cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
1 – Textile fiber morphology, structure and properties in relation to friction

Publisher Summary This chapter presents that friction is a surface phenomenon; however, it is governed by both the surface and the bulk properties of the material. It entails a comprehensive understanding of a material's morphology and its chemical and physical structures and properties. Morphology, i.e., surface architecture, should influence the nature of contact between two bodies brought against each other. Chemical structure should affect the bonding between molecular layers within the body as well as the forces on the free surface that interact with other surfaces. The chapter discusses the information on structure and properties that may serve as useful background knowledge for fibers and textiles. A large number of fibers are used in making traditional textile and specialty technical products. They differ from each other in chemical and physical structures and, as a consequence, in their surface and bulk properties. The surface morphology and the surface and bulk physical properties, including mechanical, play important roles in influencing a fiber's frictional properties and through it the latter's performance in processing, handling, and end use. The details discussed in the chapter serve as useful background information for understanding the frictional behavior of fibers.
Introduction: Refugee, Language, and Literacy

This chapter discusses the current key issues and questions related to language and literacy studies due to an increasing number of refugees, whom the author characterizes as transnational agents. The term ‘refugees’ is also defined legally, socioculturally, and historically. In addition, terms used to approach refugees’ language and literacy practices, such as multilingual repertoires, ideology and hierarchy, and translanguaging are discussed.
Long Oskar Controls Mitochondrial Inheritance in Drosophila melanogaster

Inherited mtDNA mutations cause severe human disease. In most species, mitochondria are inherited maternally through mechanisms that are poorly understood. Genes that specifically control the inheritance of mitochondria in the germline are unknown. Here, we show that the long isoform of the protein Oskar regulates the maternal inheritance of mitochondria in Drosophila melanogaster. We show that, during oogenesis, mitochondria accumulate at the oocyte posterior, concurrent with the bulk streaming and churning of the oocyte cytoplasm. Long Oskar traps and maintains mitochondria at the posterior at the site of primordial germ cell (PGC) formation through an actin-dependent mechanism. Mutating long oskar strongly reduces the number of mtDNA molecules inherited by PGCs. Therefore, Long Oskar ensures germline transmission of mitochondria to the next generation. These results provide molecular insight into how mitochondria are passed from mother to offspring, as well as how they are positioned and asymmetrically partitioned within polarized cells.
Friedrich Schiller,On the Aesthetic Education of Man in a Series of Letters. Edited and Translated with an Introduction, Commentary and Glossary of Terms by Elizabeth M. Wilkinson and L. A. Willoughby: Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968. Pp. cxcvi + 372.

(1968). Friedrich Schiller, On the Aesthetic Education of Man in a Series of Letters. Edited and Translated with an Introduction, Commentary and Glossary of Terms by Elizabeth M. Wilkinson and L. A. Willoughby. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 276-281.
Tribulations and achievements: The lived experiences of African American college students formerly in foster care

This qualitative study explores the factors contributing to the college matriculation of African Americans formerly in foster care. One-on-one interviews were conducted with 10 participants who wer...
Short-term changes in diet composition do not affect in vivo hepatic protein synthesis in rats.

Protein synthesis is critical to protein homeostasis (proteostasis), and modifications in protein synthesis influence lifespan and the development of comorbidities associated with obesity. In the p...
Effect of Process Induced Stresses on Measurement of FRP Strain Energy Release Rates

Fiber reinforced polymer composites are frequently used in hybrid structures where they are co-cured or co-bonded to dissimilar materials. For autoclave cured composites, this interface typically forms at an elevated temperature that can be quite different from the part’s service temperature. As a result, matrix shrinkage and CTE mismatch can produce significant residual stresses at this bi-material interface. This study shows that the measured critical strain energy release rate, Gc, can be quite sensitive to the residual stress state of this interface. If designers do not properly account for the effect of these process induced stresses, there is danger of a nonconservative design. Tests including double cantilever beam (DCB) and end notched flexure (ENF) were conducted on a co-cured GFRP-CFRP composite panel across a wide range of temperatures. These results are compared to tests performed on monolithic GFRP and CFRP panels.
Effect of anion size on conductivity and transference number of perfluoroether electrolytes with lithium salts

Author(s): Shah, DB; Olson, KR; Karny, A; Mecham, SJ; DeSimone, JM; Balsara, NP | Abstract: Mixtures of perfluoropolyethers (PFPE) and lithium salts with fluorinated anions are a new class of electrolytes for lithium batteries. Unlike conventional electrolytes wherein electron-donating oxygen groups interact primarily with the lithium cations, the properties of PFPE-based electrolytes appear to be dependent on interactions between the fluorinated anions and the fluorinated backbones. We study these interactions by examining a family of lithium salts wherein the size of the fluorinated anion is systematically increased: lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI), bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) salts and lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide (LiBETI). Two short chain perfluoroethers (PFE), one with three repeat units, C6-DMC, and another with four repeat units, C8-DMC were studied; both systems have dimethyl carbonate end groups.We find that LiFSI provides the highest conductivity in both C6-DMC and C8-DMC. These systems also present the lowest interfacial resistance against lithium metal electrodes. The steady-state transference number (t+ss) was above 0.6 for all of the electrolytes and was an increasing function of anion size. The product of conductivity and the steady-state transference number, a convenient measure of the efficacy of the electrolytes for lithium battery applications, exhibited a maximum at about 20 wt% salt in all electrolytes. Amongst the systems studied, LiFSI/PFE mixtures were the most efficacious electrolytes.
Convolutional neural network for age classification from smart-phone based ocular images

Automated age classification has drawn significant interest in numerous applications such as marketing, forensics, human-computer interaction, and age simulation. A number of studies have demonstrated that age can be automatically deduced from face images. However, few studies have explored the possibility of computational estimation of age information from other modalities such as fingerprint or ocular region. The main challenge in age classification is that age progression is person-specific which depends on many factors such as genetics, health conditions, life style, and stress level. In this paper, we investigate age classification from ocular images acquired using smart-phones. Age information, though not unique to the individual, can be combined along with ocular recognition system to improve authentication accuracy or invariance to the ageing effect. To this end, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for the task. We evaluate our proposed CNN model on the ocular crops of the recent large-scale Adience benchmark for gender and age classification captured using smart-phones. The obtained results establish a baseline for deep learning approaches for age classification from ocular images captured by smart-phones.
Kindliche Frakturen der Metaphyse und des Schaftes am Unterschenkel.

Zusammenfassung. Unterschenkelfrakturen gehoren zu den haufigsten Schaftfrakturen bei Kindern und werden mehrheitlich konservativ behandelt. Die Analyse der Frakturmorphologie und Kenntnis des Remodeling-Potenzials des kindlichen Skeletts sind wichtige Voraussetzungen zur Einleitung der korrekten Therapie. Die konservative Therapie besteht aus einer Gipstherapie uber drei bis sechs Wochen je nach Alter des Kindes. Zudem besteht die Moglichkeit, uber eine Gipskeilung das Repositionsresultat gunstig zu beeinflussen. Die Indikation fur eine operative Therapie beschrankt sich auf stark dislozierte oder instabile sowie offene Frakturen. Im Rahmen der Nachkontrollen werden sekundare Dislokationen sowie Wachstumsstorungen erkannt und behandelt.
International Corporate Prosecutions

One of the most remarkable stories in criminal law is the recent rise of corporate prosecutions across the world. In the past, even in countries that permitted corporations to be prosecuted for crimes, such prosecutions were not a common practice and any fines were minimal. In the past fifteen years, though, in the United States, many of the largest corporate prosecutions in the world have been brought, often involving international crimes by multinational companies. Billion dollar corporate penalties are now a regular occurrence. Multinational prosecutions have also involved cooperation by prosecutors across countries and parallel prosecutions of the same corporation for crimes committed in different countries. Over the past decade and a half, federal prosecutors in the U.S. have adopted an approach in which settlement negotiations with companies are resolved, sometimes through a plea agreement, but in the largest cases, with agreements entered largely out of court and without judicial oversight. These agreements, called deferred and non-prosecution, have added new flexibility but also some additional uncertainty to the practice of corporate prosecutions. This U.S. approach has impacted countries that have sought to emulate the U.S. approach or adopted approaches seeking to improve upon it. In this Chapter, I discuss how this new U.S. approach has altered the international corporate prosecution landscape. This Chapter begins by discussing: (1) varying standards for corporate criminal liability; then (2) underlying corporate crimes and how standards and enforcement approaches may vary depending on the type of crime; (3) settlement approaches towards corporate criminal cases; (4) criticisms of corporate crime settlement approaches; and (5) international approaches and cooperation in corporate crime cases. There are no definitive answers to the question whether to adopt one approach or another towards corporate criminal liability. Corporate crimes can be incredibly costly and serious, but hopefully the experimentation with enforcement approaches will continue to produce increased enforcement and stronger deterrents against corporate crime across the globe.
Die Gründe der idealen Ordnungsgebilde

Als nachstes stellt sich die Frage nach dem Zusammenhang der idealen Ordnungsgebilde mit anderen Gegenstandlichkeiten auserhalb ihrer selbst. Die Bedingungen ihres Auftretens, vor allem aber ihre bestimmenden Grunde sollen hier untersucht werden.
Recognition Sites for Antidepressant Drugs

It has been almost two decades since the discovery that tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors were clinically effective in the treatment of depression. In spite of intensive investigations, neither the mo lecular mechanisms whereby antidepressants operate nor the etiology of this disease is well understood. The knowledge that reserpine, which depletes monoamine stores,1,2 can induce a depressed mood 3 has stimulated speculation on a causal relationship between a defect in monoaminergic transmission and endogenous depression.
Divergence in Accounting Profitability: Accounting Conservatism, New Firms, and Industry Attributes

Recent empirical research has documented a substantial decrease in average accounting profitability. The phenomenon appears inconsistent with the observation that corporate profit as a fraction of national income as remained stable. This paper shows that the downward trend is fully explicable by a growing profitability gap between large and small firms within many industries, especially those with high R&D intensity. We examine the extent to which the divergence is caused by the entry of new firms to the Compustat database and increasing accounting conservatism, such as R&D expensing and accounting accruals. These effects, however, explain the divergence only partially. We further analyze how the rate of divergence is related to several industry attributes, including the industry average R&D intensity, capital intensity, concentration, and growth. The results have significant implications to understanding accounting conservatism, financial statement analysis, and the economics of industrial organizations.
A fracture mechanics analysis of asperity cracking due to sliding contact

Abstract Microfracture of surface protrusions residing on contacting surfaces, known as asperities, due to normal and shear surface traction occurs at various scales affecting the durability and performance of many mechanical components. In this study, microfracture of an asperity due to sliding against a rigid asperity was examined using a two-dimensional (plane strain) finite element model and linear elastic fracture mechanics. The effects of the asperity interference depth, sliding friction, crack position, and crack-face friction on the rate, direction, and dominant mode of crack growth were determined by the ranges of the maximum tensile and shear stress intensity factors. The asperity interference depth and sliding friction exhibited the most pronounced effects on the rate and direction of crack growth. A transition from shear to tensile dominant mode of crack growth was encountered with increasing asperity interference depth and/or sliding friction coefficient. Crack mechanism maps revealing the evolution of opening, slip, and stick between the crack faces are presented for a range of crack-face friction coefficient, asperity interference depth, and sliding friction coefficient. The simulation results provide insight into the underlying microfracture mechanics of asperities residing on sliding surfaces that exhibit different friction characteristics.
Clinicopathological features and surgical outcomes of resected functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A single institution experience

Background: Functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (f-PanNETs) are rare tumors of the pancreas that are associated with excess hormone production. A majority of literature available on these tumors is limited to case reports and small series and discusses a particular subtype. Here, we report the clinicopathological features and outcomes of all f-PanNETs from a high-volume pancreatectomy center. Methods: A prospectively maintained database was used to identify patients who underwent resection for f-PanNETs between January 1995 and December 2015. Patients were stratified by the type of f-PanNET, and their clinicopathological features and outcomes were analyzed and reported. Results: We identified 69 patients with a mean age of 52 ± 16 years, and the majority were female (62%). The most common type of f-PanNET were insulinomas (70%) followed by gastrinomas (15%), and vasoactive intestinal peptidomas (VIPomas) (10%). There was considerable heterogeneity in the presenting symptoms. Patients with insulinomas presented with smaller tumors compared to the other subtypes. Nodal disease was most frequent in patients with VIPomas (71 %), and gastrinomas (50%). The median overall survival (OS) was 7.4 years. Elevated Ki-67 and age >65 years were associated with poorer OS. Recurrence was observed in 8 patients (12%) and was most frequent in patients with VIPomas. Recurrence was associated with a poorer OS (P=.012). Conclusion: f-PanNETs are exceedingly rare and present with a wide variety of symptoms, histopathological findings, and outcomes. Surgical resection can help achieve good long-term survival. Key words: Functional tumor; Outcome; Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
A diurnal carbon engine explains 13C-enriched carbonates without increasing the global production of oxygen.

In the past 3 billion years, significant volumes of carbonate with high carbon-isotopic ( δ 13 C) values accumulated on shallow continental shelves. These deposits frequently are interpreted as records of elevated global organic carbon burial. However, through the stoichiometry of primary production, organic carbon burial releases a proportional amount of O 2 , predicting unrealistic rises in atmospheric p O 2 during the 1 to 100 million year-long positive δ 13 C excursions that punctuate the geological record. This carbon–oxygen paradox assumes that the δ 13 C of shallow water carbonates reflects the δ 13 C of global seawater-dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). However, the δ 13 C of modern shallow-water carbonate sediment is higher than expected for calcite or aragonite precipitating from seawater. We explain elevated δ 13 C in shallow carbonates with a diurnal carbon cycle engine, where daily transfer of carbon between organic and inorganic reservoirs forces coupled changes in carbonate saturation ( Ω A ) and δ 13 C of DIC. This engine maintains a carbon-cycle hysteresis that is most amplified in shallow, sluggishly mixed waters with high rates of photosynthesis, and provides a simple mechanism for the observed δ 13 C-decoupling between global seawater DIC and shallow carbonate, without burying organic matter or generating O2.
Sensor Selection Optimization with Genetic Algorithms

Sensor networks and systems may incorporate sensors and sensor platforms of various quality and security. Current methods of sensor selection fail to produce effective and efficient decisions and to scale up to real-life cases. This paper develops and describes an intelligent optimization technique based on the genetic algorithms, whose execution time could be adjusted to meet real case requirements. The developed technique allows selection optimization based on the aggregation of multiple sensors and sensor platform indicators from quality and security domains. This technique has been implemented, and the empirical study of its execution on Android smartphones has been conducted. The results have been analyzed and prove the technique's efficiency in real-life cases.
Brain Tissue Pulmonary Embolism Due to Severe Blunt Force Head Trauma in a Dog

A 9-week-old male puppy was submitted for necropsy examination after a reported history of developing acute melaena and vomiting blood before death. Grossly, the animal had multiple skull fractures, mostly affecting the occipital region and cranial floor, associated with extensive regions of subcutaneous, periosteal and subdural haemorrhages, as well as petechial haemorrhages within the right middle and caudal lung lobes. Histopathology of the brain revealed multifocal acute meningeal and parenchymal haemorrhage with laceration of the cerebellar folia. In the lung, multiple small- and medium-calibre branches of pulmonary arteries were occluded by aggregates of brain tissue, which exhibited weak immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein and strong labelling for neuron specific enolase on immunohistochemistry. These findings were consistent with brain tissue pulmonary embolism, an infrequent phenomenon following severe head trauma. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of canine brain tissue pulmonary embolism.
MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE TRICUSPID REGURGITATION EXACERBATED BY EXERCISE

Severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Intervention is typically withheld unless surgery on an abnormal left-sided valve is pursued. 65-year-old female presented with worsening dyspnea on exertion and progressive severe functional TR despite
Applying Palliative Care Principles to Communicate with Children about COVID-19

Children are seeing rapid changes to their routines and facing an unpredictable future. Palliative care teams may consider expanding their communication training and skill sets to help families consider caring ways to communicate with their children and grandchildren about the coronavirus. Palliative care teams are wise to encourage families to ground their communication with children on key values: honesty and trust, self-compassion, safety, sensitivity, connection, preparedness, community building, recognition of death as a part of the life cycle, and legacy.
CHAPTER 7 – Processes and Grammars

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the processes and grammars. It discusses how the methods of computability theory can be used to deal with combinatorial problems involving substitution of one substring for another in a string. Given a pair of words on some alphabet, the expression is called a semi-Thue production or simply a production. The term rewrite rule is also used. A semi-Thue process is a finite set of semi-Thue productions. Each stage in a computation by nondeterministic Turing machine is specified completely by the current configuration. The word problem for a semi-Thue process is the problem of determining for any given pair of words on the alphabet. A semi-Thue process is called a Thue process if the inverse of each production in the process is also in the process. The fact that Thue processes are in fact two-way processes is a curious coincidence.
An Introduction to Linear Mixed-Effects Modeling in R:

This Tutorial serves as both an approachable theoretical introduction to mixed-effects modeling and a practical introduction to how to implement mixed-effects models in R. The intended audience is ...
Review of Advances in Experimental Philosophy of Science: by Daniel A. Wilkenfeld and Richard Samuels, London, Bloomsbury, 2019, 264 pp., $103.50, ISBN: 9781350068865

Experimental philosophy is a popular (and polarising) approach to addressing philosophical questions. Though not without controversy, this approach has impacted epistemology (Weinberg, Nichols, and...
A Generalized Model to Estimate Reaction Time Corresponding to Visual Stimulus Using Single-Trial EEG

The estimation of the visual stimulus-based reaction time (RT) using subtle and complex information from the brain signals is still a challenge, as the behavioral response during perceptual decision making varies inordinately across trials. Several investigations have tried to formulate the estimation based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. However, these studies are subject-specific and limited to regression-based analysis. In this paper, for the first time to our knowledge, a generalized model is introduced to estimate RT using single-trial EEG features for a simple visual reaction task, considering both regression and classification-based approaches. With the regression-based approach, we could predict RT with a root mean square error of 111.2 ms and a correlation coefficient of 0.74. A binary and a 3-class classifier model were trained, based on the magnitude of RT, for the classification approach. Accuracy of 79% and 72% were achieved for the binary and the 3-class classification, respectively. Limiting our study to only high and low RT groups, the model classified the two groups with an accuracy of 95%. Relevant EEG channels were evaluated to localize the part of the brain significantly responsible for RT estimation, followed by the isolation of important features.Clinical relevance— Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals can be used in Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), enabling people with neuromuscular disorders like brainstem stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and spinal cord injury to communicate with assistive devices. However, advancements regarding EEG signal analysis and interpretation are far from adequate, and this study is a step forward.
Considerations in Specialty Selections: What Medical Students Think, Know, and Think They Know about Interventional Radiology.

Abstract Purpose To compare the motivation, deterrents, knowledge, exposure, and other specialty considerations of first- to fourth-year medical students interested in interventional radiology (IR) with those who are not. Materials and Methods Matriculants of 5 medical schools varying by region, public/private, class size, and National Institutes of Health research ranking received a 19-question survey with questions about demographics, specialty interests, motivations/deterrents, knowledge, and exposure to IR. Results A total of 25.8% (611/2370) of students completed the survey, of which 20.5% (125/611) expressed interest in IR, and 25% (47/186), 26% (40/153), 24% (34/143), and 3% (3/117) of first-year, second-year, third-year, and fourth-year medical students, respectively, were seriously considering IR. Those interested in IR were less motivated by direct patient care (mean, 2.8/5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6–3.0) and longitudinal patient care (mean, 1.6/5; 95% CI, 1.4–1.7) (both, P .05). Conclusions Although medical students showed interest in IR, they had a limited understanding of IR. IR educators may increase IR interest and understanding among medical students by clarifying the procedural aspects and longitudinal care present in a comprehensive IR practice.
Lower eyelid xanthelasma following hyaluronic acid filler injections to the tear troughs.

Introduction Adverse effects from dermal fillers are uncommon. We report a case of filler-induced xanthelasma at the bilateral infraorbital region in a 43-year-old woman after multiple injections of hyaluronic acid to correct tear trough depression. Material and methods We report a case of a 43-year-old woman with a chief complaint of skin discoloration of the bilateral lower eyelids. Her history was significant for ten sessions of hyaluronic acid filler for tear trough deformity between December 2008 and May 2016. On clinical examination, she exhibited thin, soft, and yellow papules to her lower medial infraorbital hollows. A punch biopsy showed foamy histiocytes with a background of hypervascularization and focal extracellular lipid in the superficial dermis, consistent with xanthelasma. Results Xanthelasma was treated with multiple passes of Er:YAG laser (Sciton Contour TRL) with a 4 mm spot size, fluence 7.5 J/cm2, and ablate/coagulate 50/50 at 6 Hz until clearance occurred. The perilesional skin was treated with 1-2 passes, fluence 7.5 J/cm2, ablate/coagulate 50/0 to blend in the cosmetic unit. Six-month follow-up showed notable improvement of all lesions. Discussion There is a paucity of treatments described for filler-induced xanthelasma reaction. While broad conclusions cannot be drawn from one case, our experience indicates that complete resolution can be achieved with Er:YAG ablation. We hypothesize that this laser is an optimal treatment, as it can vaporize the lipid contents while minimizing adverse effects, such as scars and hyperpigmentation.
Intersectional Metasemantic Adequacy

This chapter first introduces and argues for a constraint on metasemantic theorizing called General Metasemantic Adequacy, which says that any acceptable metasemantic theory must comport with our strongest first-order commitments, including our strongest first-order political commitments. Then, by taking this general principle together with the theory of intersectionality described in Chap. 8, I argue for another more specific constraint on metasemantic theorizing, Intersectional Metasemantic Adequacy. This constraint says that any acceptable metasemantics must comport with first-order truths about intersectionality, including most crucially facts about misinformation, misrepresentation, and the spread of false beliefs that undergird the matrix of domination.
Increased left and right atrial volume indices are associated with decreased survival times post-cardiac arrest.

BACKGROUND Left and right atrial volume indices (LAVI and RAVI) are markers of cardiac remodeling. LAVI and RAVI are associated with worse outcomes in other cardiac conditions. This study aimed to determine the associations of these atrial volume indices with survival time post-cardiac arrest. METHODS This was a single center, retrospective study of patients with a sudden cardiac arrest event during index hospitalization from 2014-2018 based on pre-arrest parameters. The analysis was stratified based on whether a pulseless ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (pVT/VF) event or a pulseless electrical activity (PEA)/asystole event occurred. Cox proportional hazards regression and model selection with best subsets approach evaluated the association of atrial volume parameters with survival times in the context of other covariates. RESULTS Of 305 patients studied (64 ± 14 years, 37% female), the mean LAVI was 34.0 ± 15.8 mL/m2 (based on 162 reliable measurements), and mean RAVI was 25.0 ± 15.6 mL/m2 (based on 163 measurements). Increased atrial volume indices were most strongly associated with survival in patients who had sustained pVT/VF (LAVI HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.25-0.90, p = 0.020; RAVI HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.30-1.05, p = 0.074). In multivariable best subsets Cox regression with LAVI, RAVI, and 13 other scaled covariates, LAVI < 34 ml/m2 was by far the best single predictor of survival (p < 0.0001), and the next best predictor was the absence of pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSION Among patients with cardiac arrest from ventricular arrhythmias, those with no more than mild left atrial enlargement pre-arrest by LAVI measurement had the best prognosis. Additional studies are indicated to validate the importance of this finding for clinical management decisions. CONDENSED ABSTRACT In patients with sudden cardiac arrest associated with ventricular arrhythmias, a left atrial volume index (LAVI) < 34 mL/m2 prior to the arrest had the strongest association with survival among fifteen candidate predictors. Pulmonary hypertension was more common in patients with an elevated right atrial volume index (RAVI), and the absence of pulmonary hypertension was the next best pre-arrest parameter predictive of survival. Larger studies are indicated to validate the use of LAVI for clinical management decisions in this condition.
Service needs for corrections-involved parents with a history of problematic opioid use: a community needs assessment.

The incarceration of a parent is often a continuation of a challenging family situation marked by poverty, unstable housing, trauma, and abuse. These challenges make it difficult for incarcerated parents reentering their communities to raise their children effectively and, thus, increase the likelihood of poor outcomes for their children. Children whose parents are also battling opioid misuse have an even higher risk for long-term problems. This study uses survey data from 48 community service providers to better understand the service needs of parents with histories of problematic opioid use who are reentering their communities after incarceration. Community service providers recommended implementing intervention programs that cover critical information related to basic needs, supportive community resources, drug treatment programs, and parenting to help individuals thrive in their communities and meet their children's needs. The services most frequently identified by providers as important for reentering parents included housing, mentors or peer counselors, mental health support, group therapy and other support programs. Key topics to address in parenting programs included problem-solving techniques, the effect of parent's addiction on children, and strategies for connecting with and meeting children's needs. Suggestions are made for future research and intervention development.
Scalable Qubit Representations of Neutrino Mixing Matrices

Oscillating neutrino beams exhibit quantum coherence over distances of thousands of kilometers. Their unambiguously quantum nature suggests an appealing test system for direct quantum simulation. Such techniques may enable presently analytically intractable calculations involving multi-neutrino entanglements, such as collective neutrino oscillations in supernovae, but only once oscillation phenomenology is properly re-expressed in the language of quantum circuits. Here we resolve outstanding conceptual issues regarding encoding of arbitrarily mixed neutrino flavor states in the Hilbert space of an n-qubit quantum computer. We introduce algorithms to encode mixing and oscillation of any number of flavor-mixed neutrinos, both with and without CP-violation, with an efficient number of prescriptive input parameters in terms of sub-rotations of the PMNS matrix in standard form. Examples encoded for an IBM-Q quantum computer are shown to converge to analytic predictions both with and without CP-violation.
Need, utilization, and configuration of a large, multi-G centrifuge on the Space Station

A large, multi-g centrifuge is required on the Space Station (1) to provide valid 1-g controls for the study of zero-g effects on animals and plants and to study readaptation to 1 g; (2) to store animals at 1 g prior to short-term zero-g experimentation; (3) to permit g-level threshold studies of gravity effects. These requirements can be met by a 13-ft-diam., center-mounted centrifuge, on which up to 48 modular habitats with animals (squirrel monkey, rat, mouse) and plants are attached. The advantages of locating this centrifuge with the vivarium, a common environmental control and life support system, a general-purpose work station and storage of food, water, and supplies in an attached short module, are elaborated. Servicing and operation of the centrifuge, as well as minimizing its impact on other Space Station functions are also considered.
Controller design with mixed uncertainties

In this paper we develop a procedure to tackle the mixed (real and complex) /spl mu/ synthesis problem. The procedure involves a "D,G-K iteration" between computing the mixed /spl mu/ upper bound, and solving an H/sub /spl infin// optimal control problem.
Nonstructural carbohydrate supplementation of yearling heifers and range beef cows.

A digestion study with 28 yearling heifers (428 +/- 9.9 kg; Exp. 1) and a 2-yr winter grazing trial with 60 crossbred cows (552 +/- 6.9 kg; Exp. 2) were used to determine the effects of level of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) supplementation on intake and digestibility of low-quality forage. Treatments were as follows: 1) control, no supplement; 2) 0.32 kg of NSC (1.8 kg/d of soybean hulls and soybean meal; DM basis); 3) 0.64 kg of NSC (1.7 kg/d of wheat middlings; DM basis); and 4) 0.96 kg of NSC (1.7 kg/d of barley and soybean meal; DM basis). Supplements provided 0.34 kg of CP/d and 5.1 Mcal of ME/d. In Exp. 1, heifers were individually fed hay (5.5% CP, DM basis) and their respective supplements in Calan gates for 28 d. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design. In Exp. 2, cows were individually fed supplement on alternate days, and grazed a single rangeland pasture stocked at 1.8 ha/ animal unit month. Two ruminally cannulated cows were used per treatment to obtain forage extrusa and to measure in situ DM disappearance (DMD) and carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) activity of particle-associated ruminal microbes. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with the effects of treatment, year, and their interaction. In both experiments, Cr2O3 boluses were used to determine fecal output, individual animal was the experimental unit, and contrasts were used to test linear and quadratic effects of NSC level and control vs. supplemented treatments. In Exp. 1, hay and diet DM, NDF, and CP intakes and digestibilities were increased (P 7), but decreased forage digestion and intake when cows grazed forage with adequate CP relative to energy (digestible OM:CP < 7). Forage and supplement digestible OM:CP seemed to be superior predictors of response to supplementation with NSC compared with forage CP levels alone.
Incidence of recurrent seizures following hospital discharge in patients with LPDs (PLEDs) and nonconvulsive seizures recorded on continuous EEG in the critical care setting

Abstract Purpose Continuous EEG (cEEG) has helped to identify nonconvulsive seizures (NCS) and nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) along with lateralized periodic patterns (LPDs or PLEDs) in ICU patients with much higher frequency than previously appreciated, but understanding their implications may be more complex. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of recurrent seizures after hospital discharge and their associated factors in patients with PLEDs and NCS in the critical care setting. Methods After IRB approval, we used our EEG reporting database to find 200 consecutive patients who had PLEDs and/or NCSs on cEEG. Patients with less than 3 months of follow-up were excluded. Remaining patients were divided into three groups: PLEDs + Seizure (NCS/NCSE), PLEDs only, and Seizures (NCS/NCSE) only. Medical records were reviewed to gather demographical and clinical details. Univariate data analysis was done using JMP 9.0 (Marlow, Buckinghamshire, UK). Results There were 51 patients in ‘PLEDs + Seizure’ group, 45 in ‘PLEDs only’ group, and 22 in ‘Seizure only’ group. Ischemic stroke, hemorrhage, and tumors were the top three etiologies. Nearly 47% of our study population had postdischarge seizures during a mean follow-up period of 11.9 (+/− 6) months. We found that 24.4% of patients in the PLEDs only group had seizures after discharge, which increased to 60.7% if they had seizures as well during their ICU stay. Slightly more than 52% of patients had a postdischarge EEG, of which, 59% was in the form of inpatient cEEG during a rehospitalization, accounting for 30.5% of the total study population. It was an indicator of high readmission rates in this population. Conclusion Almost every other patient with PLEDs and/or NCS on cEEG had seizures after ICU discharge. A quarter of patients on cEEG in the ICU with PLEDs alone had seizures after discharge, and after excluding prior epilepsy, 17% of patients with PLEDs had seizures on follow-up. This was dramatically increased with the recording of PLEDs with NCS, with 60% of patients having seizures after discharge from the ICU and 48% of patients after excluding prior epilepsy. Patients with NCS on cEEG alone had 63% chance of seizure recurrence that dropped to 38% with exclusion of prior epilepsy. Future studies are needed to define the postdischarge outcomes including seizure recurrence in this patient population. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “Status Epilepticus”.
Reliable control to actuator signal attenuation-type faults

Controller designs are presented that are robust to partial actuator signal losses in linear systems. Design ranges are specified for the attenuation factor on each actuator signal. Both closed-loop stability and a prespecified H/sub /spl infin// norm bound are guaranteed for any combination of actuator attenuation-type failures in the design ranges. The reliable controller designs derived are related to associated soft-constrained (nonlinear) min-max-max game problems. Two choices of regulated-output variable are made. When the control signal is weighted by the attenuation factor in the cost functional, no nontrivial Nash equilibrium solution exists among pure strategies, but a reliable controller design is found corresponding to the upper value of the game. When the control signal is not weighted by the attenuation factor in the cost functional, a Nash (saddle-point) equilibrium solution exists with game value zero, resulting in a second reliable controller design. >
Sex categorization among preschool children: increasing utilization of sexually dimorphic cues.

Two studies examined how children between ages 4 and 6 use body shape (i.e., the waist-to-hip-ratio [WHR]) for sex categorization. In Study 1 (N = 73), 5- and 6-year-olds, but not 4-year-olds, selected bodies with increasingly discrepant WHRs to be “most like a man” and “most like a woman.” Similarly, sex category judgments made by 5- and 6-year-olds, but not 4-year-olds, varied with WHR. In Study 2 (N = 41), eye movements indicated the functional use of waist and hips in sex categorization. Visual scanning behavior predicted the degree of association between WHR and judgment. Collectively, these results suggest that the ability to exploit sexual dimorphism to compel categorization develops between the ages of 4 and 6. Implications for theories of gender development and psychological essentialism are discussed.
Optimum Kalman detector/corrector for fault-tolerant linear processing

Optimum recursive Kalman estimation theory is applied to protect linear processing operations where intermittent hardware failures are detected and corrected using parity values determined by a real convolutional code. The mean-square error in corrected data outputs is optimized. State and parity measurement equations that model faults and computational noise in both the linear processing and parity generation subassemblies are established. First, the optimum Kalman one-step predictor which makes decisions on all parity values up to the present point is determined. This estimator separates naturally into detection and correction operations with correction applied only after detection levels exceed thresholds. Detection operations involve parity recomputations and provide the inputs to the correction subsystem. The one-step predictor results extend to a smoothed Kalman estimator performing detection and correction using parity values beyond the point possibly being corrected. System implementations for recursive Kalman smoothing corrects based on one-step predictors' quantities are presented.
Report synthesizes findings from International Polar Year

The International Polar Year (IPY) 2007–2008 “was an outstanding success,” according to a National Research Council (NRC) report released 3 April. The report, Lessons and Legacies of the International Polar Year 2007–2008, synthesized reports from the thousands of scientists who participated in IPY. IPY was a coordinated international field campaign of observations, research, and analysis. Scientific observing and monitoring infrastructure was expanded, and scientists from more than 60 countries in a wide range of fields, including glaciology, atmospheric science, geoscience, space science, oceanography, biology, ecology, and the social sciences, participated in IPY activities.
SU‐FF‐T‐362: Dosimetric Evaluation of the OneDose MOSFET for Measuring Kilovoltage Imaging Dose From Image‐Guided Radiotherapy

Purpose: There is a growing interest to determine and to manage the additional imagedose to radiotherapy patients. An easy‐to‐use in vivo dosimeter would be very useful for kilovoltage (kV) x‐rays used in IGRT. This study aims to provide the dosimetric characteristics of the commercially available OneDose™ for measuring dose from kV x‐rays with energy ranging from 60 to 125 kVp used in IGRT procedures with respect to reproducibility and energy correction factors. Method and Materials: The OneDoseTM system consists of a small MOSFETdosimeter with overall physical dimensions of 6 mm wide, 33 mm long, and < 1 mm thick and a portable handheld battery‐powered reader. The dosimeter is wireless with adhesive backing to stick to patient's skin. This single‐use dosimeter was pre‐calibrated by the manufacturer using Co‐60 beams. The energy response for kV x‐rays produced by a Varian OBI system was determined by using an ionization chamber in which the air‐kerma calibration factors were obtained from an Accredited DosimetryCalibration Laboratory (ADCL). Results: The dosimeters have reproducible readings with a deviation of 1–4% for imagingdose of only a few cGy. The energy correction factors were found to be 0.27 – 0.32 for kV x‐rays from the OBI system ranging from 60 to 125 kVp including beams from cone‐beam CT.Conclusion: OneDose™ dosimeter has a similar reproducibility when used for measuring dose from kV photon beams as that when used for measuring dose from MV photon beams. A correction factor that is energy dependent must be applied because of the over‐responds to x‐rays in the diagnostic energy range. The ease‐to‐use allows the OneDose™ dosimeter to be suitable for in vivo dosimetry of measuring doses resulting from imaging guidance. Conflict of Interest: Research sponsored by Sicel Technologies, Inc. Morrisville NC.
Language Disorders: A 10-Year Research Update Review

ABSTRACT Objective To review the past 10 years of research in child language or communication disorders, which are highly prevalent in the general population and comorbid with childhood psychiatric disorders. Method A literature search of 3 major databases was conducted. The child language literature, describing the domains of language development-phonology, grammar, semantics, and pragmatics-is reviewed. Results Disorders of grammar, semantics, and pragmatics, but not phonology, overlap significantly with childhood psychiatric disorders. Receptive language disorders have emerged as high-risk indicators, often undiagnosed. Language disorders and delays are psychiatric risk factors and have implications for evaluation, therapy, and research. However, they are often undiagnosed in child mental health and community settings. The research has focused mostly on monolingual English-speaking children. Conclusion Awareness of basic child language development, delay, and deviance is crucial for the practicing child and adolescent psychiatrist, who must diagnose and refer relevant cases for treatment and remediation. Future research needs to address the growing language diversity of our clinical populations.
Synthesis of branched-chain sugar derivatives related to aldgarose

Abstract Ethynylation of 1,2:5,6-di- O -isopropylidene-α- D -ribo-hexofuranos-3-ulose ( 1 ) gave the 3- C -ethynyl allo derivative 2 , together with an adduct ( 3 ) resulting from interaction of two molecules of 1 with one of acetylene. Lithium aluminum hydride reduced the acetylenes 2 and 3 to the corresponding alkenes 4 and 8 ; on sequential ozonolysis-borohydride reduction, these both gave 3- C -(hydroxymethyl)-1,2:5,6-di- O -isopropylidene-α- D -allofuranose ( 6 ), further characterized as its 3,3 1 -cyclic carbonate 9 . Ozonolysis of the acetylene 2 gave the 3 1 ,5-lactone ( 5 ) of the 3- C -carboxy analog, thus establishing the stereochemistry of 2, which was independently established by n.m.r. spectroscopy employing a lanthanide shift-reagent. Treatment of 2 with mercuric acetate in ethyl acetate, followed by hydrogen sulfide, gave a mixture of the 3- C -acetyl-3- O -acetyl derivative 10 and a product ( 11 ) derived from internal cyclization of 5,6-deacetonated, O -deacetylated 10 . Reduction of 10 with lithium aluminum hydride gave a separable mixture of diastereoisomeric 3- C -(l-hydroxy-ethyl) derivatives ( 12a , 12b ) that were individually converted into their corresponding 3,3 1 -cyclic carbonates 13a and 13b , products that contain the branch functionality of the unusual, branched-chain sugar aldgarose.
The academic quality of AI journals and the role of AI in the MIS curriculum: Perspectives of business faculty

Abstract In this paper, we report the results of the first phase of a three-part study of the emerging role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as an academic discipline. The stratification among journals that are formal communication vehicles for AI research is described and analyzed. Based on a survey of business faculty from AACSB-accredited schools around the country, 30 leading AI journals are ranked and evaluated, in terms of their academic quality and reputation. The paper also reports on the progress toward the development of a cumulative tradition for AI and its foundation. The second phase of this research focuses on the knowledge utilization of AI researchers and practitioners. In the third phase, the findings from the above two studies will be analyzed and used as a basis to develop a taxonomy of research for Artificial Intelligence.