cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acceleration of a two-dimensional combustion code using MOSI to find the pressure and pressure-correction fields for a SIMPLER based algorithm

An easily implemented method for achieving modest savings in cpu time in modeling two-dimensional combustor geometries is presented. This method achieves its savings through the substitution of an MOSI method for the more conventional ADI method used to solve the pressure and pressure-correction fluid flow equations of a SIMPLER based algorithm. Typical cpu savings of from 10% to 20% are to be expected, based on the several test cases examined in this study.
Plutonium-244 in the Early Solar System and Concordant Plutonium/Xenon and Iodine/Xenon Decay Intervals of Achondrites

Concordant plutonium/xenon and iodine/xenon decay intervals have been obtained for a dozen meteorites, mostly achondrites. Plutonium-244 and iodine-129 abundances in the early solar system suggest that these extinct nuclides were synthesized in the galactic nucleosynthesis process, which lasted several billion years.
Piezoelectricity of single-atomic-layer MoS2 for energy conversion and piezotronics.

The two-dimensional semiconducting material molybdenum disulphide shows strong piezoelectricity in its single-layered form, suggesting possible applications in nanoscale electromechanical devices for sensing and energy harvesting. Two-dimensional semiconducting materials are the focus of much research effort thanks to their unusual and potentially useful physical properties. Wenzhou Wu and colleagues now confirm theoretical expectations that one such material — molybdenum disulphide — exhibits strong piezoelectricity in its single-layered form. Such a coupling of mechanical and electrical properties suggests possible applications in nanoscale electromechanical devices for sensing and energy harvesting. The piezoelectric characteristics of nanowires, thin films and bulk crystals have been closely studied for potential applications in sensors, transducers, energy conversion and electronics1,2,3. With their high crystallinity and ability to withstand enormous strain4,5,6, two-dimensional materials are of great interest as high-performance piezoelectric materials. Monolayer MoS2 is predicted to be strongly piezoelectric, an effect that disappears in the bulk owing to the opposite orientations of adjacent atomic layers7,8. Here we report the first experimental study of the piezoelectric properties of two-dimensional MoS2 and show that cyclic stretching and releasing of thin MoS2 flakes with an odd number of atomic layers produces oscillating piezoelectric voltage and current outputs, whereas no output is observed for flakes with an even number of layers. A single monolayer flake strained by 0.53% generates a peak output of 15 mV and 20 pA, corresponding to a power density of 2 mW m−2 and a 5.08% mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency. In agreement with theoretical predictions, the output increases with decreasing thickness and reverses sign when the strain direction is rotated by 90°. Transport measurements show a strong piezotronic effect in single-layer MoS2, but not in bilayer and bulk MoS2. The coupling between piezoelectricity and semiconducting properties in two-dimensional nanomaterials may enable the development of applications in powering nanodevices, adaptive bioprobes and tunable/stretchable electronics/optoelectronics.
Own Group Oppression, Other Group Oppression, and Perspective Taking

This survey research examined the relationship of awareness of own versus awareness of other group oppression across sexism, racism, and homonegativity, by including perspective taking (PT) as a moderator. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that awareness of sexism (own group oppression) predicted awareness of racism (other group oppression) in a sample of 116 European American females (Study 1), whereas awareness of racism (own group oppression) did not predict awareness of homonegativity (other group oppression) in a sample of 113 U.S. racial minorities (Study 2). High PT, compared to low PT, did not predict a stronger relationship between awareness of own and awareness of other group oppression. Post-hoc speculation on the role of PT in intergroup relations and implications for research and counseling are discussed.
Glucocortcoids mediate the stress-induced extracellular accumulation of glutamate ☆

Abstract The hippocampal damage caused by stress has been attributed to an increased glutamatergic tone brought about by secretion of glococorticoids. Although exposure to stress has been shown to increase the outflow of glutamate, direct involvement of glucocorticoid in this phenomenon has not been examined. The present study demonstrates that adrenalectomy attenuates the stress-induced outflow of glutamate in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex and that glucocorticoid replacement abolishes this attenuation.
Activation of locus coeruleus by prefrontal cortex is mediated by excitatory amino acid inputs

We examined the role of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) in activation of noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) neurons evoked by electrical stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in halothane-anesthetized rats. Microinfusion of the specific N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5, 50 or 100 μM) into the LC significantly suppressed LC responses evoked by mPFC stimulation. Microinfusion of the selective non-NMDA antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX, 25 or 50 μM) also significantly reduced evoked LC responses. Simultaneous microinfusion of both AP5 and CNQX considerably increased the proportion of LC neurons which exhibited complete suppression of evoked responses (81%), compared to either AP5 or CNQX alone (∼50% each). These results indicate that LC activation by mPFC stimulation is mediated by both NMDA- and non-NMDA-type EAA channels.
A quantum annealing approach for fault detection and diagnosis of graph-based systems

Diagnosing the minimal set of faults capable of explaining a set of given observations, e.g., from sensor readouts, is a hard combinatorial optimization problem usually tackled with artificial intelligence techniques. We present the mapping of this combinatorial problem to quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO), and the experimental results of instances embedded onto a quantum annealing device with 509 quantum bits. Besides being the first time a quantum approach has been proposed for problems in the advanced diagnostics community, to the best of our knowledge this work is also the first research utilizing the route Problem → QUBO → Direct embedding into quantum hardware, where we are able to implement and tackle problem instances with sizes that go beyond previously reported toy-model proof-of-principle quantum annealing implementations; this is a significant leap in the solution of problems via direct-embedding adiabatic quantum optimization. We discuss some of the programmability challenges in the current generation of the quantum device as well as a few possible ways to extend this work to more complex arbitrary network graphs.
A low cost multi-purpose target chamber

Abstract The characteristics and specifications of a 10 in. (25.4 cm) diameter highly versatile target chamber are presented. Designed to be an inexpensive multi-purpose chamber, it facilities γ−γ, γ-particle, γ−γ-particle correlations, angular distributions of both particles and γ-rays, perturbed angular correlations, and many other experiments.
Body temperature patterns of big brown bats during winter in a building hibernaculum

Abstract Hibernating bats display a wide range of thermoregulatory patterns during hibernation, but to date, the majority of research on the topic has been done on cavernicolous bats. Thus, we measured skin temperature of free-living big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) during winter in a building hibernaculum in western Indiana. Torpor bouts were considerably shorter than bouts used by cavernicolous bats, lasting a mean of 3.3 days, whereas arousals lasted on average 5.0 h. There was a significant correlation between roost temperature and length of the euthermic period and a larger proportion of bats aroused on warm days, suggesting big brown bats might be taking advantage of warm nights to forage, although evidence for winter feeding is ambiguous in this population. As has been recorded for other noncavernicolous bats during hibernation, most individuals took advantage of partial passive rewarming during some arousals. We estimate these passive arousals could save bats, on average, 96 mg of fat over the co...
Anions of the Hydrogen-Bonded Uracil Dimer. Ab Initio Theoretical Study

Theoretical ab initio calculations have been performed to determine the ability of the hydrogen-bonded uracil dimer to form stable anions. The major conclusions of this work are (i) three of the hydrogen-bonded conformers of the uracil dimer can form stable dipole-bound anions with excess electrons; (ii) uracil dimer can form a covalent anion that has a structure dissimilar from the structures of the neutral dimer; (iii) in the covalent uracil dimer anion the excess electron is localized on one of the uracil molecules and this molecule shows an out-of-plane distortion; (iv) the covalent uracil dimer anion is stable with respect to a vertical electron detachment, but at the level of theory (MP2) used in the calculations the anion is marginally unstable with respect to an adiabatic electron detachment.
Exploring Free Questionnaire Data with Anchor Variables: An Illustration Based on a Study of IT in Healthcare

This paper makes an important methodological contribution regarding the use of free questionnaires, illustrated through a study that shows that a healthcare professionalâ€™s propensity to use electronic communication technologies creates opportunities for interaction with other professionals, which would not otherwise be possible only via face-to-face interaction. This in turn appears to increase mutual trust, and eventually improve the quality of group outcomes. Free questionnaires are often used by healthcare information management researchers. They yield datasets without clear associations between constructs and related indicators. If such associations exist, they must first be uncovered so that indicators can be grouped within latent variables referring to constructs, and structural equation modeling analyses be conducted. A novel methodological contribution is made here through the proposal of an anchor variable approach to the analysis of free questionnaires. Unlike exploratory factor analyses, the approach relies on the researcherâ€™s semantic knowledge about the variables stemming from a free questionnaire. The use of the approach is demonstrated using the multivariate statistical analysis software WarpPLS 2.0. The study leads to a measurement model that passes comprehensive validity, reliability, and collinearity tests. It also appears to yield practically relevant and meaningful results.
Solution of Two-Point Boundary-Value Problems Using Lagrange Implicit Function Theorem

TWO-POINT boundary-value problems (TPBVPs) form an important ingredient in the solution of several multiphysics modeling and control analyses, including but not limited to guidance, navigation, and control problems of aerospace engineering. Several techniques to solve TPBVPs have been developed so far and the workhorse at the core of each has been Newton’s method (cf. Bryson and Ho [1]). In this Note, we present an implicit derivative Newton’s shooting method to solve a class of two-point boundary-value problems, most often encountered in the solution of optimal control problems. To motivate the developments of the paper, consider the optimal control problem
High-alpha application of variable-gain output feedback control

This paper describes a recently developed variable-gain, optimal, discrete, output feedback design approach that is applied in a nonlinear flight regime. The flight regime covers a wide angle-of-attack a range that includes the stall region. The paper contains brief descriptions of the variable-gain formulation, the discrete-control structure and flight equations used to apply the design approach, and the high-performance airplane model used in the application. Both linear and nonlinear analyses are shown for a longitudinal four-model integrated design case with a = 5, 15, 35, and 60 deg and two flight control modes. Nonlinear simulations show good time response for both a longitudinal pitch-up and pitch-down maneuver and a regulation within 5 deg from the nominal angle during a high-ex lateral maneuver.
Translational repression of a C. elegans Notch mRNA by the STAR/KH domain protein GLD-1.

In C. elegans , the Notch receptor GLP-1 is localized within the germline and early embryo by translational control of glp-1 mRNA. RNA elements in the glp-1 3′untranslated region (3′ UTR) are necessary for repression of glp-1 translation in germ cells, and for localization of translation to anterior cells of the early embryo. The direct regulators of glp-1 mRNA are not known. Here, we show that a 34 nucleotide region of the glp-1 3′ UTR contains two regulatory elements, an element that represses translation in germ cells and posterior cells of the early embryo, and an element that inhibits repressor activity to promote translation in the embryo. Furthermore, we show that the STAR/KH domain protein GLD-1 binds directly and specifically to the repressor element. Depletion of GLD-1 activity by RNA interference causes loss of endogenous glp-1 mRNA repression in early meiotic germ cells, and in posterior cells of the early embryo. Therefore, GLD-1 is a direct repressor of glp-1 translation at two developmental stages. These results suggest a new function for GLD-1 in regulating early embryonic asymmetry. Furthermore, these observations indicate that precise control of GLD-1 activity by other regulatory factors is important to localize this Notch receptor, and contributes to the spatial organization of Notch signaling.
Efficient numerical method for finding the initial response of quantum processes to changes in the potential

The time-dependent Schrodinger equation is solved for an electron with potentials of the form f1(r) + f2(r, t)U(t), where U(t) is the unit step function. We use a product formulation, solving for F(r, t) where the wave function Ψ(r, t) = F(r, t)Φ(r)e-iEt/h in which Φ(r)e-iEt/h is the solution for t < 0. A simple implementation of the product formulation that does not use absorbing boundary conditions and is explicit, without using split operators, is applied in two examples. The first example pertains to resonances in tunneling with square barriers when the barrier height varies sinusoidally with time. The initial response of quantum tunneling to oscillations in the barrier height shows a buildup for oscillations at the resonance frequency and an off-resonance response that diminishes to approach the steady-state solution after several cycles. The second example is the initial response of a hydrogen atom to an intense applied electric field. In both examples the response is delayed, and for tunneling particles the delay is approximately equal to the semiclassical value for the duration of barrier traversal, defined as the time for traversing the inverted barrier. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Successful Service-Learning Programs. New Models of Excellence in Higher Education.

About the Editor. Contributors. Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgments. 1. Introduction: A New Model of Excellence. 2. On the Shoulders of Giants: Building on a Tradition of Experimental Education at Augsburg College. 3. Curriculum and Community Connection: The Center for Service-Learning at Bates College. 4. Redrawing the Bottom Line: The Bentley Service-Learning Project. 5. Community College and Service-Learning: A Natural at Brevard Community College. 6. Rediscovering our Heritage: Community Service and the Historically Black University. 7. Communal Participatory Action Research & Strategic Academically Based Community Service: The Work of Penn's Center for Community Partnerships. 8. Comprehensive Design of Community Service: New Understanding, Options, and Vitality in Student Learning at Portland State University. 9. Making a Major Commitment: Public and Community Service at Providence College. 10. Santa Clara University's Eastside Project: A Pilgrimage Toward our own Humanity. 11. We Make the Road by Walking: Building Service-Learning in and out of the Curriculum at the University of Utah.
Do Entrepreneurship and High-Tech Concentration Create Jobs? Exploring the Growth in Employment in U.S. Metropolitan Areas From 1991 to 2007:

Technological concentration and innovation have been identified as important forces behind growth, and entrepreneurship has been recognized as an important link between new knowledge and economic g...
A navigation ontology for outdoor-indoor space: (work-in-progress)

People's daily lives are situated in both outdoor and indoor space. However, traditional GIS focuses only on outdoor space. Therefore, research on providing a unified model of the two spaces and making the navigation between and within them seamless is important. This study lays the ontological and formal foundations for a model of navigation in a unified outdoor and indoor space. Four levels of ontologies are under construction: upper ontology (being constructing by using and revising those concepts introduced in previous work), domain ontologies (structure ontologies of spaces), navigation task ontology, and application ontologies.
Ibutilide induced intraatrial Wenckebach periodicity in the neonatal canine heart.

PICKOFF, A.S., et al.: Ibutilide Induced Intraatrial Wenckebach Periodicity in the Neonatal Canine Heart. In nine anesthetized canine neonates, the high right atrium was paced at progressively shorter cycle lengths while recording high right atrial electrograms and left atrial appendage monophasic action potentials before and after the administration of the new Class III agent, ibutilide. Prior to ibutilide administration, 1:1 conduction was maintained from the high right atrium to the left atrial appendage at all paced cycle lengths, down to 160 ms. Following ibutilide, a pattern of intraatrial conduction was observed in two of nine neonates at a cycle length of 160 ms that was consistent with the development of intraatrial Wenckebach periodicity. This represents one of the only demonstrations of drug induced intraatrial Wenckebach periodicity in vivo and suggests that this rarely reported form of atrial conduction block might play a role in ibutilide's clinical efficacy against atrial arrhythmias.
Tuition Reimbursement for Special Education Students

The spring 1996 issue of The Future of Children on special education reviewed the legislative and litigation history of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). This Revisiting article examines the impact of the two U.S. Supreme Court cases setting forth school districts’ responsibility to reimburse parents of students with disabilities for private school tuition under certain circumstances. An extensive examination of published cases reveals that the number of cases litigated has increased but that the courts are no more likely to decide in favor of parents than they were before the Supreme Court rulings.
Keys to a Successful Student‐Centered Classroom: Three Recommendations

Hoskinson, A.-M., Barger, N. N., & Martin, A. P. (2014). Keys to a Successful Student-Centered Classroom: Three Recommendations. The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, 95(3), 281-292. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9623-95.3.281
Retrospective Analysis of Carboplatin and Paclitaxel as Initial Second-Line Therapy for Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma: Application Toward a Dynamic Disease State Model of Ovarian Cancer

PURPOSE: The majority of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) who achieve a complete remission with front-line chemotherapy develop recurrent disease. Carboplatin and paclitaxel are used for patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent disease, although there is little information regarding the response and survival in unselected patients treated with this strategy. We sought to determine the outcomes for patients with EOC treated with carboplatin and paclitaxel at the time of first recurrence. In addition, we sought to define a new paradigm for disease transition in patients with EOC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-nine patients were identified who had a complete response to front-line platinum-based chemotherapy for EOC, relapsed 6 months after completion of front-line chemotherapy, and were treated with carboplatin and paclitaxel as second-line therapy. RESULTS: Eighty-four cases were available for analysis of survival end points, and 66 were assessable for response. The median follow-up was 27 mo...
A laser-assisted infrared scanning technique for evaluating bonded connections on beam lead microcircuits.

An argon ion laser and an ir microscope have been combined to function as a unique combination for non-destructively testing the quality of bonded connections in microcircuits of the beam lead type. A microcircuit is heated with the focused beam from the laser and scanned with the microscope to determine the temperature pattern. Nonbonded microcircuits, poorly bonded microcircuits, and a multiplicity of adjacent poorly bonded leads have been detected by using this scanner. Preliminary results have indicated that a single nonbonded connection in an array of well bonded connections may be detected. An analytical check by computer analysis demonstrates the validity of the experimental data.
Self-replication of chemical systems based on recognition within a double or a triple helix: a realistic hypothesis.

A scenario is proposed for the non-enzymatic self-replication of short RNA molecules. The self-replication of an oligopyrimidine strand is considered and the process of template-directed synthesis based on recognition within a double helix is discussed. Replication mechanisms are suggested for selected oligonucleotides. The mechanisms are based on Watson-Crick base pairing between complementary nucleotides as well as Hoogsteen base pairing between a duplex and the complementary third strand. It is suggested that self-replication based on these mechanisms may be accomplished but may result in a substantial amount of misinformation transfer when mixed oligonucleotides are used.
Individual campaign contributions and candidate ideology

Individual citizens are the largest source of contributions for congressional candidates in the United States. This paper investigates if and how fundraising from this source is related to the ideological positions of candidates. Specifically, we ask whether the amount of contributions depends on: (1) the extremity of candidate ideology; and (2) the level of candidate divergence in the same race. These results have important implications for candidate positioning strategies, as well as for evaluating the effects of recent campaign finance reforms.
Influence of the shielding gas internal bore welding

As the authors welded with a small focus distance in a small area, the shielding gas performed the following new functions: heat removal, optics shielding, and liquid metal shielding. Therefore, the gas usually used in laser welding (He, N2, Ar, or a mixture) was compared, with and without a small percentage of oxygen. The benefit influence of a small percentage of oxygen has been demonstrated for the three aimed points, but also an important and beneficial effect on the weldshape has been show; i.e., with the same welding speed value and the same welding energy value the weld penetration can be increased from 0.5 mm up to 2 mm (only by optimization of the gas composition with a small amount of oxygen).
Redefining the American Revolutionary: Gabriela Mistral on José Martí

AbstractThis essay criticizes the historical investment of Marti's readers in a discourse that values conservative, sexually unambiguous femininity and masculinity. The essay grapples with the vituperative register of Jose Marti's misogyny in order to reveal another version of the American revolutionary. Drawing on one of his earliest feminist critics, Gabriela Mistral, I show how corporeal tropes in Marti's rhetoric betray instances of empathy with emerging alternative practices of femininity and masculinity. Assisted by Mistral's overlooked and overtly gendered critique, this essay limns a tropical Marti — an embodied, sensual, demonumentalized poet who plays with language. In readings of Mistral's several essays devoted to Marti, the essay shows how Mistral's Marti represents an alternative to the heroic masculinism and violent militarism of a longstanding revolutionary American tradition.
POT1 proteins in green algae and land plants: DNA-binding properties and evidence of co-evolution with telomeric DNA

Telomeric DNA terminates with a single-stranded 3′ G-overhang that in vertebrates and fission yeast is bound by POT1 (Protection Of Telomeres). However, no in vitro telomeric DNA binding is associated with Arabidopsis POT1 paralogs. To further investigate POT1–DNA interaction in plants, we cloned POT1 genes from 11 plant species representing major branches of plant kingdom. Telomeric DNA binding was associated with POT1 proteins from the green alga Ostreococcus lucimarinus and two flowering plants, maize and Asparagus. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that several residues critical for telomeric DNA recognition in vertebrates are functionally conserved in plant POT1 proteins. However, the plant proteins varied in their minimal DNA-binding sites and nucleotide recognition properties. Green alga POT1 exhibited a strong preference for the canonical plant telomere repeat sequence TTTAGGG with no detectable binding to hexanucleotide telomere repeat TTAGGG found in vertebrates and some plants, including Asparagus. In contrast, POT1 proteins from maize and Asparagus bound TTAGGG repeats with only slightly reduced affinity relative to the TTTAGGG sequence. We conclude that the nucleic acid binding site in plant POT1 proteins is evolving rapidly, and that the recent acquisition of TTAGGG telomere repeats in Asparagus appears to have co-evolved with changes in POT1 DNA sequence recognition.
Herpes simplex virus as a tool to define the role of complement in the immune response to peripheral infection.

Abstract A complex network of interactions exist between the innate and adaptive immune pathways, which act together to elicit a broad and durable host response following pathogen infection. The importance of the complement system in the host’s defense against viruses has become increasingly clear as a result of detailed studies using transgenic mouse models that disrupt specific components of this host immune mechanism. We have utilized herpes simplex virus and replication-defective mutant strains to examine the impact of the complement system on development and maintenance of humoral immune responses. Here we review work from our group and others that highlights the central role that complement proteins C3 and C4 and complement receptors Cr1/Cr2 play during viral infection. We discuss the implications of these results in the context of pathogen infection and current vaccine strategies.
Influence of cholinergic modifiers on phencyclidine-induced acute toxicity.

Summary The effects of pretreatment with mecamylamine (ME), hexamethonium (C-6), d-tubocurarine (DTC), atropine (AT), muscarinic agents 5-methylfurmethide (5-MFT) and O-ethylcholine (EtCh), physostigmine (PH) and cholineacetyltransferase inhibitors 2-benzoyl ethyltrimethylammonium (BETA) and N-naphthylvinylpyridine (NVP) were studied on the lethal action of phencyclidine (PCP) in male Swiss mice. The LD50 of PCP (237 μmol/kg, i.p.) significantly increased by 19% and 10% in ME (14.9 μmol/kg) and PH (0.08 μmol/kg) pretreated groups, respectively. The combined ME and PH pretreatment potentiated the survival of the mice. C-6 (7.3 μmol/kg), DTC (0.11 μmol/kg), AT (14.4 μmol/kg), 5-MFT (1.4 μmol/kg), EtCh (1.7 μmol/kg), BETA (88 μmol/kg) or NVP (74.7 μmol/kg) pretreatment had no significant effect on the LD50 of PCP. However, peripheral parasympathetic effects (defecation, urination, salivation, and lacrimation) of 5-MFT and EtCH in mice were abolished by PCP. Furthermore, low doses of PCP potentiated the peripheral signs in animals pretreated with 5-MFT or EtCh which, however, were abolished by higher doses of PCP. In vivo , administration of PCP was found to have no effect on brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity. These observations have indicated the possibility of central cholinergic mediation during acute toxicity of PCP.
Wavelets for electronics structure calculations

ABSTRACT We report on wavelet compression of a 1-D prototype benchmark problem of sufficient complexity to capture the features of 3-D quantum electronics structure calculations. These problems have a multi-scale character through the presence of a set of singularities corresponding to atomic nuclei. Theoretical estimates of asymptotic decay across scales are derived and verified numerically. In addition, we study the effects of the location ofsingularity on the accuracy of the compression and on scaling. 1 INTRODUCTION The methods used in computational chemistry for the determination of molecular electronic structure arefundamentally 3-D, or in some cases, 6-D and higher. These problems have a multi-scale character through thepresence of a set of point singularities corresponding to the atomic nuclei, whose locations are known. There aremany indications both of a physical and mathematical nature to suggest that this problem could be effectively solved within a multiresolution analysis (MRA) framework.
Prejudiced, historical witness, and responsible: Collective memory and liminality in the Beit Hashoah museum of tolerance

In terms of collective memory, few issues match the import of the representation of the Holocaust and the ways in which such collective memory is presented is often fraught with controversy. A recent controversial site of memory is the Simon Wiesenthal Center's Museum of Tolerance in Los Angeles. This essay examines the representational strategies of the museum, arguing that its critics have failed to consider important aspects of the museum's representational practices. Specifically, the museum's representation of the Holocaust involves liminality, structured to engage audiences, preserving the Holocaust as a profoundly important historical event while emphasizing personal responsibility in the prevention of hatred, violence, and genocide. By exploring the museum's novel approach of leading visitors through breach, liminality, and reintegration, we may better understand the ways in which historical presentations can accentuate a liminal and thus a potentially significant experience with the past, and we ...
A Novel UWB Monopole Antenna With Tunable Notched Behavior Using Varactor Diode

This letter presents a novel ultrawideband (UWB) antenna with tunable notched band. The antenna is assembled on an FR4 substrate with thickness of 0.8 mm and er = 4.4. By inserting a π-shaped slot on the radiating patch, band-notch function is achieved. By loading the slot with lumped varactor, tunability of the created notch would be possible. Based on this technique, an electronically controlled notched-band antenna is designed and fabricated including a single varactor diode with a varying capacitance value of 0.63-2.67 pF. Using the cited varactor, notched band tunability of 2.7-7.2 GHz is obtained.
Prospective randomized controlled trial of rabbit antithymocyte globulin compared with IL-2 receptor antagonist induction therapy in kidney transplantation.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of induction with rabbit antithymocyte globulin (RATG) compared with interleukin-2 receptor antagonists in a racially diverse kidney transplant patient population under modern immunosuppression. Background The optimal induction therapy in patients at risk for rejection, particularly black recipients, in the modern era of immunosuppression with flow cytometry-based cross-matching is unclear. Methods This was a prospective, risk-stratified, randomized, single-center, open-label study of 200 consecutively enrolled patients in a large academic teaching center. Patients were randomized to receive either daclizumab or basiliximab versus RATG for induction in combination with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroids. Patients were stratified between groups to ensure equal numbers of black, retransplants, high panel reactive antibodies (PRAs) (>20%), and prolonged cold ischemic times (>24 hours) in each group. Primary outcome measure is treatment efficacy defined as the incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection and estimated creatinine clearance. Patients were followed up for 12 months. Renal transplant recipients were included if they were adult (≥18 years old) and received an allograft from a deceased, living unrelated, or nonhuman leukocyte antigen identical living-related donor. Results A total of 200 patients (n = 98 in the interleukin-2 receptor antagonists, and n = 102 in the RATG) were enrolled from February 2009 through July 2011. One-year acute rejection rates were low and similar between groups (10% in the interleukin-2 receptor antagonist group vs 6% in the RATG group; P = 0.30). Creatinine clearance was also similar between groups (interleukin-2 receptor antagonist group 56 ± 20 mL/min per 1.73 m2 vs RATG group 55 ± 22 mL/min per 1.73 m2; P = 0.73). Subanalysis of recipient race revealed that in blacks only RATG was protective against 6- and 12-month acute rejection, without an increased risk of infection. Induction did not affect rejection rates according to recipient calculated PRAs; however, RATG was associated with an increased risk of BK virus in low-PRA patients. Conclusions and relevance RATG induction provides improved protection against early acute rejection in black renal transplant recipients, whereas sensitized patients do not seem to demonstrate a similar benefit from this therapy. This study is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00859131).
Analysis of Pumping Requirements for Microchannel Cooling Systems

Large pressure drops, and the associated pumping requirements, are often considered the most critical factor hindering widespread commercial use of microchannel heat sinks. Analytical methods are used in the present work to arrive at the pumping requirements for any given microchannel heat sink. A graphical method to check the suitability of a pump to a microchannel heat sink application has been devised. The size of the microchannels is also optimized so that for a specified heat removal rate, the pumping requirements are minimized. A number of commercially available pumps as well as several micropumps presented in the literature are compared based on their flow rate, pressure head and physical size to assess their suitability for a specific representative cooling application.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Effective number of degrees of freedom of partially coherent sources

Orthogonal expansion of a partially coherent source with a given cross-spectral density W is used to define an effective number N of degrees of freedom and an effective number N of uncorrelated random variables characterizing the source. Relations N⩽N≡Tr W/λ0⩽(Tr W/∥W∥)2=Ve/Vce are established and discussed. Here Tr W, ‖W‖, and λ0 are, respectively, the trace, the norm, and the largest eigenvalue of W used as the kernel of a homogeneous Fredholm equation; Ve is an effective volume of the source; and Vce is its effective coherence volume. The main results are illustrated by a Gaussian Schell-model source.
Geological evidence for post–40 m.y. B.P. large-scale northwestward displacement of part of southeastern Alaska

The Leech River complex on southern Vancouver Island and schistose rocks on southern Baranof Island have very similar geologic histories. Both were derived from probable Upper Jurassic–Cretaceous terrigenous clastic rocks and minor associated volcanogenic rocks and chert. Each underwent (1) at least two penetrative deformations locally involving folding, disruption, and transposition of thinly layered sequences, and (2) synkinematic, low-pressure, Buchan-type metamorphism. Progressive metamorphic zones ranging from greenschist to amphibolite facies are related to granitic intrusive bodies. Deformation, metamorphism, and intrusion culminated about 40 to 42 m.y. ago. Apparently, these units, now separated by more than 1,100 km, were once contiguous and lay at least as far south as the latitude of southern Vancouver Island. Shortly after 40 m.y. B.P., the allochthonous Leech River complex was emplaced at the southern edge of Vancouver Island, and the schists of Baranof Island and perhaps the entire Chugach terrane began their long northwestward journey along a system of dextral transcurrent faults.
Asymptotic tests of composite hypotheses for non-ergodic type stochastic processes

Abstract Limiting distributions of a score statistic and the likelihood ratio statistic for testing a composite hypothesis involving several parameters in non-ergodic type stochastic processes are obtained. It is shown that, unlike in the usual theory (ergodic type processes), the limiting distributions of these statistics are different both under the null and a contiguous sequence of alternative hypotheses. The results are applied to a regression model with explosive autoregressive Gaussian errors. In the discussion of this example a modified score statistic is suggested where the limiting null and non-null distributions are the same as those of the likelihood ratio statistic.
Effects and Interaction of Phenotype and Rearing Density on Growth and Fin Erosion in Rainbow Trout

Abstract Intensively reared rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss that receive formulated feed frequently exhibit torn, ragged, and eroded fins. To better understand the factors affecting fin erosion, two rainbow trout phenotypes (albino and pigmented) were reared to verify reports that albino rainbow trout suffer less dorsal fin erosion than do pigmented fish. A 12-month study was conducted to evaluate the effects of phenotype, rearing density, and the phenotype × density interaction on fin erosion. Extremes in rearing density were tested using group rearing (maximum density = 200 fish/tank) and individual rearing as the treatments. To evaluate interactive effects of phenotype, rainbow trout were reared either in mixed populations (MPs) containing equal proportions of albino and pigmented fish or in separate populations (SPs) containing only albino or pigmented individuals. Group rearing treatments were each applied to three tanks at 200 first-feeding fish/tank. Eight albino and eight pigmented fish were rea...
Factors associated with downgrading in patients with high grade prostate cancer

Abstract Objective To determine the factors associated with downgrading between biopsy and prostatectomy in the contemporary era using extended-template biopsy techniques. Materials and methods The UCSF Urologic Oncology Database was used to identify subjects diagnosed with high grade prostate cancer (primary pattern 4 or 5) in at least one core on extended-pattern biopsy. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors associated with downgrading at radical prostatectomy, defined as a change from primary pattern 4 or 5 to primary pattern 3. Results Downgrading occurred in 68 (34%) of 202 subjects who met the study criteria. Fourteen (47%) of 30 subjects with ≤25% of cores that were high grade and 9 (43%) of 21 subjects with P P P = 0.01) were significantly associated with lower odds of downgrading. Conclusions Downgrading following radical prostatectomy is a common event. Biopsy over-grading may preclude men from active surveillance or lead to unnecessary lymphadenectomy, excess radiation, or prolonged hormone therapy. The proportion of positive biopsy cores that are high grade and the percent of total tissue containing cancer should be incorporated into decision making.
A wafer-to-wafer alignment technique

Abstract A simple, inexpensive and reliable wafer-to-wafer alignment technique is presented for use in the fabrication of microsensors and microactuators. The technique provides ±5 μm alignment precision and requires no special optical or mechanical fixtures.
Urethral Meatotomy in the Office Using Topical EMLA Cream for Anesthesia

AbstractPurpose: We determined the effectiveness of lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA*) topical cream for anesthesia during urethral meatotomy performed in an office setting.*Astra USA, Inc., Westboro, Massachusetts.Materials and Methods: Meatotomy was performed in 58 patients 1 hour after topical application of EMLA cream to the glans.Results: Of the 58 patients 55 had no pain, while early in our experience 3 had limited discomfort because EMLA cream was applied in too small a volume or it became dislodged. Results have been good in 57 patients, while partial restenosis developed in 1.Conclusions: Urethral meatotomy in an office setting with EMLA cream for anesthesia is generally painless, well tolerated, successful and cost-effective versus operative meatotomy.
A solar-powered 280mV-to-1.2V wide-operating-range IA-32 processor

Aggressive power supply scaling into the near-threshold voltage (NTV) region holds great promise for applications with strict energy budgets. In the NTV regime, the supply voltage is at or near the switching voltage (V r ) of the transistors. In this region, energy savings on the order of 5x−10x can be realized. This paper summarizes results from application of NTV techniques to a 32-bit Intel Architecture (IA) core in an effort to quantify and overcome the barriers that have historically relegated ultralow-voltage operation to niche markets. The superscalar IA-32 processor core demonstrates reliable ultra-low voltage operation and energy efficient performance across the wide operating range of 280mV to 1.2V. Starting at 1.2V and 915MHz, core voltage and performance scales down to 280mV and 3MHz, reducing total core power consumption from 737mW to merely 2mW. Minimum energy operation is achieved in near-threshold region with the total energy reaching minima of 170pJ/cycle at 0.45V, validating 4.7X improvement in energy efficiency.
Early-to-mid gestation fetal testosterone increases right hand 2D:4D finger length ratio in polycystic ovary syndrome-like monkeys.

A smaller length ratio for the second relative to the fourth finger (2D∶4D) is repeatedly associated with fetal male-typical testosterone (T) and is implicated as a biomarker for a variety of traits and susceptibility to a number of diseases, but no experimental human studies have been performed. The present study utilizes the rhesus monkey, a close relative of humans, and employs discrete gestational exposure of female monkeys to fetal male-typical T levels for 15–35 days during early-to-mid (40–76 days; n = 7) or late (94–139 days; n = 7) gestation (term: 165 days) by daily subcutaneous injection of their dams with 10 mg T propionate. Such gestational exposures are known to enhance male-typical behavior. In this study, compared to control females (n = 19), only early-to-mid gestation T exposure virilizes female external genitalia while increasing 2D∶4D ratio in the right hand (RH) by male-like elongation of RH2D. RH2D length and 2D∶4D positively correlate with androgen-dependent anogenital distance (AG), and RH2D and AG positively correlate with duration of early-to-mid gestation T exposure. Male monkeys (n = 9) exhibit a sexually dimorphic 2D∶4D in the right foot, but this trait is not emulated by early-to-mid or late gestation T exposed females. X-ray determined phalanx measurements indicate elongated finger and toe phalanx length in males, but no other phalanx-related differences. Discrete T exposure during early-to-mid gestation in female rhesus monkeys thus appears to increase RH2D∶4D through right-side biased, non-skeletal tissue growth. As variation in timing and duration of gestational T exposure alter male-like dimensions of RH2D independently of RH4D, postnatal RH2D∶4D provides a complex biomarker for fetal T exposure.
First-order higher curvature supergravities and effective theories of strings

Abstract A first-order formulation of higher curvature supergravities in the group manifold approach leads to non-trivial torsion equations. In second-order form the resulting Lagrangians exhibit a non-polynomial structure in the curvatures of the basic fields, as well as in the supersymmetry variations. The relevance of these results for the search of superstring compactification is pointed out. The Chapline-Manton Lagrangian is recovered in first-order form and the supersymmetric completion of Chern-Simons terms in five and ten dimensions is considered.
SOME FACTORS FOR TUBERIZATION IN THE POTATO PLANT

LITTLE IS KNOWN about the factors which determine tuber formation in the potato and in other tuberous plants. Most of the work with potatoes has dealt with the finding of conditions under which the plant produces its maximum yield, breeding new varieties for yield and disease resistance, and with studies dealing with the tuber itself. Several authors (Dostal, 1945; Deusse, 1947) have postulated the existence of a specific, hormone-like, transmissible factor for tuberization. Doposzheg-Uhlar (1911) attempted the isolation of a substance of the above nature from Gloxinia, but without conclusive results. On the other hand, others have suggested that tuber formation is a matter of surplus carbohydrates formed by the potato plant. (Driver and Hawkes, 1943; Arthur et al., 1930.) Bernard (1902) attempted to show that tuberization is brought about by the symbiotic relationships of the plant and a fungus. At present this fungal theory has not been entirely discarded.
Increased transforming growth factor-α levels in human colon carcinoma cell lines over-expressing protein kinase C

Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is synthesized as a membrane-bound precursor protein, pro-TGF-alpha, that is converted to a soluble form by 2 endoproteolytic cleavages. Several factors have been implicated in the regulation of the second rate-limiting step, including protein kinase C (PKC). Earlier results indicated a potential role for the conventional class of PKC isozymes in the observed increase in TGF-alpha in the conditioned media of 2 human colon carcinoma cell lines. The present study addresses the potential role of specific PKC isozymes in this process using sense and anti-sense expression vectors for PKC isozymes. Two human colon carcinoma cell lines, HCT 116 and GEO, were transfected with plasmids, leading to the over-expression of PKC-alpha, -betaI or -betaII; and the secretion of TGF-alpha into the conditioned medium was determined. Over-expression of either PKC-betaI or PKC-betaII in these cell lines enhanced the levels of TGF-alpha in the media 2- to 5-fold. Over-expression of PKC-alpha did not alter the amount of TGF-alpha in the media to a significant extent. Transfection of HCT 116 cells with the anti-sense PKC-betaI cDNA resulted in a reduction in PKC-betaI protein expression. This was accompanied by a decrease in the amount of TGF-alpha in the conditioned media. Our results indicate that modulation of PKC-beta protein levels alters the amount of TGF-alpha found in the conditioned media from these colon carcinoma cells.