cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Indole-3-Carbinol Induces Tumor Cell Death: Function Follows Form

Abstract Background Even with colonoscopy screening and preventive measures becoming more commonplace, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third leading cause of oncologic death in the United States as of 2014. Many chemotherapeutics exist for the treatment of colorectal cancer, though they often come with significant side effect profiles or narrow efficacy ranges in terms of patient profile. Dietary phytochemicals such as glucobrassicin and its metabolite indole-3-carbinol (I3C) have been implicated in tumor prevention in many preclinical models across a variety of gastrointestinal tumors and represent an intriguing new class of natural chemotherapeutics for CRC. I3C has been identified as a ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), and we aimed to characterize this AHR activation in relation to its cytotoxic properties. Methods Human colorectal cancer cell lines DLD1, HCT116, HT-29, LS513, and RKO were treated with indole-3-carbinol or vehicle. Cell viability was assessed via a fluorescent product assay, and apoptotic activity was assessed via a luminescent signal tied to a ratio of caspase-3 and caspase-7 activity. Gene expression of AHR and CYP1A1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Small interfering RNA stable expression lines were established on a HCT116 background using a laboratory-developed transfection protocol as published elsewhere. Results Multiple colorectal cancer cell types express increased CYP1A1 mRNA levels (a specific marker of AHR-driven activity) after treatment with I3C, characterizing I3C treatment as agonistic of this pathway. Also, I3C induced a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability as well as inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, using small interfering RNA interference to knockdown AHR responsiveness generated a significant resistance to the chemotherapeutic actions of indole-3-carbinol regarding both cell viability and apoptotic activity. Conclusions Some degree of the cytotoxic and proapoptotic effects of indole-3-carbinol on colon cancer cells is dependent on activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. This represents a novel mechanism for the molecular action of indole-3-carbinol and enhances our understanding of its effects in the context of colorectal cancer. Continued preclinical study of both indole-3-carbinol and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway is warranted, which may one day lead to novel diet-derived colon cancer treatments that enlist the AHR.
The Promises and Pitfalls of Measuring Community College Quality

In this paper we explore the community college (institutional) effect on student outcomes in the nation’s largest public two-year higher education system—the California Community College system. We investigate whether there are significant differences in student outcomes across community college campuses after adjusting for observed student differences and potential unobserved determinates that drive selection. To do so, we leverage a unique administrative dataset that links community college students to their K–12 records in order to control for key student inputs. We find meaningful differences in student outcomes across California’s Community Colleges, after adjusting for differences in student inputs. We also compare college rankings based on unadjusted mean differences with college rankings adjusted for student inputs. Our results suggest that policymakers wishing to rank schools based on quality should adjust such rankings for differences in student-level inputs across campuses.
Analysis of 2003' s element protection operation in power grids

The element protection operation all over China' s grids in 2003 are introduced,including 100 MW and above generator protection,50 Mvar and above synchronous condenser protection,220 kV and a-bove transformer protection,220 kV and above bus protection and failure protection. With fault examples, protection misoperations are analyzed, and their reasons and responsibilities are pointed out. The information of element protection faults is exchanged, and the experiences and lessons are summarized, which helps to improve the whole operation level of element protections.
Small Bowel Obstruction Secondary to Migration of an Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Reservoir: Recognition and Prevention

A patient is described in whom placement of an inflatable penile prosthesis after cystectomy resulted in corporeal erosion with a semirigid rod. He presented 18 months later with small bowel obstruction secondary to migration of the reservoir into the peritoneal cavity and its incorporation into several loops of ileum, necessitating resection of 15 cm. of small bowel. The prevention of this complication is discussed.
SU-D-BRB-04: Nomogram for Prediction, Comparison, and Evaluation of Dose to Normal Tissue in SRS Planning

Purpose: Radiosurgery of brain metastases is a unique treatment planning subset in which the treatment approach, high conformality and steep dose gradients are relatively invariant with varying location, size and shape of the target. Prescription doses are generally limited by the size of tumor or amount of surrounding normal brain receiving intermediate doses. We tabulated our treatment plans to establish a nomogram which provides planning expectations, useful for patient scheduling, planning efficiency, and training purposes. Methods: The clinical treatment plans of 247 individual metastases (0.3–100cc, 1–5 fractions) were processed, after exclusion of targets qualitatively close to a sensitive brain structure. Plans were designed with 3–5 dynamic conformal arcs using BrainLab-Iplan or 1–2 VMAT arcs using Eclipse. The effective prescription (D95) was calculated for each plan, and the total volumes of tissue receiving 10%, 20%, 30%, etc. of that dose were calculated (V10, V20, V30 etc.). These data were fitted against the target equivalent diameter with a 3rd degree polynomial minimizing the least-squares difference, from which the upper and lower quartile fits were generated. Plans were then separated by qualitative concavity of the target, and by MLC type; 0.5cm central leaves versus 0.25cm for Millenium and HD MLCs, respectively. Results: The polynomial fitting all data predicted the treated V50 with an r2 value of 0.97 and a mean error of 3.0 cc. The lower-to-upper-quartile V50 range in cc was 12.2–16.2, 14.6–18.1, and 17.2–20.8 for convex, intermediate, and concave targets. The 0.5cm leaves exhibited 1.5cc higher V50 for the smallest targets over 0.25cm leaves. Conclusion: Planning performance based on institutional knowledge data offers insights into the attainable results before the planning process begins, and provides support during plan evaluation. Our compiled database will be used to compare treatment approaches and to triage patients.
Insertional Mutagenesis of an AAA-Like Gene in Bradyrhizobium japonicum Leads to Increased Levels of Malate Dehydrogenase and Increased Acetylene Reduction Activity by Soybean Nodules

Malate is the most abundant citric acid cycle intermediate in soybean nodules (Stumpf, Burris, 1979). Malate can be metabolized by malate dehydrogenase to form oxaloacetate (Waters et al., 1985), and by the sequential action of NAD-malic enzyme (Driscoll, Finan, 1993) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (Karr et al., 1984) to form acetyl-CoA, providing the C-4 and C-2 metabolites, respectively, necessary for the citric acid cycle. We have isolated the malate dehydrogenase gene (mdh, J.K.Waters, unpublished) from Bradyrhizobium japonicum and found that it is contiguous with the genes for succinyl-CoA thiolase and (-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (Green, Emerich, 1997). A gene with homology to members of the AAA family precedes B. japonicum malate dehydrogenase (Figure 1). The AAA gene family is involved in a variety of functions including transcriptional regulation (Confalonieri, Duget, 1995). Here we describe the effect of an insertion of a kanamycin gene cassette into this AAA-like gene on the level of malate dehydrogenase and on the acetylene reduction activity of soybean nodules.
"Free My Agent": Legal Implications of Professional Athletes' Self-Representation

An increasing number of professional athletes have decided to cut ties with sports agents and represent themselves in player contract negotiations. In the setting of a professional sports league, with a unionized workforce that operates under standard player contracts, what sports agents can offer in contract negotiations is necessarily limited. The player unions themselves recognize this by limiting what sports agents may earn as a contract advisor. The phenomenon of players self-negotiating their contracts has legal implications for the broader sports industry, which this article describes and analyzes, including: Is a new paradigm emerging in which player contract negotiations will more frequently involve self-represented players, and what is feeding it? What complementary services and service providers will fill the gap as more athletes represent themselves in player contract negotiations? What should the role of player unions be in supporting self-represented players in contract negotiations? What are the obligations of professional leagues, teams, and their lawyers who find themselves negotiating with self-represented players? And what, if anything, can sports agents do to adapt to this new paradigm and reconceive their relationships with professional athletes?
Human peripheral late/exhausted memory B cells express a senescent-associated secretory phenotype and preferentially utilize metabolic signaling pathways

The percentage of late/exhausted memory (LM) B cells increases with age and we show here that this is associated with a lower influenza vaccine response. To identify novel contributors to the phenotypic and functional changes observed in aged B cells, we sorted the major peripheral B cell subsets [naive, IgM memory, switched memory (swIg) and late/exhausted memory (LM)] and determined their percentages in the peripheral blood as well as their level of immune activation by measuring basal levels of expression of multiple senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) markers, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α/IL-6/IL-8), inflammatory micro-RNAs (miRs, miR-155/16/93), cell cycle regulators (p16INK4). We found that only memory B cells express SASP markers, and especially the LM B cell subset, which is also showing spontaneous activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the energy sensing enzyme which is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells. LM B cells, but not IgM memory B cells, activate a p38MAPK signaling pathway, downstream of AMPK, leading to the expression of SASP mediators, while class switch recombination is downregulated. These data show that some B cell subsets are more inflammatory than others, that they are pre-activated and that this signaling through metabolic pathways is associated with a senescence phenotype, demonstrating for the first time in human B lymphocytes the link between aging, cellular senescence, SASP and metabolism.
The Hope of Heavenly Healing of Disability Part 1: Theological Issues

ABSTRACTThis is Part 1 of a two-part article. The elimination view affirms that the disabled will be healed in heaven. Amos Yong's retention view, by contrast, suggests that people with disabilities will remain disabled in heaven. In this article, I build a positive case, based on the biblical argument for healing, for the elimination of disabilities in heaven; I then critique Yong's exegetical arguments based on Christ's stigmata and eschatological imagery for the retention view.
Effect of advanced maternal age on maternal and neonatal outcomes in assisted reproductive technology pregnancies.

Abstract Objectives To compare maternal and neonatal outcomes between women with assisted reproductive technologies pregnancy aged Study Design In a population-level analysis study, all live births by ART identified on birth certificate between 2011 and 2014 were extracted (n = 101,494) using data from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention-National Center for Health Statistics (CDC-NCHS). We investigated and compared maternal and neonatal outcomes based on conditions routinely listed on birth certificates. Results Of 101,494 ART live births, 79,786 (78.6%), 16,186 (15.9%), 4637 (4.6%), and 885 (0.9%) were delivered by women aged Conclusions Advanced age ART was significantly associated with higher rates of maternal morbidities. Except for preterm delivery, neonatal outcomes were similar between ART pregnancies in women aged ≥45 years and younger women. These data should be interpreted with caution because of potential confounding by potentially higher use of donor eggs by older women, the exact rates for which we were unable to ascertain from the available data.
Public Preferences About Fairness and the Ethics of Allocating Scarce Medical Interventions

This chapter examines the relationship between social-scientific research on public preferences regarding allocation and ethical inquiry into how resources should be allocated. It also explains how social-scientific researchers might find an understanding of work in ethics useful as they design mechanisms for data collection and analysis. I proceed by first distinguishing the methodologies used in ethics from those used in the social sciences. I then provide an overview of different approaches to the ethics of allocating scarce medical interventions, including an approach—the complete lives system—which I have previously defended, and a brief recap of social-scientific research on the allocation of scarce medical resources. Following these overviews, I examine different ways in which public preferences could matter to the ethics of allocation. Last, I suggest some ways in which social scientists could learn from ethics as they conduct research into public preferences regarding the allocation of scarce medical resources.
How to Assess Students: Beyond Weighted Average

In many practical situations, it is desirable that the students learn all the parts of the material. It is therefore desirable to set up a grading scheme that encourages such learning. We show that the usual scheme of computing the overall grade for the class – as a weighted average of grades for different assignments and exams – does not always encourage such learning.
Community Organizing as Educational Leadership: Lessons From Chicago on the Politics of Racial Justice

The collective power of community members has the potential to shape education reform efforts through activism and community organizing. In this article, we present two cases where community organizers exhibited key leadership strategies designed to influence district decision-making about school closures in Chicago. Employing a mix of interviews, observations, and document analysis, we discuss how community organizing can be used as a framework in which to advocate for racial equity in education. By highlighting the leadership tactics parents and community organizers used to confront the racial injustice of neoliberal reforms, we argue for a broadening of traditional educational leadership paradigms.
Advantages of Constituency: Computational Perspectives on Samoan Word Prosody

In this paper, we computationally implement and compare grammars of Samoan stress patterns that refer to feet and that refer only to syllables in Karttunen’s finite state formalization of Optimality Theory, and in grammars that directly state restrictions on surface stress patterns. The grammars are defined and compared in the high-level language of xfst to engage closely with specific linguistic proposals. While succinctness (size of the grammar) is not affected by referring to feet in the direct grammars, in the OT formalism, the grammar with feet is clearly more succinct. Moreover, a striking difference between the direct and OT grammars is that the OT grammars suffer from scaling problems.
Can software defined radio be used to compromise ADS-B aircraft transponder signals?

Air traffic control is moving from independent primary surveillance radar to the automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) system. This holds the potential of reducing the total cost of deployment and improving the detection accuracy of aircraft. However, as currently being deployed these systems lack strong security mechanisms and are susceptible to a variety of radio frequency attacks. These attacks have been proffered by attackers at hacker conventions and by academic researchers. And many online sites even provide hacking “how-to” instructions on ADS-B. Is it possible for an attacker to manipulate ADS-B to interfere with an aircraft in flight using readily available tools? Using a basic $200 software defined radio (SDR) transceiver we simulated an ADS-B replay attack. Despite the advancement in SDR we find that the quality of SDR transceivers are still insufficient to perform a replay attack.
Using photoelectron spectroscopy in the integration of 2D materials for advanced devices

Abstract The first commercial applications of two dimensional (2D) layered materials such as graphite and MoS2 used their lubricant properties. Following the discovery of graphene and its potential applications in various fields, increased interest has focused on other 2D materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) offering tremendous opportunities in advanced optoelectronics and ultra-thin electronics. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), this review addresses the facets of the device fabrication and integration and correlates at the nanometer scale the device behavior to the TMD properties. Understanding and solving the integration challenges will make the TMD technology jump from the current phase of experimental proof of concept and laboratory research to a relevant prototype demonstration and production phase.
Bayesian Estimation of 3D Chromosomal Structure from Single Cell Hi-C Data

The problem of 3D chromosome structure inference from Hi-C datasets is important and challenging. While bulk Hi-C datasets contain contact information derived from millions of cells, and can capture major structural features shared by the majority of cells in the sample, they do not provide information about local variability between cells. Single cell Hi-C can overcome this problem, but contact matrices are generally very sparse, making structural inference more problematic. We have developed a Bayesian multiscale approach, named SIMBA3D, to infer 3D structures of chromosomes from single cell Hi-C while including the bulk Hi-C data and some regularization terms as a prior. We study the landscape of solutions for each single-cell Hi-C dataset as a function of prior strength and demonstrate clustering of solutions using data from the same cell.
Performance Evaluation of TCP Splitting Over Satellite

In this chapter we evaluate the performance of using TCP spoofing/splitting over satellite via a model-based study and a measurement-based study. Through analysis based on a few mathematical models we attempt to develop a basic understanding of the properties of TCP dynamics when connection spoofing is used, and further identify conditions under which using spoofing provides significant or marginal performance gain. Our measurement results are obtained from a commercial direct broadcast satellite system that uses TCP splitting at the network operating center (NOC). In particular these results show the performance of TCP splitting in combination with web caching. In both the model-based and the measurement-based studies we explore the effect of various factors including file size, congestion, and connection asymmetry. We use results and analysis from our models to better explain observations from the measurement. Finally we discuss the implications our findings and conclusions have on the design, deployment and provisioning of systems using TCP spoofing/splitting.
The effects of canopy management practices on fruit quality of northern-hardy interspecific hybrids of Vitis spp.

The recent release of interspecific hybrid grape cultivars that are hardy for the northern climates of the United States has led to a rapid expansion of the grape and wine industry in the Upper Midwest, as well as other cold-climate regions. These cultivars often exhibit high vegetative vigor and possess fruit quality concerns when their grapes are to be used in wine production. Adaptation in the viticultural practices used to produce the grapes may help to improve fruit quality for winemaking, which could promote increased sales and profitability of the grape and wine industry in the Upper Midwest. This study examines the effectiveness of three canopy management practices to improve irradiance within the fruiting zone of the grapevine canopies of Frontenac, La Crescent, and Marquette grapevines, and their impact on fruit quality for winemaking. The labor required completing the management practices, irradiance, harvest variables, and fruit quality were measured. All canopy management practices required additional labor and provided increased irradiance into the fruiting zone. However, the increased irradiance did not correspond to improved fruit quality. These effects varied across the different cultivars, and no overall relationship between increased labor and increased irradiance or between increased irradiance and improved fruit quality was established across the cultivars. While Frontenac vines required an average of 5.6 additional minutes of labor per vine for any canopy management practice, the practices increased irradiance by about 10.1%. La Crescent vines required an average of 4.4 additional minutes of labor per vine for any canopy management practice and the practices increased irradiance by 16.5% on average. Marquette vines required an average of 7.7
Order of Estimate of Graviton Mass and Its Relationship to Primordial Graviton Wavelength

The following question is asked, how does one get a scaled dimensional value to a non zero graviton mass in the present era, from primordial initial conditions of the universe? Using Valev generated mass of the universe values, as well as a Valev valued radius of the universe in the present era, we derive a massive graviton mass of about 10 to the – 62 grams or nucleongmeVm3829102~102−−××<which puts severe constraints upon the relic graviton wavelength. In doing so, we affirm that the initial gravitons are massively redshift expanded, while also putting severe constraints upon the Hubble parameter. Doing so means using the Visser stress energy tensor for massive gravitons. The results so obtained are consistent with massive redshift stretching of primordial EW (or earlier) GW production. If relic GW and gravitons are not forced to be ultra low frequency, then Lavenda’s questions as to the soundness of inflation have to be revisited
Ecological winners and losers of extreme drought in California

An unprecedented era of climatic volatility is altering ecosystems across our planet1. The potential scale, pace and consequences of this global change have been modelled extensively2, yet little empirical research has quantified the impacts of extreme climate events on the composition of contemporary ecological communities. Here, we quantified the responses of 423 sympatric species of plants, arthropods, birds, reptiles and mammals to California’s drought of 2012–2015—the driest period in the past 1,200 years3 for this global biodiversity hotspot. Plants were most responsive to one-year water deficits, whereas vertebrates responded to longer-term deficits, and extended drought had the greatest impact on carnivorous animals. Locally rare species were more likely to increase in numbers and abundant species were more likely to decline in response to drought, and this negative density dependence was remarkably consistent across taxa and drought durations. Our system-wide analysis reveals that droughts indirectly promote the long-term persistence of rare species by stressing dominant species throughout the food web. These findings highlight processes that shape community structure in highly variable environments and provide insights into whole-community responses to modern climate volatility. California’s 2012–2015 drought is shown to have altered community structure (plants, arthropods, birds, reptiles and mammals), indirectly promoting the long-term persistence of rare species by stressing dominant ones.
Looking back and moving forward: Evaluating and advancing translation from animal models to human studies of early life stress and DNA methylation

Advances in epigenetic methodologies have deepened theoretical explanations of mechanisms linking early life stress (ELS) and disease outcomes and suggest promising targets for intervention. To date, however, human studies have not capitalized on the richness of diverse animal models to derive and systematically evaluate specific and testable hypotheses. To promote cross-species dialog and scientific advance, here we provide a classification scheme to systematically evaluate the match between characteristics of human and animal studies of ELS and DNA methylation. Three preclinical models were selected that are highly cited, and that differ in the nature and severity of the ELS manipulation as well as in the affected epigenetic loci (the licking and grooming, maternal separation, and caregiver maltreatment models). We evaluated the degree to which human studies matched these preclinical models with respect to the timing of ELS and of DNA methylation assessment, as well as the type of ELS, whether sex differences were explicitly examined, the tissue sampled, and the targeted loci. Results revealed <50% match (range of 8-83%) between preclinical models and human work on these variables. Immediate and longer-term suggestions to improve translational specificity are offered, with the goal of accelerating scientific advance.
Neural networks for 3D temperature field reconstruction via acoustic signals

Abstract Reconstructed 3D temperature field will provide critical input for the control mechanisms to optimize the thermal fluids and combustion process. In this paper, a distributed optical fiber sensing system is used to generate acoustic signals for real-time monitoring and optimization of spatial and temporal distributions of high temperature profile in a boiler furnace in fossil power plants. A code division multiple access (CDMA) based acoustic signal modulation technique for improved signal to noise ratio (SNR) and simultaneous sending/receiving is developed. A kernel regression model which approximates the temperature field as a finite summation of products of space-dependent Gaussian Radial Basis Functions (GRBF) and time-dependent coefficients is established. The inversion problem to estimate the best parameters of Gaussian functions is solved by optimizing a cost function using gradient descent method. Guidance on how to tune design parameters is also given. And regularization is applied for solving the trade-off problem between bias and variance. The numerical simulations show an approximation error less than 5% in 3D temperature field reconstruction. Besides that, the performance of learned model with variation of some relevant design parameters is evaluated, and error analysis for temperature field reconstruction with measurement noise is also given. To validate the availability and efficiency of our proposed 3D temperature field reconstruction mechanism, a 2D temperature field distribution experiment test on microphone is carried out and satisfactory estimation accuracy is achieved.
Application of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Forecasting Neurological Injury and Recovery after Human Cervical Spinal Cord Injury.

Abstract The aim of this study is to determine the strength and accuracy of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters to predict neurological injury and recovery in adult cervical spinal cord injur...
Perceived Racial Discrimination as a Context for Parenting in African American and European American Youth

One of the ways children begin to learn how to navigate through experiences of racial discrimination may be modeling and discussion from their socializers. Parents are the primary socializers during early childhood. Parents transmit their own beliefs, values, and attitudes to their children through socialization practices via messages and behaviors. In addition, parents’ race-related socialization practices are linked to positive youth development for African American children and youth. For African American parents, these different contexts can shape the decisions of where, when, and how racial socialization messages and behaviors are transmitted to their children in an effort to promote gains in their cognitive, behavioral, and socio-emotional development. Hence, gaining a better understanding of how these different contextual factors affect African American parents’ socialization agendas and their children’s developmental pathways is crucial.
Expanding the LISA Horizon from the Ground

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) gravitational-wave (GW) observatory will be limited in its ability to detect mergers of binary black holes (BBHs) in the stellar-mass range. A future ground-based detector network, meanwhile, will achieve by the LISA launch date a sensitivity that ensures complete detection of all mergers within a volume $g\mathcal{O}(10)\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{Gpc}}^{3}$. We propose a method to use the information from the ground to revisit the LISA data in search for subthreshold events. By discarding spurious triggers that do not overlap with the ground-based catalogue, we show that the signal-to-noise threshold ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{LISA}}$ employed in LISA can be significantly lowered, greatly boosting the detection rate. The efficiency of this method depends predominantly on the rate of false-alarm increase when the threshold is lowered and on the uncertainty in the parameter estimation for the LISA events. As an example, we demonstrate that while all current LIGO BBH-merger detections would have evaded detection by LISA when employing a standard ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{LISA}}=8$ threshold, this method will allow us to easily (possibly) detect an event similar to GW150914 (GW170814) in LISA. Overall, we estimate that the total rate of stellar-mass BBH mergers detected by LISA can be boosted by a factor $\ensuremath{\sim}4$ ($\ensuremath{\gtrsim}8$) under conservative (optimistic) assumptions. This will enable new tests using multiband GW observations, significantly aided by the greatly increased lever arm in frequency.
Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty provides stability and better function than hemiarthroplasty following resection of proximal humerus tumors.

Background Tumors may necessitate resection of a substantial portion of the proximal humerus and surrounding soft tissues, making reconstruction challenging. We evaluated outcomes in patients undergoing treatment of tumors of the proximal humerus with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) or shoulder hemiarthroplasty. Methods Patients who underwent rTSA (n = 10) or shoulder hemiarthroplasty (n = 37) for tumors of the proximal humerus in 2009 to 2017 were reviewed. Of these patients, 27 had died, leaving 20 for review. The mean follow-up period of the survivors was 27.1 months. They were evaluated clinically and contacted to determine the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Simple Shoulder Test score, and visual analog scale score. Results Postoperative complications occurred in 13 hemiarthroplasty patients (34%). Tumor recurrence occurred in 3 hemiarthroplasty patients (7.9%), whereas in the rTSA group, 1 patient (10%) had a postoperative complication, with no recurrences. One hemiarthroplasty patient required revision surgery with rTSA to improve shoulder function. Six dislocations and two subluxations occurred in the hemiarthroplasty group, whereas no subluxations occurred in the rTSA group (P = .14). Mean range of motion was 85° of forward flexion for rTSA patients (n = 10) compared with 28° for hemiarthroplasty patients (P Conclusion Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty can reproducibly reconstruct the shoulder in patients requiring oncologic proximal humerus resection. Patients have good outcomes, better range of motion, and no increase in instability rates compared with hemiarthroplasty.
Chemical Modification of Photinia × fraseri Plant Size and Lateral Branching

Abstract Five plant growth regulators were applied to container-grown Photinia × fraseri as foliar sprays to determine their influences on plant size and lateral branching. Height, width, and later...
Minimal deuterium isotope effects in quantitation of dimethyl-labeled complex proteomes analyzed with capillary zone electrophoresis/mass spectrometry

Stable heavy-isotope labeling is commonly used in quantitative proteomics. Several common techniques incorporate deuterium (2 H) as the heavy isotopic label using reductive amination with formaldehyde. Compared with alternatives, dimethyl labeling reagents are inexpensive and the labeling chemistry is simple and rapid. However, the substitution of hydrogen by deuterium can introduce subtle changes in peptides' polarities, leading to a shift in chromatographic retention times between deuterated and nondeuterated peptides that can lead to quantification deviations. Capillary zone electrophoresis has emerged as a complementary separation for ESI-MS-based proteomics, including targeted and quantitative approaches. The extent to which the deuterium isotope effect impacts CZE-based proteomics, which separates peptides based on their S/N ratios, has not been investigated. To address this issue, CZE was used to analyze dimethyl labeled E. coli tryptic digests in 100 min single-shot analyses. The median migration time shift was 0.1 s for light versus heavy labeled peptides, which is 2.5% of the peak width. For comparison, nUHPLC-ESI-MS/MS was used to analyze the same sample. In UPLC, deuterated peptides tended to elute earlier than nondeuterated peptides, with a retention shift of 3 s for light versus heavy labeled peptides, which is roughly half the peak width. This shift in separation time did not have a significant effect on quantitation for either method for equal mixing ratios of the light-intermediate-heavy isotope labeled samples.
Analysis of epidemic characteristics of imported malaria cases in Beijing

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases in Beijing.Methods The epidemiological data of malaria cases reported in Beijing during 2011-2012 were collected and analyzed.Blood samples of the cases were collected and tested in laboratory.All data were statistically analyzed with Microsoft Excel 2003.Results A total of 142 malaria cases were reported in Beijing during 2011-2012,including 92 cases of P.falciparum,20 cases ofP.vivax,1 case ofP.malariae and P.ovale respectively,23 case with undecided type.All of them were imported abroad.Imported cases from Afirca accounted for 92.96％.There were 67 cases of residents in Beijing,the others coming from foreign countries or other provinces.The proportion of severe cases was 50.70％ and the cases which were diagnosed as malaria within 10 d accounted for 84.51％.The misdiagnosis rate of first visit to hospital was 35.21％.Among 5 deaths,there was 1 case who was diagnosed as malaria at his first visit to hospital,3 cases were diagnosed as influenza and the information of 1 case was missing.There were 2 cases co-infected with Dengue virus in 2012.Conclusion All the malaria cases reported in Beijing during 2011-2012 were imported abroad,mainly coming from Africa.Most of the cases were infected with P.falciparum.There was a certain degree of misdiagnosis due to the doctors' poor awareness to malaria. Key words: Imported malaria; P.falciparum; Epidemiological characteristics
Non-intrusive model reduction of large-scale, nonlinear dynamical systems using deep learning

Abstract Projection-based model reduction has become a popular approach to reduce the cost associated with integrating large-scale dynamical systems so they can be used in many-query settings such as optimization and uncertainty quantification. For nonlinear systems, significant cost reduction is only possible with an additional layer of approximation to reduce the computational bottleneck of evaluating the projected nonlinear terms. Prevailing methods to approximate the nonlinear terms are code intrusive, potentially requiring years of development time to integrate into an existing codebase, and have been known to lack parametric robustness. This work develops a non-intrusive method to efficiently and accurately approximate the expensive nonlinear terms that arise in reduced nonlinear dynamical system using deep neural networks. The neural network is trained using only the simulation data used to construct the reduced basis and evaluations of the nonlinear terms at these snapshots. Once trained, the neural network-based reduced-order model only requires forward and backward propagation through the network to evaluate the nonlinear term and its derivative, which are used to integrate the reduced dynamical system at a new parameter configuration. We provide two numerical experiments – the dynamical systems result from the semi-discretization of parametrized, nonlinear, hyperbolic partial differential equations – that show, in addition to non-intrusivity, the proposed approach provides more stable and accurate approximations to each dynamical system across a large number of training and testing points than the popular empirical interpolation method.
The role of population and quantitative genetics and modern sequencing technologies to understand evolved herbicide resistance and weed fitness

Evolution of resistance to multiple herbicides with different sites of action and of nontarget site resistance (NTSR) often involves multiple genes. Thus, single-gene analyses, typical in studies of target site resistance, are not sufficient for understanding the genetic architecture and dynamics of NTSR and multiple resistance. The genetics of weed adaptation to varied agricultural environments is also generally expected to be polygenic. Recent advances in whole-genome sequencing as well as bioinformatic and statistical tools have made it possible to use population and quantitative genetics methods to expand our understanding of how resistance and other traits important for weed adaptation are genetically controlled at the individual and population levels, and to predict responses to selection pressure by herbicides and other environmental factors. The use of tools such as quantitative trait loci mapping, genome-wide association studies, and genomic prediction will allow pest management scientists to better explain how pests adapt to control tools and how specific genotypes thrive and spread across agroecosystems and other human-disturbed systems. The challenge will be to use this knowledge in developing integrated weed management systems that inhibit broad resistance to current and future weed-control methods. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Pediatric Emergency Medicine Simulation Curriculum: Bacterial Tracheitis.

Introduction Pediatric bacterial tracheitis is a rare but life-threatening upper airway infection with mortality rates estimated as high as 20%, typically affecting children between 6 months and 12...
In situ monitoring for fused filament fabrication process: A review

Abstract Real-time monitoring of the additive manufacturing process offers the promise of guaranteeing product quality and increasing the efficiency of the printing process. This paper summarizes research results for the in situ monitoring of the printing process for the fused filament fabrication process. To have a systematic and comprehensive summary, different methods, devices, and achievements in a range of monitoring systems for 3D printing are described. Sensor types and devices used in the literature for printer health-state monitoring and printing process product quality monitoring are summarized. Discussion of current and future research directions concludes the review.
Findings Associated With a Novel Program Designed to Support Indigenous Faculty Members of U.S. Health Professions Schools

Purpose: Recent studies on programs designed to support Indigenous faculty are lacking. Expanding numbers of successful Indigenous health faculty could help to improve delivery of culturally appropriate/responsive health care for Indigenous people. Methods: We enrolled nine American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) faculty participants in 2017 and 53 in 2018 in an Indigenous Faculty Forum (IFF). We provided instruction on academic advancement, addressed unique cultural considerations, and fostered networking and ongoing career support for AIAN faculty. We used a post-session survey, including the 22-item Diversity and Engagement Survey (DES) and focus groups, to assess initial reactions to the program and a follow-up survey to assess change at 1 year. Findings: Participants in both IFF sessions were predominantly female, most often aged 35–44 and from primary care disciplines. Two faculty members rose to a higher rank during the 1-year follow-up period. Findings from the DES illustrated that Common Purpose, Equitable Reward and Recognition, Cultural Competence, Trust, a Sense of Belonging, and Appreciation of Individual Attributes increased slightly from post-session to 1 year. The greatest change was for Respect, which increased from a mean of 3.42 (SD = 0.77) to 3.76 (SD = 0.67), p = .05. Focus group findings revealed that mentoring that includes the cultural perspectives of AIAN is lacking, as is respect for these faculty from the academic community, though survey findings showed respect improved over time. Conclusions: More tailored work is needed to support AIAN in U.S. academic settings if they are to achieve academic success and become role models for others entering academic settings.
Statement on P-values

Null hypothesis testing is a foundational stone of statistical analysis. The “p-value” has evolved to play a critical role in hypothesis testing. Nonetheless, use of p-values carries with it some c...
Software Architecture and Software Design

Software architecture is defined as the strategic design of an activity concerned with global requirements. Its solution is implemented in programming paradigms, architectural styles, component-based software engineering standards, architectural patterns, security, scale, integration, and law-governed regularities. Functional design, also described as tactical design, is an activity concerned with local requirements governing a solution such as algorithms, design patterns, programming idioms, refactoring, and low-level implementation. In this paper, I would like to introduce some concepts of software architecture and software design, as well as the relationship between them
A retrospective evaluation of point of care ultrasound for acute cholecystitis in a tertiary academic hospital setting.

BACKGROUND In 2008 the Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors delineated consensus recommendations for training in biliary ultrasound for the "detection of biliary pathology". OBJECTIVES While studies have looked at the accuracy of emergency provider performed clinical ultrasound (ECUS), we sought to evaluated if ECUS could be diagnostic for acute cholecystitis and thus obviate the need for follow-up imaging. METHOD We reviewed all ECUS performed between 2012 and 2017 that had a matching radiology performed ultrasound (RADUS) and a discharge diagnosis. 332 studies were identified. The sensitivity and specificity of both ECUS and RADUS were compared to the patient's discharge diagnosis. The agreement between the ECUS and RADUS was assessed using an unweighted Cohen's Kappa. The time from patient arrival to diagnosis by ECUS and RADUS was also compared. RESULTS Using discharge diagnosis as the gold standard ECUS was 67% (56-78%) sensitive, 88% (84-92%) specific, NPV 90% (87-95%), PPV 60% (50-71%), +LR 5.6 (3.9-8.2), -LR 0.37 (0.27-0.52) for acute cholecystitis. RADUS was 76% (66-87%) sensitive, 97% (95-99%) specific, NPV 95% (092-97%), PPV 86% (76-95%), +LR 25.6 (12.8-51.4), and -LR 0.24 (0.15-0.38). ECUS was able to detect gallstones with 93% (89-96%) sensitivity and 94% (90-98%) specificity leading to a NPV 90% (85-95%), PPV of 95% (92-98%), +LR 14.5 (7.7-27.4), -LR 0.08 (0.05-0.13). The unweighted kappa between ECUS and RADUS was 0.57. The median time between obtaining ECUS vs. RADUS diagnosis was 124 min. CONCLUSIONS ECUS can be beneficial in ruling out acute cholecystitis, but lacks the test characteristics to be diagnostic for acute cholecystitis.
Health Sciences Interprofessional Collaborative: A Perspective on Migration, COVID-19, and the Impact on Indigenous Communities

At the United States-Mexico border, the impacts of immigration policy are dynamic with political, humanitarian, and health outcomes. This article highlights the experiences at the Casa Alitas migrant shelter in Tucson, Arizona. Casa Alitas aims to meet the needs of the im/migrants it serves, including the unique needs of indigenous asylum-seekers from Central America. We highlight the importance of community-based humanitarian response to support asylum-seekers in a way that acknowledges our shared humanity and implements specific approaches (e.g., language justice and trauma informed care). The effort at Casa Alitas is unique because in addition to other partnerships, Casa Alitas established an interprofessional collaboration between the University of Arizona Health Sciences Colleges and the Arizona State University School of Social Work. The interprofessional collaboration encourages mutual education amongst our professions and the use of our extended networks to meet the needs of im/migrants and asylum seekers in our community and the United States. We recommend the development of best practices in asylum health care, the importance of creating border-wide networks to build on local resources, and highlight the importance of exposing future health practitioners to trauma informed and culturally and linguistically appropriate care.
Halo clustering and g NL -type primordial non-gaussianity

A wide range of multifield inflationary models generate non-Gaussian initial conditions in which the initial adiabatic fluctuation is of the form (ζ{sub G}+g{sub NL}ζ{sub G}{sup 3}). We study halo clustering in these models using two different analytic methods: the peak-background split framework, and brute force calculation in a barrier crossing model, obtaining agreement between the two. We find a simple, theoretically motivated expression for halo bias which agrees with N-body simulations and can be used to constrain g{sub NL} from observations. We discuss practical caveats to constraining g{sub NL} using only observable properties of a tracer population, and argue that constraints obtained from populations whose observed bias is ∼<2.5 are generally not robust to uncertainties in modeling the halo occupation distribution of the population.
Impact of 2 days of staging at 2500-4300 m on sleep quality and quantity following subsequent exposure to 4300 m.

The impact of 2 days of staging at 2500-4300 m on sleep quality and quantity following subsequent exposure to 4300 m was determined. Forty-eight unacclimatized men and women were randomly assigned to stage for 2 days at one of four altitudes (2500, 3000, 3500, or 4300 m) prior to assessment on the summit of Pikes Peak (4300 m) for 2 days. Volunteers slept for one night at sea level (SL), two nights at respective staging altitudes, and two nights at Pikes Peak. Each wore a pulse oximeter to measure sleep arterial oxygen saturation (sSpO2 , %) and number of desaturations (DeSHr, events/hr) and a wrist motion detector to estimate sleep awakenings (Awak, awakes/hr) and sleep efficiency (Eff, %). Acute mountain sickness (AMS) was assessed using the Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire and daytime SpO2 was assessed after AMS measurements. The mean of all variables for both staging days (STG) and Pikes Peak days (PP) was calculated. The sSpO2 and daytime SpO2 decreased (p 0.05) between groups. At PP, the sSpO2 , DeSHr, Awak, and Eff were similar among all groups but the 2500 m group had greater AMS symptoms (p < 0.05) than the other groups. Two days of staging at 2500-4300 m induced a similar degree of sleep acclimatization during subsequent ascent to 4300 m but the 2500 m group was not protected against AMS at 4300 m.