cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluating artificial intelligence heuristics for a flexible Kanban system: simultaneous Kanban controlling and scheduling

This paper evaluates several artificial intelligence heuristics for a simultaneous Kanban controlling and scheduling on a flexible Kanban system. The objective of the problem is to minimise a total production cost that includes due date penalty, inventory, and machining costs. We show that the simultaneous Kanban controlling and scheduling is critical in minimising the total production cost (approximately 30% cost reduction over scheduling without a Kanban controlling). To identify the most effective search method for the simultaneous Kanban controlling and scheduling, we evaluated widely known artificial intelligence heuristics: genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, tabu search, and neighbourhood search. Computational results show that the tabu search performs the best in terms of solution quality. The tabu search also requires a much less computational time than the genetic algorithm and the simulated annealing. To further improve the solution quality and computational time for a simultaneous Kanban c...
Preconditioned Krylov solvers for BEA

The performance of a number of preconditioned Krylov methods is analysed for a large variety of boundary element formulations. Low- and high-order element, two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional 3-D, regular, singular and hypersingular, collocation and symmetric Galerkin, single- and multi-zone, thermal and elastic, continuous and discontinuous boundary formulations with and without condensation are considered. Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (CG) solvers in standard form and a form effectively operating on the normal equations (CGN), Generalized Minimal Residual (GMRES), Conjugate Gradient Squared (CGS) and Stabilized Bi-conjugate Gradient (Bi-CGSTAB) Krylov solvers are employed in this study. Both the primitive and preconditioned matrix operators are depicted graphically to illustrate the relative amenability of the alternative formulations to solution via Kryiov methods, and to contrast and explain their computational performances. A notable difference between 2-D and 3-D BEA operators is readily visualized in this manner. Numerical examples are presented and the relative conditioning of the various discrete BEA operators is reflected in the performance of the Krylov equation solvers. A preconditioning scheme which was found to be uncompetitive in the collocation BEA context is shown to make iterative solution of symmetric Galerkin BEA problems more economical than employing direct solution techniques. We conclude that the preconditioned Krylov techniques are competitive with or superior to direct methods in a wide range of boundary formulated problems, and that their performance can be partially correlated with certain problem characteristics.
Unstable swelling behaviour of alkali silica gels

Abstract Some members of a suite of alkali silica gels tested for free swell and for swell under constant applied load showed unexpected behavior, which we attribute to structural rearrangements within the affected gels. Access to water while these particular gels were loaded resulted in increased swelling compared to the unloaded replicates tested for free swell. In some instances this enhanced swelling under load was terminated by a sudden liquification of the gel. Finally, a single gel tested after aging four months had lost all its ability to swell or to generate swell pressure. Some implications of these observed instabilities on the possible behavior of gel in concrete affected by alkali silica reaction are discussed.
Single-mode fiber coupling efficiency with graded-index rod lenses

Losses are calculated for the single-mode graded-index- (GRIN-) lens coupler. The main advantage of this coupling system is large separation between fibers with small power loss. The excess loss of the GRIN-lens coupler is due primarily to the misalignments of the GRIN lenses and is most sensitive to angular tilt rather than lateral offset or end separation. The excess loss is calculated from the overlap of two differently sized or misaligned Gaussian beams. Experimental results show that this method is adequate for predicting losses that are due to misalignments of the GRIN lenses.
Reaction kinetics of the gasification of Michigan Antrim oil shale char

Abstract Both CO 2 and steam gasification kinetics were determined for Michigan Antrim shale char using TGA techniques in combination with on-line gas chromatography. While the reaction kinetic expressions were similar to those previously derived for Green River Formation (western USA) and Swedish Ranstad shale chars, the gasification rates were found to be on the same order as those of Ranstad char but significantly lower than those of western shale char. In addition, the gas produced from steam gasification was found to be significantly higher in CO than the corresponding gas from western shale char. This and the presence of significant quantities of CO 2 lower the attractiveness of Antrim char as a source of synthesis gas or hydrogen.
Investigation of the effect of a topically applied tackifier in reducing particle bounce in a melt-blown air filter

Many commercially available indoor air filters are currently being marketed with tackifier filter adhesives applied to the surface of the fibres or to the face of the filters. However, little information is available in the literature concerning the application of these tackifiers, and their effectiveness in reducing particle penetration through filters. It is of scientific value to investigate the efficacy of such tackifiers, especially in the light of increasing concern for indoor air quality. The paper presents the ongoing results of an investigation in which polypropylene melt-blown media were manufactured under a variety of operating conditions, to produce media which might be suitable for use in indoor air quality filters. The filter media were prepared at the Textiles & Nonwovens Development Center (TANDEC), and tested for filtration efficiency in the Air Quality Laboratory housed in the Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Efficiencies were determined using both cold, polydispersed dioctylpthalate (DOP), as well as monodispersed latex particles (0.6 to 3.0 μ) using an ASTM 1215 filtration test stand. The objectives of the research were to determine the initial efficiency of the media at velocities ranging from 3 to 375 cm/s, and to compare the measured results with filtration theory. At the higher velocities, typical of those used in indoor air filters, the experimental efficiencies using dry particles were significantly less than both the DOP and theoretical efficiencies, because of the kinetic energy of the particles, which resulted in particle bounce. Empirical corrections were developed as a function of the kinetic energy to account for the decreased efficiency resulting from particle bounce, and are presented. Tests were also conducted on a melt-blown medium in which the fibres were coated with various loadings of a tackifier, referred to here as being ‘topically’ applied. The results showed that the efficiencies at high velocities were improved as a result of the reduction in particle bounce, while the efficiencies at low velocities were unchanged even though larger effective fibre diameters resulted from application of the tackifier.
How decisions happen in organizations

This essay is a story about how we might think about decisions and decision making in organizations. The story is divided into three major parts. The first part is based on a vision of decisions as resulting from intendedly rational choice. Such a vision is the dominant portrayal of decisions in social science. This vision of decisions is elaborated by considering developments associated with problems of uncertainty, ambiguity, risk preference, and conflict. The second part of the story is based on a vision of decisions as driven by a logic of appropriateness implemented through a structure of organizational rules and practices, not by a logic of consequence. The discussion of rules and rule following is extended by considering the ways in which rules of behavior evolve through experience, selection, and diffusion. The third part of the story examines ideas about decision making that challenge standard ideas of decision altogether, visions that picture the outcomes of decisions as artifactual rather than as central to understanding decision making. These visions are exemplified by discussions of networks, temporal orders, symbols, and the development of meaning.
Abstract 2861: Inhibition of mTOR and AKT as a potential strategy for the treatment of basal-like breast cancer

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Basal-like breast cancer is an aggressive disease, for which effective targeted therapies are lacking. The frequent loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and aberrant activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT-mTOR pathway in basal-like breast cancer make it an attractive therapeutic strategy to target AKT and mTOR. To evaluate the effect of PTEN loss on tumor cell sensitivity to mTOR inhibition, we performed PTEN knockdown experiment in vitro using a basal-like breast cancer cell line WU-BC3, which was derived from a patient with triple negative breast cancer. A more dramatic reduction in cell proliferation was observed in WU-BC3 siPTEN compared to that in WU-BC3 siControl following 7 days of treatment with the mTOR inhibitor MK-8669 (p<0.001). We then tested MK-8669 and MK-2206 (an allosteric, selective pan-AKT inhibitor), either alone or in combination, in 2 Human Tumor in Mouse (HIM) models of basal-like breast cancer, WU-BC4 and WU-BC5, that are deficient in PTEN expression in vivo. In both models, MK-8669 alone significantly inhibited tumor growth (p<0.001). However, the combination of MK-8669 and MK-2206 was more effective than either MK-8669 (p<0.05) or MK-2206 (p<0.01) alone. Biomarker studies indicated that the combination therapy resulted in a more dramatic inhibition of tumor cell proliferation (as assessed by Ki67) and angiogenesis (as assessed by CD31 staining) than single agents alone in both models. In addition, treatment with MK-2206 abolished the MK-8669-induced AKT activation in vivo, suggesting the inhibition of the feedback loop between mTOR and AKT being a potential underlying mechanism for the enhanced anti-tumor effect observed with the combination therapy. Our results provide a preclinical rationale for future clinical investigation of this combination in basal-like breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2861. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2861
Comparison of two methods of near-surface wind speed estimation in the 22 May, 2011 Joplin, Missouri Tornado

Abstract Tornado research has significantly advanced our understanding of tornadoes and their impacts. However, knowledge of the near-surface (
A profile of perceived capabilities for the preschool child

The necessity of evaluating adult perceptions of children's developmental capabilities gains in importance when one considers both the emerging research on expectancy and learning as well as the trend toward multi-source nondiscriminatory assessment as a basis for individualized program planning. This paper presents an adaptation of Iscoe and Payne's Functional Classification System which focuses upon profiling the differential subjective impressions of adults who interact with handicapped and non-handicapped preschoolers. A brief description of the profile is presented as well as its role in the screening, assessment, intervention, evaluation sequence. Preliminary research data on the measure's reliability and practicality are also cited.
Effects of Interfacial Strength and Roughness on the Static Friction Coefficient

A finite element model is used to simulate sliding inception of a rigid flat on a deformable sphere under combined normal and tangential loading. Sliding inception is treated as the loss of tangential contact stiffness under combined effects of plasticity, crack propagation and interfacial slip. Energy dissipation distribution is used to quantify the relative contribution of these mechanisms on the increased compliance during tangential loading. Materials with different strength and toughness properties, and varying local interface conditions ranging from fully adhered to finite friction, are studied to relate variations in plastic deformations, crack and slip to the sliding inception. For fully adhered contact condition, crack and fracture toughness have no effect on sliding inception, with plasticity, the dominant failure mechanism. A measure of recoverable strain (yield strength to Young’s modulus ratio) is found to be the most influential parameter in sliding inception. Interfacial slip is expectedly the dominant mechanism for sliding inception for lower coefficient of friction, modeling lubricated contacts. Interplay of plasticity and interfacial slip is found to govern the onset of sliding for higher local friction coefficients. Furthermore, the single asperity results are incorporated in a statistical model for nominally flat contacting rough surfaces under combined normal and tangential loading to investigate the stochastic effects due to surface roughness and material property uncertainties. The results show that the static coefficient of friction strongly depends on the normal load, material properties, local interfacial strength and roughness parameters.
A real-time TMS320C40 based parallel system for high rate digital signal processing

The authors present the design and development of the TMS320C40 Parallel Processing Application Module (PPAM), a high-rate, parallel processing system for real-time digital signal processing applications. The PPAM is a stand-alone system, consisting of a four TMS320C40 board with analog interface, parallel run time support library, an SCSI port, and an IEEE JTAG compatible parallel processing emulation board. The total processing power of the system is 200 MFLOPS and it has 1.1 billion total operations/s performance with a peak interprocessor communication rate of 3.84 Gb/s. As examples, the performance of the PPAM is benchmarked by the implementation of a real-time multichannel echo canceller, an adaptive recursive least square lattice line enhancer, and the JPEG standard for image compression. >
HPTLC ANALYSIS OF TISSUE AND BLOOD OF BIOMPHALARIA GLABRATA SNAILS TO ASSESS THE EFFECTS OF A DIET OF ROMAINE LETTUCE LEAF VERSUS MIDRIB ON THE CONCENTRATIONS OF LIPIDS, PIGMENTS,AND CARBOHYDRATES

HPTLC analysis was used to determine the concentrations of lipids, lipophilic pigments, and carbohydrates in the blood and tissues of Biomphalaria glabrata snails fed the leafy versus midrib portion of Romaine lettuce. HPTLC analysis was also used to analyze the concentrations of these analytes in the two diets. The concentrations of certain neutral lipids, phospholipids, lipophilic pigments, and carbohydrates were significantly higher in snails fed the leafy rather than the midrib diet. Correspondingly, the concentrations of these analytes were significantly greater in the leafy versus midrib portion of the lettuce. Snail growth was significantly greater when fed the leafy versus midrib portion. In a chemoattraction bioassay, in which snails were allowed to choose between the two diets, snails were significantly attracted to the leaf rather than the midrib portion. For optimal growth and chemical composition of B. glabrata maintained in the laboratory, we suggest that the midrib portion of Romaine lettuc...
Ipsilateral versus contralateral cortical motor projections to a shoulder adductor in chronic hemiparetic stroke: implications for the expression of arm synergies

An increase in ipsilateral descending motor pathway activity has been reported following hemiparetic stroke. In axial muscles, increased ipsilateral cortical activity has been correlated with good recovery whereas in distal arm muscles it is correlated with poor recovery. Currently, little is known about the control of proximal upper limb muscles following stroke. This muscle group is less impaired than the distal arm muscles following stroke, yet contributes to the abnormal motor coordination patterns associated with movements of the arm which can severely impair reaching ability. This study used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to evaluate the presence and magnitude of ipsilateral and contralateral projections to the pectoralis major (PMJ) muscle in stroke survivors. A laterality index (LI) was used to investigate the relationship between ipsilateral and contralateral projections and strength, clinical impairment level, and the degree of abnormal coordination expressed in the arm. The ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres were stimulated using 90% TMS intensity while the subject generated shoulder adduction torques in both arms. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were measured in the paretic and non-paretic PMJ. The secondary torque at the elbow was measured during maximal adduction as an indicator of the degree of extensor synergy. Ipsilateral MEPs were most common in stroke survivors with moderate to severe motor deficits. The LI was correlated with clinical impairment level (P = 0.05) and the degree of extension synergy expressed in the arm (P = 0.03). The LI was not correlated with strength. These results suggest that increased excitability of ipsilateral pathways projecting to the proximal upper arm may contribute to the expression of the extension synergy following stroke. These findings are discussed in relation to a possible unmasking or upregulation of oligosynaptic cortico-bulbospinal pathways following stroke.
Information in places

As global positioning, wireless communication, and mobile display technologies continue to advance, our notion of place will change. Information objects—first geocoded signs and later animated special effects—will begin to populate real physical space on what we call WorldBoard channels. WorldBoard is a proposed global infrastructure to associate information with places and ultimately to provide people with enhanced information perception services. This paper explores the notion of a WorldBoard from four perspectives: historical background, technical feasibility, potential applications, and social implications. Recent developments, ranging from lower-cost Global Positioning System (GPS)-enabled car navigation systems to Casio Electronics' first-of-a-kind GPS-enabled wristwatch, foreshadow increased availability of location-aware information services and products. While significant technical, application development, and social challenges remain before a complete WorldBoard infrastructure can be made broadly, uniformly, and cost-effectively available, some feasible first steps toward this important goal are recommended. Finally, a notion like WorldBoard offers an opportunity to reflect on how technological possibilities unfold.
Materials released into culture medium by normal and oncogenic virus-transformed mammalian cells.

Abstract Materials released into culture medium by transformed and untransformed baby hamster kidney cells labelled with glucosamine, sulfate, fucose or leucine were characterized. Some of the components could also be labelled by iodination of intact cells, indicating their surface origin. Analysis on gradient polyacrylamide sodium lauryl sulfate gels demonstrated that a group of high apparent molecular weight glucosamine-labelled components were more abundant in materials released from Rous sarcoma virus-transformed baby hamster kidney cells than from baby hamster kidney cells or polymo virus-transformed baby hamster kidney cells. The relative rates of release of glucosamine-labelled components from transformed and untransformed cells were similar except that the transformed baby hamster kidney cells released some large molecular weight components slightly more rapidly than baby hamster kidney cells. Treatment of labelled medium materials with testicular hyaluronidase removed much glucosamine label from the materials but did not affect the amounts of other labels. After treatment with hyaluronidase, the patterns of labelled conditioned media from both transformed and untransformed baby hamster kidney cells were qualitatively and quantitatively very similar, suggesting that the differences seen in untreated labelled conditioned media were due to the presence of hyaluronidase-sensitive materials associated with medium materials rather than to actual differences in glycoproteins.
Cell-to-cell channels with two independently regulated gates in series: Analysis of junctional conductance modulation by membrane potential, calcium, and pH

We study cell-to-cell channels, in cell pairs isolated fromChironomus salivary gland, by investigating the dependence of junctional conductance (g j) on membrane potentials (E 1,E 2), on Ca2+, and on H+, and we explore the interrelations among these dependencies; we use two separate voltage clamps to set the membrane potentials and to measureg j. We findg j to depend on membrane potentials whether or not a transjunctional potential is present. The pattern ofg j dependence on membrane potentials suggests that each channel has two closure mechanisms (gates) in series. These gates pertain, respectively, to the two cell faces of the junction. By treating the steady-stateg j as the resultant of two simultaneous but independent voltage-sensitive open/closed equilibria, one within each population of gates (i. e., one on either face of the junction), we develop a model to account for the steady-stateg j vs.E relationship. Elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ or H+ at fixedE lowersg j, but at moderate concentrations of these ions this effect can be completely reversed by clamping to more negativeE. Overall, the effect of a change inpCa i or pH i takes the form of a parallel shift of theg j vs. E curve along theE axis, without change in slope. We conclude (1) that the patency of a cell-to-cell channel is determined by the states of patency of its two gates; (2) that the patency of the gates depends on membrane potentials (not on transjunctional potential), onpCa i , and on pH i ; (3) thatpCa i and pH i determine the position of theg j vs. E curve on theE axis; and (4) that neither Ca2+ nor H+ at moderate concentrations alters the volrage sensitivity ofg j.
Chromosome Breakage in Vicia faba by Ozone

IMPORTANT to an understanding of the biological effects of high-energy radiations is the concept of active radical formation in water1. The inability of hydrogen peroxide per se to simulate irradiation effects at concentrations expected in the cytoplasm of irradiated cells2 has focused attention on the active radicals OH and HO2. The chemical activity of such free radicals produced by the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide with ferric ions has recently been discussed3, and Phillips4 describes the production of chromosome aberrations in barley by these hydrogen peroxide ‘precursors’.
Debt Service Reserve Fund (DSRF) As A Response to Repayment Risk

A theoretical model of an optimal debt service reserve fund loan contract is constructed. The optimal size of a debt reserve is derived for the lender and the borrower. Changes in the optimal size with respect to changes in exogenous factors, such as interest rate or variability of investment returns, are derived. Means for resolving the difference between the lender's and the borrower's optimal debt reserve are discussed. A simple three period model is the basis for the analysis.
Aldol Condensations on Basic Alumina: The Facile Syntheses of Chalcones and Enones in a Solvent-Free Medium

Abstract The condensation of benzaldehyde derivatives with ketones was carried out on basic alumina in the absence of solvents. The reaction provides a facile entry into the chalcone and enone systems.
Organization of somatosensory cortex in the Northern grasshopper mouse (Onychomys leucogaster), a predatory rodent

Northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster) are among the most highly carnivorous rodents in North America. Because predatory mammals may have specialization of senses used to detect prey, we investigated the organization of sensory areas within grasshopper mouse neocortex and quantified the number of myelinated axons in grasshopper mouse trigeminal, cochlear, and optic nerves. Multiunit electrophysiological recordings combined with analysis of flattened sections of neocortex processed for cytochrome oxidase were used to determine the topography of primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and the location and size of both the visual and auditory cortex in adult animals. These findings were then related to the distinctive chemoarchitecture of layer IV visible in flattened cortical sections of juvenile grasshopper mice labeled with the serotonin transporter (SERT) antibody, revealing a striking correspondence between electrophysiological maps and cortical anatomy.
Electrophysiologic Manifestations of Mitochondrial Crisis

Background Mitochondrial disorders are unique genetic conditions characterized by abnormal energy metabolism resulting in inadequate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply, which in certain situations may result in mitochondrial crisis. Such crisis can manifest with life-threatening cardiac repolarization abnormalities, ventricular arrhythmias, and acute left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. In this case series, we assessed arrhythmia burden and effectiveness of biochemical therapies rather than antiarrhythmics in the treatment of rhythm disturbances during crisis. Methods Patients with mitochondrial disorder who developed crisis were identified from the University of Texas Health Science Center Mitochondrial Disorder Database. The cardiac and electrophysiologic characteristics of these crises were analyzed. Results Seven of 162 patients (4%) were identified as having mitochondrial crisis. Mean age was 11, with 3 females (43%) and 4 males (57%). Fifty-seven percent (4/7) had structural heart disease, including left ventricular (LV) noncompaction and septal defects. Additional findings include dysautonomy (28% [2/ 7]), preexcitation syndrome (14% [1/7]), and preexisting long QT with mean QTc of 479ms (43% [3/7]). Two patients (28%) had acute development of severe LV systolic dysfunction, profound repolarization abnormalities on ECG (max QTc 640 ms), and ventricular arrhythmias. These patients had complete recovery of LV function and resolution of arrhythmia burden with biochemical therapies, including arginine and carnitine, without anti-arrhythmic therapy. Five patients (71%) died during their crisis. Conclusions Although the incidence of crisis in patients with mitochondrial disorders is low, these patients have high mortality. This case series illustrates the complexity of mitochondrial dysfunction and its association with acute LV dysfunction, arrhythmias, and death. These patients may have preexisting ion channelopathies or substrate for cardiac arrhythmias and hence are vulnerable to lethal arrhythmias during crisis. Further exploration into the electrophysiologic properties of mitochondrial disorders may help elucidate the exact mechanism of arrhythmias and may perhaps improve treatment strategies.
Salience of initial attitude, magnitude of incentive, and attitude change in a forced compliance paradigm.

To examine the application of interpersonal simulation findings to cognitive dissonance and incentive theories of attitude change in the forced compliance paradigm, 60 Ss were paid 50 cents or $2.50 to write counterattitudinal essays with salient or nonsalient initial attitudes. Findings showed that the larger incentive yielded greater change for salient pretest attitudes but that the smaller incentive led to more change of nonsalient pretest attitudes. Measures of error in attitude recall and a correlational analysis between pretest, posttest, and recalled attitudes were also consistent with Bem’s (1967) hypothesis of isomorphism between the attributions of Ss and observers. It is proposed that remaining simulation data reported in the cognitive dissonance/self-perception controversy may identify additional parameters of attitude changes in forced compliance experiments.
Human visual system-based image fusion for surveillance applications

Image fusion algorithms combine images obtained using different sensors into a single image to provide contextual enhancement of the scene being observed. The fusion of images obtained using infrared (IR) and visible light (VL) cameras are particularly appealing for security applications such as surveillance and concealed weapon detection. In this paper, a new image fusion algorithm is proposed, which considers both the luminance masking feature of the human visual system (HVS) and the nature of the pertinent information in IR images in the context of surveillance applications. Experimental results illustrate the improved performance of the proposed algorithm by both qualitative and quantitative means.
Entrainer effect in supercritical mixtures

Abstract The objective of this paper is to propose a predictive method for the estimation of the change in the solubility of a solid in a supercritical solvent when another solute (entrainer) or a cosolvent is added to the system. To achieve this goal, the solubility equations were coupled with the Kirkwood–Buff (KB) theory of dilute ternary solutions. In this manner, the solubility of a solid in a supercritical fluid (SCF) in the presence of an entrainer or a cosolvent could be expressed in terms of only binary data. The obtained predictive method was applied to six ternary SCF–solute–cosolute and two SCF–solute–cosolvent systems. In the former case, the agreement with experiment was very good, whereas in the latter, the agreement was only satisfactory, because the data were not for the very dilute systems for which the present approach is valid.
Detection of Deception: Polygraph and Integrity Tests

The recent Ames spy case, in which a high-level CIA official is accused of spying for the Soviet Union, and then Russia, for more than 10 years, highlights the societal importance of detecting deception. Aldrich Ames, it is reported, passed at least two polygraph tests, administered to detect treasonous behaviors, during the time he was allegedly selling U.S. secrets. The importance of research to improve our ability to detect deception in national security cases can hardly be exaggerated. Honesty testing in business and industry is a more common, and equally important, application of research on detection of deception. Employees who steal goods, embezzle funds, and manipulate records cost the economy billions of dollars a year. Employers want effective means to detect fraud in employees and potential employees. But such means must not discriminate unjustly against honest citizens nor infringe on employees' or prospective employees' civil rights. How efficacious and fair are the polygraph and other means of honesty testing? In this section, four leading psychological scientists evaluate research evidence on the detection of deception by polygraph, paper-and-pencil tests, and nonverbal cues. These authors do not agree in all their assessments of the research evidence and on appropriate applications in government and business. The Controversies section of Current Directions is, therefore, an appropriate forum for the discussion of these important scientific and practical issues.
Synthesis of sterically hindered 1-arylpyrrolidines and 1-arylpiperidines by condensation of primary aromatic amines with cyclic ethers or diols

Abstract A variety of 1-( o -alkylphenyl)- and 1-( o - o '-dialkylphenyl)- pyrrolidines and -piperidines were prepared by the gas phase alumina mediated condensation of tetrahydrofuran (THF), tetrahydropyran (THP) or the corresponding diols with primary aromatic amines in fair to high yield. This methodology can also be used for the synthesis of 1-phenylhexahydroazepine from aniline. A mechanistic interpretation of the catalytic action of alumina is presented.
Male-female associations in the domestic guinea pig.

Male courtship of nonreceptive females and male-male agonistic encounters were monitored daily for eight heterosexual groups of guinea pigs. Typically, one male (the associating male) accounted for much more courtship of a given female during her pregnancy than did any of the other males. Associating males were high ranking animals but were not always the group’s normal alpha male. Nonalpha associating males invariably ranked higher on the day of the female’s litter and postpartum estrus than their modal daily rank during her pregnancy. In 10 of the 18 cases, a nonalpha associating male took over the alpha position on the day of the litter. The courtship of females by associating males was found to differ from that by nonassociating males in that associating males displayed circling, rumping, swaying, and pursuit in a significantly higher percentage of the total number of courtship bouts.
A novel wide-band slot antenna for ground penetrating radar

In this paper, a novel slot antenna is designed for ground penetrating radars (GPRs). The novel antenna consists of an array of cavity backed slot elements. Compared to microstrip patches, slot antennas have a few attractive advantages, such as ease in achieving relatively larger fractional bandwidth, minimal mutual coupling between array elements, less sensitivity to substrate truncation, and higher power tolerance (Hirokawa et al., 1989; Zheng et al., 2005). When applied to GPRs, the cavity backed slot array is placed conformal to, and in contact with the ground surface. The antenna elements are designed impedance matched to the ground. As a result, direct reflection from the ground surface, which constitutes the major source of clutter in GPRs (Rappaport et al., 2003), is avoided. Moreover, the slot array in this paper operates over a wide frequency band; hence it can be used for ultra-wide-band GPRs. The antenna elements are analyzed using full wave solvers. A two-element array is fabricated and tested over sand. Simulated and measured data agree closely with one another. Input impedance bandwidth of 35% is observed from measurements. Bistatic, step-frequency measurements are carried out to detect copper pipes buried in sand. Locations of the buried pipes are identified from bi-static scattering results, with signal-to-clutter ratio greater than 10 dB after subtraction of direct coupling between antenna elements, which demonstrates the viability of the proposed antenna to GPRs.
The receptors for gibbon ape leukemia virus and amphotropic murine leukemia virus are not downregulated in productively infected cells

Over the last several decades it has been noted, using a variety of different methods, that cells infected by a specific gammaretrovirus are resistant to infection by other retroviruses that employ the same receptor; a phenomenon termed receptor interference. Receptor masking is thought to provide an earlier means of blocking superinfection, whereas receptor down regulation is generally considered to occur in chronically infected cells. We used replication-competent GFP-expressing viruses containing either an amphotropic murine leukemia virus (A-MLV) or the gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) envelope. We also constructed similar viruses containing fluorescence-labeled Gag proteins for the detection of viral particles. Using this repertoire of reagents together with a wide range of antibodies, we were able to determine the presence and availability of viral receptors, and detect viral envelope proteins and particles presence on the cell surface of chronically infected cells. A-MLV or GALV receptors remain on the surface of chronically infected cells and are detectable by respective antibodies, indicating that these receptors are not downregulated in these infected cells as previously proposed. We were also able to detect viral envelope proteins on the infected cell surface and infected cells are unable to bind soluble A-MLV or GALV envelopes indicating that receptor binding sites are masked by endogenously expressed A-MLV or GALV viral envelope. However, receptor masking does not completely prevent A-MLV or GALV superinfection.
Normal and Abnormal Development of the Cerebellum and Brainstem as Depicted by Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an advanced MRI technique that measures the microscopic molecular motion of water to gain information about the brain structure. This modality and its application to fiber tractography have been increasingly used in the last years to study the neuroanatomical background of brain malformations. This article aims to give an overview of the application of DTI and fiber tractography on pediatric posterior fossa including malformations, acquired disorders affecting the white matter, and posterior fossa involvement in phacomatoses. For every disorder, we show the additional information that DTI and fiber tractography are providing compared to conventional MR sequences and discuss their significance. Additionally, we show at the beginning normal DTI and fiber tractography findings of the pediatric posterior fossa. Finally, we briefly discuss potential future uses for DTI and fiber tractography to further understand the pathogenesis of posterior fossa malformations and the neuronal plasticity and connectivity of acquired lesions affecting the posterior fossa.
Plane Cascade Solution with Injection

RESENT analytical methods for the estimation of the aerodynamic performance of film-cooled turbine blades, e.g. Refs. 1-3, require that the pressure distributions be obtained by experimental or computational analysis of flow over the uncooled turbine blade profile. This uncooled turbine blade pressure distribution is assumed to be unaffected by coolant flow and is used for all performance calculations regardless of the amount or location of coolant flow injection. A study was made to determine if these aerodynamic performance prediction methods could be improved by including the interaction effects of the coolant flow on primary flow blade surface pressure distributions. A brief description of the technique used in calculating the cooled turbine blade pressure distributions and the result of using these pressure distributions with existing performance analysis will be given in this Note. Analysis A means of calculating the coolant flow disturbed blade pressure distribution was developed for use with cooled turbine blade aerodynamic performance analysis. A twodimensional flow calculation using spanwise averaging of coolant injection flow characteristics was used in calculating the cooled turbine blade pressure distributions, since the performance analyses are two-dimensional and use a similar spanwise averaging of coolant flow properties. From the many existing methods for calculating two-dimensional, inviscid subsonic flow through a cascade, the distributed
Liquid Compounds for CVD of Alkaline Earth Metals

The first room-temperature liquid compounds useful for the CVD of alkaline earth metalcontaining oxides were prepared by reacting metal (Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) beta-diketonates with novel polyamine ligands. The compounds are monomeric and can be completely flash-vaporized without leaving any non-volatile residue detectable at the parts-per-million level. A stable, solvent-free liquid mixture was formed by mixing new liquid barium, strontium and titanium compounds. CVD experiments using direct liquid injection of this liquid mixture deposited films of barium strontium titanate. This approach should also be applicable to the deposition of many other multicomponent oxides containing alkaline earth metals: ferroelectrics (strontium bismuth tantalate), metallic conductors (strontium vanadium oxide, lanthanum strontium cobalt oxide), phosphors (calcium tungstate), non-linear optical materials (beta-barium borate), magnetic oxides (barium ferrite), colossal magnetoresistive materials (lanthanum strontium manganese oxide), high Tc superconductors (yttrium barium copper oxide, bismuth calcium strontium copper oxide) and microwave dielectrics (barium magnesium tantalate).
Optimal scheduling in frequency-agile wireless networks

We consider the problem of spectrum-based minimum-length scheduling of point-to-point links in a spatial TDMA (STDMA) wireless network where each node is equipped with a frequency agile radio capable of configuring the bandwidth on a per-slot basis. The problem formulation integrates the activation of multiple sets of links in the network, in a hybrid fashion (both time and frequency domain), while taking into account the Signal-to-Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) at each receiver. We assume uniform (fixed) transmission power at all nodes and propose an algorithm based on a column generation approach, which allocates a common spectrum band for links that satisfy the SINR constraints at the receivers, and different spectrum bands for interfering links, in order to generate a link schedule that minimizes the schedule length. For the formulated problem, we show that this column generation based approach can converge to a globally optimal solution.
Bacteriophage Phi29 Negatively Twists DNA During Packaging

Bacteriophage phi29 employs a homomeric ring of RecA-like ATPases in order to package its dsDNA genome into the capsid at near-crystalline density. Previous single-molecule measurements of packaging have revealed the coordination of motor subunits, the step size of the motor, and the sensitivity of the motor to substrate modifications, thereby suggesting structural and kinetic models for the mechanism of translocation.We directly observe that phi29 negatively supercoils DNA during packaging against applied force by monitoring rotation of a bead attached to the side of the substrate DNA in a laser tweezers. Simultaneously, torque generation and response to applied torque are measured. In this way, we probe the details of force and torque generation by the packaging motor. Combining these measurements with angstrom-scale laser tweezers observations of motor stepping suggests specific geometric models for the interaction of the motor and DNA during translocation.The magnetic rotor bead technique introduced here allows simple application of torque and straightforward measurement of twist in a laser tweezers apparatus at arbitrary forces. We propose that this method can be applied with ease to a number of existing single-molecule experiments.
Trance and visibility at dawn: racial dynamics in Goa’s rave scene

The geography of music has recently turned to questions of embodiment and materiality to account for the sensuous specificity of music. Extending this work, this article emphasizes the constitutive work that embodied experience of music and space does for social differences such as race and gender. It criticizes what is perceived as a limited conception of embodiment in non-representational theory. Using ethnographic evidence from the rave tourism scene in Goa, India, it is argued that precisely during the scene's most mystical and hedonistic moments (what will be called the ‘morning phase’), racial dynamics are at their starkest. It is crucial to understand that racial difference is emergent and not automatic. The article then suggests a Deleuzian musicology which conceives music not as form, language or ideology, but as force. Accounting for the richness of musical materiality involves examining the networks of power and inequality through which it necessarily operates.
POLICIES AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR A SUSTAINABLE USE OF WATER IN MEXICO: A SCENARIO ANALYSIS

Water stress in Mexico is intimately linked to agriculture, as irrigation claims 75% of national water withdrawals. The Mexican mix of irrigation technologies is dominated by flood techniques, utilized on 93% of irrigated land, while drip and sprinkler systems, both with higher application efficiencies, are utilized on only 7% of irrigated land. This paper examines the extent to which government policies can induce the adoption of alternative irrigation technologies to promote a sustainable pattern of water withdrawals. The framework is an inter-regional input–output model formulated as a linear program that solves for cost-minimizing allocations of output that are constrained by regional factor availability. The model features endogenous choice among alternative agricultural technologies and determines commodity prices based on factor costs and on scarcity rents for limiting factors of production. The study defines and quantifies sustainable endowments of water at the regional level and analyzes scenario...
Effects of methamphetamine on the noradrenergic activity biomarker salivary alpha-amylase

a b s t r a c t Background: Methamphetamine (METH) potently activates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) by increasing central and peripheral norepinephrine (NE). Salivary -amylase (sAA) is a biomarker of SNS activation that correlates with plasma NE levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of METH on sAA activity and whether changes in sAA activity were correlated with subjective effects ratings. Methods: Non-treatment seeking METH-dependent volunteers (N = 8) participated in this within-subjects laboratory-based study. Volunteers received randomly administered intravenous METH (0 mg, 30 mg) and sAA activity, cardiovascular measures and subjective ratings were assessed at baseline (−15 min) and five post-METH time points (10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 min). Results: METH (30 mg) increased sAA activity over time. sAA activity significantly correlated with diastolic blood pressure following 0 mg METH and systolic blood pressure following 30 mg METH. Subjective ratings (ANY EFFECT, HIGH, GOOD, STIMULATED, LIKE, WLLING TO PAY) highly correlated with sAA over five post-METH time points (N = 40; r’s = 0.543–0.684, p’s < 0.001). Age, body mass index and METH amount received on a mg/kg basis were significantly associated with sAA activity. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated sAA activity remained a significant predictor of subjective ratings following METH after controlling for these factors. Conclusions: The NE peripheral biomarker sAA activity is associated with METH’s subjective effects. © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
A comparison between theory and experiments on non-linear three-wave interactions in plasmas

Quantitative comparisons between theory and experiments on non-linear three-wave interactions in a nearly homogeneous plasma are presented in this paper. First, the theoretical spatial behaviour of signal and idler waves excited by a large amplitude pump wave is predicted, with damping of all waves included. These results are then specialized to allow detailed quantitative comparisons to be made with available experimental data on parametrically excited ion-acoustic waves. Where good agreement is obtained, the comparison indicates further measurements required to verify more completely the basic theory of three-wave interactions in plasmas. Where wide disagreement is obtained, the comparison indicates possible directions in which the theory might be improved.