cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Safe anesthetic management of patients undergoing a novel method of treating human hepatocellular cancer

Abstract Study Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of monitored anesthesia care (MAC) in patients who undergo a novel treatment for hepatocellular cancer in which procedure-related hemodynamic instability is problematic. Design: Nonrandomized open study. Setting: University cancer center operating room. Patients: Nine patients scheduled for hepatic arterial infusion of doxorubicin with complete hepatic venous isolation and extracorporeal chemofiltration (no more than 3 procedures per patient). Interventions: Hepatic venous isolation was achieved with a dual-balloon inferior vena cava catheter connected to an extracorporeal circuit containing chemofilters. Doxorubicin was infused through the hepatic artery and filtered from the venous blood, which was returned to the patient through an internal jugular venous catheter. Each patient received a bolus of propofol (200 μg/kg) and one of alfentanil (2 μg/kg) followed by simultaneous infusions of propofol and alfentanil for percutaneous placement of the catheters and operation of the extracorporeal circuit. Drug rates were varied to maintain a sedative-analgesic state of calm, comfort, minimal movement, and adequate respiratory function. Prior to circuit initiation, patients were preloaded with crystalloid. During circuit operation, hypotension was treated with intravenous (IV) phenylephrine and crystalloid. Measurements and Main Results: End-tidal CO 2 (P ET CO 2 ), respiratory rate, oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ), arterial blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) were monitored. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure (MAP), and HR were compared before, during, and after hepatic venous isolation and chemofiltration. Doses and infusion rates of propofol, alfentanil, and phenylephrine were recorded for each treatment. Hypotension occurred in 11 of 13 procedures when blood was directed through the chemofilters and was successfully treated with phenylephrine (dose range 40 to 5,733 μg) and crystalloid. Blood pressure returned to the baseline value on termination of the circuit. Throughout the sedation, patients were easily arousable, analgesia was adequate, and P ET CO 2 level of 38 ± 4 mmHg and SaO 2 greater than 94 % were maintained. Mean doses and infusion rates of MAC drugs were, respectively: propofol, 261 ± 88 mg and 23.7 ± 3.6 μg/kg/min; alfentanil, 3,350 ± 1,468 μg and 0.32 ± 0.14 μg/kg/min. Conclusions: Patients undergoing this novel cancer treatment are safely and effectively managed by MAC achieved with simultaneous infusions of alfentanil and propofol. Procedure-associated hypotension is easily treated with IV phenylephrine and crystalloid.
Plasmaphere and plasmapause region characteristics as measured by DE-1

Thermal ion composition measurements by the retarding ion mass spectrometer (RIMS) on the Dynamics Explorer-1 have revealed new and intriguing features of the thermal ion distributions in the plasmasphere and plasmapause regions. Some of the interesting new findings include: the presence of intense fluxes of heated and equatorially-trapped light ions within the plasmapause region; the existence of a heavy ion 'torus' or 'shell' in the outer plasmasphere; and the relatively stable nature of the He(+)/(H+) concentration ratio within the plasmasphere. The relatively short orbital period of DE-1 has also allowed improved observations on the formation of the new outer plasmasphere during the recovery of geomagnetic storms. Statistical studies of the plasmaspheric density structure and boundaries are beginning to reveal a picture of their relation to other magnetospheric boundaries, such as the inner edge of the electron plasma sheet, and trends in the internal density structure of the plasmasphere.
Computer applications in manufacturing

Computers entered manufacturing in the 1950s as commercial processors to handle conventional tasks, and as technical processors to support early design analysis, factory scheduling, and a new technology called numeri­ cally controlled (NC) machining. Computer use has proliferated to such an extent that few contemporary factories could operate in any way, much less operate efficiently, if stripped of their computers; yet we are just beginning to understand how to use computers effectively in manufac­ turing. The central problems lie in the sheer complexity of manufacturing, and in the fact that manufacturing is still based largely on centuries of "experience" rather than explicit formal principles. The advent of machine computation triggered a wave of model-building and theorizing whose goal is a "science base" that will enable manufacturing to be controlled systematically and automated eventually. Why is manufacturing being "computerized"? It is not primarily to
No evidence of temperature-dependent sex determination or sex-biased embryo mortality in the chicken

Skewing the sex ratio at hatch in com- mercial poultry would be economically beneficial to the poultry industry. The existence of temperature-depen- dent sex determination is uncertain in birds. This ex- periment investigated if incubation temperatures skew sex ratios of commercial broilers. Three incubators were each set at a hot (38.3°C), standard (37.5°C), or cool (36.7°C) single-stage incubation temperature one time over 3 trials to eliminate incubator effect as a Latin square design. Sex ratios of hatched chicks and dead embryos were monitored. In one trial, embryo weights were evaluated. The percentages of male hatched chicks did not differ based on incubation temperature (P = 0.4486; 49.5% in the hot treatment, 51.4% at standard temperature, and 49.8% in the cool treatment). The percent hatch of eggs set was lower in the hot treatment (83.6%) than the standard (93.5%) and cool (91.6%) treatments (P < 0.0001) with greater late embryonic mortality in the hot treatment (P < 0.0001); however, the sex ratio of dead embryos did not differ among treatments (P = 0.9863). Pooled data of embryo mor- tality found no sex-biased embryo mortality with a fe- male/male sex ratio of 1.22:1 (χ 2 = 1.27; P = 0.2596). Embryos from the hot treatment were heavier than those from the standard treatment by d 14 of incuba- tion and were heavier than the embryos from the cool treatment by d 9 of incubation (P < 0.0001). These data indicate that incubation temperature affects em- bryonic mortality and embryonic growth rate, but it does not affect the sex ratio of broiler chickens. Addi- tionally, no evidence was found for sex-biased embryo mortality in commercial broilers even at the incubation temperatures of this study.
Buellia sharpiana (Physciaceae, Lichenized Ascomycetes), Another New Species from the Great Smoky Mountains of Eastern North America

ABSTRACT Buellia sharpiana is described as new to science based on material from a single locality at the summit of Mt. LeConte in Great Smoky Mountains National Park in the southern Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America. The species is characterized by its ascospore size, thallus morphology, medullary I reaction, and the production of xanthones. Comparison is made to two morphologically similar species, B. ocellata (Florke ex Flot.) Korb. and B. jugorum (Arnold) Arnold.
Heart rate variability and susceptibility for sudden cardiac death: an example of multivariable optimal discriminant analysis

The statistical classification problem motivates the search for an analytical procedure capable of classifying observations accurately into one of two or more groups on the basis of information with respect to one or more attributes, and constitutes a fundamental challenge for all scientific disciplines. Although there are many classification methodologies, only optimal discriminant analysis (ODA) explicitly guarantees that the discriminant classifier will maximize classification accuracy in the training sample. This paper presents the first example of multivariable ODA (MultiODA) in medicine, for an application in which we employ three attributes (age and two measures of heart rate variability) to predict susceptibility to sudden cardiac death for a sample of 45 patients. MultiODA outperformed logistic regression analysis on every classification performance index (overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values). In fact, the worst performance result achieved by MultiODA (in total sample or leave-one-out validity analysis) exceeded the best performance achieved by logistic regression analysis. We conclude that ODA offers promise as a methodology capable of improving the classification performance achieved by medical researchers, and that clearly merits investigation in future research.
A repetitive, one microsecond, thirty five kilojoule, two hundred kilovolt pulse generator

An effort was made to produce a compact, lightweight, high-energy modulator. The device was to power various low-impedance loads including up to 25 vacuum diodes in parallel. Desired characteristics were a 1 mu s rectangular pulse of 200 kV amplitude into 1 to 2.5 Omega loads. Pulse repetition rates from single shot to 10 pulses per second (PPS) were required. A modular design was used in which two 17.5 kJ, type 'C' pulse forming networks (PFNs) were stacked and their outputs added in series to meet the pulse requirements. The design and construction of each module and the interconnecting circuitry are presented. Problem areas in the pulser development included low inductance design; spark gap switch stability; efficiency, and simultaneity; and fast (100 ms) charging of the high-energy PFN for 10-PPS operation. >
Dislodging the Center/Complicating the Dialectic: What Gender and Race Have Done to the Study of Labor

Scholars of race and gender have borrowed heavily from the analysis of class in formulating strategies to analyze the operation of social stratification. In the process, the analysis of class itself, along with the definition of what counts as work and who counts as a worker, have been radically revised. A more powerful analytical tool has emerged, offering possibilities and flexibilities as well as a better understanding of the interdependence of multiple and mutually supporting processes of social stratification.
Abrogation of β-Catenin Signaling in Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Reduces Glial Scarring and Promotes Axon Regeneration after CNS Injury

When the brain or spinal cord is injured, glial cells in the damaged area undergo complex morphological and physiological changes resulting in the formation of the glial scar. This scar contains reactive astrocytes, activated microglia, macrophages and other myeloid cells, meningeal cells, proliferating oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), and a dense extracellular matrix. Whether the scar is beneficial or detrimental to recovery remains controversial. In the acute phase of recovery, scar-forming astrocytes limit the invasion of leukocytes and macrophages, but in the subacute and chronic phases of injury the glial scar is a physical and biochemical barrier to axonal regrowth. The signals that initiate the formation of the glial scar are unknown. Both canonical and noncanonical signaling Wnts are increased after spinal cord injury (SCI). Because Wnts are important regulators of OPC and oligodendrocyte development, we examined the role of canonical Wnt signaling in the glial reactions to CNS injury. In adult female mice carrying an OPC-specific conditionally deleted β-catenin gene, there is reduced proliferation of OPCs after SCI, reduced accumulation of activated microglia/macrophages, and reduced astrocyte hypertrophy. Using an infraorbital optic nerve crush injury, we show that reducing β-catenin-dependent signaling in OPCs creates an environment that is permissive to axonal regeneration. Viral-induced expression of Wnt3a in the normal adult mouse spinal cord induces an injury-like response in glia. Thus canonical Wnt signaling is both necessary and sufficient to induce injury responses among glial cells. These data suggest that targeting Wnt expression after SCI may have therapeutic potential in promoting axon regeneration.
Growth and Characterization of 1D Bi2Te3 Nanowires

Bulk bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) is one of the best known thermoelectric materials with a figure of merit ZT ∼1 at room temperature. Theoretical studies have suggested that low-dimensional materials may exhibit ZT values that exceed 1. In this study, we used the pulsed laser vaporization (PLV) method to prepare Bi2Te3 nanowires on silicon and quartz substrates by ablating Bi2Te3 targets in an inert atmosphere. Nano-sized gold or iron catalyst particles were used to seed the growth of the Bi2Te3 nanowires. Results from electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy are discussed.
Ontological tensions in sixteenth and seventeenth century chemistry: between mechanism and vitalism

The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries marks a period of transition between the vitalistic ontology that had dominated Renaissance natural philosophy and the Early Modern mechanistic paradigm endorsed by, among others, the Cartesians and Newtonians. This paper will focus on how the tensions between vitalism and mechanism played themselves out in the context of sixteenth and seventeenth century chemistry and chemical philosophy, particularly in the works of Paracelsus, Jan Baptista Van Helmont, Robert Fludd, and Robert Boyle. Rather than argue that these natural philosophers each embraced either fully vitalistic or fully mechanistic ontologies, I hope to demonstrate that these thinkers adhered to complicated and nuanced ontologies that cannot be described in either purely vitalistic or purely mechanistic terms. A central feature of my argument is the claim that a corpuscularian theory of matter does not entail a strictly mechanistic and reductionistic account of chemical properties. I also argue that what marks the shift from pre-modern vitalistic chemical philosophy to the modern chemical philosophy that marked the Chemical Revolution is not the victory of mechanism and reductionism in chemistry but, rather, the shift to a physicalistic and naturalistic account of chemical properties and vital spirits.
Revisiting the Feminine Mystique

Bakalian, Anny, and Mehdi Bozorgmehr. 2011. “Middle Eastern and Muslim American Studies Since 9/11.” Sociological Forum 26: 3: 714–728. Bellah, Robert, Richard Madsen, William Sullivan, Ann Swidler, and Steven Tipton. 1985. Habits of the Heart: Middle America Observed. London: Hutchinson. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1984. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. Trans. Richard Nice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Cesari, Jocelyne. 2009. “Islam in the West: From Immigration to Global Islam.” Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review 8: 148–175. Disha, Ilir, James C. Cavendish, and Ryan D. King. 2011. “Historical Events and Spaces of Hate: Hate Crimes Against Arabs and Muslims in Post 9/11 America.” Social Problems 58: 1: 21–46. Foucault, Michel. 1977. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Trans. Alan Sheridan. London: Penguin. Gurbuz, Mustafa. 2009. “Over the Bodies of the T-Girls: The Headscarf Ban as a Secular Effort to Monopolize Islam in Turkey.” Middle East Critique 18: 3: 231–249. Gurbuz, Mustafa and Mary Bernstein. 2012. “‘Thou Shall Not Protest!’: Multi-Institutional Politics, Strategic Non-Confrontation and Islamic Mobilizations in Turkey.” Research in Social Movements, Conflict, and Change 34: 63–91. Gurbuz, Mustafa and Gulsum Gurbuz-Kucuksari. 2009. “Between Sacred Codes and Secular Consumer Society: The Practice of Headscarf Adoption Among American College Girls.” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 29: 3: 387–399. Norton, Anne. 2013. On the Muslim Question. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Nussbaum, Martha C. 2012. The New Religious Intolerance: Overcoming the Politics of Fear in an Anxious Age. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Pew Research Center. 2011. The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. Salem, Jackleen M. 2013. “Citizenship and Religious Expression in the West: A Comparative Analysis of Experiences of Muslims in France, Germany, and the USA.” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 33: 1: 77–92. Williams, Rhys. 2011. “Creating an American Islam: Thoughts on Religion, Identity, and Place.” Sociology of Religion 72: 2: 127–153.
Cross Metathesis Allowing the Conversion of a Ruthenium Indenylidene Complex into Grubbs’ Catalyst.

The active metathesis catalyst (PCy3)(2)Cl2Ru(3-phenylinden-1-ylidene) (4) was obtained in high yield using a simple one-pot procedure. The initial reaction of RuCl2(PPh3)(3) with 1,1-diphenyl-2-propyn-1-ol gave (PPh3)(2)Cl2Ru(3-phenylinden-1-ylidene) (6). In situ exchange of PPh3 with PCy3 led to the isolation of 4 in>90% yield. Whereas complex 6 did not show any activity in the cross metathesis reaction with styrene, reaction of compound 4 with excess styrene gave Grubbs' catalyst, (PCy3)(2) Cl2Ru=C(H)Ph (1), dichloro(phenylmethylene)bis(tricyclohexylphosphane)ruthenium(II), in nearly quantitative yield. This two-step procedure yielded complex 1 in 88% overall yield starting from inexpensive and commercially available materials. The widely used metathesis catalyst I was also obtained in good yield in one single step, that is, without isolation of compound 4, making this a simple and safe synthetic route to Grubbs' catalyst.
Hybrid Vectors Based on Adeno-Associated Virus Serotypes 2 and 5 for Muscle-Directed Gene Transfer

Vectors based on hybrids consisting of adeno-associated virus types 2 (ITRs and Rep) and 5 (Cap) were evaluated for muscle-directed gene transfer (called AAV2/5). Evaluation in immune-competent mice revealed greater transduction efficacy with AAV2/5 than with AAV2 and no cross-neutralization between AAV2/5 and AAV2. Interestingly, we saw no immunologic evidence of previous exposure to AAV5 capsids in a large population of healthy human subjects.
Histoplasma capsulatum and Caenorhabditis elegans: a simple nematode model for an innate immune response to fungal infection

Histoplasma capsulatum is a primary fungal pathogen of mammals responsible for histoplasmosis. During pathogenesis H. capsulatum yeast proliferate in phagosomes of macrophages. This extensive host/pathogen interaction involves a complex cascade of responses in both organisms. In the mammalian host, infection results in complex branched immunity that is initiated with an innate response and later induces an adaptive response but each response is difficult to resolve during fungal infection. Therefore, in an effort to identify less complex systems and to gain understanding of the host innate response to H. capsulatum, we constructed a mini-host survival assay. With this assay, we found ingestion of virulent Histoplasma capsulatum NAm 1 strain yeasts to be lethal to a Bristol-N2 Caenorhabditis elegans host. The virulent H. capsulatum NAm1 strain shows differential lethality under live/heat-killed infective conditions. Specifically, after ingestion of live yeast lethality is > or = 90% within 48 to 72 h, whereas worms ingesting heat-killed yeast reach equivalent mortality only after 10-14 days. On the other hand, ingestion of live H. capsulatum yeast of the nonvirulent NAm 1 (ura(-)) strain is no more lethal to the nematode than heat-killed yeast. Therefore, C. elegans provides an attractive model for further investigations of the ancient innate immune response during early host/pathogen (H. capsulatum/worm) interaction and pathogenesis.
Aspects of entrepreneurial success

Purpose – Guidance from successful individuals can be valuable to prospective and nascent entrepreneurs, as well as writers and instructors in the field. This paper seeks to confirm contemporary entrepreneurship concepts, examine current perceptions, and expand the knowledge base by exploring established entrepreneurship perceptions through first‐hand accounts of successful small business owners.Design/methodology/approach – This qualitative research study summarizes and analyzes interviews with 149 established entrepreneurs and small business owners regarding their perceptions on the advantages and disadvantages of their endeavors, and on providing advice to prospective new venture creators.Findings – The research revealed that entrepreneurs enjoy the independence, freedom, job satisfaction, and money, but believe the long hours, stress, responsibility, risk, and lack of company benefits are drawbacks of entrepreneurial activity. The findings largely support previous research in the field, while clarifyi...
The Evolution of Type I Reaction Centers: The Response to Oxygenic Photosynthesis

Recent advances in the understanding of homodimeric Type I reaction centers in contemporary anaerobic phototrophs are used to advance a scenario in the evolution of Photosystem I. The transition from anaerobic to aerobic photosynthesis 2.7 billion years ago was accompanied by profound changes on the acceptor side of the ancestral Type I reaction center. At the advent of oxygen evolution, the mobile bacterial dicluster ferredoxin, which initially served to transfer electrons from the FX cluster to target redox proteins, became highly vulnerable to oxidative denaturation. In response, an exceedingly tight binding interface developed between the bacterial dicluster ferredoxin and the Type I reaction center core, thereby making it possible for the FA and FB iron-sulfur clusters to survive in the presence of oxygen. The need for an alternative, mobile electron carrier led to the evolution of an oxygen-insensitive [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin. The recruitment of a PsaD-like protein to generate a binding site for ferredoxin, by necessity, broke the perfect C2-symmetry of the homodimeric reaction center and provided the selective pressure that led to its differentiation into separate PsaA and PsaB polypeptides. The Photosystem I reaction center nevertheless retained a high degree of C2-symmetry surrounding the FX cluster, resulting in a new problem of how to dock the bacterial dicluster ferredoxin in one of the two possible orientations on the PsaA/PsaB heterodimer. Ultimately, all of the information required for preferential docking was coded in the amino acid sequence of the dicluster ferredoxin that became PsaC. The differentiation and inversion of the redox potentials of FA and FB ensured that the electron was preferentially transferred to the [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin in the supersaturated solution of the oxygen-evolving cell.
Geriatric falls: assessing the cause, preventing recurrence

Falling represents a common and dangerous problem for the elderly. As a result, fall prevention has become a focus of clinical attention. This article examines why older people fall, what factors place persons at risk for falling, and how to prevent falls.
Abstract 5135: Functional genomic shRNA screens reveal that the canonical Wnt pathway protects lung cancer cells from EGFR inhibition

Lung cancers are the leading cause of cancer deaths globally. In particular, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a devastating disease, and is rarely curable. Hyperactivation of mitogenic signaling cascades is a hallmark of cancer development, including for lung cancers. Targeted therapies inhibiting specific receptor tyrosine kinases have shown clinical promise, but rarely produce complete responses and are not curative, suggesting the existence of escape mechanisms promoting cell survival. Using a loss-of-function, whole genome shRNA screen, we identified various components and mediators of the canonical Wnt pathway that contribute to the maintenance of NSCLC cells during inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Modulation of tankyrases, casein kinases and different components of the Wnt pathway with shRNAs or small molecules, in vitro and in vivo, significantly increased the efficacy of EGFR inhibitors, thus revealing a critical role for the canonical Wnt pathway in maintaining lung cancer cells during EGFR inhibition. Targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway together with EGFR inhibition in the clinic could lead to more durable remissions for non-small cell lung cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5135. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5135
Thinking Big: Lessons Learned from a Landscape-Scale Approach to Coastal Habitat Conservation

ABSTRACTWhile historically many coastal habitat conservation activities have focused on single projects and “low-hanging fruit,” there is increasing interest in strategically addressing habitat challenges at landscape scales. Zooming out to identify large-scale conservation needs and areas of greatest impact can yield significant ecological and economic benefits, but requires a new way of thinking and working that can be challenging. Based on a session convened at the Restore America's Estuaries/The Coastal Society Summit in November 2014, this article explores the concept of landscape-scale conservation, describes how it aligns with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Habitat Blueprint initiative, and provides case studies of ongoing landscape-scale efforts in three coastal areas: the Cape Fear River in North Carolina; the Russian River Watershed Habitat Focus Area in California; and the West Hawai‘i Habitat Focus Area. These examples illustrate both the benefits and the challenges of tak...
Thinking about US "Special 301" and Its Countermeasures

The "special 301" is the typical unilateral trade measures adopted by the United States in the form of domestic law to deal with international trade disputes involving intellectual property rights,which has forced many countries to improve intellectual property protection standards and open up the domestic market.Since there is no sound system of international law restricting the country's unilateral measures,many countries,including China suffered.It even has become a "trump card" in international trade,which directly hindered the development of international trade.For a variety of political,economic and legal reasons,China has been the prior surveillance target of "special 301".In the year of 2008 "special 301"report,China was once again included in the watch list.Therefore China must face up to the "special 301",analyse its nature and content and build positive mechanisms to effectively safeguard national interests both from domestic and international level.
Analysis of the Comparative Advantage of Main Crops in Xinjiang—Based on Domestic Resource Cost Method

【Objective】In the background of opportunities brought by the significant strategic vision of "one belt and one road" and challenges posed by new normal,the role of agricultural development in Xinjiang is particularly important in promoting economic development and industrial structure adjustment. The agricultural products with advantages in Xinjiang have been defined through making analysis of comparative advantages and suggestions on agricultural development in Xinjiang have been put forward.【Method】The comparative advantages of the main crops in Xinjiang are measured by domestic resource cost method including Net Social Profitability,Domestic Resource Costs and Effective Rate of Protection( Normal Rate of Protection) considering the impact of cost changes and RMB revaluation.【Result】Vegetable and some economy plants have comparative advantage while crops have comparative disadvantage. Cost changes and RMB revaluation have little effect on the advantage level.【Conclusion】Xinjiang should develop products with comparative advantage like tomato,bell,and beets and so on as for the consideration of production costs.
Risk-based assessment of wood residential construction subjected to hurricane events considering indirect and environmental loss

AbstractWood residential construction is susceptible to natural hazards such as hurricanes, which was evident in recent hurricanes such as Hurricane Sandy. Traditional loss analysis typically considers direct loss and thus does not provide a comprehensive estimation of total loss that also includes indirect and environmental losses. This paper proposes a framework to evaluate direct, indirect, and environmental losses of wood residential construction subjected to hurricane events considering a changing climate. The framework contains hurricane simulations including stationary and non-stationary scenarios, time-dependent fragility for key components of building envelop, and loss analysis including direct, indirect, and environmental losses of wood residential construction subjected to hurricane events. It is found that the potential effects of climate change may have a significant impact on the structural vulnerability; indirect and environmental losses account for approximately half of the total losses. T...
Compiler optimizations for multithreaded multicore network processors

Network processors are new types of multithreaded multicore processors geared towards achieving both fast processing speed and flexibility of programming. The architecture of network processors considers many special properties for packet processing, including multiple threads, multiple processor cores on the same chip, special functional units, simplified ISA and simplified pipeline, etc. The architectural peculiarities of network processors raise new challenges for compiler design and optimization. Due to very high clocking speeds, the CPU memory gap on such processors is huge, making registers extremely precious. Moreover, the register file is split into two banks, and for any ALU instruction, the two source operands must come from different banks. We present and compare three different approaches to do register allocation and bank assignment. We also address the problem of sharing registers across threads in order to maximize the utilization of hardware resources. The context switches on the IXP network processor only happen when long latency operations are encountered. As a result, context switches are highly frequent. Therefore, the designer of the IXP network processor decided to make context switches extremely lightweight, i.e. only the program counter (PC) is stored together with the context. Since registers are not saved and restored during context switches, it becomes difficult to share registers across threads. For a conventional processor, each thread can assume that it can use the entire register file, because registers are always part of the context. However, with lightweight context switch, each thread must take a separate piece of the register file, making register usage inefficient. Programs executing on network processors typically have runtime constraints. Scheduling of multiple programs sharing a CPU must be orchestrated by the OS and the hardware using certain sharing policies. Real time applications demand a real time aware OS kernel to meet their specified deadlines. However, due to stringent performance requirements on network processors, neither OS nor hardware mechanisms is typically feasible. In this work, we demonstrate that a compiler approach could achieve some of the OS scheduling and real time scheduling functionalities without introducing a hefty overhead.
Effects of redundancy and modality on the situational interest of adult learners in multimedia learning

This study investigated the effects of two design principles as prescribed by the cognitive theory of multimedia learning on the situational interest of adult learners in a multimedia-based continuing education training program. One hundred and two adult learners employed by an emergency medical service were randomly assigned to one of three training groups designed to follow modality and redundancy design principles: animation-text, animation-narration, and animation-narration-text. A pretest was administered to participants in segments and presented to participants intermittently during the content in an attempt to reduce unintentional negative effects on interest, and a posttest was administered after participants submitted the self-reporting survey intended to measure situational interest in a multimedia-learning environment. An ANOVA was used to analyze the differences in situational interest between the groups, and independent t-tests were used to evaluate differences. The results of the study indicated that combinations of animation, narration, and text do influence the situational interest of learners. These results highlight the importance of carefully considering how to design multimedia environments for maximum impact on learners and specifically the implications of violating the redundancy design principle.
The Concept of Idealization

We are finite beings who, from our very beginnings, have been faced — both individually and collectively — with the task of understanding a mammothly complex world. This task is by its very nature incredibly daunting. This is simply because we are relatively resource poor beings in the sense that our cognitive abilities are limited — even when amplified by the use of various logical/mathematical techniques and material tools. But, despite these limitations, we are faced with the difficult task of making sense of the world in all of its multifarious manifestations. Moreover, in pursuit of this grand epistemic task we have discovered that the best means available to satisfy the aim of understanding our complex world is the application of the increasingly sophisticated methodological techniques and tools of the sciences to the problems that we encounter in our interactions with the various elements of our environment. Of course, there are all sorts of skeptics in the tradition of Plato and Socrates who do not accept that our industry in the sciences has really moved us any closer to the goal of understanding the intricacies of our world. But, our practical and theoretical achievements to date at least strongly suggest that as time has gone on and continues to pass, we have and are coming to possess deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the nature of reality. So, we at least seem to know more about what exists and how the objects that make up our world behave, and it seems reasonable to suppose that we may even have already discovered some of the fundamental principles that govern existence. Of course, the sciences have faced set-backs and gone down many a blind alley (that this is so cannot be reasonably be denied by anyone with even the most passing familiarity with the history of the sciences), but overall it is hard not to draw the conclusion that science is progressive by and large and that we are coming closer and closer to the goal of comprehending both the fundamental and more mundane aspects of the world around us. All of this however is based on the view that the purpose of the sciences is to comprehend the world and that the aim of science is to discover the fundamental principles that govern reality. This particular story then presupposes the view that the purpose of the sciences is to provide us with a comprehensible and accurate picture of reality (or at least of some part of reality) as it is in itself at its most fundamental level(s).
High-Resolution Time of Flight 3D Imaging at Short Wave Infrared Spectral Region

We demonstrate a ToF 3D imaging system with record modulation frequency exceeding 150 MHz at the short wave infrared (SWIR) spectral region for the first time. Article not available.
International Virtual Teams: An Exploratory Study of Team Dynamics

At the 2013 IIA International Conference, one keynote speaker discussed the expansion of virtual teams in the future audit environment and the anticipated increase in virtual collaboration among wo...
Extreme learning machine as a generalizable classification engine

Extreme learning machine is an emerging neural network architecture that offers fast learning and generalization for multiple tasks. In this work, a scalable digital architecture for multi-classifier extreme learning machine (MT-ELM) is proposed. The proposed architecture performs multiple classification tasks without reconfiguring the network. The design is validated with MNIST dataset and it is shown that the proposed model achieves an accuracy of 91.7% for classifying numbers in the MNIST dataset and an accuracy of 90.35% for categorizing number parity. The design is synthesized on a TSMC-65nm technology node and the power dissipation is 13.6 mW for MT-ELM network with 80 hidden neurons and 12 output neurons.
Massage Therapy: Intervention Frequency and Cost Survey (IFACS) Data with Policy Implications for Nonpharmacologic Treatment of Chronic Pain

Participants completing a week efficacy and dosing randomized clinical trial RCT of massage therapy for knee pain due to osteoarthritis OA were invited to complete the Intervention Frequency and Cost Survey IFACS a web based validated instrument for collecting actual and ideal willingness to pay and treatment frequency data from the patient rsquo s perspective Of those contacted n completed the survey response rate Although of respondants indicated they wanted to receive massage after study completion only actually did The primary barrier cited was cost Of those who wanted to receive more massage therapy if cost were not an issue the most commonly preferred treatment frequency was twice per month Eighty eight percent reported being willing to contribute or more toward the cost of a minute massage session and were willing to pay or more amounts consistent with the average insurance co pay Conclusion In patients with chronic pain due to knee OA most participants wanted to receive post study massage therapy twice a month and were willing to pay an out of pocket amount comparable to a standard co pay These results are timely in light of recent U S Joint Commission requirements for hospitals to provide non pharmacologic treatments for pain
Magnetic-thermal co-simulation of nonlinear magnetic materials at high frequencies

A coupled magnetic-thermal solver is developed for the modeling and simulation of nonlinear magnetic materials. By adopting a temperature-dependent dynamic hysteresis model, the magnetic loss is characterized and calculated from the solution of Maxwell's equations, which serves as the heat source in the thermal problem. By solving the thermal problem, the temperature shift is obtained and its effect on the magnetic material property can be quantified, which is then coupled back to Maxwell's equations. The resulting coupled magnetic-thermal system can be solved for both the electromagnetic fields and the temperature, and hence, account for both the electromagnetic and the thermal responses in a high-frequency operation.
Religiosity and Immigrant Family Narratives in Korean American Young Adults

In this chapter, we examine how Korean American young adults narrate and interpret immigrant family lives through the lens of religiosity. From a larger study using grounded theory approach to qualitative inquiry on Korean American young adults’ narratives about growing up in immigrant households, we selected the narratives of five Korean American students that reflect the centrality of Christian doctrine, faith, or community in the meaning-making process. We argue these young adults’ religiosity contributes to positive functioning by providing a religious narrative framework that promotes character strengths (e.g., forgiveness, gratitude, prudence), which the young adults employ to make meaning out of the past challenges in their immigrant families.
CAFFEINE ENHANCES MORPHINE DEPENDENCE IN HUMANS

Caffeine (10 mg/kg) enhanced naloxone (10 and 20 mg) precipitated withdrawal signs and symptoms in nonaddict volunteers given morphine (.14 or. 21 mg/kg) either 5 hours or 24 hours before the intravenous naloxone injection.
Examining the effectiveness of an intensive, 2-week treatment program for military personnel and veterans with PTSD: Results of a pilot, open-label, prospective cohort trial.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of cognitive processing therapy (CPT) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) when administered on a daily basis during a 2-week period of time. METHOD In an open-label, prospective cohort pilot trial, 20 U.S. military personnel and veterans diagnosed with PTSD or subthreshold PTSD participated in 12 daily sessions of CPT. Primary outcomes included Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 scores. Secondary outcomes included Patient Health Questionnaire-8 and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI) scores. Interviews and self-report scales were completed at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 6 months after the treatment. RESULTS Relative to baseline, PTSD symptom severity and rates of PTSD diagnosis were significantly reduced at posttreatment and 6-month follow-up. Depression symptom severity did not significantly improve, but suicide ideation significantly decreased at 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Daily administration of CPT is associated with significant reductions in PTSD and suicide ideation.
A genetic interpretation of variation in human growth patterns

This research concerns the application of a previously developed methodology to some intergenerational human data, yielding a genetic interpretation of variation in growth patterns.
Characterization of ethylene production in developing strawberry fruit

Ethylene production, ACC content, and ACC oxidase activity were determined in strawberry fruit harvested at different stages of development and in fruit harvested green and developed in vitro in solutions containing sucrose. In fruit harvested at progressive stages of development from green through full ripe, ethylene production and ACC oxidase activity decreased whereas ACC content increased between the white and pink stages. Fruit detached at the green stage and developed to full ripe by immersion of the cut pedicel in sucrose solutions exhibited an increase in ACC content, decreased ethylene production, and no change in ACC oxidase activity. Detached green fruit provided with sucrose containing 0.5 mM silver (STS) had elevated ethylene production and more ACC oxidase activity than did fruit incubated without the silver salt. Green fruit provided with sucrose containing 1 mM ACC showed markedly increased ACC content, ACC oxidase activity, and ethylene production. These increases were noted following 4 days incubation in ACC, and were more pronounced after 11 days, at which time fruit of all treatments had attained a full-ripe stage of development. Calyx tissue exhibited more ACC oxidase activity, less ACC content, and similar ethylene production compared with receptacle tissue. ACC synthase could not be detected in fruit harvested at different developmental stages or in fruit detached and developed in vitro.
Optimal experience and the uses of talent

There is more than enough evidence confirming the fact that flow is a powerful source of positive experience, and thus that it contributes to the quality of life by improving subjective states as they occur in the present. There is less evidence about the long-term effects of flow on the quality of life. It has been argued that enjoyment of high-challenge, high-skill situations makes personal growth and sociocultural evolution possible (Csikszentmihalyi 1985b; Csikszentmihalyi & Massimini 1985), but the kind of longitudinal data neccessary to test such assertions are not yet available. In the meantime, it is possible to use cross-sectional evidence to answer some related questions, namely, Do young people with high cognitive ability who use their talent show the same patterns of flow experience as similarly talented students who fail to use their talent? The answer to this question might reveal why some individuals are able to fulfill the promise of their early talents, whereas others are not. In the same classroom, some students with the potential for exceptional performance develop their skills whereas others who are equally talented do not. A substantial body of research has explored possible causes, focusing either on traits of the individual (such as positive or negative self-esteem) or factors in the environment (such as parental education or divorce) as contributing to the differential achievement of students with equivalent cognitive endowments (Raph, Goldberg, & Passow 1966; Zilli 1971; Whitmore 1980; Dowdall & Colangelo 1982; Tannenbaum 1983).
Insights Gained From Marmoset Endocrine Research

Abstract New World primate (NWP) marmoset monkeys are an invaluable nonhuman primate resource for translational endocrine research. While they exhibit distinct endocrine differences from Old World primates (OWPs), including humans, exploration of marmoset endocrinology has provided a novel insight into many facets of human health from cancer to alternative regulators of hormone action. Typical of many NWPs, marmosets have exchanged a variety of circulating, extracellular hormone-binding proteins produced by the liver for cell-specific, intracellular-binding proteins. Such highly expressed intracellular binding is locally produced in target organs and tissues. These molecules either engage hormone response elements on chromosomal DNA or nuclear/cytoplasmic hormone receptors, providing relatively high degrees of competitive binding for a variety of hormones that is normally only overcome by corresponding increases in endogenous hormone production. Compensatory high levels of hormones in the circulation, initially misinterpreted as hormone receptor-mediated resistance to receptor binding, thus do not engage the typical pathological sequelae demonstrated in humans and other OWPs.
Diurnal behavior of Kiko wethers in southern-pine silvopastures planted with warm-season forages

Abstract Goats are the common grazing livestock integrated into the silvopasture system. Previous grazing studies with goats in southern-pine silvopastures showed significant debarking of pine trees during the cool-season grazing period. However, goats’ behavior in this system during the warm-season grazing period has not been previously reported. The objective of the study was to determine the diurnal behavior and distribution pattern of Kiko wethers in southern-pine silvopastures planted with warm-season forages. The study was conducted at the Atkins Agroforestry Research and Demonstration Site, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama, USA. The study site consisted of three silvopasture plots (0.4-ha each) comprising 12-year-old longleaf (Pinus palustris Mill.) and loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) pines, with a tree density of 402 trees ha−1 (loblolly: longleaf ratio – 1.27). Study plots were divided into three zones, and three different warm-season forages were grown in these zones. Forage samples were collected and analyzed for productivity and quality. Ten Kiko wethers (2.75–2.90-year-old, 62.9 ± 1.56 kg BW) were rotationally stocked in the study plots, and their diurnal behavior and distribution pattern studied when they were in each study plot. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis rank-sum test in R-package. Grazing was the predominant diurnal behavior (46%) shown by Kiko wethers followed by staying in shelters (22%) and lying (17%). Wethers did not show any pine debarking behavior. Wethers spent predominant diurnal time in Zone 3 (42%) planted with sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don) that had the highest quality forages followed by Zone 1 (31%) planted with bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Fluegge). Kiko wethers could be safe to stock in southern-pine silvopastures containing 12-year-old trees during the warm-season grazing period.