cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gender Wording, Sex, and Response to Items on Achievement Value

Summary.-Research on the effects of question-wording in survey research has shown that response patterns are affected by minor changes in wording. A special case of wording effects on perception and response occurs in sex-role research where evidence indicates that generic "man" is perceived as gender "man." Contrary to these findings, a 1977 experiment with 437 college students responding to items from Rosen and Strodtbeck's scale for achievement value showed that variation in gender-wording had little effect on response patterns. The effect of question-wording on response pattern has been a longstanding concern in survey research. It has been generally recognized that relatively minor changes in wording of items could result in appreciable differences in the marginal distributions (Schuman & Presser, 1777). A special and important issue of the effects of question-wording emerges for scales in which some items utilize the masculine noun in a manner that could be taken as either generic or gender. Such use occurs in the Srole anomia scale, the Dean Alienation scale, the Adorno F-Scale (see Robinson & Shaver, 1773) and in the achievement value scale used by Rosen ( 1756, 1757). Recent applications of the later scale (Lueptow, 1975, in press) have demonstrated the problems posed by gender-wording. In both studies, unexpected findings of higher scores on achievement value for females than for males were obtained. Given the use of generic "man" in two of these items, it was possible these scores reflected feminine assumptions or attributions of masculine achievement rather than self-relevant achievement response. The present experiment was designed to provide evidence on the effect of the use of generic "man" in such applications by substituting neuter and feminine wording in the relevant items of the scales. If the original findings were consequences of the use of the generic "man," reduction of scores for achievement value would be expected among females responding to neuter items. The effect of the feminine form was also examined to provide empirical closure even though feminine nouns and pronouns have never been treated as generic. The content of this analysis has relevance both to the effect of - in surveys and to the question of the perception of generic
Cardiovascular Collapse in the Pregnant Patient, Rescue Transesophageal Echocardiography and Open Heart Surgery.

ANESTHESIOLOGISTS with a practice in obstetrics must be acutely aware of the differential diagnosis of maternal cardiovascular collapse during pregnancy. The overall risk of maternal death is 6.5 in 100,000 deliveries and typically occurs in the third trimester. Deaths in the first and second trimesters are rare. The most common etiologies include pre-eclampsia (16%), amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) (14%), hemorrhage (12%), cardiac disease (11%), and pulmonary thromboembolism (9%). Less common etiologies include infection, medication error, and ectopic pregnancy. There is great difficulty in distinguishing between these disorders as they may have similar clinical presentations including hypoxia, cardiovascular lability, bleeding, and neurologic manifestations such as mental status changes and seizures. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) may help guide the diagnosis and management of cardiopulmonary collapse in pregnant patients. The authors present a case of a 37-year-old female who was admitted for intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD), which was complicated by cardiovascular collapse necessitating cardiac surgery. Consent for this report was obtained from the patient.
Safety Measures for AGC of Longtan Hydropower Station

The main target of AGC for hydropower stations is to distribute power among units by a safe and effective method on the basis of requirements of the upstream incoming water of the reservoir or the electric grid and in consideration of the operation restrictions of power plants and units.With the large capacity generators of Guangxi Longtan Hydropower Station as an example,the safety policies of AGC,such as function restrictions,boundary condition and protection relay locking are expatiated in detail.The result illustrated in this paper will benefit the future testing and operation of huge hydropower Stations' AGC.
Protein fingerprinting for the determination of relatedness in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subspecies anitratus isolated from patients in a surgical intensive care unit.

The use of protein fingerprinting for the establishment of relatedness among isolates of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subspecies anitratus, isolated from patients in a surgical intensive care unit was examined. Poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the cellular proteins from whole cell lysates of 14 intensive care unit A calcoaceticus subspecies anitratus isolates and 11 control strains. Antimicrobial susceptibilities and plasmid profiles were also determined for all isolates. All intensive care unit A calcoaceticus subspecies anitratus isolates exhibited identical cellular protein fingerprints, no detectable plasmids, and minimum inhibitory concentrations within ±1 log2 dilution of the mode value for each of the antimicrobial agents tested. The other clinical isolates demonstrated a range of antimicrobial susceptibilities, various numbers and sizes of plasmids, and distinctly different protein fingerprints. These data indicate that protein fingerprinting may be useful as an epidemiologic tool in A calcoaceticus subspecies anitratus outbreaks and this method deserves further study.
Transport and magnetic properties of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ Br y single crystals

Deoxygenated nonsuperconducting ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6.2}$ (YBCO) single crystals have been doped with Br. The resulting crystals become superconducting with ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$\ensuremath{\sim}92 K, \ensuremath{\Delta}${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$\ensuremath{\sim}1.0 K as determined by four-point-probe resistivity measurements. The resistivity in our best sample decreases linearly with temperature. The large ratio in the resistivity at 300 K of the brominated to the pristine YBCO single crystals (\ensuremath{\sim}35:1) suggests that bromination greatly increases the scattering rate. The upper critical field ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{c}2}$(T) parallel and perpendicular to the ab plane is determined resistively. ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{c}2}$(0) and the corresponding coherence lengths ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\mathit{a}\mathit{b}}$(0) and ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\mathit{c}}$(0) are estimated. A comparison with the fully oxygenated YBCO single crystals shows that ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\mathit{a}\mathit{b}}$(0) remains approximately the same, whereas ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\mathit{c}}$(0) decreases by a factor of \ensuremath{\sim}3, suggesting that Br never enters the ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ planes. The pinning energy for vortex motion in the ab plane decreases after bromination and this decrease can be attributed to the increased anisotropy. For vortex motion along the c axis, however, the pinning energy decreases or increases depending on temperature and field. Compared with the fully oxygenated YBCO single crystals, the critical current density is suppressed by bromination and is strongly dependent on the applied magnetic field. The reduced lower critical field ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{c}1}$ in the brominated YBCO single crystals indicates a reduction in the carrier density (by a factor of between 2 and 3), which is consistent with the observed reduction in the plasma frequency.
Narrative Theory, Intelligibility and the Good Life

Philosophical discussion of the importance of narrative has blossomed during the past several decades, propelled by Alasdair MacIntyre’s insightful work in After Virtue. MacIntyre argues that without some narrative structure, the lives and actions of individuals will be lacking in intelligibility. Actions and events need to be formulated as episodes in a narrative to have meaning, whether for us individually or for social groups. At its most ambitious, narrative theory claims that persons simply are narrative constructions or are constituted through narrative. The more modest view holds that people typically view their lives through the prism of stories and doing so is advantageous in diverse ways. The position taken in the book falls in between these two extremes: narrative is needed for self-understanding, decision-making and social interaction.
Sparse aperture mask wavefront sensor testbed results

Coronagraphic exoplanet detection at very high contrast requires the estimation and control of low-order wave- front aberrations. At Princeton High Contrast Imaging Lab (PHCIL), we are working on a new technique that integrates a sparse-aperture mask (SAM) with a shaped pupil coronagraph (SPC) to make precise estimates of these low-order aberrations. We collect the starlight rejected from the coronagraphic image plane and interfere it using a sparse aperture mask (SAM) at the relay pupil to estimate the low-order aberrations. In our previous work we numerically demonstrated the efficacy of the technique, and proposed a method to sense and control these differential aberrations in broadband light. We also presented early testbed results in which the SAM was used to sense pointing errors. In this paper, we will briefly overview the SAM wavefront sensor technique, explain the design of the completed testbed, and report the experimental estimation results of the dominant low-order aberrations such as tip/tit, astigmatism and focus.
The Hydrogen Atom in a New Light

It is well known that lasers and coherent light techniques have revolutionized high resolution spectroscopy. Today we have at our disposal a powerful arsenal of techniques which can overcome the Doppler broadening of spectral lines, achieving ever higher spectral resolution.1 At Stanford, we have long been fascinated by the prospects of applying such tools to atomic hydrogen.2 As the simplest of the stable atoms, hydrogen permits unique confrontations between experiment and quantum electrodynamic theory. After briefly reviewing past spectroscopic studies of hydrogen, we will report on some recent experimental advances which have opened the door to dramatic future improvements in resolution, creating unprecedented opportunities for precision measurements of fundamental constants and for stringent tests of basic physics laws.
Toward a Single-Dose Vaccination Strategy with Self-Encapsulating PLGA Microspheres

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres have been widely examined for vaccine applications due to their attractive features of biocompatibility, biodegradability, ability to be internalized by antigen-presenting cells, and long-term antigen release. However, one of the major challenges for PLGA particle vaccines is the potential for antigen instability and loss of antigenicity and immunogenicity. To address this challenge, we have developed a new method of "self-healing" encapsulation in PLGA microspheres, where pre-made PLGA microspheres are loaded with protein antigens under aqueous conditions with minimal impact on their antigenicity and immunogenicity. In this report, we show that mice immunized with self-encapsulating PLGA microspheres in a prime-boost regimen generated significantly enhanced antigen-specific CD8α+ T cell and antibody responses, compared with mice immunized with free, soluble protein admixed with calcium phosphate gel, a widely used adjuvant. Furthermore, a single-dose of microspheres designed for >40 day sustained antigen release elicited robust cellular and humoral immune responses as efficiently as the prime-boost vaccinations with calcium phosphate gel. Overall, these results suggest excellent potential of our self-encapsulating PLGA microspheres as a vaccine platform for multiple-dose as well as single-dose vaccinations.
Interaction between ADH1B*3 and alcohol-facilitating social environments in alcohol behaviors among college students of african descent

Background and objectives Although alcohol-facilitating social environmental factors, such as alcohol offers and high perceived peer drinking norms, have been extensively studied as determinants of college drinking, their role among college students of African descent remains understudied. Furthermore, gene-environment interaction research suggests that the effects of alcohol-facilitating environments may differ as a function of genetic factors. Specifically, the alcohol dehydrogenase gene's ADH1B*3 allele, found almost exclusively in persons of African descent, may modulate the association of risky social environments with alcohol behaviors. The current study examined whether the ADH1B*3 allele attenuated the relationship between alcohol-facilitating environments (ie, alcohol offers and perceived peer drinking norms) and alcohol behaviors. Method Participants were 241 undergraduate students who self-identified as being of African descent (mean age = 20 years [SD = 4.11]; 66% female). Results Significant interaction effects of ADH1B*3 with alcohol offers were found on alcohol use frequency (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.14) and on drinking consequences (IRR = 1.21). ADH1B*3 also interacted with perceived peer norms on drinking consequences (IRR = 1.41). Carriers of the ADH1B*3 allele drank less frequently and experienced fewer negative consequences than non-carriers when exposed to lower levels of alcohol offers and perceived peer drinking. In contrast, in high alcohol-facilitating environments, no protective genetic effect was observed. Discussion and conclusion This study demonstrates that ADH1B*3 may protect college students of African descent against alcohol outcomes, although only in low alcohol-facilitating environments. Scientific significance Findings add to the growing body of knowledge regarding genetic and social determinants of alcohol behaviors among college students of African descent. (Am J Addict 2017;26:349-356).
Magnetic resonance techniques for real-time assessment of thermal treatment

This paper reviews the application of MRI as a non-invasive technique for accessing temperature in thermal therapies. Two MR parameters, T1 relaxation and proton resonance frequency (PRF), have shown temperature sensitivity that is measurable with MRI. A third temperature dependent parameter associated with the self-diffusion of water, referred to as the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), is not intrinsic to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), but can be measured using MRI. These three parameters have been useful for quantitatively mapping temperature distributions in vivo. Each requires a tailored imaging technique. Each has pros and cons with regard to a given application. At this point in the development of MR image guided temperature mapping, the PRF shift technique is preferable, particularly with regard to non-invasive thermal ablation procedures. This approach has problems with stability and motion in procedures that require heating for extended time periods. Further development of MRI thermometry is required for long duration procedures.
Assessment of geospatial technologies for natural resource management in Florida.

At a time when growing populations are taxing the earth’s resources as never before, natural resource managers and users are discovering the power of geospatial technologies. These evolving technologies, once expensive and exclusive to domains of researchers and scientists, are now the choice of local, state, and national resource managers around the globe. This research presents the results of a preliminary survey of benefits and limitations of geospatial technologies for natural resources applications in the state of Florida. The survey was sent to users and producers of relevant geospatial technologies applicable to natural resource management. Results from 134 respondents show that 98% of the organizations surveyed still conduct field surveys for data collection, monitoring, and inventories, while 88% of those organizations develop maps to summarize and visualize their data. Approximately 87% of the surveyed organizations use one or many types of geospatial technologies to collect, visualize, integrate, or interpret their information about natural resources with the most common technologies being aerial imagery, geographic information systems, and global positioning systems, followed by topographic maps and satellite imagery. However, there were also some available technologies in which their capabilities were little known or appreciated by these organizations such as terrestrial light detection and ranging and integrated mapping technology. These results will serve as a source of information regarding how geospatial technologies are used in Florida and their current real or perceived limitations. The study is also important for educational institutions and producers to provide appropriate training for basic technologies and to encourage users to integrate the latest and cost-effective geospatial technologies efficiently.
Effect of Weight Gain and Weight Loss on In Vivo Colonocyte Proliferation Rate in People with Obesity

Objective To evaluate the effects of diet-induced changes in energy balance and body weight on in vivo colonocyte fractional proliferation rates (FPR) in people with obesity. Methods In vivo colonocyte FPR was assessed in 31 men and women with obesity (BMI: 35.4 ± 4.0 kg/m2, age: 52.6 ± 8.9 years) before and after diet-induced weight loss, weight gain, or weight maintenance. Subjects ingested aliquots of 2H2O (heavy water) daily for 4 to 7 days, followed by flexible sigmoidoscopy with colon biopsies to assess the incorporation of 2H into the DNA of dividing colonocytes. Results Colonocyte FPR averaged 12.7% ± 3.8% per day and correlated directly with intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) volume (r = 0.364, P = 0.044). Colonocyte FPR decreased in the weight loss group, did not change in the weight maintenance group, and increased in the weight gain group. The change in colonocyte FPR correlated directly with the percent change in body weight (r = 0.409, P = 0.028) and IAAT volume (r = 0.598, P = 0.001). Conclusions A high-calorie diet and weight gain increase, whereas a low-calorie diet and weight loss decrease, in vivo colonocyte proliferation rate in people with obesity. These results suggest that changes in energy balance influence the risk of developing colon cancer in people with obesity by regulating colonic mucosal growth rates.
Effects of maternal mentalization-related parenting on toddlers’ self-regulation

Abstract Little research has examined associations between multiple indicators of parental mentalization and children’s regulatory capacities. This study aimed (1) to examine the validity of a latent mentalization-related parenting construct and (2) to examine the relationship between the mentalization-related parenting construct and toddler’s self-regulation, controlling for maternal depression, emotion disapproving beliefs, warmth, cumulative demographic risk, and child's gender. Mentalization-related parenting behaviors (MRPBs) included maternal use of mental state words, use of emotion bridging (linking emotions and behaviors in child and others), and representational mind-mindedness. Self-regulation was indicated by toddlers’ coping behaviors, effortful control, and delay of gratification. Data were collected for 95 mother–child dyads from low-income families at two time points and included observation of a book share task (Time 1), Early Head Start home visitor assessments of toddlers’ coping behaviors (Time 2), parent ratings of toddlers’ effortful control (Time 2), and direct assessment of toddlers’ delay of gratification (Time 2). Results of confirmatory factor analyses provided evidence for latent mentalization-related parenting (Time 1) and self-regulation (Time 2) constructs. Structural equation models revealed that maternal mentalization-related parenting (Time 1) was related to toddlers’ self-regulation 6 months later (Time 2). Maternal depression and emotion disapproving beliefs were negatively related to mentalization-related parenting. The study’s findings suggest that toddlers’ self-regulatory skills may be supported by maternal efforts to mentalize.
Properties of Rocks and Minerals – Constitutive Equations, Rheological Behavior, and Viscosity of Rocks

This chapter reviews micromechanical mechanisms of deformation and the associated constitutive equations as applied to describing the rheological behavior of rocks, and compares predictions based on laboratory-derived flow laws with the viscosity structure of Earth’s upper mantle determined from geophysical observations. First, the essential roles of lattice defects – point defects (e.g., vacancies), dislocations, and grain–grain interfaces (e.g., grain boundaries) – in permitting individual grains and collections of grains to deform without fracturing in response to an applied differential stress are examined. Second, the flow laws resulting from the diffusion of ions, movement of dislocations, and sliding on grain–grain interfaces are analyzed. In this context, both high-temperature dislocation creep and low-temperature dislocation plasticity are included, and the effects of water and melt on rock viscosity are considered. Finally, extrapolations of experimentally determined flow laws are compared to global average values of mantle viscosity obtained from analyses of glacial isostatic adjustment in response to the retreat of continental ice sheets and to the regional viscosity structure of the western US determined from analyses of filling and drying of lakes as well as crustal deformation following earthquakes. For olivine-rich rocks with a water concentration of ∼1000 H/106Si, laboratory-derived flow laws yield a viscosity of 1020–1021 Pa s in good agreement with global average values of viscosity. Experimentally determined flow laws predict a lower value for mantle viscosity of 1018–1019 Pa s, similar to that reported for the western US, provided that rocks are water saturated as has been proposed for this region in association with rehydration of the upper mantle due to the long history of flat-slab subduction of the Farallon Plate.
The Nature of the Glomerulus: Pressure-Induced and Metabolic Aberrations

The experimental search for mechanisms responsible for the development and progression of glomerulosclerosis has resulted in the identification of factors, broadly classified as hemodynamic and metabolic, which may be involved in both the glomerular injury of diabetes and in that occurring in the kidney remnant following subtotal nephrectomy. The hemodynamic factors include systemic arterial hypertension [1–3], glomerular hyperfunction and increased glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure [4–6]. The metabolic factors include changes associated with glomerular hypertrophy [7–9], hyperlipidaemia [10,11] and, in the case of diabetes, the effects of hyperglycaemia exerted either directly [12–14] or through the formation of advanced glycosylation end products [15–17] and increased polyol pathway activity [18]. In addition, stimulated cytokine expression is also an important pathogenetic component [19–21]. These cytokines, specially transforming growth factor-s (TGF-s) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) are known to induce extracellular matrix deposition in glomeruli and to stimulate the mesangial cell synthesis of extracellular matrix components [22–25].
An Introduction to Sonar Systems Engineering

Written in tutorial style, this textbook discusses the fundamental topics of modern day Sonar Systems Engineering for the analysis and design of both active and passive sonar systems. Included are basic signal design for active sonar systems and understanding underwater acoustic communication signals. Mathematical theory is provided, plus practical design and analysis equations for both passive and active sonar systems. Practical homework problems are included at the end of each chapter and a solutions manual and lecture slides for each chapter are available for adopting professors.
Circulating biomarkers of left ventricular hypertrophy in pediatric coarctation of the aorta

OBJECTIVE Patients undergoing surgical repair of aortic coarctation have a 50% risk of pathologic left ventricular remodeling (increased left ventricular mass or relative wall thickness). Endothelin 1, ST2, galectin 3, norepinephrine and B-natriuretic peptide are biomarkers that have been associated with pathologic LV change in adult populations but their predictive value following pediatric coarctation repair are not known. HYPOTHESIS Biomarker levels at coarctation repair will predict persistent left ventricular remodeling at 1-year follow up. DESIGN Prospective, cohort study of 27 patients' age 2 days-12 years with coarctation of the aorta undergoing surgical repair. Echocardiograms were performed preoperation, postoperation, and at 1-year follow-up. Plasma biomarker levels were measured at the peri-operative time points. Association between biomarker concentrations and echocardiographic parameters was assessed. RESULTS Neither left ventricular mass index nor relative wall thickness varied from pre-op to post-op. At pre-op, relative wall thickness was elevated in 52% and left ventricular mass index was elevated in 22%; at follow-up, relative wall thickness was elevated in 13% and left ventricular mass index was elevated in 8%. Presence of residual coarctation did not predict left ventricular remodeling (AUC 0.59; P > .05). Multivariable receiver operating characteristic curve combining pre-op ST2 and endothelin 1 demonstrated significant predictive ability for late pathologic left ventricular remodeling (AUC 0.85; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS Persistent left ventricular hypertrophy and abnormal relative wall thickness at intermediate-term follow-up was rare compared to previous studies. A model combining pre-op endothelin 1 and ST2 level demonstrated reasonable accuracy at predicting persistent abnormalities in this cohort. Larger studies will be needed to validate this finding and further explore the mechanism of persistent left ventricular remodeling in this population.
The Law of Insider Trading

The objective of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive analysis of insider trading laws. Given that laws are written in sufficiently general terms to allow the courts flexibility in interpretation, a comprehensive incorporation of the law and case precedents is required to provide the necessary link to the financial evaluation of insider trading.
Library Student Employee Expertise: Strategies for Maximizing Your Student Employee Contributions to the Library.

The University of Baltimore Library was recently renovated. Part of the design in the newly renovated space was having one single service point, that we call the Information Desk. This desk serves ...
Telomerase-selective oncolytic adenovirus OBP-405 induces autophagic cell death and enhances the antitumor effect of temozolomide and rapamycin on glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo.

4919 Oncolytic adenoviruses are considered as a promising tool in cancer therapy. We have recently reported that hTERT-Ad, a conditionally replicating adenovirus regulated by the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter, has a great antitumor effect through induction of non-apoptotic autophagy (J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 98: 625-36, 2006). In the present study, we examined the in vitro and in vivo effects of hTERT-Ad with a tropism modification with RGD (OBP-405, Telomelysin-RGD) on the established cell lines (U87-MG, U251-MG, D54, and U373-MG) and primary cells (MDC-01) of the most malignant primary brain tumor, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). OBP-405 exhibited a stronger antitumor effect regardless of the expression level of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor in GBM cells than hTERT-Ad without RDG (OBP-301, Telomelysis). When OBP-405-induced autophagy was inhibited pharmacologically (by 3-methyladenine) or genetically (by small interfering RNA against autophagy-related gene, Atg5), the cytotoxicity of OBP-405 was suppressed. In addition, autophagy-deficient Atg5-/- mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEFs) were less sensitive to OBP-405 than wild-type MEFs, indicating that OBP-405-induced autophagy was a cell killing effect. Because autophagy-inducing therapies might enhance the effect of OBP-405, we combined OBP-405 with a DNA alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) or rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin, which cause autophagy in GBM cells. Both treatments synergistically sensitized tumor cells to OBP-405 by stimulating the autophagic pathway. Interestingly, the quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that either TMZ or rapamycin did not affect viral replication of OBP-405. Moreover, nude mice carrying intracranial U87-MG tumors that were treated with three intratumoral injections of OBP-405 survived longer than after treatment with a single intratumoral injection of OBP-405 or non-replicating control adenovirus Ad-GFP. We are currently determining whether TMZ or rapamycin enhances the in vivo effect of OBP-405 using intracranial U87-MG tumor models. Our findings indicate that OBP-405 induces autophagic cell death in GBM cells and its efficacy is enhanced by RGD and that autophagy-inducers TMZ and rapamycin, which are clinically applicable, strengthen the antitumor effect of OBP-405. These data strongly suggest that OBP-405 is a novel approach for the treatment of patients with GBM.
Suzuki cross-coupling reactions of potassium alkenyltrifluoroborates.

The palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of potassium alkenyltrifluoroborates with aryl or alkenyl halides or triflates proceeds readily with good yields. The trifluoroborates are air- and moisture-stable solids that can be stored indefinitely. The cross-coupling can be effected using PdCl2(dppf)·CH2Cl2 as the catalyst in n-PrOH in the presence of Et3N. A variety of functional groups are tolerated.
What Affects College Students' Decision to Intervene or Not Intervene When Someone Is Drinking Too Much?

Objective:Medical amnesty policies aim to encourage individuals to help their peers who have been drinking too much by providing immunity for alcohol policy violations. We examined college students...
Who cares if college and drinking are synonymous? Identification with typical students moderates the relationship between college life alcohol salience and drinking outcomes

There is considerable research demonstrating that college life alcohol salience is associated with alcohol use among undergraduates. However, the strength of this association may depend on whether students self-identify with other students on their campus; self-identification with other students may indicate how influential other students are on an individuals' drinking. As such, the current research investigated whether identification with the "typical student" moderated the relationship between college life alcohol salience beliefs and alcohol-related outcomes. Five-hundred and eleven undergraduates reported their alcohol use, how closely they identified with other students, as well as their college life alcohol salience beliefs. Poisson moderated regression models and negative binomial moderation regression models were employed. Results indicated that self-identification with other students was a significant moderator of the association between college life alcohol salience beliefs and frequency of drinking as well as peak number of drinks, but not drinks per week or alcohol-related problems. Findings suggest that it may be important to shift students' perceptions surrounding drinking as being an important part of the college experience, particularly for those who identify with their peers.
Hierarchical population structure of a rare lagomorph indicates recent fragmentation has disrupted metapopulation function

An understanding of genetic diversity and population structure is important to the conservation of declining species within fragmented habitats. These issues become critical for small, isolated populations, in which stochasticity is a main driver of genetic change and possibly of population extinction. In eastern New York and New England the endemic New England cottontail has declined due to habitat loss and fragmentation. As a species that exhibits metapopulation dynamics, habitat fragmentation can have profound implications for its persistence. We examined genetic diversity, population structure, and effective population size (Ne) of New England cottontails in New York, a purported remnant stronghold for the species. We amplified ten microsatellite loci from tissues collected from live-captures and from fecal pellets. We investigated potential hierarchical population structuring using programs STRUCTURE and BAPS. STRUCTURE identified four hierarchical tiers consisting of nine clusters, and BAPS clustering was highly consistent with that given by STRUCTURE. Most populations displayed significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0.04–0.34) and little to no evidence of ongoing connectivity. Low genetic diversity was observed based on allelic richness (2.2–3.0), and all populations had critically low effective population sizes (Ne; 2.7–57.1). Observed trends in population subdivision, genetic diversity, and Ne were consistent with reported trends in the state-endangered Maine-New Hampshire populations, and not indicative of a genetic stronghold within New York. Instead, the small and isolated populations observed here imply a breakdown in metapopulation functionality indicative of conditions faced by the species range-wide and an immediate need for human intervention to restore connectivity and rebuild populations.
Scrabble: A Fine-Grained Cache with Adaptive Merged Block

A large fraction of the microprocessor energy is consumed by the data movement in the system. One of the reasons is the inefficiency in the conventional cache design. Cache blocks larger than a word are used in conventional caches to exploit spatial locality. However, many applications only use a small part of a cache block before its eviction. Transferring and storing unused data wastes bandwidth, energy, and limited cache space. Prior work on fine-grained caches can reduce data access and storage granularity to reduce the amount of unused data. However, small data blocks typically require greater metadata and control overhead. Sharing the common bits among tags of fine-grained blocks can reduce the metadata overhead but the constraints on which fine-grained blocks can share tag bits can cause fragmentation. This work proposes scrabble, a fine-grained cache that can merge multiple non-contiguous fine-grained blocks into a variable size merged block. The length of the shared tag is maximized to reduce the metadata overhead. The space utilization is improved by supporting merged blocks with variable size. The control overhead can be reduced by moving the merged block together from memory to the last level cache. For applications with poor spatial locality, Scrabble cache can achieve more than 40 percent of performance improvement. Even for application with good spatial locality, the speedup is still more than 7 percent. In general, for an evaluated set of benchmarks, Scrabble cache achieves an average of 2.41× effective capacity over the baseline cache with the same cache capacity which leads to a 16.7 percent performance improvement and an 11 percent on-chip energy reduction. As compared to a state-of-the-art fine-grained cache, Scrabble cache achieves a 1.25× effective capacity, a 7.9 percent speedup, and a 5.8 percent on-chip energy reduction.
Customer acceptance of four types of hospitality value propositions

Abstract Although how successful hospitality companies create value propositions has received some interest, how and why customers accept value propositions remains largely unknown. Grounded in theory of acceptance and service-dominant logic, this study examined consumers’ psychological mechanism of acceptance of value propositions at different points of exchange, and investigated the impact of value propositions acceptance on customers’ well-being and perceptions of service advantage. Online respondents (N = 180) assessed four hospitality value propositions: innovation, marketing, production, and recovery. Repeated-measures ANOVA and PROCESS Model analyses revealed that customers accepted value propositions cognitively, emotionally, normatively, and behaviorally, positively influencing subjective well-being and perceptions of firm’s service advantage. Service production and recovery value propositions had higher acceptance compared to innovation and marketing. This study is the first to empirically illustrate the complex process of customer value proposition acceptance and the effects on personal and organizational outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications are provided.
Utility-aware Privacy-preserving Data Releasing.

In the big data era, more and more cloud-based data-driven applications are developed that leverage individual data to provide certain valuable services (the utilities). On the other hand, since the same set of individual data could be utilized to infer the individual's certain sensitive information, it creates new channels to snoop the individual's privacy. Hence it is of great importance to develop techniques that enable the data owners to release privatized data, that can still be utilized for certain premised intended purpose. Existing data releasing approaches, however, are either privacy-emphasized (no consideration on utility) or utility-driven (no guarantees on privacy). In this work, we propose a two-step perturbation-based utility-aware privacy-preserving data releasing framework. First, certain predefined privacy and utility problems are learned from the public domain data (background knowledge). Later, our approach leverages the learned knowledge to precisely perturb the data owners' data into privatized data that can be successfully utilized for certain intended purpose (learning to succeed), without jeopardizing certain predefined privacy (training to fail). Extensive experiments have been conducted on Human Activity Recognition, Census Income and Bank Marketing datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of our framework.
Towards Standardized Processes for Physical Therapists to Quantify Patient Rehabilitation

Physical rehabilitation typically requires therapists to make judgements about patient movement and functional improvement using subjective observation. This process makes it challenging to quantitatively track, compute and predict long-term patient improvement. We therefore propose a novel methodical approach to the standardized and interpretable quantification of patient movement during rehabilitation. We describe the expert-led development of a movement assessment rubric and an accompanying quantitative rating system. We present our movement capture and annotation computational tools designed to implement the rubric and assist therapists in the quantitative documentation and assessment of rehabilitation. We describe results from a movement capture study of the tool with nine stroke survivors and a movement rating study with four therapists. Findings from these studies highlight potential optimal methodical process paths for individuals engaged in capturing, understanding and predicting human movement performance.
Modeling interactions of natural and two-phase fluid-filled fracture propagation in porous media

In this paper, a novel computational framework is introduced for simulation of multiphase flow, geomechanics, and fracture propagation in porous media based on Biot’s model for poroelasticity by focusing on interactions between hydraulic and natural fractures. Since realistic porous media contain many natural fractures, it is important not only to stimulate hydraulic fractures but also to study the interaction between natural and hydraulic fractures. Here, state-of-the-art numerical modeling of natural and hydraulic fractures using a diffusive adaptive finite element phase field approach is employed. The locally mass conservative enriched Galerkin finite element methods (EG) are utilized to model two-phase flow in propagating fractures with relative permeability and capillary pressure. Geomechanics approximated by a continuous Galerkin finite element method is coupled to multiphase flow by applying an iteratively coupled scheme. Numerical examples are presented that demonstrate the effectiveness of this framework for different propagation scenarios by varying the degrees of physics. In addition, the capabilities to perform high-fidelity simulations on complex fracture networks, with randomly joined diffusive natural fractures, are illustrated.
aNy-way Independent Component Analysis

Multimodal data fusion is a topic of great interest. Several fusion methods have been proposed to investigate coherent patterns and corresponding linkages across modalities, such as joint independent component analysis (jICA), multiset canonical correlation analysis (mCCA), mCCA+jICA, disjoint subspace using ICA (DS-ICA) and parallel ICA. JICA exploits source independence but assumes shared loading parameters. MCCA maximizes correlation linkage across modalities directly but is limited to orthogonal features. While there is no theoretical limit to the number of modalities analyzed together by jICA, mCCA, or the two-step approach mCCA+jICA, these approaches can only extract common features and require the same number of sources/components for all modalities. On the other hand, DS-ICA and parallel ICA can identify both common and distinct features but are limited to two modalities. DS-ICA assumes shared loading parameters among common features, which works well when links are strong. Parallel ICA simultaneously maximizes correlation between modalities and independence of sources, while allowing different number of sources for each modality. However, only a very limited number of modalities and linkage pairs can be optimized. To overcome these limitations, we propose aNy-way ICA, a new model to simultaneously maximize the independence of sources and correlations across modalities. aNy-way ICA combines infomax ICA and Gaussian independent vector analysis (IVA-G) via a shared weight matrix model without orthogonality constraints. Simulation results demonstrate that aNy-way ICA not only accurately recovers sources and loadings, but also the true covariance/linkage patterns, whether different modalities have the same or different number of sources. Moreover, aNy-way ICA outperforms mCCA and mCCA+jICA in terms of source and loading recovery accuracy, especially under noisy conditions.Clinical Relevance—This establishes a model for N-way data fusion of any number of modalities and linkage pairs, allowing different number of non-orthogonal sources for different modalities
Rheological and Drug Delivery Characteristics of Poloxamer-Based Diclofenac Sodium Formulations for Chronic Wound Site Analgesia

Chronic wounds are a significant and growing health problem, and clinical treatment is often a painful experience. A topical dosage form would be optimal to treat this pain. Poloxamer 407, a thermosensitive polymer that is a liquid at low temperatures but gels at higher temperatures, is well suited to administer topical analgesics to chronic wound sites. The goal of this study was to evaluate the gelation and drug delivery properties of poloxamer 407 gels containing diclofenac sodium for potential use in chronic wound analgesic delivery. The gelation properties of poloxamer formulations were evaluated rheologically. Drug delivery properties of poloxamers loaded with diclofenac sodium were evaluated using snakeskin dialysis membranes, intact porcine ear skin, and porcine ear skin impaired via tape stripping. A commercial gel product and a solution of diclofenac sodium in water were used as control formulations. Poloxamer concentration and gelation temperature varied inversely, and the addition of higher concentrations of diclofenac sodium correlated to significant increases in poloxamer gelation temperature. Poloxamer solutions were effective in limiting the permeation of diclofenac sodium through membranes with impaired barrier properties, and delivery of diclofenac sodium from poloxamer 407 did not vary significantly from delivery observed from the commercial gel product. The amount of drug delivered in 24 h did not change significantly with changes in poloxamer 407 concentration. The results of this study indicate that poloxamer 407 may be a useful formulation component for administration of an analgesic product to a chronic wound site.
John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath As a Naturalistic Novel

إن رواية عناقـيد الغضب (1939) للروائي الأميركي جـون شتايـنـبـك توضح الظــروف القاسـيـة الـتي واجهـت الــعوائـل المهاجرة فـي أميركا فـي عـام الانتـكاسـة. تـكـشـف هــذه الـرواية ولعـه بالأرض ورفضه للفساد الذي نتج من النظرية المادية وإيمانه بقـدرة الإنسان على الـتغـلـب على بـيـئـته الـقـاسـيـة. تـنـاقــش هـــذه الـروايـة مـعـانـاة عـمـال الطبقــة الفقيـرة مـن خلال افـراد عـائلـة الجـودز خـلال هـذه الأعوام. إن محاولة تـوسيـع الأراضي في مزارع اوكلاهوما أدت إلى تـشـتت هـذه الـعـوائـل ومـضاعـفـة مـعـاناتهـم وتحويلهم إلى متسولين يعانون من الحرمان والجوع. جميـع رواياتـه عـن كـالـيـفـورنيـا تـهاجم الصورة المزيفة للفـردوس التي كونـتهـا الـعـوائـل في أثناء هجـرتهم إلى كالـيـفـورنـيا.
AdaPT-GMM: Powerful and robust covariate-assisted multiple testing

We propose a new empirical Bayes method for covariate-assisted multiple testing with false discovery rate (FDR) control, where we model the local false discovery rate for each hypothesis as a function of both its covariates and p-value. Our method refines the adaptive p-value thresholding (AdaPT) procedure by generalizing its masking scheme to reduce the bias and variance of its false discovery proportion estimator, improving the power when the rejection set is small or some null p-values concentrate near 1. We also introduce a Gaussian mixture model for the conditional distribution of the test statistics given covariates, modeling the mixing proportions with a generic user-specified classifier, which we implement using a two-layer neural network. Like AdaPT, our method provably controls the FDR in finite samples even if the classifier or the Gaussian mixture model is misspecified. We show in extensive simulations and real data examples that our new method, which we call AdaPT-GMM, consistently delivers high power relative to competing state-of-the-art methods. In particular, it performs well in scenarios where AdaPT is underpowered, and is especially well-suited for testing composite null hypothesis, such as whether the effect size exceeds a practical significance threshold.
Evaluation of some antioxidants and malondialdehyde (MDA) in iraqi women infected with breast cancer and toxoplasmosis in Al-Diwaniyah and Al-Najaf provinces

Abstract Oxidative stress is thought to have a role in the pathogenesis of hole malignancies. The purpose of current study is evaluation of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione (GSH) and Catalase (CAT) levels in women with breast cancer by comparing with women have breast cancer and toxoplasmosis. The study involves 60 women divided in to two groups by ELISA test (22 cases with breast cancer and 38 cases have breast cancer and toxoplasmosis). The level of MDA was significantly elevated (P 0.05) between breast cancer patients and breast cancer with toxoplasmosis.
Quantifying proton diffusion in acid-functionalized chitosan membranes

Abstract We explore proton diffusion in hydrated, maleic-acid-functionalized chitosan membranes using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. Our simulations show that more frequent proton hopping between water molecules leads to an increase in the proton diffusion coefficient at higher water content in membranes based on 50 and 100% de-acetylated maleic chitosan. Moreover, mobile protons interact with the oxygen atoms of the 50% de-acetylated polymer’s acetyl groups, making them susceptible to protonation. The maleic acid group’s three oxygen atoms hydrogen-bond to water molecules in the membrane channels and are protonated less frequently than the acetyl groups.