cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Remembering Our Friend and Colleague, Professor Charles Koch (1944-2012)

The William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal has done well to celebrate the life and work of our longtime friend and colleague, Professor Charles Koch.Professor Koch was, for many years, a national leader in the field of administrative law. Before entering academia, Professor Koch worked as a staff attorney in the Office of the General Counsel of the Federal Trade Commission. Not long after beginning his academic career at DePaul Law School, Professor Koch joined the law faculty at William & Mary in 1979. Over the course of his thirty-three year career at William & Mary, Professor Koch wrote an important multivolume treatise on administrative law entitled Administrative Law and Practice and served for seven years as Editorin-Chief of the Administrative Law Review. He also held leadership positions in the Administrative Law Section of the Association of American Law Schools. Active with the administrative law bar, Professor Koch served on two occasions as a consultant for the Administrative Conference of the United States.1Later in his career, Professor Koch became particularly interested in administrative law in the European Union. Thereafter, much of his teaching and research was devoted to enhancing our understanding of the European Union, and he eventually co-authored a book entitled Administrative Law of the European Union with George Bermann. Professor Koch liked to refer to the European Union as the biggest administrative agency in the world, and he was fascinated by its structure. On many occasions, he would explain in great detail the complexities of the European Union to those of his faculty colleagues who focused almost exclusively on American law.Professor Koch was much beloved by his faculty colleagues. One faculty colleague, Professor Alemante Selassie, remembers Koch this way:[Professor Koch] was an unassuming man who loved to learn, always finding new subjects that excited him and inspired him to broaden his intellectual horizon. He also had an unusual ability to listen and listen attentively.... On a personal level, I will always cherish with sadness in my heart the memory of Charles as a man who added breadth, humanity and a special dignity to my life.2Another faculty colleague, Professor Christie Warren, has described Professor Koch as[o]ne of the most open-minded, intellectually curious people I have known. [H]e disdained simplistic, rigid thinking and loved nothing more than analyzing legal issues through new lenses Whenever I returned from a field assignment,. …
Torulopsis Pyelonephritis Associated with Papillary Necrosis: A Case Report

AbstractA case of Torulopsis glabrata pyelonephritis associated with papillary necrosis is presented. Torulopsis glabrata is a potential pathogen in the urinary tract capable of producing renal damage, sepsis and death. In this case the involved kidney sustained progressive damage, necessitating nephrectomy for cure. Examination of the kidney showed fungal involvement of the parenchyma and collecting system.
A numerical model of a horizontal-spiral, two-phase flow

The thermal performance of a horizontal-spiral, two-phase flow with low heat flux and mass velocity is modelled. Refrigerant flows helically in a single plane where the axis of the spiral is horizontal. The focus of this paper is to predict the heat transfer and pressure drop of the refrigerant. The refrigerant two-phase flow is modelled as homogeneous and one-dimensional. Empirical correlations for straight, two-phase flow as well as single-phase, helical flow are used. An equation set of continuity, momentum, energy, and refrigerant's equation of state are presented. The set of first-order differential equations are integrated using a fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm, with a local, root-bisection iteration method for determining the local density gradient. Numerical results of the spatial variation of enthalpy, density, velocity, pressure, and temperature are presented, and comparisons are made to show the effect of the curved-tube on the solution In addition a second law analysis of the flow is made in order to quantify and compare individual losses. It is found that the heat transfer performance at high quality is improved by the helical flow by five percent. Corresponding pressure drop losses also increase by eight percent.
A Review of “Cuban Landscapes: Heritage, Memory, and Place”

Cuban Landscapes is a fascinating pastiche of the physical and human geographies, with all the attached political and social implications that define Cuba in the imagination. “Cuba” the authors sta...
Radiation effects on a two-stage double-pass single-polarization erbium fiber amplifier

Summary form only given. In free space communication, it is desirable to have single-polarization EDFAs since polarization diversity can be used to multiplex transmitter and receiver or double transmitter capacity per wavelength via polarization diplexing. In this paper, we use the double-pass Faraday mirror approach to realize a 250 mW single-polarization EDFA, without the need for special polarization controllers or maintaining Er fibers.
Coagulation of the infundibulopelvic ligament during laparoscopic tubal sterilization: a report of an unusual complication.

Coagulation of the infundibulopelvic ligament as a complication of the laparoscopic tubal sterilization procedure is discussed. During the laparoscopic examination minor tubovarian adhesions were noted. What was thought to be the right tube was clearly visualized. It was grasped with Palmer forceps coagulated and dissected. However later inspection of the site indicated coagulation of the infundibulopelvic ligament. A laparotomy was done and the ovarian vessels were found to be coagulated. A salpingo-oophorectomy was done. No previous report of a similar complication has been found in the English literature. The laparotomy was considered necessary to evaluate the situation and to prevent further complications. When there has been no blood vessel injury nothing needs be done. Ligation above the site may be possible. Removal of the ovary and Fallopian tube is needed with extensive blood vessel injury.
The social perceptual deficits of schizophrenia

This article summarizes a series of studies conducted by our group that examined the social perceptual deficits of schizophrenia. Research suggested that social perceptual deficits are more pronounced in patients with nonparanoid schizophrenia than comparison groups comprising normal controls or individuals with paranoid schizophrenia. The social perceptual deficits of schizophrenia were affected by the level of abstraction of cue descriptors; the level of emotional arousal engendered by the situation; the presence of extraneous, emotionally arousing stimuli; and the familiarity of the situation. These deficits were not found in standardization and cross-validation samples of normal controls, suggesting that these differential deficits represent a characteristic of the disorder rather than a psychometric confound. Social perceptual deficits in schizophrenia were significantly associated with verbal recall memory and relatively unrelated to visual vigilance. These latter findings were used in a study on rehabilitation of cue perception which showed that memory rehabilitation significantly improved cue perception whereas attention focusing strategies had no appreciable effects.
Constitutively Active μ-Opioid Receptors Inhibit Adenylyl Cyclase Activity in Intact Cells and Activate G-proteins Differently than the Agonist [d-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]Enkephalin

Abstract The most convincing evidence demonstrating constitutive activation of μ-opioid receptors is the observation that putative inverse agonists decrease basal G-protein activity in membrane preparations. However, it is not clear whether constitutively active receptors in isolated membranes have any physiological relevance in intact cells. GH3 cells expressing μ-opioid receptors (GH3MOR) exhibit higher basal G-protein activity and lower basal cAMP levels than wild-type GH3 cells, indicative of constitutively active receptors. This study determined whether alkylation of μ-opioid receptors by the irreversible antagonist β-funaltrexamine would decrease spontaneous receptor activity in intact cells, revealing constitutive activity. GH3MOR cells were pretreated with increasing concentrations of β-funaltrexamine followed by functional testing after removal of unbound drug. β-Funaltrexamine pretreatment produced a concentration-dependent decrease in μ-opioid receptor binding with an IC50 of 0.98 nm and anE max of 77%. Similar concentrations of β-funaltrexamine pretreatment produced a half-maximal reduction in basal [35S]GTPγS binding, a decrease in basal photolabeling of G-proteins with azidoanilido-[α-32P]GTP, and an increase in basal adenylyl cyclase activity in intact cells. Therefore, μ-opioid receptors are constitutively active in intact cells, producing stimulation of G-proteins and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. Importantly, photolabeling of Gα-subunits with azidoanilido-[α-32P]GTP demonstrated that constitutively active μ-opioid receptors activate individual G-proteins differently than the agonist [d-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin.
A Second UV "Light Bulb" behind the SN 1006 Remnant

A point X-ray source located 9 arcmin northeast of the center of SN~1006 has been spectroscopically identified as a background QSO, with a redshift of 0.335. The object is moderately bright, with magnitude V=18.3. If its ultraviolet spectrum is typical of low-z quasars, this object will be a second (after the Schweizer-Middleditch star) source to use for absorption spectroscopy of material within SN 1006. Absorption spectra provide a unique probe for unshocked ejecta within this supernova remnant, and can possibly solve the long-standing problem of "missing" iron in the remnants of Type Ia supernovae.
The Inheritance of Certain Characters in Oenothera Hybrids of Different Chromosome Configurations.

Crosses between “franciscana sulfurea” and sulfur-dwarf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Crosses between ‘ffranciscana sulfurea” and Oenothera franciscana 328 Chromosome configurations of the hybrids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 Interpretation of data.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 The chromosome complexes.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 Linkage relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 Gametophyte competition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 342 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Similar cases in 346 ACKNOWLEDGMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 SUMMARY AND CON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 LITERATURE CITED . . 347 Description of types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Relational data base support for interactive graphics

A relational data base management system has proven to be an extremely valuable tool for implementing AUTOCOLOR, an interactive graphics application system. AUTOCOLOR generates realistic color synthetic images on a raster display which will permit designers to aesthetically evaluate automotive body shapes even before a clay model is built. Both exterior body surfaces and functional parts constructed with the GMSOLID solid modeling system can be displayed. Color coded scalar values such as stress, pressure, or curvature can also be displayed on the surface of an object. AUTOCOLOR is completely interactive, using menus and screen selection to define parameters and options, select a viewing orientation, or mix a color. The geometry, view, lighting, and image generation information for displaying an object are all stored in tables which can be accessed directly by programs or interactively using data base commands. The tabular organization has proven to be very efficient from the programming point of view. It offers the advantages of array referencing without the overhead of following a linked list or hierarchical structure. The availability of data base functions provides a powerful tool for the manipulation of application data structures. For example, sorting the edge table to generate a different view of an object can be done by a a single command. Data base commands can also perform utility functions like generating the mirror image of a part without writing special purpose programs. Files containing all tables for an object can be saved which makes it possible to create subsequent images very quickly without regenerating previously derived information. The use of a general purpose data base manager reduces the programming effort to implement a system, provides great flexibility, and can be accomplished without loss of execution efficiency. The data base manager supports many of the functions that would have to be provided anyway. These include: space management, creation of data, building a data structure, and location of specific data items.
Development of a Methodology for Service Lifetime Prediction of Renewable Energy Devices

Emerging advanced multilayer renewable energy devices, such as reflector materials and photovoltaic modules, are expected to exhibit significantly increased service lifetimes compared to existing devices. Such devices must be capable of 20 to 30 years of operation under harsh outdoor weathering conditions. Industrial manufacturers cannot afford to wait extended periods of time to determine whether such lifetimes are realistic. Consequently, a flexible, robust, and accurate method for predicting the service lifetime of such devices is essential. Two requirements for developing such a method are first, to correlate the accelerated lifetime test methods with anticipated life under real-world operating environments; and second, to establish statistical models for predicting service lifetimes based on environmental stress factors. The relative significance of the weathering stress factors ultraviolet light (UV), temperature (T), and relative humidity (RH) was ascertained. Optical properties of new reflector materials were measured and their loss of performance with exposure time was modelled as a function of an appropriate combination of stress factors. Then, the functional relationship between performance measurements and time in accelerated lifetime tests was investigated. The basic framework of this approach is SPt analysis because it intends to explain the bridge functions from Stresses (S) to Performance (P) and from Performance to lifetime (t) of the materials. The results show that the cumulative dosage of ultraviolet radiation between 290-320 nm (UV-B) with synergistic effects of T and RH is a very critical factor in inducing performance loss. Finally, the SPt model developed for accelerated laboratory data was verified for data obtained from outdoor sites, and excellent agreement was found.
New delay analysis in high speed networks

The implementation of bounded-delay services over integrated services networks relies admission control mechanisms that in turn use end-to-end delay computation algorithms. For guaranteed-rate scheduling algorithms such as fair queueing, delay computation based on Cruz's service curve model performs very well. Many currently deployed networks, be they packet-switched or ATM based, rely on non-guaranteed-rate disciplines, most prominently FIFO and static-priority disciplines. We show that for this class of disciplines the service curve model performs poorly. We propose the Integrated Approach as alternative to the service curve model to cluster servers for delay computation purposes, and show in a series of evaluations that this new approach outperforms approaches based on the service curve model as well as other currently used approaches.
Hybridization of Complementary and Homologous Peptide Nucleic Acid Oligomers to a Guanine Quadruplex-Forming RNA

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers targeted to guanine quadruplex-forming RNAs can be designed in two different ways. First, complementary cytosine-rich PNAs can hybridize by the formation of Watson−Crick base pairs, resulting in hybrid PNA−RNA duplexes. Second, guanine-rich homologous PNAs can hybridize by the formation of G tetrads, resulting in hybrid PNA−RNA quadruplexes. UV thermal denaturation, circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopy experiments were used to compare these two recognition modes and revealed 1:1 duplex formation for the complementary PNA and 2:1 (PNA2−RNA) quadruplex formation for the homologous PNA. Both hybrids were very stable, and hybridization was observed at low nanomolar concentrations. Hybrid quadruplex formation was equally efficient regardless of the PNA strand polarity, indicating a lack of interaction between the loop nucleobases on the PNA and RNA strands. The implications of this finding on sequence specificity as well as methods to improve affinity are also ...
Getting to the root of plant development: the genetics of Arabidopsis root formation

Root development in Arabidopsis thaliana is amenable to molecular genetic analyses because of its simplicity and accessibility. Genetic screens have identified a rich collection of mutants that can be used to address a variety of fundamental questions in plant developmental biology. These mutants have defects in genes that govern organ formation, meristem activity, cell differentiation and response to environmental conditions.
Cardiorespiratory fitness evaluation in climacteric women: Comparison of two methods

Middle-aged women are becoming increasingly interested in aerobic exercise. For exercise to be meaningful, training needs to be performed at 70% to 85% of VO2max for 20 minutes, three times weekly. The graded exercise test is the standard method used to determine maximum oxygen uptake, but this test is impractical for use in clinical practice. A cross-sectional study evaluated 163 women between 35 and 75 years of age by graded exercise test and compared the result with a matched group of 121 women tested by bicycle ergometer (predicted maximum oxygen uptake). Bicycle testing and the graded exercise test had a similar range of values; this was confirmed by 29 climacteric women performing both tests (r = 0.789). Menopausal status has no effect on cardiorespiratory fitness: the predicted maximum oxygen uptake of age-matched menstruating women was 27.4 +/- 6.3 ml/kg/min and that of nonmenstruating women was 25.3 +/- 4.2 ml/kg/min (p greater than 0.05). Bicycle ergometry can thus be used as a screen to determine the cardiorespiratory fitness status of climacteric women.
Functional anatomy of the hands of fur seals and sea lions

Dissections and manipulations of the hands of 14 specimens of four genera of fur seals and sea lions and of generalized fissiped carnivores were used to identify the structural modifications involved in formation of the expanded forelimb paddles characteristic of these pinnipeds. The morphological peculiarities were then correlated with differences in locomotor function, both on land and in the water, on the basis of previously published data, for the purpose of identifying modifications of structure and function which have adaptive vale. Structural differences found in the manus of fur seals and sea lions include: (1) reduction in size of the ulnar side of the carpus and a radial shift in the length-order of the digits, (2) development of musculature in the antebrachial fascia which attaches to the caudal margin of the flipper, (3) orientation of the radial side of the manus dorsal and radial to the rest of the hand, (4) increased range of possible midcarpal movement and in deviational mobility at the first and fifth digits, (5) attachment of forearm musculature onto radial digits and (6) well-developed hypothenar muscles and absence of thenar muscles. Modifications in hand structure are viewed as providing a morphological basis for employment of the hand to advantage during aquatic locomotion while maintaining thrust-producing and potentially energy-conserving capacities during movement on land. As such these differences in structure and function are viewed as adaptations to locomotion in the water and on land which are extensions of locomotor adaptations attributed to modifications of forelimb structure and function associated with the generation of massive aquatic locomotor thrust. The adaptive value of such modifications is interpreted as allowing fur seals and sea lions to swim with speed and thereby capture elusive fast-swimming prey while maintaining a level of terrestrial locomotor ability compatible with their amphibious mode of life.
Ontological analysis of terrain data

Geographic applications require increasingly accurate data, for example to support high fidelity visual simulations. However, information about data accuracy is typically not directly available, and must instead be inferred from the manner in which the data was acquired and processed. Some inaccuracies arise as subtle side-effects of processing steps, such as transformation errors due to implicit epochs or unintentional downsampling due to pixel overlap of tiled imagery. Many such problems are known to only a small number of experts. To address this problem, we formalize the properties of each piece of data and its processing history in a geographic ontology, and use declarative Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) rules to calculate the errors relative to the real world or to other data. Since the impact of these errors depends on the purpose for which the data is to be used, purpose-dependent requirements are described using an additional task ontology and evaluated by our task analyzer software. The geographic ontology combines knowledge from different areas of expertise, and makes it available for the community to use, critique, and augment.
La construcción local de la memoria: Fotografías del museo comunitario Kaqjay de Patzicía, Guatemala

En julio de 2010 visite por primera vez el sitio arqueologico Kaqjay junto con colegas y estudiantes de mi universidad. Llegamos alli por invitacion de los integrantes del colectivo del Museo Comunitario Kaqjay de Patzicia, pueblo kaqchikel localizado en el altiplano guatemalteco. Edgar Esquit, quien es historiador y antropologo, llevaba entre sus manos un mapa del sitio arqueologico que habia sido publicado por William Swezey como parte de “El primer informe de Cakhay”1 en 1998. En el paisaje se aprecian a simple vista varios de los monticulos formados por las estructuras que estan bajo tierra. Pero el diagrama nos ayudaba a imaginar este sitio arqueologico que cuenta con “dos plazas y una cancha de juego de pelota” (Swezey 7). Como caminamos desde la Carretera Panamericana, tuvimos la oportunidad de detenernos un momento al inicio del camino,
Phosphazenes 3. Group contributions to the phosphorus-31 chemical shifts of alkyl and aryl substituted cyclotriphosphazenes

The 31P NMR spectra of 68 geminally di-substituted tetrachlorocyclotriphosphazenes have been analyzed. For the dialkyl complexes (I), partial chemical shift contributions can be calculated shifts. For the alkyl-halo complexes (II), several deviations from the predicted chemical shifts are observed. These can be rationalized in terms of steric interactions between the substituent groups. For the series of para-substituted aryl phosphazenes (III), excellent correlation between the Hammett σ parameter and the 31P NMR chemical shift is observed.
The Effects of Positive Patient Testimonials on PTSD Treatment Choice

Abstract Despite the existence of effective treatment options for PTSD, these treatments are failing to reach those that stand to benefit from PTSD treatment. Understanding the processes underlying an individual's treatment seeking behavior holds the potential for reducing treatment-seeking barriers. The current study investigates the effects that positive treatment testimonials have on decisions regarding PTSD treatment. An undergraduate (N = 439) and a trauma-exposed community (N = 203) sample were provided with videotaped treatment rationales for prolonged exposure (PE) and sertraline treatments of PTSD. Half of each sample also viewed testimonials, detailing a fictional patient's treatment experience. All participants then chose among treatment options and rated the credibility of – and personal reactions toward – those options. Among treatment naive undergraduates, testimonials increased the proportion choosing PE alone; and among treatment naive members of the trauma-exposed community sample, testimonials increased the proportion choosing a combined PE plus sertraline treatment. These effects were not observed for those with prior history of either psychotherapeutic or pharmacological treatment. Major barriers exist that prevent individuals with PTSD from seeking treatment. For a critical unreached treatment sample, those who are treatment naive, positive patient testimonials offer a mechanism in which to make effective treatments more appealing and accessible.
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CAPITAL, RACE AND ETHNICITY, AND COLLEGE STUDENT RETENTION

This study addresses the role that social and cultural capital play in first-to-second year persistence in higher education and examines how race and ethnicity are associated with initial levels of...
Tying It All Together: Utilizing Market Research to Inform a Marketing Plan and Further Library Branding

Learning the concepts behind branding and marketing plans is easy, but it is difficult to put this knowledge into practice. At Buswell Library at Wheaton College, we decided to take our knowledge o...
Validation of a Noninvasive Thermal Perfusion System Using a Canine Medial Saphenous Fasciocutaneous Free Tissue Flap Model

This work describes steps in the ongoing development of a system to noninvasively estimate blood perfusion using thermal methods. A combination thermocouple/thermopile sensor is used to record heat flux and temperature measurements on the tissue of interest. The resulting data are compared to a biothermal computer model to determine blood perfusion. The system has been tested on a canine medial saphenous fasciocutaneous free tissue flap that allows experimental control of blood flow to the measurement site. These experiments show distinct correlation between blood flow and bioprobe output demonstrating the validity of the measurement method.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Which Deep Breathing Device Should the Postoperative Patient Use

A study was undertaken to compare the use of three types of deep-breathing devices in patients undergoing upper-abdominal operations. Seventy-nine patients were divided into three groups, each receiving preoperative bedside testing of pulmonary function and instruction in the use of one of three randomly assigned deep-breathing devices thought to be representative of those currently available (Triflo II, Bartlett-Edwards Incentive Spirometer, or Spirocare). Repeat testing and instruction were provided daily during each of the first five postoperative days. There were few statistically significant differences in pulmonary function, vital signs, and white blood cell count, and no difference in length of postoperative stay. No device was uniformly acceptable to patients, and none was used as frequently as recommended. When left at the bedside with only one daily reinforcement of instructions, the three devices showed no clinically important differences.
The induction of ornithine decarboxylase by tumor promoting phorbol ester analogues in Reuber H35 hepatoma cells

Abstract The induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity was studied in a rat hepatoma cell line (Reuber H35) incubated with a group of structurally-related phorbol ester analogues. A single application of 1.6 μM of tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to H35 cells caused a dramatic increase in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase. The stimulation of the enzyme activity was rapid but transient, peaking at 4 to 5 hr with a value which was 116-fold greater than control and then declining to the basal level after 8 hr. In addition, the increase in ODC activity was dependent upon the concentration of TPA added to the culture medium and the EC50 was estimated to be about 2.63 × 10−7 M. Our studies of the effect of various phorbol ester analogues on the H35 ODC activity indicated an apparent correlation between the ability of phorbol ester derivatives to induce ODC activity in the H35 cells and their activity to promote papilloma formation in the mouse skin in that the various derivatives possessed the following relative abilities to increase ODC activity: TPA > PDB > PDA > 4 α-P > 4 α-PDD. Concurrent addition of either actinomycin D or cycloheximide abolished the increase in ODC activity after TPA treatment. Changes of intracellular concentrations of polyamines, particularly putrescine, were in good agreement with the increase in ODC activity in response to TPA: a 10-fold increase in putrescine over the control level was observed at 6 hr. Our data suggest that cultured Reuber H35 hepatoma cells exhibit a marked and specific response to the phorbol ester tumor promoters and may be of great value in studying the biochemical mechanism of ODC induction by these agents.
Minimally invasive endourologic management of calculi in continent urinary reservoirs

Abstract This study was done to determine whether minimally invasive endourologic management of calculi in continent reservoirs can be done effectively without compromise of urinary continence. Four patients with continent urinary diversions (1 Indiana pouch and 3 Kock pouches) were managed with trans-stomal pouchoscopic ultrasonic lithotripsy (n = 2), prone position extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (n = 1), or a "sandwich" combination of these (n = 1) for stone burdens up to 20 cm 2 . Total hospital stay ranged from one to four (mean = 2.6) days. All 4 patients were initially rendered stone free, and, with follow-up as long as twenty-five months, only 1 has had a recurrence. No patient experienced stomal leakage or other complications. This study suggests that minimally invasive endourologic management of calculi in continent urinary reservoirs can be done safely and effectively to obviate the need for more invasive percutaneous approaches or open surgery, even for some patients with large stone burdens.
Supercollider signals from gluino and squark decays to Higgs bosons.

If the mass of the charged Higgs boson of the minimal supersymmetric model (MSSM) is smaller than about 150 GeV, the branching fraction for heavy gluinos and left-handed squarks to cascade decay to the heavier Higgs bosons {ital H}{sub {ital h}}, {ital H}{sub {ital p}}, and {ital H}{sup {plus minus}} of the MSSM may be as large as 50--60 % for values of supersymmetric parameters consistent with experimental data. These decays, which have been assumed to be kinematically inaccessible in earlier analyses, can potentially lead to significant modification of the cross section for missing {ital E}{sub {ital T}} ({ital E}{sub {ital T}}), same-sign dilepton, and multilepton events from squarks and gluinos. We find that the {ital E}{sub {ital T}}, same-sign dilepton, and trilepton production rates are relatively insensitive to low values of {ital m}{sub {ital H}}{sup +}, so that these remain viable signals for the identification of gluinos and squarks at the Superconducting Super Collider or the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Finally, our exploratory study shows that substantial production of {ital H}{sub {ital h}} and {ital H}{sub {ital p}}({ital H}{sup {plus minus}}) in gluino and squark pair events can lead to {ital E}{sub {ital T}} events with anomalously large numbersmore » of {ital b} quarks ({tau} leptons). There also exist small regions of parameter space where the {ital H}{sub {ital l}} and {ital H}{sub {ital h}} may be identifiable via the presence of {gamma}{gamma} in {ital E}{sub {ital T}} events.« less
Familiar faces in unfamiliar places: Mycorrhizal fungi associated with Caribbean pine

Pinus caribaea and its varieties occur naturally in Central America and parts of the Caribbean region. Little is known about its mycorrhizal fungi, but it appears to share a remarkable number of fungal partners with pines in North America. Some fungi found with Caribbean pine in Belize are listed and discussed.
Where have all form factors gone in the instanton amplitudes

Abstract We discuss the issue of the momentum dependence of instanton-induced amplitudes. We consider multi-loop graphs in gφ 4 , which on the one hand can be computed through the Lipatov approach using instantons and on the other hand are given by the usual Feynman graphs. Using this correspondence we can understand the peculiar momentum dependence. We find that the momentum dependence characteristic to the one-instanton amplitudes corresponds to low-multiplicity cuts, while the genuine ultraviolet behavior is dominated by high-multiplicity cuts which are not reproduced in the one-instanton approximation and presumably could be related to multi-instantons. The contribution of the multi-instanton configurations is estimated, and a boundary value of the momentum transfer where the regimes are changed is found.
WE‐E‐ValA‐03: Dosimetric Evaluation of Prostate IMRT Treatments Positioned Based On Cone‐Beam CT

Purpose: To evaluate the dosimetric consequence of 3D positioning verification for prostate IMRT treatment using CBCT.Method and Materials: Patients in this study were repositioned using 2D orthogonal radiographicimages, taken prior to treatment to match 2D bone structures between the raidiographic and reference images. Following this, CBCTimages were acquired, then the treatment was delivered without an additional shift. A verification plan, CBTreat, was generated based on the CBCT to simulate the actual treatment achieved with positioning verification based on 2D bone structure match. A verification plan, CBBone, was created based on CBCT with the isocenter shifted to match 3D bone structures between CBCT and planning CT. A verification plan, CBSoft, was created based on CBCT with the isocenter shifted to match 3D soft tissues between CBCT and planning CT. These three verification plans were created for 17 patients for the first treatment fraction and compared to the original plans. Results: The average dose coverage of prostate/seminal vesicle (SV) and dose to 30% of bladder/rectum showed very similar results for all three verification plans. Individual dose‐volume histograms (DVH) displayed similar distribution for CBTreat and CBBone of all 17 patients. However, DVHs of CBSoft indicated that the coverage of prostate and SV was improved significantly for a few patients at the cost of increased dose to bladder/rectum. Current patient repositioning is limited to translational couch shift although we observed several patients with variations (e.g. prostate deformation due to rectal gas, bladder filling, volume variation) that could not be resolved by the couch shift. Conclusion:CBCT provides substantial bony and soft tissue information. It also reveals that the prostate is often deformed and simple translation correction will not improve the treatment accuracy. Therefore, customizing margin or adaptive therapy is essential for those patients. Partially supported by Varian research grant.
Localization for the Anderson model on a strip with singular potentials

Abstract We prove exponential localization in the Anderson model on a one-dimensional strip for any potential whose probability distribution is not concentrated on a single point and possesses some finite moment. In particular, we obtain localization for Bernoulli potentials on a strip.
Anatomy of a Performance: Sources of Musical Expression

Research on music performance often assumes that a performer9s intention to emphasize musical structure as specified in a score accounts for most musical expression. Relatively unstudied sources of expression in performance include notational variants of compositional scores, performer-specific aspects, and the cultural norms of a particular idiom, including both stylistic patterns that exist across musical works and expectations that arise from a particular musical context. A case study of an expert performance of a Mozart piano sonata is presented in which influences of historical interpretations of scores, performer-specific treatments of ornamentation and pedaling, and music- theoretic notions of melodic expectancy and tension-relaxation are revealed. Patterns of organization internal to the performance expression transcended the coarsegrained information given in scores, suggesting that performance is a better starting point than a musical score for testing theories of many musical behaviors.
The Racemization Reaction of Isoleucine used as a Palaeotemperature Indicator

IT has been shown that the slow racemization reaction of amino-acids can be used in geochronology1–4. One reaction of particular interest is that involving isoleucine. The racemization of L-isoleucine (iso) produces the non-protein amino-acid D-alloisoleucine (alleu), and these two can be separated on an automatic amino-acid analyser. The isoleucine racemization reaction in bone has a half-life at 20° C in excess of 100,000 years and preliminary evidence suggests that the reaction can be used to date fossil bones too old to be dated by radiocarbon4.
Evaluation of cartilage degeneration in a rat model of rotator cuff tear arthropathy

Background and hypothesis Rotator cuff tears are the most common injury seen by shoulder surgeons. Glenohumeral osteoarthritis develops in many late-stage rotator cuff tear patients as a result of torn cuff tendons, termed “cuff tear arthropathy.” However, the mechanisms of cuff tear arthropathy have not been fully established. It has been hypothesized that a combination of synovial and mechanical factors contribute equally to the development of cuff tear arthropathy. The goal of this study was to assess the utility of this model in investigating cuff tear arthropathy. Materials and methods We used a rat model that accurately reflects rotator cuff muscle degradation after massive rotator cuff tears through either infraspinatus and supraspinatus tenotomy or suprascapular nerve transection. Using a modified Mankin scoring system, we found significant glenohumeral cartilage damage after both rotator cuff tenotomy and suprascapular nerve transection after only 12 weeks. Results Cartilage degeneration was similar between groups and was present on both the humeral head and the glenoid. Denervation of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles without opening the joint capsule caused cartilage degeneration similar to that found in the tendon transection group. Conclusions Our results suggest that altered mechanical loading after rotator cuff tears is the primary factor in cartilage degeneration after rotator cuff tears. Clinically, understanding the process of cartilage degeneration after rotator cuff injury will help guide treatment decisions in the setting of rotator cuff tears.
918 SELECTIVE PARENCHYMAL GROWTH RETARDATION IN EXPERIMENTAL OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS

Puncture of the fetal membranes was performed on rat fetuses during the last third of gestation; the puncture was considered adequate when withdrawal of the needle was followed by continued leakage of amniotic fluid. All animals (n=54) were allowed to develop until term and were delivered abdominally, the littermates serving as controls (n=84). Weights and measurements of the fetus, placenta and various organs were recorded. Total lung DNA, RNA and protein were determined in 14 treated and control animals. The length of the umbilical cord was markedly reduced in the experimental group, (p<0.001). Lung weight and lung/body ratio were lower in he treated animals, (P<0.001). Total lung DNA was significantly less in the treated animals, confirming lung hypoplasia. RNA/DNA and protein/DNA ratios were not affected, indicating that cell size remained constant. The pathogenetic mechanism leading to hypoplasia appears different from that observed in models of utero-placental insufficiency since the brain/liver ratio was not affected. The same pattern of selective parenchymal growth retardation was noted in 7 newborn infants with documented oligohydramnios. In addition, congenital deformities resembling those seen in infants born after prolonged oligohydramnios were noted in the treated animals. This model should prove useful to clarify the pathogenesis of the oligohydramnios syndrome and lung hypoplasia, and to study the kinetics of lung catch-up growth.
Isolated bilateral T-cell renal lymphoblastic lymphoma

A 3-year-old girl presented with bilateral renal masses. The histologic diagnosis was lymphoblastic lymphoma. Cell surface markers showed a cytotoxic/suppressor T cell phenotype. The patient was treated with APO therapy. She has remained continuously disease-free for 30 months and has been off all therapy for 6 months. This rare case supports the value of precise classification (by histologic and immunologic methods) as a guide to appropriate tumor therapy.
Swimming characterization of Serratia marcescens for bio-hybrid micro-robotics

The last decade has seen remarkable growth in the development of bio-hybrid micron-scale systems, which combine bacteria, tissue, and other biological material with synthetic components to produce uniquely capable devices. Serratia marcescens, a gram-negative bacteria, has many characteristics useful for bio-hybrid systems, including natural adhesiveness, high motility, and ease of cultivation. In light of the utility of the bacterium S. marcescens as a component of bio-hybrid microsystems, we characterize the motility of the species in a fashion useful for those developing such microdevices. The species also provides a complementary platform for studying attributes of flagellated bacteria motility which have thus far been primarily discussed in Escherichia coli. Using a three-dimensional multi-bacteria single-camera tracking system, we capture the trajectories of individual bacteria and calculate run speeds and tumble rates. The mean speed and tumble rate at room temperature are found to be 26 μm/s and 1.34 ± 0.16 tumbles/s, respectively. We characterize the relationship between motility and position on a growth plate and examine the effect of viscosity and temperature on bacterial motion. A linear relationship is found between speed and temperature proportional to that seen previously with E. coli. We also quantify the response of S. marcescens to the chemoattractant L-aspartate, with the strongest chemotactic response at a gradient of 10−4 M/mm. Finally, population scale measurements are compared to individual bacterial dynamics in a linear gradient and are used to validate a simple model of bacterial population dynamics under chemotaxis.
Human ancestors: Changing views of their behavior

Le point sur les controverses concernant le comportement des premiers hominides, en particulier l'interpretation des assemblages de faune de Koobi Fora, Olduvai, Klasies River Mouth, etc : traces de boucherie, desarticulation de la viande et pratique du partage, pratique ou non du charognage, place de la chasse dans la strategie de subsistance. L'apport de l'etude de la faune de sites du Paleolithique inferieur et moyen d'Europe
Gamma-ray bursts: A supernova connection

Long γ-ray bursts are associated with core-collapse supernovae. The connection reveals a rich and diverse continuum of explosions, in which the energy is partitioned between relativistic and non-relativistic flows.
Design and use of a proton pump inhibitor case to integrate physiology, pharmacology, and biochemistry

the use of drugs to integrate basic and clinical sciences is frequently used in a lecture format, but the availability of alternative pedagogical approaches that address higher-order learning are not widely available. The use of case studies and case-based projects to reinforce lectures can help
An essay on time and the phenomenology of imprisonment

Social philosophy and sociological theory have determined time to be central to human reality. In particular, phenomenolo‐gists have argued that space and time is essential to human being. Thus, alterations in the nature of experienced time are significant areas for sociological investigation. One such case is present in the experience of imprisonment. The structure of time in prison is very different from that of everyday life. Prison time is, most importantly, futureless. Prisoners have developed several ways of adjusting to, and even resisting, the unique nature of prison time. These include, most consequentially the use of reverie. None, however, completely avoids the dehumanizing affects of the prison life‐world.
Polarographic characteristics of human albumin, gamma globulin, ceruloplasmin and transferrin.

SummaryThe polarographic characteristics of pure protein fractions appear to be specific in nature. These techniques therefore could be utilized as useful tools for studying normal and abnormal serum proteins.
Tyrosine kinase activation in LPS stimulated rat kupffer cells

Kupffer cells, a majority of the body's fixed macrophages, are a major site of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) metabolism and are mediators in the body's response to sepsis. Uptake of LPS is different in Kupffer cells than other macrophages. Signal transduction in other macrophages in response to LPS involves phosphorylation of proteins in the 50–60 kDa range. We hypothesized that Kupffer cells may have unique signal transduction pathways in response to LPS. Rat Kupffer cells were exposed to LPS (1 μg/mL) for varying times ranging from 15 to 90 min. Cell lysates were Western blotted using an anti-phosphotyrosine antibody. The blots showed an increase in the amount of tyrosine phosphorylation on two proteins of 119 kDa and 83 kDa. The effects of varying LPS concentration (1 ng/mL-1 μg/mL) showed an increasing amount of phosphorylation with increasing LPS concentration. To associate the importance of tyrosine phosphorylation in the response of Kupffer cells to LPS, the tyrosine kinase inhibitors, tyrphostin, lavendustin, and genisten were used to study the effects of inhibiting phosphorylation on TNF-α production. Kupffer cells were preincubated in the presence of the inhibitor and exposed to LPS (1 μg/mL). TNF-α was measured in the conditioned media by ELISA. A 70% or greater decrease in TNF-α production was observed. When phagocytosis of latex beads by rat Kupffer cells was measured in vivo using intravital video microscopy, LPS treatment significantly increased uptake. This increase in phagocytosis was inhibited by tyrphostin. These results show what may be unique phosphorylation events in Kupffer cells that are related to LPS induced production of TNF-α.
Surface generation and detection of phonons by picosecond light pulses.

We report experiments in which picosecond light pulses are used to generate and detect very short stress pulses (coherent longitudinal phonons). We present a theory of the generation process, and describe how the spatial shape of the stress pulse is related to the optical, electronic, and acoustical properties of the material. The stress pulses are detected through a measurement of the changes they induce in the optical reflectivity of the sample surface. We describe the theory of this effect. We present experimental results we have obtained for a-${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$, a-Ge, a-${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$, and Ni.
Performance evolution of the X-ray Imaging Spectrometers aboard the Suzaku X-ray astronomy satellite

We summarize the evolution of the performance of the X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS) aboard the Suzaku X-ray Astronomy Satellite. Changes due to the orbital environment and updated operating conditions are discussed.