cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aristotle's Account of the Subjection of Women

In recent years, several studies have argued that Aristotle saw the associations of the household as voluntary, mutually beneficial, and directed toward lofty aims. These studies have brought out genuine complexities in Aristotle's understanding of the relationship between the public and private spheres. But, in their characterization of Aristotle's view of the household, they miss the mark. While Aristotle discusses marriage and family in other places, he examines the hierarchical aspect of the relationship between men and women most fully in Politics I. Close examination of Politics I reveals that Aristotle thought that the subjection of women in the household was rooted in force.
CAM in preventive medicine: promises and challenges for the clinician

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) represents a diverse group of therapies, modalities and belief systems that have grown rapidly in popularity over the past decade. As more and more patients incorporate CAM into their usual health care, opportunities and challenges for conventional medicine increase. One area that has not received much attention is the role that CAM will play in preventive medicine. Caregivers focused on wellness and a preventive approach to health will increasingly be challenged by the explosion in CAM modalities that patients continue to explore. Recognising which therapies can be dangerous and which can be incorporated beneficially into a preventive medicine strategy will be critical. Finally, the emphasis on lifestyle that is inherent in most CAM therapies may yield a unique opportunity to enhance preventative health approaches.
Purification and initial characterization of phycobiliproteins from the endophytic cyanobacterium of Azolla

The endophytic cyanobacterium, Anabaena azollae, isolated from laboratory cultures of Azolla caroliniana Willd., contains three spectroscopically distinct biliproteins. About 70% of the biliprotein is c-phycocyanin (λmax 610 nm) and 13% is allophycocyanin (λmax 647 nm, shoulder 620 nm). A third pigment corresponds to phycoerythrocyanin (λmax 570 nm, shoulder 590 nm). In very dilute solutions of allophycocyanin, at constant pH and buffer strength, the 647 nm maximum disappears and a single λmax occurs at 615–620 nm. The 647 nm absorption maximum reappears upon concentrating the dilute solution. Very dilute solutions of phycoerythrocyanin exhibit a broad peak between 570 and 590 nm. Absorption spectra of c-phycocyanin are not significantly altered upon dilution. Fluorescence emission maxima of phycoerythrocyanin, c-phycocyanin, and allophycocyanin occur at 630 nm, 643 nm and 660 nm respectively, using 540 nm excitation. Two subunits, of molecular weight 16,500 (α) and 20,600 (β), are seen in c-phycocyanin upon dissociation with SDS. Dissociation of allophycocyanin and phycoerythrocyanin with SDS yields one sizeclass of subunits, with a molecular weight of about 17,500 for allophycocyanin and 18,000 for phycoerythrocyanin.
Integrating Racial and Ethnic Identity Research Into Developmental Understanding of Adolescents

This article calls for a fuller integration of racial and ethnic identity (REI) as a fundamental topic of developmental research. Reviewing common, youth-focused models of REI, it suggests the need for understanding the underlying assumptions of each when undertaking research in this domain. It then proposes that youth development research will be enhanced by further testing of the relation of REI to developmental progress in other dimensions of youth's identity and by developmentally conceptualized testing that incorporates social-ecological perspectives. Relevant findings from studies of adolescents are used throughout to support these contentions. The article argues that new directions can promote the integration of REI research into the mainstream and inform the supports that bolster resilience for youth.
The dynamics and treatment of child abuse: Can primate research provide the answers?

Practitioners in the mental health professions presently are faced with the tasks of understanding the dynamics involved in the problem of child abuse and devising efficacious treatment and rehabilitation programs for both the abusive parent and the abused child. The present paper reviews research done by comparative psychologists more than a decade ago that should be considered by those practitioners involved in the treatment of the family in which child abuse has occurred. Seay, Alexander and Harlow (1964) reported on a study that not only points out an etiological factor in abusive mother monkeys, but suggests treatment approaches for both the mother and her battered infant. Language: en
Goldstino couplings to matter.

A nonlinearly realized supersymmetric action describing the invariant couplings of the Goldstino to matter is constructed. Using the Akulov-Volkov Lagrangian, any operator can be made part of a supersymmetric-invariant action. Of particular interest are interaction terms which include the product of the Akulov-Volkov Lagrangian with the ordinary matter Lagrangian as well as the coupling of the product of the covariant derivative of the Goldstino field to the matter supersymmetry current. The latter is the lowest dimensional operator linear in the Goldstino field. A Goldstino Goldberger-Treiman relation is established and shown to be satisfied by the effective action. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Chromium(III) and iron(III) perchlorate with the mono-N-oxides of 2,2′-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline

Abstract 2,2′-bipyridine- and 1,10-phenanthroline-mono-N-oxide (bipyNO and phenNO, respectively) chelates with Cr(III) and Fe(III) perchloratws were synthesized and characterized by means of spectral, magnetic and conductance studies. The new complexes are of the types [M(bipyNO)3](CIO4)3 2H2O and [M(phenNO03] (CIO4)3 (M = Cr, Fe). the mono-N-oxides act as bidentate O,N-chelating agents. The bipyNO complexes contain lattice water. The UV bands of bipyNO exhibit larger shifts and splittings tahn those of phenNO, upon metal complex formation. BipyNO exisrs in the trans-form in the crystal and assumes a configuration close to the cis-form in its metal chelates, whereas free phenNO is rigidly held in the cis-form in the crystal, and has the same conformation in its chelates. The electronic spectra of the complexes are characterized by stron metal-to-ligand charge-transfer bands. Approximate Dq parameter calculations for the Cr(III) complexes indicate that bioyNO and phenNO are weaker ligands than the parent bases and stronger ligands than the corresponding N,N-dioxides. The Cr(III) complexes are magnetically normal, but the Fe(III) compounds ehibit temperature-dependent magnetic moments (3.02-3.67 BM for the bioyNO acid, 1.98-2.52 BM for the phenNO complex, over the temperature range 80-313°K), wgich were attributed to the existence of spin-free-spin-paired equilibria.
Characterization of ammine and aquo substituted chromium pyrophosphates by ion exchange chromatography

Abstract The nine bidentate pyrophosphate complexes of Cr(III) of the formula Cr(H 2 O) n (NH) 3 ) 4-n (H 2 P 2 O 7 ) + where n varies from 0 to 4 have been prepared and their behavior on cation exchange columns evaluated. Coordinated ammonia leads to tighter binding, presumably because more positive charge resides on coordinated ammonia than on water, and this permits more intimate ion pairing with the negatively charged groups of the column matrix. Ammonia trans to pyrophosphate shows the greatest effect, and with at least two ammonias already in the coordination sphere an additional ammonia cis to both pyrophosphate oxygens has no apparent effect. Such cis ammonias do lead to tighter binding in the absence of or presence of only one trans ammonia. Two cis ammonias are less effective than one trans ammonia, however. The decreased effect of cis ammonias presumably reflects their potential to form internal ion pairs with noncoordinated phosphate oxygens, which lowers the pK's of the coordinated pyrophosphate, and thus leads to weaker binding. Retention times in minutes on a 20 mL mono-S FPLC column run at 1.67 mL/min are: tetraaquo, 38; facial monoammine, 46; trans -diammine- cis -diaquo, 51; meridional monoammine, 55; cis -diammine- cis -diaquo and meridional triammine, 70; cis -diammine- trans -diaquo, facial triammine, and tetraammine, 83.
Microprocessor Applications [Guest editor's inroduction]

This special issue of Computer presents five papers covering as many major areas of microcomputer applications: high-level languages development for microcomputer applications, special-purpose microcomputers, computer peripherals and instrumentation, microcomputer networks, and distributed process control.
What's in a Line? Is Partition a Solution to Civil War?

Does territorial partition of countries in civil wars help to end these wars, reducing the risk of recurrence? Researchers have proposed territorial partition with or without formal recognition of sovereignty as a solution to civil wars and a way to create self-enforcing peace. Quantitative studies of the effect of partition on the risk of renewed civil war, however, suffer several main shortcomings, including conflicting results in the extant literature that result mainly from data coding differences, selective use of case histories, and methodological problems. A new data set and a benchmark empirical analysis find that, on average, partition is unlikely to reduce the risk of a return to civil war and, in some cases, may increase that risk.
Abelian pattern avoidance in partial words

Pattern avoidance is an important topic in combinatorics on words which dates back to the beginning of the twentieth century when Thue constructed an infinite word over a ternary alphabet that avoids squares, i.e. , a word with no two adjacent identical factors. This result finds applications in various algebraic contexts where more general patterns than squares are considered. On the other hand, Erdős raised the question as to whether there exists an infinite word that avoids abelian squares, i.e. , a word with no two adjacent factors being permutations of one another. Although this question was answered affirmately years later, knowledge of abelian pattern avoidance is rather limited. Recently, (abelian) pattern avoidance was initiated in the more general framework of partial words, which allow for undefined positions called holes. In this paper, we show that any pattern p with n > 3 distinct variables of length at least 2 n is abelian avoidable by a partial word with infinitely many holes, the bound on the length of p being tight. We complete the classification of all the binary and ternary patterns with respect to non-trivial abelian avoidability, in which no variable can be substituted by only one hole. We also investigate the abelian avoidability indices of the binary and ternary patterns.
Unfolding diffusion-based Ag nanoparticle growth in SiO2 nanofilms heat-treated in air via in situ optical microspectroscopy

Abstract In situ optical microspectroscopy has been demonstrated effective in resolving diffusion-based growth from oxidation processes for Ag nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in silica nanofilms during thermal processing in air atmosphere. The choice of an elevated heating rate for achieving the desired terminal temperatures at which optical properties are monitored allows for increasing the sensitivity of the technique for the elucidation of NP growth. Silver NPs have been indicated to grow via Ag diffusion in an early stage of thermal treatment up to 10 min in the 570–600 °C temperature range. The isothermal time variation in Ag NP size was monitored by fitting the experimentally obtained surface plasmon resonance profiles with spectra calculated by Mie theory. The spectroscopic data was then analyzed in the context of crystal growth theory. The analysis of the time-dependent isotherms has allowed for estimating the activation energy for the process at 3.2 eV.
Understanding controversies in visitation.

Visitation is an important feature of family life for increasing numbers of children and parents. It is a stressful experience, and both children and parents may have problems with it. It may be difficult to make sense of these visitation problems because of basic controversies that arise in visitation situations. These controversies relate to (1) appreciating the value of visitation, and (2) understanding the meanings of problems with it. Acknowledging and understanding these controversies can make visitation problems easier to deal with. It is especially important in dealing with visitation controversies (1) to be clear regarding the goals of visitation, and (2) to explore a variety of areas of causation for visitation problems.
Initial Performance Evaluation of a Gridded Radio Frequency Ion Thruster

Helicon plasma sources are devices that are capable of efficiently producing high-density plasmas. There is growing interest in using a helicon plasma source in space propulsion as a replacement to the direct current plasma discharge in ion engines. A radio frequency ion engine is developed that combines a helicon plasma source with electrostatic grids and a magnetically shielded anode. Thruster performance evaluation includes estimation of the discharge plasma ion density and electron temperature and measurement of the plume current density, grid currents, and thrust. The radio frequency ion engine is tested across the following operating parameter ranges: 343–600 W radio frequency power, 50–250 G magnetic field strength, 1.0–2.0 mg/s argon flow rate, and 100–600 V discharge voltage range at an operating pressure of 1.6×10−5 torr Ar., discharge ion density and electron temperature range 1.5–9.3×1016 m−3 and 5.4–9.9 eV, respectively. Maximum beam current extracted is 120 mA at a 600 V discharge and is ...
SU-FF-T-04: 3D Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy with Minimal Beam Number

Purpose: We investigate the influence of beam number on the quality of intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) treatment planning with 3‐dimension (3D) modulation. Getting a good quality IMPT plan with the least beam number is critical to reduce delivery time. We seek the minimal beam number required to meet the treatment plan criteria. Method and Materials: An IMPT treatment‐planning study was run employing an in‐house treatment planning system that applied a density‐scaled finite proton pencil beam dose model. The dose model ray traced to every voxel in each beamlet with an isotropic 2.5 mm voxel grid (Shannon‐Nyquist limited). A 3D fluence modulation algorithm was employed using 1 × 1 cm2 beamlets with mono‐energetic ranges having 2.5 mm steps between Bragg peaks along the range of the beamlet where it intersects the targets. Plans where run for 23 head and neck cases with 1 to 4 manually placed beams. The beams angles were selected to avoid critical structures if possible. We started with 4 beams then decreased the beam number while manually adjusting the beam angles for each case until we were unable to meet the planning criteria. Plans were compared with 7 beam 6 MV photonIMRT plans. Results: Out of 23 cases: 1 beam was sufficient for 3 cases, 2 beams were sufficient for 12 cases, 3 beams were required for 6 cases, and the 2 most difficult cases needed 4 beams. Plan quality for IMPT and IMRT were comparable with IMPT having less dose to normal tissues. Conclusion: The beam number required for an IMPT plan with 3D modulation can be reduced to a small number by using manual beam angle adjustment. This result indicates that beam angle optimization should be very valuable for IMPT. This work was supported in part by Florida DOH Grant 04‐NIR03.
The metal-responsive transcription factor-1 contributes to HIF-1 activation during hypoxic stress.

Abstract Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), the major transcriptional regulator of the mammalian cellular response to low oxygen (hypoxia), is embedded within a complex network of signaling pathways. We have been investigating the importance of another stress-responsive transcription factor, MTF-1, for the adaptation of cells to hypoxia. This article reports that MTF-1 plays a central role in hypoxic cells by contributing to HIF-1 activity. Loss of MTF-1 in transformed Mtf1 null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) results in an attenuation of nuclear HIF-1α protein accumulation, HIF-1 transcriptional activity, and expression of an established HIF-1 target gene, glucose transporter-1 ( Glut1 ). Mtf1 null ( Mtf1 KO) MEFs also have constitutively higher levels of both glutathione (GSH) and the rate-limiting enzyme involved in GSH synthesis—glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit—than wild type cells. The altered cellular redox state arising from increased GSH may perturb oxygen-sensing mechanisms in hypoxic Mtf1 KO cells and decrease the accumulation of HIF-1α protein. Together, these novel findings define a role for MTF-1 in the regulation of HIF-1 activity.
Secondary chemistry of the leaf surface of Flourensia cernua

Abstract Epicuticular wax accounted for 9.2% of the dry wt. of whole Flourensia cernua (tarbush) leaves. Leaf surface extracts of tarbush were analyzed for mono- and sesquiterpenoids with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Camphene, β-myrcene, 3-carene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, borneol, cis -jasmone, β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide and globulol were consistently present on the leaf surface of tarbush. Concentrations of several unidentified compounds were estimated. A great deal of plant-to-plant variability was detected in leaf surface mono- and sesquiterpenoidi concentration. Information obtained on surface chemistry might be exploited to enhance the use of tarbush as a forage for domestic herbivores.
Parasiticidal Properties of the Proteolytic Enzyme Ficin.

SummaryThe unpreserved, refrigerated crude latex was consistently the most efficient parasiticide tested, the preserved latex somewhat less effective. A 10% solution of the freshly opened crystoid compared favorably with the refrigerated latex but exposure to air rapidly diminished its potency. The amorphous ficin, while relatively stable, proved to be only about half as efficient as the fresh crystoid. The most specific action of these products occurred on whipworms, provided the large bowel was previously free of feces. The effect on hookworms was almost uniformly less satisfactory. Considerable amebostatic and, at times, amebicidal action was demonstrated.
Robustness of Adaptive Unbalance Control of Rotors with Magnetic Bearings

Rotor unbalance in the primary cause of unacceptable vibration in rotating machinery. Over the last decade, researchers have explored different methods of taking advantage of the active nature of magnetic bearings to attenuate unbalance response including both feedback and adaptive open loop methods. An important issue in the application of this technology to industrial machines is the robustness of the unbalance control algorithm. The stability and performance robustness of a promising adaptive open loop control algorithm is examined. Expressions are derived for a number of unstructured uncertainties. Experimental results are then presented, which evaluate the algorithm's robustness with respect to three variations: gain schedule errors, random additive errors, and feedback loop gain. The robustness exhibited in these tests was quite good and, along with the excellent vibration attenuation obtained, recommend the algorithm for further testing and industrial application. The experimental results indicate ...
On Becoming a Thinker: An Educational Preschool Program.

(1983). On becoming a thinker: An educational preschool program. Early Child Development and Care: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 39-65.
Gossiping in groups: Distributed averaging over the wireless medium

We present an approach to gossip algorithms tailored to the practical considerations of wireless communications. Traditional gossip algorithms operate via the pairwise exchange of estimates, which fails to capture the broadcast and superposition nature of the wireless medium. Adapting the virtual full-duplex framework of Guo and Zhang, we construct a communications scheme in which each node can broadcast its estimate to its neighbors while simultaneously receiving its neighbors' estimates. This full-duplex scheme gives rise to group gossip, a more flexible family of gossip algorithms built on multilateral, rather than pairwise, exchanges. Our approach obviates the need for orthogonalization or medium access; only local information and synchronization are necessary. Additionally, group gossip has better convergence properties than does randomized gossip. Group gossip permits a tighter bound on the convergence speed than randomized gossip, and in general the upper bound on the convergence time is at most one-third that of randomized gossip.
Effect of purification protocol on the functional properties of erythrocyte membrane protein 4.1.

The inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) method for purification of the erythrocyte membrane protein 4.1 yields the largest quantity of pure protein of any published protocol. However, protein 4.1 isolated by this method was found to bind to KI-stripped inside-out red blood cell membrane vesicles (KIOVs) only 40% as well as protein 4.1 purified by other methods. While an improved Tyler method, the SP method, yields 30-40% less protein 4.1 than the IHP method, the SP preparation nevertheless exceeds the IHP method in that the protein 4.1 is fully functional. Unlike the Tyler method, the SP procedure is also free of contaminating spectrin, p55, and proteases.
The preparation and properties of cationic dicarbonylcyclopentadienyliron complexes of organic carbonyl compounds: molecular structure of dicarbonylcyclopentadienyliron(3-methylcyclohexenone) hexafluorophosphate ☆

Abstract A number of complexes CpFe(CO)2(L) (L = aldehyde, ketone, ester, amide) have been prepared either by treatment of [CpFe(CO)2]2 or CpFe(Co)2Br with AgPF6 in the presence of L or by a ligand exchange reaction employing CpFe(CO)2(isobutylene)BF4. NMR spectral data suggest that these complexes involve iron—oxygen σ-bonding rather than π-bonding to the carbonyl group. This is confirmed by an X-ray structure determination of the 3-methylcyclohexenone complex. The exchange stability of these complexes parallels their basicity.
Primary Pulmonary Melanoma: Case Report and Literature Review

Primary pulmonary melanoma is a very rare disease, with only 19 cases previously reported in the English language literature. These cases suggest that melanoma can arise in the lung as a primary tumor, probably from residual melanoblasts. Primary pulmonary melanoma is frequently endobronchial and often manifests with symptoms of cough, hemoptysis, and lobar collapse. Aggressive surgical resection, irrespective of lymph node involvement, offers possible long-term survival in some patients. The diagnosis of primary pulmonary melanoma necessitates that both clinical and histologic criteria be fulfilled. Herein diagnostic criteria are proposed, and the diagnostic approach is discussed.
Synthesis and properties of some cyclic AMP alkyl phosphotriesters

Cyclic AMP was converted to its phosphotriesters according to the classical approach of phosphate activation with a sulfonyl chloride, followed by esterification with an alcohol. The methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and cetyl triesters were prepared, and some of their physical-chemical properties determined. Alkaline hydrolysis of these alkyl phosphotriesters resulted predominantly in ring opening. On the other hand, nucleophilic attack by thiourea led to the formation of cAMP as the main product. The conclusion can be drawn from these results that cAMP phosphotriesters could serve as suitable storage forms of cAMP, and cyclic triesters may be the best vehicle of transporting nucleotides through biological membranes.
Measurement of exposure to personnel performing shielding evaluations

Purpose: Determine the exposure to personnel accrued while performing shielding evaluations of diagnostic facilities. Methods : Shielding inspections were performed at three sites: a small animal imaging facility, an imaging center consisting of general x-ray, CT, and PET/CT rooms, and a cardiac catheterization lab. The small animal facility was evaluated using two 20 mCi Tc-99m uncollimated sources. The imaging center was evaluated using a 20 mCi source of F-18 for the PET/CT room and a collimated 25 mCi source of Tc-99m for the CT and x-ray rooms. The catheterization lab was evaluated using an uncollimated 35 mCi vial of Tc-99m. Electronic personal dosimeters (Rados RAD-60R, RADOS Technology Oy Turku, Finland) were worn by each of the personnel involved in performing shielding inspections. The cumulative exposure reading from the dosimeter for each surveyor was recorded. Results: The surveyor who positioned the open source at the small animal facility had an exposure reading of 3.5 mR in 5.5 hours. Those who were outside the room surveying the barriers had readings of 0 and 0.1 mR in 5 hours. For the cath lab, the surveyor positioning the source had a reading of 0.4 mR in 30 minutes, while those outside had readings of 0 mR. At the imaging center all personnel surveying the PET/CT room with an open F-18 source had readings of 2.0, 1.1, and 2.9 mR in 4 hours. Surveys of the CT and general radiography rooms with a collimated Tc-99m source had readings of 1.2, 0.9, and 0.2mR in 5 hours. Conclusion : The surveyors who were in the room with the sources had the highest exposures. Using a higher energy source (F-18) also led to higher exposures. By using a collimated source, the time to measure each barrier for penetrations was increased, but the surveyors’ exposures were lower. --------------------------------------- Cite this article as: Page L, Dodge C, Li G, Wendt R. Measurement of exposure to personnel performing shielding evaluations. Int J Cancer Ther Oncol 2014; 2(2):020230. DOI: 10.14319/ijcto.0202.30
Definition of IDDM-associated HLA DQ and DX RFLPs by segregation analysis of multiplex sibships

Abstract Genetic variation of the DQα and β and of the DXα genes, detectable as RFLP in genomic DNA digests, has been suggested to improve the identification of individuals at high risk for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). DNA from all members of 32 IDDM multiplex families was digested with six restriction endonucleases and the resulting fragments analyzed in Southern blots for hybridization with labeled cDNA probes for those genes. A computerized segregation analysis procedure was then used to assign fragments to haplotypes. Associations among fragments and between fragments and haplotypes characterized serologically and biochemically for their class II genes and IDDM-carrier status were calculated. The results indicate that the alleles of the DXα polymorphism maintain linkage disequilibrium with those of the DQβ genes responsible for the well-known DQβ3.2-IDDM association, so that IDDM-carrier haplotypes carry disproportionally often both DQβ3.2 and DXα-TaqI-2.2kb. Thus, these RFLPs identify a DR-DQ-DX haplotype in high linkage disequilibrium, rather than the locus or loci that account for their high relative risk. However, four DR4-DQβ3.2 haplotypes that lack DXα-TaqI-2.2kb were encountered, two of which are “affected”. These haplotypes suggest that the identification of the “disease locus” can be facilitated by the study of unusual haplotypes in which distinct IDDM-associated alleles occur separated from their neighbors of the standard genetic configurations.
Intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring during parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism

Abstract Background. The surgical management of secondary hyperparathyroidism by experienced surgeons is associated with excellent results. The presence of supernumerary glands and inadequate initial parathyroidectomy can lead to reoperations for recurrence. Intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring (qPTH), which has been described during parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism, may be helpful in preventing or predicting the need for reoperation. This report describes the use of qPTH assays during parathyroidectomy in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Methods. Intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were determined in 13 patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism undergoing total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation (n = 3) or subtotal parathyroidectomy (n = 10). Levels were determined using a modified immunochemiluminometric assay (qPTH). Results. The average PTH levels before and after parathyroidectomy were 1599 pg/ml (620 to 2486 pg/ml) and 230.3 pg/ml (129 to 345 pg/ml), respectively. All patients had significant decreases in PTH levels after parathyroidectomy (mean, 84.6%). Symptoms were improved in all patients after operation. PTH levels at early follow-up were consistently below intraoperative levels. Conclusions. Intraoperative PTH monitoring reproducibly demonstrates the clinically relevant decrease in PTH levels after parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism similar to those previously documented in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Long-term follow-up and increasing numbers of patients are crucial in defining the role of qPTH monitoring during parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Second dissociation constants of 3-(cyclohexylamino)-1-propanesulfonic acid (CAPS) and 3-(cyclohexylamino)-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid (CAPSO) from the temperatures 278.15 K to 328.15 K

Abstract The second dissociation constant p K 2 values for 3-(cyclohexylamino)-1-propanesulfonic acid (CAPS) and 3-cyclohexylamino)-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid (CAPSO), useful secondary standard buffers within the pH range of 9.7 to 10.5 for CAPS, and 8.9 to 10.0 for CAPSO, have been determined from T =278.15 K to T =328.15 K. Electromotive force measurements of cells of the type: Pt·H 2 (g, p °=101.325 kPa)·buffer ( m 1 ) Na salt of buffer ( m 2 ), NaCl ( m 3 )·AgCl·Ag, where m denotes molality, were used. The p K 2 for the ionization of CAPS in the experimental temperature range is expressed by the equation: p K 2 =1046.64·(K/ T )+35.10191−4.9342·ln( T /K), whereas that for CAPSO is given by: p K 2 =2106.21·(K/ T )+9.08772−1.11049·ln( T /K). The thermodynamic quantities have been calculated and the results obtained are compared with those for zwitterionic compounds which are the derivatives of taurine.
TEMPORAL AND GEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF AGE-SPECIFIC GULL PLUMAGE IN RELATION TO POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS

Abstract Study skins of Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) and Great Black-backed Gulls (L. marinus) collected over a period of ∼150 years in the northeastern United States were used to test the hypothesis that potential exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has an effect on age-related plumage coloration. We found no changes in the average age class (as determined by plumage) of gulls collected before and after 1930 (date PCBs began to be used) and no differences in average age class in birds collected near PCB-contaminated sites versus those collected far from such sites. We found significant skews in the age distributions of birds in our sample because of an under-representation of birds of intermediate age classes, but those skews were similar in pre- and post-1930 data sets and thus likely represent sampling errors and not the effects of PCBs. There was no difference in the age distribution of gulls collected near or far from contaminated sites. Our study, albeit indirectly, shows no evidence th...
The yield strength of subliquidus basalts — experimental results

Yield strength is an important property of particle–fluid suspensions. In basaltic lavas that crystallize during flow emplacement, the onset of yield strength may result in threshold transitions in flow behavior and flow surface morphology. However, yield strength–crystallinity relations are poorly known, particularly in geologic suspensions, where difficulties of experimental and field measurements have limited data acquisition in the subliquidus temperature range. Here we describe two complementary experimental approaches designed to examine the effect of particle shape on the low-shear yield strength of subliquidus basalts. The first involves melting cubes of holocrystalline basalt samples with different initial textures to determine the temperature (crystallinity) at which these samples lose their cubic form. These experiments provide information on the minimum crystal volume fractions (0.20<φ<0.35) required to maintain the structual integrity of the cube. The second set of experiments uses suspensions of corn syrup and neutrally buoyant particles to isolate the effect of particle shape on yield strength development. From these experiments, we conclude that the shape is important in determining the volume fraction range over which suspensions exhibit a finite yield strength. As anisotropic particles may orient during flow, the effect of particle shape will be controlled by the orientation distribution of the constituent particles. We find that the so-called ‘excluded volume’ can be used to relate results of experiments on anisotropic particles to those of suspensions of spherical particles. Recent measurements of yield strength onset in basaltic melts at crystal volume fractions near 0.25 are consistent with our observations that crystal frameworks develop at low to moderate crystal volume fractions when crystals are anisotropic (e.g. plagioclase). We further suggest that conditions leading to yield strength onset at low crystallinities include rapid cooling (increased crystal anisotropy), heterogeneous nucleation (which promotes extensive crystal clustering and large cluster anisotropy) and static conditions (random crystal orientations).
Cytoarchitectonic Definition of Prefrontal Areas in the Normal Human Cortex: I. Remapping of Areas 9 and 46 using Quantitative Criteria

The classical cytoarchitectonic maps of human prefrontal areas produced by various cartographers in the early part of this century, though similar in gross topography, differ from one another in their descriptions of the size, shape, and precise location of specific regions within the frontal promontory. The current advances in human neurobiology stimulated us to reinvestigate the cytoarchitecture of the human prefrontal cortex, beginning with areas 9 and 46, to establish a set of objective cytometric criteria for identification of these areas. Nisslstained and Gallyas-stained celloidin-embedded sections were prepared from the left hemispheres of 17 human subjects 23-73 years old, without history of neurological disease. In eight cases, light microscopic observations were supplemented by morphometric data collected on a research microscope equipped with differential interference contrast optics and interfaced to a TV monitor with video mixing equipment and a microcomputer. We used the three-dimensional counting method of Williams and Rakic (1988) to measure (1) total cortical and relative laminar thickness, (2) neuronal packing density per 0.001 mm3 in individual cortical layers, and (3) sizes of neuronal somata in selected cortical layers. Light microscopic analysis confirmed that the cortical layers are more differentiated in area 46 than in area 9, particularly at the borders of layer IV. Layers III and V exhibit clearer sublamination in area 9, while layer IV is also somewhat wider in area 46 than in area 9 (9.3% vs 6.4% of cortical thickness); the overall thickness of the cortex is the same in both areas. Cytometric analysis revealed that layer IV neurons of area 46 are more densely packed than those in area 9 (55.38 +/- 7.26 vs 45.80 +/- 4.45 neurons/0.001 mm3), as are neurons in the supragranular layers II and III combined (53.51 +/ 6.33 vs 45.69 +/ 3.81 neurons/0.001 mm3). Finally, neurons in area 46 are more homogeneous in size than those in area 9. Differences in myeloarchitecture are also evident: each area contains numerous, well-stained radial striae and two pronounced bands of horizontal fibers, but in general, area 46 is less myelinated than area 9. Objective cytometric methods can clearly distinguish two adjacent areas within the human prefrontal lobe. These findings may prove useful in the areal parcellation of the human cerebral cortex as well as provide a baseline for analysis of pathological changes in neurological and psychiatric disorders such as a schizophrenia, Huntington's or Alzheimer's diseases.
SYNTHESIS AND STEREOCHEMISTRY OF 3,4-EPOXYPHOSPHOLANES, CARBON-13 NMR EVIDENCE FOR PREFERENTIAL EPOXIDATION ANTI TO PHOSPHORYL IN 3-PHOSPHOLENE OXIDES

Aus den beiden ungesattigten cyclischen Phosphinoxiden (I) und (IV) erhalt man mit m-Chlor perbenzoesaure die Epoxide (II) bzw. (V), die mit Phenylsilan zu den Epoxiden (III) bzw. (VI) reduziert werden.
Relation of phospholipase D activity to the decay of succinate dehydrogenase and of covalently bound flavin in yeast cells undergoing glucose repression

Abstract The disappearance of succinate dehydrogenase activity and of protein-bound histidyl flavin were studied in aerobic yeast cells incubated with high glucose concentrations. The decay of succinate dehydrogenase activity, covalently bound flavin, and of respiration is prevented by cycloheximide but not by chloramphenicol. During this decay there is a large increase in mitochondrial phospholipase D activity; the appearance of this enzyme is also prevented by cycloheximide. It seems possible, therefore, that the formation of phospholipase D may be important in triggering the disappearance of covalently bound flavin, succinate dehydrogenase, and of other mitochondrial enzymes during glucose repression of aerobic yeast cells.
Thermoluminescence systems with two or more glow peaks described by anomalous kinetic parameters

Abstract The thermoluminescence (TL) glow peaks obtained from materials exhibiting two or more glow peaks, e.g. NaCl, quartz and other minerals, often appear to be well described by the well-known first and second order TL kinetics. However, in many cases physically unrealistic E (activation energy) and s (pre-exponential factor) parameters are obtained. In addition, the kinetic parameters often depend on the premeasurement radiation dose that controls the initial trapped charge concentrations. The usual first and second order TL kinetic expressions are based on a numbr of assumptions, including the usually unstated assumption that charges released from one type of trap, giving rise to one glow peak, are not retrapped on other types of traps, associated with other glow peaks. Equations have been developed describing TL systems in which charges released from one type of trap may be retrapped in other types of traps. Called interactive kinetic equations , they are quite simple but have been studied by numerical methods. In particular, glow curves computed from the interactive kinetic equations have been regarded as “data” and analyzed by fitting them to the usual first and second order kinetic expressions. All of the anomalous features described above are reproduced. For example, usually the computed glow peaks are well fitted by the first and second order expressions over their upper 60–80% but not in the “wings”. This explains why the usual analysis methods, especially those utilizing peak temperature, full width, etc. appear to describe such peaks. Often unrealistic kinetic parameters are often obtained. Furthermore, the computed glow curves often reproduce the observed dependence on dose.
Bone marrow-derived cells do not repair endothelium in a mouse model of chronic endothelial cell dysfunction

Aims Bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the circulation replace damaged vascular endothelium. We assessed the hypothesis that a BM transplant from healthy animals would restore normal arterial endothelium and prevent hypertension in young endothelial nitric oxide synthase-deficient (eNOS−/−) mice. Methods and results Radiation or busulfan-induced BM ablation in eNOS−/− mice on day 6, day 14, or day 28 was followed by a BM transplant consisting of enhanced green fluorescent protein positive (EGFP+) cells from C57BL/6J mice. Peripheral blood cell chimerism was always greater than 85% at 4 months after BM transplant. Molecular assays of heart, kidney, and liver revealed low-level chimerism in all treatment groups, consistent with residual circulating EGFP+ blood cells. When aorta, coronary, renal, hepatic, and splenic arteries in BM-transplanted eNOS−/− mice were examined by confocal microscopy, there were no EGFP- or eNOS-positive endothelial cells detected in these vessels in any of the treatment groups. Likewise, telemetry did not detect any reduction in blood pressure. Thus, no differences were observed in our measurements using several different treatment protocols. Conclusion We found no evidence for BM-derived EPC renewal of endothelium in this eNOS-deficient mouse model of a chronic vascular disease or in wild-type mice during postnatal growth. Hence, renewal of chronic dysfunctional endothelium and endothelial homeostasis may be dependent on resident vascular progenitor cells.
Kir 2.1 channelopathies: the Andersen–Tawil syndrome

As a multisystem disorder, Andersen–Tawil syndrome (ATS) is rather unique in the family of channelopathies. The full spectrum of the disease is characterized by ventricular arrhythmias, dysmorphic features, and periodic paralysis. Most ATS patients have a mutation in the ion channel gene, KCNJ2, which encodes the inward rectifier K+ channel Kir2.1, a component of the inward rectifier I K1. I K1 provides repolarizing current during the most terminal phase of repolarization and is the primary conductance controlling the diastolic membrane potential. Thus, ATS is a disorder of cardiac repolarization. The chapter will discuss the most recent data concerning the genetic, cellular, and clinical data underlying this unique disorder.
Constitutive expression of the Fas receptor and its ligand in adult human bone marrow: a regulatory feedback loop for the homeostatic control of hematopoiesis.

Abstract ABSTRACT Fas ligand (FasL) mediated apoptosis in the bone marrow may contribute to suppression of hematopoiesis in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and in aplastic anemia, and also to the regulation of normal erythropoiesis. To identify potential effector and target cells in this regulatory pathway, we examined the constitutive expression of Fas receptor (Fas) and FasL (total and cell-surface) in myeloid and lymphoid cells and subsets of CD34+ cells in normal healthy adult human bone marrow using multiparameter flow cytometry. A high proportion of CD34+ cells constitutively expressed cell-surface FasL. However, none of the CD34+ cells expressed Fas alone. A reciprocal gradient of expression of FasL and Fas was observed in subsets of CD34+ cells: as compared to primitive CD34+/HLA-DR− (DR−) cells, a higher proportion of committed CD34+/HLA-DR++ (DR++) cells expressed FasL but fewer expressed Fas; the expression of both molecules was intermediate in CD34+/HLA-DRdim cells. Also, the intensity of FasL expression was higher in DR++ than in DR− cells. These results suggest that the homeostatic regulation of myelopoiesis in normal bone marrow is mediated via an autoregulatory feedback loop by myeloid cells and progenitors themselves, at least partly via the Fas-FasL pathway. This notion is also consistent with our recent observation that overexpression of FasL by myeloid cells in MDS correlates directly with anemia, transfusion requirements, and shorter survival, an example of dysregulation of this pathway.
Test cost reduction using partitioned grid random access scan

The random access scan (RAS) has the ability to address major problems associated with serial-scan method. A practically implementable RAS test architecture called progressive random access scan (PRAS) was introduced earlier. This paper proposes a generalized architecture for the PRAS. We show that the generalized PRAS architecture offers two orders of magnitude gains in test application time over traditional serial scan and is superior to multiple serial scan in terms of the use of tester channels.
The binDCT: fast multiplierless approximation of the DCT

This paper presents a family of fast biorthogonal block transforms called binDCT that can be implemented using only shift and add operations. The transform is based on a VLSI-friendly lattice structure that robustly enforces both linear phase and perfect reconstruction properties. The lattice coefficients are parameterized as a series of dyadic lifting steps providing fast, efficient, in place computation of the transform coefficients as well as the ability to map integers to integers. The new 8/spl times/8 transforms all approximate the popular 8/spl times/8 DCT closely, attaining a coding gain range of 8.77-8.82 dB, despite requiring as low as 14 shifts and 31 additions per eight input samples. Application of the binDCT in both lossy and lossless image coding yields very competitive results compared to the performance of the original floating-point DCT.
Thomas Jefferson and the Rise of the Supreme Court

American constitutional history in the early national period seems at times to be a conversation—or an argument—among Virginians. There's James Madison, George Washington, George Mason, John Taylor of Caroline County, Judge Spencer Roane, John Randolph of Roanoke, to mention only some. At the center of this constellation were John Marshall and Thomas Jefferson.
A Note on the Central Limit Theorems for Dependent Random Variables

Classical central limit theorem is considered the heart of probability and statistics theory. Our interest in this paper is central limit theorems for functions of random variables under mixing conditions. We impose mixing conditions on the differences between the joint cumulative distribution functions and the product of the marginal cumulative distribution functions. By using characteristic functions, we obtain several limit theorems extending previous results.
Human Parvovirus B19 in Pregnancy

Human parvovirus is an often unrecognized but potentially deadly infection when contracted by childbearing women who are seronegative. Although maternal symptoms and sequelae are mild, the exposed fetus quickly can develop nonimmune hydrops fetalis and die. Health care providers can prepare for appropriate maternal and fetal management by reviewing the history, disease process, and transmission mode of parvovirus.
An exact TEM calculation of loss in a stripline of arbitrary dimensions

Based on a modification of a conformal mapping originally introduced by R.H.T. Bates (1956), an exact expression for the quasi-static conductive attenuation constant alpha /sub c/, of a general stripline with arbitrary dimensions is obtained. The method is based on a quasi-static formula for alpha /sub c/ which assumes a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode and is thus restricted to the case where the skin depth is small compared to the strip thickness. The final formula for alpha /sub c/ involves an integral of only a smoothly varying function, since an analytic extraction of a term representing the singular behavior of the charge density is performed in the analysis. A comparison of the results obtained using the present method and the approximate formulas of S.B. Cohn (1955) shows that a maximum error of about 5-6% occurs in the Cohn formulas at a point where the two approximate formulas are joined. >