cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Applying density-based outlier identifications using multiple datasets for validation of stroke clinical outcomes.

Abstract Introduction Clinicians commonly use the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and the Barthel Index (BI) to measure clinical outcome after stroke. These are potential targets in machine learning models for stroke outcome prediction. Therefore, the quality of the measurements is crucial for training and validation of these models. The objective of this study was to apply and evaluate density-based outlier detection methods for identifying potentially incorrect measurements in multiple large stroke datasets to assess the measurement quality. Method We applied three density-based outlier detection methods including density-based spatial clustering of applications (DBSCAN), hierarchical DBSCAN (HDBSCAN) and local outlier factor (LOF) based on a large dataset obtained from a nationwide prospective stroke registry in Taiwan. The testing of each method was done by using four different NINDS funded stroke datasets. Result The DBSCAN achieved a high performance across all mRS values where the highest average accuracy was 99.2 ± 0.7 at mRS of 4 and the lowest average accuracy was 92.0 ± 4.6 at mRS of 3. The LOF also achieved similar performance, however, the HDBSCAN with default parameters setting required further tuning improvement. Conclusion The density-based outlier detection methods were proven to be promising for validation of stroke outcome measures. The outlier detection algorithm developed from a large prospective registry dataset was effectively applied in four different NINDS stroke datasets with high performance results. The tool developed from this detection algorithm can be further applied to real world datasets to increase the data quality in stroke outcome measures.
Successful external cephalic version in a patient with uterus didelphys and fetal malpresentation.

Mullerian anomalies are congenital malformations of the female reproductive organs that occur when the mullerian ducts develop abnormally. Different types of mullerian anomalies have different pregnancy outcomes. Breech presentation is a common occurrence in pregnant women with uterus didelphys, and caesarean section is the traditional mode of delivery under such circumstances. Here, we present the case of a 29-year-old woman (gravida 2, para 1) with her fetus in a frank breech presentation. The patient had a known history of uterus didelphys and previous vaginal delivery. She elected to undergo external cephalic version (ECV) at 37 weeks with a trial of labour at 39 weeks as opposed to planned cesarean delivery. The version was successful, and the fetus was subsequently delivered vaginally without complications. This case demonstrates ECV as a possible option in women with uterus didelphys, provided the risks of the procedure are carefully weighed and individualised to each patient.
Percutaneous embolization using a combination of liquid embolic agents for the treatment of a large disfiguring venous malformation.

Abstract A 25-year-old man with a venous malformation (VM) along the anterior and posterolateral aspects of the right chest wall presented with progressive enlargement of VM, chest wall pain, and physical disfigurement. Because of the complexity and size of the VM, a staged multidisciplinary team approach, ie percutaneous embolization, followed by surgical resection and tissue-skin grafting was used. The percutaneous embolization was achieved with a combination of liquid embolic agents including n-butyl cyanoacrylate for the superficial cutaneous component and ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer for the deeper subcutaneous component of the VM. Such a combination can achieve safe occlusion of the VM, facilitate surgical resection without blood loss, and contribute to a cosmetically desirable result.
Combined fluorescence-guided surgery and photodynamic therapy for glioblastoma multiforme using cyanine and chlorin nanocluster

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary intracranial malignancy; survival can be improved by maximizing the extent-of-resection. A near-infrared fluorophore (Indocyanine-Green, ICG) was combined with a photosensitizer (Chlorin-e6, Ce6) on the surface of superparamagnetic-iron-oxide-nanoparticles (SPIONs), all FDA-approved for clinical use, yielding a nanocluster (ICS) using a microemulsion. The physical–chemical properties of the ICS were systematically evaluated. Efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) was evaluated in vitro with GL261 cells and in vivo in a subtotal resection trial using a syngeneic flank tumor model. NIR imaging properties of ICS were evaluated in both a flank and an intracranial GBM model. ICS demonstrated high ICG and Ce6 encapsulation efficiency, high payload capacity, and chemical stability in physiologic conditions. In vitro cell studies demonstrated significant PDT-induced cytotoxicity using ICS. Preclinical animal studies demonstrated that the nanoclusters can be detected through NIR imaging in both flank and intracranial GBM tumors (ex: 745 nm, em: 800 nm; mean signal-to-background 8.5 ± 0.6). In the flank residual tumor PDT trial, subjects treated with PDT demonstrated significantly enhanced local control of recurrent neoplasm starting on postoperative day 8 (23.1 mm3 vs 150.5 mm3, p = 0.045), and the treatment effect amplified to final mean volumes of 220.4 mm3 vs 806.1 mm3 on day 23 (p = 0.0055). A multimodal theragnostic agent comprised solely of FDA-approved components was developed to couple optical imaging and PDT. The findings demonstrated evidence for the potential theragnostic benefit of ICS in surgical oncology that is conducive to clinical integration.
The Effects of Emoji on Influencer Advertising and Temporal Orientation on Purchase Intentions Keywords: Influencer Advertising, Emoji, Temporal Orientation, Construal Level

The present research has drawn on construal level theory examining the effect of emoji arousal level as well as its interaction effect with consumers’ temporal orientation (i.e., future-oriented or present-oriented) on their purchase intentions toward an influencer advertised product. The results of an online experimental study suggest that emoji arousal level did not influence consumers’ purchase intentions. Further, the interaction effects between emoji arousal level and consumers’ temporal orientation revealed that present-oriented consumers showed greater purchase intentions when viewing an influencer ad with emojis in low (vs. high) arousal levels, but no significant difference was found for future-oriented consumers. The findings of this study offered valuable insights into construal level theory and influencer marketing literature regarding the effects of emoji arousal levels and temporal orientation on consumers’ purchase intentions.
Integrative Group Therapy for Psychosis: by Nick Kanas. Routledge, 2021. 182 pp.

Long before the term “evidence-based” became the politicized and scientistic buzzword that pervades the field of psychotherapy today, before the randomized control trial became the only game in tow...
Seaweed Biomass Utilization Pathways in Microbes and Their Applications in the Production of Biofuels

Marine algae transform nearly 50 Gt of carbon dioxide each year from the atmosphere and convert it into biomass. Carbohydrates are the main components of the algal biomass, which function as storage of carbon and energy. Macroalgae show numerous features of a potential feedstock that may help the increasing global requirement for energy. Seaweed polysaccharides have been considered as cheap biomass to produce biodiesel, ethanol, and hydrogen. This book chapter is focused on macroalgae-based biorefinery. It provides a background on macroalgae taxonomic classification, habitat environment, enzymes, and metabolic pathways involved in macroalgae polysaccharide catabolism. In addition, it is also focused on providing information on native and engineered microbial platforms for biofuel production from brown macroalgae.
Postpartum fever and radicular low back pain: A case report

Fever and low back pain with radicular symptoms raise concern for epidural abscess or other neuraxial infection, especially in the context of recent epidural anesthesia. Here we present an unusual case with several confounding factors and an unexpected diagnosis.
Applications of Biotechnology in Today's Dairy Industry

Advances in biotechnology and molecular biology in the last decade or so have brought exciting new technologies that can/will be used to solve complex problems confronting animal agriculture. These advances could have a fundamental impact and perhaps revolutionize production agriculture systems as we now know them. For example, improved disease surveillance; enhanced disease resistance; increased animal growth, efficiency and productivity; and manipulation of food quality and quantity are just a few possibilities that could impact the agricultural sector in the not-too-distant future. The purpose of this communication is to describe how biotechnology and molecular biology are used in research on mastitis, food safety and foodborne pathogens, and whenever possible describe how these advances have/will impact food-producing animals with particular emphasis on the dairy industry.
Operations and outcomes of a Hospital-wide Emergency Airway Response Team (HEART) in a quaternary academic children’s hospital

BACKGROUND To improve pediatric airway management outside of the operating room, a Hospital-wide Emergency Airway Response Team (HEART) program composed of anesthesiology, otorhinolaryngology, and respiratory therapy clinicians was developed. AIMS To report processes and outcomes of HEART activations in a quaternary academic children's hospital. METHODS A retrospective observational cohort study between January 2017 and December 2019. Local airway emergency database was reviewed for HEART activations. Additional safety data was obtained from patients' electronic health records. PRIMARY OUTCOME Adverse airway outcomes, either adverse tracheal intubation-associated events or oxygen desaturation (SpO2 <80%). We compared airway management by primary teams before HEART arrival and by HEART after arrival. RESULTS Of 96 HEART activations, 36 were from neonatal intensive care unit, 35 from pediatric and cardiac intensive care units, 14 from emergency department, and 11 from inpatient wards. 56 (62%) children had airway anomalies and 41/96 (43%) were invasively ventilated. Median HEART arrival time was 5 min (interquartile range, 3-5). 56/96 (58%) required insertion of an advanced airway (supra/extra-glottic airway, endotracheal tube, tracheostomy tube). HEART succeeded in establishing a definitive airway in 53/56 (94%). Adverse airway outcomes were more common before (56/96, 58%) versus after HEART arrival (28/96, 29%; absolute risk difference 29%; 95% confidence interval 16, 41%; p < .001). Oxygen desaturation occurred more frequently before (46/96, 48%) versus after HEART arrival (24/96, 25%; absolute risk difference 23%; 95% confidence interval 11, 35%; p = .02). Cardiac arrests were more common before (9/96, 9%) versus after HEART arrival (3/96, 3%). Multiple (≥3) intubation attempts were more frequent before (14/42, 33%) versus after HEART arrival (9/46, 20%; absolute risk difference -14%; 95% confidence interval -32, 5%; p = .15). CONCLUSIONS A multidisciplinary emergency airway response team plays an important role in pediatric airway management outside of the operating room. Adverse airway outcomes were more frequent before compared to after HEART arrival.
Neural Event Semantics for Grounded Language Understanding

We present a new conjunctivist framework, neural event semantics (NES), for compositional grounded language understanding. Our approach treats all words as classifiers that compose to form a sentence meaning by multiplying output scores. These classifiers apply to spatial regions (events) and NES derives its semantic structure from language by routing events to different classifier argument inputs via soft attention. NES is trainable end-to-end by gradient descent with minimal supervision. We evaluate our method on compositional grounded language tasks in controlled synthetic and real-world settings. NES offers stronger generalization capability than standard function-based compositional frameworks, while improving accuracy over state-of-the-art neural methods on real-world language tasks.
The Climate Demon: Past, Present, and Future of Climate Prediction

Climate predictions - and the computer models behind them - play a key role in shaping public opinion and our response to the climate crisis. Some people interpret these predictions as 'prophecies of doom' and some others dismiss them as mere speculation, but the vast majority are only vaguely aware of the science behind them. This book gives a balanced view of the strengths and limitations of climate modeling. It covers historical developments, current challenges, and future trends in the field. The accessible discussion of climate modeling only requires a basic knowledge of science. Uncertainties in climate predictions and their implications for assessing climate risk are analyzed, as are the computational challenges faced by future models. The book concludes by highlighting the dangers of climate 'doomism', while also making clear the value of predictive models, and the severe and very real risks posed by anthropogenic climate change.
Structural requirements for assembly of the CSL.intracellular Notch1.Mastermind-like 1 transcriptional activation complex.

Abstract Ligand binding by Notch receptors triggers a series of proteolytic cleavages that liberate the intracellular portion of Notch (ICN) from the cell membrane, permitting it to translocate to the nucleus. Nuclear ICN binds to a highly conserved DNA-binding transcription factor called CSL (also known as RBP-Jκ, CBF1, Suppressor of Hairless, and Lag-1) and recruits Mastermind-like transcriptional co-activators to form a transcriptional activation complex. Using bioinformatics tools, we identified a Rel homology region (RHR) within CSL that was used as a guide to determine the minimal protein requirements for ternary complex formation. The RHR of CSL contains both the N- and C-terminal β-sheet domains (RHR-n and RHR-c) of typical Rel transcription factors, as judged by circular dichroism spectra. Binding of monomeric CSL to DNA requires the entire RHR of CSL and an additional 125-residue N-terminal sequence, whereas binding to ICN requires only the RHR-n domain. Although the RAM (RBP-Jκ (recombination-signal-sequence-binding protein for Jκ genes)-associated molecule) domain of ICN is flexible and relatively unstructured as an isolated polypeptide in solution, it associates stably with CSL on DNA. Recruitment of Mastermind-like 1 (MAML1) to CSL·ICN complexes on DNA requires inclusion of the ankyrin repeat domain of ICN, and N- and C-terminal sequences of CSL extending beyond the DNA-binding region. The requirement for cooperative assembly of the MAML1·ICN·CSL·DNA complex suggests that a primary function of ICN is to render CSL competent for MAML loading. On the basis of our results, we present a working structural model for the organization of the MAML1·ICN·CSL·DNA complex.
Cognitive modeling for agent-based simulation of child maltreatment

This paper extends previous work to develop cognitive modeling for agent-based simulation of child maltreatment (CM). The developed model is inspired from parental efficacy, parenting stress, and the theory of planned behavior. It provides an explanatory, process-oriented model of CM and incorporates causality relationship and feedback loops from different factors in the social ecology in order for simulating the dynamics of CM. We describe the model and present simulation results to demonstrate the features of this model.
Continuous 119.2-GSample/s photonic compressed sensing of sparse microwave signals

We demonstrate 119.2-GSample/s compressive microwave frequency detection using spectrally-encoded ultrafast laser pulses. We sense sparse tones over > 35-GHz instantaneous bandwidth with 2-MHz accuracy using < 300 consecutive compressive measurements acquired at a 400-MHz rate.
Storage management using CIM and JMX

We present a transparent CIM-to-JMX gateway for combining complementary advantages of two partly competing management technologies, the Common Information Model (CIM) and Java Management Extensions (JMX), namely a rich data model and straightforward language binding respectively. This work supports a research prototype for policy-based storage management, whose aim is to enable intelligent placement decisions for file and digital media resources by taking both current availability and performance of contributing resources into account.
The White Rhinoceros on the Upper Nile

IT may interest your readers to learn that during his recent notable traverse of Africa from South to North, Major A. St. Hill Gibbons shot on the Upper Nile, near Lado, a rhinoceros; which he considered to be the white or square-mouthed rhinoceros (R. simus), hitherto only known from south of the Zambesi, and now, unhappily, nearly extinct there. His determination is fully borne out by the skull, which I have had the pleasure of examining, and which shows all the many characters that distinguish R. simus from the common species, R. bicornis.
Dynamic levels of glutamate within the insula are associated with improvements in multiple pain domains in fibromyalgia.

Objective Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic widespread pain condition that is thought to arise from augmentation of central neural activity. Glutamate (Glu) is an excitatory neurotransmitter that functions in pain-processing pathways. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between changing levels of Glu within the insula and changes in multiple pain domains in patients with FM. Methods Ten patients with FM underwent 2 sessions of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) and 2 sessions of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), each conducted before and after a nonpharmacologic intervention to reduce pain. During H-MRS, the anterior and posterior insular regions were examined separately using single-voxel spectroscopy. The levels of Glu and other metabolites were estimated relative to levels of creatine (Cr) (e.g., the Glu/Cr ratio). During FMRI, painful pressures were applied to the thumbnail to elicit neuronal activation. Experimental pressure-evoked pain thresholds and clinical pain ratings (on the Short Form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire [SF-MPQ]) were also assessed prior to each imaging session Results Both experimental pain (P = 0.047 versus pretreatment) and SF-MPQ–rated clinical pain (P = 0.043 versus pretreatment) were reduced following treatment. Changes from pre- to posttreatment in Glu/Cr were negatively correlated with changes in experimental pain thresholds (r = −0.95, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with changes in clinical pain (r = 0.85, P = 0.002). Changes in the FMRI-determined blood oxygenation level–dependent effect (a measure of neural activation) were positively correlated with changes in Glu/Cr within the contralateral insula (r = 0.81, P = 0.002). Conclusion Changes in Glu levels within the insula are associated with changes in multiple pain domains in patients with FM. Thus, H-MRS data may serve as a useful biomarker and surrogate end point for clinical trials of FM.
A dynamic driver management scheme for less-than-truckload carriers

This paper describes a scheme for the dynamic management of linehaul drivers developed for a large US less-than-truckload (LTL) carrier. Virtually all scheduling problems faced by transportation service providers are complicated by time-constrained vehicle operators that can be renewed only after resting. LTL driver scheduling is further complicated by the fact that trucking moves, unlike passenger airline flights or train dispatches, are not pre-scheduled. The technology developed in this paper combines greedy search with enumeration of time-feasible driver duties, and is capable of generating in a matter of minutes cost-effective driver schedules covering 15,000-20,000 loads and satisfying a variety of real-life driver constraints. Computational results justify the algorithmic design choices made in the development of the scheme, and a comparison with real-world dispatch data indicates that the technology produces driver schedules of very high quality.
Two-phase equilibrium in individual nanoparticles of Bi-Sn

When evaluating the path of phase transformations in systems with nanoscopic dimensions, one often relies on bulk phase diagrams for guidance because of the lack of phase diagrams that show the effect of size. In order to provide insight into how phase diagrams can very when a high surface curvature exists, binary alloys of Bi and Sn were investigated as a collection of individual crystalline particles vapor deposited onto amorphous carbon substrates in ultra-high vacuum. These crystallites were annealed after deposition to equilibrate the phases and structures. After annealing, they were transferred to the transmission electron microscope for analysis of the phase state as a function of composition and surface curvature, i.e., particle radius. Individual crystallites were analyzed with respect to crystallinity, two-phase or one-phase coexistence, and composition. The data show that there is a critical size below which there is no limit to the solubility, in strong contrast to that found in the bulk system, which is a simple eutectic alloy with less than 0.3 pct solubility on the bismuth-rich solid solution side of the phase diagram and about 15 pct on the tin-rich side. The change in solubility limit with size was found to be equally strong in both the tin-rich terminal solid solution and the bismuth-rich terminal solid solution. A thermodynamic approach to using free-energy expressions modified to account for surface curvature can be successful in showing the shift in solubility with size. It is shown that the appropriate thermodynamic potential to minimize is a modified Helmholtz free energy.
Effect of welding speed on the quality of friction stir welded butt joints of a magnesium alloy

Abstract The effect of welding speed ranging from 5 to 30 mm/s on 2-mm butt joint quality of friction stir welded AZ31B-H24 magnesium alloy was investigated to determine defects, microstructures, hardness and tensile properties. High welding speed over a wide range can be used to weld this material at high tool revolution rates indicating the great potential of this technique for magnesium alloys. Equiaxed grains were observed in the stir and thermo-mechanically-affected zones. The grain size in the stir zone decreases with increasing welding speed due to lower heat input. Higher welding speeds produce slightly higher hardness in the stir zone. The yield strength increases with increasing welding speed. The tensile strength increases first with increasing welding speed but remains constant from 15 to 30 mm/s. A Hall–Petch linear relationship between yield strength and inverse square root of grain size in the stir zone illustrates the strong relationship between these parameters.
Weathering of calcite, pyrite, and sulfur by Thermothrix thiopara in a thermal spring

Abstract The mineral weathering capabilities of Thermothrix thiopara were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. Thermothrix thiopara is an extremely thermophilic, sulfur‐oxidizing bacterium that grows in a thermal spring whose principal minerals are calcium carbonate, pyrite, and sulfur. Crystals of these minerals were incubated in situ for periods up to eight days, removed, and examined. Results indicated that T. thiopara is partially responsible for weathering calcium carbonate by the production of sulfuric acid, thereby contributing to the formation of a porous tufa mound. Examination of ultravioletirradiated control crystals indicated that the sulfuric acid produced by T. thiopara caused solubilization of calcium carbonate even in the absence of direct bacterial colonization. Pyrite and sulfur were not visibly weathered, but instead were coated with calcium carbonate precipitate. During eight days incubation, growth forms of T. thiopara colonizing the miner...
Synaptic integration at a sensory‐motor reflex in the leech.

1. In the medicinal leech the distribution of synapses from the pressure sensory (P) neurone to the annulus erector (AE) motoneurone and the site of impulse initiation in the AE cell were determined to understand better the integration of sensory inputs by the motoneurone. 2. The axon of the AE cell bifurcates before leaving the ganglion. Laser photoablation experiments indicated that the axon proximal to the bifurcation is inexcitable. Two techniques, laser photoablation and measurement of impulse timing, each located the site of impulse initiation at the bifurcation. 3. The medial P cell makes a monosynaptic connection with the AE cell, eliciting an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) of 1-3 mV amplitude recorded in the AE cell soma. 4. Intracellular injection of dyes into separate cells showed that P cell branches appear to contact AE cell branches both ipsilaterally and contralaterally. Laser photoablation of selected portions of the P and AE cells' axons revealed functional contacts on both sides. 5. The primary axon bifurcation of the AE cell is the site of integration of synaptic potentials that spread passively from both sides of the ganglion. These summed synaptic potentials account for the concerted activity of the two AE cells in each ganglion.
Mixing Analysis in a Lid-Driven Cavity Flow at Finite Reynolds Numbers

The influence of inertial effects on chaotic advection and mixing is investigated for a two-dimensional, time-dependent lid-driven cavity flow. Previous work shows that this flow exhibits exponential stretching and folding of material lines due to the presence of figure-eight stirring patterns in the creeping flow regime. The high sensitivity to initial conditions and the exponential growth of errors in chaotic flows necessitate an accurate solution of the flow in order to calculate metrics based on Lagrangian particle tracking. The streamfunction-vorticity formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations is solved using a Fourier-Chebyshev spectral method, providing the necessary exponential convergence and machine-precision accuracy. Poincare sections and mixing measures are used to analyze chaotic advection and quantify the mixing efficiency. The calculated mixing characteristics are almost identical for Re ≤ 1. For the time range investigated, the best mixing in this system is observed for Re = 10. Interestingly, increasing the Reynolds number to the range 10 < Re ≤ 100 results in an observed decrease in mixing efficacy.
A time-domain approach for distribution and transmission network modeling

A state variable approach based on a time-domain analysis is presented for identifying the parameters of a distribution or transmission network model using actual recorded data. The data used in the model development were simulated data and actual recorded data. The actual recorded data were obtained during normal operating and capacitor switching conditions in a primary distribution feeder. The method describes the network in state variable format, which is applicable to steady-state and transient conditions. The conversion of state variable representation to frequency-domain impedance transfer functions is also presented. >
Generalized Cowin–Mehrabadi theorems and a direct proof that the number of linear elastic symmetries is eight

Abstract The Cowin–Mehrabadi theorem is generalized to allow less restrictive and more flexible conditions for locating a symmetry plane in an anisotropic elastic material. The generalized theorems are then employed to prove that the number of linear elastic symmetries is eight. The proof starts by imposing a symmetry plane to a triclinic material and, after new elastic symmetries are found, another symmetry plane is imposed. This process exhausts all possibility of elastic symmetries, and shows that there are only eight elastic symmetries. At each stage when a new symmetry plane is added, explicit results are obtained for the locations of the new symmetry plane that lead to a new elastic symmetry. It takes as few as three, and at most five, symmetry planes to reduce a triclinic material (which has no symmetry plane) to an isotropic material for which any plane is a symmetry plane.
USE OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM DATA TO DETERMINE DRIVER DECELERATION AND ACCELERATION BEHAVIOR

Data gathered during a 1996 Intelligent Cruise Control (ICC) Field Operational Test conducted in Michigan and sponsored by NHTSA were analyzed. The purpose was to evaluate driver deceleration and acceleration behavior at stop sign-controlled intersections on rural highways when the driver is unimpeded by a leading vehicle. A novel trip analysis technique was developed to scan the ICC data and identify 299 deceleration and 214 acceleration events at appropriate intersections, and a new mathematical model was used to evaluate those events. This model was used to compute the average rates of deceleration and acceleration for each of these events, and these average rates were compared for different subgroups (e.g., subgroups based on initial speed, final speed, driver gender, and type of street). The results indicate a strong and statistically significant dependence of the deceleration rate on the initial speed but little dependence of these rates on any of the other factors studied. The data indicate that there is a large, random component in the rate of deceleration or acceleration initiated by a driver. This result demonstrates the stochastic nature of driver deceleration and acceleration behavior, which may indicate a need to revisit how deceleration and acceleration rates are treated in common traffic calculations.
Economic Dynamics and Government Stability in Postwar Italy

In this paper I estimate a duration model of the Italian government. The main finding of the paper is that the downfall probability of an Italian government depends on both political and economic factors. In particular, the higher the inflation rate and the higher the number of workhours lost in strikes both at the time a government forms and during its tenure in office, the more likely it is for a government to collapse. This result has important consequences for the validity of political theories of the business cycle.
Structural shape optimization with geometric description and adaptive mesh refinement

Earlier work on shape optimization indicated that a simple problem description format was crucial to effective use of the program. As a result, a geometric problem description format which uses only boundary information was developed. A finite element mesh generation capability which requires only boundary information is used to generate the mesh, and a solution-based adaptive mesh refinement scheme is used to provide a more accurate estimate of the true solution. During the optimization process, periodic refinements are performed to generate estimates of the refined stresses based on unrefined solutions. Nonlinearities in the constraints led to some convergence difficulties; however, minimum mass designs typically were obtained in 30-40 finite element solutions.
Associations between Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index factors and health outcomes in women with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Objective The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a widely used measure of subjective sleep disturbance in clinical populations, including individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although the severity of sleep disturbance is generally represented by a global symptom score, recent factor analytic studies suggest that the PSQI is better characterized by a two- or three-factor model than a one-factor model. This study examined the replicability of two- and three-factor models of the PSQI, as well as the relationship between PSQI factors and health outcomes, in a female sample with PTSD.
Craniometric variation in a population of mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata): Evidence of size selection in females and growth in dentally mature males

A large body of work on monkey cranial metrics (involving conclusions about interspecific variation, sexual dimorphism, and ontogeny) depends on the assumptions that growth effectively ceases with dental maturity and that intraspecific variation is negligible. We test these assumptions by examining variation in 39 measurements of 166 dentally mature Alouatta palliata skulls from animals found dead on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. We also investigate whether this population is under size-based selection, since our found-dead sample reflects the natural mortality in this population. The sample was divided into three age stages by occlusal wear (A-C, least to most wear). Female stage A means are significantly smaller than female stage B means for three cranial measures. Female stage B means are significantly smaller than female stage C means for five cranial measures. Male stage A means are significantly smaller than male stage B means for 21 cranial measures. Multivariate analyses confirm this trend of expansion between adult age stages. The dental metric and suture closure data suggest that the cranial expansion in females is due to size-based selection, while the cranial expansion in males is due to significant growth after dental maturity. Sexual dimorphism ratios are highly variable across different samples of A. palliata, indicating that dimorphism varies between populations of this species. These results provide insight into the selective forces operating on the BCI howlers and challenge the validity of the many studies which pool subspecies and assume growth ceases with maturity.
Theoretical coarse-graining approach to bridge length scales in diblock copolymer liquids

A microscopic theory for coarse graining diblock copolymers into dumbbells of interacting soft colloidal particles has been developed based on the solution of liquid-state integral equations. The Ornstein-Zernike equation is solved to provide a mesoscopic description of the diblock copolymer system at the level of block centers of mass, and at the level of polymer centers of mass. Analytical forms of the total correlation functions for block-block, block-monomer, and center-of-mass pairs are obtained for a liquid of structurally symmetric diblock copolymers as a function of temperature, density, chain length, and chain composition. The theory correctly predicts thermodynamically driven segregation of diblocks into microdomains as a function of temperature ($\ensuremath{\chi}$ parameter). The coarse-grained description contains contributions from density and concentration fluctuations, with the latter becoming dominant as temperature decreases. Numerical calculations for the block coarse-grained total correlation functions, as a function of the proximity of the system to its phase transition, are presented. Comparison with united atom molecular dynamics simulations are carried out in the athermal regime, where simulations and theory quantitatively agree with no need of adjustable parameters.
Valuation of Travel Time

After decades of study, the value of travel time remains incompletely understood and ripe for further theoretical and empirical investigation. Research has revealed many regularities and connections between willingness to pay for time savings and other economic factors including time of day choice, aversion to unreliability, labor supply, taxation, activity scheduling, intra-household time allocation, and out-of-office productivity. Some of these connections have been addressed through sophisticated modeling, revealing a plethora of reasons for heterogeneity in value of time rooted in behavior at a micro scale. This paper reviews what we know and what we need to know. A recurrent theme is that the value of time for a particular travel movement depends strongly on very specific factors, and that understanding how these factors work will provide new insights into travel behavior and into more general economic choices.
Caregiver assessment: Summary

(2002). Caregiver assessment: Summary. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Disorders: Vol. 3, No. sup1, pp. S31-S34.
PRENATAL TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA: The United States Experience

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a term describing a family of monogenic autosomal recessive disorders of steroidogenesis in which enzymatic defects result in impaired synthesis of cortisol by the adrenal cortex. 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OH) is the most common enzymatic defect causing CAH and occurs in a classic form that can cause genital ambiguity at birth in genetic females. An algorithm has been developed for prenatal diagnosis and treatment. Dexamethasone is administered to the pregnant mother to suppress excess adrenal androgen secretion and prevent virilization should the fetus be an affected female. This is the first instance of an inborn metabolic error to be successfully treated prenatally.
Problem-Solving and Experiential Background Determinants of Test Performances in Mentally Retarded Subjects

In four diagnostic categories (Organic Brain-damaged, Psychiatric, Familial, Undifferentiated) of institutionalized retardates Ss were individually matched across the categories on age and Full Scale Wechsler-Bellevue IQ (Ns = 16). Intergroup comparisons were made of performance on a battery of 26 psychological measures which were ranked on a continuum ranging from tests judged to be most dependent upon immediate problem-solving ability to tests judged most dependent upon experiential background for task success. The results showed that the Familial group performed significantly better than the other three categories on tests within the problem-solving half of the continuum, and that the Familial group performed significantly more poorly than the other three groups on measures within the experiential background half of the distribution. The differential diagnostic and group composition implications of the results were discussed in relation to previously reported studies involving similar groups.
Anaplastic renal cell carcinoma following neuroblastoma

Renal cell carcinoma is unusual in children. We report a case of anaplastic renal cell carcinoma arising in a 7-year-old girl following treatment for Stage III neuroblastoma. The renal cell carcinoma has unusual histologic and ultrastructural features, which are discussed. The case is further unusual in that few children with advanced stage neuroblastoma survive long enough to develop second malignant neoplasms. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Computer analysis of transcranial sonotomographic B-scans

Abstract A computerized system for analyzing transcranial sonotomographic B-scans is introduced. The digitized tomogram is first enhanced to overcome the resolution and distortion problems now inherent in the B-scan. Any abnormal echoes in the scan are then located and various ultrasonic features are extracted for measuring. Using these measurements, a trainable pattern-classifying scheme is devised to establish the decision criteria for measuring membership of the abnormal echo in a tumor class. This system demonstrates the potential of computerized B-scan tomograms for an automated diagnostic scheme.
Single machine jobshop scheduling problem with weighted quadratic function of job lateness: A branch-and-bound approach

Abstract This paper considers minimizing the sum of the weighted squares of lateness values for all jobs scheduled in a single machine system. In many real world jobshop scheduling situations, early completions of jobs are as undesirable as tardy completions. In such cases, minimization of the sum of squared lateness values of jobs may be an appropriate objective for the decision maker. Also, lateness of one job may be more or less expensive than the lateness of another job. In those situations, it is reasonable to consider different penalties for the lateness value of different jobs in the schedule. Therefore, this research considers minimizing the sum of the weighted squared lateness values of jobs in the schedule. A branch-and-bound technique is presented to find an optimal solution. Computational results are also reported.
Teaching culturally competent care: nursing students experience rural Appalachia.

This article describes two courses, Health in Rural Appalachia and Clinical Practice in Appalachia, developed by one of the authors to increase students’ cultural competence as professional nurses....
Stereotaxic surgery with a magnetic resonance- and computerized tomography-compatible system.

✓ Modern stereotaxic surgery is dependent upon compatible advanced imaging tools, including computerized tomography (CT) scanning and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The authors describe three cases in which the patients underwent stereotaxic surgery for mass lesions identified by both MR imaging and CT scans. Identical target coordinates were defined by both techniques, and accuracy was confirmed by intraoperative CT. In comparison to stereotaxic CT, MR provided superior contrast resolution, allowed direct multiplanar imaging and target determination, and permitted accurate correlation of the image with histological features. The operative set-up and technique are described. Stereotaxic surgery with MR imaging may permit more accurate histopathological definition of tumor margins and ultimately lead to better dosimetry for therapeutic procedures such as interstitial brachytherapy.
Construction of RF and microwave component model library based on ADS

In the complete R&D process for complicated communication system, EDA simulation is one of the most important and straightforward approaches to verify the system performance at the early stage, and also the best method to discover problems and optimize designs. With the library of RF component model including linear and nonlinear models, the parameters of component could be denoted in simulation. This model library can be easily expand to new components with circuit diagram or measurement data and will ensure the efficiency of RF system development.
Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube: Evidence for activity of cisplatin combination therapy☆

The records of 23 patients with confirmed carcinoma of the fallopian tube, treated between 1966 and 1983, were reviewed. Patients ranged in age from 41 to 88 years. A pelvic mass was the most common preoperative finding (61%), followed by abnormal bleeding (43%), and pain (39%). Fifteen patients had stage I or II disease, 8 had Stage III or IV disease. In patients with metastatic disease, involvement of the peritoneal surfaces, bowel, and omentum were noted most often. Lymph nodes were the most common site(s) of recurrent disease. Twelve evaluable patients with measurable disease were treated with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide (PC) +/- doxorubicin (PAC). There were 9 complete and 2 partial responses, a 92% response rate. Incorporation of cisplatin therapy appears to have resulted in improved short-term survival.
A geometric index of reduction for unifacial stone tools

Abstract Issues relating to the maintenance and renewal of stone tools have become increasingly important in studies of prehistoric technologies. This paper presents an index of reduction for unifacial side-scrapers, a common tool form in many assemblages. The index is based on a simple geometric model of flake cross-sections. It is unprejudiced by varying paths of reduction and the original sizes of tools. However, the index is potentially subject to bias resulting from variation in the form of tool blanks: In spite of these constraints, experimental data suggest that the index constitutes' a reliable measure of the extent of tool reduction.
Differential responding in a three choice maze controlled by three drug states

Rats were trained to escape from shock in a maze with 3 goal boxes. Repeated training was given after injection of phenobarbital, atropine, or saline and a different goal box was safe under each drug condition. No discriminative conditions other than drug state were available to the rat as a basis for its choice. The rats learned to run the goal box appropriate to their current drug state.
Long-term trends in hip fracture prevalence: the influence of hip fracture incidence and survival.

In this population-based descriptive study covering the 65-year period, 1928–92, there was a 5-fold increase in hip fracture prevalence among Rochester, Minnesota residents between 1928–42 and 1973–82, from 135.8 to 675.8 per 100 000. This change was dictated almost entirely by an increase in the incidence of first hip fractures due to moderate trauma (n = 2058) that was observed among Rochester women through 1950, and among men through 1980, that affected all age groups. Declining incidence rates thereafter led to a 9% fall in hip fracture prevalence from 1973–82 due to 1983–92 to a rate of 612.7 per 100 000. A 13.7-year increase in age at first hip fracture over the study period was accounted for by aging of the underlying population, and a comparable 13.9-year increase in the age at death following hip fracture appeared to result from improved survival in the population generally. Thus, trends in hip fractures prevalence were mainly determined by changes in incidence rather than relative changes in age at onset and death following hip fracture.
Born-bogoliubov-green-kirkwood-yvon hierarchy for continuum percolation

We derive an infinite hierarchy of integral equations for the connectedness functions in a general class of continuum-random-percolation models. This hierarchy is similar, and in some cases identical, to the Born-Bogoliubov-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon hierarchy that is well known in the theory of fluids. The structure of these equations is discussed as well as that of the Kirkwood superposition approximation used to impose a closure on the hierarchy.
Density functional theory and Hartree–Fock-density functional theory calculations of 17O, 33S, and 73Ge quadrupole coupling constants

Abstract The performance of several density functional theory and Hartree–Fock density functional theory methods in conjunction with Pople type bases for the calculation of 17 O, 33 S, and 73 Ge quadrupole coupling constants in gaseous state molecules was investigated. Assessment of the several models was made by linear regression analysis of the calculated gradient of the molecular electric field versus the experimental nuclear quadrupole coupling constant (NQCCs). Calculations for oxygen on six molecules with the B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3p) model yield a residual standard deviation of 0.057 MHz (1.4%); for sulfur on 12 molecules with the B3LYP/6-311G(3df,3p) model, 0.42 MHz (1.8%); and for germanium on nine molecules with the B3P86/6-311G(2d) model, 0.83 MHz (1.0%). In the case of germyl acetylene, our calculations indicate that the experimental NQCC reported some time ago by Thomas and Laurie [J. Chem. Phys. 44 (1966) 2602] was incorrectly assigned with respect to algebraic sign. Predictions are made of the 17 O and 33 S NQCCs in furan, 4H-pyran-4-one, 4H-pyran-4-thione, and 4H-thiapyran-4-thione; and of the 73 Ge NQCC in germyl bromide.