cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bangkok : A Profile of an Efficiently Performing Housing Market:

This paper reports on a study of the Bangkok land and housing market. The study is based on extensive surveys of projects, developers, households, and the interpretation of aerial photographic info...
Public insurance expansions and the health of immigrant and native children

Abstract The costs of public insurance expansions are ordinarily justified by the claim that increased eligibility causes gains in insurance coverage, which translate into improved health care and health. This paper studies dramatic changes in public health insurance eligibility for immigrant and native children from 1998 to 2009 and finds that children's nativity status is crucial to understanding the impacts of recent eligibility expansions. I document a significantly higher degree of take-up (and less crowding out of private insurance) among first- and second-generation immigrant children than among children of U.S. natives. Eligibility expansions increased immigrant children's use of preventive and ambulatory care and decreased emergency care in hospitals, while estimated effects for children of natives are negligible. My results also suggest improvements in some health measures that would be expected to respond to preventive and ambulatory care.
Equine Influenza Virus

Equine influenza virus is a highly contagious agent that is capable of causing explosive outbreaks of respiratory disease among susceptible horse populations. The virus infects the mucosal cells of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and induces respiratory disease characterized by a harsh dry cough and fever. Infection is generally self-limiting and the majority of horses recover uneventfully; however, the recovery period may take several weeks to months. Outbreaks affecting performance horses exert a significant economic impact on the equine industry due to loss of performance and time out of work. Vaccination and careful management can limit the spread and severity of disease among groups of horses, but, in the past, vaccines have often failed to provide adequate protection. Vaccine failure has been attributed to genetic and antigenic drift of the influenza A/equine/2 virus from vaccine strains, as well as failure of some vaccines to stimulate the appropriate array of immune responses. This article offers the equine veterinarian a practical approach to preventing infection and the steps that can be taken to promote rapid diagnosis and effective control of outbreaks if preventive measures fail. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, treatment, vaccines, and vaccination protocols are discussed, and a brief discussion of future technologies is presented.
Cell fusion: an alternative to stem cell plasticity and its therapeutic implications

Cell fusion has long been known to produce viable cells and to have a major role in mammalian development and differentiation. As gene expression profiles can change after cell fusion, this event must be also considered as an alternative explanation for the many cases of 'stem cell plasticity' that have been recently described and are promoted as a promising therapeutic strategy. Cell fusion has been demonstrated to occur in some recent studies, and the available evidence is often not inconsistent with cell fusion in others. Cell fusion itself has therapeutic potential, but low rates of spontaneous fusion and safety concerns may ultimately limit its use.
Spin-charge filtering through a spin-orbit coupled quantum dot controlled via an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer

We show that a strongly correlated quantum dot embedded in an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer can be used to filter both charge and spin at zero voltage bias. The magnitude with which the Aharonov-Bohm arm is coupled to the system controls the many-body effects on the quantum dot. When the quantum dot is in the Kondo regime, the flow of charge through the system can be tuned by the phase of the Aharonov-Bohm arm, ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{\mathit{AB}}$. Furthermore, when a spin-orbit interaction is present on a Kondo quantum dot, we can control the flow of spin by the spin-orbit phase, ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{\mathit{SO}}$. The existence of the Kondo peak at the Fermi energy makes it possible to control the flow of both charge and spin in the zero voltage bias limit.
Dynamic plastic response of beams resting on fluid

Abstract This paper considers the two-dimensional problem of a wide rigid ideally-plastic simply-supported beam resting on a semi-infinite pool of potential fluid. It is demonstrated that the problem reduces to determination of the apparent (added, virtual) mass of fluid reflecting inertial characteristics of the fluid resisting deformation. Using the theory of dual integral equations an especially simple closed form solution for the apparent mass is derived enabling solution of this practically significant problem.
Incorporation of ultrafiltration concentrated whey solids into Cheddar cheese for increased yield

Abstract A process for incorporating whey solids into Cheddar cheese was evaluated. Whey was concentrated by ultrafiltration to between 9.8 and 20.3% solids (4.3 to 7.1% protein) and then heated at 75°C for 30min. Return of this concentrate to cheese milk increased average yield 4.0% at constant cheese moisture. Cheese made by this procedure was lower in fat than control cheese and had a higher moisture content. Setting time was shorter, and acid development was faster. The pH was lower than that of the control cheese. Specific body, texture, and flavor characteristics were identified. Acid was the only flavor defect more prominent in experimental than in control cheese. None of the specific body or texture characteristics was significantly different.
Redoximorphic Features as Indicators of Seasonal Saturation, Lowndes County, Georgia

Redoximorphic features are generally accepted to be reliable indicators of seasonal saturation although little data exist to verify or refine the relationship in southern Georgia. This 2-yr study used nested piezometers to investigate the relationship between seasonal saturation and redoximorphic features in seven pedons of the middle Coastal Plain near Valdosta, GA. Three clayey pedons including two Plinthic Kandiudults and a Plinthaquic Paleudult were studied along a hillslope transect. Four sandy pedons including a Typic Quartzipsamment, a Grossarenic Kandiudult, a Grossarenic Kandiaquult, and an Ultic Alaquod were studied along an upland and river terrace transect. Results indicate that (i) pedons that experienced a seasonal high water table are endosaturated; (ii) a gray matrix is indicative of seasonal saturation, on average for >50% of the time, although some sandy horizons may be saturated much less; (iii) Fe depletions are associated with saturation an average of 18% of the study period, a value less than commonly reported; (iv) Fe-concentration features occur in horizons saturated on average for 24% of the time, although some shallow, especially sandy, horizons were never or only briefly saturated during the study period. Upland and backslope soils, especially Kandiudults with plin-thite and reticulate mottling, do not show a consistent relationship between saturation and redoximorphic features; these features appear to be relict and more monitoring in a variety of landscape settings is needed to determine the origin and significance of these features.
Only Connect: Microgrids for Distribution System Restoration

Electricity infrastructure is the cornerstone of every industrialized nation in the world. As the utility grid ages and the demand for electricity grows, the impact of major interruptions of the electricity infrastructure will be more intense. Costly power outages throughout the world caused by natural disasters such as floods and hurricanes have highlighted the importance of reinforcing the electricity infrastructure. A recent study conducted for the U.S. Department of Energy indicated that sustained power interruptions (those lasting more than 5 min) in the United States incur costs of more than US$26 billion dollars annually. Power outages caused by Hurricanes Sandy and Katrina in the United States threw into notice the crucial role of smart grid technology and the need for further investments in more comprehensive data communication and distribution management systems, distributed energy resources, energy storage facilities, additional automation, and further migration toward decentralized operations for the largely centralized power grid.
Recurrent parosteal osteosarcoma of the talus in a 2-year-old child

Parosteal osteosarcoma is an uncommon, low-grade malignant bone tumor and is found in an older age group than conventional osteosarcoma. We present a talar parosteal osteosarcoma that recurred twice in a 2-year-old child. To our knowledge, this is the youngest patient reported with a parosteal osteosarcoma. The talus is an unusual site for parosteal osteosarcoma. Inadequate resection due to a diagnosis of juxtacortical chondroma resulted in recurrence of the tumor. The age of the patient, the thick cartilaginous cap, and well-differentiated trabecular bone all contributed to the critical erroneous diagnosis.
Thoracoscopy in the management of empyema in children.

Abstract Many pediatric surgeons advocate early open drainage or decortication for children with acute empyema. Unfortunately, such procedures can be associated with significant morbidity. Since 1981, we have used early thoracoscopic adhesiolysis and pleural debridement as an alternative to open thoracotomy in 9 children with acute empyema. The average age was 7.8 ± 1.8 years (range, 2 to 16). All patients had failed initial treatment, which included antibiotics and chest tube drainage. All procedures were performed under general anesthesia. Following thoracoscopy, 8 of the 9 patients were managed with a single drainage tube and the average duration of tube drainage was 8.4 ± 1.4 days. One patient died of underlying leukemia. Of the 8 patients who recovered, the average postoperative hospital stay was 13.4 ± 2.9 days. No complications resulted from the thoracoscopies and there was no need for further surgical intervention in any of these patients. We conclude that thoracoscopy allows for minimally invasive, yet effective treatment of acute empyema with loculated collections. Thoracoscopic visualization of the pleural cavity permits efficient debridement, thorough adhesiolysis, and optimal placement of drainage tubes. Since we have begun using early thoracoscopy in the treatment of pediatric empyema, open drainage or decortication has not been required in any of these patients. Thoracoscopy is a useful adjunct in the treatment of empyema in children and its early application may eliminate the need for decortication.
PIEtrace: platform independent executable trace

To improve software dependability, a large number of software engineering tools have been developed over years. Many of them are difficult to apply in practice because their system and library requirements are incompatible with those of the subject software. We propose a technique called platform independent executable trace. Our technique traces and virtualizes a regular program execution that is platform dependent, and generates a stand-alone program called the trace program. Running the trace program re-generates the original execution. More importantly, trace program execution is completely independent of the underlying operating system and libraries such that it can be compiled and executed on arbitrary platforms. As such, it can be analyzed by a third party tool on a platform preferred by the tool. We have implemented the technique on x86 and sensor platforms. We show that buggy executions of 10 real-world Windows and sensor applications can be traced and virtualized, and later analyzed by existing Linux tools. We also demonstrate how the technique can be used in cross-platform malware analysis.
“Yeah, but I still don't want to deal with it”. Changes in a Teacher Candidate's Conceptions of Inclusion

This study documents one teacher candidate's conceptions about the inclusion of children with special needs in the general education classroom and how these conceptions changed over time. The study illustrates which experiences contributed to an individual's evolving understandings and changing attitudes towards inclusion. Throughout a 15‐week literacy methods course, the researcher collected data in the form of observations, interviews, course reflections, and other written assignments. Using grounded theory and constant comparative methods for analyzing data, the researcher discovered how a teacher candidate struggled to understand the purposes and goals of inclusion and was resistant to the idea of teaching students with disabilities. Class readings and course discussions appeared to heighten feelings of frustration and concern; however, making connections between course activities and actual classroom teaching practices and reconsidering the role of the teacher in inclusive classrooms assisted the tea...
CORONA Satellite Photography and Ancient Road Networks: A Northern Mesopotamian Case Study

Middle-eastern archaeologists are winning new information from declassified military photographs taken 25 years ago. This study shows how pictures of north-eastern Syria are revealing the routeways, and by inference the agricultural systems of Mesopotamia in the early Bronze Age.
Regulation of a Ca2+-sensitive Adenylyl Cyclase in an Excitable Cell: ROLE OF VOLTAGE-GATED VERSUS CAPACITATIVE Ca2+ ENTRY

In nonexcitable cells, we had previously established that Ca2+-sensitive adenylyl cyclases, whether expressed endogenously or heterologously, were regulated exclusively by capacitative Ca2+ entry (Fagan, K. A., Mahey, R. and Cooper, D. M. F. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 12438–12444; Fagan, K. A., Mons, N., and Cooper, D. M. F. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 9297–9305). Relatively little is known about how these enzymes are regulated by Ca2+ in excitable cells, where they predominate. Furthermore, no effort has been made to determine whether the prominent voltage-gated Ca2+ entry, which typifies excitable cells, overwhelms the effect of any capacitative Ca2+ entry that may occur. In the present study, we placed the Ca2+-stimulable, adenylyl cyclase type VIII in an adenovirus vector to optimize its expression in the pituitary-derived GH4C1 cell line. In these cells, a modest degree of capacitative Ca2+ entry could be discerned in the face of a dramatic voltage-gated Ca2+ entry. Nevertheless, both modes of Ca2+ entry were equally efficacious at stimulating adenylyl cyclase. A striking release of Ca2+from intracellular stores, triggered either by ionophore or thyrotrophin-releasing hormone, was incapable of stimulating the adenylyl cyclase. It thus appears as though the intimate colocalization of adenylyl cyclase with capacitative Ca2+ entry channels is an intrinsic property of these molecules, regardless of whether they are expressed in excitable or nonexcitable cells.
Nitrogen Incorporation into Lignite Humic Acids during Microbial Degradation

Previous study showed that nitrogen content in lignite humic acids (HA) increased significantly during lignite biodegradation. In this paper we evaluated the factors responsible for the increased level of N in HA and the formation of new nitrogen compound following microbial degradation. When the ammonium sulfate concentration in lignite medium was < 0.5%, the N-content in HA was higher than that in the crude lignite humic acid (cHA); when the ammonium sulfate concentration was ≥ 0.5%, both the biodegraded humic acid (bHA) N-content and the content of bHA in lignite increased significantly, but at 2.0% no increase was observed. This indicated that HA incorporated N existing in the lignite medium, and more HA can incorporate more N with the increase of bHA amount in lignite during microbial degradation. CP/MAS 15N NMR analysis showed that the N incorporated into HA during biotransformation was in the form of free or ionized NH2-groups in amino acids and sugars, as well as NH4 +. We propose nitrogen can be ...
Optical properties of monodispersed hematite hydrosols.

The experimentally determined extinction spectra of colloidal hematite, consisting of spherical particles of 0.10, 0.12, 0.13, 0.15, 0.16, and 0.51 μm in modal diameter, respectively, are compared with the corresponding theoretically calculated spectra using the Lorenz-Mie theory. These spectra are most sensitive to the particle size in the 0.10–0.20-μm range due to the damping effects which broaden the resonance at the expense of its height. For large particles (0.51 μm) the extinction becomes independent of the wavelength because of the broader size distribution of the hematite dispersion. As the small particles aggregate, a shoulder appears at 550 nm corresponding to the onset in fluctuations in the extinction efficiency of various sized particles. This shoulder may suggest the existence of certain surface electromagnetic modes caused by aggregation. A comparison is made in the size-dependent extinction efficiency at various wavelengths between colloidal hematite and gold sols.
Why do Adolescent Girls Idolize Male Celebrities

Girls often idolize male celebrities, but this phenomenon has been studied little. The authors therefore assessed celebrity idolization among 142 junior high school girls and found that girls who strongly idolized a male celebrity had more experience dating, reported secure and preoccupied attachments to same-age boys, and were rated higher in materialism. Higher idolizers also engaged in more interactive and sedentary activities. Girls who strongly idolize male celebrities thus like boys more in general and buy into other aspects of commercial culture.
nPCR assessment and IDPN treatment of malnutrition in pediatric hemodialysis patients.

Very few pediatric studies have monitored nutritional status using normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) or treating protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) with intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN). The current study compares nPCR with serum albumin as a marker for nutritional status and examines the effectiveness of IDPN treatment in three malnourished adolescent patients receiving chronic hemodialysis in a pediatric dialysis unit. All patients demonstrated reversal of weight loss and initiation of weight gain within 6 weeks of IDPN initiation. Mean values of monthly percentage weight and percentage body mass index (BMI) change were significantly lower in the pre-IDPN era (–0.61±2.70 and –1.3±2.7) versus the IDPN treatment period (1.8±2.1 and 1.3±2.1) (P<0.02). Two patients attained ideal body weight and IDPN was discontinued after 5 months. Patients required 150% recommended daily allowance to achieve weight and BMI gain. While mean monthly nPCR was significantly lower in the pre-IDPN period versus the IDPN period (1.05±0.36 versus 1.35±0.37, P<0.05), monthly serum albumin levels were no different before and after IDPN was initiated (3.7±0.8 versus 3.8±0.6). The current study demonstrates IDPN to be effective therapy for adolescent hemodialysis patients with PEM not correctable by enteral supplementation. nPCR was superior to serum albumin as a nutritional status marker in these malnourished pediatric patients receiving hemodialysis.
Present Status of Aeroelasticity of Wind Turbines

Aeroelasticity is a key issue in the continuing development of wind turbines towards large, flexible, highly optimized machines. The steadily increasing technology level is reflected not necessarily by the complexity of the turbines, but by the level of knowledge and advanced principles that are taken into account during the design process and incorporated in the final optimized design. This article examines some of the main uncertainties within aeroelastic modelling of wind turbines that have been hard to resolve over the years of research, and also presents perspectives for the new aeroelastic challenges, both from the viewpoint of the researchers at Riso National Laboratory. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coupled thermogravimetry/photometry for polymer ignition studies

Abstract Evaluation of the ignition properties of a polymeric system is difficult due to the large number of properties that must be measured and correlated. This problem is complicated by the fact that these properties are often measured using different test under widely varying conditions. We have developed an attachment for a commercial thermogravimetric analyzer that detects ignition and measures smoke generation. Since thermogravimetry provides information concerning the char yield and the decomposition kinetics, four important measures of polymer ignition are thus simultaneously obtained. The use of this apparatus is illustrated on polymeric systems.
Implementation of an online intellectual community in a graduate educational setting

Today, a significant portion of the student body lives far away from campus and are forced to take long commutes to and from campus. Such students are usually only able to come to campus once a week, and their fleeting presence on campus makes them detached from the intellectual community on campus. This study posits that information technology and "Web 2.0 technology" such as blogs and wikis can be used to expand the "Claremont Conversation" by mitigating the restrictions placed on communication by the need for same-time, same-place environments. As a part of an initiative envisioned by CGU President, Robert Klitgaard, titled "Imagine CGU" for the purpose of "Imagining the future of CGU and the Claremont Conversation", the phrase "Claremont Conversation" refers to conversations outside class among students and professors that help build an intellectual community that is the hallmark of a liberal education. This study describes the design and implementation of an initial project that targeted only the School of Information Systems and Technology (SISAT) at CGU. The artifact developed was an online community for the purpose of improving the sense-of-community amongst students, faculty, and alumni of the SISAT Department. This study then proposes future steps in how to improve the intellectual community at CGU by expanding the online intellectual community established for SISAT to the entire campus.
The calcination and sulphation behaviour of sorbents in fluidized bed combustion

Abstract A study was performed on the effects of the CO2 partial pressure in the calcining gas and sorbent impurities on the structure of calcines produced and on subsequent sulphation behaviour under fluidized bed combustion conditions. It was found that the average pore size and the BET surface area were affected markedly by these two parameters, but their effect on pore volume was not significant. Increasing both parameters increased the average pore size and decreased the surface area as a consequence of sintering. During sulphation the presence of impurities delayed pore closure due to the formation of CaSO4. Hence, higher calcium utilization was achieved from the lower purity stones. The results highlight the importance of considering chemical composition in addition to initial physical properties in the selection of sorbents for use during fluidized bed coal combustion, since chemical composition controls, to a large extent, the physical properties developed upon calcination, and the structure of the calcine affects sulphation behaviour.
Probability of Bianchi type-I inflation

The Henneaux-Gibbons-Hawking-Stewart canonical measure is calculated for spatially flat but anisotropically expanding universes (diagonal Bianchi type I) minimally coupled to a homogenous massive scalar field. Both inflationary and noninflationary solutions have infinite measure, giving an ambiguous classical probability for inflation in these models. A one-parameter family of methods for taking the ratio is described, and it is shown how it can give a probability ranging from zero to unity.
HSV-1 targets lymphatic vessels in the eye and draining lymph node of mice leading to edema in the absence of a functional type I interferon response.

Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) induces new lymphatic vessel growth (lymphangiogenesis) in the cornea via expression of vascular endothelial growth factor by virally infected epithelial cells. Here, we extend this observation to demonstrate the selective targeting of corneal lymphatics by HSV-1 in the absence of functional type I interferon (IFN) pathway. Specifically, we examined the impact of HSV-1 replication on angiogenesis using type I IFN receptor deficient (CD118−/−) mice. HSV-1-induced lymphatic and blood vessel growth into the cornea proper was time-dependent in immunocompetent animals. In contrast, there was an initial robust growth of lymphatic vessels into the cornea of HSV-1-infected CD118−/−mice, but such vessels disappeared by day 5 postinfection. The loss was selective as blood vessel integrity remained intact. Magnetic resonance imaging and confocal microscopy analysis of the draining lymph nodes of CD118−/− mice revealed extensive edema and loss of lymphatics compared with wild-type mice. In addition to a loss of lymphatic vessels in CD118−/− mice, HSV-1 infection resulted in epithelial thinning associated with geographic lesions and edema within the cornea, which is consistent with a loss of lymphatic vasculature. These results underscore the key role functional type I IFN pathway plays in the maintenance of structural integrity within the cornea in addition to the anti-viral characteristics often ascribed to the type I IFN cytokine family.
Urinary fistulas following external radiation or permanent brachytherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Prostate cancer (PCa) radiotherapy (RT), including brachytherapy, may lead to significant morbidity, including urinary fistulas. If conservative measures fail, urinary and/or fecal diversion is often required. In this study we examined a series of patients with fistulas that developed after pelvic radiation therapy and explored potential predisposing factors and treatment recommendations for refractory fistulas. Materials and Methods: Patients were identified who received radiation therapy for PCa between 1977 and 2002, and subsequently had a fistula to the urinary tract. Patients were excluded who had diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease, a history of recent radical retropubic prostatectomy (possible iatrogenic etiology) or cancer in the excised fistula. Data were extracted from patient charts, mailed questionnaires and outside records. Results: A total of 51 patients were identified with a history of radiation for PCa who subsequently had a urinary fistula. Of 20 patients meeting inclusion criteria 30% received external beam RT alone, 30% received brachytherapy and 40% received combined external beam RT/brachytherapy. Most fistulas (80%) were from the rectum to the urinary tract with an average diameter of 3.2 cm. Of patients with rectal fistulas 81% had a history of rectal stricture, urethral stricture, rectal biopsy, rectal argon beam therapy or transurethral prostate resection after radiation. All patients with rectourethral fistulas who achieved symptomatic resolution required urinary and fecal diversion. Conclusions: Conservative treatment is generally ineffective in the management of large urinary fistulas. Surgical intervention offers symptomatic relief and improved quality of life in most patients.
Enhancing the transmission of diffracted light in sub-wavelength apertures

Anomalous transmission through sub-wavelength aperture metamaterials, frequency selective surfaces and sub-wavelength sized aperture arrays has been a topic immense interest in the present decade. The ability to manipulate electromagnetic energy as it propagates through a metamaterial has ushered in a an age of sub-wavelength optical devices. Optical devised are prone to diffraction and back scattering. Diffraction effects inhibit the transmission performance of metamaterial sub-wavelength films. Depending on the application, back scattered light could be beneficial or undesirable. A method to reduce back scattered light is explored in this paper. This method involved placing sub-wavelength square apertures within a film to suppress the diffraction. Coupling of the fields between the apertures was observed in one of the studied structures. There is a spatial relationship between the distance separating the apertures and the coupling of the light. To characterize the coupling behavior and thereby reduce the far-field back scattering of light, more apertures were placed in various positions within the unit cell. This enabled reduction of the back scattering thereby, enhancing the forward transmission of light. It was found that populating the unit cell with more apertures resulted in a higher transmission. Increasing the spacing between the apertures resulted in couple cavity effects between the apertures. This effect is due to the fact that the apertures have a wider bandwidth hence broader transmission channels which aid light transmission rather than light scattering or reflection.
Liquid Transport in Fabric Structures

Liquid movement in any porous medium is driven by capillary action, which is governed by the liquid's properties, liquid-medium surface interaction, and geometric configurations of the pore structure in the medium. Pore structures of media, partic ularly fibrous materials, are complex and difficult to quantify. This paper discusses wetting and capillary theories and applications of these principles to the analysis of liquid wetting and transport in capillaries and fibrous materials. The derivations for external wetting contact angle and internal liquid transport are confirmed by micro balance measurements of glass capillaries and woven fabrics. The pore area responsible for liquid transport can be derived from mass transport data. This paper reports on the contribution of fiber surface properties and fabric pore structure to liquid transport and retention phenomena in 100% cotton and polyester fabrics.
Embryonic and Neoplastic Cell Surfaces: Availability of Receptors for Concanavalin A and Wheat Germ Agglutinin

Embryonic tissue cells dissociated with ethylenediaminetetraacetate are readily agglutinated by the carbohydrate-binding protein concanavalin A. In this property, they resemble transformed, neoplastic cells; and they differ from untransformed adult cells, which are agglutinated by concanavalin A only after their receptors are unmasked by proteolytic treatment. Receptor sites for wheat germ agglutinin are also present on the surface of embryonic cells, but in a masked form, as on untransformed adult culture cells; they can be unmasked by treatment of the cells with trypsin. Concanavalin A binding sites on embryonic cells may function in cell contact and cell organization during embryonic morphogenesis and differentiation and later become masked in adult cells. The unmasking of these sites in neoplastic cells may represent a return, in this respect, to a condition resembling that of embryonic cells and may be related to cell mobility associated with infiltration and metastasis.
Continuity clinic satisfaction and valuation in residency training.

Background Internal Medicine residency training in ambulatory care has been judged inadequate, yet how trainees value continuity clinic and which aspects of clinic affect attitudes are unknown.
Strongly Interacting Organic Conjugated Dendrimers with Enhanced Two-Photon Absorption

We report a strongly interacting new dendrimer system with an extended spectroscopic unit (coherent domain) beyond the trimer configuration. This report focuses on the mechanism of enhancement of the two-photon absorption (TPA) response of this material as a function of the dendrimer generation number. This enhancement is strongly correlated to the size and geometry of the spectroscopic unit in a strongly interacting macromolecular system. These systems are investigated by a wide variety of time-resolved spectroscopy methods including time-resolved fluorescence, transient absorption, three-pulse photon echo peak shift measurements as well as TPA cross section measurements. The extensive combination of modern spectroscopic methods strongly indicates that the spectroscopic unit (domain) in high generations covers the G1 (nine linear building blocks) and exceeds the trimer size.
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SPROUTED WHEAT FLOUR

Proximate analyses and determinations of ascorbic acid, thiamine and riboflavin were made on four flours prepared from sprouted Wanser wheat and on a control flour prepared from unsprouted wheat. The four sprouted flours were prepared from l/4 and 1 in. sprouts dried by two methods: convection or vacuum oven. Sprouted flours were found to have significantly higher crude protein, crude fat, thiamine and riboflavin concentrations than the control flour. For both sprout lengths higher thiamine concentrations were obtained by drying under vacuum.
The Origins of Strategic Communication: Precedents and Parallels in Ancient States

When, where, and why did communication strategy originate? Global communication strategy is a present-day preoccupation, but ancient states were the first to manage messages over large distances and time periods. They did this to entrench a permanent, convincing identity that embodied political power. To achieve their goal other forms of power were exploited and expressed as organized communication including religion, armed force, and administration. Early states created a distinct process to legitimize leadership and counter time and space obstacles like slow communication media, regional diversity, and the challenge to collective memory posed by limited access to written information and instruction. This article examines historical research and suggests that advanced strategic communication knowledge existed in premodern societies.
Microcomputer-based process planning using geometric programming

SUMMARY The manufacturing processes required to make an engineered part must be selected with consideration to cost, producibility and quality. Process planning, which is selection of the most appropriate production processes, is both an art and a science. Several process-planning software systems for mainframe computers are currently available. In this paper, process planning with the aid of a microcomputer is discussed. The computer program developed is used in an interactive mode and written in MBASIC. In this software development, the geometrical programming technique is used for the selection of optimal machining parameters.
Effect of flow maldistribution on conversion and selectivity in radial flow fixed‐bed reactors

This paper examines the effect of flow maldistribution on the predicted conversion and selectivity in a radial flow fixed-bed reactor. A simple model was developed to relate gas maldistribution to the catalyst bed to the conversion with first- and second-order reactions and to selectivity for first-order reactions in series and parallel. For the cases considered, the conversion debit due to maldistribution of the gas phase was as much as 11%. The model was extended to cover adiabatic conditions for simple first-order reactions. For an exothermic reaction, maldistributions can enhance conversion over that obtained with a uniformly distributed gas phase.
Structural analysis of HMGD-DNA complexes reveals influence of intercalation on sequence selectivity and DNA bending.

The ubiquitous, eukaryotic, high-mobility group box (HMGB) chromosomal proteins promote many chromatin-mediated cellular activities through their non-sequence-specific binding and bending of DNA. Minor-groove DNA binding by the HMG box results in substantial DNA bending toward the major groove owing to electrostatic interactions, shape complementarity, and DNA intercalation that occurs at two sites. Here, the structures of the complexes formed with DNA by a partially DNA intercalation-deficient mutant of Drosophila melanogaster HMGD have been determined by X-ray crystallography at a resolution of 2.85 A. The six proteins and 50 bp of DNA in the crystal structure revealed a variety of bound conformations. All of the proteins bound in the minor groove, bridging DNA molecules, presumably because these DNA regions are easily deformed. The loss of the primary site of DNA intercalation decreased overall DNA bending and shape complementarity. However, DNA bending at the secondary site of intercalation was retained and most protein-DNA contacts were preserved. The mode of binding resembles the HMGB1 box A-cisplatin-DNA complex, which also lacks a primary intercalating residue. This study provides new insights into the binding mechanisms used by HMG boxes to recognize varied DNA structures and sequences as well as modulate DNA structure and DNA bending.
Linear intertrochanteric osteotomy for chronic slip of the upper femoral epiphysis

A chronic slip of the upper femoral epiphysis (also called by the authors inveterate epiphysiolysis) is a rare, but not an extremely rare, occurrence. This paper describes a simple linear intetrochanteric osteotomy which aims to centre the femoral head correctly in the acetabulum. A deformity in the sagittal plane alone or a combined deformity in the sagittal and frontal planes can be equally well corrected. There is always a residual deformity in the femoral neck, but this is of no importance. The operation has been carried out in 21 patients and in nearly all of them the functional result was excellent. Avascular necrosis has not occurred.
SIMPLE MODELS OF FATALITY TRENDS USING EMPLOYMENT AND POPULATION DATA

Abstract Simple models of traffic fatalities were developed using only the readily available factors of population size (from the Bureau of the Census estimates and projections) and the size of the potential labor force and the number of unemployed workers (from the Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates based upon household surveys). The fatality trends from 1960 through 1982 appear consistent with changes in the numbers of unemployed workers, employed workers, and people not available for the labor force. The long-term (23-yr) model using employment factors produces an estimate of 45,158 fatalities in 1982 versus the current estimate of 44,000 fatalities which was derived from preliminary State reports. Short-term (1975–1982) annual fatality trends reflect recent sociological changes. A model based upon the number of unemployed workers and the number of employed workers produces an estimate of 44,709 fatalities in 1982, as compared to the State-reported estimate of 44,000 fatalities. A similar model of teenage (15–19 yr old) traffic fatalities produces an estimate of 6679 fatalities in 1982, as compared to the current estimate of 6700. The quantification of the relationship between economic factors and the number of traffic fatalities may be useful in understanding the effects of safety programs and other changes to the driving environment. However, the reader is cautioned on three important points about any modeling analysis. First, a model produces estimates of the effects of variables included in the analysis, but does not imply estimates of the effects of variables left out of the analysis. In particular, these models do not imply that other factors (such as safety programs and improvements) are unrelated to fatality decreases. Second, a model describes the observed coinciding of changes among variables, but does not of itself imply cause and effect. Inferences of causal relationships (between, for example, the economy and fatalities via changes in travel patterns) are made by people—usually subject matter specialists—to explain the model. Third, predictions from the model are the responsibility of the analyst making them. Predictions are especially tenuous when based upon data beyond the range of the historical experience used to create the model.
Dynamic vehicle routing with stochastic time constraints

In this paper we study a dynamic vehicle routing problem where demands have stochastic deadlines on their waiting times. Specifically, a network of robotic vehicles must service demands whose time of arrival, location and on-site service are stochastic; moreover, once a demand arrives, it remains active for a stochastic amount of time, and then expires. An active demand is successfully serviced when one of the vehicles visits its location before its deadline and provide the required on-site service. The aim is to find the minimum number of vehicles needed to ensure that the steady-state probability that a demand is successfully serviced is larger than a desired value, and to determine the policy the vehicles should execute to ensure that such objective is attained. First, we carefully formulate the problem, and we show its well-posedness by providing some novel ergodic results. Second, we provide a lower bound on the optimal number of vehicles; finally, we analyze two service policies, and we show that one of them is optimal in light load. Simulation results are presented and discussed.
Radio Access Network sharing in cellular networks

Mobile operators are witnessing a dramatic increase in traffic spurred by a combination of popularity of smartphones, innovative applications and diverse services. As mobile traffic transitions from being voice dominated to video and data dominated, the revenue per byte for the mobile operators is declining at an unhealthy rate. To counter the traffic growth and build cost-effective networks, many operators are now forging alliances for RAN (Radio Access Network) sharing to improve coverage and capacity at reasonable investments and operational costs. This paper presents the design and implementation of NetShare, a network-wide radio resource management framework that provides effective RAN Sharing. NetShare introduces a novel two-level scheduler split between the mobile gateway and the cellular basestations to effectively manage and allocate the wireless resources of the radio access network composed of multiple basestations among multiple different entities (such as operators, content providers, etc.) that share the network. Firstly, NetShare provides performance isolation across entities with a minimum guaranteed resource allocation to each entity across the network. Secondly, NetShare optimally distributes the resources to each entity across the network proportional to the resource demand at each basestation. Through extensive LTE-based system simulations and prototype evaluations on a WiMAX testbed, we show the efficacy of NetShare in (a) providing isolation across entities and (b) efficiently distributing resources for each entity across the network thus achieving high utilization of resources for an entity.
Separation of isomeric xylenes by permeation through modified plastic films

Abstract The modification of poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes by including Werner complexes in them was investigated for the separation of the xylene isomers. The two basic additives investigated were Ni(SCN) 2 (4-methylpyridine) 4 p -xylene and Ni(SCN) 2 (α-methylbenzylamine) 4 o -xylene. It was found that both of these clathrates made the poly(vinylidene fluoride) film selective for p -xylene, but the second compound produced the larger p -xylene separations. The best p -xylene product-feed composition differences obtained were in the range of 8 percent beginning with a feed containing an equimolar mixture of the three xylene isomers. The total product flow rates obtained were about 1 ml/(h-ft 2 ) at the best separations, but ranged up to over 100 ml/(h-ft 2 ).
11-year experience with gastroschisis: factors affecting mortality and morbidity.

Objective: The aim of the study was the evaluation of patients treated with a diagnosis of gastroschisis and to establish the factors which affected the morbidity and mortality. Methods: Twenty-nine patients, managed for gastroschisis during 2000-2010 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were analysed in respect to gestational age, birth weight, associated anomalies, type of delivery, operative procedures, postoperat ive complications, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) related complications. The factors affecting mortality and morbidity were determined. Findings: Associated abnormalities were present in 24% of the patients. Eleven patients underwent elective reduction in the incubator (Bianchi procedure) without anesthesia. Eight patients had delayed reduction with silo and ten patients had primary closure. Although the type of delivery had an effect on morbidity but not mortality, gestational age, birth weight, and the operative procedure performed had no effect on morbidity or mortality. Duration until tolerance of oral intake, and of TPN and hospitalization were found to be statistically significantly shorter in the group of babies delivered by cesarean section. Conclusion: In our study the most important cause of mortality was the abdominal compartment syndrome and multi-organ failure in the early years. Long hospitalization periods and sepsis were the main causes of mortality in recent years.
Dietary‐resistant starch improves maternal glycemic control in Goto–Kakizaki rat

Scope: Dietary prebiotics show potential in anti-diabetes. Dietary resistant starch (RS) has a favorable impact on gut hormone profiles, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) consistently released, a potent anti-diabetic incretin. Also RS reduced body fat and improved glucose tolerance in rats and mice. In the current project, we hypothesize that dietaryresistant starch can improve insulin sensitivity and pancreatic b cell mass in a type 2 diabetic rat model. Altered gut fermentation and microbiota are the initial mechanisms, and enhancement in serum GLP-1 is the secondary mechanism. Methods and results: In this study, GK rats were fed an RS diet with 30% RS and an energy control diet. After 10wk, these rats were mated and went through pregnancy and lactation. At the end of the study, pancreatic b cell mass, insulin sensitivity, pancreatic insulin content, total GLP-1 levels, cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations and butyrate producing bacteria in cecal contents were greatly improved by RS feeding. The offspring of RS-fed dams showed improved fasting glucose levels and normal growth curves. Conclusion: Dietary RS is potentially of great therapeutic importance in the treatment of diabetes and improvement in outcomes of pregnancy complicated by diabetes.
Institutionalization of Community-Engaged Scholarship at Institutions that are Both Land-Grant and Research Universities

This case study examines North Carolina State University’s community-engaged scholarship faculty development program established in 2009–2010. Reflections by the program coordinators and participants reveal that the university’s paradoxical identity as both a land-grant and a research institution has produced tensions in three areas: funding support; reappointment, promotion, and tenure policies; and faculty commitment. During the 2-year process of designing and implementing the program, the authors concluded that simultaneously holding an institutional identity as a land-grant university and as a research university creates a paradox that challenges the institutionalization of community-engaged scholarship on a campus.
Bacteria and Yeast Associated with Sugar Beet Root Rot at Harvest in the Intermountain West

An undescribed wet rot of roots was observed in surveys of recently harvested sugar beet roots in Idaho and eastern Oregon in 2004 and 2005. Microorganisms isolated from 287 roots fell into the following groups: A (41% of strains), B (29%), C (17%), D (11%), E (2%), and F (1%). Groups A, B, C, and F were composed of bacteria while groups D and E were yeasts. Subgroup A1 (80% of group A strains) included Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum strains and subgroup A2 (20%) contained Lactobacillus strains. Group B was dominated by subgroup B1 (92% of strains), which included Gluconobacter strains. When only one organism was isolated from rotted roots, strains from subgroup A1 were isolated most frequently. Group C was composed of enteric bacteria. Strain B322 of L. mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum caused the most severe rot on root slices and produced symptoms similar to those in harvested roots. Results suggest that L. mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum is among the first bacterial species to enter sugar beet roots, closely following fungal infections or entering directly through openings such as growth cracks. The bacterial rot leads to yield loss in the field but likely also leads to storage and factory-processing problems.