cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF STAR-FORMING EMISSION-LINE GALAXIES AT z \ 0.1¨0.5

We measure the H II-region oxygen and nitrogen abundances for 14 star-forming emission-line galaxies (ELGs) at intermediate redshifts (0.11 -1.4, similar to local spiral galaxies. These chemical properties are inconsistent with unevolved objects undergoing a first burst of star formation. Comparison with local galaxies showing similar chemical properties suggests that these intermediate-z objects contain substantial old stellar populations that were responsible for the bulk of the heavy elements presently seen in the ionized gas. Four of the 14 galaxies exhibit small half-light radii and narrow emission-line profiles (compact narrow emission-line galaxies [CNELGs]; Koo et al. 1995) consistent with small dynamical masses despite their large optical luminosities and high levels of chemical enrichment. We find that the four CNELGs are indistinguishable from the 10 other emission-line galaxies (ELGs) in the sample on the basis of their metallicity and luminosity alone. Because of their morphological similarity to H II and spheroidal galaxies, CNELGs have been proposed as the starburst progenitors of today's spheroidal galaxies. Our assessment of the stellar chemical abundances in nearby spheroidal galaxies reveals that the majority of the CNELGs are presently ~4 mag brighter and ~0.5 dex more metal rich than the bulk of the stars in well-known metal-poor dwarf spheroidal galaxies such as NGC 205 and NGC 185. Two of the four CNELGs exhibit oxygen abundances higher than the planetary nebula oxygen abundances in NGC 205, making an evolution between these two CNELGs and metal-poor dwarf spheroidal galaxies highly improbable. However, the data are consistent with the hypothesis that more luminous and metal-rich spheroidal galaxies like NGC 3605 may become the evolutionary endpoints of some CNELGs after 1-3 mag of fading. We suggest that the z=0.1-0.4 ELGs, and perhaps some of the CNELGs, are the precursors to today's spiral galaxies during an episode of vigorous bulge star formation ~5 Gyr ago.
Iodine/Palladium Approaches to the Synthesis of Polyheterocyclic Compounds

A simple, straightforward strategy for the synthesis of polyheterocyclic compounds (PHCs) is reported, which involves iterative cycles of palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling, followed by iodocyclization using I2 or ICl. A variety of heterocyclic units, including benzofurans, benzothiophenes, indoles, and isocoumarins, can be efficiently incorporated under mild reaction conditions. In addition, variations of this strategy afford a variety of linked and fused PHCs.
Poincaré polynomials of hyperquot schemes

Hyperquot schemes are generalizations of Grothendieck's Quot scheme to partial flags. Using a Bialynicki-Birula decomposition, we obtain combinatorial data for the Betti numbers, and collect this information into the form of rational generating functions for the Poincare polynomials.
Exploring nanoscale magnetism in advanced materials with polarized X-rays

Abstract Nanoscale magnetism is of paramount scientific interest and high technological relevance. To control magnetization on a nanoscale, both external magnetic fields and spin polarized currents, which generate a spin torque onto the local spin configuration, are being used. Novel ideas of manipulating the spins by electric fields or photons are emerging and benefit from advances in nano-preparation techniques of complex magnetic materials, such as multiferroics, ferromagnetic semiconductors, nanostructures, etc. Advanced analytical tools are needed for their characterization. Polarized soft X-rays using X-ray dichroism effects are used in a variety of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques capable of quantifying in an element, valence and site-sensitive way basic properties of ferro(i)- and antiferromagnetic systems, such as spin and orbital moments, nanoscale spin configurations and spin dynamics with sub-ns time resolution. Future X-ray sources, such as free electron lasers will provide an enormous increase in peak brilliance and open the fs time window to studies of magnetic materials. Thus fundamental magnetic time scales with nanometer spatial resolution can be addressed. This review provides an overview and future opportunities of analytical tools using polarized X-rays by selected examples of current research with advanced magnetic materials.
Microwave induced selective enolization of steroidal ketones and efficient acetylation of sterols in semisolid state

Under microwave irradiation steroidal enones, more specifically, position three carbonyls were efficiently and selectively converted to the corresponding enol acetates in the presence of additional enolizable carbonyl functions at other positions, using acetic anhydride and a catalytic amount of toluene-p-sulfonic acid. Acetylation of hydroxyl groups of the sterols, including those at the hindered positions, was near quantitative. Strictly anhydrous conditions were not a pre-requisite for acetylation and the reaction system easily tolerated up to 10% (v/v) moisture.
Accelerated Linearized Bregman Method

In this paper, we propose and analyze an accelerated linearized Bregman (ALB) method for solving the basis pursuit and related sparse optimization problems. This accelerated algorithm is based on the fact that the linearized Bregman (LB) algorithm first proposed by Stanley Osher and his collaborators is equivalent to a gradient descent method applied to a certain dual formulation. We show that the LB method requires O(1/?) iterations to obtain an ?-optimal solution and the ALB algorithm reduces this iteration complexity to $O(1/\sqrt{\epsilon})$ while requiring almost the same computational effort on each iteration. Numerical results on compressed sensing and matrix completion problems are presented that demonstrate that the ALB method can be significantly faster than the LB method.
Restoration of quantum-limited images by convex projections

We propose a new algorithm for restoring quantum-limited images. The algorithm is based on projection methods but uses constraint sets in which set membership is based on probabilistic measures. Such constraints can be regarded as soft as opposed to hard constraints in which less latitude is given in defining set membership. We show that the restoration of quantum-limited images has certain similarities to estimating a probability-density function. We apply the algorithm to a widely used image phantom and demonstrate that the processed image features less noise without blurred edges.
Simulating QCD with dynamical Wilson and staggered fermions

Abstract I present a summary of the work done during the last year by the Los Alamos lattice collaboration (C. Baillie, R. Gupta, G. Kilcup, G. Guralnik, A. Patel and S. Sharpe) to study QCD with the Hybrid Monte Carlo Algorithm. The specific questions we have addressed are the finite temperature transition for both staggered and Wilson fermions and screening in the heavy q q potential with Wilson fermions. I also present a discussion of the efficiency of the fermion update algorithm.
Hypertension in special populations

Hypertension affects almost 50 million people in the United States. Although the threshold of elevated blood pressure (BP) traditionally has been 140/90 mm Hg, recent recommendations for high-risk patients, such as those with kidney disease, heart failure, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, and heavy proteinuria, target BP levels well below 140/90 mm Hg. In this article, the special populations of children, pregnant women, African-Americans, kidney disease patients, posttransplantation patients, and individuals with diabetes mellitus are discussed. Emphasis is placed on unique aspects of the epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic approaches.
The ZOG approach to man-machine communication

ZOG is a rapid response, large network, menu selection system used for man?machine communication. The philosophy behind this style of communication was first developed by the PROMIS (Problem Oriented Medical Information System) Laboratory of the University of Vermont. ZOG has been used in a number of task domains to help explore the limits and potential benefits of the communication philosophy. This paper discusses the basic ideas in ZOG, describes the architecture of a system implemented to carry out that exploration, and discusses our initial experience.
“I Don’t” versus “I Can’t”: When Empowered Refusal Motivates Goal-Directed Behavior

This research is based on the insight that the language we use to describe our choices serves as a feedback mechanism that either enhances or impedes our goal-directed behavior. Specifically, we investigate the influence of a linguistic element of self-talk, in which a refusal may be framed as “I don’t” (vs. “I can’t”), on resisting temptation and motivating goal-directed behavior. We present a set of four studies to demonstrate the efficacy of the “don’t” (vs. “can’t”) framing (studies 1–3) when the source of the goal is internal (vs. external; studies 2A and 2B), as well as the mediating role of psychological empowerment (studies 1, 2A, and 2B). We demonstrate this novel and effective refusal strategy with actual choice (study 1) and with behavioral intent (studies 2A and 2B) and also illustrate its applicability in the real world in a longitudinal intervention-based field study (study 3).
Enhancement of enantiocontrol/diastereocontrol in catalytic intramolecular cyclopropanation and carbon-hydrogen insertion reactions of diazoacetates with Rh2(4S-MPPIM)4

Summary Dirhodium(II) tetrakis[methyl 1-(3-phenylpropanoyl)imidazolidin-2-one-4(S)-carboxylate], Rh 2 (4S-MPPIM) 4 , provides significant enhancement in enantiocontrol for intramolecular cyclopropanation reactions of allylic diazoacetates and optimal enantiocontrol/diastereocontrol for intramolecular C-H insertion reactions of secondary alkyl diazoacetates.
Coordination and learning in dynamic global games: experimental evidence

Coordination problems are ubiquitous in social and economic life. Political mass demonstrations, the decision whether to join a speculative currency attack, investment in a risky venture, and capital flight from a particular country are all characterized by coordination problems. Furthermore, all these events have a dynamic nature which has been largely omitted from previous experimental studies. Here I use a two-stage variant of a dynamic global game to study experimentally how the arrival of information in a dynamic setting affects the relative aggressiveness of speculators. In the first stage, subjects exhibit excess aggressiveness, which appears to be driven by beliefs about others’ actions rather than an intrinsic taste for attacking. However, following a failed first-stage attack, subjects learn to be less aggressive in the second stage. On the other hand, the arrival of new, more precise information after a failed attack leads to an increase in subjects’ aggressiveness. Beliefs, again, play a crucial role in explaining how the arrival of information affects attacking behavior.
Comparative study of unscreened and screened molecular static linear polarizability in the Hartree-Fock, hybrid-density functional, and density functional models

The sum-over-states (SOS) polarizabilities are calculated within approximate mean-field electron theories such as the Hartree–Fock approximation and density functional models using the eigenvalues and orbitals obtained from the self-consistent solution of the single-particle equations. The SOS polarizabilities are then compared with those calculated using the finite-field (FF) method. Three widely used mean-field models are as follows: (1) the Hartree–Fock (HF) method, (2) the three parameter hybrid generalized gradient approximation (GGA) (B3LYP), and (3) the parameter-free generalized gradient approximation due to Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE). The comparison is carried out for polarizabilities of 142 molecules calculated using the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set at the geometries optimized at the B3LYP/6-311G** level. The results show that the SOS method almost always overestimates the FF polarizabilities in the PBE and B3LYP models. This trend is reversed in the HF method. A few exceptions to these trends are found. The mean absolute errors (MAE) in the screened (FF) and unscreened (SOS) polarizability are 0.78, 1.87, and 3.44 A3 for the HF, B3LYP, and PBE-GGA methods, respectively. Finally, a simple scheme is devised to obtain FF quality polarizability from the SOS polarizability. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
A finite element method for low-speed compressible flows☆

Abstract The derivation and justification for various low-speed approximations to the fully compressible, Navier–Stokes equations are presented. A numerical formulation based on the finite element method is developed and implemented as an extension to the standard Boussinesq equations. Example steady and transient flow problems are simulated to examine the performance of the numerical algorithm and the solution differences with the more commonly studied Boussinesq approximation.
A Tropical Toolkit

Abstract We give an introduction to Tropical Geometry and prove some results in tropical intersection theory. The first part of this paper is an introduction to tropical geometry aimed at researchers in Algebraic Geometry from the point of view of degenerations of varieties using projective not-necessarily-normal toric varieties. The second part is a foundational account of tropical intersection theory with proofs of some new theorems relating it to classical intersection theory.
The Impact of Range Pricing on Marketing Time and Transaction Price: A Better Mousetrap for the Existing Home Market?

In various markets around the country, some real estate professionals are employing a new pricing strategy that involves marketing homes for sale with a price range rather than a single asking price. This strategy is often touted as a mechanism that will attract more potential buyers to look at a house and thus result in reduced marketing times for existing homes, with prices determined by competitive forces. The purpose of this study is to empirically examine whether houses using range pricing, often referred to as value range marketing, sell in the same amount of time and sell for similar prices as those marketed in the traditional manner. Two staged least squares with a correction for sample selection and Weibull duration models are used to test the hypotheses, employing a sample of 5,852 residential houses that were sold during the period January 1999 to December 2000. In contrast to claims of the strategy’s proponents, the results indicate that houses take longer to sell when using the range pricing strategy after controlling for physical characteristics and market conditions. Furthermore, there is no evidence that this strategy has any significant impact on transaction prices.
Preparation of polysubstituted piperidines via radical cyclization

Polysubstituted piperidines were prepared via radical cyclization of α-aminoalkyl radicals onto unactivated double bonds. [1,2]-aza-Wittig rearrangements were observed when an aryl group was attached to the α-aminoalkyl radical center.
Dynamical simulations of nonequilibrium processes — Heat flow and the Kapitza resistance across grain boundaries

We report molecular dynamics simulations of nonequilibrium heat flow in a solid system in the local-equilibrium or hydrodynamic approximation and demonstrate that local equilibrium can be achieved in small numbers of atomic layers over long simulation runs. From the dynamical simulations, we calculate the thermal boundary (Kapitza) resistance that arises from heat flow across Si grain boundaries and compare with the traditional approach based on calculating the transmission and reflection of harmonic phonons at the grain boundary.
Determinants of Internship Effectiveness: An Exploratory Model

Despite the growing popularity of internships, surprisingly little research has investigated causes of their effectiveness. We combine the findings from these studies with insights from the personn...
Fragility and the Dynamic Crossover in Lubricants

The property of fragility in glass forming liquids is introduced to elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL). Using viscosity measurements for two liquids that have been the subject of traction studies, the fragility of liquids is shown to be important to EHL traction and the property that most influences the representative (Eyring) stress. The derivative Stickel analysis is then carried out for lubricants. Using viscosity measurements, the dynamic crossover is detected for the first time in lubricants. The viscosity at the crossover is either constant or varies slowly with temperature and pressure and the crossover pressure varies with temperature in a manner similar to the glass transition pressure. The free volume model fails to predict the occurrence of the dynamic crossover.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Dirac's Footsteps and Supersymmetry

One hundred years after its creator's birth, the Dirac equation stands as the cornerstone of XXth Century physics. But it is much more, as it carries the seeds of supersymmetry. Dirac also invented the light-cone, or "front form" dynamics, which plays a crucial role in string theory and in elucidating the finiteness of N=4 Yang-Mills theory. The light-cone structure of eleven-dimensional supergravity (N=8 supergravity in four dimensions) suggests a group-theoretical interpretation of its divergences. We speculate they could be compensated by an infinite number of triplets of massless higher spin fields, each obeying a Dirac-like equation associated with the coset F4/SO(9). The divergences are proportional to the trace over a non-compact structure containing the compact form of F4. Its nature is still unknown, but it could show the way to M-theory.
Pretrial bargaining with self-serving bias and asymmetric information

Abstract We introduce self-serving bias into the Bebchuk [RAND Journal of Economics 15 (1984) 404] model in which trials result from asymmetric information and characterize the equilibrium. An increase in the self-serving bias of a defendant who receives an offer can, under some circumstances, reduce the incidence of trial. More typically, however, we find that an increase in the self-serving bias of either player increases the incidence of trial. An increase in the self-serving bias of a player who receives the offer has ambiguous effects on that player’s welfare. Self-serving bias serves as a commitment mechanism not to accept offers which are too unfavorable, but players with such a bias typically end up in trial more often. For the player making the offer, we find that an increase in self-serving bias unambiguously lowers welfare.
CW InGaN Multiple‐Quantum‐Well Laser Diodes on Copper Substrates

Continuous-wave (cw) InGaN multiple-quantum-well laser diodes grown on sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) were successfully transferred onto copper using an excimer laser lift-off technique. For the laser diodes on copper substrates improved device performance was observed with room-temperature cw threshold currents as low as 68 mA and threshold voltages of 5.9 V. Differential quantum efficiencies of 0.7 W/A were obtained with a laser emission wavelength near 400 nm. GaN-based laser structures transferred onto copper substrates show a significantly reduced thermal resistance resulting in a more than twofold increase in cw output power to more than 100 W. High quality cleaved facets have been obtained for freestanding GaN laser membranes after sapphire substrate removal.
On universal cycles for multisets

A Universal Cycle for t-multisets of [n]={1,...,n} is a cyclic sequence of (n+t-1t) integers from [n] with the property that each t-multiset of [n] appears exactly once consecutively in the sequence. For such a sequence to exist it is necessary that n divides (n+t-1t), and it is reasonable to conjecture that this condition is sufficient for large enough n in terms of t. We prove the conjecture completely for [email protected]?{2,3} and partially for [email protected]?{4,6}. These results also support a positive answer to a question of Knuth.
The clouds of mars as seen by viking

UV and IR observations of Martian cloud activity by Viking orbiters are reviewed. Localized spiral storms were detected at high northern latitudes during the summer, and both dust and water ice have been associated with the occurrences. Local dust storms formed in spring and summer in the southern hemisphere, and storms along the polar cap edge moved away from the ice covered area on thermally driven downslope winds originating from local variations in thermal inertia. Global dust storms happen nominally during the perihelion of the Martian orbit, although deviations from the pattern have been observed. Condensate clouds were most noticeable around the north polar hood and the Tharsis-Valles Marineris region, with most activity in the spring and summer. Wind speeds were 40 and 85 m/sec in the lower and upper layers of the atmosphere, respectively, with waves having wavelengths from 2-60 km and extending over hundreds of km.
Sadami Matsushita 1920”1984

Sadami Matsushita, of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, died on March 15, 1984, less than a half year after being told that he had stomach cancer. He was born in Kyoto, Japan, on February 12, 1920, the only son of Kiyomi and Taka Taniguchi Matsushita, from whom he acquired his lifelong appreciation of literature and the arts. In 1951, Matsushita obtained his Doctor of Sciences degree from Kyoto University where, continuing his research and lecturing, he soon became one of Japan's leading experts on the subject of ionospheric processes. In 1954, on an invitation from the Research Staff of Physics at the Imperial College of London, he spent a year in England. Before returning to his homeland, Matsushita was persuaded by Walter Roberts to visit the High Altitude Observatory (HAO) at the University of Colorado at Boulder, Colo. The visit became a permanent 29 years of significant scientific creativity at HAO (which became a part of the Center for Atmospheric Research).
Recent results from CLEO on charm and bottom hadrons

In this talk, I present new results from CLEO on charm and bottom hadrons. Most of the talk will be on the issue of the B semileptonic branching fraction, its connection to the number of charm quarks produced in the decay of a b quark, and the rate for the b→cc¯s transition.
Constraints on a very light sbottom

We investigate the phenomenological viability of a very light bottom squark, with a mass less than half of the Z boson mass. The decays of the Z and Higgs bosons to light sbottom pairs are, in a fairly model independent manner, strongly constrained by the precision electroweak data and Higgs signal strength measurements, respectively. These constraints are complementary to direct collider searches, which depend in detail on assumptions regarding the superpartner spectrum and decays of the sbottom. In particular, if the lightest sbottom has a mass below about 15 GeV, compatibility with these measurements is possible only in a special region of parameter space in which the couplings of the lightest sbottom to the Z and Higgs are suppressed. In this region, the second sbottom is predicted to be lighter than about 300 GeV and can also be searched for directly at the LHC. We also survey relevant collider searches for canonical scenarios with a bino, gravitino, or singlino LSP in the compressed and stealth kinematic regimes and provide suggestions to cover remaining open regions of parameter space.
Weathering the Storm: Hurricanes and Birth Outcomes

A growing literature suggests that stressful events in pregnancy can have negative effects on birth outcomes. Some of the estimates in this literature may be affected by small samples, omitted variables, endogenous mobility in response to disasters, and errors in the measurement of gestation, as well as by a mechanical correlation between longer gestation and the probability of having been exposed. We use millions of individual birth records to examine the effects of exposure to hurricanes during pregnancy, and the sensitivity of the estimates to these econometric problems. We find that exposure to a hurricane during pregnancy increases the probability of abnormal conditions of the newborn such as being on a ventilator more than 30min and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). Although we are able to reproduce previous estimates of effects on birth weight and gestation, our results suggest that measured effects of stressful events on these outcomes are sensitive to specification and it is preferable to use more sensitive indicators of newborn health.
Molecular structure of the carbon-bound phosphorus ylide complex trans-dichlorobis(benzoyltri-n-butylphosphorane)palladium(II)

Abstract The molecular structure of trans -[Pd(PhC(O)CHP(n-C 4 H 9 ) 3 ) 2 Cl 2 ] has been determined via a single crystal X-ray diffraction study: triclinic, P 1, a = 8.876(2), b = 10.908(3), c = 11.938(4)A, α = 97.06(2)°, β = 102.79(2)°, γ = 100.51(2)°, V = 1092.1(5)A 3 , Z = 1 and R ( F ) = 4.61%. The phosphorus ylide molecules are bound to the palladium atom through their methine carbon atoms, the overall coordination geometry about the palladium being square planar. The protons in the ortho -positions of the two phenyl group are poised above and below the palladium atom, suggesting that the complex is a precursor of the ortho -metalated complex [Pd(μ-Cl)(C 6 H 4 C(O)CHP(n-C 4 H 9 ) 3 )] 2 synthesized earlier in our laboratory.
Self-help treatment for combined addiction and mental illness.

New approaches to treating patients with combined mental illness and substance abuse continue to be developed. This rethinking of treatment is particularly important because of the acknowledged organizational barriers to effective management of persons with dual diagnoses and the excessive costs associated with their recidivism. This column describes a model for treatment that combines peer-led self-help from the addiction field with professional treatment from general psychiatry. This approach represents a paradigm shift from the way treatment is applied in the conventional mental health system in that patient peers assume many of the roles that are usually carried out by professionals, and these services are then integrated across levels of care. The model is based on a theoretically grounded perspective on behavioral change. We have evaluated its application in empirical studies in our system of acute inpatient, stepdown, and ambulatory units. This column should help convey how the self-help peer-led approach can be applied to bring about systems-level change in a variety of treatment settings where people with dual diagnoses are encountered, such as large hospital centers, smaller private programs, or multisite health maintenance organizations. The problem Combined substance abuse and mental illness was evident in communitybased populations at the time of the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area survey in 1980‐1985. The survey found that 29 percent of mentally ill persons had substance use disorders. Among psychiatric inpatients, a 1988 New York State survey estimated the prevalence of substance abuse to be 34 percent. In a study the following year at New York City’s Bellevue Hospital Center, our treatment site, we found the remarkably high prevalence of 64 percent of substance use disorders among general psychiatric patients (1). Most notable in terms of likely recidivism was that 38 percent of those admitted to the general psychiatric service were cocaine abusers. Addiction rehabilitation, however, was not integrated into our hospital’s approach to general psychiatric care, and dual diagnosis patients were offered no resources for undertaking recovery from addictive illness. There was no access to peer-led self-help, as in the 12-step programs and drug-free therapeutic communities that were typical of community-based addiction rehabilitation. These circumstances are now widely known to lead to recidivism and a compromised clinical outlook. Furthermore, it is now understood that a material change in the care delivery system is needed to address this population’s needs, and no such adaptation had been made at Bellevue—or at similar institutions.
Organocatalytic enantioselective Friedel-Crafts reaction of pyrrole derivatives with imines.

A highly enantioselective Friedel−Crafts reaction of pyrrole derivatives with N-acyl imines catalyzed by chiral phosphoric acids was developed. The reactions produced the pyrrole derivatives in high yields and enantioselectivity.
Synthesis of Catechols from Phenols via Pd-Catalyzed Silanol-Directed C–H Oxygenation

A silanol-directed, Pd-catalyzed C–H oxygenation of phenols into catechols is presented. This method is highly site selective and general, as it allows for oxygenation of not only electron-neutral but also electron-poor phenols. This method operates via a silanol-directed acetoxylation, followed by a subsequent acid-catalyzed cyclization reaction into a cyclic silicon-protected catechol. A routine desilylation of the silacyle with TBAF uncovers the catechol product.
Coupled Vehicle Design and Network Flow Optimization for Air Transportation Systems

be obtained by concurrently optimizing the vehicle design and network flow. This is accomplished by embedding a linear programming solver in the perturbation step of simulated annealing to solve for the large number of linear constraints imposed by the capacity and demand requirements of the network. The benefits of this new formulation are illustrated through an example of an air transportation system for an overnight package delivery network in which a 10% improvement in cost is obtained over traditional network flow optimization. The improvement in system cost obtained can be attributed to the reduction in operational inefficiencies for the transportation system.
Insulin binding to the HL-60 human promyelocytic cell line

Abstract The HL-60 cell is a human leukemic promyelocyte that can be grown in liquid suspension culture. This cell line binds radiolabeled insulin in a rapid, reversible specific manner indicating that it contains cells surface insulin-binding sites. These sites show a pH optimum of 7.8–8.0. Maximal binding was achieved in approx. 60 min at 22°C and was linear with cell number between 5 × 10 6 and 10 8 cells per ml. Displacement of labeled insulin by unlabeled hormone was consistent with a ‘two site’ model with a high affinity site of 2.71 ± 0.55 × 10 8 M − and 8700 sites per cell. Release of labeled insulin from its binding site was accelerated by unlabeled insulin at temperatures above 22°C, but not at 4 or 15°C. We conclude that the HL-60 cell contains cell surface binding sites for insulin with properties similar to other well-described insulin receptors of other tissues.
“Miracle Growth” in the Twentieth Century––International Comparisons of East Asian Development

Abstract Using Maddison’s data, we compare levels and growth rates of real GDP per capita between Korea and Taiwan, along with Japan, and 53 other countries in the world, covering the prewar and postwar periods (1901–92). Both countries, along with Japan, experienced very rapid growth in both periods, especially Korea, whose growth rates ranked third or fourth in the prewar period. After WWII, however, Korea fell steadily below Taiwan, and both fell continuously behind Japan until 1970 when they simultaneously began to catch up. Finally, using Perron’s test, we analyze structural changes or continuity between the two periods. Both domestic and international economic conditions are examined to explain the findings.
Who You Going to Call? Performance of Realtors and Non-realtors in a MLS Setting

This study attempts to shed some light on the extent of non-realtor broker listings on the MLS and their resulting price and time-on-the markets effects. Using duration, probit and selling price models, this study empirically examines whether the REALTOR designation provides a signal of quality that is reflected in the price and time on the market for sellers. Results indicate that properties listed by non-realtors on the MLS setting sell at lower prices, take slightly longer to sell, and are less likely to sell than properties listed by REALTORs in a MLS setting. Working with a REALTOR in a MLS setting appears to be advantageous to the seller.
Effects of Differential Rotation on the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars

The merger of binary neutron stars is likely to lead to differentially rotating remnants. In this paper, we numerically construct models of differentially rotating neutron stars in general relativity and determine their maximum allowed mass. We model the stars by adopting a polytropic equation of state and tabulate maximum allowed masses as a function of differential rotation and stiffness of the equation of state. We also provide a crude argument that yields a qualitative estimate of the effect of stiffness and differential rotation on the maximum allowed mass.
A Numerical Study of Buoyant Plane Parallel Jets

A numerical study was performed to assess the influence of buoyancy on plane, parallel jets. Results indicate that, relative to isothermal jets, the location along the vertical symmetry plane at which the two jets merge (the merge point) decreases with increasing jet inlet temperature. This decrease is attributed to higher entrainment rates for the heated jet relative to the isothermal jet. It was also found that for sufficiently high values of the Archimedes number, the merge point becomes nearly independent of the initial jet spacing.
Motor adaptation during dorsiflexion-assisted walking with a powered orthosis

A robotic ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) that provides powered assistance could adjust to varying gait dynamics much better than a rigid AFO. To provide insight into how humans would adapt to a powered AFO, we studied the response of neurologically intact subjects walking with an active dorsiflexion assist orthosis proportionally controlled by tibialis anterior electromyography (EMG). We examined the two mechanical functions of ankle dorsiflexors in gait (power absorption at heel strike and power generation at toe-off) by recruiting two groups of healthy subjects: Group One, called Continuous Control (n=5), had dorsiflexion assistance both at the initial heel contact and during swing; Group Two, called Swing Control (n=5), had the assistance only during swing. We hypothesized both groups of subjects would reduce tibialis anterior EMG amplitude with practice walking with the powered dorsiflexion assist. Ten healthy subjects were fitted with custom-made orthoses that included an artificial pneumatic muscle providing dorsiflexor torque. We collected lower body kinematics, EMG, and artificial muscle force while subjects walked on a treadmill for two 30-min training sessions. We found that subjects walked with increased ankle dorsiflexion by 9 degrees but showed different adaptation responses of the two tibialis anterior EMG bursts. The first EMG burst around heel strike had approximately 28% lower amplitudes (p<0.05) but the second EMG burst during swing had similar amplitudes. These results provide baseline data of EMG controlled dorsiflexion assist in neurologically intact humans that can be used to guide future studies on neurologically impaired individuals.
Sphenomenology — An overview, with a focus on a Higgsino LSP world, and on eventual tests of string theory

Abstract In this talk, as requested, I begin with a overview and with some basic reminders about how evidence for supersymmetry in nature might appear — in particular, how SUSY signatures are never clear so it is difficult to search for them without major theoretical input. Models can be usefully categorized phenomenologically by naming their LSP — that is, once the LSP is approximately fixed so is the behavior of the observables, and the resulting behavior is generally very different for different LSPs. Next I compare the three main LSP-models (gravitino, bino, higgsino). Hints from data suggest taking the higgsino-LSP world very seriously, so I focus on it, and describe its successful prediction of reported events from the 1996 LEP runs. SUSY signatures in the h LSP world are very different from those that are usually studied. Then I briefly discuss how to measure the parameters of the effective Lagrangian from collider and decay data. Finally I turn to how data will test and help extract the implications of string theories.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Traditional and Virtual Reality Interfaces in Spherical Mechanism Design

Virtual reality (VR) interfaces have the potential to enhance the engineering design process, but before industry embraces them, the benefits must be understood and documented. The current research compared two software applications, one which uses a traditional human-computer interface (HCI) and one which uses a virtual reality HCI, that were developed to aid engineers in designing complex three-dimensional spherical mechanisms. Participants used each system to design a spherical mechanism and then evaluated the different interfaces. Participants rated their ability to interact with the computer images, their feelings about each interface, and their preferences for which interface device to use for certain tasks. The results indicated that participants preferred a traditional interface for interaction tasks and a VR interface for visual tasks. These results provide information about how to improve implementation of VR technology, specifically for complex three-dimensional design applications.
Distributed-sensor-system decision analysis using team strategies

A distributed (or decentralized) multiple sensor system is considered under binary hypothesis environments. The system is deployed with a host sensor (HS) and multiple slave sensors (SSs). All sensors have their own independent decision makers which are capable of declaring local decisions based solely on their own observation of the environment. The communication between the HS and the SSs is conditional upon the HS's command. Each communication that takes place involves a communication cost which plays an important role in the approaches taken in this study. The conditional communication with the cost initiates the team strategy in making the final decisions at the HS. The objectives are not only to apply the team strategy method in the decision making process, but also to minimize the expected system cost (or the probability of error in making decisions) by optimizing thresholds in the HS> The analytical expression of the expected system cost (C) is numerically evaluated for Gaussian statistics over threshold locations in the HS to find an optimal threshold location for a given communication cost. The computer simulations of various sensor systems for Gaussian observations are also performed in order to understand the behavior of each system with respect to correct detections, false, alarms, and target misses.
Comparison of volumes of convex bodies in real, complex, and quaternionic spaces

Abstract The classical Busemann–Petty problem (1956) asks, whether origin-symmetric convex bodies in R n with smaller hyperplane central sections necessarily have smaller volumes. It is known, that the answer is affirmative if n ⩽ 4 and negative if n > 4 . The same question can be asked when volumes of hyperplane sections are replaced by other comparison functions having geometric meaning. We give unified analysis of this circle of problems in real, complex, and quaternionic n-dimensional spaces. All cases are treated simultaneously. In particular, we show that the Busemann–Petty problem in the quaternionic n-dimensional space has an affirmative answer if and only if n = 2 . The method relies on the properties of cosine transforms on the unit sphere. We discuss possible generalizations.
Synaptic potentiation facilitates memory-like attractor dynamics in cultured in vitro hippocampal networks.

Collective rhythmic dynamics from neurons is vital for cognitive functions such as memory formation but how neurons self-organize to produce such activity is not well understood. Attractor-based computational models have been successfully implemented as a theoretical framework for memory storage in networks of neurons. Additionally, activity-dependent modification of synaptic transmission is thought to be the physiological basis of learning and memory. The goal of this study is to demonstrate that using a pharmacological treatment that has been shown to increase synaptic strength within in vitro networks of hippocampal neurons follows the dynamical postulates theorized by attractor models. We use a grid of extracellular electrodes to study changes in network activity after this perturbation and show that there is a persistent increase in overall spiking and bursting activity after treatment. This increase in activity appears to recruit more “errant” spikes into bursts. Phase plots indicate a conserved activity pattern suggesting that a synaptic potentiation perturbation to the attractor leaves it unchanged. Lastly, we construct a computational model to demonstrate that these synaptic perturbations can account for the dynamical changes seen within the network.
Neonatal early-onset group B streptococcal disease in the era of intrapartum chemoprophylaxis: residual problems.

OBJECTIVE: To identify limitations of current strategies for intrapartum prophylaxis of neonatal early-onset group B streptococcal infection. METHODS: Retrospective review of infants with culture-proven early-onset group B streptococcal infection admitted to two nurseries and their mothers from July 1992, when ACOG and AAP guidelines for intrapartum prophylaxis were first issued, through December 2001. Information was recorded regarding clinical risk factors for early-onset group B streptococcal infection, collection and processing of specimens to assess maternal colonization, delivery of prophylaxis, duration of hospitalization before delivery, and outcome. RESULTS: Among 92 infants with early-onset group B streptococcal infection admitted from 23 institutions, 68 had received no intrapartum prophylaxis. Of these 68 who received no prophylaxis, 34 had identifiable risk factors before delivery (32 clinical, two positive maternal culture), while 34 had no risk factors. Prenatal culture for group B streptococcal colonization was performed in 22 of these women. Of the 18 cultures that were negative for group B streptococcus, 15 were obtained using suboptimal culture technique or were collected more than 6 weeks before delivery. Of the 68 with no prophylaxis, 14 required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and three died. Of the 24 who received some intrapartum prophylaxis, nine had received ≥two doses for ≥4 hours immediately before delivery. Among the 24 receiving some intrapartum prophylaxis, two required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and one died. No deaths occurred in those who received >4 hours of prophylaxis, although one such infant required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. After the CDC guidelines were issued in May 1996, there was a decrease both in the number of cases of early-onset group B streptococcal infection (56 versus 36) as well as in the number with clinical risk factors but no intrapartum prophylaxis (24/56 (43%) versus 5/28 (18%)). CONCLUSIONS: The use of clinical risk factors alone will inevitably result in missed opportunity for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. With maternal screening, false-negative results will be reduced but not necessarily eliminated by assuring that specimens are obtained from proper sites using selective media within 6 weeks of delivery. Better strategies are needed to assure timely administration when prophylaxis is indicated. The nine neonates with early-onset group B streptococcal infection despite intrapartum antibiotics for the recommended duration illustrate that disease may occur even when guidelines are implemented appropriately.
High-precision isotopic analyses of uranium and plutonium by total sample volatilization and signal integration

Techniques have been developed that permit rapid, high-precision analyses of uranium and plutonium by multiple-filament thermal ionization mass spectrometry utilizing a commercial multicollector instrument. The salient feature of the method is volatilization of the entire sample while simultaneously integrating the signal from each isotope, thus virtually eliminating the effects of isotope fractionation in the evaporation process. The method permits the analysis of samples much smaller than required for conventional techniques using Faraday collectors and is expected to have application in the analysis of many elements in addition to uranium and plutonium. Run-to-run reproducibilities of < 0.02% RSD have been obtained for isotope ratios of uranium and plutonium.
Intramolecular allylstannane-carbonyl condensations. Formation of vinylcyclopropane derivatives and an unusual dimeric product

Abstract Intramolecular condensation reactions between allylstannane moieties and carbonyl groups joined by a one carbon tether have been observed, affording silyloxyvinylcyclopropanes. An unexpected dimeric product was formed in one case. Aldehyde derived vinylcyclopropanes have been ring expanded to cyclopentenols.
Host Galaxies of Luminous Type 2 Quasars at z ~ 0.5

We present deep Gemini GMOS optical spectroscopy of nine luminous quasars at redshifts z ~ 0.5, drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey type 2 quasar sample. Our targets were selected to have high intrinsic luminosities (MV 1 Gyr) which dominates the stellar mass. Broad emission complexes around He II ?4686 ? with luminosities up to 108.3 L ? are unambiguously detected in three out of the nine targets, indicative of Wolf-Rayet (WR) populations. Population synthesis shows that ~5 Myr poststarburst populations contribute substantially to the luminosities (>50% of L 5100) of all three objects with WR detections. We find two objects with double cores and four with close companions. Our results may suggest that luminous type 2 quasars trace an early stage of galaxy interaction, perhaps responsible for both the quasar and the starburst activity.
MammoSite excision volume as a predictor for residual disease

BACKGROUND The MammoSite catheter is a brachytherapy device used for accelerated partial breast irradiation. Currently, it is available as 2 spherically shaped balloons meant to fill 70-cc and 120-cc cavity volumes. This study was designed to define the relation of these excision volumes to the likelihood of microscopically detectable, residual disease based on tumor size, margin status, patient age, and histology. METHODS The study data base was comprised of 531 patients with Stage 0, I, and II breast carcinoma (using American Joint Committee on Cancer staging criteria) who received breast-conserving therapy and underwent surgical reexcision. Patients in the data base were stratified based on the volume of their initial excision: ≤ 70 cc versus > 70 cc and ≤ 120 cc versus > 120 cc. RESULTS Surgical margin size was found to be a strong predictor of residual disease both for patients with smaller excision volumes (P = 0.0014) and patients with larger excision volumes (P = 0.0003); histology (extensive intraductal component [EIC] or pure ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS]) also was a strong predictor. Tumor size was significant only for the larger volume group (P = 0.029). On multivariate analysis, only histology and initial margin status were significant correlates with residual disease. The adjusted odds ratio for residual disease with pure DCIS was 0.79, and the adjusted odds ratio for invasive ductal or lobular carcinoma (IDC/ILC) without EIC was 0.44 relative to IDC/ILC with EIC (P = 0.008). The adjusted odds ratio for residual disease with a positive initial margin versus a negative initial margin was 2.65 (P ≤ 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS For excisions amenable to use of the MammoSite catheter, a margin ≥ 1.0 mm appeared to afford at most a 35% risk of microscopically detectable residual tumor. Evidence of EIC on excision of IDC/ILC connoted a significantly higher risk. Age did not appear to be predictive for residual disease. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.