cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Users and the Peak Load Pricing Model

The principal finding of this paper is that the conventional pricing solution for the peak-load pricing problem must be modified to be applicable to a joint facility that is utilized by heterogeneous groups of users. The paper indicates how extending the conventional model through a multidimensional approach to capacity, accounting for its physical dimensions as well as its time dimension, will require specific capacity charges to users independent of the time of consumption. Any additional congestion charges levied will not perform the conventional role of covering replacement capacity costs, but will be used to reduce current congestion costs. 6 references, 1 figure.
The Chinese herb extract Wenxin Keli: atrial selectivity from the Far East.

. The authorshave implemented an isolated canine perfused right atrialpreparation—appended to a rim of right ventricular tissue—and recorded atrial and ventricular transmembrane actionpotentials and pseudo-electrograms before and after intra-coronary perfusion of various concentrations of WenxinKeli. Interestingly, Wenxin Keli produced effects more no-ticeable in atrial tissue than in ventricular tissue, as it causedaction potential duration (APD) shortening and postrepolar-ization refractoriness—which is a prolongation of effectiverefractory periods without APD prolongation—in an atrial-selective manner. In addition, Wenxin Keli produced agreater reduction in the maximum rate of rise of the actionpotential upstroke and a larger increase in the diastolicthreshold for excitation in atrial vs ventricular cells, sug-gestive of I
ECOLOGY OF ORGANIC AGGREGATES IN THE VICINITY OF A CORAL REEF1

A marked increase in the concentration of suspended particulate organic aggregates occurs in oceanic water as it crosses the windward coral reef at Eniwetok Atoll and enters the lagoon. Evidence is presented indicating that these aggregates consist of mucus released by corals. Export of mucus into the lagoon by the reef community was estimated at 20 mg m-’ hr-l. This accounts for about 2.0% of total reef community production and is equivalent to about 40% of coral respiration. Field observations and experimental evidence suggest that aggregates of mucus may be an important food source for zooplankton in the vicinity of coral reefs.
Simulation of global and local intransitivities in a simple voting game under majority rule

In this paper we develop a mathematical model of social choice that provides the basis for a computer simulation of a political decisionmaking process. Prior research has demonstrated the nonexistence of an equilibrium for multidimensional voting games, a result that is obtained both globally and locally. Our simulation, while successfully modeling these results, provides a capability for analyzing the systemic effects (voting cycle characteristics) of iterated voting games that has not before been available to researchers. The structure of our computer model also anticipates development of dynamic models of social choice and provides a basic framework for eventual stability analyses of decisionmaking behavior in simulated and actual political environments.
Stephen J. Gould in the 1960s and 1970s, and the Origin of “Punctuated Equilibria”

Steve Gould arrived as a beginning graduate student in the Department of Geology at Columbia University in the Fall of 1963. He was one of a group of entering students interested in paleontology, biostratigraphy, paleoecology and, of course, evolution. Though I was still an undergraduate, I was welcomed into the group—and took part in the field trips and special seminars they organized: especially one on paleontology and evolution whose main inspiration was Steve himself. Most of these students eventually went on to have distinguished careers in paleontology and related fields.
Yield-driven near-threshold SRAM design

Voltage scaling is desirable in SRAM to reduce energy consumption. However, commercial SRAM is prone to functional failures when Vdd is scaled. Several SRAM designs scale Vdd to 200-300 mV to minimize energy per access, but these designs do not consider SRAM robustness, limiting them to small arrays and sensor type applications. We examine the effects on area and energy for a differential 6 T, single-ended 6 T with power rail collapsing and an 8 T bitcell as Vdd is scaled and the bitcells are sized appropriately to maintain robustness. SRAM robustness is examined using importance sampling to reduce simulation runtime. At high voltages, the differential 6T bitcell is the smallest for the same failure rate, but the 8 T bitcell is smaller when Vdd is scaled below 450 mV. For Vdd below Vth, bitcells must be sized greatly to retain robustness and large arrays become impractical. The differential 6 T and 8 T designs have the lowest dynamic energy consumption, and the single-ended 6 T design has the lowest leakage. The supply voltage for minimum energy operation depends on cache configuration and can be well above Vth for large caches with low dynamic activity.
Peer-based behavioural strategies to improve chronic disease self-management and clinical outcomes: evidence, logistics, evaluation considerations and needs for future research

The diagnosis of a chronic disease such as diabetes generally evokes strong emotions and often brings with it the need to make changes in lifestyle behaviours, such as diet, exercise, medication management and monitoring clinical and metabolic parameters. The diagnosis thus affects not only the person diagnosed but also the family members. Chronic illnesses are largely self-managed with approximately 99% of the care becoming the responsibility of patients and their families or others involved in the daily management of their illnesses. While the responsibility for outcomes, such as metabolic control and chronic complications, are shared with the health care team, the daily decisions and behaviours adopted by patients clearly have a strong influence on their future health and well-being. While diabetes self-management education is essential, it is generally not sufficient for patients to sustain behaviours and cope with a lifetime of diabetes. Peers have been proposed as one method for assisting patients to deal with the behavioural and affective components of diabetes and to provide ongoing self-management support. This paper first describes effective behavioural strategies in diabetes, based on multiple studies and/or meta-analyses, and then provides examples of their use by peers or in peer-based programmes in diabetes. A comprehensive search using the MEDLINE and Cinahl databases was conducted. Key search terms included peer mentors, peer leaders, peer educators, lay health workers and community health workers. Studies that clearly identified behavioural strategies used by peers were included.
A Direct Calculation of Shift Factors Under Network Islanding

The outage of transmission lines, especially of multiple lines, could cause power network islanding. Traditional line outage distribution factors cannot be directly used for the power flow calculation under network islanding. This letter proposes a direct and fast two-phase method for calculating shift factors under network islanding by leveraging existing shift factors of base case (pre-contingency) network.
Associative strength theory of recognition memory for pitch

Abstract Recognition memory for pitch was studied by means of a delayed comparison task, with the standard (S) tone and the comparison (C) tone separated by a variable delay interval (0–180 sec). Evidence is presented for the existence of an unsigned familiarity or similarity dimension, in addition to the signed pitch-difference dimension. Subjects relied on familiarity exclusively in the same-different judgment and used both dimensions in the higher-same-lower judgment. There appear to be two memory traces, short-term and intermediate-term, which are decaying exponentially to zero at very different rates. The decay of the short-term trace appears to be an essentially passive, temporal decay process, rather than an interference process, since the frequency-similarity and intensity of the interference tone have no effect on the rate of decay. The decay of the memory trace appears to have the same form and rate regardless of the initial level of acquisition and regardless of the frequency difference between the S and C tones.
Concurrent aerobic exercise interferes with the satellite cell response to acute resistance exercise

The addition of aerobic exercise (AE) to a resistance exercise (RE) program (concurrent exercise, CE) can interfere with maximum muscle fiber growth achieved with RE. Further, CE appears to markedl...
Executive functions and ADHD in adults: evidence for selective effects on ADHD symptom domains.

Dual-process models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggest that both executive functioning and regulatory functions (e.g., processing speed) are involved and that executive function weaknesses may be associated specifically with symptoms of inattention–disorganization but not hyperactivity–impulsivity. Adults aged 18–37 (105 with ADHD, 90 controls) completed a neuropsychological battery. The ADHD group had weaker performance than did the control group (p .01) on both executive and speed measures. Symptoms of inattention–disorganization were uniquely related to executive functioning with hyperactivity–impulsivity controlled. Inattention was associated with slower response speed, and hyperactivity–impulsivity with faster output speed. Results were not accounted for by IQ, age, gender, education level, or comorbid disorders. Findings are discussed in terms of developmental and dual-process models of ADHD leading into adulthood.
Absorbability of Calcium From Common Beans

Absorption of calcium from white, red, and pinto beans, labeled with 45Ca, was measured in 24 women in a three-way randomized design using a calcium load of 72 mg and milk as the referent. Fractional absorption for the three beans averaged 0.219 ± 0.047 and did not differ by type. Milk calcium absorption at the same load was more than two times higher, 0.451 ± 0.088 (P < 0.001). Oxalate content averaged 0.34%, and phytate averaged 1.7%, a stoichiometric excess relative to calcium. To evaluate the relation of phytate to reduced absorbability, labeled pinto beans were pre-treated with phytase and fed to 10 subjects. Fractional absorption rose, averaging 0.318 ± 0.071, (P <0.01 vs. untreated beans), but was significantly below that of milk. The difference was partly accounted for by phytate, with the remainder probably due to relatively high oxalate.
Software for pre-processing Illumina next-generation sequencing short read sequences.

When compared to Sanger sequencing technology, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are hindered by shorter sequence read length, higher base-call error rate, non-uniform coverage, and platform-specific sequencing artifacts. These characteristics lower the quality of their downstream analyses, e.g. de novo and reference-based assembly, by introducing sequencing artifacts and errors that may contribute to incorrect interpretation of data. Although many tools have been developed for quality control and pre-processing of NGS data, none of them provide flexible and comprehensive trimming options in conjunction with parallel processing to expedite pre-processing of large NGS datasets. We developed ngsShoRT (next-generation sequencing Short Reads Trimmer), a flexible and comprehensive open-source software package written in Perl that provides a set of algorithms commonly used for pre-processing NGS short read sequences. We compared the features and performance of ngsShoRT with existing tools: CutAdapt, NGS QC Toolkit and Trimmomatic. We also compared the effects of using pre-processed short read sequences generated by different algorithms on de novo and reference-based assembly for three different genomes: Caenorhabditis elegans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288c, and Escherichia coli O157 H7. Several combinations of ngsShoRT algorithms were tested on publicly available Illumina GA II, HiSeq 2000, and MiSeq eukaryotic and bacteria genomic short read sequences with the focus on removing sequencing artifacts and low-quality reads and/or bases. Our results show that across three organisms and three sequencing platforms, trimming improved the mean quality scores of trimmed sequences. Using trimmed sequences for de novo and reference-based assembly improved assembly quality as well as assembler performance. In general, ngsShoRT outperformed comparable trimming tools in terms of trimming speed and improvement of de novo and reference-based assembly as measured by assembly contiguity and correctness. Trimming of short read sequences can improve the quality of de novo and reference-based assembly and assembler performance. The parallel processing capability of ngsShoRT reduces trimming time and improves the memory efficiency when dealing with large datasets. We recommend combining sequencing artifacts removal, and quality score based read filtering and base trimming as the most consistent method for improving sequence quality and downstream assemblies. ngsShoRT source code, user guide and tutorial are available at http://research.bioinformatics.udel.edu/genomics/ngsShoRT/ . ngsShoRT can be incorporated as a pre-processing step in genome and transcriptome assembly projects.
Core module biomarker identification with network exploration for breast cancer metastasis

In a complex disease, the expression of many genes can be significantly altered, leading to the appearance of a differentially expressed "disease module". Some of these genes directly correspond to the disease phenotype, (i.e. "driver" genes), while others represent closely-related first-degree neighbours in gene interaction space. The remaining genes consist of further removed "passenger" genes, which are often not directly related to the original cause of the disease. For prognostic and diagnostic purposes, it is crucial to be able to separate the group of "driver" genes and their first-degree neighbours, (i.e. "core module") from the general "disease module". We have developed COMBINER: COre Module Biomarker Identification with Network ExploRation. COMBINER is a novel pathway-based approach for selecting highly reproducible discriminative biomarkers. We applied COMBINER to three benchmark breast cancer datasets for identifying prognostic biomarkers. COMBINER-derived biomarkers exhibited 10-fold higher reproducibility than other methods, with up to 30-fold greater enrichment for known cancer-related genes, and 4-fold enrichment for known breast cancer susceptible genes. More than 50% and 40% of the resulting biomarkers were cancer and breast cancer specific, respectively. The identified modules were overlaid onto a map of intracellular pathways that comprehensively highlighted the hallmarks of cancer. Furthermore, we constructed a global regulatory network intertwining several functional clusters and uncovered 13 confident "driver" genes of breast cancer metastasis. COMBINER can efficiently and robustly identify disease core module genes and construct their associated regulatory network. In the same way, it is potentially applicable in the characterization of any disease that can be probed with microarrays.
Writing lesbian and gay culture: what the natives have to say for themselves

Walking after Midnight: Gay Men's Life Stories. HALL CARPENTER ARCHIVES/GAY MEN'S ORAL HISTORY GROUP. Inventing Ourselves: Lesbian Life Stories. HALL CARPENTER ARCHIVES/LESBIAN ORAL HISTORY GROUP.
Adiponectin Sensitizes Insulin Signaling by Reducing p70 S6 Kinase-mediated Serine Phosphorylation of IRS-1 *

Adiponectin functions as an insulin sensitizer, and yet the underlying molecular mechanism(s) remains largely unknown. We found that treating C2C12 myotubes with adiponectin or rapamycin enhanced the ability of insulin to stimulate IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and Akt phosphorylation, concurrently with reduced p70 S6 kinase phosphorylation at Thr389 as well as IRS-1 phosphorylation at Ser302 and Ser636/639. Overexpression of dominant-negative AMP kinase (AMPK), but not dominant-negative p38 MAPK, reduced the insulin-sensitizing effect of adiponectin. Rapamycin, but not adiponectin, enhanced insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in HeLa cells, which lack LKB1, and exogenous expression of LKB1 in HeLa cells rescued the insulin-sensitizing effect of adiponectin. Finally, overexpression of wild-type Rheb (Ras homology-enriched in brain) or the TSC2 mutant lacking the AMPK phosphorylation site (TSC2S1345A) inhibited the insulin-sensitizing effect of adiponectin in C2C12 cells. These results indicate that activation of the LKB1/AMPK/TSC1/2 pathway alleviates the p70 S6 kinase-mediated negative regulation of insulin signaling, providing a mechanism by which adiponectin increases insulin sensitivity in cells.
Last Word on Viewpoint: Using the same cut-off for sulfur hexafluoride and nitrogen multiple-breath washout may not be appropriate

to the editor: We agree with all important points of the four commentaries (see Ref. [6][1]): a ) Both SF6- and N2-multiple-breath washout (MBW) seem to be useful in detecting ventilation inhomogeneity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). b ) There are
Deficient acquisition and retention of single-alternation go, no-go in rats with medial thalamic lesions

Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of lesions of the dorsomedial area of the thalamus (DMT) in female Long-Evans rats on both preoperative acquisition and postoperative retention of a preoperatively acquired operant, single-alternation, go, no-go task. In the first experiment, a group of eight rats with bilateral DMT lesions were found to be deficient on postoperative acquisition relative to a group of eight control-operated animals. In the second experiment, a group of seven rats with DMT lesions showed deficient postoperative retention of the preoperatively acquired response relative to a group of eight control-operated animals.
Aerosolized PLA and PLGA Nanoparticles Enhance Humoral, Mucosal and Cytokine Responses to Hepatitis B Vaccine

Porous poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles were tested for pulmonary delivery of hepatitis B vaccine. In particular, the effects of particle size and hydrophobicity on mucosal and cell-mediated immune responses were investigated. Three formulations of PLA and PLGA nanoparticles containing a fixed amount of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were prepared by a double-emulsion-solvent-evaporation method and characterized for surface morphology, charge, size, density and in vitro release. The immune responses were studied by measuring secretory IgA levels in mucosal fluids and quantitating cytokine levels in rat spleen homogenates. Particle uptake was studied in rat alveolar macrophages. Scanning electron microscopy revealed particles with smooth surfaces. Zeta potential measurements indicated that the particles carried negative surface charges. The antigen was continuously released for 42 days in phosphate buffer. Hydrophobic particles >500 nm elicited a more robust increase in secretary IgA, interleukin-2 and interferon-γ levels compared to hydrophilic particles <500 nm. Large hydrophobic particles were more efficiently internalized by rat alveolar macrophages compared to smaller hydrophilic particles. Calu-3 cell viability studies indicate that the viability of cells is not affected by nanoparticulate formulations. This study demonstrates that inhalable nanoparticles of HBsAg produce an enhancement of immune responses.
Benchmarks of meaningful impairment on the MSFC and BICAMS.

Background:Cognitive and motor abilities in multiple sclerosis (MS) are typically quantified using reliable, consensus standard tests validated in the MS population. While these performance measures are associated with vocational disability in parametric analyses, translation of raw scores into anchors reflecting clinically relevant, functional impairment requires further research.Objective:To examine performance-based motor and cognitive outcomes among definitive anchors that designate varying degrees of functional impairment, thereby establishing benchmarks for score interpretation.Methods:We evaluated MS patients and healthy controls, all undergoing a brief test battery. Outcomes were derived from the MS Functional Composite (MSFC) and the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS). Functional impairment anchors were (1) disability benefits, (2) employed with negative work events, and (3) employed without problems.Results:All measures yielded statistically significant differences across a...
Research on a Novel Detection Model for Large-Scale DDoS Attack

This paper,we propose a new DDoS detection model by introducing the abnormal packet filtering based on HOP COUNT into the Tao Peng's DDoS detection method. The proposed model can differentiate the normal traffics from abnormal traffics by a determinant algorithm. On the basis we implement DDoS attack detection using the CUSUM algorithm to inspect two detection features. Furthermore, we introduce the Bloom Filter algorithm into the database lookup processing, which can improve the detection performance and self-security. The experiment demonstrates this model can detect DDoS attack as early as possible with high detection accuracy.
The roman catholic church and contraception

The official position regarding the use of artificial means of family planning varies from religion to religion. With its steadfast opposition to the use of any form of contraception or sterilization, the Roman Catholic Church puts its 1.2 billion followers worldwide in the difficult dilemma of either adhering to the teaching of their church and thereby risk an unwanted pregnancy, or ignoring that teaching and use an artificial method of family planning, but thereby become marginalized by their church. Pope Francis has made a number of statements and actions indicating that their might be a possibility of some changes in the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church regarding a number of issues re-lated to the family, such as divorce, remarriage, gays and women’s rights. However he has continued to reaffirm the Church’s opposition to the use of any artificial method of family planning and has reiterated on a number of occasions that the Church will only allow the so called natural methods. This essay argues that in the opinion of the author, the time has come for the Roman Catholic hierarchy to revise this outdated position and allow catholics to resort to modern methods for limiting the size of their family, which is some-thing that a large percentage of the catholics are doing already anyway.
Development and validation of an instrument for characterizing food-related behavior.

An instrument for differentiating between individuals exhibiting conformist and noncomformist or nontraditional food consumption patterns was developed and used for recruitment and identification of respondents for a study of food-related behavior and attitudes. The instrument was designed so that use or nonuse of only one or two foods or food groups was not sufficient to establish the food consumption pattern. Content validity was established by an expert panel. Additional data collected during the study served to demonstrate that the instrument had predictive validity for identification of individuals who followed alternative food consumption patterns. Respondents were asked to indicate their preferred food practices; their designation was related to classification by the Food-Related Behavior Characterization Instrument. Patterns of food exclusion and of frequency of consumption of 35 foods and food groups were consistent with classifications as conformists or nonconformists. In addition to research applications, this instrument may be a valuable tool in clinical settings and for community assessment. Although it is not a substitute for a more detailed dietary history, rapid identification of nonconforming food-related behavior is possible with the FoodRelated Behavior Characterization Instrument.
Chapter 45 - Assessment of Bone and Joint Diseases: Renal Osteodystrophy

Renal ostodystrophy represents a complex disorder of bone metabolism resulting from the many derangements that occur during the course of chronic kidney disease. The patterns of bone disease revealed by histological examination of bone lead to useful classifications of the disorder and provide specific diagnostic information. The many non-invasive tools that may be utilized for the assessment of bone metabolism are clinically useful when considered together, especially when serial measurements are available. An understanding of the pathogenesis of renal ostodystrophy and early therapy directed at these pathogenetic factors are important to minimize the significant morbidity that occurs as a result of this complication of chronic kidney disease. The majority of patients with end stage renal diseases have abnormal bone histology. These skeletal abnormalities, generically termed renal ostodystrophy, encompass the manifestations of hyperparathyroidism on bone (osteitis fibrosa), a disorder of low bone turnover (adynamic bone), abnormalities of bone mineralization (osteomalacia), and combinations of these abnormalities (mixed renal ostodystrophy), together with the accumulation of retained ions such as aluminum, iron, cadmium, oxalate, as well as the deposition of proteins such as β 2 microglobulin. It is also important to consider that the final manifestations in bone may be tempered by a prior therapy for specific renal diseases, for example, corticosteroids, inactivity as a consequence of chronic kidney disease, ovarian failure (either due to drug therapy or uremia), as well as advancing age. These confounding factors may complicate the final pattern of bone histology and, in addition, may influence the changes over time and the responses to therapeutic interventions.
Defining the sham environment for post-myocardial infarction studies in mice.

Day 0 controls (mice with no surgical operation) can be a good substitute for sham surgeries in myocardial infarction studies, particularly for time course analyses that evaluate multiple time points.
Delayed clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen and development of hepatitis B surface antibody in a chronic hemodialysis patient

The introduction of hepatitis B vaccination and infection control in 1977 has greatly decreased the prevalence of hepatitis B. Currently, approximately 2.8% of the end-stage renal disease population is hepatitis B positive with a presence in 27.7% of the USA hemodialysis (HD) units according to the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study data. The behavior of hepatitis B infection differs significantly between immunocompetent and immunosuppressed hosts. Immunosuppressed hosts present more subtly with complications of chronic hepatitis B infection, being more challenging to detect. It is also well known that patients with chronic infection on HD have a small chance of clearing the virus. We report here a case of a hepatitis B positive HD patient who underwent spontaneous delayed serological clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen and development of immunity via appearance of hepatitis B surface antibody. This is a rare occurrence, and the few similar reported cases will be discussed.
The seven-speed dual clutch transmission from Volkswagen

Volkswagen is making two world premieres with the new seven-speed dual clutch DSG transmission. It is both the first seven-speed transmission for front transverse mounting and the first dual clutch transmission with a ‘dry’ dual clutch. The transmission is designed for a maximum torque of 250 Nm and use for vehicles in the compact class as well as, also a world premiere, for vehicles in the small class. As a build feature, the dry dual clutch has considerable benefits for the entire transmission concept. Compared to Volkswagen’s current six-speed dual clutch transmission, it comes with an even higher efficiency rating and therefore makes a significant contribution to reducing fuel consumption and emissions levels in the design of new vehicles.
Short-Term Mating Strategies Are Negatively Correlated with Religious Commitment: Exploring Evolutionary Variables for Religiosity at a Small Christian Liberal Arts College

Based on the Reproductive Religiosity Model, it was hypothesized that characteristics associated with short-term mating strategies would be negatively correlated with higher levels of religious commitment. This hypothesis was tested among undergraduate students in two different studies at a small, evangelical, liberal arts college. A strong negative correlation was found in the first study between the importance of religion and different types of sexual behavior associated with a more unrestrictive, short-term sexual lifestyle. The second study also confirmed our initial hypothesis based on a negative correlation between two measures of religious commitment and a measure of orientation toward uncommitted sex. In the second study, we also investigated the relationship between religion, attachment styles, and life history theory. We found no correlations between religious commitment and attachment styles, but did find a modest positive correlation between insecure attachment styles and short-term mating strategies.
Value of Reliability for Road Freight Transportation: Evidence from a Stated Preference Survey in Florida

This paper presents the findings of a study recently conducted in Florida to quantify freight users’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the improvement of transportation-related attributes, particularly reliability. A stated preference survey was developed and administered between January and May 2016. The survey collected responses from 150 shippers, carriers, and forwarders. Econometric models, including mixed and multinomial logit models, were developed to estimate the users’ WTP and to investigate the presence of user heterogeneity. The value of time and the value of reliability were estimated separately for the various user groups. The results indicated that carriers showed the lowest WTP when their WTP was compared with that of other freight users. Shippers without transportation—that is, shippers who contracted out their shipping—exhibited more interest in reducing travel time savings, whereas shippers with transportation showed more sensitivity to reliability. Preference heterogeneity was also explored ...
Educational outcomes associated with early immersion of second-year student pharmacists into direct patient care roles in health-system practice

Abstract Background and purpose To assess the educational impact of engaging second professional year student pharmacists in active, direct patient care experiences in health system practice. Educational activity and setting Student pharmacists in their second professional year completed a redesigned, skill-based four-week introductory pharmacy practice experience in health system practice. The immersion consisted of experiences in both operational and clinical pharmacy environments. Students were assessed with skill development checklist assessments. Pre-post surveys were also collected. Data were analyzed using a mixed methods approach. Findings Twenty-eight student pharmacists were included; of those, 26 completed both surveys (92.9% response rate). Survey results revealed significant increases in 81.8% of operational and 100% of clinical self-efficacy statements (p Summary Student pharmacists engaged in early, hands-on, direct patient care experiences enhanced their skill development in operational and clinical pharmacy practice.
Lessons From Using Culture-Guided Treatment After Referral for Multiple Treatment Failures for Helicobacter pylori Infection

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important human pathogen thought to play a causative role in many gastrointestinal diseases including gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. The efficacy of the commonly recommended empirical combination therapies used in eradicating H. pylori has declined to the point that in most regions traditional empiric therapies are no longer effective 1. Although there have been a number of recently published guidelines and recommendations for treating H. pylori 2–5, failures are still common 6. Resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole and fluoroquinolones are increasingly reported and are strongly associated with treatment failures. Culture-guided treatment is standard for infectious diseases where antimicrobial resistance is common as it allows therapy to be tailored to antimicrobial susceptibilities 7. Susceptibility-based therapy is especially important to guide tailored treatment after failure of standard empirical therapies. However, the effectiveness of culture-guided and sensitivity based treatment of H. pylori in a referral setting in the United States is unknown.
GO minions—Polarize and repair!

Graphene oxide may be able to play an important therapeutic role after cardiac injury by modulating immune cell phenotype and changing macrophage polarization.
A chemically functionalized paper-based microfluidic platform for multiplex heavy metal detection

Abstract This study presents a simple, fast, and sensitive method for multiplexing heavy metal detection. Using a chemically patterned microfluidic paper-based analytical device (C-μPAD), silane compounds terminating in amine (NH2), carboxyl (COOH), and thiol (SH) were immobilized on a patterned chromatography paper via condensation reactions. Three chromogenic reagents that react distinctly with Ni(II), Cr(VI), and Hg(II) were then covalently coupled to these functional groups. These functionalized C-μPADs were then evaluated for heavy metals ions detection with spiked water samples. Using a single-plex platform, we achieved detection limits as low as 0.24 ppm for Ni(II), 0.18 ppm for Cr(VI) and 0.19 ppm for Hg(II). The detection limits for this single-plex platform were twice as good as those obtained in previous studies using colorimetric analysis due to the formation of homogeneous metal complexes from immobilized chromogenic reagents. Furthermore, by minimizing cross-reaction with chelating agents and maximizing reaction uniformity, multiplex heavy metal ion detection was successfully demonstrated for lake-water samples spiked with various concentrations of heavy metal ions with high precision. This functionalized C-μPAD provides a highly portable and rapid on-site monitoring platform for multiple heavy metal ions detection with extremely high repeatability, which is useful for resource-limited areas and developing countries.
Knowledge-based pilot aids: A case study in mission planning

Successful applications of automation in combat aircraft are the result of the delicate balance of what and how much to automate. Pilot problem solving capabilities can be enhanced in the real-time context by applying automation in such a way as not to decrease the number of tasks facing the pilot, but in ways that provide knowledge-level assistance on those tasks. Four levels of automation are proposed to help the pilot plan and replan low-level, tactical missions. The systems are designed to improve the pilot's situation awareness by decreasing the cognitive attention for various tasks, thus allowing the consideration of more tasks. Level one and two systems are ground-based planning systems which maximize the time a pilot can study the mission environment and generate contingency plans. Level 3 and 4 systems are proposed aircraft systems that can offload some of the knowledge-based level cognitive processing tasks that now likely contribute to task saturation or channelized attention.
Dreaming in Isolation: Magical Realism in Modern Japanese Literature

Introduction I. Introduction IsolationII. Emotionally isolated characters III. Barriers between the public and private IV. Mythic proportions V. Escape through magic Dreaming VI. A social unconscious and the metaphorical use of space VII. ‘Living spirits’ in Japan’s literary traditions VIII. Impact on the waking world IX. Unprovable power Connections X. Fiction and society XI. Magic and the mundane XII. Theme and genre XIII. Between two people XIV. Dreams and healing Conclusion XV. Conclusion Appendices A. Why these authors were chosen B. Reading in Translation C. International nature of the works Bibliography
Impact of Operative Times and Mesh Utilization on Paraesophageal Hernia Repair: Analysis of 30-Day Outcomes from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project Database.

Abstract Background: Using mesh to buttress the crural repair following a paraesophageal hernia repair remains controversial. This article evaluates recent trends in laparoscopic paraesophageal her...
Important Individual Differences in Clinician/Client Interactions

While patterns of racial/ethnic subgroup differences are important (see previous chapter), variables that influence a wide range of individual differences in clinician/client interactions are equally as important for applied psychologists to understand and appreciate. The term “individual differences” is broadly defined to encompass individual differences in cultural characteristics within racial/ethnic groups, levels of intergroup contact, psychological service setting variables, client characteristics, and psychological services. The chapter ends with a discussion of the appropriateness to which race/ethnicity can be considered “primordial” in clinician/client interactions.
Diversity and Inclusion in Sport Organizations : A Multilevel Perspective

Diversity and Inclusion in Sport Organizations provides readers with a comprehensive understanding of the ways in which people differ--including race, sex, age, mental and physical ability, appearance, religion, sexual orientation, and social class--and how these differences can influence sport organizations. It offers specific strategies for managing diversity in work and sport environments, provides an overview of diversity training that can be implemented in the workplace, and discusses the legal issues related to the various diversity dimensions. Grounded in research and theory, this user-friendly book emphasizes the practical applications of research findings and provides relevant sport-related examples. Its clear discussions and logical connections among ideas helps readers understand the managerial implications of fostering and sustaining a diverse workforce. The third edition has a new title, which reflects an expansion of the book's content and focus to cover inclusion in addition to diversity and diversity management. It also includes a new chapter on using sport to promote inclusion and social change as well as discussions of legal aspects of diversity and inclusion in relevant chapters.
Elevated Serum Troponin Levels Predict Worse Outcome After Intracerebral Hemorrhage (P1.248)

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and influence on outcome of cardiac abnormalities in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Background: Cardiac assessment is recommended for patients with ICH. However, the yield and significance of this workup is unclear. Design/Methods: Retrospective data from 145 consecutive patients with spontaneous supratentorial ICH admitted to a large university hospital were included in this study. CT scans were reviewed to determine location and hematoma volume. Patients with history of myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure were excluded. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) reports were reviewed for motion wall abnormalities (hypokinesia, akinesia or dyskinesia) and depressed ejection fraction (EF Results: Median age was 55 years [Interquartile Range (IQR) (47–66)] and 49% were female. Median ICH score was 1 [IQR (1–3)]. Median Glasgow come scale (GCS) on admission was 14 [IQR (8–15)]. cTnI levels were available in 127 cases and TTE data in 78 cases. Elevated cTnI was observed in 47% of cases. 49% had wall motion abnormalities and 20.5% had depressed EF. A significant regression equation was found: F (2, 124) = 35.7, p 2 of .366, where troponin level had a significant positive regression weight (B=0.377), indicating that patients with increasing levels of troponins were expected to have worse outcome. Only cTnI levels ≥0.092 ng/mL were associated with poor outcome after controlling for ICH score (p=0.028). In contrast, TTE abnormalities did not affect outcome. Conclusions: Prevalence of cardiac abnormalities is elevated in ICH patients. Early cTnI elevation predicts poor outcome at hospital discharge. Disclosure: Dr. Trifan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Guman has nothing to disclose. Dr Testai has nothing to disclose.
Social Behavior of Breast Cancer Stem Cell in Metastasis

My early work demonstrated that Rb tumor suppressor prevent the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin-induced ROS stress and cell death by maintaining ATP and NAD levels as well as PARP-1 activity. Rb and Trp53 have been shown by the Sawyers and Goodrich groups in limiting cancer lineage plasticity through inhibiting Sox2 and Ezh2 pathways. My laboratory has focused on identifying gene and microRNA regulators of breast cancer stem cells in driving chemoresistance and metastasis, such as miR-30c, miR-138, and miR-206. While miR-138 targets EZH2 in breast CSCs to promote differentiation and inhibit tumor invasion, both miR-30c and miR-206 target cytoskeleton genes such as TWF1 to inhibit cancer stemness, chemoresistance and metastasis. Recently, we have identified a new social behavior of CSCs in circulating tumor cell cluster formation which greatly enhanced lung colonization and polyclonal metastasis of breast cancer. CTC clusters were less frequently detected but more metastatic than single CTCs of triple negative breast cancer patients and representative patient-derived-xenograft (PDX) models. Using intravital multiphoton microscopic imaging, we found that clustered tumor cells in migration and circulation resulted from aggregation of individual tumor cells rather than collective migration and cohesive shedding.
Exact rainbow tensor networks for the colorful Motzkin and Fredkin spin chains

We present bulk tensor networks that exactly represent the ground states of a continuous family of one-dimensional frustration-free Hamiltonians. These states, which are known as area-deformed Motzkin and Fredkin states, exhibit a novel quantum phase transition. By tuning a single parameter, they go from a phase obeying an area law to a highly entangled ``rainbow'' phase, where the half-chain entropy scales with the volume. Using the representation of these ground states as superpositions of random walks, we introduce tensor networks for these ground states where local and global rules of the walker are baked into bulk tensors, thereby providing an efficient description of the ground states (some of which satisfy a volume law scaling of entanglement entropy).
Connection of temporal coupled-mode-theory formalisms for a resonant optical system and its time-reversal conjugate

Temporal coupled-mode theory has been widely used to describe the physics of resonant optical systems. In general, an optical system can be constrained by energy conservation, time-reversal symmetry, and reciprocity. Most previous developments of temporal coupled-mode theory made use of all three constraints. In this paper, we consider separately the implication of each of these constraints on the parameters of temporal coupled-mode theory. For this purpose we made extensive use of the connection between a physical system and its time-reversal conjugate. This connection also indicates some of the nontrivial implications of the relation between the resonant properties of a physical system and its time-reversal conjugate. We validate these implications numerically by direct electromagnetic simulations of a guided resonance system. This work should enable the application of temporal coupled-mode theory to a wider range of resonant systems.
Attitudes and experiences regarding genetic research among persons of African descent

Minorities are underrepresented in genetic research. This study examined the attitudes, experiences, and willingness of persons of African descent related to participation in genetic research. A total of 272 persons of African descent completed a questionnaire about attitudes and experiences associated with genetic research. Descriptive, Chi-square, and logistic regression were used to examine the impact of attitudes and experiences in predicting the odds of willingness to participate in genetic research. A majority of participants (97%) indicated that they have never participated in genetic research; however, a majority also reported that they would be willing to participate in a genetic study specifically for the detection of risk factors for cancer (87%), diabetes (89%), alcohol use disorder (73%), and Alzheimer’s disease (88%). Participants who disagreed that “results from genetic research can explain why some diseases are found more often in some ethnic groups than others” were less likely to be willing to participate in studies related to cancer (OR = 0.16), diabetes (OR = .16), alcohol use disorder (OR = 0.27), and Alzheimer’s disease (OR = 0.27). Participants reported limited experiences engaging in genetic research; yet, they overwhelmingly acknowledged the importance of genetic research and expressed willingness to participate in multifactorial genetic studies despite concerns about genetic discrimination, stigma, and/or a potentially poor prognosis. Further research on the underlying reasons why persons of African descent choose to participate in genetic research should be explored and addressed to make research more inclusive and ethically sound.
How Does Price Competition Affect Innovation? Evidence from US Antitrust Cases

This paper examines how price competition in the product market affects the intensity and breadth of innovation. I assemble a unique data set comprising all 461 prosecuted collusion cases in the United States from 1975 through 2016, where I match 1,818 collusive firms to firm-level data on innovation. Empirical results from a difference-in-differences methodology show a negative causal relationship between price competition and innovation. When collusion suppressed price competition, colluded firms increased patent filings by 20.5 percent and top-quality patents by 16 percent. A significant portion of these patents are attributable to fundamental innovation activities since innovation inputs—RD the number of patented technology classes increased by 11.9 percent. When competition was restored by collusion breakup, the increased and broadened innovation activities reverted to their previous levels. The effects were greater for collusion that was stronger and in fast-growing industries. I shed light on market profitability and firm financial constraints as key economic mechanisms driving the trade-off between price competition and innovation growth.