mice that could reveal LG/J and SM/J alleles important for MA reward. The use of highly recombinant genetic populations like AIL should facilitate the identification of these genes and may have implications for understanding psychostimulant abuse in humans.
Synesthetic grapheme-color percepts exist for newly encountered Hebrew, Devanagari, Armenian and Cyrillic graphemes

Grapheme-color synesthetes experience color, not physically present, when viewing symbols. Synesthetes cannot remember learning these associations. Must synesthetic percepts be formed during a sensitive period? Can they form later and be consistent? What determines their nature? We tested grapheme-color synesthete, MC2, before, during and after she studied Hindi abroad. We investigated whether novel graphemes elicited synesthetic percepts, changed with familiarity, and/or benefited from phonemic information. MC2 reported color percepts to novel Devanagari and Hebrew graphemes. MC2 monitored these percepts over 6 months in a Hindi-speaking environment. MC2 and synesthete DN, reported synesthetic percepts for Armenian graphemes, or Cyrillic graphemes + phonemes over time. Synesthetes, not controls, reported color percepts for novel graphemes that gained consistency over time. Phonemic information did not enhance consistency. Thus, synesthetes can form and consolidate percepts to novel graphemes as adults. These percepts may depend on pre-existing grapheme-color relationships but they can flexibly shift with familiarity.
The Multidivisional Structure as an Enabling Device: A Longitudinal Study Of Discretionary Cash as a Strategic Resource

This study's argument is that adoption of a multidivisional, or M-form, organizational structure is linked to increases in a firm's levels of discretionary cash. I developed this proposition by ass...
Die Reaktion der Zweikomponentensysteme P(OR)3−x(NR2)x (x=0−3)/CCl4 und P4/CCl4 mit HF-Donatoren

Die Kombination von Organylammoniumfluoriden mit Tetrachlorkohlenstoff stellt ein gutes Agens zur oxydativen Fluorierung von trivalenten Phosphorverbindungen dar. Aus P(OR)3 werden als Oxydationsprodukte [(RO)PF5]− und (RO)2P(O)F, aus P(OEt)(NEt2)2 (Et2N)2P(O)F und (Et2N)2(EtO)PF2 und aus P(NEt2)3 (Et2N)3PF2 und [(Et2N)3PF]+ erhalten. P4 wird im System R2NH/CCl4/Et3N · n HF in kurzer Zeit zu [HPF5]−, R2NH · PF5 und (R2N)2P(O)F abgebaut. Bei gleichzeitigem Alkoholzusatz entstehen [(RO)PF5]−, (RO)3PO und (R2N)2P(O)F. Die Reaktionen sind uber die Nukleophilie und Konzentration der Fluoridionen, die Aciditat der Systeme und die Temperatur steuerbar. Reaction of the Two-component Systems P(OR)3 − x(NR2)x (x = 0–3)/CCl4 and P4/CCl4 with HF-Donators The combination of organylammonium fluorides and carbon tetrachloride is a good agent for oxidative fluorination of trivalent phosphorus compounds. As oxidation products [(RO)PF5]− and (RO)2P(O)F are obtained from P(OR)3, (Et2N)2P(O)F and (Et2N)2(EtO)PF2 from P(OEt)(NEt2)2 as well as (Et2N)3PF2 and [(Et2N)3PF]+ from P(NEt2)3. In the system R2NH/CCl4/Et3N · n HF P4 is fast oxidized forming [HPF5]−, R2NH · PF5 and (R2N)2P(O)F. In the case of simultaneous addition of alcohols [(RO)PF5]−, (RO)3PO and (R2N)2P(O)F are formed. The reactions are controlled by the nucleophilic power and the concentration of fluoride, the acidity of the system, and the temperature.
REMEM: REmote MEMory as Checkpointing Storage

Check pointing is a widely used mechanism for supporting fault tolerance, but notorious in its high-cost disk access. The idea of memory-based check pointing has been extensively studied in research but made little success in practice due to its complexity and potential reliability concerns. In this study we present the design and implementation of REMEM, a Remote Memory check pointing system to extend the check pointing storage from disk to remote memory. A unique feature of REMEM is that it can be integrated into existing disk-based check pointing systems seamlessly. A user can flexibly switch between REMEM and disk as check pointing storage to balance the efficiency and reliability. The implementation of REMEM on Open MPI is also introduced. The experimental results confirm that REMEM and the proposed adaptive check pointing storage selection are promising in both performance, reliability and scalability.
Dynamic assessment in the classroom: Vygotskian praxis for second language development

This article reports the efforts of an elementary school teacher of Spanish as a second language to implement principles of dynamic assessment (DA) in her daily interactions with learners. DA is ne...
Monopoly Agenda Control and Asymmetric Information

This paper extends the Romer-Rosenthal [1978, 1979] model of monopoly agenda control to an environment where only the agenda setter knows with certainty the outcome associated with a failed proposal. The presence of this asymmetric information implies that any "take-it-or-leave-it" proposal may provide information crucial to the decision calculus of the voters, a fact which an optimal proposal strategy will incorporate. The equilibrium behavior of the agenda setter and voters is characterized and contrasted with that in the complete information environment, and a number of empirical predictions concerning the nature of elections with monopoly controlled agendas are derived.
Morphologic aspects of antibody-mediated rejection in renal allografts

Recent studies have illustrated the important role of alloantibodies in mediating renal allograft rejection. Compared to T-cell mediated-rejection, antibody-mediated rejection is usually more refractory to conventional anti-rejection treatment and more likely to contribute to allograft failure. Antibody-mediated rejection can occur in three principal forms: hyperacute, acute, and chronic active. This brief review aims to characterize the main pathological features attributed to antibody-mediated rejection including light microscopy manifestations, ultrastructural alterations, and immunopathologic markers.
Predictability and uncertainty in CFD

SUMMARY CFD has reached some degree of maturity today, but the new question is how to construct simulation error bars that reect uncertainties of the physical problem, in addition to the usual numerical inaccura- cies. We present a fast Polynomial Chaos algorithm to model the input uncertainty and its propagation in incompressibleow simulations. The stochastic input is represented spectrally by Wiener-Hermite functionals, and the governing equations are formulated by employing Galerkin projections. The resulted system is deterministic, and therefore existing solvers can be used in this new context of stochastic simulations. The algorithm is applied to a second-order oscillator and to aow-structure interaction problems. Open issues and extensions to general random distributions are presented. Copyright ? 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of intraluteal implants of prostaglandin E1 or E2 on angiogenic growth factors in luteal tissue of Angus and Brahman cows.

Previously, it was reported that intraluteal implants containing prostaglandin E1 or E2 (PGE1 and PGE2) in Angus or Brahman cows prevented luteolysis by preventing loss of mRNA expression for luteal LH receptors and luteal unoccupied and occupied LH receptors. In addition, intraluteal implants containing PGE1 or PGE2 upregulated mRNA expression for FP prostanoid receptors and downregulated mRNA expression for EP2 and EP4 prostanoid receptors. Luteal weight during the estrous cycle of Brahman cows was reported to be lesser than that of Angus cows but not during pregnancy. The objective of this experiment was to determine whether intraluteal implants containing PGE1 or PGE2 alter vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), angiopoietin-1 (ANG-1), and angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2) protein in Brahman or Angus cows. On Day 13 of the estrous cycle, Angus cows received no intraluteal implant and corpora lutea were retrieved, or Angus and Brahman cows received intraluteal silastic implants containing vehicle, PGE1, or PGE2 on Day 13 and corpora lutea were retrieved on Day 19. Corpora lutea slices were analyzed for VEGF, FGF-2, ANG-1, and ANG-2 angiogenic proteins via Western blot. Day-13 Angus cow luteal tissue served as preluteolytic controls. Data for VEGF were not affected (P > 0.05) by day, breed, or treatment. PGE1 or PGE2 increased (P 0.05) of PGE1 or PGE2 on ANG-1 in Angus luteal tissue when compared with Day-13 or Day-19 controls, but ANG-1 was decreased (P 0.05) of PGE1 or PGE2 on ANG-2 in Brahman cows. PGE1 or PGE2 may alter cow luteal FGF-2, ANG-1, or ANG-2 but not VEGF to prevent luteolysis; however, species or breed differences may exist.
SpeechToast: augmenting notifications with speech input focus

To explore the value of speech input focus for handling notifications, we built and deployed SpeechToast, an Outlook Add-in that replaces standard email notifications with a version that includes speech input commands (e.g. "open", "delete"). Notifications shown by SpeechToast have speech input focus when the audio context surrounding the computer is favorable for speech recognition. We deployed SpeechToast to 18 current users of email notifications for 4 weeks. Overall, speech input focus appealed to some participants, while non-users indicated their willingness to have it enabled as long as it did not detract from their experience. Our research suggests that selectively enabling speech input focus could provide natural and intuitive interactions that complement other input modalities.
Insights into Environmental Factors Impacting Celiac Disease: Microbiota Modulation of Disease Pathogenesis

This commentary highlights the article by Galipeau et al exploring the role of microbiota in modulating gluten immune response and celiac disease-like pathology in a humanized mouse model.
Microbiome in the Critically Ill

The human intestinal microbiome is a key component of the body. Composed of 1014 bacteria, it is very much a part of all of us. Research into the microbiome has greatly expanded over the last few years. Animal studies, especially on germ-free animals, have helped greatly to define the role of the microbiome in growth and development, especially of the immune system and the inflammatory responses. Importantly, disease states are associated with derangements of the microbiome. It is likely that few, if any, critically ill patients have a “normal” microbiome. Deprivation of enteral nutrition promotes a less healthy and more virulent microbial population, even if parenteral nutrition is provided. Indeed, changes in the microbiome may be the reason for the wellknown superiority of enteral over parenteral nutrition. We can modify the microbiome with probiotics, although the science of doing so is still undeveloped. We are just beginning to understand the role of the microbiome in health and disease.
Managing Diversity in Schools: Language, Policies, Pedagogies, by David Little: Constant Leung, & Piet Van Avermaet (Eds.)

Global demographic shifts have resulted in both fierce resistance to transforming education and the full embrace of reimagining pedagogy and practice. David Little, Constant Leung, and Piet Van Ave...
The Impact of Head Start Enrollment Duration on Migrant Children's Health Outcomes.

The purpose of this study is to examine whether family characteristics and the length of children’s enrollment in Migrant Head Start affects children’s health treatment. Children in the Michigan Migrant Head Start were classified depending on years of enrollments: One year (n = 638), two years (n = 293), and three or more years (n = 426). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine whether the probability of children receiving health treatment differed depending on years of enrollment. There is a higher health treatment rate among children who attended Head Start for multiple years than for those who attended for one year. Children’s special needs status, of siblings, ethnicity, parental educational level, and marital status were related to preventative dental and physical health treatment outcomes. Although the primary goal of Head Start is school readiness rather than health improvement, migrant and seasonal farmworker children are likely to receive more health treatment if they attend more y...
A notch against cancer

Notch signaling has been shown to be protumorigenic in both laboratory studies and clinical studies of solid tumors. The evidence was compelling enough for Notch inhibitors to be evaluated in clinical trials. The hope has been that Notch inhibitors would decrease resistance to chemotherapy by
Rolling dispersion for robot teams

Dispersing a team of robots into an unknown and dangerous environment, such as a collapsed building, can provide information about structural damage and locations of survivors and help rescuers plan their actions. We propose a rolling dispersion algorithm, which makes use of a small number of robots and achieves full exploration. The robots disperse as much as possible while maintaining communication, and then advance as a group, leaving behind beacons to mark explored areas and provide a path back to the entrance. The novelty of this algorithm comes from the manner in which the robots continue their exploration as a group after reaching the maximum dispersion possible while staying in contact with each other. We use simulation to show that the algorithm works in multiple environments and for varying numbers of robots.
Chemical Reaction Dynamics at Liquid Interfaces: A Computational Approach:

Recent advances in experimental and theoretical studies of liquid interfaces provide remarkable evidence for the unique properties of these systems. In this review we examine how these properties a...
Photon upconversion sensitized by a Ru(II)-pyrenyl chromophore

The near-visible-to-blue singlet fluorescence of anthracene sensitized by a ruthenium chromophore with a long-lived triplet-excited state, [Ru(5-pyrenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)3](PF6)2, in acetonitrile was investigated. Low intensity non-coherent green light was used to selectively excite the sensitizer in the presence of micromolar concentrations of anthracene generating anti-Stokes, singlet fluorescence in the latter, even with incident power densities below 500 μW cm−2. The resultant data are consistent with photon upconversion proceeding from sensitized triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) of the anthracene acceptor molecules, confirmed through transient absorption spectroscopy as well as static and dynamic photoluminescence experiments. Additionally, quadratic-to-linear incident power regimes for the upconversion process were identified for this composition under monochromatic 488 nm excitation, consistent with a sensitized TTA mechanism ultimately producing the anti-Stokes emission characteristic of anthracene singlet fluorescence.
Translocation and Stability of Chipman R-6199 in Pinus strobus as Related to Its Control of the Introduced Pine Sawfly, Diprion similis

Following trunk implantation of Chipman R-6199 ( O-O -diethyl S -(2-didhyillmino) ethyl phosphorothiolate (hydrogen oxalate salt) into white pines in July 1958, translocation into needles progressed slowly throughout that current summer and by October reached highest concentrations in the needles of lower branches. Peak insecticidal concentration in needles occurred by the spring and early summer of 1959. In August 1959, the mean concentrations of insecticide in needles in the three regions of the crown were essentially equal. The observed long stability of R-6199 in white pine explains the practical control for 2 years and third year of partial control of the introduced pine sawfly (Diprion similis (Htg.))
Evaluation and localization of thyroid tissue using an intraoperative-type solid-state radiation probe.

TO THE EDITOR: We would like to describe a recent clinical case that we think illustrates a simple and apparently new approach to solving what traditionally has been a difficult and time-consuming clinical problem. A full-term 59-d-old male infant presented to the Department of Nuclear Medicine
Inclined ring simple shear test for nonlinear interface strength behavior in multi-layer composite liner

A large-scale inclined ring simple shear system was developed to investigate the shearing behavior of landfill liner systems placed on the side slopes under vertical stress.A test was conducted on a multi-layer composite liner system,which consisted of a sand layer,nonwoven geotextile,geonet,HDPE geomembrane,and compacted clay.The normal transfer stress was calculated by the vertical and horizontal stresses according to transfer deformation of sliding surfaces.The results show that failure occurred at the interface between the geonet and geomembrane when the normal stress was lower than the normal transfer stress.The failure face would shift to the interface between the geomembrane and compacted clay when the normal stress was higher than the normal transfer stress.It is suggested that envelopes of the interface before and after failure transfer be simulated by bilinear curves,the interface shear behavior between the geomembrane and adjacent materials be expressed as hyperbolic curves,and the parameters,such as normal transfer stress,be determined by the test.The large-scale inclined ring simple shear device provides a new method for investigating the interface behavior of multi-layer composite liner systems.
A NOVEL METHODOLOGY TO INDIRECTLY ASSESS MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION AND BY MEANS OF MEASURING FAT AND LACTATE RESPONSE TO EXERCISE ACROSS DIFFERENT POPULATIONS

OBJECTIVES: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a characteristic of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) characterized by a poor fat oxidation and elevated blood lactate levels. Since both fatty acids and lactate are mitochondrial substrates, my aim was to measure mitochondrial function by means of measuring fat and lactate oxidation during exercise in 3 types of populations: International-level professional endurance athletes (PA), moderately active individuals (MA) and individuals with metabolic syndrome and IR (MS). METHODOLOGY: Fat oxidation was measured with stoichiometric equations through indirect calorimetric with a metabolic cart. Blood lactate clearance capacity was measured with lactate analyzer. RESULTS: Fat oxidation (FATox) capacity was significantly higher in PA than MA and MS . Blood lactate concentration ([La-]) was significantly lower in PA compared to MA (p<0.0001) and MS (p<0.0001). It was also found that the correlations between FATox and [La-] in all the 3 groups was quite high, being r=-0.97, p<0.0001 in PA, r=-0.98, p<0.00001 in MA and r=-0.91, p<0.001 in MS. CONCLUSION: Since both lactate and fatty acids are mitochondrial substrates, the measurement and correlation of both lactate and fat oxidations could be a valid indirect methodology to assess mitochondrial function in populations with IR and T2D.
Revision of Neotropical genera Microraphes Franz, Heteroscydmus Franz and Mimoscydmus Franz (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae).

Neotropical ant-like stone beetle genera Microraphes Franz, Heteroscydmus Franz and Mimoscydmus Franz are revised. Microraphes pygmaeus Franz, Heteroscydmus yapacariensis Franz and Mimoscydmus brasiliensis Franz are redescribed; Mimoscydmus baruerii Franz is transferred to a new genus Amimoscydmus gen. nov., resulting in Amimoscydmus baruerii (Franz) comb. nov. Together with the large genus Microscydmus Saulcy & Croissandeau all these taxa comprise the smallest known Cyrtoscydmini, with the body length typically below 1 mm, and often as small as nearly half a millimeter. All treated genera are redefined, and morphological structures of all species are illustrated. Unusual transformations of the ventral prothoracic structures found in this group of Scydmaeninae are discussed as putative effects of miniaturization.
Quantitation of renal function using radioisotopic techniques

Radioisotopic methods are practical for clinical use because they do not require continuous intravenous infusion or urine collection. This obviously is of great advantage in infants and small children, in whom accurate urine collection is difficult, but the techniques apply to adults as well. The ability to determine individual kidney function is a major benefit. Accuracies of the radioisotopic techniques vary but generally are within clinically acceptable ranges. The need for accuracy and reproducibility can be balanced with the desire for speed and convenience when choosing among the different techniques. Methods that use plasma sampling provide greater accuracy and are recommended in cases of severe dysfunction, whereas methods such as Gates' camera method, which eliminates plasma samples, can be completed in minutes. Radioisotopic techniques are most useful in the ranges of mild to moderately decreased function, in which serum creatinine concentration is nondiagnostic, and although they are much less accurate at markedly low renal function levels, so is 24-hour creatinine clearance. In conclusion, radiopharmaceutical agents offer a wide array of possible techniques for simple, accurate, and noninvasive measurement of global as well as individual GFR and ERPF.
Transport of hydraulic fracturing waste from Pennsylvania wells: A county-level analysis of road use and associated road repair costs.

Abstract Pennsylvania’s rapid unconventional oil and gas (UOG) development—from a single well in 2004 to more than 6700 wells in 2013—has dramatically increased UOG waste transport by heavy trucks. This study quantified the amount of UOG waste and the distance it traveled between wells and disposal facilities on each type of road in each county between July 2010 and December 2013. In addition, the study estimated the associated financial costs to each county’s road infrastructure over that period. We found that UOG wells produced a median wastewater volume of 1294 m 3 and a median of 89,267 kg of solid waste. The median number of waste-transport truck trips per well was 122. UOG wells existed in 38 Pennsylvania counties, but we estimated trucks transporting well waste traveled through 132 counties, including counties in West Virginia, Ohio, and New York. Median travel distance varied by disposal type, from 106 km to centralized treatment facilities up to 237 km to injection wells. Local roads experienced the greatest amount of truck traffic and associated costs ($1.1–6.5 M) and interstates, the least ($0.3–1.6 M). Counties with oil and gas development experienced the most truck traffic and incurred the highest associated roadway costs. However, many counties outside the active development area also incurred roadway repair costs, highlighting the extension of UOG development’s spatial footprint beyond the active development area. An online data visualization tool is available here: www.nicholasinstitute.duke.edu/transportation-of-hydraulic-fracturing-waste .
What goes out must come in.

Sea urchin eggs are an experimentally accessible preparation for studying the links between calcium-dependent exocytosis and endocytosis, which may also apply to synaptic vesicles.
The relationship between cannabis use and measures of anxiety and depression in a sample of college campus cannabis users and non-users post state legalization in Colorado

As part of an ongoing research program into the relationship between cannabis use and emotion processing, participants were assessed on their level of cannabis exposure using the Recreational Cannabis Use Examination, a measure developed specifically to assess cannabis use in Colorado post state legalization. Three groups were created based on self-reported use: a control group who have never used, a casual user group and a chronic user group. Each participant also completed two measures of mood assessment, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Relationships between cannabis use groups and scores on these measures were then analyzed using both correlations and multivariate analysis of variance. Results indicate a relationship between casual cannabis use and scoring highly for depressive symptomatology on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. There were no significant relationships between cannabis use and scores on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.
Semi-explicit Optimal Pricing for Consumer Choice Models with Network Effects

We obtain exact semi-explicit solutions to the optimal pricing problem for the multinomial logit (MNL) consumer choice model with network effects, through a novel conditioning argument and the use of the Lambert W function. Then we manage to characterize the exact optimal solution in the presence of negative, positive and weak or positive and strong network effects, and also in the setting of heterogeneous market parameters. Furthermore, we provide a semi-explicit expression of equilibrium sales quantities in terms of equilibrium prices, based on which we establish sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of market equilibria. In addition, we provide an exact semi-explicit expression for the steady-state choice probability, based on which we discuss the uniqueness of the steady-state choice probability.
Acquired somatic TP53 or PIK3CA mutations are potential predictors of when polyps evolve into colorectal cancer.

// Pi-Yueh Chang 1, 2 , Jinn-Shiun Chen 3 , Shih-Cheng Chang 1, 2 , Mei-Chia Wang 1, 2 , Nai-Chung Chang 1 , Ying-Hao Wen 1 , Wen-Sy Tsai 3 , Wei-Hsiu Liu 1 , Hsiu-Ling Liu 1 and Jang-Jih Lu 1, 2 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinKou, Taoyuan, Taiwan 2 Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 3 Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan Correspondence to: Jang-Jih Lu, email: janglu45@gmail.com , jjlpcp@adm.cgmh.org.tw Keywords: next-generation sequencing, polyps, colorectal cancer, ampliseq cancer hotspot panel, synchronous neoplasm Received: May 23, 2017 Accepted: August 07, 2017 Published: August 21, 2017 ABSTRACT Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops from accumulated mutations. However, which gene determines the malignant transformation from adenoma to carcinoma is still uncertain. Fifty-three formalin fixed paraffin-embedded polyps that had pathological findings from patients with hyperplasia, adenomatous, and tubular adenoma < 1 cm (non-neoplasia polyps, NNP, n = 27) or tubular adenoma ≥ 1 cm, tubulovillous and villous adenoma (neoplastic polyps, NP, n = 26) were recruited. Six paired synchronous polyps and cancer tissues and 50 independent fresh CRC tumors were also collected. All tissues were analyzed for their mutation genomes using next generation sequencing with a 50-gene panel. There were 40 types of somatic variants found in 7 genes, APC (43%), KRAS (28%), TP53 (11%), FBXW7 (8%), GNAS (4%), SMAD4 (2%), and BRAF (2%), and they were detected in 32 (60%) polyps. If combined with the mutation spectrum found in CRC tissues, a significant increase in the mutation rate in TP53 and PIK3CA from NNP, NP, early and late stage carcinoma (7%, 15%, 33.3% and 65% for TP53, p < 0.001; 0%, 0%, 23.3% and 25% for PIK3CA , p = 0.002) were noticed. Furthermore, distinct molecular features can be found in five pairs of synchronous polyps and tumors. However, TP53 or PIK3CA mutations can be found in tumor tissues but not in polyps. By systematically investigating the genome from polyps to tumor tissues, we demonstrated that acquired TP53 or PIK3CA somatic mutations are potential predictors for malignancy development. These results may aid in the identification of high risk individuals with tissues harboring mutations in these two genes.
Non-Immune Hydrops Fetalis: Do Placentomegaly and Polyhydramnios Matter?

OBJECTIVES Polyhydramnios and placentomegaly are commonly observed in nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF); however, whether their ultrasonographic identification is relevant for prognosis is controversial. We evaluated outcomes of fetal or neonatal death and preterm birth (PTB) in cases of NIHF alone and in those with polyhydramnios and/or placentomegaly (P/PM). METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort of singletons with NIHF evaluated between 1994 and 2013. Nonimmune hydrops fetalis was defined as 2 or more abnormal fluid collections, including ascites, pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, and skin edema. Primary outcomes were intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) and neonatal death. Secondary outcomes were PTB (<37, < 34, and <28 weeks) and spontaneous PTB. Outcomes were compared between cases of NIHF alone and NIHF with P/PM. RESULTS A total of 153 cases were included; 21% (32 of 153) had NIHF alone, and 79% (121 of 153) had NIHF with P/PM. There was no significant difference in neonatal death (38.1% versus 43.0%; P = .809) between the groups. Intrauterine fetal demise was seen more frequently in NIHF alone (34.4% versus 17.4%; P = .049). Nonimmune hydrops fetalis-with-P/PM cases were more likely to deliver before 37 weeks (80.0% versus 57.1%; P = .045) and before 34 weeks (60.0% versus 28.6%; P = .015) and to have spontaneous PTB (64.4% versus 33.3%; P = .042). Adjusted odds ratios accounting for the etiology of NIHF supported these findings, with the exception of IUFD. CONCLUSIONS Compared to NIHF alone, pregnancies with NIHF and P/PM had a lower risk of IUFD and were at increased risk of PTB (<37 and <34 weeks) and spontaneous PTB. This information may help providers in counseling patients with NIHF and supports the need for close antenatal surveillance.
Erratum to: Formal Methods for OpenObject-Based Distributed Systems IV

Erratum to: S.F. Smith and C.L. Talcott (Eds.) Formal Methods for Open Object-Based Distributed Systems IV DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-35520-7
Activity of Bioreductive Agents in Human and Rodent Tumor Cells

It has been well established that oxygen-deficient or hypoxic cells limit the success of radiotherapy in animal tumor models1 and evidence exists to implicate these cells as a cause for local failures in at least some human cancers2. Hypoxic cells may also be refractory to certain conventional anticancer agents3, 4 because (i) these cells may be relatively inaccessible to the drug because they are located in poorly vascularized areas of a tumor, (ii) hypoxia per se may reduce the efficacy of the agent, or (iii) under hypoxic conditions cells may be in a non-cycling state which protects them from cycle specific drugs.
A 9.4–11.7 GHz VCO in 0.12 µm SiGe BiCMOS with −123 dBc/Hz Phase Noise at 1 MHz Offset for 5G Systems

This paper presents a 9.4–11.7 GHz VCO designed in 0.12 µm SiGe BiCMOS with a 4-bit transformer-coupled capacitor bank. The oscillator uses a cross-coupled design utilizing 0.12 µm PMOS active devices and consumes 30 mA from a 2.5 V supply. A state-of-the-art phase noise of −123 dBc/Hz is measured at 1 MHz offset from the carrier resulting in a FoM and FoMT of −184 and −188, respectively. The application areas are in 5G 28 GHz and 39 GHz local oscillators with x2 and x3 frequency multipliers.
Functional Morphology of the Postcranial Skeleton

The field of vertebrate functional morphology grew out of traditional comparative vertebrate morphology. By the 17th century, scientists were modeling the actions of muscles on the skeleton as simple levers, but this remained uncommon until the latter half of the 20th century with the introduction of the concepts of mechanical advantage and speed vs. power systems in limb morphology. Current studies in this field are largely unchanged from those of the late 1900s, the largest steps forward being in the ability to analyze large, multivariate datasets, and quantify complex shapes due to leaps in computing power, and in the development of methods to account for phylogenetic signal in morphological data. This chapter will describe the process of a functional morphological analysis of lever mechanics including: identification of dominant muscles and assessing the action of those muscles based on comparative anatomy, identification of in-levers and out-levers, measurement of lever arms, and statistical analysis.
Observations of Wood Turtle Activity, Diet, Movements, and Morphometrics in the Central Appalachians

Glyptemys insculpta (Wood Turtle) populations are declining as habitat is developed and individuals are collected for the pet trade. Information about the natural history and life history of the species can help inform conservation strategies, especially for populations about which little information is currently available. Because basic ecological information is lacking for populations in the Central Appalachians, we studied the natural history of Wood Turtles in West Virginia from 2009 to 2011. Wood Turtle males were larger than females in carapace length and width, bridge height, and mass. Turtles were primarily terrestrial in spring and summer and aquatic in autumn and winter. Aquatic mating was most prevalent in autumn. Nesting attempts, which were mostly in sandy substrates, were made in spring during early morning and evening. Slugs made up the majority (67%) of the turtles' diet, although other invertebrates, vertebrate remains, berries, and green leaves were also consumed. In autumn, turtles entered the river for brumation. This study adds to our understanding of the natural history of Wood Turtles near the southern extent of their range.
Surviving and Thriving in the Evolving Digital Age: A Peek into the Future of IS Research and Practice

In this celebratory 50th anniversary issue of The DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems, I take a look back at IS research and its corresponding relationship with information technology. I argue that we have done well as a field as evaluated by changes in methodological quality, theorizing, citations, and impact factors. However, we are at a phase of transition as we evolve from an IT to a digital world. I describe the fundamental assumptions of the digital world and argue that our future phenomena are going to be far more unpredictable and dynamic and will require us to exhibit more flexibility in our research approach. We have to change gears to survive and thrive in the digital age.
Localization of CHMP2B in postnatal rd1 mouse retina

Retinitis pigmentosa is the most common form of inherited blindness in humans. A well-studied model of the disease is the rd1 mouse, characterized by a loss of function mutation in the catalytic β subunit of the phosphodiesterase 6 (Pde6) holoenzyme involved in phototransduction within rods and cones. The period of photoreceptor degeneration in the rd1 mouse occurs during postnatal days 10-21. In previous work, only Pde6β and vesicular-trafficking protein Prenylated Rab Acceptor 1 (PRA1) have been found to be consistently downregulated during the first ten days following birth. In a yeast-two-hybrid assay conducted by our lab, PRA1 was shown to interact with Charged Multivesicular Body Protein 2B (CHMP2B), an endosomal sorting protein that has been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases, such as frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We investigated whether CHMP2B is mislocalized in the rd1 mouse. Immunohistochemical labeling of CHMP2B was done in both postnatal wild type and rd1 mouse retinas. Prior to the onset of degeneration, CHMP2B immunolabeling was weaker in rd1 retinas, particularly in the developing photoreceptor synaptic layer, compared to wild type. Furthermore, staining of CHMP2B in wild type photoreceptors peaked at postnatal day 12, while CHMP2B staining in rd1 retinas was diffuse and disorganized. In conclusion, these findings show that proper localization of CHMP2B is disrupted in rd1 photoreceptors. Further studies are needed to investigate possible roles for CHMP2B in endocytic activity that is vital to photoreceptor maintenance, as well as differentiation, and development in mouse photoreceptors.
The vanadium(V) borophosphate (NH4)5[V3BP3O19]xH2O.

The vanadium borophosphate (NH4)5[V3BP3O19]·H2O has been synthesized at room temperature under oxidizing conditions. The cluster anion [V3BP3O19]5- contains three edge-shared distorted VO6 octahedr...
Late-Life Depression

Mrs. B is a 64-year-old retired teacher who is caring for her husband with Alzheimer’s disease. He has required care for 5 years. Mrs. B took an early retirement from teaching high school English 4 years ago when her husband’s health severely declined. She reports a good relationship with her husband and their two children. Mrs. B is visiting her rheumatologist because of leg pain from her arthritis and sleeping difficulties due to the discomfort. The physician comments that her tone of voice reflects exhaustion or a “blue mood.” Mrs B shrugs her shoulders and sighs, “I guess it is all part of getting old.”
Magnetic Particle Templating of Hydrogels: Engineering Naturally Derived Hydrogel Scaffolds with 3D Aligned Microarchitecture for Nerve Repair

Objective: Hydrogel scaffolds hold promise for a myriad of tissue engineering applications, however, often lack tissue-mimetic architecture. Therefore, in this work, we sought to develop a new technology for the incorporation of aligned tubular architecture within hydrogel scaffolds engineered from the bottom-up. Approach: We report a platform fabrication technology --magnetic templating-- distinct from other approaches in that it uses dissolvable magnetic alginate microparticles (MAMs) to form aligned columnar structures under an applied magnetic field. Removal of the MAMs yields scaffolds with aligned tubular microarchitecture that can promote cell remodeling for a variety of applications. This approach affords control of microstructure diameter and biological modification for advanced applications. Here, we sought to replicate the microarchitecture of the native nerve basal lamina using magnetic templating of hydrogels composed of glycidyl methacrylate hyaluronic acid and collagen I. Main results: Magnetically templated hydrogels were characterized for particle alignment and micro-porosity. Overall MAM removal efficacy was verified by 96.8% removal of iron oxide nanoparticles. Compressive mechanical properties were well-matched to peripheral nerve tissue at 0.93 kPa and 1.29 kPa, respectively. In vitro, templated hydrogels exhibited approximately 36% faster degradation over 12 hours, and were found to guide axon extension from dorsal root ganglia. Finally, in a pilot in vivo study utilizing a 10-mm rat sciatic nerve defect model, magnetically templated hydrogels demonstrated promising results with qualitatively increased remodeling and axon regeneration compared to non-templated controls. Significance: This simple and scalable technology has the flexibility to control tubular microstructure over long length scales, and thus the potential to meet the need for engineered scaffolds for tissue regeneration, including nerve guidance scaffolds.
Ethnic Differences in the Prevalence of, and Predictors for Anxiety, Depression, and Somatic Distress in Long-Term Survivors of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT): A Report from the Bone Marrow Transplant Survivor Study (BMTSS)

Hispanics are the largest minority group in the US, constituting 14% of the entire population. Compared to non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics are conceivably at a higher risk for adverse mental health outcomes, due to socioeconomic, cultural, and language barriers as well as barriers within the healthcare system. Depressive symptoms and psychological distress are frequently observed in HCT survivors. But little is known regarding the ethnic differences in the magnitude and nature of psychosocial distress experienced by long-term HCT survivors. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for psychosocial distresses in Hispanic HCT survivors as compared with non-Hispanic white HCT survivors. BMTSS, a collaborative effort between City of Hope National Medical Center and University of Minnesota, examined self-reported psychosocial distresses in individuals who underwent HCT between 1976 and 1998, and survived two or more years. Psychosocial distress was measured using the 18-item Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18). This measure provides a global severity index and symptom-specific subscales for depression, somatization, and anxiety. Participants were considered to have had psychosocial distress if they scored in the highest 10% of population norms on any of the 3 symptom-specific subscales or the global index. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The current study included 984 HCT survivors; 443 had received autologous HCT and 541 allogeneic HCT for hematological malignancies (463 leukemia, 286 lymphoma, and 135 other). Median length of follow-up from HCT to study participation was 7.4 years (range 2, 27.8). Of the 984 survivors, 825 (83.8%) were self-reported non-Hispanic whites, while 159 (16.2%) were Hispanics. Median age at study participation was 44.5 years (range, 18.2–73.0) for whites and 41.5 years (range 20.0–67.4) for Hispanics, and median follow-up for was 7.3 years (range 2.0–27.8) and 8.0 years (range 2.5–25.2), respectively. When compared with non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics were significantly less likely to have completed high school (55.1% vs. 96.6%, p
Water Intake, Body Water Regulation and Health

The biological feedback provided by human water intake upon our physiology is grossly under-investigated [...].
The Simulation of Age-Related Sensory Losses: A New Approach to the Study of Environmental Barriers:

Through the use of mechanical appliances to simulate the “normal” sensory losses that often accompany advanced age, the research team repeatedly performed a number of tasks in a dwelling unit, a mu...
Antimalarial Trioxolanes with Superior Drug-Like Properties and In Vivo Efficacy

The emergence of artemisinin resistance, combined with certain suboptimal properties of ozonide agents arterolane and artefenomel, has necessitated the search for new drug candidates in the endoperoxide class. Our group has focused on trioxolane analogues with substitution patterns not previously explored. Here, we describe the enantioselective synthesis of analogues bearing a trans-3″ carbamate side chain and find these to be superior, both in vitro and in vivo, to the previously reported amides. We identified multiple analogues that surpass the oral efficacy of arterolane in the Plasmodium berghei model while exhibiting drug-like properties (logD, solubility, metabolic stability) similar or superior to next-generation clinical candidates like E209 and OZ609. While the preclinical assessment of new analogues is still underway, current data suggest the potential of this chemotype as a likely source of future drug candidates from the endoperoxide class.