cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of stratification on in vitro protein synthesis in seeds of Pinus lambertiana.

Abstract Incorporation of 14C-phenylalanine in in vitro systems from sugar pine ( Pinus lambertiana ) seeds was studied. Embryo ribosomes from both dry and stratified seeds supported incorporation (431 and 326 pmoles, respectively, of phenylalanine per mg ribosome) when combined with an embryo pH 5 fraction from stratified seeds. Female gametophyte ribosomes from dry seeds were active (302 pmoles phenylalanine incorporated per mg ribosome) but lost 61 percent of their capacity to support protein synthesis after 35 hours' stratification. The pH 5 fraction from embryos increased in capacity to support incorporation as stratification progressed up to 60 days (398 pmoles phenylalanine per mg ribosome when ribosomes were from 90-day stratified embryos) while the pH 5 fraction from female gametophytes was never active.
Surface and interface properties of L a 2 / 3 S r 1 / 3 Mn O 3 thin films on SrTiO 3 (001)

Understanding and manipulating properties emerging at a surface or an interface require a thorough knowledge of structure-property relationships. We report a study of a prototype oxide system, $\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{a}}_{2/3}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{r}}_{1/3}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ grown on $\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}(001)$, by combining in situ angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ex situ x-ray diffraction, and scanning transmission electron microscopy/spectroscopy with electric transport measurements. We find that $\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{a}}_{2/3}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{r}}_{1/3}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ films thicker than 20 unit cells (u.c.) exhibit a universal behavior with no more than one u.c. intermixing at the interface but at least 3 u.c. of Sr segregation near the surface, which is (La/Sr)O terminated. The conductivity vs film thickness shows the existence of nonmetallic layers with thickness $\ensuremath{\sim}6.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{u}.\mathrm{c}.$, which is independent of film thickness but mainly relates to the deviation of Sr concentration near the surface region. Below 20 u.c., the surface of the films appears mixed, (La/Sr)O with ${\mathrm{MnO}}_{2}$ termination. Decreasing film thickness to less than 10 u.c. leads to the enhanced deviation of chemical composition in the films and eventually drives the film insulating. Our observation offers a natural explanation for the thickness-driven metal-nonmetal transition in thin films based on the variation of film stoichiometry.
Shakespeare and Charm

Beckman suggests that Shakespeare invented charm in the modern sense. Charm comes from outside of ourselves, yet we take it into ourselves as it touches our heart. It is outside, yet we appreciate it, make it our own. We are charmed by Rosalind pretending to be someone other than herself while she plays the role of the person she is. The ambiguity of which self is speaking, the real or the pretend, is itself a part of Rosalind’s charm. This doubleness is a benign version of the Homer’s Sirens’ duplicity. The structure of wit and charm is doubleness, whether duplicity, ambiguity, the making of a bridge between seemingly unrelated elements, as in Johnson’s complaint that metaphysical poetry yoked heterogeneous elements by violence together.
Leveraged Investment Products: Monthly Rebalancing Boosts Performance, but Tail Risk Looms

Volatility reduces any investment’s compound rate of return in what is termed volatility drag, a drawback of leveraged investment products (LIPs). In recent years “Version 2.0” LIPs that reset leverage monthly (monthly LIPs) have been created to lessen the impact of drag. We show that monthly LIPs improve returns because markets are less volatile on a monthly timescale. Nevertheless, monthly LIPs remain problematic as buy-and-hold investments because of the risks of large drawdowns and catastrophic losses. We characterize these risks through higher-order moments and identify attributes of LIPs to mitigate these risks to benefit both LIP investors and LIP sponsors. TOPICS:Exchange-traded funds and applications, volatility measures, performance measurement Key Findings • Leveraged investment products (LIPs) that rebalance leverage monthly provide higher returns than the standard LIPs that rebalance daily. Monthly leverage rebalancing reduces volatility drag because markets exhibit lower realized volatility on a monthly timescale. • Monthly LIPs remain problematic as buy-and-hold investments because of the risks of large drawdowns, excess leverage, and catastrophic losses—risks that are captured not by standard mean-variance and simulation analyses but by our model through higher-order moments. • Buy-and-hold investors should focus on monthly LIPs with broad diversification, low volatility, and intramonth leverage rebalancing that avoids outright liquidation in times of market stress. LIP sponsors should emphasize these same qualities in designing their investment products.
The Effectiveness of Life-Preserving Investments in Times of COVID-19

We analyze the effectiveness of preventive investments aimed at increasing agents' life expectancy, with a focus on influenza and COVID-19 mitigation. Maximizing overall life expectancy requires allocating resources across hazards so as to equalize investments' marginal effectiveness. Based on estimates for the marginal effectiveness of influenza vaccines, we determine the level of COVID-19 mitigation investments that would imply such equalization. Given current projections for COVID-19 mitigation costs, our results suggest that wide-spread influenza vaccination would be an effective life-preserving investment.
Super Moisture Absorbent Gels for Sustainable Agriculture via Atmospheric Water Irrigation

An atmospheric water irrigation system based on super moisture absorbent gels (SMAG) is developed for sustainable agriculture technology. The SMAG-soil can harvest water from the air and provide wa...
Trainable Mathematical Model of Gas Exchange of a Ship Diesel Engine as an Element of a Synergetic System

Modern problems in automation border on the fourth revolution and the replacement of the subject by the high-level intelligent system. The problem with diesel engines is not efficiency, but environmental performance. There is a need for constructive solutions, unification and results to meet the growing requirements and norms for restoration and preservation of the already damaged environment. This is the place of a modern synergetic system for control and operation of the latest generations of marine diesel engines.
Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Findings and Correlations in Infancy of Children with Cerebral Palsy

Objectives:Cerebral palsy (CP) in infants can affect global motor function and lead to swallowing difficulties. This study aims to characterize oral and pharyngeal swallowing dynamics in infancy of...
Residential Energy Storage: U.S. Manufacturing and Imports Grow Amid Rising Demand

The U.S. residential energy storage market grew rapidly during 2017–20, driven by homeowners seeking to increase resiliency, changes in net metering programs, and the financial benefits of installing a system. The residential energy storage system (ESS) market was dominated by Tesla in 2020 and, as a result, domestic production met most U.S. demand. Smaller U.S. producers are also benefiting from market growth, with residential ESS sales substantially increasing in the last few years. There were several new entrants with foreign production to the residential market in 2019–20, however, some of which have a number of competitive advantages that enabled them to quickly gain U.S. sales in the second half of 2020. As a result, U.S. residential ESS imports rapidly increased in 2020. South Korea was historically the largest foreign residential ESS supplier, but an increasing share of imports are shipped from China and Vietnam.
Seasonal heat budget estimates of the upper layers in the central Arabian Sea

The observed seasonal variability in the thermal structure of the topmost 200 m water column of the central Arabian Sea (Marsden Square No.066) is presented with the aid of all the available historic BT/XBT/Nansen cast data sets. The heat budget estimates of the water column are discussed in terms of net surface heat gain extracted from Hastenrath and Lamb (1979) and of heat storage rate derived from successive mean monthly vertical temperature profiles and divergence of heat derived as a residual term. The influence of seasonal 325 reversing monsoons on the observed seasonal variability of heat budget of the upper layers is highlighted.
Concerns About Advertising Practices in a Developing Country: An Examination of China's New Advertising Regulations

This article examines China's 1993 Interim Regulations on the Advertising Agency System and Interim Advertising Censorship Standards as reflections of a developing country's concerns over advertising practices. Four issues facing a developing country such as China are identified: (1) The influence of foreign advertising practices on the domestic advertising industry; (2) the urge to speed up the learning process of advertising skills and know-how; (3) the threat of advertising to the indigenous culture; and (4) the government's authoritarian role in maintaining order. The new regulations are conceived as the Chinese government's remedies to these issues. The article concludes with a discussion on the enforcement problems and consequences of the regulations on China's advertising industry.
Modeling of electric machines for automotive applications using efficiency maps

In most industrial applications of motor drives, motors operate at one or a few predefined operating points. However in propulsion applications, the motor is used over the entire torque/speed range. Therefore, the motor has to be studied at all possible torque/speed combinations within the motor operating envelope. Efficiency maps are a convenient way to represent motor drive subsystem of a large, complex, system like a vehicle. Efficiency maps give the system engineer an idea about the torque/speed combinations at which a specific electrical motor drive is efficient, thus allowing for a more efficient design. In this report we look over the efficiency characteristics of motors that are most commonly used for propulsion applications. We also quantify typical load on motor drives in vehicles that use electric propulsion, namely Electric Vehicles (EV) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV).
Apuntes para una lectura antropológica del trabajo.

El trabajo como toda actividad del hombre debe insertarse en un mundo de sentido, que hoy pareciera ser el productivo, olvidando otras dimensiones del mismo, que enriquecen el vivir del hombre en su avance hacia un mundo mas humano y humanizante.
Season of prescribed burn in ponderosa pine forests in eastern Oregon: impact on pine mortality

A study of the effects of season of prescribed burn on tree mortality was established in mixed-age ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) at the south end of the Blue Mountains near Burns, Oregon. Each of six previously thinned stands was subdivided into three experimental units and one of three treatments was randomly assigned to each: fall 1997 burn, spring 1998 burn, and no burning (control). Burns were conducted as operational prescribed burns. Trees within six 0.2-ha circular plots on each experimental unit were observed for four post-burn growing seasons to determine fire damage and to detect immediate and delayed mortality and occurrence of black stain root disease (BSRD). There were 5321 tagged ponderosa pines alive at the time of the burns. The percentage of ponderosa pine dying was higher after fall burns than after spring burns. Differences in percentages of fire-caused mortality may be because fall burns are inherently more severe than spring burns. Although present in many trees, BSRD appeared to have little impact on mortality. The lion’s-tail appearance, thought to be a symptom of BSRD, was found to be an unreliable indicator of BSRD in the six test stands.
Protests, participation and public education: discourse about the public matter in students' mobilizations in Chile

The present article aims at analyzing the meanings assigned by the Chilean university students to the protests practices and occupation of public spaces, which have been carried out in the framework of the student protests of 2011. For that purpose, an intentional sample composed of students from public and private universities in the region of Valparaiso, Chile, was designed. As information production technique, we used the focus group. As analysis technique, the “content analysis” was used. The results were organized into thematic categories, which express the way in which university students signify forms of collective action: “against the model, considering the model itself”, “protest and public space”, “transformation of the public scope: individualism and commercialization”, “occupying the communication BERROETA, H.; SANDOVAL, J. Protestas, participacion y educacion publica: discursos... Educar em Revista, Curitiba, Brasil, n. 53, p. 19-38, jul./set. 2014. Editora UFPR 20 media and building public opinion” and “the students as consciousness-raising of society”. We conclude that young university students established complex meanings about their practices of protest and social mobilization, expressed in forms of unconventional action and tensions with the model of which they are heirs.
1G5 : a calmodulin-binding, vesicle-associated, protein kinase-like protein enriched in forebrain neurites

We have characterized cDNA clones of 1G5, an mRNA highly enriched in the mammalian forebrain that encodes a 504-residue protein found in association with perikaryal membranes and neurites. The protein, which accumulates predominantly postnatally, is associated with vesicles in both axons and dendrites. The sequence of the 1G5 protein highly resembles those of protein kinases with serine/threonine specificity; however, although most residues universally conserved among protein kinases are present, a few signature residues are absent from the 1G5 protein. Furthermore, although recombinant 1G5 protein binds calmodulin in the presence of calcium, it lacks kinase activity with a sample substrate.
Large Scale Structure at 24 Microns in the SWIRE Survey

We present initial results of galaxy clustering at 24um by analyzing statistics of the projected galaxy distribution from counts-in-cells. This study focuses on the ELAIS-N1 SWIRE field. The sample covers ~5.9 square-degrees and contains 24,715 sources detected at 24um to a 5.6-sigma limit of 250 micro-Jy (in the lowest coverage regions). We have explored clustering as a function of 3.6 - 24um color and 24um flux density using angular-averaged two-point correlation functions derived from the variance of counts-in-cells on scales 0.05-0.7 degrees. Using a power-law parameterization, $w_{2}(\theta)=A(\theta/deg)^{1-\gamma}$, we find [A,\gamma] = [(5.43\pm0.20)\times10^{-4},2.01\pm0.02] for the full sample (1-sigma errors throughout). We have inverted Limber's equation and estimated a spatial correlation length of $r_{0}=3.32\pm0.19 h^{-1}$Mpc for the full sample, assuming stable clustering and a redshift model consistent with observed 24um counts. We also find that blue [f(24)/f(3.6) =6.5] galaxies have the lowest and highest $r_{0}$ values respectively, implying that redder galaxies are more clustered (by a factor of ~3 on scales >0.2 degree). Overall, the clustering estimates are smaller than those derived from optical surveys, but in agreement with results from IRAS and ISO in the mid-infrared. This extends the notion to higher redshifts that infrared selected surveys show weaker clustering than optical surveys.
Why study moonlighting proteins

The examples above illustrate just some of the ways in which the continuing study of moonlighting proteins is important: developing novel therapeutics, identifying previously unknown cellular processes, elucidating the connections among biochemical pathways, understanding novel protein mechanisms, improving the prediction of protein functions, and providing information about the evolution of protein structure and function as well as examples for the design of new proteins. The references listed above and especially the collection of papers in this Research Topic are recommended for providing more in-depth examples and analysis of these topics. Conflict of interest statement The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
The Wernicke conundrum and the anatomy of language comprehension in primary progressive aphasia

Wernicke's aphasia is characterized by severe word and sentence comprehension impairments. The location of the underlying lesion site, known as Wernicke's area, remains controversial. Questions related to this controversy were addressed in 72 patients with primary progressive aphasia who collectively displayed a wide spectrum of cortical atrophy sites and language impairment patterns. Clinico-anatomical correlations were explored at the individual and group levels. These analyses showed that neuronal loss in temporoparietal areas, traditionally included within Wernicke's area, leave single word comprehension intact and cause inconsistent impairments of sentence comprehension. The most severe sentence comprehension impairments were associated with a heterogeneous set of cortical atrophy sites variably encompassing temporoparietal components of Wernicke's area, Broca's area, and dorsal premotor cortex. Severe comprehension impairments for single words, on the other hand, were invariably associated with peak atrophy sites in the left temporal pole and adjacent anterior temporal cortex, a pattern of atrophy that left sentence comprehension intact. These results show that the neural substrates of word and sentence comprehension are dissociable and that a circumscribed cortical area equally critical for word and sentence comprehension is unlikely to exist anywhere in the cerebral cortex. Reports of combined word and sentence comprehension impairments in Wernicke's aphasia come almost exclusively from patients with cerebrovascular accidents where brain damage extends into subcortical white matter. The syndrome of Wernicke's aphasia is thus likely to reflect damage not only to the cerebral cortex but also to underlying axonal pathways, leading to strategic cortico-cortical disconnections within the language network. The results of this investigation further reinforce the conclusion that the left anterior temporal lobe, a region ignored by classic aphasiology, needs to be inserted into the language network with a critical role in the multisynaptic hierarchy underlying word comprehension and object naming.
Patterns of electoral support in Hugo Chávez’s Venezuela

Recent surveys have found that Afro-Venezuelans vote disproportionately for Hugo Chavez as President. This paper seeks to explain why Chavez has received significant support from non-white voters. I argue that this support is not only due to his use of racial discourse, but more importantly due to the tangible benefits from the Chavez regime in the form of policies directed specifically at redressing racial discrimination. These policies include legislation against racial discrimination, educational reform, and the mass enfranchisement of Afro-Venezuelan voters and political leaders within the Chavez administration.
E. coli and M. luteus DNA topoisomerase I can catalyze catenation or decatenation of double-stranded DNA rings

Abstract Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus DNA topoisomerase I are found to promote catenation of double-stranded DNA rings. At low DNA concentration dimeric catenanes are the major catenated products; at high DNA concentration or when spermidine is present, catenanes containing more than two rings are formed. There is no requirement of extensive sequence homology between the component rings forming a catenane; dimeric catenanes between Pseudomonas phage PM2 DNA and E. coli plasmid pBR322 are readily formed. The formation of a dimeric catenane by these type I topoisomerases, however, requires the presence of at least one preexisting single-chain scission in one of the two component rings. This is in contrast to the cases with the type II DNA topoisomerases which can form catenanes made of covalently closed rings only. The catenanes formed by the type I enzymes can be unlinked by the same enzymes, or by DNA gyrase, a type II enzyme, upon dilution of the isolated catenanes. The catenation and decatenation of duplex DNA rings adds a fourth type of reaction promoted by these type I DNA topoisomerases to the three reported previously: relaxation of superhelical DNA, interconversion between single-stranded DNA rings with and without knots and the intertwining of single-stranded DNA rings of complementary sequences into a covalently closed duplex ring with a high linking number. All four topoisomerization reactions involve the crossing of one DNA strand through a transient break of another DNA strand. The new reaction reported here suggests that such a crossover event might not require pairing of complementary nucleotide sequences.
Estimation of air recovery by measuring froth transport over the lip in a bi-dimensional flotation cell

Abstract A study of the gas motion through the froth of a prototype bi-dimensional flotation cell was performed. Using video and image analysis techniques, surface velocity data measured with a Visiofroth system were validated by comparing those results with estimations from manually tracking the motion of the bubbles on the froth surface. Images used to manually track the bubbles were recorded using a high-speed video camera. In addition, discharge velocity profiles were measured as a function of the froth height over the launder lip for two froth crowder angles and two superficial air rates. An increasing froth discharge velocity from the lip level up to the top of the froth was observed. Based on these results, the air recovery was estimated using the velocity profile and these values were compared with those obtained using the surface velocity estimation. Results showed differences from 24% to 47% in the air recovery when the froth flow area at lip was employed. However, both approaches presented the same trend when the JG and the froth crowder angle were changed. Using the top-of-froth velocity along with the froth flow area at the Visiofroth location allows air recoveries to be closer to those obtained from the discharge velocity profile at lip. The water flowrate in concentrate was estimated from operational variables and compared with the water flowrate measured in the concentrate stream. A good agreement was observed when the discharge velocities obtained from the Visiofroth measurements along with the froth height over the lip at the measurement point were employed. Similar results were obtained when the water flowrate was estimated using the discharge velocity profile at lip. An increase in the air recovery as a function of the froth crowder angle and the JG value was observed. Also, the combined effect of these variables showed a significant impact on the air recovery. A higher concentrate water flowrate was observed when a higher air recovery was obtained. This result favours the concentrate grade decreasing due to the entrainment of non-valuable fine particles. A proper flotation equipment design along with an optimizing control system can improve the metallurgical results in terms of mineral recovery and concentrate grade.
How Can I Interact?: Comparing Full Body Gesture Visualizations

This paper is dedicated to the question "How can I interact?", which may arise during a full body interaction game. To answer this question, a game needs to tell the players what actions are available and how those actions can be triggered. We focus on the video channel and use onscreen symbols to visualize how available input gestures have to be performed. We describe three symbol variants using recordings of a real person: color images, tracking shapes and skeletons, and solely tracking skeletons. An initial evaluation study shows clear advantages for the color images. We further outline how we extend the current implementation, for both improving the usability of the symbols, as well as easing their development.
Vision outcome at age 2 years in a low birth weight population

We assess the prevalence of vision problems in a cohort of low birth weight infants at age 2 years and the relationship of these problems to neonatal brain injury. Data on prenatal and neonatal history and brain injury status were prospectively collected on 721 children weighing 500-2,000 gm at birth enrolled in a multi-center, population-based longitudinal study. Visual acuity was evaluated using the Teller Acuity Card Procedure. Abnormalities of the eye were assessed by a specially trained pediatric nurse practitioner. Failure of the acuity screen occurred in 62 of 699 tested (8.9%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the only significant independent predictors of failure included presence of disabling cerebral palsy (DCP) (odds ratio [OR] = 14.8) or nondisabling cerebral palsy (NDCP) (OR = 4.0) and Apgar score of less than 5 at 5 minutes (OR = 2.4). Parenchymal brain injury (PEL) was of borderline significance. Strabismus was present in 123 of 702 children (17.5%). Multiple logistic regression analysis disclosed that the joint predictors of strabismus were presence of DCP (OR = 7.2) and length of hospital stay (OR = 1.6). We conclude that low birth weight infants with parenchymal brain lesions leading to cerebral palsy are at particular risk for vision problems early in life and should be carefully evaluated.
Self-assembly of surfactants and polymorphic transition in nanotubes.

We study self-assembly and polymorphic transitions of surfactant molecules in water within a nanotube and the effect of water−nanotube interactions on the self-assembly morphologies. We present a simulation evidence of a cornucopia of polymorphic structures of surfactant assemblies—many of which have not been observed in bulk solutions—through adjusting the water−nanotube chemical interactions which range from hydrophilic to hydroneutral and to hydrophobic. The ability to control the morphologies of surfactant assemblies within nanoscale confinement can be used for patterning the interior surface of nanochannels for application in nanofluidics and nanomedical devices.
The Effect of Instructional Manipulation on the Cognitive Performance of Normal-Hearing and Deaf Children:

The performance of 52 deaf and 36 normal-hearing children was compared on Piagetian conservation tasks presented under two conditions. In the modified version, the instructions of the task were manipulated so that the conservstion attribute was specific. In the Piagetian condition, there were statistically significant performance differences between the normal-hearing children and the deaf children in favor of the normal hearing children. In the modified condition there were not statistically significant differences between the two populations. The results of the study were viewed as evidence that apparent, cognitive delay in deaf children is, in fact, not cognitive delay at all, but rather a problem with the language associated with cognitive-type problems.
Convective Heat Transfer in Vertical Asymmetrically Heated Narrow Channels

A calibrated thermochromic liquid crystal technique was used to acquire wall temperature data for laminar and turbulent forced convection in an asymmetrically heated channel. The experiments were carried out in upward flow in rectangular channels with channels spacings of 2.0, 1.0, and 0.5 mm and aspect ratios of 1:10, 1:20, and 1:40. One side was uniformly heated, and the remaining sides were approximately adiabatic. The entire surface temperature field of the heated wall was acquired in one color image, and the temperature was determined by hue-based image processing. In the laminar regime, buoyancy effects elevated the local Nusselt number to values significantly above those expected for purely forced convection in both the developing region and in the fully developed region. In the turbulent regime, the fully developed Nusselt number agreed well with previous observations, but the facility produced an unexplained linear trend in a portion of the developing region of the channel
Voltage and Current Modulation at 20 Gb/s of a Transistor Laser at Room Temperature

Data are presented showing open-eye 20-Gb/s transmission for a quantum-well transistor laser operating at room temperature (25°C). The fast spontaneous recombination lifetime (~ 30 ps) in the base region results in a resonance-free frequency response allowing demonstration of 20-Gb/s transmission with an I/ITH=3. It is shown that higher temperature hastens the transition to the first excited state and improves bandwidth and eye-opening at low bias levels (I/ITH=2). In addition, room temperature 20-Gb/s transmission through voltage modulation of a transistor laser via intracavity photon-assisted tunneling in the base-collector junction is reported.
An adaptive LQ controller for MIMO linear time-invariant discrete-time systems

In this paper we propose an adaptive LQ controller for a MIMO linear time-invariant discrete system. It is assumed that the state-space observer form of the system is stabilizable (not necessarily reachable). The adaptive controller is a MIMO version of Sampson's LQ controller for SISO discrete-time systems [1,2]. The feedback gains are computed using an asymptotic-synthesis procedure based on the Riccati difference equation.
WikiLeaks: transparency vs. national security

Laws regulating transparency in the USA and Australia, assume that the disclosure of information can inform the public, stymie government operations or create great harm. Freedom of information legislations (FOI) resolve disputes in difficult incidents, by balancing disclosure’s beneficial effects against harmful ones. The massive leaks of the US military and diplomatic documents by WikiLeaks challenge this assumption. Accordingly, this article seeks to address and analyse the following issues: firstly, the disclosure of government information by WikiLeaks and the harm caused. Secondly, an analysis will be provided of the existing legislative and regulatory framework in the USA and Australia concerning the WikiLeaks case. Finally, the paper will conclude by discussing the future of WikiLeaks and the criteria for employing technological measures against a distribution mechanism such as WikiLeaks.
Effective-medium theory for goldstone systems with off-diagonal disorder

Abstract An effective medium theory for low temperature phonons and other Goldstone excitations with diagonal and off-diagonal disorder is developed which preserves the herglotz property of the self-energy and is correct in both dilute limits c→0 and c→1.
Protein dynamics and the NMR relaxation time T1 of water in biological systems

Abstract The relaxation rate R, = T;' for water in many biological tissues and protein solutions is characterized by a weak frequency dependence, R 1 ∞ ω − 1 2 for ω/2π > 5 MHz. We propose a mechanism for the water-polymer interaction that leads to this frequency dependence in a natural way without the introduction of ad hoc assumptions of water fractions with arbitrary distributions of correlation times. The mechanism involves the wavelength-dependent correlation time for the fluctuations of the highly damped excitation modes of a long protein segment.
Comparison of mixing devices for flow-inection determinations based on doublet peak formation

Abstract The well-stirred tank model accurately describes the separation (Δ t ) between flow-injection doublet peaks and has been found to be applicable to a variety of mixing devices that do not contain moving parts such as a magnetic follower. The reaction between lanthanum(III) and methyl thymol blue was used as a model reaction for a comparison study of mixing devices. Column and open-tubular reactors were included in the study. Mixing devices were compared on the basis of the straight line fit of Δ t versus the natural logarithm of the concentration of injected La(III). The linearity of the Δ t -ln[La(III)] plots was equivalent for several reactors. A mixing device composed of a column of alternating helices was selected as the best alternative mixer to the well-stirred tank when the magnitude of the slope of the plot and practicality were considered. Experiments showed that the well-stirred tank model qualitatively describes the behavior of these alternating helical reactors (AHR) in experiments designed to produce doublet peaks. The AHR was used as the mixing device in flow-injection determinations, based on doublet peaks, of zinc, hydroxide ion and of water hardness. A paired t -test showed that over the 16 determinations performed there was no significant bias at the 95% confidence level. Factors affecting the relative standard deviation of the concentrations measured are discussed.
Developmental responses to high altitude hypoxia.

From a review of published literature on developmental responses to high altitude, three major conclusions are derived. First, the small birth weight of high altitude native populations are adaptive responses to reduce the oxygen requirements, while the relative increase in the placental weight is a compromise mechanism to increase the volume and surface area for a better oxygenation. Second, the small stature of the high altitude native is due to slow prenatal and postnatal growth. Third, the enlarged chest size, increased lung volumes and predominance of the right ventricle of the heart are due to accelerated development during childhood and adolescence. However, there is not adequate information to determine whether or not the developmental responses of the high altitude native are population-specific, based on a genetic structure different from that of sea level populations. Hence, the need for further study of developmental factors is emphasized.
Perceived authenticity in romantic partners

Abstract The notion of authenticity, or a state of being in which one's behavior is motivated by genuine, internal forces, has long been of interest to philosophers and social thinkers. Previous research on authenticity has examined the association between an individual's self-reported evaluations of his/her own authenticity and measures of well-being or relationship quality. The present work provides a new perspective by casting light on an interpersonal aspect the construct, namely, the extent to which an individual believes his or her romantic partner is authentic. Using correlational and experimental methods in a sample of dating and married couples, the present work found strong associations between perceived partner authenticity, relationship goals, interpersonal trust, and relationship outcomes.
The Java Image Science Toolkit (JIST) for Rapid Prototyping and Publishing of Neuroimaging Software

Non-invasive neuroimaging techniques enable extraordinarily sensitive and specific in vivo study of the structure, functional response and connectivity of biological mechanisms. With these advanced methods comes a heavy reliance on computer-based processing, analysis and interpretation. While the neuroimaging community has produced many excellent academic and commercial tool packages, new tools are often required to interpret new modalities and paradigms. Developing custom tools and ensuring interoperability with existing tools is a significant hurdle. To address these limitations, we present a new framework for algorithm development that implicitly ensures tool interoperability, generates graphical user interfaces, provides advanced batch processing tools, and, most importantly, requires minimal additional programming or computational overhead. Java-based rapid prototyping with this system is an efficient and practical approach to evaluate new algorithms since the proposed system ensures that rapidly constructed prototypes are actually fully-functional processing modules with support for multiple GUI’s, a broad range of file formats, and distributed computation. Herein, we demonstrate MRI image processing with the proposed system for cortical surface extraction in large cross-sectional cohorts, provide a system for fully automated diffusion tensor image analysis, and illustrate how the system can be used as a simulation framework for the development of a new image analysis method. The system is released as open source under the Lesser GNU Public License (LGPL) through the Neuroimaging Informatics Tools and Resources Clearinghouse (NITRC).
Java projects motivated by student interests

We present four Java projects suggested by our student that were developed in Java CS1/CS2 course. What is in interest of our students who start programming? The answer might be different from the teachers or textbook approach. The themes include games, drawing, colors, measuring time, etc. Questions can be raised if we can just monitor a process of studying by watching the development of projects and simply making directions in different ways, or can we as teachers learn what major interests of our students are when learning to program. We share our finding of interesting examples.
Cystinosis: the evolution of a treatable disease

Cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder involving lysosomal storage of the amino acid cystine due to a defect in the membrane transport protein, cystinosin. Since the introduction of kidney transplants and the availability of cystine-depleting medical therapy, this previously fatal disease was transformed into a treatable disorder. Renal allografts and medical therapy targeting the basic metabolic defect have altered the natural hisotry of cystinosis so drastically that patients have a life expectancy extending past 50 years. Consequently, early diagnosis and appropriate therapy are critically important. In this article, we offer a review of the manifestations of cystinosis, including the proximal tubular dysfunction of renal Fanconi syndrome, and discuss the prevention and treatment of the disorder’s systemic complications. We focus on the nephropathic forms of cystinosis, aiming to assist nephrologists and other physicians to develop early recognition and appropriate management of cystinosis patients.
Multi-GHz Synchronous Waveform Acquisition With Real-Time Pattern-Matching Trigger Generation

A transient waveform capture and digitization circuit with continuous synchronous 2-GHz sampling capability and real-time programmable windowed trigger generation has been fabricated and tested. Designed in 0.25 μm CMOS, the digitizer contains a circular array of 128 sample and hold circuits for continuous sample acquisition, and attains 2-GHz sample speeds with over 800-MHz analog bandwidth. Sample clock generation is synchronous, combining a phase-locked loop for high-speed clock generation and a high-speed fully-differential shift register for distributing clocks to all 128 sample circuits. Using two comparators per sample, the sampled voltage levels are compared against two reference levels, a high threshold and a low threshold, that are set via per-comparator digital to analog converters (DACs). The 256 per-comparator 5-bit DACs compensate for comparator offsets and allow for fine reference level adjustment. The comparator results are matched in 8-sample-wide windows against up to 72 programmable patterns in real time using an on-chip programmable logic array. Each 8-sample trigger window is equivalent to 4 ns of acquisition, overlapped sample by sample in a circular fashion through the entire 128-sample array. The 72 pattern-matching trigger criteria can be programmed to be any combination of High-above the high threshold, Low-below the low threshold, Middle-between the two thresholds, or “Don't Care”-any state is accepted. A trigger pattern of “HLHLHLHL,” for example, watches for a waveform that is oscillating at about 1 GHz given the 2-GHz sample rate. A trigger is flagged in under 20 ns if there is a match, after which sampling is stopped, and on-chip digitization can proceed via 128 parallel 10-bit converters, or off-chip conversion can proceed via an analog readout. The chip exceeds 11 bits of dynamic range, nets over 800-MHz -3-dB bandwidth in a realistic system, and jitter in the PLL-based sampling clock has been measured to be about 1 part per million, RMS.
Kaposi sarcoma limited to glans penis

Two cases of Kaposi sarcoma are presented. In each case the lesion had a bluish discoloration and was painless. Excision of lesions with wider margins was adequate therapy.
Surface photochemistry of Rh(CO)2 on zeolite Y-production of a stable coordinatively unsaturated rhodium monocarbonyl surface species at room temperature.

The photochemical production and chemical reactivity of a new coordinatively unsaturated rhodium monocarbonyl species on the surface of dealuminated zeolite Y over a temperature range of 300−420 K ...
PATTERNS AND PROCESSES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HIGH ANDEAN FLORA

Previous work has suggested that the floras of the separate regions of the high Andes are the products of disparate geographical, ecological, and geological factors. Among the important factors that differ among the regions are distances from source areas of propagules, climates, and differential effects of Pleistocene glaciations. To ascertain the relative importances of these factors in shaping the modem floras, and to test hypotheses about the causes of observed generic diversity patterns, models of abundances of species per genus were tested against data from three samples representing the major vegetation zones of the high Andes (pasramo, puna, and austral alpine). While originally proposed for intraspecific phenomena, abundance models (broken stick, log normal, geometric series, and log series) appear to be applicable to supraspecific taxa and were used to assess alternative hypotheses. Potential sources of genera now present in the sample areas were compared, and coefficients of similarity were computed between these samples and between each of them and two North American high-elevation floras. Propagule types in the three Andean samples were also scored to see if methods of fruit dispersal differed. Results showed that all areas fit the geometric series model if abundance plots of ranked genera were compared, but these results were heavily influenced by the large number of genera represented by only one species. Both the puna and austral alpine samples fit the log series models, indicating that the habitats of these areas are relatively uniform and that arrival of propagules was random over time. The lack of a fit of the Colombian data to the log series or log normal models is due primarily to a large number of species-rich genera relative to other areas. These findings support the hypothesis that there has been a pronounced level of autochthonous speciation in the Colombian Andes relative to other areas. Coefficients of similarity at the generic level show that a given flora is most similar to that of the nearest sample area within the same continent. However, the floristic similarity between Tierra del Fuego and the high mountains ofColorado is as high as that between the Tierra del Fuego sample and the neighboring Argentina sample, indicating that similarities in climate can be as important as distance in determining the composition of some Andean floras.
Interaction of the DYNLT (TCTEX1/RP3) Light Chains and the Intermediate Chains Reveals Novel Intersubunit Regulation during Assembly of the Dynein Complex

The cytoplasmic dynein 1 cargo binding domain is formed by five subunits including the intermediate chain and the DYNLT, DYNLL, and DYNLRB light chain families. Six isoforms of the intermediate chain and two isoforms of each of the light chain families have been identified in mammals. There is evidence that different subunit isoforms are involved in regulating dynein function, in particular linking dynein to different cargoes. However, it is unclear how the subunit isoforms are assembled or if there is any specificity to their interactions. Co-immunoprecipitation using DYNLT-specific antibodies reveals that dynein complexes with DYNLT light chains also contain the DYNLL and DYNLRB light chains. The DYNLT light chains, but not DYNLL light chains, associate exclusively with the dynein complex. Yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate that both members of the DYNLT family are capable of forming homodimers and heterodimers. In addition, both homodimers of the DYNLT family bind all six intermediate chain isoforms. However, DYNLT heterodimers do not bind to the intermediate chain. Thus, whereas all combinations of DYNLT light chain dimers can be made, not all of the possible combinations of the isoforms are utilized during the assembly of the dynein complex.
Contingent and noncontingent social rewards and punishments from leaders: do US and Japanese subordinates make comparable distinctions?

Abstract Both Japanese and American subordinates distinguish performance contingent from noncontingent rewards and punishments, but they do so in subtly different ways. Data using Podsakoff's leadership scale were collected from local government supervisory and professional staff in three US and one Japanese city. Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses indicate that differences among the three US samples are smaller than those between the pooled US and Japanese samples. The US factor structure is generally consistent with prior research. However, the Japanese factor structure indicates that these respondents interpret various noncontingent punishments items as either: (1) a lack of contingent rewards; (2) an expression of contingent punishment; or (3) an extension of noncontingent rewards.
Framework for component-based CNC machines

Open architecture technology is ushering in new advances in the world of computer numerically controlled machines. Yet, some major benefits of open architecture technology have failed to materialized due to the lack of a standard open architecture specification. We propose an open architecture framework to fill the specification void. The proposed framework supports component-based technology by specifying a control class hierarchy, plug-and-play components and a design framework. This framework can be used to build applications ranging from a single-axis device to a multi- arm robot. An example application applying the framework is documented.
Faculty Perspectives on Moving from Blackboard to the Moodle Learning Management System

Online teaching and learning has been in transition for its entire existence. The number of courses offered at a distance has grown rapidly. According to the National Center for Education Statistics (Waits & Lewis, 2003), in 2000-2001 more than 56% of four-year colleges and universities in the United States offered distance education degree programs. In the academic year 2000-2001 alone, there were an estimated 3,077,000 enrollments in all distance education courses offered by 2-year and 4-year institutions, most of these offered online (Phipps, 2004). Many classroom based higher education programs, which meet in person regularly throughout a semester, use online technologies as well. Students and instructors use these “distance education” technologies to share files, present content, communicate with each other between class meetings and conduct other teaching and learning activities.