cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Morphological Oncogenic Signature

An often underappreciated function of metazoan cells is the construction of complex tissue with its attendant elaborate architecture. We propose that the information for architectural expression is mediated by the skeletal networks of each cell. These networks establish cell morphology and phenotype and may also serve to transduce morphological signals regulating gene expression. In this view, the transduction of cell shape and surface contact signals is central to the establishment of differentiated cell organization and function. We further postulate that alterations in cytoskeletal organization may result in the break down of controlled gene expression in differentiated cells and tissues. In this study we present evidence suggesting that the tumor promoter 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) induces a specific alteration in the morphology and cytoskeletal organization of differentiated epithelial cell colonies. This morphological “signature” closely resembles the phenotype expressed by permanently transformed cells. These results suggest that such an alteration of cytoarchitecture may be an obligatory step in the establishment of neoplastic growth. Certainly gross changes in cellular organization are well-established diagnostic markers for neoplasia (Weil, 1978) and serve as the basis of pathological examination.
Therapeutic aspects of support groups for parents of the mentally retarded.

In rearing a mentally retarded child, parents are confronted with a number of taxing stresses and problems. As a result, many in this parent population need and could benefit from a social support network. Unfortunately, such networks often do not exist or parents make no effort to join them. One seemingly useful means of providing a facilitative social system for parents of retardates is via the support group. In this article, two support groups—each developed to assist parents in adjusting to their retarded children—are described. Also, the process stages of these groups are discussed.
Altered Vitamin D, Cyclic Nucleotide and Trace Mineral Metabolism in the X-Linked Hypophosphatemic Mouse

Human X-linked hypophosphatemia is a genetic disease in which the mutant gene is dominant and sex-linked1. It is the most common form of vitamin D-resistant rickets1. The study of this disease has been aided by the discovery of the Hyp gene in mice2. This gene is also X-linked and dominant. Hyp mice have reduced tubular reabsorption of phosphate2, 3 which leads to hypophosphatemia and osteomalacic bone disease4. Their intestinal phosphate transport is resistant to 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D therapy5.
Effect of cholinergic agonists on bulbospinal C1 neurons in rats

Cholinergic inputs to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) may contribute to sympathetic tone generation. The present study analyzes the response of RVLM neurons to cholinergic agonists. In chloralose-anesthetized rats iontophoresis of carbachol excited RVLM sympathoexcitatory neurons (+69% from resting level of 11.9 +/- 2 spikes/s; n = 28). This effect was reduced 85% by iontophoresis of methylatropine and abolished by intravenous scopolamine. Iontophoresis of nicotine or hexamethonium was ineffective. In contrast, most RVLM respiratory units were inhibited by carbachol. Whole cell recordings of bulbospinal RVLM neurons were made in neonatal rat brain slices (54 cells, 24 C1 adrenergic neurons). In current-clamp recordings (without tetrodotoxin) carbachol produced depolarization, increased postsynaptic potential frequency, and decreased input resistance. In voltage-clamp recording (-50 to -60 mV; 1 microM tetrodotoxin) carbachol produced inward current [50% effective concentration (EC50): 10 +/- 1 microM; 12.6 +/- 2 pA at 30 microM; n = 16] that persisted in low Ca2+/high Mg2+ (n = 6). Muscarine (30 microM) caused smaller inward currents (2.6 +/- 0.6 pA; n = 16). The carbachol-induced current was reduced 46% by 5 microM methylatropine (n = 15) and 84% by 200 microM hexamethonium (n = 9). The current was linear as a function of the holding potential (extrapolated reversal potential: -22 +/- 2 mV). In conclusion, carbachol exerts both pre- and postsynaptic effects on C1 and other putative sympathoexcitatory RVLM neurons. In vitro the postsynaptic effect of carbachol has a mixed nicotinic and muscarinic pharmacology. In vivo, iontophoretically applied carbachol produces muscarinic excitation of barosensitive RVLM neurons.
Marketing Aspects of Drive-in Theaters

To THE motion picture industry, long the possessor of a large group of loyal customers, healthy profits, and a static organizational structure, post-war changes have come thick and fast, and not all such changes have had the prior blessings of the Hays office1 or the approval of exhibitors. One thing which has characterized these post-war changes is the fact that they appear to forecast survival for parts of the industry, and doom for other parts of the industry. For instance, the advent of television seems to portend continued high demand for the output of Hollywood's production facilities, since it is probable that 80 per cent of future television programs will be telecast from film recordings. However, the effects of television upon theater attendance may be very serious. Early studies2 have already indicated that a majority of the persons owning television sets attend movies less frequently than before such ownership. Another post-war influence has been the recent U. S. Supreme Court decision in the case of U. S. v. Paramount et al.,3 which case requires divorcement of theater facilities from the five major producers, and court-enforced competitive trade practices in the distribution of film. Still another important factor has
Change of line tension in phase-separated vesicles upon protein binding.

We measured the effect of a model membrane-binding protein on line tension and morphology of phase-separated lipid-bilayer vesicles. We studied giant unilamellar vesicles composed of a cholesterol/...
Investigation on organochlorine pesticides residue in vegetables,fruits and grains in Mianyang

Objective:To understand the residue status and distributing rule of four kinds of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) in vegetables,fruits and grains in Mianyang and provide scientific basis for formulating effective measures to prevent and control diseases.Methods:Samples were purchased from supermarkets,farm product markets and farmers in Mianyang and the OCPs were detected by gas chromatography.Results:The detection rates were 76.5% for BHC,63.5% for DDT,32.5% for dicofol and 14.0% for aldrin,respectively.The excessive rates of OCPs were 3.0% for dicofol and 0.5% for aldrin,respectively.The others were qualified.The detection rate of four kinds of OCPs in vegetables,fruits and grains had no significant difference(P0.05).The detection rates of four kinds of OCPs had significant difference(P0.05).The results obtained from three kinds of samples from different places showed no significant difference(P0.05).The excessive rate of the second quarter was the highest of four quarters with the rate of 5.9%.Conclusion:The detected rates of OCPs were higher in Mianyang.
One World To Rule Them All: How J.R.R. Tolkien Used Original Intertext to Create Middle-Earth

J.R.R. Tolkien is well known today as a beloved and skillful fantasy author. He is best known for his novels set in the mythical world called Middle-Earth, a realm that, although fictitious, has been fascinating and enchanting readers for many years. This essay argues that the rhetorical element which made (and continues to make) Tolkien's novels so popular and successful was his skillful use of intertextuality—specifically, his use of “original intertext,” a concept unique to this paper. Original intertext is a type of intertextuality that draws on original content created by the same author who is using the intertext. By examining three key elements of Tolkien's original intertext—legend, landscape, and language—this paper demonstrates how he employed intertextual rhetoric to make Middle-Earth seem like a real place to his readers, and thereby shows how modern creative writers can emulate his use of rhetoric to make their own fantasy worlds just as powerful and enduring.
A prisoner of one's own mind: Identifying and understanding existential isolation

Abstract Although often treated as a singular construct, social isolation can assume an interpersonal or an existential form ( Yalom, 1980 ). Here we develop an individual difference measure of existential isolation, or, isolation with regard to one's experience of reality ( Pinel et al., 2004 , Yalom, 1980 ). We detail the validation of the Existential Isolation Scale and provide evidence of its convergent, discriminant, and criterion validities (Studies 1 and 2). In addition, we show that levels of existential isolation remain stable over a two-week period (Study 3), but also change as expected among those primed with the construct (Study 3). In the discussion, we review research that further establishes the uniqueness of this construct and its relevance to understanding the causes and consequences associated with social isolation more broadly construed.
Characterization of hangover following intravenous alcohol exposure in social drinkers: methodological and clinical implications.

Hangover refers to the cluster of physiological and behavioral symptoms that occur following the end of a drinking episode. While hangover has been studied after the typical oral consumption of alcohol, the occurrence of hangover following intravenous (IV) alcohol administration in human laboratory studies has not been previously reported. This study characterizes hangover symptoms and post-infusion drinking behavior following acute IV alcohol administration in social drinkers. Twenty-one to thirty-year-old healthy social drinkers (n = 24) underwent an alcohol clamp session at breath alcohol concentration of 0.06 percent. Hangover symptoms as well as any post-infusion drinking that occurred between the end of the session and the following morning were assessed using the Acute Hangover Scale, and examined for influences of recent drinking history, family history of alcoholism and Sex. Results indicated a 79 percent prevalence of hangover symptoms, with the most common symptoms being 'tired', 'thirsty' and 'headache'. Recent drinking measures showed significant effects on Average Hangover Scale scores, with heavier drinkers showing greater hangover symptoms. There was a significant sex difference in average hangover scores, with females reporting higher scores than males. Subjective measures of stimulation and intoxication were also associated with Average Hangover Scale scores. The probability of post-infusion drinking was not predicted by hangover scores, but was related to recent drinking history; subjective response to alcohol was a significant mediator of this relationship. These findings demonstrate that hangover symptoms are experienced following IV alcohol administration, and extend previous studies of influences of risk factors for alcohol use disorders including recent drinking on hangover.
The effect of cognitive testing and feedback on older adults' subjective age.

ABSTRACTSubjective age, or how old a person feels, is an important measure of self-perception that is associated with consequential cognitive and health outcomes. Recent research suggests that subjective age is affected by certain situations, including cognitive testing contexts. The current study examined whether cognitive testing and positive performance feedback affect subjective age and subsequent cognitive performance. Older adults took a series of neuropsychological and cognitive tests and subjective age was measured at various time points. Participants also either received positive or no feedback on an initial cognitive task, an analogies task. Results showed that participants felt older over the course of the testing session, particularly after taking a working memory test, relative to baseline. Positive feedback did not significantly mitigate this subjective aging effect. Results suggest that subjective age is malleable and that it can be affected by standard cognitive and neuropsychological test...
SAFETY AND FEASIBILITY OF ROTATIONAL ATHERECTOMY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS AND CALCIFIC CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE UNDERGOING EVALUATION FOR TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT

Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) followed by transcatheter valve replacement is an alternative for patients with severe aortic stenosis (SAS) and coronary artery disease (CAD). In many, the coronaries are calcific and best treated with rotational or orbital atherectomy (RA or OA
Leveraging the Autonomous Mobile On-Orbit Diagnostic System to Initiate a Doctrinal Shift in Spacecraft Operations

The goal of the Autonomous Mobile On-Orbit Diagnostic System (AMODS) is to use the small satellite platform to provide a conventional satellite with cost-effective on-orbit assessment and repair services. AMODS, which will service both new and legacy spacecraft, is comprised of (1) several “repair” CubeSat-class satellites (RSats) with manipulable arms that will latch onto and locomote around a host satellite; and (2) one self-propelled transport CubeSat (BRICSat) designed to successively deliver multiple RSats to their respective host spacecraft on-orbit. AMODS will be validated in three phases. Phase one focuses on propulsive and proximity operations of the BRICSat vehicle and includes the launch of BRICSat-P on 20 May 2015 and BRICSat-D in 2017. Phase two, the 2017 launch of the prototype repair unit, RSat-P, will validate the on-orbit effectiveness of compact robotic manipulators. The follow-on launches will continue to improve performance of both satellites in order to demonstrate key capabilities that will make the AMODS vision a reality. This publication presents an overview of the AMODS system and its potential to effect a paradigm shift in space operations. It details the considerations and required capabilities that guided the design of the BRICSat transfer vehicle and the robotic manipulators and end-effectors on the RSat unit.
The Pilocarpine Model of Acquired Epilepsy

Abstract Research in epilepsy has employed a plethora of animal models with which to study and better understand the mechanisms that lead to this debilitating condition. Modeling human disease requires a rigorous approach, and methodologies that can be easily standardized across laboratories. The following chapter will describe the pilocarpine model of acquired epilepsy. The pilocarpine model mimics many of the features of acquired epilepsy in humans, especially that of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). A characteristic of the acquired epilepsies is that the onset of seizures is often preceded by an initial precipitating injury, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, or a prolonged period of status epilepticus (SE). With these types of injuries, the temporal lobe is especially vulnerable. The most prevalent of adult-onset epilepsies, TLE is also known to be difficult to treat and thus the need for novel treatment approaches is great. The following is an in-depth discussion of the post-SE pilocarpine model of acquired epilepsy. Following a brief introduction to TLE, the methods and variables that optimize successful implementation of the pilocarpine procedure itself will be highlighted. How this model can be employed to study both the process of disease progression following SE (epileptogenesis) and/or the chronic disease state will follow the methodological description. Though the pilocarpine model of TLE has existed for nearly 30 years, the development and use of sophisticated monitoring and imaging techniques, in addition to the recent inclusion of various mice strains, warrants an updated review of this model.
Distributed controller role and interaction discovery

Distributed controllers have a ubiquitous presence in the electric power grid and play a prominent role in its daily operation. The failure or malfunction of distributed controllers is a serious threat whose mechanisms and consequences are not currently well understood and planned against. For example, if certain controllers are maliciously compromised by an adversary, they can be manipulated to drive the power system to an unsafe state. We seek to develop proactive strategies to protect the power grid from distributed controller compromise or failure. This research formalizes the roles that distributed controllers play in the grid, quantifies how their loss or compromise impacts the system, and develops effective strategies for maintaining or regaining system control. Specifically, an analytic method based on controllability analysis is derived using clustering and factorization techniques on controller sensitivities.
Chapter 8 – DSP Implementation Platform: TMS320C6x Architecture and Software Tools

Publisher Summary The choice of a digital signal processing (DSP) processor to be used in a signal processing system is generally application dependent. There are many factors that influence this choice, including cost, performance, power consumption, ease-of-use, time-to-market, and integration capabilities. This chapter focuses on TMS320C6x DSP processor, its components, architecture, and software tools. The TMS320C6x family of processors is manufactured by Texas Instruments and was primarily built to deliver speed. They are designed for million instructions per second (MIPS) intensive applications such as third generation (3G) wireless and digital imaging. Several processor versions are available for TMS320C6x family, which differ in instruction cycle time, speed, power consumption, memory, peripherals, packaging, and cost. The generic C6x architecture includes the C6x central processing unit (CPU) consisting of eight functional units divided into two sides A and B. Each side has a .M unit used for multiplication operation, a .L unit used for logical and arithmetic operations, a .S unit used for branch, bit manipulation and arithmetic operations, and a .D unit used for loading, storing, and arithmetic operations. The peripherals on a typical C6x processor include external memory interface (EMIF), direct memory access (DMA), boot loader, multi-channel buffered serial port (McBSP), host port interface (HPI), timer, and power down unit. The C64x is a recent DSP core, a part of the C6x family, with higher MIPS power and operating at higher clock rates.
Using AVX2 Instruction Set to Increase Performance of High Performance Computing Code

In this paper we discuss new Intel instruction extensions - Intel Advance Vector Extensions 2 (AVX2) and what these bring to high performance computing (HPC). To illustrate this new systems utilizing AVX2 are evaluated to demonstrate how to effectively exploit AVX2 for HPC types of the code and expose the situation when AVX2 might not be the most effective way to increase performance.
Viaggiando nel tempo 2: sulle tracce degli askoi di Pierre Cintas

The purpose of this paper is to present some teriomorphic askoi came from the tofet of Carthage and from the Phoenician necropolis of Monte Sirai. The Carthaginian vessels, of Phoenician time, depicting two ducks and a ram, were stored in the Musee de Utique reserves. Those of Monte Sirai, configured as ducks, are unpublished and were kept in the Civic Archaeological Museum “Villa Sulcis” of Carbonia.Published online 8/1/2018
Islet Interleukin-1β Immunoreactivity Is an Early Feature of Cystic Fibrosis That May Contribute to β-Cell Failure

OBJECTIVE Cystic fibrosis–related diabetes (CFRD) is a common complication of cystic fibrosis (CF), increasing patient morbidity and mortality. Poor understanding of CFRD pathogenesis limits the development of targeted therapies to treat and/or prevent the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate islet pathology, specifically, inflammation, amyloid deposition, and endocrine cell composition in subjects with CF with diabetes and with CF without diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of archived pancreas tissue collected at autopsy was conducted using pancreas tissue from subjects with CF and diabetes (CFRD) ( n = 18) and CF without diabetes (CF-no DM) ( n = 17). Two cohorts of control non-CF subjects were identified, each matched to CFRD and CF-no DM subjects for age, sex, and BMI (non-CF older, n = 20, and non-CF younger, n = 20), respectively. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and islet hormone (insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide) immunoreactivity; histochemistry was performed to quantify amyloid deposition. RESULTS Islet IL-1β immunoreactivity was substantially increased in both CFRD and CF-no DM subjects compared with non-CF subjects and was common in young subjects with CF (≤10 years of age). In contrast, islet amyloid deposition was increased only in CFRD subjects. We also observe abnormal islet hormone immunoreactivity, characterized by increased glucagon immunoreactivity, in CF-no DM and CFRD subjects compared with non-CF subjects. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal novel molecular pathways and therapeutic targets underlying islet pathology in CF subjects and may be important in developing new approaches to treat CFRD.
Strategies to Engage Underrepresented Parents in Child Intervention Services: A Review of Effectiveness and Co-occurring Use

The purpose of this review was to estimate the impact of parent engagement strategies tested with underrepresented families of young children with social, emotional, or behavioral disorders, and describe the combinations in which these strategies are commonly used together. We conducted a systematic review using the PracticeWise Engagement Coding System to identify which strategies had the strongest empirical support for engaging underrepresented (i.e., minority race or ethnicity, or low income) families receiving psychosocial services for their children. Social network analyses were used to identify the frequency of strategy use and how strategies were combined to engage underrepresented families. Linear regression was used to estimate the impact of each strategy on parent engagement, using attrition as a proxy for non-engagement. Thirty-five studies met inclusion criteria. Parent attrition was predicted by larger sample sizes, lower maternal education, interventions that were more community or home-based, less therapist monitoring, positive reinforcement from therapists, and more pairing families with peers. Social network analyses suggested that more effective strategies were more frequently implemented alone and less effective strategies were commonly combined with each other. Our findings suggest that researchers and practitioners require guidance in selecting engagement strategies to reduce attrition of underrepresented families in treatment. Although we identified promising strategies for improving parent engagement in treatment for underrepresented children with social, emotional, or behavioral disorders, the frequent combining of engagement strategies in research means that there is little data on the independent effects of interventions to increase parent engagement for this population.
The American Context, Strategies, and Tactics

I end … with a call for action. American children … face high odds of experiencing poverty, violence, family disruption, drug addiction, and poor schooling. Proposals for new programs are consistently greeted with statements that there is no money, that the national deficit is already out of hand.
Inhibitor specificity of amine oxidase

Although at the present time it appears clear that amine oxidase oxidation of adrenalin, or other o-diphenolic pressor amines such as were studied by Richter (6), does not play a significant physiological role, it is equally clear that the inactivation of aliphatic amines, phenethylamine and probably 4-hydroxyphenethylamine (tyramine), does predominantly take place by amine oxidase oxidation. In view of the evidence from the experiments of Ewins and Laidlaw (8) and a later study by Guggenheim and Loffler (9), such amine oxidations chiefly occur in the liver. In the present studies, an attempt was made to value quantitatively the inhibition of some of these particular type compounds by certain types of amines which are not themselves oxidized by the enzyme system (see Alles and Heegaard (10)).
Older Adults’ Perspectives on Their Successful Adjustment to Vision Loss:

This article describes a qualitative study that explored 12 older adults’ successful adjustment to vision loss. These older adults identified factors related to their successful adjustment and offe...
The Organizational Structures of Mesoamerican Obsidian Prismatic Blade Technology

This chapter examines the organizational structures associated with the development of specialized obsidian blade production in Mesoamerica. At the time of the Spanish Conquest, Mesoamerica contained multiple large state-level societies that operated with essentially neolithic technologies, relying on stone tools for virtually all their cutting tasks. Obsidian was used for cutting tools in many areas of Mesoamerica and a specialized pressure blade technology developed to supply both domestic and state-level consumption needs. This chapter outlines the organization, scale, and complexity of obsidian blade production in Mesoamerica and the distribution systems that supported it. Mesoamerica is an example of the organizational complexity in stone tool production possible in ancient state-level societies when metallurgy is absent.
Integrative qualities and dimensions of social commerce: Toward a unified view

Abstract The wide popularity and rapid growth of social commerce have opened a new arena for business and grand opportunities for Information Systems (IS) research. However, there is only a limited theoretical understanding of and even less substantive empirical grounding on how social media technologies, providers, and customers interact to achieve social commerce initiatives and opportunities. This study integrates the service-dominant (S-D) logic and customer-dominant (C-D) logic perspectives and both streams of service marketing and IS usage literature, and proposes a unified framework outlining key qualities and dimensions of social commerce and their interactions. We tested the framework with a large set of field survey data of 1250 social commerce customers. The results show that each of the proposed dimensions captures a unique prominent aspect of social commerce; the multi-dimensions combine to define the underlying structural nature and process of social commerce. Furthermore, the testing of the model validated the hypothesized interactive relationships of key social commerce qualities. The unified view contributes to IS research in general and social commerce innovations, and provides managerial implications for understanding the overall interactions of social commerce.
The marketplace, mental well-being, and me: Exploring self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-compassion in consumer coping

Abstract Individuals with mental disorders (MD) not only struggle with functional impairment; they must also manage the stigma accompanying their diagnosis. In this research we explore the role of the marketplace as a resource to help consumers cope with MD-related stressors. Coping efforts are actions taken to protect, maintain, or restore wellbeing. However, the coping literature is largely silent on the process through which this is achieved. Our findings suggest the marketplace helps consumers cope by restoring or bolstering one of three conceptually distinct aspects of the self-concept: self-esteem, self-efficacy, and/or self-compassion. The self-concept goals prove differentially effective for wellbeing. We advocate future coping research focus on understanding self-concept goals rather than specific coping strategies. We also present recommendations for consumers and marketplace stakeholders to promote self-concept goals and wellbeing outcomes.
CARDIOVASCULAR CO-MORBIDITY AMONG PATIENTS TREATED WITH IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy improves survival for many patients with advanced and refractory cancers by blocking specific downregulators of immunity, allowing an immune response targeted toward tumor cells. This comes with the risk of heterogenous inflammatory reactions termed immune-
Gender Differences in Sense of Entitlement and Dating Abuse Perpetration

Abstract This article explores sense of entitlement as a motivating factor for intimate partner perpetration among men and women in college dating relationships. This article explores gender, sense...
Experimental determination of flame speed and flame stretch using an optically accessible, spark-ignition engine:

The current research experimentally studied flame speed and stretch under engine in-cylinder conditions. A direct-injection, spark-ignition, and optically accessible engine was utilized to image th...
Perioperative and Postoperative Management of Patients With Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

Although the number of available therapies for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (CD) continues to expand, a significant portion of patients with inflammatory bowel disease will require surgical intervention. Surgery remains an integral part of the treatment algorithm for patients with ulcerative colitis and CD, and thus multidisciplinary approaches to the perioperative and postoperative management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease are critical to improving outcomes during these periods. New mechanisms of biologic therapies are emerging and new treatment strategies focused on earlier and potentially more aggressive use of immunosuppressive therapies are advocated in the current treatment era. In this review, we outline multidisciplinary strategies for the preoperative management of immunosuppressive therapies, including a discussion of the most recent evidence regarding the safety of biologic therapy in the preoperative period. We also discuss the postoperative medical management of patients undergoing intestinal resection for CD, with a particular focus on risk stratification and appropriate therapy selection in the immediate postoperative setting. Finally, we review potential postoperative complications after restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and their management.
Provider Perspectives on Integrating Sensor-Captured Patient-Generated Data in Mental Health Care

The increasing ubiquity of health sensing technology holds promise to enable patients and health care providers to make more informed decisions based on continuously-captured data. The use of sensor-captured patient-generated data (sPGD) has been gaining greater prominence in the assessment of physical health, but we have little understanding of the role that sPGD can play in mental health. To better understand the use of sPGD in mental health, we interviewed care providers in an intensive treatment program (ITP) for veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. In this program, patients were given Fitbits for their own voluntary use. Providers identified a number of potential benefits from patients' Fitbit use, such as patient empowerment and opportunities to reinforce therapeutic progress through collaborative data review and interpretation. However, despite the promise of sensor data as offering an "objective" view into patients' health behavior and symptoms, the relationships between sPGD and therapeutic progress are often ambiguous. Given substantial subjectivity involved in interpreting data from commercial wearables in the context of mental health treatment, providers emphasized potential risks to their patients and were uncertain how to adjust their practice to effectively guide collaborative use of the FitBit and its sPGD. We discuss the implications of these findings for designing systems to leverage sPGD in mental health care.?
Candida in IBD: Friend or Foe?

In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Leonardi et al. demonstrate ulcerative colitis patients with high Candida responded best to fecal microbial transplant (FMT). However, decreased Candida post-treatment was associated with improved disease—suggesting that Candida reductions are associated with less inflammation. Pre-FMT Candida levels may identify FMT responders.
James and the Megan Family: Navigating Court and Allegations of Abuse:

Couples and family counselors daily encounter ethical dilemmas. These dilemmas are complex and multifaceted. This article is written to discuss and provide information to couples and family counsel...
Mechanics of the spindle apparatus

During mitosis microtubules self-organize to form a bipolar mitotic spindle structure, which positions the sister chromatids on the spindle mid-plane and separates them afterwards. Previous studies have identified many spindle associated proteins. Yet, we do not fully understand how these nanoscopic proteins lead to force generation through interactions of individual microtubules, motor proteins and chromosomes, and how a large number of these local interactions ultimately determine the structure and mechanics of the spindle in micron scale. Here we review the current understanding and open questions related to the structure and mechanics of the mitotic spindle. We then discuss how a combination of electron microscopy and computational modeling can be used to tackle some of these open questions.
Image Enhancement with Blind Deconvolution in Millimeter-Wave 3-D FLoSAR

Recently, three-dimensional (3-D) millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) Forward-Looking Synthetic Aperture Radar (FLoSAR) has emerged as a promising technology for applications such as self-landing, navigation, and collision-avoidance in a deteriorated vision environment. The FLoSAR images targets when the radar platform is moving in the forward direction. The advantage of operating at mm-Wave comes from potentially exploiting its unlicensed, wide bandwidth for high-resolution imaging. Simultaneously, high angular resolution is difficult to achieve in FLoSAR because objects located symmetrically along the flight direction have the same range and Doppler history. Additionally, at mmWave, GPS accuracy is insufficient to obtain platform position at subwavelength level leading to challenges in providing motion compensation in the reconstructed images. In this work, we investigate the autofocusing by modeling it as a sparse deconvolution problem. The radar measurements correspond to a convolution of unknown radar image with an impulse function that has unknown focusing errors. In particular, we exploit the sparse nature of the target scenario and compare the results with the phase gradient autofocus method.
Exploring truck driver-injury severity at intersections considering heterogeneity in latent classes: A case study of North Carolina

Abstract The fatal rate of truck-involved crashes is increasing and crashes become more severe than passenger vehicles in recent years. Much research has been dedicated to exploring the truck crash factors while scarce research focused on the intersection scenarios. This study investigates the factors that affect the severity level of truck-involved crashes at cross- and T-intersections. Due to the unobserved heterogeneity inherent in crash data, latent class analysis is firstly conducted to divide the crash dataset into relatively homogeneous clusters. Considering the ordinal feature of the severities, general ordered logit models are subsequently developed to further explore the specific factors within each cluster. This study uses the North Carolina’s truck-involved crash at intersection data during 2005 to 2017 from the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS). The estimated parameters and associated marginal effects are combined to interpret the impact of the significant variables within specific clusters. Many factors are found to contribute to the severities, and T-intersection is found to be safer than cross-intersection. For driving behaviors, followed too closely, disregarded signs, disregarded signals, failed to yield, and exceeded speed are found to be top five factors that increase the crash severity at intersections. These results indicate that distraction and speed limits violation always result in severe injury for humans involved in the truck crashes at the intersections. The results of this research provide more reliable analysis for the impact factors of truck-involved crashes at intersections to engineering practitioners and researchers.
State Space Modeling for Size Changes

In situ transmission electron microscope is a promising instrument to explore for the nanoscale world, allowing motion pictures to be taken while nano objects are initiating, crystalizing, and morphing into different sizes and shapes. To enable in-process control of nanocrystal production, this technology innovation needs a data science solution addressing the capability of online tracking of the underlying stochastic process of nanocrystal growth. A dynamic, time-varying probability distribution is used to reflect the collective behavior of nanocrystal growth, rather than the change in size and shape of individual particles. Chapter 7 focuses on dynamic modeling of size changes, whereas Chap. 8 presents dynamic modeling for shape changes or for both size and shape changes. Since no known parametric density function can adequately describe the evolving distribution associated with a multi-stage growth process, a nonparametric approach is inevitable. As such, the online tracking problem discussed in this chapter becomes the data science problem of modeling, estimating, and updating of a nonparametric, time-varying probability density distribution.
Tolerability of bevacizumab and chemotherapy in a phase 3 clinical trial with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer: A trajectory analysis of adverse events.

BACKGROUND E5103 was a study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab. It was a negative trial for the end points of invasive disease-free survival and overall survival. The current work examines the tolerability of bevacizumab and other medication exposures with respect to clinical outcomes and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). METHODS Adverse events (AEs) collected from the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events were summarized to form an AE profile at each treatment cycle. All-grade and high-grade events were separately analyzed. The change in the AE profile over the treatment cycle was delineated as distinct AE trajectory clusters. AE-related and any-reason early treatment discontinuations were treated as clinical outcome measures. PROs were measured with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast + Lymphedema. The relationships between the AE trajectory and early treatment discontinuation as well as PROs were analyzed. RESULTS More than half of all AEs (57.5%) were low-grade. A cluster of patients with broad and mixed AE (all-grade) trajectory grades was significantly associated with any-reason early treatment discontinuation (odds ratio [OR], 2.87; P = .01) as well as AE-related discontinuation (OR, 4.14; P = .001). This cluster had the highest count of all-grade AEs per cycle in comparison with other clusters. Another cluster of patients with primary neuropathic AEs in their trajectories had poorer physical well-being in comparison with a trajectory of no or few AEs (P < .01). A high-grade AE trajectory did not predict discontinuations. CONCLUSIONS A sustained and cumulative burden of across-the-board toxicities, which were not necessarily all recognized as high-grade AEs, contributed to early treatment discontinuation. Patients with neuropathic all-grade AEs may require additional attention for preventing deterioration in their physical well-being.
The Particle Accelerator Simulation Code PyORBIT

Abstract The particle accelerator simulation code PyORBIT is presented. The structure, implementation, history, parallel and simulation capabilities, and future development of the code are discussed. The PyORBIT code is a new implementation and extension of algorithms of the original ORBIT code that was developed for the Spallation Neutron Source accelerator at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The PyORBIT code has a two level structure. The upper level uses the Python programming language to control the flow of intensive calculations performed by the lower level code implemented in the C + + language. The parallel capabilities are based on MPI communications. The PyORBIT is an open source code accessible to the public through the Google Open Source Projects Hosting Service.
Adaptive Load Balancing Between Mobile Robots Through Learning in an Artificial Neural System

This paper provides a framework for a class of methods to solve the adaptive load balancing problem in flexible manufacturing systems. The control system is composed of a group of associative learning automata which interact with each other in a game-theoretic sense. Each automaton makes use of a global reinforcement signal for learning the control strategy under different state input. The control actions suggested by the automata interact through a constraint satisfaction network to give a globally legal set of control actions. Using existing techniques in neural network research, we propose one particular method of the class by implementing both the associative reinforcement learning and the constraint satisfaction modules by connectionist networks. Comparisons of this method with other related studies will be discussed. We expect our current simulation work to provide empirical support for future analytical study.
Succesive Co-Channel Interference Cancellation

In this work, a successive four-stage interference cancellation model to unwrap and remove two co-channel interference signals is introduced and successfully tested. This model utilizes the second order statistics of the co-channel interference signals in an interference limited communication environment for interference cancelation. In this model, interferers and the signal of interest (SOI) are considered as multiple inputs of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. Therefore, MIMO equalizers and blind MIMO channel estimator are employed for the corresponding tasks. At any stage of equalization in this model, a single signal is equalized and recovered. Later, a replica of the captured signal is cancelled from the received signal mixture. The remaining signal is fed to the next stage for equalization. The benefit of using this scheme is mainly improving the quality of the SOI by re-equalizing after interferers are completely removed. In the results section, 16 dB interference cancellation gain is shown where interferers are as strong as signal (SIR=0) and SNR is 30 dB. A Rayleigh fading (iid) channel is used for simulation.
Interference removal using multiple detection hypotheses

An approach for reducing the impact of strong interfering contacts when using an ambiguity surface for detection and tracking, as is the case in many sonar and radar applications, is presented. The problem of broadband detection from a multibeam line array is considered. The algorithm uses an ambiguity surface generated by integrating existing broadband detection outputs according to predefined hypotheses of potential contact bearing and bearing rate. The impact of interference is reduced by generating two surfaces, one corresponding to strong contacts and the other corresponding to weak contacts. Strong interference contacts are recognized on a scan-by-scan basis. >
Naturally Aligned: A Psycholinguistic Study of Shared Situation Awareness Among Military Sensor Operations Teams

Military sensor operators talk as they work. Individuals operating as a team converse to recognize and focus attention upon elements of evidence, to conceive elements into populations, and to imagine what might happen next. When different teams interplay their different sensors, contradictory data, misunderstandings, and different constraints impose heavy cognitive overhead costs. Teams must think cross-culturally to collapse expert intuitions into poetically brief remarks that preserve uncertainties and ambiguities. These conversational negotiations are linguistically remarkable for speed, multiple overlapping speakers, terseness (very little data), and subjective ease. The interactive alignment account of Garrod & Pickering explains natural dialogue as a scaffold of neural representations (sounds to situations) among which priming mechanisms percolate activations. Dialogue is easy because automaticity aligns each person's scaffold into a predictive/reactive situation model subject to conscious control. We use an illustrative dialogue to explore the idea that cross-cultural situation awareness has recruited these psycholinguistic mechanisms.
The US Corporate Elephant

Drawn from a speech at the opening convocation at two notarial schools in Italy, this is a story of modern US corporate law. Unlike the statist nature of the corporation in many other countries, the nature of the US corporation is essentially private. It is based on state corporate law, chosen by the parties. Federal law, though regulating disclosure to public investors, mostly avoids a role in the management of the corporation. The corporation rules of state law are largely enabling, not mandatory. The parties have a wide latitude in choosing their own structures. The preeminent provider of state law is Delaware, whose preeminence comes from offering a balanced package of legislative responsiveness, legal expertise, judicial expertise and efficiency, comprehensive case law, and assurances of being non-political. Corporate law in the United States provides only basic creditor protections, assuming that most protections will come through markets and contracts. Significant emphasis is placed on fiduciary duties of corporate directors - to the corporation and shareholders. Fiduciary duties are dynamic, adapting to new governance and market circumstances. Also dynamic are other aspects of corporate law, as illustrated by the legislative, administrative and judicial responses to recent corporate and accounting scandals. Some aspects of corporate law, fundamental to the legitimacy of the corporation, remain unaddressed. The role of the corporation in politics, the place of institutional investors in corporate governance, the responsibility of the corporation for social and environmental practices not mandated by law - these are the current questions for corporate law. Will the corporation be up to the task?
Telomeropathies: An emerging spectrum disorder

A constellation of related genetic diseases are caused by defects in the telomere maintenance machinery. These disorders, often referred to as telomeropathies, share symptoms and molecular mechanisms, and mounting evidence indicates they are points along a spectrum of disease. Several new causes of these disorders have been recently discovered, and a number of related syndromes may be unrecognized telomeropathies. Progress in the clinical understanding of telomeropathies has in turn driven progress in the basic science of telomere biology. In addition, the pattern of genetic anticipation in some telomeropathies generates thought-provoking questions about the way telomere length impacts the course of these diseases.