cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data Watch The Redesigned Current Population Survey

This article reviews the motivation for the redesign [of the Current Population Survey in the United States] compares several key CPS estimates before and after the implementation of the new survey and explains some of the new data collected in the redesigned CPS. (EXCERPT)
Flagellar radial spoke protein 3 is an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP).

Previous physiological and pharmacological experiments have demonstrated that the Chlamydomonas flagellar axoneme contains a cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) that regulates axonemal motility and dynein activity. However, the mechanism for anchoring PKA in the axoneme is unknown. Here we test the hypothesis that the axoneme contains an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP). By performing RII blot overlays on motility mutants defective for specific axonemal structures, two axonemal AKAPs have been identified: a 240-kD AKAP associated with the central pair apparatus, and a 97-kD AKAP located in the radial spoke stalk. Based on a detailed analysis, we have shown that AKAP97 is radial spoke protein 3 (RSP3). By expressing truncated forms of RSP3, we have localized the RII-binding domain to a region between amino acids 144–180. Amino acids 161–180 are homologous with the RII-binding domains of other AKAPs and are predicted to form an amphipathic helix. Amino acid substitution of the central residues of this region (L to P or VL to AA) results in the complete loss of RII binding. RSP3 is located near the inner arm dyneins, where an anchored PKA would be in direct position to modify dynein activity and regulate flagellar motility.
Substructure of the flagellar basal body of Salmonella typhimurium

The Salmonella typhimurium basal body, a part of the flagellar rotary motor, consists of four rings (denoted M, S, P and L) and a coaxial rod. Using low-dose electron microscopy and image averaging methods on negatively stained and frozen-hydrated preparations, we examined whole basal body complexes and subcomplexes obtained by dissociation in acid. Dissociation occurs in steps, allowing us to obtain images of substructures lacking the M ring, lacking the M and S rings, and lacking the M and S rings and the proximal portion of the rod. We obtained images of the L and P ring subcomplex. The existence of a subcomplex missing only the M ring suggests either that the S and M rings derive from two different proteins, or that the M ring is a labile domain of a single protein, which makes up both rings. At the 25 to 30 A resolution of our averaged images, the L, P and S rings appear cylindrically symmetric. Images of the M ring show variability that may be due to differences in angular orientation of the grid, but equally could be due to structural variations. Three-dimensional reconstructions of these structures from the averaged images reveal the internal structure and spatial organization of these components.
A semi-empirical equation for oxygen nonstoichiometry of perovskite-type ceramics

Abstract Explicit equations correlating oxygen nonstoichiometry to oxygen partial pressure and temperature are important for applications of perovskite-type ceramics as membranes, adsorbents and catalysts in various chemical reaction and separation processes. A semi-empirical equation for oxygen nonstoichiometry on perovskite-type ceramics is reported in this paper. Though derived from the results of a point defect model on a perovskite-type ceramic material, La 0.1 Sr 0.9 Co 0.5 Fe 0.5 O 3− δ , this equation describes very well the experimentally measured oxygen nonstoichiometry data for two perovskite-type ceramics measured in this work and three perovskite-type ceramics reported in the literature. The major advantage of this semi-empirical equation lies in its simplicity, explicitness and accuracy. This equation is coupled with oxygen permeation equation to predict oxygen permeation current density through two perovskite-type ceramic membranes. The predicted data agree very well with the results reported in the literature using a complex defect reaction model.
Making Sense of Fairness in Sports

Cheating evolves constantly. Dozens of athletes were barred from the Winter Olympics for taking banned substances. Gene doping is on the horizon. Questions have arisen about which athletes count as "female." What does it take to keep sports fair? And what does fairness require?
Differential effects of d-amphetamine on fixed ratio 30 performance maintained by food versus brain stimulation reinforcement

Abstract Four rats with implanted unilateral hypothalamic bipolar electrodes were trained to bar press for both intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) and food on a fixed ratio 30 schedule of reinforcement. The animals were tested at 90% and 100% body weight. d-Amphetamine (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg/kg) always decreased responding for blood reinforcement but increased responding up through the 1.0 mg/kg dose level for ICSS. An analysis of error responses emitted for ICSS reinforcement showed that perseverative responding did not occur up through the 1.0 mg/kg level.
THYROID HORMONE IN BLOOD. II.

THE AUTHORS1 SHOWED THAT POTASSIUM IODIDE was completely extracted fromfinely II divided blood by 20 volumes of methanol followed by 20 volumes of acetone, but that Jl thyroglobulin was not extracted. Therefore the iodine left in the blood after this double extraction was referred to as “hormone iodine.” The senior author2 showedthat the values obtained by this method were the same as those obtained by ultrafiltration or by dialysis for 5 days. Because of the danger of leakage of an ultrafilter or dialyzer and the time consumed, these methods were discontinued. McClendon and Foster when determining ‘hormone iodine’ in 373 patients found that many had taken various iodine drugs. They advocated prolonging the methanol extraction for one hour in a shaking or rotating machine in an attempt to remove these drugs3. Evenone hour of extraction failed to remove iodide of mercury. Salter4 criticizes the methods in the literature and advocates precipitation of the thyroid iodine in the blood with acetic acid or with...
Radioautography Related to Amounts of [35S]Sulfate Taken up by Prostate Glands of 2-Year-Old Mice

SummaryIntraperitoneally injected 35SO4ppeared rapidly in the blood and in the prostate glands of the 2-year-old mouse. Most of the prostate 35S was in the tissue proper with small amounts in the blood. The amounts of soluble 35S of prostate glands were greatest at 1 hr and least at 125 hr after 35S injection. The amounts of nonsolu-ble 35S (not removable by washing with formalin solution) decreased much more gradually than the soluble 35S. Consequently, the nonsoluble 35S amounted to 1 % of the total prostate 35S at 1 hr and to about 100% at 125 hr.The amounts of nonsoluble 35S were the same for both the ventral and lateral prostatic lobes at the various time points after the injection. The nonsoluble 35S increased to a peak at 5 hr, decreased to half the peak at 25 hr, and it continued to decrease with time.At 10 min after its injection, 35S was detectable in the epithelial cells and lumen of the acinus by radioautography. The amounts of 35S in the epithelial cells increased from relatively large at 1 h...
Design Experience in a Sophomore Mechanics and Machines Course

Design experience was introduced in a Mechanics and Machines sophomore course. The objective was to support the content of the course and provide the students with some of the design skills. The students were asked to design an over head crane. Several “real-world” practical components were used in the project such as a customer, a request of a profession quote, update presentations, decision making tools, cost analysis, benchmarking, user manual development and a final professional report. The details of the project are presented and samples from the students’ work are discussed. The project was used in several offerings of the course and showed success.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Faith in school: Educational policy responses to ethno-religious conflict in the southern Philippines, 1935-1985

The expansion of public education is often seen as an effective tool for the promotion of national identity and the mitigation of ethno-religious tensions in diverse post-colonial states. This essay questions such assumptions via an examination of successive Philippine governments' efforts to deploy educational policy as a response to chronic tensions between the nation's Christianised mainstream and a restive Muslim minority on the southern island of Mindanao. It suggests that the expansion of education to foster a cohesive national identity without careful reconsideration of the religious, cultural and political biases inherent in its content is likely to fail in achieving peaceful, cohesive relations between different ethno-religious communities in religiously diverse multicultural states.
PKC-Dependent Activation of FAK and Src Induces Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Cas and Formation of Cas–Crk Complexes

SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells are a well-characterized model for studying the induction of neuronal differentiation. TPA treatment of these cells induces cytoskeletal rearrangements that ultimately result in neurite extension. However, the signaling pathways that precede these changes are poorly understood. Other investigators have shown that TPA treatment of SH-SY5Y cells results in increased tyrosine phosphorylation of cytoskeletal-associated proteins, including the adapter protein Cas. In this report, we examine the events upstream and downstream of Cas phosphorylation. We show that TPA treatment induces the PKC-dependent association of tyrosine-phosphorylated Cas with Crk. The activity of two protein tyrosine kinases, Src and FAK, was shown to be necessary and sufficient for TPA-induced Cas phosphorylation. We propose that the PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Cas by Src and FAK promotes the establishment of Cas-Crk complexes and that these interactions may play an important role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton during neuronal differentiation.
The politics of names: rethinking the methodological and ethical significance of naming people, organizations, and places

This article examines how the decision to use real names or pseudonyms for people, organizations, and places involves consideration of the ethics of confidentiality, the power of naming, and strategies for fieldwork and presentation of findings. While these issues are infrequently discussed in published work, qualitative researchers need to attend to how we decide what names to use in presenting our findings. Rather than avoiding discussions of confidentiality, qualitative researchers should address the implications of their decisions regarding the use of pseudonyms or real names for the confidentiality of our respondents, for our relationships with respondents, for our commitments to transformative social science, and for our findings.
Molecular dynamics simulation of damage cascade creation in SiC composites containing SiC/graphite interface

Silicon carbide composites have been investigated for their use as structural materials for advanced nuclear reactor designs. Although the composites have significantly enhanced mechanical properties and structure integrity, there is little known about the behavior of defects in the presence of a graphite-silicon carbide interface. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations have been used to model defect creation and clustering in a composite containing a SiC/graphite interface. Evolution of displacements as a function of time were studied and compared to bulk SiC. The results show that the first a few SiC atomic layers closest to the interface are easily damaged. However, beyond these first few atomic layers the system appears to be unaffected by the SiC interface.
Expression of members of the bcl-2 gene family in the immature rat ovary: equine chorionic gonadotropin-mediated inhibition of granulosa cell apoptosis is associated with decreased bax and constitutive bcl-2 and bcl-xlong messenger ribonucleic acid levels.

The loss of ovarian follicles through atresia, which accounts for greater than 99% of postnatal female germ cell depletion, is mediated through apoptotic cell death. Although recent data have shown that apoptosis in granulosa cells of ovarian follicles can be hormonally manipulated, the molecular mechanisms responsible for transducing external signals remain to be elucidated. Herein we have characterized changes in the expression of the bcl-2 protooncogene (an inhibitor of apoptosis), the bax gene (an inducer of apoptosis), and the bcl-x gene (which encodes both bcl-xlong, an inhibitor of apoptosis, and bcl-xshort, an inducer of apoptosis) during gonadotropin-stimulated follicular development in vivo and during atresia of antral follicles incubated in vitro. Complementary DNA fragments corresponding to rat bcl-2, rat bax, and rat bcl-x coding sequences were obtained by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique using total RNA prepared from immature rat ovaries. Northern blot a...
Tracing knowledge diffusion

Knowledge diffusion is the adaptation of knowledge in a broad range of scientific and engineering research and development. Tracing knowledge diffusion between science and technology is a challenging issue due to the complexity of identifying emerging patterns in a diverse range of possible processes. In this article, we describe an approach that combines complex network theory, network visualization, and patent citation analysis in order to improve the means for the study of knowledge diffusion. In particular, we analyze patent citations in the field of tissue engineering. We emphasize that this is the beginning of a longer-term endeavor that aims to develop and deploy effective, progressive, and explanatory visualization techniques for us to capture the dynamics of the evolution of patent citation networks. The work has practical implications on resource allocation, strategic planning, and science policy.
Refinements of the Medicare Outpatient Therapy Annual Expenditure Limit Policy

Background A Medicare beneficiary's annual outpatient therapy expenditures that exceed congressionally established caps are subject to extra documentation and review requirements. In 2011, these caps were $1,870 for physical therapy and speech-language pathology combined and $1,870 for occupational therapy separately. Objective This article considers the distributional effects of replacing current cap policy with equal caps by therapy discipline (physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech-language pathology) or a single combined cap, and risk adjusting the physical therapy cap using beneficiary characteristics and functional status. Methods Alternative therapy cap policies are simulated with 100% Medicare claims for 2011 therapy users (N=4.9 million). A risk-adjusted cap for annual physical therapy expenditures is calculated from a quantile regression estimated on a sample of physical therapy users with diagnoses and clinician assessments of functional ability merged to their claims (n=4,210). Results Equal discipline-specific caps of $1,710 each for physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech-language pathology result in the same aggregate Medicare expenditures above the caps as 2011 cap policy. A single combined-disciplines cap of $2,485 also results in the same aggregate expenditures above the cap. Risk adjustment varies the physical therapy cap by as much as 5 to 1 across beneficiaries and equalizes the probability of exceeding the physical therapy cap across diagnosis and functional status groups. Limitations One limitation of the study was the assumption of no behavioral response on the part of beneficiaries or providers to a change in cap policy. Additionally, analysis of risk adjusting the therapy caps was limited by sample size. Conclusions Equal discipline-specific caps for physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech-language pathology are more equitable to high users of both physical therapy and speech-language pathology than current cap policy. Separating the physical therapy and speech-language pathology caps is a change that policy makers could consider. Risk adjustment of the therapy caps is a first step in incorporating beneficiary need for services into Medicare outpatient therapy payment policy.
APPLICATION OF SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCROPY TO TEXTURE DEFINITION IN NATURAL AND FABRICATED SHRIMP

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the microstructure of two geographic sources of shrimp, binding matrix agents and their mixtures. Observed SEM microstructural differences were related to the Instron textural characteristics of cooked shrimp patties; microstructure differences were related to more intact and longer myo-fibrils in the natural shrimp. Slight differences among microstructures were observed in singular matrix agent cooked gels. Observed micro-structures of shrimp-matrix agent mixtures showed differences which related to measured textural parameters and matrix agent choice.
Anatomical distribution of abnormally high levels of starch in HLB-affected Valencia orange trees

The citrus disease Huanglongbing (HLB or citrus greening) is characterized, among other symptoms, by extraordinary levels of starch accumulation in leaves. This condition denotes imbalances in carbohydrate source sink relationship which in turn may have direct implications in the overall health of HLB-trees and in future strategies to manage the disease. Using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy we investigated the extent of carbohydrate partitioning imbalances throughout the tree. In all aerial tissues, starch accumulation in HLB-affected trees far exceeded that of HLB-negative control trees. Starch accumulated extensively in photosynthetic cells as well as phloem elements and vascular parenchyma in leaves and petioles. In stems, starch was commonly observed in xylem parenchyma and in the phelloderm of HLB-affected trees but absent from control samples. In contrast, roots from HLB-affected trees were depleted of starch whereas roots from control trees contain substantial starch deposits. The data supports the notion that the substantial changes in carbohydrate partitioning observed throughout the citrus tree may not only be a result of HLB infection, but in itself, a cause for the rapid decline and death of infected trees.
THz detection cell for sub-wavelength bio-molecular sensing

Design rules for a novel terahertz (THz) detection cell are presented that offer the potential for the first-time development of a microscope-system capable of collecting THz-frequency (e.g., 0.3-1.0 THz) spectroscopic signatures directly from microscopic targets such as bio-molecules. The proposed technological approach utilizes the sequential transfer of single electrons through a system of coupled quantum dots that has been designed to facilitate a statistically-based measurement of the radiation intensity. This paper focuses on the design of a suitable single-electron source (SES) that allows for required injection characteristics for a previously defined THz radiation detection cell (THz RDC).
Effect of Potassium Sorbate and Vacuum Packaging on the Quality and Microflora of Dry-Cured Intact and Boneless Hams

Intact and boneless hams were dry-cured and aged with and without potassium sorbate or vacuum packaging. Sorbate had no effect on yield but dry sorbate generally improved panel scores in boneless hams. Vacuum packaging eliminated further weight loss, decreased visual appraisal scores in intact hams but had little effect on sensory scores. After 3 months of aging, aerobic and staphylococci counts were as much as 7 logs lower in nonvacuum packaged controls than in either nonvacuum or vacuum packaged sorbate treated intact hams. Counts within all vacuum packaged groups were similar. Yeast and mold counts were lower in sorbate treated than in non-sorbate treated vacuum packaged hams. After aging, coagulasenegative staphylocci were the predominant species.
Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency in Infants

The assessment of iron deficiency anemia in infants is a clinical challenge because of the high requirements for iron to support expansion of the blood volume during rapid growth and development. Infants are endowed with only adequate storage iron to support this iron requirement for the first 4 to 6 months of life and premature infants even less than that. Hemoglobin is a measure of anemia but is not specific to iron deficiency, which requires the additional measurement of ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, and protoporphyrin levels to assess iron nutrition. Premature infants that receive transfusion or erythropoietin therapy are special diagnostic challenge. An accurate classification of iron status requires multiple biomarkers of iron storage and transport adequacy and in the absence of standardized assay material for several tests, becomes quite problematic.
Two-dimensional array Debye ring diffraction protein recognition sensing

We attach 2-D colloidal arrays onto the surface of hydrogels containing biotin. The hydrogel volume shrinks with increasing concentrations of avidin due to the formation of avidin–biotin crosslinks. This causes the Debye diffraction ring diameter to increase, and the 2-D diffraction wavelength to blue-shift.
An active inverted patch antenna with wideband varactor-tuned capability

A varactor-tuned inverted circular patch antenna has been developed with a power variation of /spl plusmn/1.0 dB over a 13 percent tuning bandwidth. A simple equivalent circuit has been used to model the active antenna, and the calculated results agree well with the experimental results. The circuit should have many commercial applications in wireless communications, radar, and sensors.
Properties of Entropies of Record Values in Reliability and Life Testing Context

In this article, the entropies of record value distributions from some continuous probability models are computed and their properties are investigated, both analytically when feasible, and numerically. In an attempt to establish relationships between entropies of the parent and the corresponding record value distributions, the entropies of record value distributions associated with the uniform, exponential, Weibull, classical Pareto, normal, gamma, beta, and Cauchy distributions are considered in this article. The entropy of record value distributions associated with the uniform, exponential, Weibull, and Pareto distributions, have tractable closed forms. The entropies of record value distributions associated with the normal, gamma, beta, and Cauchy distributions do not have tractable closed forms and need further investigations. Some general conclusions are drawn in the final section.
A revenue management approach for managing operating room capacity

The advanced scheduling of patients for elective surgeries is challenging when the operating room capacity usage by these procedures is uncertain. We study the application of some revenue management concepts and techniques to operating rooms for several surgical procedures performed in a multi-tier reimbursement system. Our approach focuses on booking requests for elective procedures, under the assumption that each request uses a random amount of time. We create and use a modified version of Belobaba's well-known EMSRb algorithm (Belobaba 1989) to decide on near-optimal protection levels for various classes of patients. Under the random resource utilization assumption, we decide, for each planning horizon, how much time to reserve for satisfying the demand coming from each class of patients, based on the type of surgical procedure requested and the patient's reimbursement level.
A LATINO ANTHROPOLOGIST IN ARIZONA: OBLIGATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES

Arizona these days is a frustrating but fascinating laboratory for many contemporary social and cultural issues, with plenty of challenges for engaged anthropology. Concepts of “sustainability” in this context of unbridled libertarianism, nativism, scarce water, and rapid urban growth, are increasingly tenuous, but nature has “not put all of her eggs in one basket.” The long presence of diverse indigenous cultures in this unforgiving environment, despite centuries of sustained suppression, and the controversial arrival of immigrant newcomers still hopeful for the “American Dream,” may have lessons for the rest of us, in terms of sustainability and an engaged anthropology. This article illustrates what “engaged anthropology” can look like at a local level, and chronicles the unforeseen twists and turns of a diverse career as an applied anthropologist in a state desperately in need of an anthropological perspective.
Extracorporeal Photopheresis in Pediatric Heart Transplantation

Purpose The pediatric heart transplant literature contains little regarding extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) despite ISHLT guidelines recommending it for recurrent/recalcitrant rejection. ECP is rarely reported by institutions in the pediatric heart transplant study. We report our unique experience with ECP in pediatric heart transplantation. Methods and Materials After IRB approval, data were obtained on heart transplant patients receiving ECP between 1990-2012 who were ≤ 18 yrs of age at the time of transplant. Combined heart/lung transplants were excluded. Noncompliance was determined by the transplant team at the time of clinical care and based on immunosuppression levels. Results Nineteen heart transplant patients underwent 21 courses of ECP. ECP use has been relatively stable since 2003 at 1.5 patients/yr. Median ages at transplant and initial ECP were 12.7 yrs (range 0.3-18.5) and 15.3 yrs (7.3-31), respectively. Only 1 patient was older than 19 yrs at the time of ECP. Median time from transplant to ECP was 1.4 yrs (0.1-12.6). The median ECP duration was 5.8 months (1.9-16.1). Nine patients underwent ECP in the first year after transplant. Indications for ECP included rejection with hemodynamic compromise (HC, 6 patients), rejection without HC (11), and prophylaxis (2). Eleven patients died at a median time of 3.1 yrs after the start of ECP. One- and 3-yr survival was 84% and 53%, respectively. Survival was unaffected by era of transplantation (pre-2003) and ECP use during or after the first year post-transplant. Eleven patients were labelled noncompliant and had a trend towards lower survival of 75% at 1 yr and 18% at 3 yrs (p=0.09, log-rank in comparison to compliant patients). One patient developed PTLD 21 months after finishing ECP and died from infection. No other adverse effects or infectious complications of ECP were noted. Conclusions This case series represents the largest reported experience with ECP in pediatric heart transplantation. ECP appeared to be safe and effective. Noncompliant patients showed a trend towards lower survival than compliant patients despite ECP.
Characterizing multi-threaded applications based on shared-resource contention

For higher processing and computing power, chip multiprocessors (CMPs) have become the new mainstream architecture. This shift to CMPs has created many challenges for fully utilizing the power of multiple execution cores. One of these challenges is managing contention for shared resources. Most of the recent research address contention for shared resources by single-threaded applications. However, as CMPs scale up to many cores, the trend of application design has shifted towards multi-threaded programming and new parallel models to fully utilize the underlying hardware. There are differences between how single- and multi-threaded applications contend for shared resources. Therefore, to develop approaches to reduce shared resource contention for emerging multi-threaded applications, it is crucial to understand how their performances are affected by contention for a particular shared resource. In this research, we propose and evaluate a general methodology for characterizing multi-threaded applications by determining the effect of shared-resource contention on performance. To demonstrate the methodology, we characterize the applications in the widely used PARSEC benchmark suite for shared-memory resource contention. The characterization reveals several interesting aspects of the benchmark suite. Three of twelve PARSEC benchmarks exhibit no contention for cache resources. Nine of the benchmarks exhibit contention for the L2-cache. Of these nine, only three exhibit contention between their own threads-most contention is because of competition with a co-runner. Interestingly, contention for the Front Side Bus is a major factor with all but two of the benchmarks and degrades performance by more than 11%.
Metal cluster topology. 2. Gold clusters

Abstract Previously developed methods for the treatment of polyhedral boranes, carboranes, and metal clusters are extended to the treatment of gold clusters, which present a variety of new problems. In most cases gold atoms in such cluster compounds do not employ the usual 9-orbital sp 3 d 5 spherical bonding orbital manifold. Instead almost all non-tetrahedral gold clusters consist of a center gold atom surrounded by a puckered polygonal belt of peripheral gold atoms generally with one or more additional peripheral gold atoms in distal positions above and/or below the belt. The peripheral gold atoms in such clusters use a 7-orbital spd 5 cylindrical bonding orbital manifold, but their residual two orthogonal anti- bonding p orbitals can receive electron density from the filled d orbitals of adjacent peripheral gold atoms through dσ → pσ * and/or dπ → pπ * backbonding leading to bonding distances between adjacent peripheral gold atoms. Centered gold clusters can be classified into either spherical or toroidal clusters depending upon whether the center gold atom uses a 9-orbital sp 3 d 5 spherical bonding orbital manifold or an 8-orbital sp 2 d 5 toroidal bonding orbital manifold, respectively. The topology of the core bonding in gold clusters is generally not that of the K n complete graph found in other clusters but instead mimics the topology of the polyhedron formed by the surface atoms. This apparently is a consequence of the poor lateral overlap of the cylindrical spd 5 manifolds of the peripheral gold atoms. Examples of non-centered gold clusters treated in this paper include the squashed pentagonal bipyramidal Au 7 (PPh 3 ) 7 + and the edge-fused bitetrahedral (Ph 3 P) 4 Au 6 [Co(CO) 4 ] 2 which may be regarded as a ‘perauraethylene’ in which the six cluster gold atoms correspond to the six atoms of ethylene including a double bond between the two gold atoms corresponding to the two ethylene carbon atoms.
Effect of substrate exposure and other growth condition manipulations on norA expression

Objectives: Multidrug efflux is a resistance mechanism that simultaneously affects susceptibility to many structurally unrelated compounds. The regulation of norA expression, which encodes the Staphylococcus aureus NorA multidrug efflux pump, is not well understood but the MgrA global regulator and the arlRS locus are involved. The expression of genes encoding proteins related to NorA, such as QacA of S. aureus and Bmr of Bacillus subtilis, is affected by pump substrates. In these instances, substrate interacts with regulatory proteins such that pump gene transcription is increased. The goal of this study was to identify if a similar substrate-level effect exists, or an effect of other growth condition manipulations, on the expression of norA. Methods: A transcriptional fusion between norA and lacZ was created in single copy on the chromosome of S. aureus SH1000. b-Galactosidase activity was quantified following exposure of the fusion strain to various NorA substrates, salicylate, a high salt concentration, putative soluble factors elaborated during growth, and different incubation temperatures. Results and conclusions: Exposure to several substrates significantly increased norA expression whereas salicylate and osmotic stress had no effect and no stable soluble factor affecting norA expression was detectable. An inverse relationship between norA expression and incubation temperature was observed and this effect was related, at least in part, to changes in norA mRNA half-life. However, concomitant changes in translational efficiency at different temperatures could not be ruled out. We conclude that there is a substrate-level effect on norA expression and propose that this may be mediated through substrate interaction with a regulatory protein.
Distributed image-based 3-D localization of camera sensor networks

We consider the problem of distributed estimation of the poses of N cameras in a camera sensor network using image measurements only. The relative rotation and translation (up to a scale factor) between pairs of neighboring cameras can be estimated using standard computer vision techniques. However, due to noise in the image measurements, these estimates may not be globally consistent. We address this problem by minimizing a cost function on SE(3)N in a distributed fashion using a generalization of the classical consensus algorithm for averaging Euclidean data. We also derive a condition for convergence, which relates the step-size of the consensus algorithm and the degree of the camera network graph. While our methods are designed with the camera sensor network application in mind, our results are applicable to other localization problems in a more general setting. We also provide synthetic simulations to test the validity of our approach.
Robotic minimally invasive mitral valve reconstruction yields less blood product transfusion and shorter length of stay.

Background Robotic-assisted minimally invasive mitral valve reconstruction has gained popularity recently. Initial reports suggest that this approach can be used with relative safety and efficacy. Direct comparisons with a traditional sternotomy approach have not yet been explored extensively. Methods All mitral valve procedures that were performed by a single surgeon during a 3-year period of time were analyzed (n = 142 procedures). Patients whose condition required concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting or aortic valve surgery were excluded subsequently from analysis, because all of these patients were approached obligatorily by sternotomy (n = 71 patients). Six patients underwent right thoracotomy mitral valve procedures without robotic assistance, and 1 patient in cardiogenic shock underwent emergent mitral valve reconstruction by sternotomy. Of the remaining 64 patients who were eligible theoretically for sternotomy or robotic-assisted minimally invasive surgery, 39 patients underwent sternotomy, and 25 patients underwent right chest minimally invasive robotic-assisted surgery. Randomization between these 2 approaches would be almost impossible in the United States. The primary determinant for the choice of approach was request of the referring physician or patient. Multiple perioperative outcomes were then compared. Results Patients who underwent sternotomy and robotic-assisted surgery exhibited equivalent preoperative characteristics and experienced an equivalent degree of correction of mitral regurgitation in repairs and in need for replacement. Complex mitral valve repairs that entailed leaflet resection and reapproximation, annular plication, sliding annuloplasty, chordal transfer, and GoreTex neochordal construction were accomplished successfully with the robotic system. Cross-clamp and bypass times were longer for patients in the minimally invasive group (110 vs 151 minutes; P = .0015; 162 vs 239 minutes; P Conclusion Patients can undergo mitral valve reconstruction with minimally invasive robotic assistance, avoid a sternotomy, require less blood product transfusion, and experience shorter hospitalization.
Contemporary linkages between EMG, kinetics and stroke rehabilitation

Abstract EMG and kinetic measures have been primary tools in the study of movement and have provided the foundation for much of the work presented in this journal. Recently, novel ways of combining these tools have provided opportunities to examine elements of motor learning and brain plasticity. This presentation reviews the quantification of EMG within the context of transcranial magnetic stimulation. This vehicle permits acquisition of measures that are fundamental to examining prospects for cortical reorganization among patients with stroke and employs a therapeutic approach called "constraint induced therapy" as a model to demonstrate the interpretation of changes in EMG measures among patients with stroke. Moreover, interfacing novel uses of kinetic measurements during functional task performances is highlighted to illustrate how EMG and kinetics can provide further insight into mechanisms related to reacquisition of movement and concomitant changes in plasticity. Clinicians and researchers interested in expanding their use of these measurement tools are encouraged to learn more about application possibilities.
Estimation of interval anisotropy parameters using velocity-independent layer stripping

Moveout analysis of long-spread P-wave data is widely used toestimatethekeytime-processingparameter inlayeredtransversely isotropic media with a vertical symmetry axis VTI. Inversion for interval values, however, suffers from instability caused by the trade-off between the effective moveout parameters and by subsequent error amplification during Dix-type layer stripping. We propose an alternative approach to nonhyperbolic moveout inversion based on the velocity-independent layerstripping VILS method of Dewangan and Tsvankin. Also, we developthe3DversionofVILSandapplyittointervalparameter estimation in orthorhombic media using wide-azimuth, longspreaddata.Iftheoverburdenislaterallyhomogeneousandhasa horizontal symmetry plane, VILS produces the exact interval traveltime-offset function in the target layer without knowledge of the velocity field. Hence, Dix-type differentiation of moveout parameters used in existing techniques is replaced by the much morestablelayerstrippingofreflectiontraveltimes.Theinterval traveltimes are then inverted for the moveout parameters using the single-layer nonhyperbolic moveout equation. The superior accuracy and stability of the algorithm are illustrated on raytraced synthetic data for typical VTI and orthorhombic models. Even small correlated noise in reflection traveltimes causes substantial distortions in the interval values computed by conventional Dix-type differentiation. In contrast, the output ofVILS is insensitive to mild correlated traveltime errors. The algorithm is also tested on wide-azimuth P-wave reflection data recorded above a fractured reservoir at Rulison field in Colorado. The interval moveout parameters estimated by VILS in the shale layer above the reservoir are more plausible and less influenced by noisethanthoseobtainedbytheDix-typemethod.
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induces leptin production through the p55 TNF receptor

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α acts directly on adipocytes to increase production of the lipostatic factor, leptin. However, which TNF receptor (TNFR) mediates this response is not known. To answer this question, leptin was measured in plasma of wild-type (WT), p55, and p75 TNFR knockout (KO) mice injected intraperitoneally with murine TNF-α and in supernatants from cultured WT, p55, and p75 TNFR KO adipocytes incubated with TNF-α. Leptin also was measured in supernatants from C3H/HeOuJ mouse adipocytes cultured with blocking antibodies to each TNFR and TNF-α as well as in supernatants from adipocytes incubated with either human or murine TNF-α, which activate either one or both TNFR, respectively. The results using all four strategies show that the induction of leptin production by TNF-α requires activation of the p55 TNFR and that although activation of the p75 TNFR alone cannot cause leptin production, its presence affects the capability of TNF-α to induce leptin production through the p55 TNFR. These results provide new information on the interplay between cells of the immune system and adipocytes.
Stable Encapsulated Charge-Biased Resonators

Bias voltages are typically required for the operation of many capacitive microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. A stored charge can be used in place of a bias voltage supply, granting benefits in terms of power consumption and circuit area. However, charges stored on a device typically tend to leak out over time to the environment, and in this paper, the charge storage capability of resonators fabricated in the epi-seal encapsulation platform is evaluated. Charges were introduced on the resonators using a mechanical switch located within the epi-seal cavity, and no leakage was observed over a year at room temperature. At higher temperatures, the leakage follows an Arrhenius relationship with an activation energy of 1.87 eV, with the leakage pathway believed to be through the buried silicon dioxide support. A 3-dB drop in the resonant peak requires a leakage time of approximately two days at 350 °C, indicating extreme charge trapping capabilities at lower temperatures are possible within the epi-seal platform. [2015-0091]
Disparities in Chronic Disease Prevalence Among Non-Hispanic Whites: Heterogeneity Among Foreign-Born Arab and European Americans.

We estimated and compared the sex- and age-adjusted prevalence of chronic diseases (diagnosis only and comorbidity) among US- and foreign-born whites from Europe and the Arab Nations and examined associations between region of birth and chronic disease. We evaluated 213,644 adults using restricted data from the National Health Interview Survey (2000–2011) by (1) chronic disease diagnosis only (heart disease, asthma, cancer, diabetes, ulcer, or obesity) and (2) comorbidity (none, diagnosis only, comorbid). We used logistic regression to examine associations between region of birth and chronic disease while controlling for confounders. Foreign-born whites from the Arab Nations had a higher prevalence of being diagnosed with ulcer (4 %) compared to US- and European-born whites (2 %). Foreign-born whites from the Arab Nations had a lower prevalence of comorbid cancer (1 %) and ulcer (3 %) yet had higher estimates of comorbid heart disease (18 %), asthma (5 %), and obesity (13 %) when compared to European-born whites (all ps < 0.05). Arab Americans had the highest prevalence of comorbid diabetes (8 %) compared to both European- (5 %) and US-born whites (6 %). In multivariate logistic regression models, Arab Americans had a lower odds of reporting cancer, heart disease, and asthma before and after controlling for covariates. Our study builds on existing literature for Arab Americans as the first study evaluating chronic disease prevalence among foreign-born whites from countries in the Arab League of Nations geographically located in the Middle East. Methodologically robust studies are needed to better understand the influence of acculturation, country of origin, and other characteristics influencing health among foreign-born whites.
Prediction of collision-induced dissociation spectra of common N-glycopeptides for glycoform identification.

Confident identification of the glycan moieties in glycopeptides by collision-induced dissociation (CID) requires accurate prediction of the CID spectrum of the glycopeptides. In this Article, the kinetic model for the prediction of peptide CID spectra is extended to predict the CID spectra of N-glycopeptides. The model was trained with 1831 ion-trap CID spectra of N-glycopeptides and is able to predict ion-trap CID spectra with excellent accuracy in ion intensities for N-glycopeptides up to 8000 u in mass. A total of 524 common glycoforms including complex N-glycans with 2−4 antennas, plus high-mannose type and hybrid type, can be predicted.
An Experimental Investigation on the Convective Heat Transfer Process over an Ice Roughened Airfoil

The initial ice roughness formed in icing process could essentially affect the local field flow, water collection and transport, heat transfer and ice accretion process. Assessing the impact of realistic roughness features on the initial ice accretion and heat transfer process is critical to improve the accuracy of ice accretion prediction. In this study, a NACA 23012 airfoil with realistic ice roughness is modeled to investigate the effect of realistic roughness on the transient initial ice accretion and heat transfer process. Icing experiments are performed in the ISU Icing Research Wind Tunnel (ISU-IRWT). A high speed videography is used to visualize the icing process including droplet collection, ice formation, water runback, and the evolution of the accreted ice. An infrared thermometry combined with thermocouple measurements is applied to map the temperature distribution over the ice accreting airfoil surfaces. The temperature measurement provides insight into the initial droplet collection distribution and the heat transfer process during icing process. The effect of the realistic ice roughness on the droplet collection distribution and heat transfer enhancement are elucidated.
Analysis of Low Temperature Viscosity Data for Three NBS Standard Glasses.

The low temperature viscosities of three glasses established as viscosity standards at the National Bureau of Standards are reported. The data overlap results which appear on the published certificates between 109 and 1012 poise and present extensive measurements up to 1016 poise. The measurements were made using both the fiber-elongation and beam-bending methods. No evidence of an Arrhenius behavior was found for any of the three glasses, even though the measurements covered a narrow range of temperatures. An analysis of the inherent measurement uncertainty associated with each method indicates that the fiber-elongation measurements are more precise than the beam-bending measurements. Analysis of the data and its uncertainty by the Fulcher Equation supports the conclusions of the error analysis.
From Elements to Clusters: The Periodic Table Revisited

Cluster science has given rise to the possibility of forming “superatoms”, species that mimic elements of the periodic table but often display multiple functionalities. The ability to tailor the properties of these species opens up a new approach to forming nanoscale materials from the bottom up via cluster assembly. Recent success in designing these superatoms composing a “3D periodic table” and understanding the fundamentals governing their properties and stability are discussed, as well as prospects for the future of this field.
Raindroid: a system for run-time mitigation of Android intent vulnerabilities [poster]

Modern frameworks are required to be extendable as well as secure. However, these two qualities are often at odds. In this poster we describe an approach that uses a combination of static analysis and run-time management, based on software architecture models, that can improve security while maintaining framework extendability. We implement a prototype of the approach for the Android platform. Static analysis identifies the architecture and communication patterns among the collection of apps on an Android device and which communications might be vulnerable to attack. Run-time mechanisms monitor these potentially vulnerable communication patterns, and adapt the system to either deny them, request explicit approval from the user, or allow them.