cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flutter Failure Risk Assessment for Damage-Tolerant Composite Aircraft Structures

The quantitative assessment of the effects of damage and material degradation on the dynamic aeroelastic reliability of composite aircraft has become more challenging in recent years due to the increased use of composites in main structural components of passenger aircraft. This paper presents a method for quantifying the flutter reliability of aircraft composite structures in the presence of multiple uncertainties. Automated rapid simulation tools for predicting flutter speeds of composite airframes subject to multiple uncertainties serve a key role and are used in Monte Carlo simulations. A thorough discussion is presented of the flutter uncertainty of composite aircraft covering material degradation, damage, repair, and design and certification practices, as well as maintenance procedures. The effectiveness of the method and its potential are illustrated using a composite tail/rudder structure representing a typical passenger aircraft structure. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations for future work are made.
Variability in response to UV-B among species and strains of Metarhizium isolated from sites at latitudes from 61° N to 54° S

The effects of irradiances of 920 and 1200 mW m(-2) (biologically effective weighted irradiance) were examined in 2 Metarhizium album strains, 26 M. anisopliae strains, 1 M. flavoviride strain, and 1 M. taii strain isolated from sites located at latitudes from 61 degrees N to 54 degrees S. Conidia were exposed to UV-B from 1 to 6 h and subsequently examined for relative percentage culturability. Total dosage received at the end of the exposure periods ranged from 3.3 to 19.9 kJ m(-2) for the lower irradiance and from 4.3 to 25.9 kJ m(-2) for the higher irradiance. Both the irradiance values and the doses are environmentally realistic and can be observed even in temperate regions. The relationships between latitude of origin and UV-B tolerance were compared for the two levels of irradiance for the data from 1 and 2 h exposure. Exposure to both irradiances drastically reduced the relative percentage culturability of all strains. Tolerance to UV-B varied widely among strains and high variation was observed for both irradiances after all periods of exposure. After 1 h of exposure, a difference between the two irradiance levels was detectable, and this difference was magnified at longer irradiations. A significant quadratic relationship of decreasing UV-B tolerance with increasing latitude was observed after exposure of 1 and 2 h. The shape of the relationship did not differ for the two levels of irradiance. Also, we studied the effect of 1200 mW m(-2) irradiance on conidial germination time in 1 M. album strain, 7 M. anisopliae strains, and 1 M. taii strain. Exposure to UV-B delayed the germination of surviving conidia of all strains. In general, the delay in germination was directly proportional to the dose.
The effect of valinomycin on the ionic permeability of thin lipid membranes.

Optically black membranes prepared from sheep red cell lipids have a high electrical resistance (1–3 x 108 ohm-cm2). The ionic transference numbers (Ti) for cations (Na+ or K+) are equal to each other but at least four to five times greater than for Cl-. The cyclic depsipeptide valinomycin produces a striking decrease in the membrane resistance when K+, but not when Na+ is in the solutions bathing the membrane. The ratio TNa/TK, estimated from membrane voltages in the presence of ionic concentration gradients, approaches zero. The order of membrane monovalent cation selectivity, in the presence of valinomycin, is H+ > Rb+ > K+ > Cs+ > Na+. Addition of the antibiotic to one side of a membrane which separates identical solutions of NaCl produces a substantial (up to 80 mV) membrane voltage (side opposite valinomycin negative). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that valinomycin can interact with appropriately sized cations (hydrated diameter ??? 6 A) to increase their membrane permeability, perhaps by forming hydrogen bonds between the solvation shell of the cations and carbonyl oxygens in the valinomycin molecule which are directed toward the aperture of the ring.
Mechanism of Decarburization of Alloy 617 at 1000°C in Helium Containing CO and CO2 as impurities

The objective of this study was to determine the mechanism of decarburization of alloy 617 by investigating the surface and bulk stabilities of the alloy in helium gas containing only CO and CO2 impurities over the temperature range 900-1000°C. For this purpose, the alloy was pre-oxidized at 900°C for 150h in He + 15 ppm CO + 1.6 ppm CO2 gas mixture and subsequently decarburized at 1000°C for additional 100h. The reaction mechanism was corroborated through gas phase analysis, microstructural examination and micro-probe measurements. It was determined that decarburization of the alloy occurred via a reaction between the porous Cr2O3 scale (formed during pre-oxidation) and carbon in the alloy, resulting in chromium metal and carbon monoxide. The chromium diffused back into the matrix, whereas the carbon monoxide escaped the sample through existing cracks and pores in the oxide. Therefore, this study shows that decarburization of alloy 617 occurs in a helium gas containing only CO and CO2 impurities.
A Spatial Caching Framework for Map Operations in Geographical Information Systems

Caching is a well-known approach to achieve good performance and scalability in mobile computing environments. Using this technique, the query response time and the overall system performance can be extremely improved by decreasing the volume of data transferred between the server and the mobile device. However, the effectiveness of caching techniques depend greatly on the nature of the data processed by the application and the data access patterns which are specific for this type of analysis. Cache management techniques for Geographical Information Systems (GIS) deviate substantially from existing methods used with relational data, since GIS map navigation operations (e.g. panning, zooming in/out) have their own unique access patterns that differ greatly from its relational equivalents. This paper presents a spatial caching framework that can efficiently handle spatial objects and it is tailored toward the typical map navigation operations seen in GIS systems. As a result, heavyweight map operations (e.g. labeling and editing) which require multiple round-trips to the data source can significantly benefit from the use of our proposed framework. The goal of this paper is to serve as a proof of concept and to demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the proposed spatial caching framework and its applicability in a production commercial system (Esri's ArcGIS).
On the reaction C12(n, n', γ)C12

Abstract Measurements of this process are reported and compared with D.W.B.A. calculations mode both with and without spin-orbit coupling.
Competition for nitrogen in a tussock tundra ecosystem

The objective was to measure the competition for nitrogen among vascular plants, mosses, and soil microbes along a continuum of nitrogen availability, induced by carbon and nitrogen amendments, in a tussock tundra ecosystem.15N was used as a tracer. Vascular plants showed an increasing15N recovery with increasing time and with increasing nitrogen availability; the latter suggests that nitrogen was limiting vascular plant growth. Green mosses took up15N initially, but showed no significant trends with either treatment or time. There was a higher15N recovery in the soil insoluble compartment for the carbon-amended treatment than in the nitrogen-amended treatments; this suggested that carbon as an energy source limited microbial activity. After two months, the relative15N recovery fell in the order: soil microbes (≈79%)>vascular plants (≈16%) >green mosses (≈2%).
Studies on the metabolism of amino acids and related compounds in vivo. VII. Ammonia toxicity in partially hepatectomized rats and the effect of l-arginine.HCl thereon

Abstract l -Arginine. HCl or mixtures of l -arginine. HCl with sodium l -glutamate, which are effective in protecting all or nearly all normal animals of the same weight from an LD 99.9 dose of ammonium acetate, were less effective in animals subjected to laparotomy, and completely ineffective in animals subjected to partial hepatectomy (one or two lobes). Levels of blood NH 3 N and urea N in partially hepatectomized animals at the point of death from an LD 99.9 dose of ammonium acetate were the same as in normal animals subjected to the same treatment; when the partially hepatectomized animals were treated first with arginine and then with an LD 99.9 dose of ammonium acetate they died with the same NH 3 N blood level but with a moderately elevated urea N level. Older normal animals (> 260 g.) were more sensitive to ammonia toxicity than were younger animals, but were well protected by arginine against an LD 99.9 level of ammonium acetate appropriate to these animals.
Polynomials in many variables: real vs complex norms

We study, for polynomials in many variables, the relations between the complex and the real sup-norms, and we give estimates involving the leading coefficients. We consider the case when the polynomial has a given degree, or some concentration at a given degree. The present paper is a contribution to a general field of investigation: For polynomials in many variables, what are the estimates independent of the number of variables?
Adverse drug events in older adults: will risk factor algorithms translate into effective clinical interventions?

Adverse drug events (ADEs) are a common and costly problem. For example, an estimated 1.5 million preventable ADEs occur in the USA annually at a cost in excess of US$4 billion [1]. Older adults are often at particular risk owing to accumulated medical comorbidies, complex medi cation regimens, declining functional status and physiologic changes associated with less-predictable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics [2,3]. One proposed ADE-reduction strategy involves the development of algorithms to identify patients at high risk. A recent example is the GerontoNet score, an algorithm designed to predict ADE risk among hospitalized older adults [4]. As is common in ADE risk algorithms, the number of medications taken by the patient dominates the score: receiving eight or more medications yields 4 points, and between five and seven medications garners 1 point. Then, 1 additional point is received for each of the following: heart failure, renal failure, liver disease and four or more medical conditions. Finally, patients with a history of prior ADE receive 2 points, which yields a potential score from 0 to 10. There are at least two general applications where ADE risk algorithms, such as the GerontoNet score, could prove to be effective. The most commonly described approach involves targeting high-risk patients for a concurrent or retrospective review by another clinician, often a clinical pharmacist, who would make recommendations to the primary prescribers. A second approach is to make ADE risk scores available via real-time decision support systems, which could assist prescribers in making risk–benefit decisions for new medications, choosing optimal dosing schedules and implementing appropriate monitoring plans. So are there any reasons why we should not be rushing to implement ADE risk algorithms in practice? After all, it seems pretty straightforward. Make scores available in real-time to prescribers and dispatch clinical pharmacists to patients with high scores – and the problem is solved. While risk algorithms are promising, there are several reasons why their use may not translate into significant ADE reductions in real-world practice. First, the utility of ADE risk algorithms in guiding clinical intervention is contingent upon the magnitude of risk stratification achieved. For example, ADE frequency was 2% with GerontoNet scores of 0–1, and gradually increased to 21.7% with scores ≥8 [4]. Unfortunately, this impressive level of stratification has not been consistently replicated. Some prominent investigators have even concluded that ADE risk stratification approaches are unlikely to be productive [5]. There are many potential reasons why ADE risk algorithms may not demonstrate consistent risk stratification. Perhaps the most fundamental is that risk prediction is not Expert Rev. Clin. Pharmacol. 4(6), 655–657 (2011)
The impact of hormonal therapy on sexual quality of life in men receiving intensity modulated radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Abstract Purpose Sexual function is an important concern in men receiving intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer. Our aim was to study the impact of IMRT and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on sexual function over time and to report the effectiveness of sexual medications or aids. Methods and materials A total of 179 men, median age 69, received definitive IMRT for prostate cancer and completed 2 surveys (Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite-26 and a sexual medicines/devices survey) for at least 2 time points. Surveys were prospectively collected at baseline (before all therapy), and 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after IMRT. Median dose was 76 Gy to the prostate. ADT was administered to 59% of patients (median duration 5 months, initiated 2 months before IMRT). Global scores were generated for the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite-26 questions. Longitudinal analysis was performed by constructing a generalized estimation equations model, and clinical variables were tested for association with global scores. Results Overall, there was a significant decline in global sexual score through 2 years. Men receiving ADT had a lower sexual score at 2 and 6 months, but this difference disappeared at 24 months. Analysis of individual sexual symptoms showed no significant difference at 24 months except that men on ADT were less likely to be sexually active ( P = .02); this difference was not observed for men receiving short-term ADT only. Longitudinal analysis revealed that duration of ADT was the only factor associated with global sexual score. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors were attempted by roughly half of all men, with 66% experiencing benefit, whereas other aids were attempted by roughly 5% of men. Conclusions Although ADT adversely affected short-term sexual function, there was no significant difference in global score and most sexual symptoms by 24 months. These data are useful for anticipatory guidance regarding expectations after IMRT.
In Vitro Binding of Bile Acids by Rice Bran, Oat Bran, Barley and β-Glucan Enriched Barley

ABSTRACT The in vitro bile acid binding by rice bran, oat bran, dehulled barley, and β-glucan enriched barley was determined using a mixture of bile acids at a duodenal physiological pH of 6.3. Six treatments and two blank incubations were conducted testing substrates on an equal protein basis. The relative in vitro bile acid binding of the cereal brans on an equal total dietary fiber (TDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) basis considering cholestyramine as 100% bound was rice bran 45 and 49%; oat bran 23 and 30%; dehulled barley 33 and 57%; and β-glucan enriched barley 20 and 40%, respectively. Bile acid bindings on equal protein basis for the respective cereals were 68, 26, 41, and 49%. Bile acid binding by rice bran may account to a great extent for its cholesterol-lowering properties, while bile acid binding by oat bran suggests that the primary mechanism of cholesterol lowering by oat bran is not due to the bile acid binding by its soluble fiber. Bile acid binding was not proportional to the solubl...
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of morphine in neonates

Morphine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (analgesia and sedation) were evaluated after continuous intravenous infusion of morphine in 19 neonates, both preterm and term, whose lungs were ventilated to relieve respiratory distress. Elimination half-life, total plasma clearance, and volume of distribution (mean +/- SD) were 9.6 +/- 3.0 hours, 2.55 +/- 1.65 ml/min/kg (area analysis) or 2.09 +/- 1.19 ml/min/kg (steady-state data), and 2.05 +/- 1.05 L/kg, respectively, and were not significantly different in preterm and term neonates. In neonates with adverse effects of morphine, the plasma clearance was decreased twofold. Mean morphine concentration required to produce adequate sedation in 50% of patients was found to be 125 ng/ml, but concentrations above 300 ng/ml may be associated with adverse effects of morphine. Morphine-6-glucuronide was not detected in the plasma of any neonate, which may explain why neonates require high plasma concentrations of unchanged morphine for sedation.
Developing Home-Based Virtual Reality Therapy Interventions

Abstract Objective: Stroke is one of the leading causes of serious long-term disability. However, home exercise programs given at rehabilitation often lack in motivational aspects. The purposes of this pilot study were (1) create individualized virtual reality (VR) games and (2) determine the effectiveness of VR games for improving movement in upper extremities in a 6-week home therapy intervention for persons with stroke. Subjects and Methods: Participants were two individuals with upper extremity hemiparesis following a stroke. VR games were created using the Looking Glass programming language and modified based on personal interests, goals, and abilities. Participants were asked to play 1 hour each day for 6 weeks. Assessments measured upper extremity movement (range of motion and Action Research Arm Test [ARAT]) and performance in functional skills (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure [COPM] and Motor Activity Log [MAL]). Results: Three VR games were created by a supervised occupational therapis...
Comparison of Selected Methods of Measuring Change in Judgment of Art Design.

Summa~y.-Five groups of 13 elementary teacher candida:es each were pretested and posttested with the Graves Design Judgment Test. Pretest and posttest rs ranged from .64 to .90. Five approaches to analyzing change were compared, with only one, a transformation of posttest divided by pretest expressed as a percentage, yielding significance. Other tests of significance were nonsignificant and gave essentially similar results. The hypothesis that a sculpture workshop supplemented by field experiences in working with elementary school children would result in greater gains was not supported. A common research problem in the behavioral sciences is the measurement of change. Most theoretical advances in analysis of change have been addressed to psychometricians and statisticians. The major purpose of this paper was to compare the results of several approaches to measuring change based on analysis of real data from an unusual experiment. A secondary purpose was to present the descriptive data and the results of the experiment. Bereiter (1963) in discussing the unreliability-invalidity dilemma in the measurement of change distinguished between the meaningfulness of average changes and the meaningfulness of individual differences i? change. Ordinarily, when the time between test occasions is relatively short (a semester or less) and the variable measured is relatively homogeneous, average changes are likely to be more meaningful. For comparison over longer periods of time (such as from freshman to senior year or from age 8 to 18 yr.) the study of change for the individual persons is likely to be more meaningful. For example, Wynn and Bledsoe (1967) studied factors related to change of interest in science among high school boys and girls from the Grades 9 to 12. For most studies such as this one involving change in achievement as a result of experimental treatments, average changes are likely to be of more interest. The measurement of change has been approached by a variety of procedures: analysis of raw gain scores, estimates of true gain scores, a base-free measure of gain, and a true residual gain score. Other approaches have concerned the reliability of these measures, based on correlations. The raw gain score is obtained by subtracting one score (usually the pretest) from another (usually the posttest). While frequently used, it is the most widely criticized by theoreticians primarily because of its high unreliability. Procedures have been suggested for estimating an individual's true gain score. The term "true" implies that the score is free of error and thus reflects the individual's real change. The usefulness of a true gain score is questionable; Cronbach and
Winter weather forecasts

The northwestern United States should expect a colder than normal winter, while the country's southeastern region is likely to have a winter that is milder than normal, according to the winter weather forecast for the continental United States that was issued in late November by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service (NWS). The NWS statement on average conditions in December, January, and February also said that precipitation is most likely to be above median in the Great Basin, which is centered on Utah, and in the area that includes the Mississippi, upper Missouri, and Ohio valleys (Figures 1 and 2, top).
Efficient Synthesis of N-Aryl Nickel(II) Carbenes by Protonation of Nickel(0) Isocyanide Complexes

The new nickel isocyanide complex [Ni(triphos)(CN-xylyl)] (1) has been prepared by the reaction of Ni(COD)2, triphos (triphos = bis(2-diphenylphosphinoethyl)phenylphosphine), and CN-xylyl (xylyl = 2,6-Me2C6H3). Complex 1 adds 2 equiv of HBF4 to afford a stable dicationic nickel carbene complex, [Ni(triphos)C(H)N(H)xylyl]2+(BF4)2- (2), in high yield. Nickel carbene 2 exhibits transfer hydrogenation of ketones.
Ways of thinking about the long-term care of the baby-boom cohorts.

In examining various ways of thinking about the development of long-term care policy for the baby-boom cohorts, this article discusses the importance of basing long-term care policy discussions on a recognition of social and economic trends, as well as on the informal exchanges of care that occur over life and the diversity within the baby-boom cohorts. The implications of two ways of thinking about challenges posed by the aging of baby boomers-the generational equity/crisis perspective and the generational investment/gradual adjustment perspective-are also discussed. It is suggested that the generational equity perspective is consonant with proposals to expand private savings for long-term care contingencies and private long-term insurance and, secondarily, with proposals to expand means-testing for benefits. The second perspective is more consistent with proposals to create new universal services through a traditional social insurance approach, or through a block grant such as the one discussed in the c...
On Boundary Detection of 2-D and 3-D Wireless Sensor Networks

A novel method of identifying boundaries of wireless sensor networks deployed on 2D and 3D surfaces is presented. It does not require costly, error prone localization algorithms or physical locations of nodes. Instead, a Virtual Coordinate System (VCS) is used in which each node is characterized by the hop- distances to a set of randomly selected nodes known as anchors. To use geometric relationships for boundary detection, it transforms the VCS to a Topology Preserving Map (TPM). A TPM generation scheme for networks deployed on 3D surfaces is derived as well. The boundary detection scheme proposed is simple, not computationally intensive, energy efficient, and can be used with physical coordinates as well. Five representative example networks show the proposed scheme to be effective, with 100% of boundary nodes identified correctly with no erroneous identification of non-boundary nodes as boundary nodes. Use of TPM based boundary detection scheme for detecting dynamic event boundaries, such as those of plumes, in a distributed manner is also illustrated.
Sorafenib and HDAC inhibitors synergize to kill CNS tumor cells

The present studies were designed to determine whether the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib (Nexavar) interacted with histone deacetylase inhibitors to kill glioblastoma and medulloblastoma cells. In a dose-dependent fashion sorafenib lethality was enhanced in multiple genetically disparate primary human glioblastoma isolates by the HDAC inhibitor sodium valproate (Depakote). Drug exposure reduced phosphorylation of p70 S6K and of mTOR. Similar data to that with valproate were also obtained using the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat (Zolinza). Sorafenib and valproate also interacted to kill medulloblastoma and PNET cell lines. Treatment with sorafenib and HDAC inhibitors radio-sensitized both GBM and medulloblastoma cell lines. Knock down of death receptor (CD95) expression protected GBM cells from the drug combination, as did overexpression of c-FLIP-s, BCL-XL and dominant negative caspase 9. Knock down of PDGFRα recapitulated the effect of sorafenib in combination with HDAC inhibitors. Collectively, our data d...
Identification of sparse neural functional connectivity using penalized likelihood estimation and basis functions

One key problem in computational neuroscience and neural engineering is the identification and modeling of functional connectivity in the brain using spike train data. To reduce model complexity, alleviate overfitting, and thus facilitate model interpretation, sparse representation and estimation of functional connectivity is needed. Sparsities include global sparsity, which captures the sparse connectivities between neurons, and local sparsity, which reflects the active temporal ranges of the input-output dynamical interactions. In this paper, we formulate a generalized functional additive model (GFAM) and develop the associated penalized likelihood estimation methods for such a modeling problem. A GFAM consists of a set of basis functions convolving the input signals, and a link function generating the firing probability of the output neuron from the summation of the convolutions weighted by the sought model coefficients. Model sparsities are achieved by using various penalized likelihood estimations and basis functions. Specifically, we introduce two variations of the GFAM using a global basis (e.g., Laguerre basis) and group LASSO estimation, and a local basis (e.g., B-spline basis) and group bridge estimation, respectively. We further develop an optimization method based on quadratic approximation of the likelihood function for the estimation of these models. Simulation and experimental results show that both group-LASSO-Laguerre and group-bridge-B-spline can capture faithfully the global sparsities, while the latter can replicate accurately and simultaneously both global and local sparsities. The sparse models outperform the full models estimated with the standard maximum likelihood method in out-of-sample predictions.
Foundations of strategic decision effectiveness

Strategic decisions represent the most important product of managerial endeavors; and strategic choice is the most critical variable in strategic management. This article advances a set of foundations in which the effectiveness of a total organization may be ascertained from the effectiveness of the strategic decisions made by its senior executives. A categorization of strategic decision effectiveness is presented that is derived from managerial attitudes toward a given strategic choice and the process from which it originates.
RAD52-Independent Mitotic Gene Conversion in SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE Frequently Results in Chromosomal Loss

We have examined spontaneous, interchromosomal mitotic recombination events between his4 alleles in both Rad+ and rad52 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In Rad+ strains, 74% of the His+ prototrophs resulted from gene conversion events without exchange of flanking markers. In diploids homozygous for the rad52-1 mutation, the frequency of His+ prototroph formation was less than 5% of the wild-type value, and more than 80% of the gene conversion events were accompanied by an exchange of flanking markers. Most of the rad52 intragenic recombination events arose by gene conversion accompanied by an exchange of flanking markers and not by a simple reciprocal exchange between the his4A and his4C alleles. There were also profound effects on the kinds of recombinant products that were recovered. The most striking effect was that RAD52-independent mitotic recombination frequently results in the loss of one of the two chromosomes participating in the gene conversion event.
Dendritic deposition of aerosols by convective Brownian diffusion for small, intermediate and high particle Knudsen numbers

When an aerocolloidal suspension flows through a fibrous filter, particles deposit on the fibers and form dendrites. Similar phenomena are observed with collectors other than fibers, provided that the characteristic dimension of the collector does not exceed that of the particles by more than one to two orders of magnitude. This deposition pattern leads to marked increases in capture efficiency and pressure drop, as particles accumulate within the filter. In previous publications, theoretical models of this process were developed for the cases of deposition by interception alone and of deposition by combined inertial impaction and interception. Consequently, those works apply to aerosol particles with diameters of 1 μm or larger. Here we extend the model to the case of submicron particles, where the main transport mechanism is Brownian diffusion. To keep things specific, we consider fine fibers as collectors, but the model can be easily converted to other geometries. We present solutions for the cases of nonslip flow around the fiber and nonslip, slip and free molecular flow around particles. Unlike deposition by inertial impaction and/or interception, convective Brownian diffusion forms dendrites over the entire fiber surface.
The re-accomplishment of place in twentieth century Vermont and New Hampshire: history repeats itself, until it doesn’t

Much recent literature plumbs the question of the origins and trajectories of "place," or the cultural development of space-specific repertoires of action and meaning. This article examines divergence in two "places" that were once quite similar but are now quite far apart, culturally and politically speaking. Vermont, once considered the "most Republican" state in the United States, is now generally considered one of its most politically and culturally liberal. New Hampshire, by contrast, has remained politically and socially quite conservative. Contrasting legacies of tourist promotion, political mobilization, and public policy help explain the divergence between states. We hypothesize that emerging stereotypes about a "place" serve to draw sympathetic residents and visitors to that place, thus reinforcing the salience of those stereotypes and contributing to their reality over time. We term this latter process idio-cultural migration and argue its centrality to ongoing debates about the accomplishment of place. We also elaborate on several means by which such place "reputations" are created, transmitted, and maintained.
E-mail Bounce Management using Text Mining

Direct marketers assign the communication channel e-mail an increasing importance, evolving a marketer’s collection of customer e-mail addresses to an asset of important business value in order to provide customers the right offer at the right point in time. Besides the design and content of an e-mail campaign the e-mail-transportation process is of critical importance to really reach your potential customer. Possible errors in the transportation can be of either permanent – hardbounces – or temporary nature – softbounces. With the transportation error communication by internet-service-providers lacking of compliance to existing standards, companies face the problem of having inaccurate information regarding deliverability. And quite often this results in the blocking of actually intact potential customer addresses. Therefore a model processing bounce messages and predicting the possibility of deliverability using semantic information obtained through text mining and the embedded Singular Value Decomposition is presented. We discuss the application of text mining tools regarding error messages and apply a multistaged decision model that minimizes the falsenegative-rate to discard addresses with permanent non-deliverability from the database while identifying addresses that maintain business value although being bounced.
OFDM Receiver Design for Active Constellation Extension

The high peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission is an important concern. The active constellation extension (ACE) method has been presented as an effective and practical means to reduce PAR at the OFDM transmitter. Previous research on ACE has not fully addressed the effects of ACE on the OFDM receiver, focusing only on the symbol demapping function. Other receiver functions, including synchronization, channel estimation, and forward-error correction (FEC) decoding, are explored in the presence of ACE. Methods are presented to eliminate negative effects introduced by ACE, with demonstrative results.
Subcellulosome preparation with high cellulase activity from Clostridium thermocellum

gelelectrophoresis. Thespecific activities of carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) andAvicelase are15-and8-fold-higher, respectively, thanthoseofcrude extracellular cellulase. We could notfurther fractionate this preparation without denaturing it.Theoptimum pHandtemperature ofthesubcellulosome preparation are5.5to7.0and70°CforCMCaseand5.5to7.0and 65°CforAvicelase. Thesubcellulosome preparation acted on various typesofcarboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose, andp-nitrophenyl-jI-D-cellobioside butnotonp-nitrophenyl-13-D-glucoside. Sulfiydryl reagents and N-bromosuccinimide inhibited bothCMCaseandAvicelase activities, whereas EDTA ando-phenanthroline
Data Resource Profile: Countdown to 2015: Maternal, Newborn and Child Survival

The Countdown to 2015 country profiles present, in one place, comprehensive evidence to enable an assessment of a country’s progress in improving reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health. Profiles are available for each of the 75 countries that together account for more than 95% of all maternal and child deaths. The two-page profiles are updated approximately every 2 years with new data and analyses. Profile data include demographics, mortality, nutritional status, coverage of evidence-based interventions, within-countries inequalities in coverage, measures of health system functionality, supportive policies and financing indicators. The main sources of data for the coverage, nutritional status and equity indicators are the US Agency for Internal Development (USAID)-supported demographic and health surveys and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)-supported multiple indicator cluster surveys. Data on coverage are first summarized and checked for quality by UNICEF, and data on equity in intervention coverage are summarized and checked by the Federal University of Pelotas. The mortality estimates are developed by the Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation and the Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group. The financing data are abstracted from datasets maintained by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Assistance Committee, and the policies and health systems data are derived from a special compilation prepared by the World Health Organization. Associated country profiles include equity-specific profiles and one-page profiles prepared annually that report on the 11 indicators selected by the Commission on Information and Accountability for Women’s and Children’s Health.
The effect of low-mobile foot posture on multi-segment medial foot model gait kinematics.

A number of in vitro, invasive in vivo, and non-invasive marker based multi-segment foot models (MSFMs) have reported significant motion in the articulations distal to the calcaneus during gait. Few studies, however, have applied a MSFM to the investigation of the effect of foot posture on gait kinematics. Differences in stance phase kinematics between participants with low-mobile (LMF) (n = 11) versus ‘‘typical’’ (TYPF) (n = 11) foot postures were investigated using a multi-segment medial foot model. Three-dimensional position and stance phase excursions of four functional articulations (rearfoot complex [RC], calcaneonavicular complex [CNC], medial forefoot, first metatarsophalangeal complex) were quantified using an eight optical camera motion analysis system (Vicon Motus, Vicon Motions Systems, Centennial, CO) and a custom written software program (Matlab 7.0.1, The MathWorks, Natick, MA), respectively. Excursions during four subphases of stance phase (loading response, midstance, terminal stance, pre-swing) at each of the functional articulations were compared using multivariate analyses of variance ( a 0.05). Results revealed significantly decreased LMF group CNC abduction excursion (p = 0.047) during midstance. During pre-swing, LMF group RC inversion excursion was significantly increased (p = 0.032) and eversion excursion was significantly decreased (p = 0.003) compared to the TYPF group. When these differences are considered in conjunction with the kinematic patterns of other foot/leg segments and functional articulations, the changes may suggest dysfunction of normal leg-calcaneus coupling and the constrained tarsal mechanism associated with low-mobile foot postures.
First-Grade Cognitive Abilities as Long-Term Predictors of Reading Comprehension and Disability Status

In a sample of 195 first graders selected for poor reading performance, the authors explored four cognitive predictors of later reading comprehension and reading disability (RD) status. In fall of first grade, the authors measured the children's phonological processing, rapid automatized naming (RAN), oral language comprehension, and nonverbal reasoning. Throughout first grade, they also modeled the students' reading progress by means of weekly Word Identification Fluency (WIF) tests to derive December and May intercepts. The authors assessed their reading comprehension in the spring of Grades 1-5. With the four cognitive variables and the WIF December intercept as predictors, 50.3% of the variance in fifth-grade reading comprehension was explained: 52.1% of this 50.3% was unique to the cognitive variables, 13.1% to the WIF December intercept, and 34.8% was shared. All five predictors were statistically significant. The same four cognitive variables with the May (rather than December) WIF intercept produced a model that explained 62.1% of the variance. Of this amount, the cognitive variables and May WIF intercept accounted for 34.5% and 27.7%, respectively; they shared 37.8%. All predictors in this model were statistically significant except RAN. Logistic regression analyses indicated that the accuracy with which the cognitive variables predicted end-of-fifth-grade RD status was 73.9%. The May WIF intercept contributed reliably to this prediction; the December WIF intercept did not. Results are discussed in terms of a role for cognitive abilities in identifying, classifying, and instructing students with severe reading problems.
Local, high-frequency analysis of the fields in a mode-stirred chamber

The fields inside a mode-stirred chamber are analyzed by a local plane-wave method. This approach has the advantage of being applicable to nonseparable geometries, for which the more standard modal method of analysis is not possible, and gives insight into the nature of the various contributions to the total field. Results are given for the quality factor and for the fields near the walls of the chamber. The expression for the quality factor agrees with previously published work. >
Spectrophotometric Determination of Silversulfadiazine in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

Abstract A method for determining silver in silver sulfadiazine pharmaceutical creams and ointments has been developed. Organic residues in the products are destroyed with sulfuric acid and nitric acid mixture. After evaporation of acids the silver is reduced with formaldehyde in alkaline solution, pH 11 – 12.5, to the metallic state; which is then reoxidized at pH 3.5 with iron(III) in the presence of ferrozine. The resulting absorbance is measured at 562 nm. Average recoveries of 99.7 ± 0.19 % and 99.6 ± 0.12 % are obtained for the two pharmaceutical preparations tested, respectively.
The case for chaotic adaptive routing

Chaotic routers are randomizing, nonminimal adaptive packet routers designed for use in the communication networks of parallel computers. Chaotic routers combine the flexibility found in adaptive routing with a design simple enough to be competitive with the most streamlined oblivious routers. We review chaotic routing and compare it with other contemporary network routing approaches, including state-of-the-art oblivious and adaptive routers. A detailed head-to-head comparison between oblivious, minimal adaptive, and chaotic routing is then presented, exploring the performance of comparable VLSI implementations through analysis and simulation. The results indicate that chaotic routers provide very effective and efficient high-performance message routing.
FURUNCULAR MYIASIS CAUSED BY DERMATOBIA HOMINIS IN A RETURNING TRAVELER

Furuncular myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis is endemic throughout Central and South America. We report a case of furuncular myiasis in a traveler returned from Costa Rica. The case is unique because the primary care physician obtained magnetic resonance images. The images, however, do not show any characteristic features that assist in diagnosis.
Leucovorin-induced hypersensitivity reaction:

Leucovorin is a reduced form of folic acid, which has multiple uses.(1) In this case report, it is used in combination with fluorouracil in the treatment of colon cancer. We describe a 53-year-old male, who was started on FOLFOX 6 + bevacizumab who experienced a hypersensitivity reaction to leucovorin. There have been very few cases of leucovorin hypersensitivity reactions reported in the literature. In this case, symptoms include flushing, hives, body pain, headaches, elevated blood pressures, and general discomfort. Although leucovorin reactions are considered rare, one should be aware of the types of reactions that can occur with leucovorin.
Synthetic biology of cyanobacteria: unique challenges and opportunities

Photosynthetic organisms, and especially cyanobacteria, hold great promise as sources of renewably-produced fuels, bulk and specialty chemicals, and nutritional products. Synthetic biology tools can help unlock cyanobacteria's potential for these functions, but unfortunately tool development for these organisms has lagged behind that for S. cerevisiae and E. coli. While these organisms may in many cases be more difficult to work with as "chassis" strains for synthetic biology than certain heterotrophs, the unique advantages of autotrophs in biotechnology applications as well as the scientific importance of improved understanding of photosynthesis warrant the development of these systems into something akin to a "green E. coli." In this review, we highlight unique challenges and opportunities for development of synthetic biology approaches in cyanobacteria. We review classical and recently developed methods for constructing targeted mutants in various cyanobacterial strains, and offer perspective on what genetic tools might most greatly expand the ability to engineer new functions in such strains. Similarly, we review what genetic parts are most needed for the development of cyanobacterial synthetic biology. Finally, we highlight recent methods to construct genome-scale models of cyanobacterial metabolism and to use those models to measure properties of autotrophic metabolism. Throughout this paper, we discuss some of the unique challenges of a diurnal, autotrophic lifestyle along with how the development of synthetic biology and biotechnology in cyanobacteria must fit within those constraints.
Multiprocessor EDF and deadline monotonic schedulability analysis

Schedulability tests are presented for preemptive earlier-deadline-first and deadline-monotonic scheduling of periodic or sporadic real-time tasks on a single-queue m-server system, in which the deadline of a task may be less than or equal to the task period. These results subsume and generalize several known utilization-based multiprocessor schedulability tests, and are derived via an independent proof.
Sinter-Forging Characteristics of fine-Grained Zirconia

Powder preforms of zirconia, containing 2.85 mol% yttria, were sinter-forged in simple uniaxial compression at 1400/sup 0/C by applying constant displacement rates to the specimens. Shear and densification strains and the uniaxial stress were measured as a function of time. In contrast with alumina and silicon nitride, zirconia appears to densify by a dislocation mechanism. As a consequence, the densification rate is linked to the applied strain rather than to the applied hydrostatic pressure: the powder compact requires a critical amount of compressive strain to consolidate to full density, irrespective of the strain rate or the stress at which that strain is applied.
Far-Field Plume Measurements of a Nested-Channel Hall-Effect Thruster

Far-field plume measurements were performed on the X2 nested-channel Hall-effect thruster using a nude Faraday probe, retarding potential analyzer, and E×B probe. Data from these probes were used to examine the operating characteristics of the X2 with both channels operating simultaneously (dual-channel mode). For each operating condition in dual-channel mode, far-field measurements were also taken with each channel operating individually (single-channel mode) under the same applied magnetic field and cathode flow fraction. The results of the far-field measurements showed increased voltage utilization efficiency in dual-channel mode. Current utilization efficiency, divergence efficiency, charge utilization efficiency, and mass utilization efficiency did not show significant changes between the two operating modes. The far-field diagnostics also showed that the X2 operates similarly to a conventional Hall thruster when both channels are at the same discharge voltage. Small improvements in performance in the dual-channel mode were likely due to improved ion acceleration and reduced cathode coupling voltage.
The limping child.

Evaluation of a limping child requires careful consideration and a basic knowledge of potential problems affecting the child. The most important point is not to miss or delay diagnosis of the septic hip. This is truly an orthopedic emergency. Complaints of knee pain should not throw the physician off the track of a diagnosis of hip disease. It is also important to be aware of how the medical history affects the musculoskeletal system. Many causes of limp are best analyzed by repeat examination and stepwise laboratory and radiographic evaluation. One should realize that a painful limp can be caused by something as mundane as a thorn in the heel or as serious as a tumor of the spine: Be suspicious.
Intergovernmental managerialism: Appropriating the universities

A number of recent writings from federalist scholars have been critical of the coordinate approach to Australian federalism adopted by Commonwealth and state authorities since the Special Premiers’ Conference of 1990. The likely outcome of a coordinate rather than concurrent stance, they suggest, is dominance by one government in a policy sphere and the attenuation of many of the positive and creative elements offered by a federal structure. This article involves a case study of higher education which supports the concerns of the federalists. It is argued that since the introduction of a coordinate framework in 1987–88, buttressed by managerialist principles, the Commonwealth has succeeded in gaining almost complete control over a policy arena that was previously shared with the states. One consequence of this outcome has been a deterioration in the quality of policy formulation and implementation.