cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Transfer in Distributed Software Support with a Traceability Framework

Distributed software support has become increasingly common especially due to the rampant globalization of the software development process. Transfer of contextual knowledge across stakeholders involved in such distributed environments is critical to successful product development and support. Timely transfer of appropriate knowledge about issues faced in production environments to support teams and within support teams can result in significant economic benefits. Failure to share contextual knowledge and lack of common understanding significantly impact the quality of support. We draw from the literature on knowledge transfer and adaptive structuration theory to develop a theoretical basis and an approach to knowledge transfer in distributed software support contexts. Based on a multi-site case study, we develop a traceability framework to enhance shared understanding among team members. A qualitative evaluation of the usefulness of our traceability-based approach to knowledge transfer is presented.
Decision announcements in small claims court: A recurring judge dilemma

Abstract This study analyzes judges’ decision announcements at the end of small claims hearings when the judge informs the parties who has won. Background on US small claims courts is provided, and the data and grounded practical theory, the analytic approach, are described. Then, we overview the small claims decision announcement genre, describe key areas of variation among judges, and identify and explicate a recurring problem built into the design of small claims proceedings. Cases that pit what is legally correct against what commonsense fairness dictates can be troublesome for judges and this trouble is marked discursively in judge announcements. The paper concludes by describing the challenge this raises for the development of grounded practical theory.
What can artificial languages reveal about morphosyntactic processing in bilinguals

This article reviews work that has employed artificial languages to investigate the learning and processing of additional language grammar in bilinguals, with a focus on morphosyntactic processing in sentence contexts. The article first discusses research that has utilized artificial languages to elucidate two central issues in research on bilingual third language learning and processing: the role of prior language-learning experience and cross-linguistic transfer from the native and second languages to the third. Then, research that has compared bilingual third language to monolingual second language grammar processing is discussed, with specific consideration of hypothesized bilingual advantages at language learning. Finally, future directions in artificial language learning research on bilingual morphosyntactic processing are considered.
Open Sharing of Behavioral Research Datasets: Breaking Down the Boundaries of the Research Team

Behavior is the lynchpin underlying many of the most vexing problems in public health. Behavior can contribute to the progression or prevention of disease, define a disorder or mark recovery, and provide mechanisms for therapeutic intervention. Clinicians and health researchers have many robust and reliable tools at hand—from blood assays to brain or whole body images—for measuring people’s physical health. But, the tools for measuring healthy and at-risk behaviors are severely limited. Here, we argue that a readily available, inexpensive, and profoundly powerful tool already exists for capturing the complexity and richness of many health-related human behaviors– video recording. Video captures subtle, real-time dimensions of behavior that standardized observational or self-report instruments ignore or grossly simplify. Video also captures the nuances and vital details of experimental procedures more completely and accurately than do written protocols or the “methods sections” of published articles. Although video contains identifiable information such as faces and voices, video data can be securely but openly shared with other researchers using the policy framework and technology developed by the Databrary (databrary.org) digital data library. None of the rich information contained in video must be lost. Trained human coders can systematically extract the essential information using fast, efficient, low-cost annotation tools, and video can be subsequently mined and reused by other researchers to ask additional questions. By making commonplace secure video sharing about health-related behaviors, we can break down barriers between diverse and geographically dispersed research teams, increase scientific transparency, and hasten the pace of disease prevention and health promotion.
NUCLEOPROTEIN CORE PARTICLES IN CHROMATIN SUBUNITS: EXISTENCE OF A COMPLEX OF EIGHT HISTONES AND 140 NUCLEOTIDE PAIRS OF DNA

ABSTRACT Digestion of chromatin in erythrocyte nuclei under a variety of conditions leads to the following conclusions: (1) The size of DNA in the nuclease-resistant core particles in chromatin is 140 base pairs. This resistant DNA is associated with an average of two each of the “inner” histones, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 to form ∼200, 000 daltons core particles. (2) These core particles are separated by spacer regions averaging 40 base pairs of DNA in chicken erythrocytes. The size may be different in other chromatins. There appears to be some heterogeneity in the spacer length of DNA between particles. (3) The sum of the 140 base pairs DNA in the core particle plus the 40 base pairs average spacer DNA yields 180 base pairs for the repeating unit of chicken erythrocyte chromatin. This is comparable to the ∼200 base pair-subunit repeat reported for other mammalian chromatins. (4) The “outer” hi stone H1 and H5 and non-histone proteins are associated predominantly with spacer regions of DNA which connect two core particles. We conclude that a complex of eight histones and 140 base pairs of DNA (rather than ∼200 base pairs as suggested by others) is the fundamental nucleohistone unit common to all chromatin .
A pharmacy-based intervention to improve safe over-the-counter medication use in older adults.

Abstract Background For older adults, health risks from inappropriate use of over-the-counter (OTC) medications represent a prevalent clinical and public health challenge. Focus groups with pharmacists led to the identification of a number of systems barriers to pharmacists supporting the safe selection and use of OTC medications by this population. Such feedback informed the development of the Senior Section™, a physical redesign that located a curated inventory of lower-risk OTC medications proximal to the prescription department. Objectives To determine whether implementation of the Senior Section resulted in improvements to the ability of pharmacy staff to engage with older adult patients to support OTC medication safety issues. Methods A qualitative approach, in which pharmacy staff from 4 pharmacies within a single chain participated in a semi-structured interview, was used to evaluate the implementation of the Senior Section in their pharmacies. Interview transcripts underwent a deductive and iterative content analysis. Results Eight pharmacists and 5 technicians were interviewed. They viewed the Senior Section as contributing to notable improvements in proximity, medication safety, convenience, and patient selection behaviors. The Senior Section's safer OTC inventory and its sectional layout, its relationship to the prescription department, and its signage served to enhance its usefulness as an OTC safety improvement intervention. Moreover, it functioned beneficially while streamlining the coordination of services with between pharmacists and technicians, and did not interfere with existing pharmacy workflows. Conclusions Pharmacy staff believed that the Senior Section facilitated their ability to engage with older adults to support safe OTC selection and use and thus to reduce OTC-related harms.
Applications of CRISPR-Cas systems in lactic acid bacteria

As a phenotypically and phylogenetically diverse group, lactic acid bacteria are found in a variety of natural environments and occupy important roles in medicine, biotechnology, food and agriculture. The widespread use of lactic acid bacteria across these industries fuels the need for new and functionally diverse strains that may be utilized as starter cultures or probiotics. Originally characterized in lactic acid bacteria, CRISPR-Cas systems and derived molecular machines can be used natively or exogenously to engineer new strains with enhanced functional attributes. Research on CRISPR-Cas biology and its applications has exploded over the past decade with studies spanning from the initial characterization of CRISPR-Cas immunity in Streptococcus thermophilus to the use of CRISPR-Cas for clinical gene therapies. Here, we discuss CRISPR-Cas classification, overview CRISPR biology and mechanism of action, and discuss current and future applications in lactic acid bacteria, opening new avenues for their industrial exploitation and manipulation of microbiomes.
Chronic Facial Pain: Trigeminal Neuralgia, Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain, and Myofascial Pain Syndrome—An Evidence-Based Narrative Review and Etiological Hypothesis

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), the most common form of severe facial pain, may be confused with an ill-defined persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP). Facial pain is reviewed and a detailed discussion of TN and PIFP is presented. A possible cause for PIFP is proposed. (1) Methods: Databases were searched for articles related to facial pain, TN, and PIFP. Relevant articles were selected, and all systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included. (2) Discussion: The lifetime prevalence for TN is approximately 0.3% and for PIFP approximately 0.03%. TN is 15–20 times more common in persons with multiple sclerosis. Most cases of TN are caused by neurovascular compression, but a significant number are secondary to inflammation, tumor or trauma. The cause of PIFP remains unknown. Well-established TN treatment protocols include pharmacotherapy, neurotoxin denervation, peripheral nerve ablation, focused radiation, and microvascular decompression, with high rates of relief and varying degrees of adverse outcomes. No such protocols exist for PIFP. (3) Conclusion: PIFP may be confused with TN, but treatment possibilities differ greatly. Head and neck muscle myofascial pain syndrome is suggested as a possible cause of PIFP, a consideration that could open new approaches to treatment.
"A LEAP 2 conclusions? Targeting the ghrelin system to treat obesity and diabetes".

Abstract Background The hormone ghrelin stimulates food intake, promotes adiposity, increases body weight, and elevates blood glucose. Consequently, alterations in plasma ghrelin levels and the functioning of other components of the broader ghrelin system have been proposed as potential contributors to obesity and diabetes. Furthermore, targeting the ghrelin system has been proposed as a novel therapeutic strategy for obesity and diabetes. Scope of review The current review focuses on the potential for targeting ghrelin and other proteins comprising the ghrelin system as a treatment for obesity and diabetes. The main components of the ghrelin system are introduced. Data supporting a role for the endogenous ghrelin system in the development of obesity and diabetes along with data that seemingly refute such a role are outlined. An argument for further research into the development of ghrelin system-targeted therapeutic agents is delineated. Also, an evidence-based discussion of potential factors and contexts that might influence the efficacy of this class of therapeutics is provided. Major conclusions It would not be a “leap to” conclusions to suggest that agents which target the ghrelin system – including those that lower acyl-ghrelin levels, raise LEAP2 levels, block GHSR activity, and/or raise desacyl-ghrelin signaling – could represent efficacious novel treatments for obesity and diabetes.
The Gift of Solidarity: Women Navigating Jewellery Work and Patriarchal Norms in Rural West Bengal, India:

In the context of declining women’s participation in the formal economy in India, this article looks at how women’s work in the informal sector of jewellery-making emerges as a gift. Gendered disco...
Evolving NASA's Data and Information Systems for Earth Science

The Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) project at GSFC (Goddard Space Flight Center) maintains and operates a data and information system for NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD) and its Earth Science Division (ESD) to support multidisciplinary research in Earth science and public data access.
Comparison of clinical efficacy, subjective user experience, and safety for two different core biopsy needles, the Achieve® and Marquee®

To compare clinical efficacy, subjective radiologist preference, and complication rates for two different core biopsy needles, the Achieve® and Marquee®. Retrospective review included consecutive patients who underwent 18 gauge non-targeted core liver biopsy, 30 with Achieve® (Merit Medical) and 30 with Marquee® (BD Bard) Pathologist (blinded to needle type) reviewed specimen total length, maximum width, and portal triad count. Sixteen radiologists subjectively rated (1 to 5(best)) each needle for cocking, firing, recoil, chamber exposure, handling, and overall. A medical records search of all (targeted and non-targeted) core liver biopsies 1/1/17–9/30/2020 compared rates of major (requiring transfusion and/or embolization) and minor (self-limited bleeding) hemorrhagic complications. Comparison between needle types was performed using t-test. For Achieve® and Marquee® needles, the respective mean (SD) for total length(mm) was 29.7(7.0) and 31.9(4.6), p = 0.1; max width(mm) was 0.78(0.1) and 0.85(0.1), p < 0.01; and number of portal triads was 15.3(5.3) and 17.3(5.3), p = 0.2. Radiologists subjectively preferred the Marquee® for several measures including cocking, chamber exposure, and overall (p < 0.02 for each), while the needles were rated similarly for firing, recoil, and handling. Review of 800 cases showed no difference in major (1.0% Achieve®, 1.9% Marquee®, p = 0.5) or minor (1.5% Achieve®, 0.5% Marquee®, p = 0.3) rates of hemorrhagic complications. Liver biopsy specimens were significantly wider with Marquee® compared to Achieve®. Radiologists preferred the Marquee® for multiple tactile measures, while the major complication rate was not significantly different. While both needles have a similar side-notch design, the Marquee® needle demonstrates better sample quality and higher user preference, without compromising safety.
Understanding Human Perception of Vibrotactile Feedback on the Foot in a Virtual Reality Framework for Applications in Sports Performance

The purpose of this study is to understand human perception of haptic feedback on the foot and validate a potential haptic-foot-feedback system for rehabilitation and virtual reality simulation. This study would provide insight into the design of haptic feedback systems and human perception involving vibrations on the sole and dorsal portion of the foot. The subject was set up with a disposable try-on sock and a haptic feedback device. The subject participated in 1 haptic feedback session that lasted approximately 1 hour. The haptic feedback was split into 5 procedures for 4 different conditions. The results of the experiment have shown subjects to have an average accuracy of 80% when trying to identify single motor vibrations on 12 discrete locations on the foot. When subjects experienced 2 simultaneous vibrations, they averaged 67.5% accuracy when identifying discrete motor locations. Subjects averaged accuracy of 57.4% during 3 simultaneous vibrations. The subjects averaged 79.8% accuracy when identifying the exact location and sequence of 3 motor vibrations spaced out by 0.5 seconds. The subjects averaged 67.9% accuracy when identifying 4 different shapes of vibrations on the sole. Overall, subjects averaged 71.2% accuracy throughout the entire procedure. An ANOVA concluded the type of motor was not statistically significant to the human perception and demonstrated a statistical significance on the number of simultaneous vibrations during feedback (p<.001). The results of this study show a basis for understanding human perception of vibrotactile feedback on the foot with potential applications in sports performance and rehabilitation.
Corrigendum to “The engulfment of a precipitated particle in a saturated melt during solidification” [J. Crystal Growth 577 (2022) 126400]

Abstract A rigorous, finite-element model is employed to study the engulfment of a precipitated solid particle during solidification in a saturated melt, in which solute segregation, compositional effects on melting temperature, and reaction of the solute with the particle occur. The case of a silicon carbide (SiC) particle approaching a solid-liquid interface in a silicon melt supersaturated with carbon is specifically considered. Critical engulfment velocities are computed for particles with different surface reaction rates, as characterized by the Damkohler number, a dimensionless ratio of reaction to diffusion. Consistent with prior studies, an inert particle is predicted to be more likely to be engulfed when solute effects are present. However, a particle with fast surface reaction is less likely to be engulfed than in a system without solute effects, which is likely relevant for SiC particles during silicon crystal growth. Most interestingly, a particle for which the surface reaction is characterized by a Damkohler number of order unity is predicted to never be engulfed.
Executive Information Systems: A Guide for Senior Management and MIS Professionals

Preface An Overview of Executive Information Systems An Introduction to Executive Information Systems Executive Decision Making in an EIS Environment Bibliography, Part I Computer Hardware and Software Found in Executive Information Systems Computer Hardware in an EIS Environment Computer Software in an EIS Environment Bibliography, Part II Development of Executive Information Systems Implementing a Successful Executive Information System Bibliography, Part III Applications Found in Typical Executive Information Systems Strategic Planning in an EIS Environment Marketing in an EIS Environment Manufacturing in an EIS Environment Finance in an EIS Environment Personnel in an EIS Environment Bibliography, Part IV Index
Approximate Wide-Range Equation of State for Hydrogen

A very simple but approximate equation of state, while not adequate for computation of thermal properties, may, if valid over a wide range, be useful as a concise representation of the mechanical properties of a fluid. In particular it provides a continuous reference with which to compare experimental PVT data for purposes of smoothing, accomplished by examining differences.
Pessimism as Risk-Management

The cognitive model of depression proposes that individuals who predict that the future will result in negative outcomes are more likely to maintain their depression and are more likely to have recurrent episodes of depression (Beck, 1976; Beck et al., 1987). Moreover, attribution models of helplessness and hopelessness stress the centrality of negative predictions that are based on explanations of failure that refer to internal, stable attributes, such as ability (Abramson, Teasdale, & Seligman, 1978; Abramson, Metalsky, & Alloy, 1989; Alloy, Abramson, Metalsky, & Hartledge, 1988). Pessimism may result from the individual’s belief that she lacks the ability to effect positive outcomes. Given the relationship between pessimism, low self-esteem, and depression, one can wonder about the apparent “irrationality” of maintaining a belief that results in such negative outcomes for the individual. The view advanced in the present paper is that pessimism may be based on a self-protective strategy.
Inner City Involvement for Prospective Health Teachers

(1971). Inner City Involvement for Prospective Health Teachers. School Health Review: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 25-26.
Mobilizing modernist magazines : Peter Sloterdijk and the Transatlantic review.

Many early examinations of “little magazines,” or avant-garde modernist publications, tend to focus on the biographical narratives of their editors or center their discussion on early versions of canonical works in order to develop a greater understanding of the body of work itself. Works like Bernard Poli’s Ford Madox Ford and the Transatlantic Review follow this biographical model, and while well researched and informative, Poli's study strictly focuses on the role Ford played in the publication; in doing so, it limits what can be said about the review’s project to the local editorial level. This thesis, by contrast, seeks to extend modernist studies and the examination of modernist magazines into the field of post-human studies. By looking at magazines like the review as tools of bio-power and examining them in relation to massive communicative systems, this thesis develops a foundation to explore this moment of radical technological, informational, and cultural expansion using language developed by New German Media theorists such as Peter Sloterdijk and Vilem Flusser.
A methodology for evaluating and planning future airborne networks

Future military airborne networks is composed of a variety of different aircraft, and each of these aircraft may have a number of different communications options available. As the air force migrates to a single cohesive network, rather than a series of disparate links, it is necessary to determine the best manner in which to interconnect all the different platforms and communications links. In this paper a general methodology for determining the capacity of an airborne network is presented. This methodology applies to almost any airborne network, provides insight into the capabilities of such a network, and can act as a tool for communications planning of the network. It is shown how this methodology can be used to analyze a representative scenario.
While Rome Burned: Fire, Leadership, and Urban Disaster in the Roman Cultural Imagination

Images of urban conflagration had a powerful hold on the ancient Roman literary imagination. This phenomenon represents a unique confluence between literary tradition and urban reality: Greco-Roman literature offers a wide array of poetic, philosophical and historiographic reflections of cities destroyed by fire, yet daily life in ancient Rome was haunted by the very real fear of conflagration. The major investigative goal of this project is the exploration of the ways in which Romans authors used powerful images of fiery destruction, often drawn from the broader literary tradition, to address contemporary moments of political crisis in the early imperial period. In three chapters, I follow the intersection of urban fires and claims to power, as expressed both in urban space and in the literary city of Rome, during three critical periods from early imperial history: Augustan, Neronian, and post-Neronian Rome. In each period, a distinct set of fire-related problems arose for the current leader: in the aftermath of disaster, each leader in different ways, attempted to configure himself as protector of and provider for the urban population, with varying outcomes. Augustus faced the task of renewing Rome after the defining rupture of the triumviral conflicts and the fall of the republic; Nero came to power after generations of jeopardized successions and often-violent transitions had produced significant civic anxiety and suspicion of new leadership, a precarious dynamic even before the unprecedented destruction of 64 CE; and Vespasian, founder of the Flavian dynasty, came to power in 69 CE, after Rome had been ravaged by the violent (and incendiary) Year of Four Emperors. Each ruler, in his own way, worked to equate his restoration of Rome after disaster, which included efforts to prevent future fires, with his larger claims to political control and even mastery of the cosmos. Likewise, authors working in an increasingly repressive environment found in images of urban destruction a productive set of metaphors and figures for addressing the fears and tensions attached to contemporary ideology.
Telling Their Side of the Story: African-American Students' Perceptions of Culturally Relevant Teaching

An increasing amount of scholarship has documented the salience of culturally relevant teaching practices for ethnically and linguistically diverse students. However, research examining these students' perceptions and interpretations of these learning environments has been minimal at best. In this article, the author details the findings from a study that sought to assess African-American elementary students' interpretations of culturally relevant teachers within urban contexts. Student responses indicated that culturally relevant teaching strategies had a positive affect on student effort and engagement in class content and were consistent with the theoretical principles of culturally relevant pedagogy. The qualitative data revealed three key findings that students preferred in their learning environments (1) teachers who displayed caring bonds and attitudes toward them, (2) teachers who established community- and family-type classroom environments, and (3) teachers who made learning an entertaining and fun process.
Regulation of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Developmental pattern.

Abstract Rat hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid-coenzyme A reductase (mevalonate:NADP oxidoreductase (acylating CoA) EC 1.1.1.34) exhibits a complex developmental pattern with significant changes occurring prior to birth, after the first postnatal week, and following weaning. The increase in reductase activity that follows weaning cannot be prematurely induced by administration of thyroxine, hydrocortisone, or somatotropin but is invoked by early weaning. Delayed weaning blocks the normal increase, indicating that dietary factors are responsible for the observed changes. The reductase activity in livers from suckling pups exhibits an inverted cyclic rhythm of reduced amplitude, while that of weaned pups has a normal adult type rhythm. The transition from pre- to post-weaned reductase levels appears to involve both the biosynthetic capacity of the diurnal rhythm and relief of inhibition of reductase activity. While suckling rat liver cytosol contains an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid-CoA reductase activity, the livers of suckling rats with severed bile ducts exhibit normal adult reductase levels. Rat milk also contains an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid-CoA reductase activity.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STUDIES OF THE QUATERNARY STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS. II. THE ALPHA, BETA SPLIT OF GLUTAMIC DEHYDROGENASE.

Abstract The method of “concentration-difference spectra” was used to study the α, β (dilution) dissociation of the glutamic dehydrogenase molecule. It was found that no phenylalanyl, tryptophanyl, or tyrosyl residues undergo a change in environment in the course of the α, β split. This is in sharp contrast to the α, δ split (to individual peptide chains), which has previously been shown to be due to the breaking of tyrosyl, side-chain-carboxyl, hydrogen bonds, which leads necessarily to a change in environment of tyrosyl residues. The absence of such changes in the α, β split proves that tyrosyl-hydrogen bonds are not involved in holding the individual β subunits together in the intact α molecule.
3-axis ultraviolet attitude reference sensor

As emphasis shifts from large, expensive multipurpose satellites to lighter and less expensive vehicles dedicated to a narrower range of activities, the size, weight and cost of housekeeping components become increasingly significant. This is particularly the case for the attitude reference system. If a traditional system is used for a small satellite, its cost and weight can become a significant fraction of the satellite's total. The ERADS (Earth Reference Attitude Determination System) sensor was designed to provide a significantly lighter and lower cost three axis reference with an accuracy adequate for most missions. The approach was to image a wide field of view with a small optical assembly to achieve a combination of Earth and star viewing. Achievement of this objective required some innovative technical developments. >
Functionally substituted organolithium compounds. : The lithium derivatives of the dimethylbenzylamines

Abstract The organolithium derivatives of N,N -dimethylbenzylamine (I), o -methylbenzyldimethylamine (II), and o -trimethylsilylbenzyldimethylamine (VII) have been prepared and isolated. Infrared and NMR spectra indicate that lithiation occurs at the ortho position. The molecular weight of all three compounds in DMSO is concentration dependent. The IR, NMR, and UV spectra have all been obtained and interpreted in terms of both intramolecular and intermolecular lithium-nitrogen interactions.
Assuring object-oriented architecture

“Architecture is the fundamental organization of a system, embodied in its components, their relationships to each other and the environment, and the principles governing its design and evolution” - ANSI/IEEE Std 1471-2000.
Probing very slow H++D(1s) collisions using the ground-state dissociation of HD+

Sub-eV collisions between protons and atomic deuterium targets are studied by utilizing the very slow dissociation of ${\mathrm{HD}}^{+}$ from its electronic ground state. Studying the resulting ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}+\mathrm{D}(1s)$ ``half'' collisions accesses energies more than an order of magnitude lower, and with better energy resolution, than previous measurements. The collision energy is determined a posteriori via three-dimensional momentum imaging. New results for energies near the threshold for charge transfer, incorporating an improved approach to the key problem of subtracting the ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{+}$ background, are presented along with a discussion of the experimental technique.
Health at Every Size and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Obese, Depressed Women: Treatment Development and Clinical Application

Treatments for women with obesity, depression, and body image concerns are not optimal. Weight loss programs lead to long-term weight gain for most participants, and even successful participants typically sustain only modest weight loss. Psychotherapy for depression is more effective, but as many as 50 % do not fully remit. When depression and obesity co-occur in women, outcomes are even more modest. Innovative treatments are needed to enhance the physical and mental health of obese, depressed women. The goal of the current paper is to describe the development of a treatment that integrates two innovative approaches for mental and physical self-acceptance. The Health at Every Size (HAES) paradigm, used to enhance physical health without encouraging weight loss, causes improvements in physical health among overweight participants that are longer-lasting than weight loss programs. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) focuses on valued life behaviors and acceptance of painful emotions. ACT is efficacious for depression and as an adjunct to obesity treatment, and may be more effective for treatment-resistant depression than standard approaches. An integrated HAES/ACT treatment, known as Accept Yourself! and its manual is described in this paper, with information about how we adapted HAES and ACT approaches to create the intervention, as well as clinical strategies for implementation.
Is IL-17 required to control tuberculosis?

We review the state of knowledge regarding the role of IL-17 in tuberculosis (TB). IL-17 is clearly induced following exposure to mycobacteria in mice and humans and therefore its role in both protection and the immunopathological consequences of infection must be fully defined. IL-17-producing T cells can be seen in both mice and humans and these cytokine-producing cells are dependent to a large degree upon IL-23. Based on what we know of the function of IL-17 and the nature of TB, it would be surprising if this were a disease where IL-17 would have a dramatic impact; indeed the experimental data suggests that it is not required for control of bacterial growth. However, while it is clear that IL-17 is present during TB, its function(s) is not yet known. Key questions that will help elucidate function include - the role the mycobacteria plays in induction and regulation of the IL-17 response and the role IL-17 plays in modulating the inflammatory response during chronic disease.
The effects of time and moisture on elasticity imaging phantom physical and mechanical properties: A pilot study

Elasticity imaging phantoms are used to mimic human tissue as a means of testing and validating non-invasive techniques for measuring mechanical properties of human tissues. Limited studies of phantom stability have shown that phantom stiffness change over time when exposed to air. The goals of this study were to investigate how the physical and mechanical properties of elasticity imaging phantoms change with time and moisture state. Two moisture states were tested; a dry state where the phantom was exposed to open air and a wet state where the phantom was submerged in water for 480 minutes. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) phantoms (cylindrical shape) were used. The properties of the phantom were found using flat indentation tests and a test battery that included a precondition test, a 0.05 mm/s triangle test, a 5 mm/s triangle test and a ten-second ramp-and-hold relaxation test. This battery was done at multiple time points: 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360 and 480 minutes. At each time point, the modulus, stiffness and relaxation at 10 seconds were calculated. In addition, the mass and volume of the phantoms were measured at each time point. The physical and mechanical properties of the phantoms were found to be statistically dependent on moisture state and time (p<0.05). The stiffness and moduli of the dry samples increased with time while the mass and volume decreased with time. Additionally, a strong correlation was found between the change in mass and change in modulus/stiffness for the dry phantoms. For the wet samples, the modulus and stiffness decreased with time while the mass and volume increase with time. The properties of the phantom begin to change within 15 minutes, the percentage change of the mechanical and physical properties remained, on average, under 10% during the first hour and increased up to 50% during 8 hours. These property changes of phantoms should be considered when using phantoms to test or validate non-invasive techniques.
Overview of numerical models for interactions between hydraulic fractures and natural fractures: Challenges and limitations

Abstract The intersection of natural fractures with hydraulic fractures results in formation of complex fracture networks, including non-planar fractures or multi-stranded fractures. On one hand, opening of these natural fractures improves productivity of the formation; on the other hand, coalescence of these fractures into a hydraulic fracture makes pressure analysis and prediction of fracture growth very complicated. Overall, interactions between natural fractures and hydraulic fractures pose more challenges in the fracturing design and its execution. Investigation and understanding of their interaction are crucial in achieving successful fracture treatments in formations with pre-existing natural fracture network. In this paper, we will review the numerical works that have been done in the last decade to model opening of natural fractures during hydraulic fracturing, focusing especially on mechanical models that address propagation of hydraulic fractures in naturally fractures reservoirs. Linear elastic fracture mechanics, cohesive element methods and continuum damage mechanics techniques utilized to understand interaction of hydraulic fractures with natural fractures are discussed here based on their capability to reproduce experimental results and field observations.
Biliteracy Among Children and Youths

The dual purposes of this review are, first, to synthesize the extant research on biliteracy, focusing particularly on children and youths and, second, to clarify key terms and phenomena in this developing field. The review is organized into three areas of research: (1) individual biliteracy development, (2) biliteracy in family and community contexts, and (3) biliteracy in the classroom context. Contributions from these various areas offer multiple possibilities for describing children's −development and maintenance of biliteracy while taking into consideration the interdisciplinary and multifaceted nature of research in this area. 本文献回顾有两个目的:其一是为了综合现存与双语读写能力相关的研究,尤其是儿童和青年方面的研究;其二是为了理清在这发展中的研究领域的关键词与现象。本文献回顾按着三个研究领域来讨论:(1)个别双语读写能力的发展,(2)在家庭与社区环境下的双语读写能力,以及(3)在课室中的双语读写能力。这三个不同的研究领域所作出的贡献,提供了描述儿童双语读写能力的发展与维持的多种可能性,同时亦考虑到这研究领域的跨学科和多方面的性质。 Le but de cet etat de la recherche est double: d'abord, faire la synthese des recherches existantes sur la bilitteratie, en se centrant particulierement sur les enfants et les jeunes et, ensuite, mettre au clair les termes-cle et les phenomenes dans ce champ de developpement. L’etat de la question est organise en trois domaines de recherche : 1) le developpement individuel de la bilitteratie, 2) la bilitteratie dans les contextes de la famille et de la communaute, et 3) la bilitteratie dans le contexte scolaire. Les contributions qu'apportent ces differents domaines presentent de nombreuses possibilites permettant de decrire le developpement des enfants et le maintien de la bilitteratie tout en prenant en compte la nature interdisciplinaire et multi facettes de la recherche dans ce champ. Этот обзор преследует две цели: во-первых, синтезировать существующие исследования двуязычной грамотности – преимущественно среди детей и молодежи; во-вторых, разъяснить ключевые термины и явления в этой области. Обзор охватывает три области исследования: билингвальное развитие личности, билигвальность в контексте семьи и сообщества, билигвальность в контексте учебного учреждения. Учитывая межпредметную и многогранную природу этих исследований, можно утверждать, что работы, освещающие каждую их этих областей, дают множество разнообразных возможностей для описания детского развития и поддержки двуязычия.
Real-Time Scheduling on Multicore Platforms

Multicore architectures, which have multiple processing units on a single chip, are widely viewed as a way to achieve higher processor performance, given that thermal and power problems impose limits on the performance of single-core designs. Accordingly, several chip manufacturers have already released, or will soon release, chips with dual cores, and it is predicted that chips with up to 32 cores will be available within a decade. To effectively use the available processing resources on multicore platforms, software designs should avoid co-executing applications or threads that can worsen the performance of shared caches, if not thrash them. While cache-aware scheduling techniques for such platforms have been proposed for throughput-oriented applications, to the best of our knowledge, no such work has targeted real-time applications. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a cache-aware Pfair-based scheduling scheme for real-time tasks on multicore platforms
The differentiated classroom observation scale

This article presents a new classroom observation scale that was developed to examine the differential learning activities and experiences of gifted children educated in regular classroom settings. The Differentiated Classroom Observation Scale (DCOS) is presented in total, with clarification of the coding practices and strategies. Although the DCOS was developed to examine the impact of differentiated classroom practices for gifted children, it is expected that the scale could be used for observing the educational experiences of any identifiable group of children. Reflections on the benefits offered by the DCOS that are not available with existing measures are provided, and include (a) the ability to contrast the educational experiences of two groups of learners; (b) documentation of a variety of educational factors including pedagogy, student engagement, and level of cognitive activity; and (c) preservation of contextual factors for deeper investigation through a database‐driven record keeping system th...
SERUM GLUCURONIDASE ACTIVITY DURING NORMAL AND TOXEMIC PREGNANCY

THE introduction of a simple colorimetric method for the assay of mono-β-glucuronidase activity (22) has made the present study possible. Increased urinary excretion of estriol and pregnandiol glucuronide in pregnancy (4, 14, 23) has stimulated interest in serum glucuronidase activity in this condition. The present work establishes the serum glucuronidase level of normal and pregnant women and shows how the toxemias of pregnancy can be enzymatically differentiated. During pregnancy many changes occur in the enzymes of the blood. These are reported as an increase in protease (1), histaminase (2, 15, 25) and amylase (16) activity; and a decrease in lipase (19). In addition, extracts of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland are inactivated by pregnancy serum (24, 27) or upon injection into pregnant patients (6). This antagonism can be assayed as “pitocinase” according to Page (18). During pregnancy toxemia a basic enzymatic disturbance beyond the normal changes seems to occur. There is a decrease in cert...
Characterization of proteins that interact with the cell-cycle regulatory protein Ran/TC4.

THE human Ras-related nuclear protein Ran/TC4 (refs 1–4) is the prototype of a well conserved family of GTPases that can regulate both cell-cycle progression5–8 and messenger RNA transport9. Ran has been proposed to undergo tightly controlled cycles of GTP binding and hydrolysis, to operate as a GTPase switch10,11 whose GTP- and GDP-bound forms interact differentially with regulators and effectors. One known regulator, the protein RCC1 (refs 12, 13), interacts with Ran to catalyse guanine nucleotide exchange, and both RCC1 and Ran are components of an intrinsic checkpoint control that prevents the premature initiation of mitosis. To test and extend the GTPase-switch model, we searched for a Ran-specific GTPase-activating protein (GAP), and for putative effectors (proteins that interact specifically with Ran/TC4–GTP). We report here the identification of a Ran GAP and its use to characterize the GTP-hydrolysing properties of mutant Ran proteins, and the identification and cloning of a binding protein specific for Ran/TC4–GTP.
Control of a space robot for minimal attitude disturbance to the base satellite for capturing a tumbling satellite

The use of a space manipulator (robot) for capturing a tumbling object is a risky and challenging task, mainly because when the manipulator onboard a servicing satellite (base satellite) intercepts with an external object for capture, the resulting impulse will be transferred along the mechanical arm down to the servicing satellite causing disturbance to the attitude of the satellite. Such disturbance may destabilize the servicing satellite if the captured object is tumbling and the physical contact between the robot end-effector and the object is not controlled properly. Certainly, the risk may be mitigated with a force or impedance control capability of the manipulator. However, the implementation of force or impedance control usually requires the robot to have a joint torque sensing and control capability which is a very expensive requirement for a space manipulator. To date, there has never been a really flown space manipulator having a joint torque control capability. Further, even a force or impedance control capability becomes available, much development is still needed before safe capture of a tumbling object can be confidently tried in a real mission. This paper presents an optimal control strategy for a space manipulator to have minimal impact to the base satellite during a capturing operation. The idea is to first predict an optimal future time and motion state for capturing and then control the manipulator to reach the determined motion state such that, when the tip of the robot maneuvers to and intercepts with the tumbling object, a minimal attitude disturbance to the servicing satellite will occur. The proposed control strategy can be implemented regardless whether the manipulator has a joint torque control capability or not. Since the control acts before a physical contact happens, it will not affect but actually augment any existing force or impedance control capability of the manipulator. The proposed method is demonstrated using a simulation example.
The Female Economy: The Millinery and Dressmaking Trades, 1860-1930

Hemmed in by "women's work" much less than has been thought, women in the late 1800s and early 1900s were the primary entrepreneurs in the millinery and dressmaking trades. The Female Economy explores that lost world of women's dominance, showing how independent, often ambitious businesswomen and the sometimes imperious consumers they served gradually vanished from the scene as custom production gave way to a largely unskilled modern garment industry controlled by men. Wendy Gamber helps overturn the portrait of wage-earning women as docile souls who would find fulfillment only in marriage and motherhood. She combines labor history, women's history, business history, and the history of technology while exploring topics as wide-ranging as the history of pattern-making and the relationship between entrepreneurship and marriage. A volume in the series The Working Class in American History, edited by David Brody, Alice Kessler-Harris, David Montgomery, and Sean Wilentz, and in the series Women in American History, edited by Anne Firor Scott, Nancy A. Hewitt, and Stephanie Shaw
Cytoplasmic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a synthase and the regulation of sterol synthesis in tissue culture cells

Abstract We have demonstrated previously (Ramachandran C.K., Gray S.L. and Melnykovych G. (1978) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 189, 205–211) that in HeLa cells grown in presence of glucocorticoids, cytoplasmic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase (EC 4.1.3.5) rather than hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase changes coordinately with the rate of cholesterol biosynthesis. The present work represent studies of some of the characteristics of this enzyme and its response to conditions which modify cholesterogenesis. Addition of serum to the culture medium suppressed the hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase activity, and low density lipoprotein showed a higher inhibitory effect than high density lipoprotein. The presence of cholesterol, 7-keto-cholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol diminished the enzyme activity to a significant extent. However, freshly purified cholesterol added to the culture medium in the presence of vitamin E was not inhibitory. HeLa cell hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase showed an optimum pH of 9 and a Km value of 295 μM. for acetyl-CoA. The enzyme was inhibited by acetoacetyl-CoA, while hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA and hydroxymethylglutarate were not inhibitory. Studies with inhibitors of macromolecular synthesis showed that protein and RNA syntheses were necessary for the increase in hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase activity resulting from serum deprivation. In the presence of cycloheximide, an immediate fall away of the enzyme activity was observed. A t 1 2 for decay of approx. 20–22 h was calculated. The t 1 2 of this enzyme in dexamethasone-treated cells was about 12–14 h showing that dexamethasone may cause increased degradation of the enzyme. An investigation on the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase in several cell lines was also carried out. The result suggests that this enzyme coordinately changes with cholesterogenesis in a variety of cell lines when the synthesis of cholesterol is partially suppressed by dexamethasone.