cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implementation of clinical pharmacy services in a dialysis unit.

Pharmacists have demonstrated a positive impact on patient care outcomes in both the inpatient and outpatient settings by monitoring treatment plans, providing patient and health care professional education, and promoting cost-effective therapy.[1][1]–[4][2] Prospective review of medication orders
High-performance fault-tolerant VLSI systems using micro rollback

A technique called micro rollback, which allows most of the performance penalty for concurrent error detection to be eliminated, is presented. Detection is performed in parallel with the transmission of information between modules, thus removing the delay for detection from the critical path. Erroneous information may thus reach its destination module several clock cycles before an error indication. Operations performed on this erroneous information are undone using a hardware mechanism for fast rollback of a few cycles. The implementation of a VLSI processor capable of micro rollback is discussed, as well as several critical issues related to its use in a complete system. >
Vicarious Traumatization: Potential Hazards and Interventions for Disaster and Trauma Workers

Disaster and trauma workers often disregard their own reactions and needs when focusing on caring for those directly exposed to traumatic events. This article discusses the concept of vicarious traumatization, a form of post-traumatic stress response sometimes experienced by those who indirectly are exposed to traumatic events. It includes an examination of how vicarious trauma reactions are experienced across different professions, and suggestions on how to limit or prevent vicarious traumatization. The authors review self-care strategies as well as training and organizational considerations that may be beneficial for individuals and organizations to address.
An empirical strategy for characterizing bacterial proteomes across species in the absence of genomic sequences

Global protein identification through current proteomics methods typically depends on the availability of sequenced genomes. In spite of increasingly high throughput sequencing technologies, this information is not available for every microorganism and rarely available for entire microbial communities. Nevertheless, the protein-level homology that exists between related bacteria makes it possible to extract biological information from the proteome of an organism or microbial community by using the genomic sequences of a near neighbor organism. Here, we demonstrate a trans-organism search strategy for determining the extent to which near-neighbor genome sequences can be applied to identify proteins in unsequenced environmental isolates. In proof of concept testing, we found that within a CLUSTAL W distance of 0.089, near-neighbor genomes successfully identified a high percentage of proteins within an organism. Application of this strategy to characterize environmental bacterial isolates lacking sequenced genomes, but having 16S rDNA sequence similarity to Shewanella resulted in the identification of 300–500 proteins in each strain. The majority of identified pathways mapped to core processes, as well as to processes unique to the Shewanellae, in particular to the presence of c-type cytochromes. Examples of core functional categories include energy metabolism, protein and nucleotide synthesis and cofactor biosynthesis, allowing classification of bacteria by observation of conserved processes. Additionally, within these core functionalities, we observed proteins involved in the alternative lactate utilization pathway, recently described in Shewanella.
Designing dose-escalation trials with late-onset toxicities using the time-to-event continual reassessment method.

Purpose The standard design for phase I trials of combined chemotherapy and radiation, which enters either three or six patients per dose level, has little statistical basis and is subject to opening and closing because of delayed toxicities that disrupt patient accrual. We compared the operating characteristics of this standard design and the time-to-event continual reassessment method (TITE-CRM) for dose-escalation trials of combination chemotherapy and radiation. Methods The operating characteristics were determined by Monte Carlo simulation of 60,000 phase I trials. Results Compared with the standard trial design, in studies with delayed toxicity (ie, where four or more patients are expected to enter onto the study during a single previously enrolled patient's observation for toxicity), TITE-CRM trials are significantly shorter when toxicity observation times are long, treat more patients at or above the maximum-tolerated dose, identify the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) more accurately, and provide pha...
Diversity research literature on the rise? A review of school psychology journals from 2000 to 2003

School psychologists in the United States are not nearly as diverse demographically as the students they serve (T.K. Fagan & P.S. Wise, 2000). A.H. Miranda and P.B. Gutter (2002) investigated the number of diversity-related articles in four leading school psychology journals from 1990 to 1999 and found that there was an increase in the percentage of articles in these journals that were diversity related as compared to a study done by R.M. Wiese Rogers (1992) that examined school psychology journals from 1975 to 1990. There was a particular increase in diversity-related articles appearing from 1995 to 1999. The present study examined school psychology journals from 2000 to 2003 to determine whether this increase was an aberration or an indication of a longer term change. Results indicate a continued trend toward more diversity-related articles in the school psychology literature, but several gaps remain. Implications for the field are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High-sensitivity elemental ionization for quantitative detection of halogenated compounds.

The rising importance of organohalogens in environmental, pharmaceutical, and biological applications has drawn attention to analysis of these compounds in recent years. Elemental mass spectrometry (MS) is particularly advantageous in this regard because of its ability to quantify without compound-specific standards. However, low sensitivity of conventional elemental MS for halogens has hampered applications of this powerful method in organohalogen analyses. To this end, we have developed a high-sensitivity elemental ion source compatible with widely available atmospheric-sampling mass spectrometers. We utilize a helium–oxygen plasma for atomization followed by negative ion formation in plasma afterglow, a configuration termed as plasma-assisted reaction chemical ionization (PARCI). The effect of oxygen on in-plasma and afterglow reactions is investigated, leading to fundamental understanding of ion generation processes as well as optimized operating conditions. Coupled to a gas chromatograph, PARCI shows constant ionization efficiency for F, Cl, and Br regardless of the chemical structure of the compounds. Negative ionization in the afterglow improves halide ion formation efficiency and eliminates isobaric interferences, offering sub-picogram elemental detection for F, Cl, and Br using low-resolution MS. Notably, the detection limit for F is about one order of magnitude better than other elemental MS techniques. The high sensitivity and facile adoptability of PARCI pave the way for combined elemental-molecular characterization, a comprehensive analytical scheme for rapid identification and quantification of organohalogens.
An improved theory for the prediction of microcavitation thresholds

An approximate analytical formulation is presented that allows for the calculation of acoustic pressure thresholds for transient cavitation over a variety of frequencies and host fluid parameters. Specifically, R.E. Apfel's (1986) theory is extended to include an estimate of the time delay associated with the Laplace pressure, 2 sigma /R/sub 0/, where sigma is the surface tension and R/sub 0/ is the initial radius. Also presented is a correction factor for the time-averaged pressure difference, across the bubble wall during growth. An optimum size distribution of nuclei for the predisposition of a sample to microcavitation is exhibited. The role of transient cavitation in medical ultrasound is discussed. >
The Endoplasmic Reticulum Binding Protein BiP Displays Dual Function in Modulating Cell Death Events

The binding protein (BiP) has been demonstrated to participate in innate immunity and attenuate endoplasmic reticulum- and osmotic stress-induced cell death. Here, we employed transgenic plants with manipulated levels of BiP to assess whether BiP also controlled developmental and hypersensitive programmed cell death (PCD). Under normal conditions, the BiP-induced transcriptome revealed a robust down-regulation of developmental PCD genes and an up-regulation of the genes involved in hypersensitive PCD triggered by nonhost-pathogen interactions. Accordingly, the BiP-overexpressing line displayed delayed leaf senescence under normal conditions and accelerated hypersensitive response triggered by Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato in soybean (Glycine max) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), as monitored by measuring hallmarks of PCD in plants. The BiP-mediated delay of leaf senescence correlated with the attenuation of N-rich protein (NRP)-mediated cell death signaling and the inhibition of the senescence-associated activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). By contrast, under biological activation of salicylic acid (SA) signaling and hypersensitive PCD, BiP overexpression further induced NRP-mediated cell death signaling and antagonistically inhibited the UPR. Thus, the SA-mediated induction of NRP cell death signaling occurs via a pathway distinct from UPR. Our data indicate that during the hypersensitive PCD, BiP positively regulates the NRP cell death signaling through a yet undefined mechanism that is activated by SA signaling and related to ER functioning. By contrast, BiP’s negative regulation of leaf senescence may be linked to its capacity to attenuate the UPR activation and NRP cell death signaling. Therefore, BiP can function either as a negative or positive modulator of PCD events.
Modern approaches in primary exstrophy closure

Until the 1970s, bladder exstrophy was a frequently fatal birth defect that, at the very least, conferred a shortened life span with devastating consequences for afflicted patients. Beginning with the modern era of surgical management, survival has become routine, and now the focus is on optimizing a near-normal return to function and cosmesis while limiting the frequency and morbidity of reconstructive procedures. Here we discuss the most frequently used strategies, their principles, and most recent outcomes for the management of exstrophy worldwide. Advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed in broad terms with the understanding that one universally accepted technique for managing bladder exstrophy has yet to be developed.
Optimising treatment of CF pulmonary exacerbation: a tough nut to crack.

Pulmonary exacerbations (PExs) are a common occurrence in cystic fibrosis (CF) and their impact real, detrimentally affecting quality of life,1 ,2 morbidity3 ,4 and mortality.5 Treatment often includes a prolonged course of intravenous aminoglycosides, beta-lactams and increased airway clearance but there is neither consensus nor standard protocol for therapeutic options in the setting of CF PEx. The United States CF Foundation conducted a systematic review and published guidelines6 ,7 for the treatment of a CF PEx; the data presented in the systematic review highlighted the paucity of evidence that guides current clinical management. Recent advances in CF chronic therapies such as inhaled antibiotics, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators, mucolytics and macrolides have proven to reduce the occurrence of PEx or delay the time to next exacerbation; however, very limited research8 has occurred in the area of acute management of PEx, including the development of novel therapeutics. This is due, in part, to the challenges in conducting such studies. Randomised, controlled trials of acute PEx management are mired by challenges, including variability in treatment location (home vs inpatient vs both), duration and selection of antibiotics and use of mucolytics or corticosteroids—many of which are driven by differences in physician goals or patient preferences. Conducting a trial in an environment with this constellation of variable treatment factors can be a daunting task, but without such trials, we can never improve the care of acute PEx for our patients with CF. Dentice et al 9 report findings of a randomised, blinded, placebo controlled trial of hypertonic saline (HS) administered during a hospital admission for PEx in CF adults. HS is an osmotic agent …
Display and enhancement of volumetric fault images

ABSTRACTFault picking is a critical, but human-labor-intensive component of seismic interpretation. In a bid to improve fault imaging in seismic data, we have applied a directional Laplacian of a Gaussian operator to sharpen fault features within a coherence volume. We computed an M×M matrix of the second moment tensor distance-weighted coherence values that fell within a 3D analysis window about each voxel. The eigenvectors of this matrix defined the orientation of planar discontinuities, whereas the corresponding eigenvalues determined whether these discontinuities were significant. The eigenvectors, which quantified the fault dip magnitude and dip azimuth, defined a natural coordinate system for smoothing of the planar discontinuity. We rotated the data to the new coordinate system and applied the sharpening operator. By comparing the vector dip of the discontinuity to the vector dip of the reflectors, we could apply a filter to either suppress or enhance discontinuities associated with unconformities ...
Testing separability of mixed states by looking at them

By focusing on the X-matrix part of a two-qubit density matrix we provide a lower bound for the concurrence. We then generalize the result and provide an algebraic separability test for a mixed bipartite state of arbitrary dimension.
Marginal Zone Lymphoma

Marginal zone lymphomas (MZLs) comprise 3 distinct entities: extranodal MZL of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), splenic MZL, and nodal MZL. Gastric MALT lymphoma is the most common extranodal MZL and often develops as a result of chronic Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Such cases frequently respond to antibiotics directed against H. pylori. Antigen-driven lymphomatous disease can also be seen in the association of Borrelia burgdorferi with MALT lymphoma of the skin, Chlamydia psittaci with MALT lymphoma of the ocular adnexa, Campylobacter jejuni with immunoproliferative disease of the small intestine, and hepatitis C with splenic MZL. This article discusses the pathogenesis and clinical features of MZL and the treatment options available to patients.
Ammonia Nitrogen Impact on Treatment Effect of the Chlorinated Fungicide

Ammonia nitrogen content in urban secondary sewage is high,which has great impact on the chlorinated fungicide.The consumption of ammonia nitrogen to chlorine fungicide and the needed fungicides to achieve the same bactericidal effect are quantified.Along with the ammonia content increase,the residual chlorine contentin the water quickly reduces,and thus more dosage is needed.It proposes measures to maintain fungicide efficiency in case of high ammonia chlorine.
Research on the Countermeasure of Talent Development in Xi'an Yanliang National Aviation Base

Xi'an owns rich resources of scientific and technological talents,especially in aviation industry. In order to make full use of aviation industry talent resources,and stimulate the development of Xi 'an aviation industry,and also promote the development of new economic in Xi'an,this paper took the enterprise talents and industrial economic development of the aviation base as the investigation object. With the method of questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews,the paper analyzed the present situation and existing problems of enterprise talent introduction,talent training,talent policy and other aspects in Xi'an Yan Liang aviation base. And then measures and policies are proposed to accelerate the talent development of Xi'an Yan Liang aviation base.
On a new inequality in the planar three-body problem

This paper presents a new inequality in the planar three-body problem (P3BP). The inequality complements Sundman’s inequality and we show that classical inequalities that determine the regions of possible motion and the domain of admissible configurations are direct consequences of our result. Additionally, it offers opportunities to further explore other qualitative features of the planar three-body problem.
Regional Mapping of Flow and Wall Characteristics of Intracranial Aneurysms

The evolution of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is thought to be driven by progressive wall degradation in response to abnormal hemodynamics. Previous studies focused on the relationship between global hemodynamics and wall properties. However, hemodynamics, wall structure and mechanical properties of cerebral aneurysms can be non-uniform across the aneurysm wall. Therefore, the aim of this work is to introduce a methodology for mapping local hemodynamics to local wall structure in resected aneurysm specimens. This methodology combines image-based computational fluid dynamics, tissue resection, micro-CT imaging of resected specimens mounted on 3D-printed aneurysm models, alignment to 3D vascular models, multi-photon microscopy of the wall, and regional mapping of hemodynamics and wall properties. This approach employs a new 3D virtual marking tool for surgeons to delineate the location of the resected specimen directly on the 3D model, while in the surgical suite. The case of a middle cerebral artery aneurysm is used to illustrate the application of this methodology to the assessment of the relationship between local wall shear stress and local wall properties including collagen fiber organization and wall geometry. This methodology can similarly be used to study the relationship between local intramural stresses and local wall structure.
Café Data 2.0: New Data From a New and Improved Café

ABSTRACTIn this article, we revisit the cafe story first introduced in 2011. Recent data from this cafe run by business students at a Midwestern public university are explored and analyzed. The data were collected using a point-of-sale system over a 3-month period during the spring semester of 2015. These data can be used in introductory statistics courses to illustrate the use of time series and forecasting, applications of data mining and visualization, as well as sampling, confidence intervals, and inference using ANOVA and chi-square tests for independence. Since the data pertain to a student-run business, we believe that statistics students, especially those in business disciplines, will find the data's context to be relevant and interesting. In addition to the technical exercises, we provide background and context for several managerial issues that these data can be used to address, thus emphasizing the importance of data-driven decision making.
Bond quality inspection for nonhomogeneous highly attenuating heat shield blocks

A NASA effort is underway to develop a nondestructive inspection method to evaluate the bonding condition for heat shield blocks that are bonded to a composite substrate. The initial effort is reported in this paper. The goal is to demonstrate a proof of concept for a reliable detection method using a single-sided scan capability applied from the outside of the heat shield blocks. Two representative samples with known defects are made available for the initial proof of concept; the results of one sample are reported here. The two specimens had been scanned using various nondestructive testing methods including immersion ultrasound, handheld ultrasound, air-coupled ultrasound, microwave, Terahertz, computed radiography, and shearography. These efforts were performed by industry experts and academia. All were limited in their detectability of the known flawed regions in the specimens and suffered high levels of uncertainty in the good regions. Most nondestructive evaluation methods are sensitive to detecting changes in the material property. This means that an air pocket is easy to detect in an unbounded interface but when the air pocket is absent and the two surfaces are in intimate contact (kissing bond) most methods fails to detect the difference. Electromagnetic methods (radiography, thermography, microwave, Terahertz) will not detect a change in material property. Shearography is not successful in attempting to detect changes in stiffness through the highly damping thick heat shield layer. As a mechanical wave, ultrasound is the primary method that may be able to detect a kissing bond. However, it was quickly recognized that ultrasound has to overcome a number of difficult challenges related to the nonhomogeneous and highly damping nature of the thermal shield material. Inhomogeneity causes pronounced changes in signal strength that make the distinction between good and bad areas very difficult. At the same time, scatter and attenuation become detrimental to high frequency ultrasonic signals, which are necessary to resolve echoes returning from the bond line. Conversely, low frequency sound waves provide poor spatial and temporal resolution due to the broader wavelengths associated with the signal.
How to Write a Clinical Vignette Abstract

Many professional medical conferences invite authors to submit clinical vignette abstracts: brief case reports formatted as structured abstracts. Submitting a clinical vignette abstract can be a valuable experience. It is an ideal opportunity for trainees and faculty to work closely together on a scholarly project. Many conferences offer competitive awards for the best clinical vignettes’ oral or poster presentations, providing an avenue for recognition by peers and leaders. For those in academic medicine, presenting an abstract may allow access to travel funds and bolster a curriculum vitae. Finally, writing and submitting a clinical vignette abstract is a great first step to publishing a full case report. This chapter presents 20 tips for writing an excellent clinical vignette abstract for submission to a conference. “Before and after” examples are used throughout to illustrate key points.
Inactivation of maternal Hif-1α at mid-pregnancy causes placental defects and deficits in oxygen delivery to the fetal organs under hypoxic stress

A critical transition occurs near mid-gestation of mammalian pregnancy. Prior to this transition, low concentrations of oxygen (hypoxia) signaling through Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) functions as a morphogen for the placenta and fetal organs. Subsequently, functional coupling of the placenta and fetal cardiovascular system for oxygen (O2) transport is required to support the continued growth and development of the fetus. Here we tested the hypothesis that Hif-1α is required in maternal cells for placental morphogenesis and function. We used Tamoxifen-inducible Cre-Lox to inactivate Hif-1α in maternal tissues at E8.5 (MATcKO), and used ODD-Luciferase as a reporter of hypoxia in placenta and fetal tissues. MATcKO of Hif-1α reduced the number of uterine natural killer (uNK) cells and Tpbpa-positve trophoblast cells in the maternal decidua at E13.5 -15.5. There were dynamic changes in all three layers of E13.5-15.5 MATcKO placenta. Of note was the under-development of the labyrinth at E15.5 associated with reduced Ki67 and increased TUNEL staining consistent with reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. Labyrinth defects were particularly evident in placentas connected to effectively HIF-1α heterozygous null embryos. MATcKO had no effect on basal ODD-Luciferase activity in fetal organs (heart, liver, brain) at any stage, but at E13.5-15.5 resulted in enhanced induction of the ODD-Luciferase hypoxia reporter when the dam's inspired O2 was reduced to 8% for 4 hours. MATcKO also slowed the growth after E13.5 of fetuses that were effectively heterozygous for Hif-1α, with most being non-viable at E15.5. The hearts of these E15.5 fetuses were abnormal with reduction in size, thickened epicardium and mesenchymal septum. We conclude that maternal HIF-1α is required for placentation including recruitment of uNK and trophoblast cells into the maternal decidua and other trophoblast cell behaviors. The placental defects render the fetus vulnerable to O2 deprivation after mid-gestation.
DNA Modifications and Memory

The formation and storage of memories in the brain require coordinated and long-lasting changes in memory-related neural circuitry, including induction of transcriptional and epigenetic programs within specific populations of cells. Emerging evidence has revealed that DNA modifications are an essential aspect of memory formation and storage in the adult nervous system. This chapter highlights the important role played by DNA methylation in the context of learning and memory and considers its relationship with long-term neuronal plasticity and behavioral memory.
Wavelet Band Powers of the Primordial Power Spectrum from Cosmic Microwave Background Data

Measuring the primordial matter power spectrum is our primary means of probing unknown physics in the very early universe. We allow the primordial power spectrum to be an arbitrary function and parameterize it in terms of wavelet band powers. Current cosmological data correspond to 11 such wavelet bands. We derive constraints on these band powers as well as H0, Ωbh2, and Ωmh2 from current cosmic microwave background anisotropy data using the Markov chain Monte Carlo technique. Our results indicate a feature in the primordial power spectrum at 0.008 k/(h Mpc-1) 0.1. Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe and Planck data should allow us to put tighter constraints on the primordial power spectrum.
BDNF decreases in response to an 8-week “Paleo” diet intervention

Many popular diet trends often result in short-term weight loss, but potential changes in health-related biomarkers need to also be investigated. The PURPOSE of this feasibility study was to evaluate biomarkers before and after a “Paleo” diet intervention and to pilot methodology related to subject instructions for self-preparing meals. Methods Seven overweight but otherwise healthy adults (age mean ± SE = 32.7 ± 5.1 years; BMI 29.4 ± 1.2 kg/m2) completed eight weeks of a “Paleo” dietary intervention. Subjects were provided with menus, recipes, and one-on-one meetings to provide guidance with purchasing food and preparing meals that align with the “Paleo” diet. A post-absorptive blood sample was collected pre- and post-intervention. Serum was stored for end of study ELISA and multiplex analyses. Results Serum BDNF decreased (p = 0.0219) from pre-intervention (1286.7 ± 135.1 ng/mL) to post- intervention (900.8 ± 72.7 ng/mL). Serum leptin also decreased (p = 0.0118) from pre-intervention (2796.7 ± 693.3 pg/mL) to post-intervention (1262.9 ± 454.5 pg/mL). There was no change in serum insulin concentration. Body weight decreased 5.3 ± 1.4 kg (p = 0.0084). Discussion BDNF and leptin decreased concurrently with body weight. This may provide some support for the potential roles of BDNF and leptin in energy intake and body weight regulation. Conclussion This is the first study to report a “Paleo” diet- induced decrease in BDNF and leptin in an overweight but otherwise healthy population.
The problem of employees' network centrality and supervisors' error in performance appraisal: A multilevel theory

This article reveals an unexplored paradox for HR managers: the centrality of an employee in the social network benefits performance but hampers performance appraisal because it affects supervisors' rating errors. Central employees can be erroneously rated high on performance even when they are not high performers because supervisors tend to overappraise their performance. A distinction is made between rating precision, which depends on supervisors' uncertainty regarding employees' performance, and rating accuracy, which depends on supervisors' bias in favor of employees. Employee centrality is posited to be beneficial to precision but deleterious to accuracy because it regulates the diffusion of positive information, status, and power, all of which distort supervisors' capacity and motivation to accurately appraise performance. It is then argued that rating errors caused by network centrality affect aggregate perceptions of justice in organizations. When employees are highly connected to each other in a dense network, organizations have a strong and positive justice climate. Yet when some employees are more central than others in a centralized network, organizations have a negative and weak justice climate. The article contributes to the literature because it identifies an unexplored dark side of network centrality and offers recommendations for HR managers to cope with its deleterious consequences and for scholars to study them.
Tolerance of Several Legumes to Residual Imazapyr Applied Under Greenhouse Conditions

Control of noxious weeds such as cogongrass depend heavily on chemical treatment, but success is limited unless integrated with other practices. Utilization of cover crops in the system is ideal to avoid the use of excess herbicide and replace vegetation that will resist cogongrass reinvasion. Greenhouse studies were conducted from 2013 through 2015 at Mississippi State University with the objective to evaluate ‘AG4934’ RR/STS soybean, Korean lespedeza, crimson clover and ‘Durana’ white clover tolerance to soil-applied imazapyr at selected rates and various planting times after application. Plastic containers filled with a mixture of 2:1 sand:topsoil were treated with imazapyr at 0, 70, 140 and 280 g ae ha-1. Legume species were planted 0, 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment (MAT). The factorial experimental design included legume species, imazapyr rate and planting time. At 6 weeks after each planting, the number of seedlings, average plant height and shoot biomass were measured. Statistical analysis revealed the imazapyr rate x planting time interaction was significant with respect to number of emerged seedlings, average height and shoot biomass per plant for each species. It was observed that the legumes planted at 0 MAT of imazapyr at 70 g ae ha-1 or higher reduced emerged seedlings, average height and biomass production. In general, seeds planted 1 MAT or later in combination with these same herbicide rates, showed less growth reductions than treatments seeded 0 MAT. In conclusion, sites treated with imazapyr rates from 70 to 280 g ae ha-1 for weed control, should not be seeded with legume ground covers less than 1 month after treatment to reduce emergence failure, plant height and biomass production.Nomenclature: Imazapyr; cogongrass, Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.; crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L.; Korean lespedeza, Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.; white clover, Trifolium repens L.
Synthetic lethality in DNA repair network: A novel avenue in targeted cancer therapy and combination therapeutics

Synthetic lethality refers to a lethal phenotype that results from the simultaneous disruptions of two genes, while the disruption of either gene alone is viable. Many DNA double strand break repair (DSBR) genes have synthetic lethal relationships with oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, which can be exploited for targeted cancer therapy, an approach referred to as combination therapy. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are one of the most toxic lesions to a cell and can be repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). HR and NHEJ genes are particularly attractive targets for cancer therapy because these genes have altered expression patterns in cancer cells when compared with normal cells and these genetic abnormalities can be targeted for selectively killing cancer cells. Here, we review recent advances in the development of small molecule inhibitors against HR and NHEJ genes to induce synthetic lethality and address the future directions and clinical relevance of this approach. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(12):929-937, 2017.
Chromosome analysis of 30 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Karyotype analysis is now a routine procedure in the clinical evaluation of leukaemia because of its value in diagnosis and prognosis. This is not yet so for lymphoma because the relative paucity of data available has prevented an evaluation of its usefulness. We therefore karyotyped 30 unselected cases of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and six controls with reactive hyperplasia. All cases were karyotyped ‘blind’ to diagnosis; all were classified by immunohistopathology and 29 were analysed before treatment. This is one of the four largest cytogenetic studies to be reported of untreated, immunotyped patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Chromosome abnormalities were observed in 29/30 tumour samples. The only rearrangement observed more than once was the 14;18 translocation. The combined results of this study and others indicate that while there are no unique associations between histological sub-types and chromosome rearrangements in untreated non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients, some partial specificity does exist.
Classical Orthogonal Polynomials

Example 7.2.5 discussed only one of the many types of the so-called classical orthogonal polynomials. Historically, these polynomials were discovered as solutions to differential equations arising in various physical problems. Such polynomials can be produced by starting with 1,x,x 2,… and employing the Gram-Schmidt process. However, there is a more elegant, albeit less general, approach that simultaneously studies most polynomials of interest to physicists.
Wittgenstein and Language as the Universal Medium

We shall begin our investigation of Wittgenstein by presenting, in this first chapter, a viewpoint which helps one to understand not only Wittgenstein but also much of recent philosophy of language. This viewpoint was introduced into scholarly discussion in a special case by Jean van Heijenoort in his perceptive paper on Frege’s conception of logic.1 He characterizes it as a contrast between two conceptions of logic, which he labels ‘logic as language’ and ‘logic as calculus’. He explains the former view in effect as a doctrine of the universality (in the sense of inescapability) of logic. We cannot as it were get outside our logic and its intended interpretation. For instance, an ‘important consequence of the universality of logic is that nothing can be, or has to be, said outside of the system.’
Proximity of the neurovascular structures during all-inside lateral meniscal repair in children: a cadaveric study

Meniscal repair has become increasingly common in a pediatric and adolescent population. All-inside repair techniques are utilized more often given their ease of insertion and decreased operative time required. However, there are possible risks including damage to adjacent neurovascular structures. The purpose of this study to was examine the proximity of the neurovascular structures during lateral meniscus repairs in pediatric specimens simulating a worst-case scenario. Ten pediatric cadaveric knees (age 4–11) were utilized and simulated lateral meniscal repair through the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus and both medial and lateral to the popliteal hiatus through the body of the lateral meniscus was performed with an all-inside meniscal repair device. The distance to the popliteal artery or peroneal nerve was measured. During posterior horn repair, the average distance from the all-inside device to the popliteal artery was 1.9 mm ± 1.1 mm. There was penetration of the artery in one specimen. During repair on the medial side of popliteal hiatus, the average distance from the all-inside device to the peroneal nerve was 3.2 mm ± 2.0 mm. During repair on the lateral side of popliteal hiatus, the average distance from the all-inside device to the peroneal nerve was 12.4 mm ± 3.7 mm. This study demonstrates that the proximity of the neurovascular structures to the lateral meniscus in children is extremely close and at high risk during meniscal repair with all-inside devices. This study gives important data for the proximity of these structures during these repair techniques. Level 5 Cadaveric Study.
Race and sex differences in asleep blood pressure: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.

Nocturnal hypertension and non-dipping blood pressure are each associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We determined differences in nocturnal hypertension and non-dipping systolic/diastolic blood pressure among black and white men and women who underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study Year 30 Exam in 2015-2016. Asleep and awake periods were determined from actigraphy complemented by sleep diaries. Nocturnal hypertension was defined as mean asleep systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥ 120/70 mm Hg. Non-dipping systolic and diastolic blood pressure, separately, were defined as a decline in awake-to-asleep blood pressure < 10%. Among 767 participants, the prevalence of nocturnal hypertension was 18.4% and 44.4% in white and black women, respectively, and 36.4% and 59.9% in white and black men, respectively. After multivariable adjustment and compared with white women, the prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval) for nocturnal hypertension was 1.65 (1.18-2.32) for black women, 1.63 (1.14-2.33) for white men, and 2.01 (1.43-2.82) for black men. The prevalence of non-dipping systolic blood pressure was 21.5% and 41.0% in white and black women, respectively, and 20.2% and 37.9% in white and black men, respectively. Compared with white women, the multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval) for non-dipping systolic blood pressure was 1.66 (1.18-2.32), 0.91 (0.58-1.42) and 1.66 (1.15-2.39) among black women, white men, and black men, respectively. Non-dipping diastolic blood pressure did not differ by race-sex groups following multivariable adjustment. In conclusion, black women and men have a high prevalence of nocturnal hypertension and non-dipping systolic blood pressure.
2',3'-cGMP exists in vivo and comprises a 2',3'-cGMP-guanosine pathway

The discovery in 2009 that 2′,3′-cAMP exists in biological systems was rapidly followed by identification of 2′,3′-cGMP in cell and tissue extracts. To determine whether 2′,3′-cGMP exists in mammal...
Misinformation About Health: A Review of Health Communication and Misinformation Scholarship:

As more people choose to get health information online, health-related topics continue to be the target of misinformation. From targeted misinformation campaigns about the safety of tobacco, the ma...
Components of team science—What contributes to success?

Abstract A qualitative inquiry with front line caregivers and administrators was conducted to determine the perspectives of healthcare team members on the current state of team training. This project expands the knowledge base of team science in order to close the gap of a lack of rich information and perspectives from essential stakeholders in team training. The study team interviewed 40 multidisciplinary participants, including front line caregivers and administrators, with open ended questions regarding past and/or current experiences with team training. By analyzing the data qualitatively using an implementation science framework (the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research), themes were identified relating to team training that impact team science knowledge and may contribute to practical clinical outcomes. Themes identified included Organizational Commitment, Personal Commitment, and Improved Patient Care.
A Battery-Free Temperature Sensor With Liquid Crystal Elastomer Switching Between RFID Chips

In this research, we have developed a novel temperature sensor to be utilized in the Cold-Supply-Chain (CSC) for perishable items. This sensor conveys temperature threshold crossings by switching operation between two individual RFID ICs, i.e., two individual Electronic Product Codes (EPCs). The advantage of this sensor compared to other existing technologies is that it can operate passively (i.e., battery-free) through multiple room-to-cold and cold-to-room temperature cycles, in real-time, without requiring any form of resetting. This design utilizes innovative cold-responsive liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), which change shape when stimulated by cold temperatures and returns to a relaxed state when the stimulus is removed. In fact, this is the first temperature sensor that conveys temperature threshold crossings by switching between two RFID ICs using LCEs. The correct operation of the sensor is validated by RFID measurements. ANSYS HFSS and ANSYS Circuit Designer were used for the simulation analysis. The performance of the proposed design was validated using simulations and measurements.
Spectroscopic Identification of Peptide Chemistry in the Caulobacter crescentus Holdfast.

The bacterium Caulobacter crescentus is known to attach irreversibly to underwater surfaces by utilizing an adhesive structure called the holdfast, which exhibits the greatest known adhesive streng...
The palmitoyl acyltransferases ZDHHC5 and ZDHHC8 are uniquely present in DRG axons and control retrograde signaling via the Gp130/JAK/STAT3 pathway

Palmitoylation, the modification of proteins with the lipid palmitate, is a key regulator of protein targeting and trafficking. However, knowledge of the roles of specific palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs), which catalyze palmitoylation, is incomplete. For example, little is known about which PATs are present in neuronal axons, although long-distance trafficking of palmitoyl-proteins is important for axon integrity and for axon-to-soma retrograde signaling, a process critical for axon development and for responses to injury. Identifying axonally targeted PATs might thus provide insights into multiple aspects of axonal biology. We therefore comprehensively determined the subcellular distribution of mammalian PATs in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and, strikingly, found that only two PATs, ZDHHC5 and ZDHHC8, were enriched in DRG axons. Signals via the Gp130/JAK/STAT3 and DLK/JNK pathways are important for axonal injury responses, and we found that ZDHHC5 and ZDHHC8 were required for Gp130/JAK/STAT3, but not DLK/JNK, axon-to-soma signaling. ZDHHC5 and ZDHHC8 robustly palmitoylated Gp130 in cotransfected nonneuronal cells, supporting the possibility that Gp130 is a direct ZDHHC5/8 substrate. In DRG neurons, Zdhhc5/8 shRNA knockdown reduced Gp130 palmitoylation and even more markedly reduced Gp130 surface expression, potentially explaining the importance of these PATs for Gp130-dependent signaling. Together, these findings provide new insights into the subcellular distribution and roles of specific PATs and reveal a novel mechanism by which palmitoylation controls axonal retrograde signaling.
MARSEILLE VS THE MEDITERRANEAN Local Practices of Digital Resistance

This article discusses the creation of a participatory web documentary in Marseille in reaction to the spatial imposition and symbolic productions of two new cultural institutions in the city. Based on observations of the web documentary’s producers and participants and an analysis of the final product, it argues that the former have produced a form of resistance in their empowerment of local individuals and perspectives. These perspectives operate in opposition to those of the new institutions that depict Marseille as a “Mediterranean” city while implicitly and explicitly excluding local particularities and practices, which have paradoxically contributed to the city’s identity and international renown.
Majorization-Minimization algorithms for nonsmoothly penalized objective functions

The use of penalization, or regularization, has become common in high-dimensional statistical analysis, where an increasingly frequent goal is to simultaneously select important variables and estimate their effects. It has been shown by several authors that these goals can be achieved by minimizing some parameter-dependent "goodness-of-fit" function (e.g., a negative loglikelihood) subject to a penalization that promotes sparsity. Penalty functions that are singular at the origin have received substantial attention, arguably beginning with the Lasso penalty (62). The current literature tends to focus on specific combinations of dif- ferentiable goodness-of-fit functions and penalty functions singular at the origin. One result of this combined specificity has been a proliferation in the number of computational algorithms designed to solve fairly narrow classes of optimization problems involving objective functions that are not every- where continuously differentiable. In this paper, we propose a general class of algorithms for optimizing an extensive variety of nonsmoothly penalized objective functions that satisfy certain regularity conditions. The proposed framework utilizes the majorization-minimization (MM) algorithm as its core optimization engine. In the case of penalized regression models, the resulting algorithms employ iterated soft-thresholding, implemented com- ponentwise, allowing for fast and stable updating that avoids the need for inverting high-dimensional matrices. We establish convergence theory un- der weaker assumptions than previously considered in the statistical litera- ture. We also demonstrate the exceptional effectiveness of new acceleration methods, originally proposed for the EM algorithm, in this class of prob- lems. Simulation results and a microarray data example are provided to demonstrate the algorithm's capabilities and versatility. AMS 2000 subject classifications: Primary 65C60, 62J07; secondary 62J05, 62J12. Keywords and phrases: Convex optimization, iterative soft threshold- ing, Lasso penalty, minimax concave penalty, non-convex optimization, smoothly clipped absolute deviation penalty.
Lysine demethylase KDM6B regulates HIF-1α mediated systemic and cellular responses to intermittent hypoxia.

Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a hallmark manifestation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). Rodents treated with IH exhibit hypertension. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1-dependent transcriptional activation of NADPH oxidases (Nox) and the resulting increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels is a major molecular mechanism underlying IH/OSA-induced hypertension. Jumanji C (JmjC)-containing histone lysine demethylases (JmjC-KDMs) are coactivators of HIF-1-dependent transcriptional activation. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that JmjC-KDMs are required for IH-evoked HIF-1 transcriptional activation of Nox4 and the ensuing hypertension. Studies were performed on pheochromocytoma (PC)12 cells and rats. IH increased KDM6B protein and enzyme activity in PC12 cells in a HIF-1-independent manner as evidenced by unaltered KDM6B activation by IH in HIF-1α shRNA treated cells. Cells treated with IH showed increased HIF-1-dependent Nox4 transcription as indicated by increased HIF-1α binding to hypoxia responsive element (HRE) sequence of the Nox4 gene promoter demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChiP) assay. Pharmacological blockade of KDM6B with GSKJ4, a specific KDM6 inhibitor, or genetic silencing of KDM6B with shRNA abolished IH-induced Nox4 transcriptional activation by blocking HIF-1α binding to the promoter of the NOX4 gene. Treating IH exposed rats with GSKJ4 showed: a) absence of KDM6B activation and HIF-1-dependent Nox4 transcription in the adrenal medullae, as well as b) absence of elevated plasma catecholamines and hypertension. Collectively, these findings indicate that KDM6B functions as a coactivator of HIF-1-mediated Nox4 transactivation and demonstrate a hitherto uncharacterized role for KDM's in IH-induced hypertension by HIF-1.