cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prospective study of atrial natriuretic peptide for the prevention of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy.

Radiocontrast-induced nephropathy (RCIN) is a common cause of hospital-acquired acute renal failure and is associated with a high mortality rate. RCIN is potentially preventable, because administration of the radiocontrast agent is predictable, and a high-risk population has been identified. This multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous atrial natriuretic peptide (anaritide, ANP 4-28) to prevent RCIN. Patients with stable chronic renal failure (serum creatinine greater than 1.8 mg/dL or serum creatinine between 1.5 and 1.8 mg/dL with estimated creatinine clearance of or = 0.5 mg/dL or a percent increase of > or = 25% over baseline. Of the 247 patients who completed the study, 50% had diabetes mellitus. There were no statistical differences in baseline serum creatinine, change in serum creatinine, or the incidence of RCIN. The incidence of RCIN was placebo, 19%; anaritide (0.01), 23%; anaritide (0.05), 23%; anaritide (0.1), 25%. Patients with diabetes mellitus had a significantly greater incidence of RCIN: placebo, 26% versus 9%; anaritide (0.01), 33% versus 13%; anaritide (0.05), 26% versus 21%; anaritide (0.1), 39% versus 8% (diabetic v nondiabetic, P or = 1.8 mg/dL, with the lowest-risk group, defined as patients without diabetes mellitus and a baseline serum creatinine of 1.8 mg/dL or less, did not show a beneficial effect of anaritide administration. In conclusion, administration of intravenous anaritide before and during a radiocontrast study did not reduce the incidence of RCIN in patients with preexisting chronic renal failure, with or without diabetes mellitus.
Parental influences on youth television viewing.

Objective To assess associations among youth television (TV) viewing and parental TV viewing, parental knowledge of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations to limit children's TV viewing time to ≤2 hours per day (knowledge), and parental limits on the frequency of children's TV viewing (rules). Study design Adult participants in the 2002 Styles surveys answered questions about their weekly TV viewing, knowledge, and rules. TV viewing time of children of the adult participants (520 boys and 525 girls) age 10 to 18 years was also collected. Associations between hours of child TV viewing and parental TV viewing, parental knowledge, and parental rules were quantified using linear regression techniques. Results Variables included in multivariate regression models accounted for 8% to 18% of the variance in TV viewing among boys and girls. Parent TV viewing was significantly associated with TV viewing in 10- to 12-year-old and 16- to 18-year-old boys and girls. Knowledge was not associated with TV viewing in boys and girls in this sample. Rules were associated with TV viewing in boys and girls of all ages. Conclusions Our findings suggest that parental TV viewing and rules limiting their child's TV time may play an important role in children's weekly TV viewing time.
A critique of predictive and correlative models for turbulent flow and convection

Direct simulations of turbulent flow and convection constitute a new and invaluable resource but are as yet limited to only a few geometries and conditions. The accuracy and generality of correlating equations for the turbulent shear stress itself preclude the need for approximate modeling for simple flows such as in round tubes and along flat plates. For asymmetric, one-dimensional flows, such as in a circular annulus, the turbulent shear stress remains well-behaved but the eddy viscosity and the mixing length become unbounded at one point and negative over an adjacent region. The κ−e model is then invalidated as well; the κ−e− model remains valid but is truly predictive only for the turbulent core. All of these elementary models are inadequate for two-dimensional channels owing to the secondary motion. The same considerations apply to convection in turbulent flow.
EFFECTS OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION ON ANTIGENICITY OF HORSE SERUM ALBUMIN: FORMATION OF NEW DETERMINANTS

Summary Structural alterations in horse serum albumin caused by ultraviolet radiation resulted in disappearance of the original determinants and in formation of new determinants. There was, however, enough similarity between the original and the new determinants for antibodies produced by the new determinants to show a weak affinity to the non-irradiated albumin. Only weak antisera were produced by injecting rabbits with extensively irradiated albumin.
The effects of decision aid structural restrictiveness on cognitive load, perceived usefulness, and reuse intentions

Abstract As accounting environments become increasingly automated through information technology support systems, the underlying systems are increasingly restrictive in an effort to direct user behavior and decision making. However, consistent with the theory of technology dominance, restrictive systems have been found to dominate users' decision processes and to have a detrimental effect when decisions require knowledge from outside the system's capability. This study expands upon this research through an examination of users' preferences for more (less) restrictive systems based on their own level of domain knowledge. Incorporating theory on task technology fit, we theorize that users with less knowledge will prefer to be dominated by the system, while users with greater levels of knowledge will prefer a system that provides the user with a level of control over the decision process rather than submitting entirely to the decision aid's control. These theorizations are empirically tested through an experimental design that varies the level of systems restrictiveness across groups of novice and experienced participants. The results confirm that novice (experienced) participants find a highly restrictive system substantially (minimally) reduces cognitive load, increases (decreases) usefulness of the decision aid, and strengthens (weakens) the intention to reuse the system in the future. The results add an important piece to understanding the effect of restrictive systems in that the users that are most susceptible to dominance by decision aids are the users most willing to adopt a restrictive system that reduces the effort they must put forth and in turn reduces the knowledge they accrue from using the system.
Temporal variability of lake waters in the North Cascades mountains (Washington, U.S.A.)

Five lakes in the North Cascades were sampled at regular time and depth intervals during the open water period in 1984. Surface water ANC was depressed during snowmelt and then increased as summer and fall progressed. Shallow lakes circulated completely in the fall, whereas deep lakes (> 75 m) did not. Sulfate and NO3 concentrations in the lakes increased during the snowmelt period and then decreased until ice-over. No significant differences were found between surface ANC measurements during fall circulation in successive years.
Can standard magnetic resonance imaging reliably distinguish recurrent tumor from radiation necrosis after radiosurgery for brain metastases? A radiographic-pathological study.

Objective Stereotactic radiosurgery is a commonly used treatment method in the management of metastatic brain tumors. When lesions enlarge after radiosurgery, it may represent tumor regrowth, radiation necrosis, or both. The purpose of this study was to determine whether standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences could reliably distinguish between these pathological possibilities. Methods A total of 619 patients, reported in a previous study, were treated with radiosurgery for metastatic brain tumors. Of those patients, 59 underwent subsequent craniotomy for symptomatic lesion enlargement. Of those 59 patients, 32 had complete preoperative MRI studies as well as surgical pathology reports. The following MRI features were analyzed in this subset of patients: arteriovenous shunting, gyriform lesion or edema distribution, perilesional edema, cyst formation, and pattern of enhancement. A novel radiographic feature, called the lesion quotient, which is the ratio of the nodule as seen on T2 imaging to the total enhancing area on T1 imaging, was also analyzed. Results Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were computed for each radiographic characteristic. Lesions containing only radiation necrosis never displayed gyriform lesion/edema distribution, marginal enhancement, or solid enhancement. All lesions exhibited perilesional edema. A lesion quotient of 0.6 or greater was seen in all cases of recurrent tumor, a lesion quotient greater than 0.3 was seen in 19 of 20 cases of combination pathology, and a lesion quotient of 0.3 or less was seen in 4 of 5 cases of radiation necrosis. The lesion quotient correlated with the percentage of tumor identified on pathological specimens. Conclusion The lesion quotient appears to reliably identify pure radiation necrosis on standard sequence MRI. Other examined radiographic features, including arteriovenous shunting, gyriform lesion/edema distribution, enhancement pattern, and cyst formation, achieved 80% or greater predictive value but had either low sensitivity or low specificity.
The distributional effects of pollution regulations: Do renters fully pay for cleaner air?

Abstract Changes in housing prices play an important role in determining the incidence of environmental regulations: if the increase in value due to changes in environmental amenities is fully passed forward in the form of higher rental prices, renters may receive no net benefit from the regulations. To estimate the pass-through of the value of an environmental amenity, I exploit the reduction in suspended particulate matter ( PM 10 ) due to the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA). Using instrumental variables at varying levels of spatial aggregation I find that the 1990 CAAA led to a significant increase in rents, but the estimated percentage effect is about half as large as that of owner-occupied housing values. Little of this difference is driven by income differences between renters and homeowners; when stratifying by income and comparing the effect of the 1990 CAAA on housing values and rents, point estimates suggest that half of the increase in value is passed on to renters in the form of higher rents. This suggests that pass-through may be incomplete, but landowners still capture much of the value of the air quality regulations.
Differences in Masticatory Function in Patients with Endodontically Treated Teeth and Single-implant–supported Prostheses: A Pilot Study

Endodontic treatment and dental implants are both viable treatment options to restore a compromised dentition. How these treatments impact patients' ability to chew has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to compare various parameters of masticatory function in patients with endodontically treated teeth and single-implant supported prostheses. Fifty patients were included in this study. Twenty-five patients had mandibular molar root canals, and 25 had single implant-supported prostheses in the mandibular molar region. The natural tooth contralateral to the treated side served as the internal control. Maximum bite force, chewing efficiency, and areas of occlusal contact and near contact (ACNC) were recorded for each subject, along with a questionnaire to evaluate subjective chewing ability. When compared with contralateral controls, dental implants were found to have significantly lower maximum bite forces, reduced chewing efficiency, and smaller ACNC. Endodontically treated teeth were not statistically different than their contralateral controls. These results indicate that endodontically treated natural teeth may provide more effective occlusal contact during masticatory function compared with implant-supported restorations, leading to more efficient mastication.
Disc flotation test for measurement of catalase activity in milk.

Abstract The catalase activity of milk was determined by a disc flotation method designed for measuring the activity of catalase preparations. The method consists of absorbing milk on a 0.5-in. disc of highly absorbent paper and dropping the disc in a 16 by 125 mm test tube containing 5 ml of 3% hydrogen peroxide. The time required for the disc to float to the surface is recorded. Statistical analysis of leucocyte counts made on milk by the direct microscopic method, and catalase activities by the disc flotation method gave a correlation coefficient of −0.75. Forty-six individual quarter samples of milk were examined to determine the relationships among leucocyte counts, disc flotation time, and California mastitis test reactions. The leucocyte counts and disc flotation times were in better agreement than leucocyte counts and California mastitis test reactions. The disc flotation test is simple, rapid, accurate, and requires very little equipment. It can be used to detect catalase activity in bulk milk, milk from individual cows, or from quarters of the udder.
Detection of Depression in the Stroke Patient

The literature suggests the hypothesis that nonpsychiatrists will underrecognize depression in evaluations of stroke patients. On a medical rehabilitation ward, 15 stroke patients were evaluated for depression by psychiatric interview and self-report. Charts were examined for detection of depression by the rehabilitation team. The hypothesis was supported: in contrast to psychiatric interview (68% depressed) and self-report (Beck Depression Inventory, 50% depressed), none of the patients were described as depressed in chart notes by the rehabilitation team (excluding the psychiatrists). Psychiatrists should develop ongoing interactions with primary care physicians to improve detection of poststroke depression and other depressions on medical wards.
Impedance-based fault detection methodology for rotating machines

Visual examination, ultrasonic tests, and dye penetrant inspection are some examples of nondestructive techniques widely used for crack detection in rotors. These methods have proved to be costly, ...
Characterization of the Acid Stability of Glycosidically Linked Neuraminic Acid: USE IN DETECTING DE-N-ACETYL-GANGLIOSIDES IN HUMAN MELANOMA

The glycosidic linkage of sialic acids is much more sensitive to acid hydrolysis than those of other monosaccharides in vertebrates. The commonest sialic acids in nature are neuraminic acid (Neu)-based and are typically N-acylated at the C5 position. Unsubstituted Neu is thought to occur on native gangliosides of certain tumors and cell lines, and synthetic de-N-acetyl-gangliosides have potent biological properties in vitro. However, claims for their natural existence are based upon monoclonal antibodies and pulse-chase experiments, and there have been no reports of their chemical detection. Here we report that one of these antibodies shows nonspecific cross-reactivity with a polypeptide epitope, further emphasizing the need for definitive chemical proof of unsubstituted Neu on naturally occurring gangliosides. While pursuing this, we found that alpha2-3-linked Neu on chemically de-N-acetylated G(M3) ganglioside resists acid hydrolysis under conditions where the N-acetylated form is completely labile. To ascertain the generality of this finding, we investigated the stability of glycosidically linked alpha- and beta-methyl glycosides of Neu. Using NMR spectroscopy to monitor glycosidic linkage hydrolysis, we find that only 47% of Neualpha2Me is hydrolyzed after 3 h in 10 mm HCl at 80 degrees C, whereas Neu5Acalpha2Me is 95% hydrolyzed after 20 min under the same conditions. Notably, Neubeta2Me is hydrolyzed even slower than Neualpha2Me, indicating that acid resistance is a general property of glycosidically linked Neu. Taking advantage of this, we modified classical purification techniques for de-N-acetyl-ganglioside isolation using acid to first eliminate conventional gangliosides. We also introduce a phospholipase-based approach to remove contaminating phospholipids that previously hindered efforts to study de-N-acetyl-gangliosides. The partially purified sample can then be N-propionylated, allowing acid release and mass spectrometric detection of any originally existing Neu as Neu5Pr. These advances allowed us to detect covalently bound Neu in lipid extracts of a human melanoma tumor, providing the first chemical proof for naturally occurring de-N-acetyl-gangliosides.
Veiled Politics Bankruptcy as a Structured Organizational Field

This article explores the connection between bankruptcy and organizational failure, arguing that the two have grown increasingly distinct in the world of large corporate bankruptcy. In some bankrup...
Electrospray quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis of model oligonucleotides and polymerase chain reaction products: determination of base substitutions, nucleotide additions/deletions, and chemical modifications.

ESI FTICR mass spectrometry is the only technique currently used for accurate molecular weight analysis of PCR products above 100 bp in size. This is important in demonstrating the potential for MS in making major contributions in the molecular biology and genomics areas. In the near future, it is more likely that less expensive, more user friendly MS techniques will be used for high-throughput analyses (including MALDI TOF and ESI quadrupole). There have been numerous reports on the use of MALDI TOF. The current report is to the first to evaluate the use of ESI-quadrupole analysis of PCR products. Synthetic oligonucleotides (30 and 89 mers) and polymerase chain reaction products of varying molecular weight (62, 88, 89, and 114 bp) were analyzed by ESI using a quadrupole MS. The mass accuracy for nucleic acids in the 30−62 bp range was shown to allow determination of nucleotide substitutions and additions/deletions. For higher molecular weight PCR products (88−114 bp), the mass accuracy of ESI-MS distingu...
Direct discretization of planar div-curl problems

A control volume method is proposed for planar div-curl systems. The method is independent of potential and least squares formulations, and works directly with the div-curl system. The novelty of the technique lies in its use of a single local vector field component and two control volumes rather than the other way around. A discrete vector field theory comes quite naturally from this idea and is developed. Error estimates are proved for the method, and other ramifications investigated.
Bid expressiveness and clearing algorithms in multiattribute double auctions

We investigate the space of two-sided multiattribute auctions, focusing on the relationship between constraints on the offers traders can express through bids, and the resulting computational problem of determining an optimal set of trades. We develop a formal semantic framework for characterizing expressible offers, and show conditions under which the allocation problem can be separated into first identifying optimal pairwise trades and subsequently optimizing combinations of those trades. We analyze the bilateral matching problem while taking into consideration relevant results from multiattribute utility theory. Network flow models we develop for computing global allocations facilitate classification of the problem space by computational complexity, and provide guidance for developing solution algorithms. Experimental trials help distinguish tractable problem classes for proposed solution techniques.
Hayekian expectations: Theory and empirical applications

We show that the orderliness of market processes and outcomes, and hence the realization and coordination of individuals' plans, are dependent on the social environment in which individuals function. In specific, when atomicity and stable (social) rules are compromised in the case of Big Players, markets are less orderly despite the fact that individuals are behaving rationally.—The paper provides an account of individual rationality by generating a theory of expectations based on Hayek's cognitive theory. Hayekian expectations are coherent, competitive, and endogenous. This suggests that expectational analysis must take account of the context of constraint—the “environment” or what we call “filtering conditions”—within which individuals function and to which they must adapt. The paper provides a theoretical analysis of expectations at the individual level and shows that the particular behaviors stemming from those expectations require a specification of the rules governing social and market activities.
Improving students' long-term retention performance: a study on personalized retention schedules

Traditional practices of spacing and expanding retrieval practices have typically fixed their spacing intervals to one or few predefined schedules [5, 7]. Few have explored the advantages of using personalized expanding intervals and scheduling systems to adapt to the knowledge levels and learning patterns of individual students. In this work, we are concerned with estimating the effects of personalized expanding intervals on improving students' long-term mastery level of skills. We developed a Personalized Adaptive Scheduling System (PASS) in ASSISTments' retention and relearning workflow. After implementing the PASS, we conducted a study to investigate the impact of personalized scheduling on long-term retention by comparing results from 97 classes in the summer of 2013 and 2014. We observed that students in PASS outperformed students in traditional scheduling systems on long-term retention performance (p = 0.0002), and that in particular, students with medium level of knowledge demonstrated reliable improvement (p = 0.0209) with an effect size of 0.27. In addition, the data we gathered from this study also helped to expose a few issues we have with the new system. These results suggest personalized knowledge retrieval schedules are more effective than fixed schedules and we should continue our future work on examining approaches to optimize PASS.
Simulating mixed agile and plan-based requirements prioritization strategies: proof-of-concept and practical implications

In this paper, we address the efficacy and pragmatics of mixing two primary strategies for requirements prioritization in order to incorporate the benefits of both plan-based (PB) and agile develop...
Children’s communication and socialization skills by types of early education experiences

This study is an investigation of children's communication skills and socialization by the types of their early education experiences (e.g., child care centers, private schools, public schools, home, or other). A total of 244 children (average age: 61 months) and their parents participated in this study. According to the results of this study, there were significant mean score differences found on children's expressive, written language, and interpersonal relationship skills, based on the types of children's early education experience.
Impact of a Pharmacist-Directed Anticoagulation Service on the Quality and Safety of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Management

BACKGROUND:The use of anticoagulant medications is complex and prone to error in the inpatient setting. Patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) must receive treatment with alternative anticoagulant agents to ensure optimal patient outcomes.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of an inpatient pharmacist-directed anticoagulation service (PDAS) on the safety and efficiency of direct thrombin inhibitor use in patients with HIT.METHODS:This was a quasi-experimental pre/postintervention study comparing patients with HIT managed with usual care to patients managed with a focused inpatient anticoagulation service. The primary endpoints of the study were the percent of time that the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) remained within the therapeutic range and time to achievement of a therapeutic aPTT. Bleeding and appropriateness of warfarin initiation were evaluated as secondary endpoints.RESULTS:A total of 193 patients were included in the study. Percent of time that aPTT was in the therapeutic...
Iron Stores of Breastfed Infants during the First Year of Life

The birth iron endowment provides iron for growth in the first months of life. We describe the iron endowment under conditions of low dietary iron supply. Subjects were infants participating in a trial of Vitamin D supplementation from 1 to 9 months. Infants were exclusively breastfed at enrollment but could receive complementary foods from 4 months but not formula. Plasma ferritin (PF) and transferrin receptor (TfR) were determined at 1, 2, 4, 5.5, 7.5, 9 and 12 months. At 1 month PF ranged from 38 to 752 µg/L and was only weakly related to maternal PF. PF declined subsequently and flattened out at 5.5 months. PF of females was significantly higher than PF of males except at 12 months. TfR increased with age and was inversely correlated with PF. PF and TfR tracked strongly until 9 months. Iron deficiency (PF < 10 µg/L) began to appear at 4 months and increased in frequency until 9 months. Infants with ID were born with low iron endowment. We concluded that the birth iron endowment is highly variable in size and a small endowment places infants at risk of iron deficiency before 6 months. Boys have smaller iron endowments and are at greater risk of iron deficiency than girls.
Vitamin A Metabolism in Rod and Cone Visual Cycles

The chromophore of all known visual pigments consists of 11-cis-retinal (derived from either vitamin A1 or A2) or a hydroxylated derivative, bound to a protein (opsin) via a Schiff base. Absorption of a photon results in photoisomerization of the chromophore to all-trans-retinal and conversion of the visual pigment to the signaling form. Regeneration of the 11-cis-retinal occurs in an adjacent tissue and involves several enzymes, several water-soluble retinoid-binding proteins, and intra- and intercellular diffusional processes. Rod photoreceptor cells depend completely on the output of 11-cis-retinal from adjacent retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Cone photoreceptors cells can use 11-cis-retinal from the RPE and from a second more poorly characterized cycle, which appears to involve adjacent Muller (glial) cells. Recent progress in the characterization of rod and cone visual cycle components and reactions will result in the development of approaches to the amelioration of blinding eye diseases asso...
Pattern formation in thin-film failure

Abstract While thin films bonded to solid substrates are integral to most modern technologies, their failure mechanisms are not well understood. It has long been observed, however, that the mechanical failure of thin films under large stresses produces a rich phenomenology of pattern formation. In this paper, we describe the results of computer simulations of stress relief in thin films under either tensile or compressive stress applied by their substrates. For films which contain quenched disorder, tensile stress relief results in the fragmentation of the film layer into a patchwork of undamaged film surrounded by cracks. When the applied stress is moderate, the dynamics of the cracks are sufficiently simple that a mean-field theory can be constructed to describe the crack-length statistics in the final fragmented state. For films under large compressive stresses, the simulations reproduce a very peculiar delamination pattern which has been experimentally observed for several decades; the buckled regions...
Repression of the Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Gene Promoter by Cross Talk among EAR3/COUP-TFI, Sp1/Sp3, and TFIIB

Transcription of luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) gene is activated by Sp1/Sp3 at two Sp1 sites and is repressed by nuclear orphan receptors EAR2 and EAR3 through a direct-repeat (DR) motif. To elucidate the mechanism of the orphan receptor-mediated gene repression, we explored the functional connection between the orphan receptors and Sp1/Sp3 complex, and its impact on the basal transcription machinery. The Sp1(I) site was identified as critical for the repression since its mutation reduced the inhibition by EAR2 and abolished the inhibition by EAR3. Cotransfection analyses in SL2 cells showed that both Sp1 and Sp3 were required for this process since EAR3 displayed a complete Sp1/Sp3-dependent inhibitory effect. Functional cooperation between Sp1 and DR domains was further supported by mutual recruitment of EAR3 and Sp1/Sp3 bound to their cognate sites. Deletion of EAR3 N-terminal and DNA-binding domains that reduced its interaction with Sp1 impaired its inhibitory effect on human LHR (hLHR) gene transcription. Furthermore, we demonstrate interaction of TFIIB with Sp1/Sp3 at the Sp1(I) site besides its association with EAR3 and the TATA-less core promoter region. Such interaction relied on Sp1 site-bound Sp1/Sp3 complex and adaptor protein(s) present in the JAR nuclear extracts. We further demonstrated that EAR3 specifically decreased association of TFIIB to the Sp1(I) site without interfering on its interaction with the hLHR core promoter. The C-terminal region of EAR3, which did not participate in its interaction with Sp1, was required for its inhibitory function and may affect the association of TFIIB with Sp1. Moreover, perturbation of the association of TFIIB with Sp1 by EAR3 was reflected in the reduced recruitment of RNA polymerase II to the promoter. Overexpression of TFIIB counteracted the inhibitory effect of EAR3 and activated hLHR gene transcription in an Sp1 site-dependent manner. These findings therefore indicate that TFIIB is a key component in the regulatory control of EAR3 and Sp1/Sp3 on the initiation complex. Such cross talk among EAR3, TFIIB, and Sp1/Sp3 reveals repression of hLHR gene transcription by nuclear orphan receptors is achieved via perturbation of communication between Sp1/Sp3 at the Sp1-1 site and the basal transcription initiator complex.
Self-Healing Spatio-temporal Data Streams Using Error Signatures

Self-healing spatio-temporal data streaming systems enable error detection and data correction based on error signatures. Error signatures are mathematical function patterns with constraints and are used to identify and categorize errors in redundant spatio-temporal data streams. In this paper, we apply these methods to real data from a private Cessna flight and from the Air France AF447 accident in June 2009. For the private Cessna flight, three error scenarios are simulated: pitot tube failure, GPS failure, and simultaneous pitot tube and GPS failures. The error detection accuracy is approximately 93% and the response time to correct data is at most 5 seconds. For the AF447 flight, 162 seconds of available flight data including the pitot tubes failure is collected from the accident report. The pitot tube failure of the AF447 flight is successfully detected and corrected after 5 seconds from the beginning of the failure. Overall error mode detection accuracy reaches 96.31%.Furthermore, our simulations show that the system never corrects data incorrectly, i.e., all inaccurate mode detections produce either unknown or unrecoverable errors.
Multi-user driven path prediction algorithm for mobile computing

Nowadays, path prediction is being extensively examined for use in the context of mobile and wireless computing towards more efficient network resource management schemes. Path prediction allows the network and services to further enhance the quality of service levels that the user enjoys. In this paper we present a path prediction algorithm that exploits the machine learning automata. The decision of the learning automaton is driver by the movement patterns of a single user but is also affected by the aggregated patterns demonstrated by all users. Simulations of the algorithm, performed using a Realistic Mobility Pattern Generator, show increased prediction accuracy.
"Reversible macromolecules" as scaffolds for adaptive structures

Self-healing macromolecular structures, submicron capsules and fibers with molecular recognition, stimuliresponsive molecules, solvent-free rheological reversibility, multivalency in rational drug design, and the emergence of new fields of adaptive and evolutive chemistry will require a predictive synergy of tailored non-covalent and covalent bonding in molecular design. Supramolecular chemistry has emerged as a stimulating focal point that will enable these scientific and technological discoveries, and biorecognition and biomolecular organization often serve as the inspiration for the future design of supramolecular assemblies. Linear and branched macromolecules are conventionally prepared using unique combinations of step-growth and chain polymerization strategies wherein the repeating units are irreversibly connected using stable covalent bonds. Moreover, optimum physical properties and commercial success of macromolecules are derived from our ability to prepare exceptionally high molecular weights in a controlled fashion. Although high molecular weight linear macromolecules are desirable for the optimization of physical performance and commercial impact, high molecular weights often compromise future solvent-free manufacturing, melt processability, thermal stability, and recyclability of the final products. Our recent efforts have demonstrated the utility of living anionic polymerization techniques to place functionality at desired positions on the polymer backbone. This control allowed investigation of the relationship between topology and tailored functionality, a fundamental investigation that may lead to interesting adaptive and smart applications. Specifically, the synthesis of polyisoprene homopolymers in a variety of topologies was performed, as well as the introduction of complementary hydrogen bonding to diverse families of hydroxyl containing polymeric and monomeric precursors.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Kink-free characteristics of AlSb/InAs high electron mobility transistors with planar Si doping beneath the channel

AlSb/InAs n-channel inverted-structure high electron mobility transistors (i-HEMT's) are realized by incorporating a Si doping sheet into a thin InAs layer that is embedded within the lower AlSb barrier. i-HEMT's with a 1 /spl mu/m /spl times/25 /spl mu/m gate size exhibit kink-free operation at room temperature with high drain current, high extrinsic transconductance, and low gate leakage. Results indicate potential for use in high-speed applications.
The Case of Cooperstown, New York: The Makings of a Perfect Village in an Urbanising World:

In this paper we examine the question of how rural communities adapt to global processes of urbanisation and economic restructuring. We do this through a visual and historical case study analysis of Cooperstown, New York. This location is selected because it is a self-proclaimed 'perfect village' and by many counts a successful tourist destination. The impact on this community is examined using theoretical concepts that include urbanormativity, rural representations, rural simulacra, and the community capitals framework. We conclude that rural communities may risk sacrificing local qualities in order to appeal to externally imposed urban expectations for a rural experience.
Vaccination with Pertussis Toxin Alters the Antibody Response to Simultaneous Respiratory Syncytial Virus Challenge

Many bacterial toxins, including pertussis toxin (PT), exert potent adjuvant effects on antibody synthesis to coadministered antigens. In these studies, we examined whether locally or peripherally administered PT similarly altered the antibody isotype selection to replicating virus after intranasal (inl) challenge. Mice primed intramuscularly with PT and inl with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) produced RSV-specific antibodies of the IgG2a isotype at a level similar to that of unprimed controls, with some increase in IgG1 production. Mice primed inl with both PT and RSV showed elevated RSV-specific IgG1, increased serum IgE levels, and increased interleukin (IL)-4 in lung supernatants. Splenocytes from these animals produced increased IL-4 when stimulated in vitro with RSV or PT antigens after infection. These results suggest that PT can influence the local production of IL-4 to alter the humoral and cellular immune responses to viral infection as well as to coadministered antigens.
Pathways of trunk neural crest cell migration in the mouse embryo as revealed by vital dye labelling

Analysis of neural crest cell migration in the mouse has been difficult due to the lack of reliable cell markers. Recently, we found that injection of DiI into the chick neural tube marks premigratory neural crest cells whose endfeet are in contact with the lumen of the neural tube (Serbedzija et al. Development 106, 809–819 (1989)). In the present study, this technique was applied to study neural crest cell migratory pathways in the trunk of the mouse embryo. Embryos were removed from the mother between the 8th and the 10th days of development and DiI was injected into the lumen of the neural tube. The embryos were then cultured for 12 to 24 h, and analyzed at the level of the forelimb. We observed two predominant pathways of neural crest cell migration: (1) a ventral pathway through the rostral portion of the somite and (2) a dorsolateral pathway between the dermamyotome and the epidermis. Neural crest cells were observed along the dorsolateral pathway throughout the period of migration. The distribution of labelled cells along the ventral pathway suggested that there were two overlapping phases of migration. An early ventrolateral phase began before E9 and ended by E9.5; this pathway consisted of a stream of cells within the rostral sclerotome, adjacent to the dermamyotome, that extended ventrally to the region of the sympathetic ganglia and the dorsal aorta.
Presenting information on the small-screen interface: effects of table formatting

This study explored strengths and limitations of table formatting choices by engaging twenty-eight participants in information searches in online tables, presented on a small-screen interface (Palm IIIc). Table length across conditions was held constant at three screens long (24 rows total) but varied from one to three screens wide (approximately 35, 70, and 105 characters per line). Target information was positioned in either the upper left, lower left, upper right, or lower right quadrants. Data collected were time on task, error rate, and level of participants' confidence in their answers. Experimenters found that increased horizontal scrolling imposed the heaviest burden on information search. This study supports restricting table widths to one screen on handheld computers. If necessary, however, tables can go to two screens wide without critical detriment to usability. While ruled line formatting is slightly better than interface character in providing visual support for the burden of horizontal scrolling, neither formatting option adequately compensates for the added burden.
Photo-oxidative tuning of individual and coupled GaAs Photonic Crystal Cavities

We demonstrate a photo-induced oxidation technique for tuning GaAs photonic crystal cavities using a 390nm laser, and show that it is applicable to cavity arrays by tuning an individual cavity in a proximity-coupled cavity pair
Why Some Things Should Not be for Sale: The Moral Limits of Markets Debra Satz

Why Some Things Should Not be for Sale: The Moral Limits of Markets Debra Satz (Oxford University Press, 2010) Since the end of the Cold War, markets have reigned triumphant in both ideology and pr...
Examining the Role of Resource-Based Industries in Ecosystem Approaches to Management: An Evaluation of Comprehensive Plans in Florida

While ecosystem approaches to management often necessitate the participation of key stakeholders during the plan-making process, few empirical studies have focused on the role of industry. Large resource-based industries not only have the greatest impact on critical natural resources, but also own much of the land base and critical habitat in the United States. This article examines the impact of resource-based industries in Florida on ecosystem management strategies and environmental planning in general. Specifically, it tests the relationship between industry participation in the planning process and the quality of local plans associated with managing ecological systems over the long term. Results indicate that the presence of industry during the planning process significantly raises the quality of adopted plans associated with managing ecological systems.
Extracardiac Venous Heterotaxy Syndrome Complete Noninvasive Diagnosis by Multimodality Imaging

A 20-year-old man was referred for the assessment of palpitations and associated dyspnea during exertion. He had no other associated cardiovascular symptoms. Physical examination revealed a healthy male with stable vital signs and a normal cardio respiratory examination. ECG, (Figure 1A), chest x-ray (Figure 1B), and blood counts as well as electrolyte panel were normal. Figure 1. A, Twelve-lead ECG with normal sinus rhythm, cardiac axis, and normal intervals. B, Chest x-ray postero-anterior and lateral views showing normal cardiac silhouette, but gastric air noted on the right subcostal in this case compared with the usual location. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a dilated coronary sinus (Figure 2); in addition, a persistent left superior vena cava was noted (Figure 3). A small coronary-pulmonary arterial fistula was noted (Figure 4). Two-dimensional subcostal echocardiography view demonstrated absence of the hepatic portion of the inferior vena cava with the hepatic veins draining directly into the right atrium (interrupted inferior vena cava). The right suprasternal view revealed venous flow into the right superior …
Efficient Unicast Messaging for Mobile Robots

Mobile multi-robot teams are useful in many critical applications such as search and rescue. Explicit communication among robots in such mobile multi-robot teams is useful for the coordination of such teams as well as exchanging data. Since many applications for mobile robots involve scenarios in which communication infrastructure may be damaged or unavailable, mobile robot teams frequently need to communicate with each other by using ad hoc networking. In such scenarios, energy efficient routing protocols to deliver messages among robots are a key requirement. In this paper, we propose and evaluate two routing protocols tailored for use in ad hoc networks formed by mobile multi-robot teams: Mobile Robot Distance Vector (MRDV) and Mobile Robot Source Routing (MRSR). Both protocols exploit the unique mobility characteristics of mobile robot networks to perform efficient routing. Our simulation study show that both MRDV and MRSR incur lower overhead while operating in mobile robot networks when compared to traditional mobile ad hoc network routing protocols such as DSR and AODV.
Using Cyber-Infrastructure for Dynamic Data Driven Laser Treatment of Cancer

Hyperthermia based cancer treatments are used to increase the susceptibility of cancerous tissue to subsequent radiation or chemotherapy treatments, and in the case in which a tumor exists as a well-defined region, higher intensity heat sources may be used to ablate the tissue. Utilizing the guidance of real-time treatment data while applying a laser heat source has the potential to provide unprecedented control over the outcome of the treatment process [6,12]. The goals of this work are to provide a working snapshot of the current system architecture developed to provide a real-time finite element solution of the problems of calibration, optimal heat source control, and goal-oriented error estimation applied the equations of bioheat transfer and demonstrate that current finite element technology, parallel computer architecture, peer-to-peer data transfer infrastructure, and thermal imaging modalities are capable of inducing a precise computer controlled temperature field within the biological domain.
Student perception of laboratory experiences in quantity food production management.

The purpose of this study was to assess students' perceptions of specific experiences in the quantity food production management laboratory course and to determine if these perceptions were significantly different between students whose experiences were under a two three-hour model and a one five-hour model per week.The study involved 172 students who were enrolled in school during spring semester 1988. A survey instrument was used to assess students' perceptions of experiences in areas of manager assignment, production assignment, use and care of equipment and service. Mean scores for importance to career goals of all major content areas combined was 3.9 on a scale of 1 = not important to 5 = essential. Mean scores for competence of all major content areas combined was 4.2 on a scale of 1 = poor to 5 = outstanding. Significant differences were revealed between the models for importance to career goals of manager assignment and service, and in competence in care of equipment.
Economic Recessions and Infant Mortality in the U.S., 1999-2008

Objectives : Prior studies of US data from the 1990s have shown that economic growth is associated with higher all cause mortality. This paper updates prior findings to more recent data on US infant mortality for blacks and whites. Methods : We analyzed data from 50 US states from 1999 to 2008 using state fixed-effects regression models stratified to identify the racially disparate impact of each stateâ€™s economic performance on infant mortality, controlling for state policy-related variables, reflecting population,% black, % on TANF, % on Medicaid, and alcohol consumption. Results : Economic recessions are significantly associated with lower post-neonatal mortality for white infants, but not black infants. Each 1% decrement a stateâ€™s gross state product, would be associated with an approximately 2.3 fewer infant deaths (95% CI: -0.294-4.894) in an average state with 64,000 total births. Results were robust to the inclusion of state trends, national trends, state fixed effects, lagged gross state product, and the inclusion of measures of unemployment and state policy variables. Conclusions : This study in combination with studies from the 1990s reflects growing evidence that economic growth in the US can be harmful to child health. Policy makers need to be informed and mindful about the â€œside effectsâ€ of economic growth on health.
Comparison of Brachial Vein Versus Internal Jugular Vein Approach for Access to the Right Side of the Heart With or Without Myocardial Biopsy

Right heart catheterization (RHC) and endomyocardial biopsy are mainstay procedures for patients with heart failure and heart transplantation. Approaches are predominantly neck (internal jugular) or leg (femoral vein). We describe a novel arm (brachial/basilica vein) approach. Over 5.5 years, 1,130 right-sided cardiac procedures in 276 patients were analyzed retrospectively and divided into either neck or arm approach. Comparative analyses of procedural success, time, safety, efficacy, and cost were performed. Patient preference was assessed for those who had both neck and arm approaches. In patients receiving RHC (174 neck and 121 arm cases) and in those receiving RHC + biopsy (594 neck and 141 arm cases), mean elapsed and fluoroscopic times (minutes), respectively, were 60 ± 20 versus 62 ± 19 and 3.43 ± 3.8 versus 4.99 ± 5.2 (RHC neck vs arm, respectively), and 55 ± 19 versus 63 ± 17 and 4.14 ± 3.4 versus 5.22 ± 2.6 (RHC + biopsy neck vs arm, respectively). Procedural complications were low (n = 7, 0.6%) and restricted to the neck approach. Patients surveyed preferred the arm approach. In conclusion, RHC and endomyocardial biopsy through the brachial vein can be performed safely, timely, effectively, and at equivalent cost compared with a neck approach. We advocate that an arm approach be the preferred method for these procedures.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: is only one shop worth the stop?

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains one of the foremost causes of morbidity and mortality in both men and women and in developed and developing nations alike. In the evaluation of an MI, it is important to address the extent of the myocardial involvement, its impact on ventricular performance, the