cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Information recording in archaeological practice: A socio-technical perspective

Archaeology is a collective practice and cannot be done in isolation. In addition, given the variety, quantity and scale of archaeological evidence, information technology is a central component of current archaeological practice. This situation provides an excellent case study for the interplay between Information and Communication technologies (ICTs) and institutional and cultural context. This paper reports on a work in progress that examines the role ICTs play in the construction of archaeological knowledge in practice, which focuses on the processes of data recording and information organization. This study uses the conceptual lens of Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and explores important socio-technical aspects of the development of information systems in archaeology. The socio-technical challenges of information recording are conceptualized as practice fault-lines. Three fault-lines of information recording in archaeology are recognized and presented in this paper: 1) Within community vs. cross-community practices; 2) Data management vs. data analysis; 3) Information system designers vs. archaeology practitioners. Recognition of these fault-lines has substantial implications for the design of information organization technologies for collaborative practices.
Life and Death and Something in Between: Reviewing Recent Horror Cinema

This field note draws on the author's experiences reviewing films, and on the history of gothic horror narratives, to examine the recent popularity of zombie films. I argue that popular zombie films can be seen as expressions of the return of repressed cultural concerns about class antagonism and about the violent and deadening effects of modern life.
Voice of the Leopard: African Secret Societies and Cuba

In Voice of the Leopard: African Secret Societies and Cuba, Ivor L. Miller shows how African migrants and their political fraternities played a formative role in the history of Cuba. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, no large kingdoms controlled Nigeria and Cameroon's multilingual Cross River basin. Instead, each settlement had its own lodge of the initiation society called Ekpe, or "leopard," which was the highest indigenous authority. Ekpe lodges ruled local communities while also managing regional and long-distance trade. Cross River Africans, enslaved and forcibly brought to colonial Cuba, reorganized their Ekpe clubs covertly in Havana and Matanzas into a mutual-aid society called Abakua, which became foundational to Cuba's urban life and music. Miller's extensive fieldwork in Cuba and West Africa documents ritual languages and practices that survived the Middle Passage and evolved into a unifying charter for transplanted slaves and their successors. To gain deeper understanding of the material, Miller underwent Ekpe initiation rites in Nigeria after ten years' collaboration with Abakua initiates in Cuba and the United States. He argues that Cuban music, art, and even politics rely on complexities of these African-inspired codes of conduct and leadership. Voice of the Leopard is an unprecedented tracing of an African title-society to its Caribbean incarnation, which has deeply influenced Cuba's creative energy and popular consciousness.
Systems analysis and design: current practices

The process to develop computer-based information systems has changed significantly within the last ten years. Research was conducted to determine how organizations currently perform systems analysis and design. Responding organizations provided evaluations of their current approaches and tools. The results should provide insights for information systems practitioners and have implications for educational efforts and research in the information systems field.
GenericBioMatch: A novel generic pattern match algorithm for biological sequences

GenericBioMatch is a novel algorithm for exact match in biological sequences. It allows the sequence motif pattern to contain one or more wild card letters (eg. Y, R, W in DNA sequences) and one or more gaps of any number of bases. GenericBioMatch is a relatively fast algorithm as compared to probabilistic algorithms, and has very little computational overhead. It is able to perform exact match of protein motifs as well as DNA motifs. This algorithm can serve as a quick validation tool for implementation of other algorithms, and can also serve as a supporting tool for probabilistic algorithms in order to reduce computational overhead. This algorithm has been implemented in the BioMiner software (http://iit-iti.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/biomine e.trx), a suite of Java tools for integrated data mining in genomics. It has been tested successfully with DNA sequences from human, yeast, and Arabidopsis.
Preconceptual Folic Acid Use and Recurrence Risk Counseling for Congenital Heart Disease

Objective Recurrence risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) in families with an affected first-degree relative is increased as compared with the general population. Advances in genetic testing and evidence that preconceptual folic acid supplementation may decrease risk of CHD warrant preventative counseling for at-risk families. Our goal was to document patterns of preconceptual folic acid supplementation and recurrence risk counseling in at-risk families in order to identify opportunities for improved preventative care. Design Mothers referred for a fetal echocardiogram were prospectively enrolled. Cases were defined as mothers deemed to be at higher risk of having an affected fetus with CHD given an affected parent or affected previous pregnancy with CHD. Controls were defined as mothers with no prenatal risk factors. Mothers completed a validated questionnaire assessing use of folic acid supplementation and receipt of recurrence risk counseling. Chi-square analyses were performed to analyze questionnaire responses and demographic data. Results A total of 314 subjects participated (controls = 216, cases = 98). Cases took preconceptual folic acid supplementation more often than controls (P < .001), but only 55% started preconceptually. Maternal advanced education and counseling (P < .001) were associated with preconceptual supplementation, whereas complexity of CHD in the relative was not. While 70% of cases received some recurrence risk counseling, those with advanced education and complex CHD in the affected relative were more likely to receive counseling. Few at-risk cases interacted with genetic services (19%). Conclusions At-risk mothers with lower education are less likely to take preconceptual folic acid supplementation or receive recurrence risk counseling. Health care providers should proactively provide this information to all at-risk patients and develop collaborations with genetic services.
Mutualistic cleaner fish initiate trait-mediated indirect interactions by influencing the behaviour of coral predators.

Summary 1. Indirect interactions resulting from changes in organismal traits such as behaviour [i.e. trait-mediated indirect interactions (TMIIs)] are widespread in biological communities, yet few studies have explored the potential for mutualisms to initiate TMIIs. 2. This study used a combination of behavioural observations and manipulative field experiments to investigate potential TMIIs resulting from a mutualism between specialized cleaner fish and the ‘clients’ that visit cleaners for the removal of ectoparasites. 3. Behavioural observations indicate that the bluestreak cleaner wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus, increases local predation pressure on corals at cleaner stations by attracting corallivorous butterflyfish to their territories. 4. Observations of the ornate butterflyfish, Chaetodon ornatissimus, suggest a trade-off between seeking cleaning and foraging; individuals decreased their foraging rate at cleaner stations and shifted their diet to include a greater proportion of less preferred prey items. Nonetheless, predation pressure on corals was higher at cleaner stations because the spatial response of butterflyfish to cleaners more than compensated for their lower foraging rates. 5. The results of a field experiment suggest that the greater predation pressure observed at cleaner stations may be sufficient to reduce the growth rate of the unpreferred coral Porites rus. 6. Together, these results emphasize the need to consider mutualists as potential initiators of TMIIs and highlight the importance of integrating individual movement into conceptual analyses of TMIIs.
A CMOS imager with focal plane compression

A focal plane video compression integrated circuit is presented. The design consists of a 128 /spl times/ 128 pixel array and a bank of column-level processors. Each one of the column-level processors performs the tasks of image decorrelation, quantization, and entropy encoding. The chip provides at its output a compressed bit stream. The integration of the quantizer and the entropy encoder at the column level is possible by sharing circuitry between a single-slope analog-to-digital converter and a Golomb-Rice entropy encoder. In addition, the design includes a low-complexity algorithm for the adaptation of the Golomb-Rice coder to the statistics of the video signal. The design has been fully verified through simulations and has been implemented in a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The chip layout occupies an area of 7 /spl times/ 5 mm/sup 2/.
Recovery from aphasia as monitored by AER audiometry.

An aphasic patient was evaluated and periodically checked beginning four days after suffering a stroke. His general recovery was monitored via AER audiometry and standard language testing. When see...
Applications of Hadamard transform imagery to analytical chemistry

A stationary 2-D Hadamard encoding mask has been incorporated into a Hadamard transform photoacoustic spectrometer to combine imaging and spectral separation in a form of 3-D spectrometry with two-spatial dimensions and one spectral dimension.
Operationalizing the operational audit course

Discusses the importance of operational auditing and the crucial role of internal control in the audit process, providing a brief history of the beginnings of operational auditing and describing the recent report issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) which provides a widely accepted definition of internal control. Continues to review ways of gearing an internal audit course towards operational auditing, beginning with a description of basic methods of exposing students to operational auditing: including audit reports; interaction with practitioners; and ending with an outline of how students should actually perform an operational audit.
Effects of collisions on Raman line profiles of hydrogen and deuterium gas

Abstract Vibrational Raman lines of hydrogen gas show very small collision broadening. As a result the collision narrowing of the Doppler profile which occurs when the mean-free path of a radiating molecule becomes comparable to the wavelength of the radiation is very easily observed in hydrogen. This paper presents measurements of the narrowing effect and of collision broadening and shift of several vibrational Raman lines in hydrogen and deuterium gas. The results are shown to fall between two simple extreme models for the velocity change in a single collision. A summary of the theoretical treatment of line broadening and narrowing by collisions is included.
Preparing the Next Generation of Leaders in Clinician-Education and Academic Administration

Interest has been increasing in supporting the career advancement of faculty clinician-educators in psychiatry. This is best evidenced by the development of the Clinician-Educator Section of the Association for Academic Psychiatry in 2003. Over the past few decades, the role of the clinician-educator has grown, as have the responsibilities. Not only are clinician-educators teachers in the classical sense, but they are often called to serve as leaders in multiple realms: clinical program chiefs, residency training directors and innovators, hospital administrators, advisers to managed care organizations, consultants for legislative policy change, physician educators, and disseminators of information to the community at large (1, 2). Despite expectations for academic career advancement being relatively clear cut for faculty dedicated to research, promotion criteria for clinician-educators are widely ill defined (3). As a result, clinician-educators often have difficulty advancing in academic rank, even though their impact on a system may be remarkable. Levinson and Rubenstein (4) highlight the problems with “the present system of recognition for clinician-educators—i.e., the requirement for regional and national reputation, the lack of reliable measures of clinical and teaching excellence, and the lack of training opportunities for young clinician-educators.” To address such issues, some major academic centers have developed clinician-educator faculty tracks that more clearly define career paths (3, 5). Historically, psychiatric residents have not been explicitly targeted for nonresearch career paths during residency. As a result, many graduating psychiatrists are behind in developing the formal skills necessary to take on leadership roles within the academic and clinical infrastructure. This contrasts with efforts to create research training opportunities from medical school onward (6). In recent years, several U.S. psychiatric residency training programs have attempted to address this shortcoming by creating specialized residency training tracks for clinician-educators. The first of these appears to be the University of Michigan’s Clinical Scholars Track, established in 1998 (7). Likewise, Baylor’s Menninger Department of Psychiatry developed a Clinician-Educator Track, and the University of California Davis created a specialized Teaching Track. This trend is encouraging, but in general, specialized residency training tracks geared toward clinicianeducators are still in the early stages of development, and it is unclear how successful these tracks have been in promoting their aims into long-term faculty careers. Furthermore, none of the existing tracks explicitly focus on developing the administrative skills crucial to the promotion of young physicians into subsequent leadership roles in academic or other care delivery settings.
Robot deployment with end-to-end communication constraints

During deployment, mobile robots must form an ad-hoc wireless communication network guaranteeing reliable communications between agents and possibly with some fixed base stations. First, when only connectivity constraints need to be enforced, we discuss deployment algorithms whose execution does not require a model of the communication channels, but exploits possibly random and time-varying channel gain measurements between the robots to maintain a connected network. We then turn our attention to the more realistic situation where the communication network linking the robots must support certain rates between possibly distant terminals. For this problem, we propose deployment algorithms based on a projected-gradient scheme that provide end-to-end bandwidth guarantees, assuming a channel model with deterministic exponential path loss. In addition to setting the robot positions to optimize the deployment objective, these algorithms adjust the transmission powers at the wireless nodes and route communication packets through the network to support the desired flow rates.
Genetic and cytogenetic studies of the malate dehydrogenases of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetic and cytogenetic locations of the structural genes for the NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenases have been studied. The mitochondrial form (mMDH) is coded for by a gene (Mdh) found at 62.6 on the third chromosome and included in Df(3R)P14, which includes 90C2–91A3 in the salivary gland chromosomes. Based on its inclusion within several J (Jammed; 2–41.0) deficiencies, the structural gene (cMdh) for the cytoplasmic form (cMDH) was determined to lie in region 31B-E, confirming the earlier finding of Grell. Flies lacking any cMDH activity (cMdhn-γ10069/Df(2L)J-der-27) were both viable and fertile.
On depth first search trees in m-out digraphs

We consider depth first search (DFS for short) trees in a class of random digraphs: am-out model. Let πi be theith vertex encountered by DFS andL(i, m, n) be the height of πi in the corresponding DFS tree. We show that ifi/n→α asn→∞, then there exists a constanta(α,m), to be defined later, such thatL(i, m, n)/n converges in probability toa(α,m) asn→∞. We also obtain results concerning the number of vertices and the number of leaves in a DFS tree.
What Are Mini-Brains?

The human cerebral cortex defines us as who we are. Its development and function underlie complex human cognitive behavior, while its malfunction or degeneration causes countless neurological and psychiatric diseases. It has evolved markedly in humans compared to other animals and, therefore, no animal model truly recapitulates these human-specific features ( 1 ). We are currently limited to identifying genetic causes of abnormal brain development and function, observing brain shape and activity through imaging, and examining postmortem brain tissues. You simply cannot analyze human brain development directly. The more we try to model human disease in the mouse—with its miniscule cerebral cortex one-thousandth the size of a human's—the more we recognize the limitations of animal models. Lancaster et al. ( 2 ) have provided a major leap by developing a method to grow miniature human brain-like structures (cerebral organoids) from embryonic stem cells in vitro ( 2 ). The “minibrains” recapitulate a surprising number of features of human embryonic brain development, heralding a new phase of modeling human disease.
Distribution Rates of Coronary Inflow and Outflow in the Post-mortem Canine Heart

A technique is described for the simultaneous determination of coronary inflow and outflow rates in the fresh post-mortem canine heart. No significant change in coronary flow occurred within 1 hr after death. Each coronary outflow system drained from the most proximal coronary artery; however, the most remote coronary arteries contributed to each outflow site. Consequently rudimentary collateral vessels are widespread.
The pathogenic human sulfite oxidase mutants G473D and A208D are defective in intramolecular electron transfer.

Mutations G473D and A208D were identified in patients with isolated sulfite oxidase (SO) deficiency, and the equivalent amino acids (G451 and A186, respectively) have been localized to the vicinity of the molybdopterin active site in the X-ray structure of chicken SO [Kisker, C., Schindelin, H., Pacheco, A., Wehbi, W., Garrett, R. M., Rajagopalan, K. V., Enemark, J. H., and Rees, D. C. (1997) Cell 91, 973−983]. To assess the effects of these mutations in human SO, steady-state kinetic studies of enzyme turnover and laser flash photolysis measurements of intramolecular electron transfer (IET) rate constants between the reduced heme [Fe(II)] and Mo(VI) centers were carried out in the recombinant G473D, G473A, G473W, G473D/R212A, and A208D human SO mutants. In the G473D and A208D mutants, the IET rate constants at pH 6.0 are decreased by 3 orders of magnitude relative to that of the wild type. Steady-state kinetic measurements indicate that the IET process is the rate-limiting step in the catalytic cycle of ...
The normality of deviance: an alternate explanation of schizophrenia in the family.

When clinicians became interested in treating schizophrenic patients in individual psychotherapy, some raised troubling questions: How could the patient be helped if he were to be sent right back into the family context that may have exacerbated, if not created, his illness? Perhaps the mother or even the whole family was "sick"? Many felt that family therapy, in which attention was placed on the whole family and the ways it used the patient's symptoms for its own purposes, would be a more promising approach to treatment. Over the years, family therapists developed a variety of treatment techniques and formulated theories to generalize these techniques, but they also reported the enormous strength with which families held onto their pathological relationships. All family therapists can recall endless lists of strategies that families use to sabotage treatment—that is, to retain the family system as it is, schizophrenic patient and all. Further, when one member does change, unintended results sometimes occur: "[Thought] distortions in the patient may clear up only to be followed by a flare-up of pathology in another family member who was previously asymptomatic" (Zuk and Rubinstein 1965, p. 24). Some therapists concluded then that these kinds of families must need a sick person if the family is to stay together.
Post-translational control of cardiac hemodynamics through myosin binding protein C

Cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyBP-C) is an integral sarcomeric protein that associates with the thick, thin, and titin filament systems in the contractile apparatus. Three different isoforms of MyBP-C exist in mammalian muscle: slow skeletal (MyBPC1), fast skeletal (MyBP-C2, with several variants), and cardiac (cMyBP-C). Genetic screening studies show that mutations in MYBPC3 occur frequently and are responsible for as many as 30–35 % of identified cases of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The function of cMyBP-C is stringently regulated by its post-translational modification. In particular, the addition of phosphate groups occurs with high frequency on certain serine residues that are located in the cardiac-specific regulatory M domain. Phosphorylation of this domain has been extensively studied in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation of the M domain can regulate the manner in which actin and myosin interact, affecting the cross bridge cycle and ultimately, cardiac hemodynamics.
Developmental and functional biology of the primate fetal adrenal cortex.

I. Introduction II. Development A. Embryonic adrenal development B. Fetal adrenal development C. Neonatal adrenal development D. Growth E. Functional development 1. Ontogeny of steroidogenic activity 2. Functional zonation and ontogeny of steroidogenic enzyme expression 3. Responsiveness to ACTH III. Regulation A. The fetal pituitary and ACTH B. Growth factors 1. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) 2. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) 3. Insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) 4. Activin/inhibins 5. TGFβ C. Nuclear receptors/transcription factors D. Placental factors 1. Human CG (hCG) 2. Placental CRH and ACTH 3. Indirect effect of placental glucocorticoid metabolism 4. Placental estrogens IV. Physiology A. Placental estrogen formation B. Timing of parturition and fetal maturation V. Summary
Potential of Time-of-Flight Range Imaging for Object Identification and Manipulation in Construction

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the potential of a range camera in construction material sorting applications. By utilizing the depth information from a time-of-flight (TOF) camera, we identify a...
Application of crystal plasticity theory for mechanically processed BSCCO superconductors

Abstract Mechanical processing of superconducting oxides leads to the fabrication of high J c , superconducting tapes and wires. The best conducting properties ( high J c ) hinge upon the achievement of a high degree of densification, sharp crystallographic textures characterized by the conducting crystallographic planes parallel to the plane of the conducting tape or to the axis of the conducting wire, and the minimum possible density of microcracks whose plane faces intersect the direction of current flow. In this study, we investigate the crystallographic texture evolution in compressed 2223 BSCCO powders. Our mechanical models are intended to model thermomechanical processing by rolling. We simulate texture evolution using three different models: the constrained hybrid (CH), the Sachs, and the self-consistent (S-C) models. In all of these, elasticity is neglected and crystallographic shearing is the only mechanism assumed to cause inelastic deformation. Predictions of the three models are discussed and compared to existing experimental results for axisymmetric and plane strain compression of 2223 BSCCO powders. To account for shear strains involved in the rolling process, we assume simple boundary conditions which consist of adding a simple shear component on the velocity gradient to the plane strain conditions. The predicted results for rolling are compared to plane strain compression results.
Rous Sarcoma Regression in Seven Highly-Inbred Lines of White Leghorns,

Response to Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-induced tumors was studied in Regional Poultry Research Laboratory (RPRL) lines 61, 63, 72, 100, 151, and 15I5 and in Reaseheath line C, all highly inbred White Leghorn stocks. Virus inoculations were made in chickens at 6 weeks of age. Tumors were scored subjectively for size on a regular basis and in some instances a tumor profile index (TPI) was assigned which characterized tumor development over a 10 week period for each chicken (TPI 1 = complete regression in 28 days; TPI 5 = terminal tumor). The frequency of tumor regression, terminal tumors, and metastases and mean TPI was examined. The incidence of tumor regression ranged from 92% in line 61 to 0 % in lines 151 and 15I5. The frequency of terminal tumors varied from 100% in line 151 to 2% in line61, while metastasis in chickens with terminal tumors differed from 92% in line 15I5 to 0% in line 61. Mean TPI ranged from 2.0 in line 61 to 4.6 in line 15I5 and 4.7 in line C. The erythrocyte alloantigen genotype at the B blood group locus, (part of the B complex, MHC) and 11 additional blood group loci were known for each of the lines. The data indicate that genetic differences in tumor regression may be pronounced between inbred lines which share similar, if not identical, B locus erythrocyte alloantigens and that other unknown genes are also involved.
Wipe selection for the analysis of surface materials containing chemical warfare agent nitrogen mustard degradation products by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Degradation products arising from nitrogen mustard chemical warfare agent were deposited on common urban surfaces and determined via surface wiping, wipe extraction, and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry detection. Wipes investigated included cotton gauze, glass fiber filter, non-woven polyester fiber and filter paper, and surfaces included several porous (vinyl tile, painted drywall, wood) and mostly non-porous (laminate, galvanized steel, glass) surfaces. Wipe extracts were analyzed by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) and compared with high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) results. An evaluation of both techniques suggests UPLC–MS/MS provides a quick and sensitive analysis of targeted degradation products in addition to being nearly four times faster than a single HPLC run, allowing for greater throughput during a wide-spread release concerning large-scale contamination and subsequent remediation events. Based on the overall performance of all tested wipes, filter paper wipes were selected over other wipes because they did not contain interferences or native species (TEA and DEA) associated with the target analytes, resulting in high percent recoveries and low background levels during sample analysis. Other wipes, including cotton gauze, would require a pre-cleaning step due to the presence of large quantities of native species or interferences of the targeted analytes. Percent recoveries obtained from a laminate surface were 47–99% for all nitrogen mustard degradation products. The resulting detection limits achieved from wipes were 0.2 ng/cm(2) for triethanolamine (TEA), 0.03 ng/cm(2) for N-ethyldiethanolamine (EDEA), 0.1 ng/cm(2) for N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), and 0.1 ng/cm(2) for diethanolamine (DEA).
Influence of the Major Histocompatability Complex on Disease Resistance and Productivity

Abstract Publications in which chickens of different B haplotypes were studied for differences in disease resistance or productivity traits are reviewed. The most prominent effects on diseases are those involving tumors, but other examples involving autoimmune disease and microbial infections not resulting in neoplasia or autoimmunity are also cited. Each referenced disease paper is briefly defined with regard to: population used, B alleles present, and the most resistant B types. Studies citing B haplotype influences on productivity and reproductive fitness traits are summarized and the most desirable B genes in each referenced population are given. Plausible mechanisms of the B haplotype’s influence on the traits are briefly discussed. Based on the evidence reviewed for disease resistance and productivity traits and the central role of B-complex genes in immune function, it is concluded that poultry breeders should develop B-genotype information in their base breeding populations and use those types yielding optimal performance.
Multiscale modeling of particle–solidification front dynamics. Part II: Pushing–engulfment transition

Abstract The interaction between a particle and an advancing solidification front is studied using a multi-scale computational model developed in Part I. The flow and temperature fields are solved separately at two disparate scales, i.e. at the overall system scale (“outer region”) and in the thin melt layer (“inner region”) between the particle and the front. The solutions from the inner and outer regions are coupled at a matching region. The coupled dynamics of the particle and phase boundary motion, including lubrication and disjoining pressure effects in the premelted film between the particle and the front is captured in the simulations. Results show that particle pushing (as opposed to particle engulfment) can occur when the ratio of thermal conductivity of the particle to the melt, kp/kl
Issues in the design of high performance SIMD architectures

In this paper, we consider the design of high performance SIMD architectures. We examine three mechanisms by which the performance of this class of machines may be improved, and which have been largely unexplored by the SIMD community. The mechanisms are pipelined instruction broadcast, pipelining of the PE architecture, and the introduction of a novel memory hierarchy in the PE address space which we denote the direct only data cache, (dod-cache). For each of the performance improvements, we develop analytical models of the potential speedup, and apply those models to real program traces obtained on a MasPar MP-2 system. In addition, we consider the impact of all improvements taken together.
Pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5) Containing Energetic Salts

New quaternary salts of pentafluorosulfanyl-substituted (SF5) N-methylimidazole (1), 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3) or pyridine (5) were prepared and characterized. Most of the salts exhibit good thermal stabilities and low melting points placing them in the ionic liquid class. Their densities range between 1.4 and 1.8 g/cm3. The standard enthalpies of formation for the new salts were calculated by the use of computationally feasible DFT(B3LYP) and MP2 methods in conjunction with an empirical approach based on densities of salts. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Bing Crosby's Cinematic: "Song of the South"

In Mississippi (1935) and Dixie (1943), the wildly successful Bing Crosby acts, croons, and clowns—in and out of blackface—in Southern roles that exenplify the unquestioned racism as well as the imaginative escapism that characterized other highly successful popular cultulal artifacts of the era.
Computed Tomographic Evidence of Bulla Effusion in Cats with Sinonasal Disease: 2001–2004

Background:Sinonasal disease is common in cats; chronic inflammatory disease and neoplasia are diagnosed most frequently. Radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) findings in nasal disease have been reported, although involvement of other cranial structures has not been fully described to our knowledge. Hypothesis:We hypothesized that neoplastic or inflammatory obstruction of the auditory tube associated with sinonasal disease could result in CT evidence of effusive bulla disease in affected cats. Animals:46 cats with sinonasal disease, 18 control cats. Methods:CT images acquired in cats with (n= 46) and without (n= 18) sinonasal disease were reviewed for evidence of concurrent bulla effusion. CT findings of soft tissue or fluid opacity within the tympanic bulla or thickening of the bone of the bullae were considered evidence of effusive bulla disease. Results:The prevalence of bulla effusion in cats with sinonasal disease was 28% (13/46) and was significantly higher than that observed in cats without sinonasal disease (1/18, P= .043). CT findings that were found in association with effusive bulla disease included imaging features of sinusitis and nasopharyngeal disease. The most common neoplasm associated with bulla effusion was nasopharyngeal lymphoma. Bulla effusion was not observed in any cat with nasal carcinoma. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Findings of this study suggest that auditory canal dysfunction may play a larger role in feline sinonasal disease than was previously recognized. The implications of these findings for management of cats with chronic inflammatory or neoplastic sinonasal disease require further investigation.
A theoretical model to predict distribution of the fabric tensor and apparent density in cancellous bone.

The adaptation of cancellous bone to mechanical forces is well recognized. Theoretical models for predicting cancellous bone architecture have been developed and have mainly focused on the distribution of trabecular mass or the apparent density. The purpose of this study was to develop a theoretical model which can simultaneously predict the distribution of trabecular orthotropy/orientation, as represented by the fabric tensor, along with apparent density. Two sets of equations were derived under the assumption that cancellous bone is a biological self-optimizing material which tends to minimize strain energy. The first set of equations provide the relationship between the fabric tensor and stress tensor, and have been verified to be consistent with Wolff’s law of trabecular architecture, that is, the principal directions of the fabric tensor coincide with the principal stress trajectories. The second set of equations yield the apparent density from the stress tensor, which was shown to be identical to those obtained based on local optimization with strain energy density of true bone tissue as the objective function. These two sets of equations, together with elasticity field equations, provide a complete mathematical formulation for the adaptation of cancellous bone.
Conflicting tectonics? Contraction and extension at middle and upper crustal levels along the Cordilleran Late Jurassic arc, southeastern California

Effects of mid-Mesozoic contraction followed closely in time by extension are present in mid- to upper-crustal plutonic rocks in the Chuckwalla Mountains of the eastern Transverse Ranges, California. Late Jurassic movement along a steeply dipping, right-lateral mylonitic shear zone is bracketed between 159 and 147 Ma via U-Pb dated plutons. Depth of emplacement vs. time data based on hornblende geobarometry and U-Pb geochronology of Mesozoic plutons indicate that a period of dramatic uplift affected the Chuckwalla Mountains during the Late Jurassic, contrasting sharply with data from the (then) nearby San Gabriel Mountains. Subsequent latest Jurassic extensional tectonics is suggested by alkalic plutonism, nearly synchronous intrusion of the Late Jurassic Independence dike swarm, and possibly by deposition of the McCoy Mountains Formation. We conclude that both contraction and extension were significant at upper- and mid-crustal depths in the Chuckwalla Mountains region during the Late Jurassic, and speculate that the combined influence of oblique convergence and the opening of the Gulf of Mexico may have caused the contrasting and nearly contemporaneous tectonic modes.
The Shockwave Response of Thin Composite Materials

Impingement of blast or shock waves on structures is characterized by a substantial transient aerodynamic load that develops over the short time associated with the shock reflection time scale. This mutual interaction between the shock wave and the structure can cause significant deformation of the structure and high strain rates within the material resulting in damage. An experimental investigation was carried out to determine the aeroelastic response of thin flat plates of composite materials during face-on impact with planar shock waves. The experiments were performed in a large-scale shock tube research facility, which had a working section of 12 inches in diameter and a length of 80 ft.Phenolic composite S2-HJ1 plates of 1/8 inch nominal thickness consisting of 12 layers of fibers and epoxy composite S2 plates of 1/8 inch nominal thickness consisting of 10 layers of fibers were tested in the present investigation. Miniature semi-conductor strain-gauges of high frequency response, high speed photography and Digital Image Correlation techniques were employed to measure locally the strain on the exterior side of the plates and high frequency response pressure transducers were used to measure time-dependent wall and total pressure. In order to provide comparison with the response of monolithic material to similar compressive loadings, aluminum and stainless steel plates were also tested under the same conditions. The application of shock loading on the specimen causes significant permanent deformation on the plates which has been measured immediately after the experiment while the specimen is still mounted on the end flange of the shock tube. These experimental data obtained in the present experiments include the measured displacement of the external surface of the plates from their original position in the normal to the plate direction along the radius of the specimen. This displacement is highest at the center of the plate and zero at the location of clamping. The results show that the deformations of the thicker plates are still considerably lower than those obtained in the steel and thinner composite plates although the loading pressure is more than triple in magnitude and the corresponding impulse is about 2.3 times higher. Composite plates were found to suppress several of the modes of the wave patterns while metallic ones demonstrate a rich variety of interacting modes. The frequency content of the strain signals on the surface of composite plates was not always the same with the content of the surface acceleration measured in free vibration experiments.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Chondroitin-6-sulfate-containing proteoglycan: a new component of human skin dermoepidermal junction.

A murine monoclonal antibody (3B3) has been produced with specificity for chondroitin-6-sulfate (C-6-S) and proven binding to rodent basement membranes, presumably detecting a population of C-6-S-containing proteoglycans. Utilizing this antibody, we sought to determine whether a basement membrane chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan is present in adult, neonatal, and/or fetal skin, and if present, its ultrastructural localization. Indirect immunofluorescence was performed on human adult, neonatal, and fetal skin. To detect the antigen, specimens were pretreated with chondroitinase ABC; absence of enzyme treatment served as negative control. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan was detectable in linear homogeneous array along the dermoepidermal junction arid within vascular (and when present, adnexal) basement membranes in both adult and neonatal skin. In fetal skin, basement membrane staining was noted as early as 54 gestational days. Indirect immunoelectron microscopy and NaCl-split skin studies were performed to ultrastructurally localize the antigen; immune deposits were detectable within the lamina densa in chondroitinase-treated skin. These findings demonstrate that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan is present within all skin basement membranes; that it is present in the region of the lamina densa; and that similar to some other ubiquitous basement membrane antigens, it is present early in the developing fetus.
Rescuing interfaces: A multi-year study of human-robot interaction at the AAAI Robot Rescue Competition

This paper presents results from three years of studying human-robot interaction in the context of the AAAI Robot Rescue Competition. We discuss our study methodology, the competitors' systems and performance, and suggest ways to improve human-robot interaction in urban search and rescue (USAR) as well as other remote robot operations.
Surface damage of TiB2 and C coatings under energetic D+ AND 4He+ irradiations

Abstract Studies of the surface damage and erosion of chemically vapor deposited (CVD) TiB2 and C coatings on metallic substrates are reported for irradiation with 5–20 keV and 100 keV D+ and 4He+ ions for different doses at room temperature. Furthermore, D+ and He+ irradiations of commercial grade Ti and ATJ graphite were conducted to study the difference in surface damage and erosion between the TiB2 coatings and Ti metal, and between the CVD carbon coating and extrusion molded ATJ graphite. SEM analysis of polished TiB2 and Ti samples after-irradiation with D+ and 4He+ ions with energies at 10, 15, 20 and 100 keV to a dose of 3.1 × 1018ions/cm2 reveal significant surface damage due to blistering. D+ irradiations of the “as received” carbon coatings for energies of 10 to 20 keV to a dose of 3.1 × 1018ions/cm2 revealed no surface blisters or major surface damage whereas the He+ irradiation showed some growth features on the surface. In contrast, 10–20 keV D+ irradiated ATJ graphite revealed large ridges and grooves on the irradiated surface, and 10–20 keV He+ irradiated surfaces showed pitting.
Some Series Formulas ror Mutual Inductance of Solenoids

ABSOLUTE formulas for the mutual inductance of coaxial solenoids have been derived by Nagaoka, Terezawa, and Olshausen. These all give the mutual inductance as a combination of 4 integrals — 2 positive and 2 negative — each of which is a function of one of the 4 distances measured between an end of one solenoid and an end of the other. The expressions for these terms involve elliptic integrals of all 3 kinds, and numerical computations of their values are exacting.
Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy of CH3F in an Equilibrium Cell Maintained at 7.5 K

1. D.R. Willey, R.L. Crownover, D.N. Bittner and F.C. De Lucia, J. Chem. Phys. 89, 1923 (1988).
New Frontiers of Knowledge Management

Purpose - This paper seeks to discuss the new frontiers of knowledge management research. Design/methodology/approach - The paper is based on the author's experiences of putting together a compilation of writings by scholars on the future of knowledge management. Findings - The paper outlines a research agenda for knowledge management. Originality/value - The paper sheds light on critical problems that need to be examined in order to advance the field of knowledge management. Current scholars and students in the area of knowledge management can gain from the insights presented here.
Ultrasonic detection of fatigue damage

Abstract Results are reported of recent experiments which used change in ultrasonic attenuation measurements as a continuous monitor of fatigue damage during cyclic testing of polycrystalline aluminum and steel specimens. Ultrasonic pulses were generated by an x-cut quartz transducer firmly attached to the clamped end of a specimen rod using Eastman 910 cement. The frequencies of these ultrasonic pulses were 10 MHz for polycrystalline aluminum and 5 MHz for cold rolled steel. The specimen shape, transducer size, and frequency used insured that the entire specimen was completely filled with ultrasound in a guided wave mode. The specimen was fatigued as a cantilever beam in reverse bending at 1800 cycles per minute with vertical amplitude peak-to-peak set at a fixed value in the range 7·5–15 mm. In a typical test the ultrasonic attenuation initially remained constant, increased slowly, and then increased catastropically just prior to fracture of the test specimen. All experiments performed on both aluminum and steel specimens at various vibrational amplitudes yielded similar results in that ultrasonic attenuation served as a very sensitive indicator of fatigue damage and in every case indicated that failure was eminent several hours before conventional ultrasonic testing could detect an additional echo caused by energy reflected from a crack. These results strongly suggest that ultrasonic attenuation measurements can be exploited successfully to predict earlier fatigue damage and perhaps fatigue life in practical applications.
The influence of water velocity on the display behavior of male guppies, Poecilia reticulata

The objective of this experiment was to determine if different water velocities during ontogeny affect male physical condition, male signal intensity, and female mating preferences in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Guppies were raised in aquaria in either high or low water velocities and fed in excess. Analysis of 72 males from four replicates indicated that high velocity males had longer mean displays and spent more total time displaying than low velocity males. These males also had significandy faster swimming speeds, wider caudal peduncles, and were more attractive to females than low velocity males. There were no differences in display rates, body widths, standard lengths, or copulation attempts between high and low velocity males. These results indicate that water velocity conditions during ontogeny act as a proximal factor diat influences the display behavior of guppies. Water velocity caused an indirect increase in the power of the male display to produce a female sexual response. The morphometric measurements suggest that die proximal mechanism behind the increased display intensity was the increased muscle development of males raised in high water velocities, which resulted in longer prolonged swimming speeds and more intense displays. Therefore, display behavior of guppies may be a general indicator of overall male physical condition.
PKIKP residuals at stations in North America and Europe

Abstract Station corrections can be determined very accurately from observations of PKIKP, because the effects of mislocations and of station azimuthal variations are minimized. A preliminary study of PKIKP station corrections from bulletin data confirms the relative values of the P corrections found by Cleary and Hales for stations in North America and Europe.
Preoperative State-of-the-Art Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Hip

Hip pain is a frequent complaint of pediatric patients and advanced radiologic imaging is often helpful in elucidating an accurate diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely implemented for evaluating pediatric hip conditions because it does not use ionizing radiation. This article describes newer MRI techniques that aid in the diagnosis and preoperative evaluation of Perthes disease and labral pathology. These include dynamic gadolinium-enhanced subtraction MRI, diffusion-weighted MRI, and new radial sequence in MRI hip arthrogram. MRI is a proven means to provide diagnostic and prognostic information without the use of ionizing radiation. Early detection of subtle changes in pediatric hip conditions is tremendously aided by newer MRI techniques that can temporally stage pathology and assist in the management of the disease.