cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Suction Test: A Novel Technique to Identify and Verify Successful Repair of Peripheral Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tears

Background The diagnoses of peripheral triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tears continue to be the subject of numerous investigations. Case Description We describe a novel arthroscopic technique that may be used as an adjunct with other arthroscopic maneuvers to diagnose and confirm repair of peripheral sided TFCC injuries. Literature Review The hook and trampoline tests are intraoperative techniques to diagnose TFCC tears. Clinical Relevance The suction test provides a means to detect peripheral tears and to confirm restoration of its tension post repair.
Promoting Development in the Canadian North

More than two decades ago, Orvik (1976) argued that the Canadian north was confronted with complex problems and that a general theory of Northern Canadian development was required to adequately address them. While Orvik may have made a remarkable appeal for a general theory to deal with northern Canadian problems, the region remains confronted with insurmountable human and physical issues associated with living in Artic and sub-Artic environments. While several top-down development initiatives, including housing (Chislett et al. 1987), the Eskimo Loan Fund, and the Northwest Territories Small Business Loan Fund, were implemented to solve these problems, the settlement of modern treaties in the Canadian north within the last three decades represents an example of the bottom-up approach to development. This chapter examines modern treaties within the context of the bottom-up approach to solving economic and social problems in the Canadian north.
Changing Institutional Preferences for Stocks: Direct and Indirect Evidence

Institutional investors have rapidly increased their percentage holdings of US equities in recent years. In this paper we update previous research on the nature of institutional stock ownership, extending the evidence by eleven years to the end of 2008. In contrast to previous research, we find that institutions, and particularly hedge funds, have increased their holdings of smaller stocks and decreased their holdings of larger stocks over this period. Institutions as a whole now underweight the largest stocks and overweight the smallest stocks relative to market weights. We then compare the direct evidence of changing institutional preferences to the indirect evidence from a four-factor model.
A deep convolutional neural network to analyze position averaged convergent beam electron diffraction patterns.

We establish a series of deep convolutional neural networks to automatically analyze position averaged convergent beam electron diffraction patterns. The networks first calibrate the zero-order disk size, center position, and rotation without the need for pretreating the data. With the aligned data, additional networks then measure the sample thickness and tilt. The performance of the network is explored as a function of a variety of variables including thickness, tilt, and dose. A methodology to explore the response of the neural network to various pattern features is also presented. Processing patterns at a rate of ∼ 0.1 s/pattern, the network is shown to be orders of magnitude faster than a brute force method while maintaining accuracy. The approach is thus suitable for automatically processing big, 4D STEM data. We also discuss the generality of the method to other materials/orientations as well as a hybrid approach that combines the features of the neural network with least squares fitting for even more robust analysis. The source code is available at https://github.com/subangstrom/DeepDiffraction.
Gastrointestinal Helminths of the Skink, Lobulia brongersmai (Squamata: Scincidae) from Papua New Guinea

ABSTRACT: Twenty-eight representatives of the scincid lizard Lobulia brongersmai from Papua New Guinea were examined for gastrointestinal helminths. One species of Digenea, Saurokoilophilia kinsellai, and two species of Nematoda, Parapharyngodon maplestoni and Skrjabinodon sheai, were found. Skrjabinodon sheai had the highest prevalence (18%) and the greatest number of helminths (n = 15), range = 1–6. Lobulia brongersmai is infected by generalist helminths that have been reported from other species. Three new host records are reported.
Identity Crisis for Regenerative Cardiac cKit+ Cells

The concept that cardiac-derived cKit+ cells can regenerate the injured adult heart by transdifferentiating into functioning cardiomyocytes was proposed 14 years ago although it remains controversial because of negative data from multiple independent laboratories. Irreproducibility of cardiac cKit+ cell studies was attributed to the differences in cell isolation, selection, and expansion before in vivo application. This Viewpoint will discuss recent results that again change the formula for how cardiac cKit+ cells must be isolated and processed to be cardiomyogenic, as well as discuss the uncertain in vivo relevance of cKit+ cells as putative cardiomyocyte-producing stem cells. The regenerative and myogenic potential of cKit+ cardiac-resident stem cells (CSCs) remains a dominant and contentious topic. In vitro expanded cKit+ CSCs were originally described 14 years ago as a source for robust new myocyte generation when injected directly into the adult rodent heart after myocardial infarction,1 and although some laboratories have confirmed the basic principle, the magnitude of the effect remains unclear.2 More recently, Ellison et al3 showed that a clonal cKit+ cell line derived from a population of cardiac CD45− cKit+ cells was capable of widely regenerating isoproterenol-injured adult rodent hearts with abundant new cardiomyocytes, after simple tail vein infusion. However, many independent laboratories reported that adult cardiac-derived cKit+ cells did not generate appreciable new cardiomyocytes when directly injected back into the injured rat or mouse heart.4–7 In addition to controversies surrounding the regenerative potential of injected cKit+ cell formulations, until recently the field has not attempted to directly address if endogenous cardiac cKit+ cells are true cardiomyocyte producing stem cells of meaningful significance.8 …
Break Scrub to Take That Phone Call

Background The American College of Surgeons reports that 60% of the hundreds of thousands of surgical site infections occurring annually are preventable. The practice of surgeons taking phone calls while remaining sterile in the operating field is often accomplished by interposing a sterile disposable towel between the phone and their glove. After completing the call, surgeons resume operating. The purpose of our study was to test the conceptual idea of whether bacteria transmit from an inanimate object, such as a telephone, to the gloves of a surgeon through a sterile disposable towel. Study design Glo Germ (Glo Germ Co), an ultraviolet light-enhanced particle powder sized to mimic bacteria, was placed on an inanimate surface and held with a sterile disposable operating room towel covering a sterile surgical glove. The glove was then inspected for Glo Germ using an ultraviolet light. Additionally, 18 operating room telephones were cultured and then held with a Sterile Disposable OR Towel (Medline Industries Inc) covering a sterile surgical glove. The surgical gloves were then cultured to determine if bacteria had transmitted from the telephone through the towel and onto the sterile glove. Results The Glo Germ powder readily transmitted through the towel to the gloves. Median colony-forming units (CFU) on the cultured telephones for the 17 samples was 10, ranging from 1 to 35 CFUs. Of these 17 samples, 47% had transmission from the telephone to the glove, which was significantly greater than 0% (95% CI 26% to 69%, p Conclusions Sterile disposable operating room towels do not provide an effective barrier between bacteria present on operating room telephones and the otherwise sterile gloves of a surgeon.
A Transactional Perspective on a Consulting Practice

In this chapter, we provide a case study of the partnered occupation (job) of two state-level special education consultants with a wide-angle perspective, explicating the transactional nature of their work. We review the history of the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction (NCDPI) occupational and physical therapy consultant positions and the policies that shape the context of their work, including federal and state special education, civil rights, licensure, and funding regulations. Further, we present perspectives of key stakeholders to demonstrate the manner in which a transactional perspective on practice provides a rich and holistic understanding of its totality. From these accounts, we conclude that the consultants perpetually coordinate elements of a situation—with all the constraints of law, economics, logistics, and personalities—through different tasks within complex, problematic situations. The functional coordination of this work through action and learning illustrate the essence of transactional experience.
Oriented projective geometry with Clifford algebra

Classical projective geometry can be efficiently formulated using the Clifford-algebra based “geometric algebra” developed by Hestenes and Sobczyk. In this formulation, points, lines, planes, etc. in a projective space P n−1 are represented by equivalence classes of vectors, bivectors, trivectors, etc. in the Clifford algebra Cln. Two k-blades A and B are in the same equivalence class iff AB = A · B ; that is, iff A and B differ by a scalar factor. We show that if the notion of equivalence is restricted, so that two blades of the same grade are equivalent iff they differ by a positive scalar factor, then the geometric objects represented inherit an orientation and provide the building blocks for oriented projective spaces. Projective concepts such as meet, join, duality, and collineation can be extended to such spaces, while new features, such as relative orientation, give these spaces a much richer structure with many important applications. Examples of computations using CLICAL are provided.
Dynamical Symmetry and String Theory

Dynamical symmetries and spectrum genererating algebras have found applications in many branches of physics. Franco Iachello has championed their applications in Nuclear Physics and has explored several other areas of physics by using ingenious schemes. One of the most effective methods for constructing solvable models of string theory can be viewed in the same light. The so called coset method for affine (KacMoody) algebras is, in fact, a “dynamical symmetry” in the spirit of Iachello’s work. After describing the method, I show how to use it to construct models of strings propagating in curved spacetime. Furthermore, as is known from Iachello’s work in Nuclear Physics, there is a relation between the geometry of the nucleus and the dynamical symmetry chain. Similarly in string theory there is an explicit relation between the geometry of spacetime and the algebraic coset chain, as I describe in this paper.
Soybean Genome Organization: Evolution of a Legume Genome

The Leguminosae contains approximately 650 genera and over 18,000 species, making it the third largest family of flowering plants (Polhill and Raven, 1981). Of the three subfamilies, the Papilionoideae is the largest and includes the most diverse and economically important legumes. The soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) is the most agronomically important member of this group.
Reference genes for accurate normalization of gene expression in wood-decomposing fungi

Abstract Wood-decomposing fungi efficiently decompose plant lignocellulose, and there is increasing interest in characterizing and perhaps harnessing the fungal gene regulation strategies that enable wood decomposition. Proper interpretation of these fungal mechanisms relies on accurate quantification of gene expression, demanding reliable internal control genes (ICGs) as references. Commonly used ICGs such as actin, however, fluctuate among wood-decomposing fungi under defined conditions. In this study, by mining RNA-seq data in silico and validating ICGs in vitro using qRT-PCR, we targeted more reliable ICGs for studying transcriptional responses in wood-decomposing fungi, particularly responses to changing environments (e.g., carbon sources, decomposition stages) in various culture conditions. Using the model brown rot fungus Postia placenta in a first-pass study, our mining efforts yielded 15 constitutively-expressed genes robust in variable carbon sources (e.g., no carbon, glucose, cellobiose, aspen) and cultivation stages (e.g., 15 h, 72 h) in submerged cultures. Of these, we found 7 genes as most suitable ICGs. Expression stabilities of these newly selected ICGs were better than commonly used ICGs, analyzed by NormFinder algorithm and qRT-PCR. In a second-pass, multi-species study in solid wood, our RNA-seq mining efforts revealed hundreds of highly constitutively expressed genes among four wood-decomposing fungi with varying nutritional modes (brown rot, white rot), including a shared core set of ICGs numbering 11 genes. Together, the newly selected ICGs highlighted here will increase reliability when studying gene regulatory mechanisms of wood-decomposing fungi.
Love Is Not Enough

Artists, authors, and songwriters regard love as the key feature of adult family life in Western civilization (Swidler, 1980). “Love” was present in the family identity responses as a word that described the feelings of adults for their spouses and children. When the word was used, though, it was never defined further. The respondents took it as a given that love was a definition sufficient unto itself.
Hardware and Software for Learning IoT Technologies

This paper describes the design and implementation of a junior and senior undergraduate course studying technologies used in the Internet of Things. It uses Flipped Learning and Problem-Based Learning approaches to structure student learning with many opportunities for practice and self-directed study in a collaborative environment. The course was divided into two modules.The first was a series of small projects to gain experience with Linux-based embedded systems, shell scripting and command lines, and the Python programming language. The second was an all-course project to build a wireless sensor network from the ground up. Sub-groups of students were responsible for each major aspect of the network including the sensing nodes, communications protocols, wireless transmission, and data collection servers.
Comparison of routine pelvic US and MR imaging in patients with pathologically confirmed endometriosis

To estimate the benefit of pelvic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging after routine pelvic ultrasound (US) in patients with pathologically or surgically proven endometriosis. Patients with surgically or pathologically proven endometriosis who had routine pelvic US followed by pelvic MR within 6 months prior to surgery were included. Patients were excluded if they had previously confirmed endometriosis, pregnancy, or surgery > 6 months after MR. The detection rate of endometriosis by pelvic US and MR was compared to the surgical/pathological reference standard. 83 female patients (mean age 40 ± 9) met inclusion criteria and had surgical/pathological confirmation of endometriosis. The mean time interval between pelvic US and MR was 33 ± 43 days, with 64 ± 69 days between MR examination and surgery. US detected endometriosis in 22% (18/83) of patients compared to 61% (51/83) for MR (p < 0.0001). 51% (33/65) of patients with a negative pelvic US exam had a positive MR. MR identified additional sites or sequela in the majority of patients with a positive US (14/18; 78%), including extraovarian locations [e.g., fallopian tubes 7/18 (39%), uterus 7/18 (39%), uterine ligaments 6/18 (33%), posterior cul de sac 5/18 (28%), pelvic side walls 5/18 (28%), abdominal wall 1/18 (6%)] and sequela [ovarian tethering 5/18 (28%), 6/18 (33%) bowel adhesive disease, posterior cul de sac obliteration 2/18 (11%), hydrosalpinx 2/18 (11%), and hydronephrosis 1/18 (6%)]. 3 T MR detected endometriosis in 33/46 (72%) patients compared to 18/37 (49%) for 1.5 T MR (p = 0.03). Pelvic MR imaging had a higher detection rate of surgically/pathologically proven endometriosis and provides more information about disease location and sequela compared to routine pelvic US.
Success Rates of Recovering Teeth and Infant-Sized Bones Dispersed among Leaf Litter

Previous research (Pokines et al. 2018) examined the success rates of search through leaf litter for older juvenile- to adult-sized bones in a New England forest environment. Individual element size class had a significant effect upon recovery rate. Using the same experimental conditions, the present research examined the recovery rates for infant-sized bones and adult-sized teeth. Ten simulated outdoor scenes were sown with dispersed, skeletonized, infant-sized pig (Sus scrofa) bones of different types and pig teeth comparable in size to adult human. Processing was executed through a hand-and-knee crawl while picking through and collecting all leaf litter by hand and then emptying it onto a tarp, where the effects of searching the same leaf litter twice were examined. Recovery rates from primary search ranged from 62.4% to 74.7% per trial with an overall rate of 68.8%, which was significantly lower than the overall recovery rate of 76.7% for the previous research. Secondary search recovered an additional 17.9% of bone, leading to an overall recovery rate of 86.7%. Teeth were recovered through primary search at an overall rate of 38.0%, with an additional 12.0% recovered through secondary search. Significant differences in recovery rate for the infant-sized remains based upon bone size were noted. Forensic archaeologists are cautioned that full recovery cannot be assumed in these situations. Careful primary searching by hand combined with secondary searching may mitigate the loss of evidence in some situations and should be considered for forensic search protocols, especially where infant skeletal remains are suspected to be present.
Do PCAOB Inspections of Foreign Auditors Improve Global Financial Reporting Comparability

This study investigates whether PCAOB inspections of foreign auditors affect global financial reporting comparability. Foreign auditors may adjust audit methodologies to address PCAOB inspection findings, which could affect financial reporting of local clients. Exploiting both within- and cross-country variation in PCAOB inspections, we predict and find that non-US-listed foreign companies’ financial reporting becomes more comparable to their US and non-US industry peers after their auditors undergo an initial inspection. However, there is a decrease in comparability compared to local peers whose auditors have not been inspected. Subsample tests suggest that the improvement in comparability is driven by (i) auditors that satisfactorily address deficiencies and (ii) auditors that do not publicly push back against deficiencies. The effects are dampened after local audit regulators begin inspection programs. Overall, our evidence suggests that the PCAOB international inspection program affects audit methodologies of inspected auditors in a consistent way, improving comparability across jurisdictions. The improved comparability implies that the PCAOB international inspection program may unintentionally help meet accounting regulators’ goals of cross-country financial reporting convergence, which potentially promotes efficient cross-country capital allocation.
Ferrofluid transformer-based tilt sensor

This paper investigates utilizing ferrofluid in a novel design for a tilt sensor. Ferrofluid is becoming widely used in various fields such as sealing, heat transfer and damping, and its popularity is increasing due to its ability to function as both a fluid and a magnetized substance. The proposed sensor design employs the movement of an excited ferrofluid through a transformer setup which detects the induced voltage in a sensing coil due to tilting of the device. The movement of the ferrofluid is caused by the mechanical force created by the swinging of a non-magnetic mass. As the device tilts, it causes the mass to swing in the direction of tilt. The mass is attached directly to a flexible tube containing ferrofluid and pulls the tube through a set of rollers, squeezing the ferrofluid towards the sensing coil. The voltage readings in the sensing coil are used to determine the tilt angle of the device. The device varies from previous designs by incorporating the mechanical force exerted to the ferrofluid from rollers due to titling of the mass. This mechanical force helps overcome the attraction force between the excited coil and the ferrofluid. The device was fabricated and characterized within the range of 0°–70° angle of tilt. The leakage of the ferrofluid through the gap between the rollers was evaluated and no sign of a leakage was observed.
Institutions Share Successes, Failures, and Advice in Moving the Diversity Needle

Five institutions awarded grants by the Hopper-Dean foundation to develop interventions that would advance diversity in computer science will present their initiatives and results. This panel will allow them to share what was successful, what was challenging or did not work, and how the lessons they learned are applicable to all institutions, small and large.
Bolometric Bond Albedo and Thermal Inertia Maps of Mimas.

Abstract In 2011 a thermally anomalous region was discovered on Mimas, Saturn's innermost major icy satellite ( Howett et al., 2011 ). The anomalous region is a lens-like shape located at low latitudes on Mimas' leading hemisphere. It manifests as a region with warmer nighttime temperatures, and cooler daytime ones than its surroundings. The thermally anomalous region is spatially correlated with a darkening in Mimas' IR/UV surface color ( Schenk et al., 2011 ) and the region preferentially bombarded by high-energy electrons ( Paranicas et al., 2012 , Paranicas et al., 2014 ; Nordheim et al., 2017 ). We use data from Cassini's Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) to map Mimas' surface temperatures and its thermophysical properties. This provides a dramatic improvement on the work in Howett et al. (2011) , where the values were determined at only two regions on Mimas (one inside, and another outside of the anomalous region). We use all spatially-resolved scans made by CIRS' focal plane 3 (FP3, 600 to 1100 cm−1) of Mimas' surface, which are largely daytime observations but do include one nighttime one. The resulting temperature maps confirm the presence and location of Mimas' previously discovered thermally anomalous region. No other thermally anomalous regions were discovered, although we note that the surface coverage is incomplete on Mimas' leading and anti-Saturn hemisphere. The thermal inertia map confirms that the anomalous region has a notably higher thermal inertia than its surroundings: 98 ± 42 J m−2 K−1 s-1/2 inside of the anomaly, compared to 34 ± 32 J m−2 K−1 s-1/2 outside. The albedo inside and outside of the anomalous region agrees within their uncertainty: 0.45 ± 0.08 inside compared to 0.41 ± 0.07 outside the anomaly. Interestingly the albedo appears brighter inside the anomaly region, which may not be surprising given this region does appear brighter at some UV wavelengths (0.338 μm, see Schenk et al., 2011 ). However, this result should be treated with caution because, as previously stated, statistically the albedo of these two regions is the same when their uncertainties are considered. These thermal inertia and albedo values determined here are consistent with those found by Howett et al. (2011) , who determined the thermal inertia inside the anomaly to be 66 ± 23 J m−2 K−1 s-1/2 and
The emergent field of high entropy oxides: Design, prospects, challenges, and opportunities for tailoring material properties

A new class of ceramics, called entropy stabilized oxides, High Entropy Oxides (HEOs), multicomponent oxides, compositionally complex oxides, or polycation oxides, has generated considerable research interest since the first report in 2015. This multicomponent approach has created new opportunities for materials design and discovery. This Perspective will highlight some current research developments and possible applications while also providing an overview of the many successfully synthesized HEO systems to date. The polycation approach to composition development will be discussed along with a few case studies, challenges, and future possibilities afforded by this novel class of materials.
Optimization on Load Compensation of Generators Excitation Systems Considering Voltage Stability Margin

To attain the optimal load compensations for excitation systems, this paper proposes an optimization model considering voltage stability margin constraints. The proposed model establishes a 1-norm objective function for minimizing the correction of the reference voltage. The relationship between reactive output power, voltage, and load compensation is analytically expressed based on the characteristic simulation that generator fails to maintain reference voltage under the limitation of reactive power capability. Since it is a typical non-linear programming model, the proposed model is solved successfully by the interior point method. Simulations on the WSCC 3-machine 9bus system, IEEE 10-machine 39-bus system, and two large systems show the proposed model with the careful consideration for the practical requirement of voltage stability and damping control have high computing efficiency and application prospect.
Computational and systems biology of cancer

Ever since the war on cancer was declared in 1971, there has been an explosion in our understanding of this diverse group of diseases. The application of molecular genetics and molecular biology technologies have enabled a deep understanding of the genetic, epigenetic, signaling cascades, survival pathways, and invasive mechanisms that underlie the cancer phenotype. Concomitantly this has translated in the development of ever more effective and safe medications that work through different mechanisms of action and target fundamental aspects of the biology of the tumor. The paradigm has been chronic myeloid leukemia where the discovery of the Philadelphia chromosome, ultimately led to the identification of the BCR-ABL oncogene and the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib and others and lead to rapid, deep and long-lasting remissions in this disease. Another success story has been acute promyelocytic leukemia with the vast majority of patients now being cured of the disease without the need for any classical chemotherapy.
Synthesizing Precise and Useful Commutativity Conditions

Reasoning about commutativity between data-structure operations is an important problem with many applications. In the sequential setting, commutativity can be used to reason about the correctness of refactoring, compiler transformations, and identify instances of non-determinism. In parallel contexts, commutativity dates back to the database (Weihl in IEEE Trans Comput 37(12):1488–1505, 1988) and compilers (Rinard and Diniz in ACM Trans Program Lang Syst 19(6):942–991, 1997) communities and, more recently, appears in optimistic parallelization (Herlihy and Koskinen in Proceedings of the 13th ACM SIGPLAN symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming, 2008), dynamic concurrency (Tripp et al. in Proceedings of the 33rd ACM SIGPLAN conference on programming language design and implementation, PLDI ’12, New York, NY, USA, ACM, pp 145–156, 2012; Dimitrov et al. in Proceedings of the 35th ACM SIGPLAN conference on programming language design and implementation, 2014), scalable systems (Clements et al. in ACM Trans Comput Syst 32(4):10, 2015) and even smart contracts (Dickerson et al. in Proceedings of the ACM symposium on principles of distributed computing, PODC ’17, New York, NY, USA, ACM, pp 303–312, 2017). There have been research results on automatic generation of commutativity conditions, yet we are unaware of any fully automated technique to generate conditions that are both sound and effective. We have designed such a technique, driven by an algorithm that iteratively refines a conservative approximation of the commutativity (and non-commutativity) condition for a pair of methods into an increasingly precise version. The algorithm terminates if/when the entire state space has been considered, and can be aborted at any time to obtain a partial yet sound commutativity condition. We have generalized our work to left-/right-movers (Lipton in Commun ACM 8(12):717–721, 1975) and proved relative completeness. We describe aspects of our technique that lead to useful commutativity conditions, including how predicates are selected during refinement and heuristics that impact the output shape of the condition. We have implemented our technique in a prototype open-source tool Servois. Our algorithm produces quantifier-free queries that are dispatched to a back-end SMT solver. We evaluate Servois first by synthesizing commutativity conditions for a range of data structures including Set, HashTable, Accumulator, Counter, and Stack. We then show several applications of our work including reasoning about memories and locks, finding vulnerabilities in Ethereum smart contracts, improving transactional memory performance, distributed applications, code refactoring, verification, and synthesis.
Structure Based Drug Design towards Exploring Potential Anti-Psychotic and Anti-Depressant Activity of Possible Stiff Base of Psilocybin

One among four people in the world are affected by mental or neurological illness at some point of their lives. An estimated number of 450 million people suffers from neurological disorders of one or the other type making mental disorders as the leading cause for disability across the globe. Under psychosis and depression maintenance therapy drug acting on Dopamine (D2) and 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor (5HT2R) respectively are used in clinical practices. Our study is to design several series of novel chemical entity based on scaffold of psychedelic prodrug i.e. psilocybin. As protein-ligand interactions play a key role in structure based drug design, by using molecular docking, we screened 9 hypothetical inhibitors and investigated their binding affinity against D2 and 5HT2R. We have performed homology modelling to predict 3D structure and build a templet using FASTA sequence of amino acid D2 and 5-HT2 receptor using UniProt database (accession number: P14416 & P28223) and swiss-modeller. In this investigation we performed molecular docking and molecular dynamic study using AutoDock software on their respective grid pocket. Several physicochemical description, pharmacokinetic properties, toxicity, and drug-likeness score with respective 9 hypothetical inhibitors were access using QikProp software, molispiration and OSIRIS property explorer web server. The docking results were evaluated based on free energies of binding (ΔG, kcal/mol) and the results suggested that all the 9 hypothetical chemical entity to be potent inhibitor of D2 and 5HT2R. All the hypothetical inhibitors respect the Lipinski's rule of five. Based on these observations, we firmly believe that the stiff base of psilocybin could aid in efficient anti-psychotic and anti-depressants in drug design.
Trust in experts, not trust in national leadership, leads to greater uptake of recommended actions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Evidence suggests that people vary in their desire to undertake protective actions during a health emergency, and that trust in authorities may influence decision making. We sought to examine how the trust in health experts and trust in White House leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic impacts individuals' decisions to adopt recommended protective actions such as mask-wearing. A mediation analysis was conducted using cross-sectional U.S. survey data collected between March 27 and 30, 2020, to elucidate how individuals' trust in health experts and White House leadership, their perceptions of susceptibility and severity to COVID-19, and perceived benefits of protecting against COVID-19, influenced their uptake of recommended protective actions. Trust in health experts was associated with greater perceived severity of COVID-19 and benefits of taking action, which led to greater uptake of recommended actions. Trust in White House leadership was associated with lower perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 and was not associated with taking recommended actions. Having trust in health experts is a greater predictor of individuals' uptake of protective actions than having trust in White House leadership. Public health messaging should emphasize the severity of COVID-19 and the benefits of protecting oneself while ensuring consistency and transparency to regain trust in health experts.
Wet, Wacky, and Wobbly Without Hydrocephalus (P1.2-026)

Objective: Ataxia, incontinence, and confusion comprise Hakim’s triad of normal pressure hydrocephalus which results from dysfunction of the frontal periventricular white matter tracts. Here, we highlight a case consisting of the cardinal features of Hakim’s triad due to a vastly different etiology. Background: A 48-year-old man with no history of head trauma or significant medical comorbidities presented to the emergency department with a 3-month history of progressive ataxia, urinary incontinence, and confusion. Design/Methods: NA Results: Head CT showed hyperattenuation adjacent to the falx cerebri, interpreted as possible subdural hemorrhage with surrounding cerebral edema. Subsequent MRI revealed hypertrophic pachymeningeal enhancement of the entire falx cerebri, with extensive edema of the surrounding frontal white matter. MRI studies of the cervical and thoracic spine were normal. Serum studies revealed elevated IgG4 titers, myeloperoxidase-ANCA titers, and anti-centromere antibodies. CSF studies revealed elevated protein. Meningeal biopsy was nondiagnostic. The patient was diagnosed with a focal autoimmune hypertrophic pachymeningitis. He was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone followed by a maintenance dose of oral prednisone. Symptoms resolved within 3 weeks. MRI performed at 7 weeks demonstrated interval decrease in nodular enhancement of the falx and resolution of white matter edema. Conclusions: We report a case of combined IgG4- and myeloperoxidase-ANCA-related hypertrophic pachymeningitis confined to the falx cerebri presenting with insidious-onset ataxic gait, incontinence, and confusion, responsive to corticosteroid therapy. Hypertrophic pachymeningitis is a rare inflammatory disorder involving thickening of intracranial or spinal dura mater. Although it most commonly presents as isolated headache, focal neurologic deficits have known to occur depending on the location of meningeal inflammation. This was highlighted in our patient by dysfunction of sacral motor fibers in the parafalcine white matter and the cingulate gyrus. A high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose this underrecognized, potentially life-threatening, but treatable immune-mediated condition. Disclosure: Dr. Hung has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fandel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Desai has nothing to disclose.
A case of fatal paralytic shellfish poisoning in Alaska.

Paralytic shellfish poisoning in Alaska is common and results from the consumption of dinoflagellate contaminated marine species. Coastlines are routinely monitored for Saxitoxin (SXT) and SXT anal...
Generation of 3D cellular spheroids using DNA modified cell receptors and programmable DNA interactions.

3D culture is known to provide more faithful tissue models than 2D culture, and thus it is a valuable tool for in vitro evaluation of biological models. However, many cell lines are unable to form desired 3D spheroids by traditional methods because the naturally occurring cell–cell adhesion is too weak. Here, we present a method to produce 3D cell spheroids by using DNA-mediated assembly. We first demonstrate an Affinity Mediated Photoconjugation Approach (AMCP) to covalently modify cell receptors with affibody–streptavidin fusion proteins, where the affibody chemically crosslinks to cell expressed EGFR and the streptavidin is used to attach DNA strands. The DNA conjugated cells were then mixed with complementary DNA ‘linker strands’ to impart cell–cell interactions. When incubated in wells coated with non-adhesive polymers, cells formed dense spherical aggregates larger than 500 microns in diameter. Each of these studies was carried out using human breast cancer cells (MBA-MB-468), aneuploid human keratinocytes (HaCaT), and human colon cancer cells (Caco-2). Without either DNA on the cells or in solution as linkers, no cell spheroids were observed. After 96 h of incubation, the cultured DNA assembled spheroids were found to be mechanically stable enough to be handled easily for further analysis and confocal imaging. The findings suggest that the proposed DNA assembly method can be considered as an attractive strategy for assembling cells into stable spheroids.
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor - reactive oxygen signaling domain regulates excitation-contraction coupling in atrial myocytes.

The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) is up-regulated in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and InsP3-induced Ca2+ release (IICR) is linked to pro-arrhythmic spontaneous Ca2+ release events. Nevertheless, knowledge of the physiological relevance and regulation of InsP3Rs in atrial muscle is still limited. We hypothesize that InsP3R and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) form a functional signaling domain where NOX2 derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate InsP3R agonist affinity and thereby Ca2+ release. To quantitate the contribution of IICR to atrial excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) atrial myocytes (AMs) were isolated from wild type and NOX2 deficient (Nox2-/-) mice and changes in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i; fluo-4/AM, indo-1) or ROS (2',7'-dichlorofluorescein, DCF) were monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Superfusion of AMs with Angiotensin II (AngII: 1 μmol/L) significantly increased diastolic [Ca2+]i (F/F0, Ctrl: 1.00 ± 0.01, AngII: 1.20 ± 0.03; n = 7; p < 0.05), the field stimulation induced Ca2+ transient (CaT) amplitude (ΔF/F0, Ctrl: 2.00 ± 0.17, AngII: 2.39 ± 0.22, n = 7; p < 0.05), and let to the occurrence of spontaneous increases in [Ca2+]i. These changes in [Ca2+]i were suppressed by the InsP3R blocker 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl-borate (2-APB; 1 μmol/L). Concomitantly, AngII induced an increase in ROS production that was sensitive to the NOX2 specific inhibitor gp91ds-tat (1 μmol/L). In NOX2-/- AMs, AngII failed to increase diastolic [Ca2+]i, CaT amplitude, and the frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ increases. Furthermore, the enhancement of CaTs by exposure to membrane permeant InsP3 was abolished by NOX inhibition with apocynin (1 μM). AngII induced IICR in Nox2-/- AMs could be restored by addition of exogenous ROS (tert-butyl hydroperoxide, tBHP: 5 μmol/L). In saponin permeabilized AMs InsP3 (5 μmol/L) induced Ca2+ sparks that increased in frequency in the presence of ROS (InsP3: 9.65 ± 1.44 sparks*s-1*(100μm)-1; InsP3 + tBHP: 10.77 ± 1.5 sparks*s-1*(100μm)-1; n = 5; p < 0.05). The combined effect of InsP3 + tBHP was entirely suppressed by 2-APB and Xestospongine C (XeC). Changes in IICR due to InsP3R glutathionylation induced by diamide could be reversed by the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT: 1 mmol/L) and prevented by pretreatment with 2-APB, supporting that the ROS-dependent post-translational modification of the InsP3R plays a role in the regulation of ECC. Our data demonstrate that in AMs the InsP3R is under dual control of agonist induced InsP3 and ROS formation and suggest that InsP3 and NOX2-derived ROS co-regulate atrial IICR and ECC in a defined InsP3R/NOX2 signaling domain.
Differential placental CpG methylation is associated with chronic lung disease of prematurity

BACKGROUND Chronic lung disease (CLD) is the most common pulmonary morbidity in extremely preterm infants. It is unclear to what extent prenatal exposures influence the risk of CLD. Epigenetic variation in placenta DNA methylation may be associated with differential risk of CLD, and these associations may be dependent upon sex. METHODS Data were obtained from a multi-center cohort of infants born extremely preterm (<28 weeks' gestation) and an epigenome-wide approach was used to identify associations between placental DNA methylation and CLD (n = 423). Associations were evaluated using robust linear regression adjusting for covariates, with a false discovery rate of 0.05. Analyses stratified by sex were used to assess differences in methylation-CLD associations. RESULTS CLD was associated with differential methylation at 49 CpG sites representing 46 genes in the placenta. CLD was associated with differential methylation of probes within genes related to pathways involved in fetal lung development, such as p53 signaling and myo-inositol biosynthesis. Associations between CpG methylation and CLD differed by sex. CONCLUSIONS Differential placental methylation within genes with key roles in fetal lung development may reflect complex cell signaling between the placenta and fetus which mediate CLD risk. These pathways appear to be distinct based on fetal sex. IMPACT In extremely preterm infants, differential methylation of CpG sites within placental genes involved in pathways related to cell signaling, oxidative stress, and trophoblast invasion is associated with chronic lung disease of prematurity. DNA methylation patterns associated with chronic lung disease were distinctly based on fetal sex, suggesting a potential mechanism underlying dimorphic phenotypes. Mechanisms related to fetal hypoxia and placental myo-inositol signaling may play a role in fetal lung programming and the developmental origins of chronic lung disease. Continued research of the relationship between the placental epigenome and chronic lung disease could inform efforts to ameliorate or prevent this condition.
Models of Nonlinear Growth

Models for nonlinear growth are not new, but have not been widely applied in the social and behavioral sciences. In this essay, we describe the fundamental issues relevant to choosing and using a nonlinear growth model. We discuss how researchers can go about choosing a model and then focus on the application of two specific nonlinear models: the fractional polynomial model and the piecewise model. We highlight recent work in reparameterization that allows researchers to choose models with parameters tailored specifically to research questions. We also review recent work on the topic of growth rates in nonlinear models that will allow researchers to obtain richer information from the application of nonlinear models. We conclude by pointing out some of the unresolved issues in the use of nonlinear growth models. Keywords: nonlinear growth; change over time; reparameterization; growth rates; fractional polynomial; rational function; piecewise; spline; rate of change
Statistical Learning in a Natural Language by 8-Month-Old Infants

Numerous studies over the past decade support the claim that infants are equipped with powerful statistical language learning mechanisms. The primary evidence for statistical language learning in word segmentation comes from studies using artificial languages, continuous streams of synthesized syllables that are highly simplified relative to real speech. To what extent can these conclusions be scaled up to natural language learning? In the current experiments, English-learning 8-month-old infants' ability to track transitional probabilities in fluent infant-directed Italian speech was tested (N = 72). The results suggest that infants are sensitive to transitional probability cues in unfamiliar natural language stimuli, and support the claim that statistical learning is sufficiently robust to support aspects of real-world language acquisition.
Superfluid effects at the onset of convection in 3 He-superfluid- 4 He mixtures

The equations of motion for convection in dilute3He-superfluid-4He mixtures are the same as those for convection in a conventional pure fluid with the addition of several correction terms. Fetter has considered, for a horizontally infinite layer with realistic boundary conditions, the effect of these corrections on the critical Rayleigh number,R c . The results are a perturbation expansion forR c to lowest order in three perturbation terms, e 1 , e 2 , e 3 . In order to make a comparison with recent precise experiments which have yieldedRc as a function of the layer heightd, we have carried out several calculations. First we show that the analysis can be recast as an expansion in inverse powers ofd2. We then carry out a complete expansion toO(d−6). Up toO(d−4), the expansion involves only the ratio (λ 0 /d) where λ 0 is a length scale which is intrinsic to superfluid mixtures. We consider the effect of the superfluid perturbations on both the critical Rayleigh numbers and wavevectors. These are shifted very little as long as λ 0 /d is small; the crossover from large to small occurs for λ 0 /d∼0.1. We also solve a simplified version of the stability problem which contains the dominant superfluid effect. The simplified problem is Hermitian, and is therefore amenable to an exact solution. A comparison with experimental data forR c and the simplified model shows excellent agreement with the calculations.
Behavioral scientists in dental research; a survey of publishing problems and prospects.

The Editors are pleased to present in the Summer Issue of this Journal a paper which deals with problems of publication.
Ultrastructural study of Helicobacter pylori adherence properties in gnotobiotic piglets.

Ultrastructural examination of gastric mucosa from Helicobacter pylori-infected gnotobiotic piglets identified four general adherence patterns comparable to those observed in human patients. Intimate associations between the bacterial and mucosal cell membranes, including cuplike invaginations and adherence pedestals, were present and were accompanied by alterations to microvilli and cell membrane morphology. Images
Solar wind interaction with the Martian upper atmosphere: Crustal field orientation, solar cycle, and seasonal variations

A comprehensive study of the solar wind interaction with the Martian upper atmosphere is presented. Three global models: the 3-D Mars multifluid Block Adaptive Tree Solar-wind Roe Upwind Scheme MHD code (MF-MHD), the 3-D Mars Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model (M-GITM), and the Mars exosphere Monte Carlo model Adaptive Mesh Particle Simulator (M-AMPS) were used in this study. These models are one-way coupled; i.e., the MF-MHD model uses the 3-D neutral inputs from M-GITM and the 3-D hot oxygen corona distribution from M-AMPS. By adopting this one-way coupling approach, the Martian upper atmosphere ion escape rates are investigated in detail with the combined variations of crustal field orientation, solar cycle, and Martian seasonal conditions. The calculated ion escape rates are compared with Mars Express observational data and show reasonable agreement. The variations in solar cycles and seasons can affect the ion loss by a factor of ∼3.3 and ∼1.3, respectively. The crustal magnetic field has a shielding effect to protect Mars from solar wind interaction, and this effect is the strongest for perihelion conditions, with the crustal field facing the Sun. Furthermore, the fraction of cold escaping heavy ionospheric molecular ions [( 2+ and/or 2+)/Total] are inversely proportional to the fraction of the escaping (ionospheric and corona) atomic ion [O+/Total], whereas 2+ and 2+ ion escape fractions show a positive linear correlation since both ion species are ionospheric ions that follow the same escaping path.
Controlling Brain States

Neurons in mouse V1 increase their response to visual stimulation during locomotion. In this issue of Neuron, Lee et al. (2014) show that subthreshold optogenetic stimulation of a brainstem locomotion area can mimic the effect of locomotion on sensory processing.