International conflict resolution after the Cold War

Preface Conflict Resolution in a Changing World Committee on International Conflict Resolution Traditional and Emerging Strategies for International Conflict Resolution What Works in a Changed World? The Challenge of Developing Usable Knowledge About the Studies Some Recurring Themes Evaluating Interventions in History: The Case of International Conflict Resolution Paul C. Stern and Daniel Druckman Challenges of Evaluation Meeting the Challenges Conclusion Defining Moment: The Threat and Use of Force in American Foreign Policy Since 1989 Barry M. Blechman and Tamara Cofman Wittes How Threats Are Evaluated Case Studies Conclusion Economic Sanctions and Post-Cold War Conflicts: Challenges for Theory and Policy Bruce W. Jentleson Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Sanctions Research Analytical Framework: Sanctions as a Coercive Bargaining Strategy Sanctions in the Post-Cold War Era: Patterns and Analysis Toward a Strategy of "Sanctions Realism": Challenges for Theory and Policy Spoiler Problems in Peace Processes Stephen John Stedman Spoilers: A Preliminary Typology Strategies of Spoiler Management Case Studies of Spoiler Management Spoiler Management: Evaluating Success and Failure Conclusion Ripeness: The Hurting Stalemate and Beyond I. William Zartman Ripeness Theory in Practice Ripeness in Action Proposed Refinements to the Theory Conclusion Interactive Conflict Resolution: A View for Policy Makers on Making and Building Peace Harold H. Saunders, with contributions by Louise Diamond, Herbert C. Kelman, John Marks, Joseph V. Montville, and Vamik Volkan The Multilevel Peace Process Interactive Conflict Resolution: What Is It? Interactive Conflict Resolution: Principles and Process Evaluating Interactive Conflict Resolution Snapshots of Interactive Conflict Resolution What Have We Learned? The Challenges of Cumulative Experience Interactive Conflict Resolution: Issues in Theory, Methodology, and Evaluation Nadim N. Rouhana Methods and Objectives in Interactive Conflict Resolution Ascertaining that Interactive Conflict Resolution Attains Its Microobjectives Does Interactive Conflict Resolution Attain Its Macrogoals? Conceptualizing the Impact of Interactive Conflict Resolution: Plausible Effects Research and Methodological Issues Why the Impact of Interactive Conflict Resolution is Likely to Be Overestimated Increasing the Value and Augmenting the Impact of Interactive Conflict Resolution Summary and Conclusion Past Truths, Present Dangers: The Role of Official Truth Seeking in Conflict Resolution and Prevention Priscilla B. Hayner The Emergence of Truth Commissions as a Transitional Tool Truth Commissions and the Prevention or Resolution of Violent Conflicts Gauging Success Conclusion New Challenges to Conflict Resolution: Humanitarian Nongovernmental Organizations in Complex Emergencies Janice Gross Stein Complex Humanitarian Emergencies and the New Challenges Evidence and Case Selection The Critics: Humanitarianism as an Obstacle to Conflict Resolution Addressing the Challenge Conclusion Electoral Systems and Conflict in Divided Societies Ben Reilly and Andrew Reynolds Introduction Developing an Analytical Framework for a Contingent Theory of Electoral System Design The World of Electoral Systems The Importance of the Process Which Led to the Choice of Electoral System Electoral Systems and Conflict Management Conclusions Advice for Policy Makers Autonomy as a Strategy for Diffusing Conflict Yash Ghai Autonomy as a Conflict-Resolving Device The Legal Bases for Autonomy Pros and Cons of Autonomy: An Overview of Experience and Some Arguments Criteria for Judging the Success of Autonomy Experiences of Autonomy: Propositions Conclusion Language Conflict and Violence: The Straw that Strengthens the Camel's Back David D. Laitin The Relationship of Language to Political Conflict The Route from Ethnic Conflict to Ethnic Violence How Can a Straw Strengthen the Camel's Back? Comparative Speculations Policy Analysis Summary and Conclusion The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe: Its Contribution to Conflict Prevention and Resolution P. Terrence Hopmann Development and Institutionalization of the CSCE/OSCE The OSCE Role in Conflict Prevention, Cease-Fire Mediation Conflict Resolution, and Postconflict Security Building Conclusion About the Authors