cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers for assessing genetic relationships and diversity in sugarcane germplasm collections

Characterization of wild germplasm provides essential information on genetic diversity that breeders utilize for crop improvement. The potential of the sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) technique, which preferentially amplifies gene-rich regions, was evaluated to assess the genetic relationships among members of the Saccharum species. A panel of 31 SRAP primer combinations were used to score 30 genotypes of Saccharum officinarum, Saccharum spontaneum, Saccharum robustum, Saccharum sinense, Saccharum barberi and sugarcane hybrids, with Miscanthus and Erianthus included as outgroups. The amplifications produced 1364 DNA fragments for an average of 44 per primer combination, with 83% (1135) being polymorphic and 8.7% (119) being species specific. Based on the Dice index, all 30 genotypes were differentiated from each other with genetic similarity (GS) estimates ranging from 0.60 to 0.96 (mean = 0.79). Both the dendrogram [obtained by the unweighted pairgroup method with arithmetic mean or (UPGMA)] and the non-metric multidimensional scaling method grouped the genotypes according to their phylogenetic relationships. Erianthus and Miscanthus were separated as two outgroups (at GS levels of 0.56 and 0.72, respectively) into two major clusters: cluster I separated the S. robustum, S. sinense, S. barberi and hybrids as different subgroups with each one including some S. officinarum clones, while cluster II included the S. spontaneum clones, exclusively. A S. officinarum–S. spontaneum sequence comparison of some of the monomorphic and polymorphic bands revealed 65–90% homology with rice, corn or sugarcane sequences deposited in databases. The high discriminatory power coupled with the possibility that most of the amplicons may be amplifying gene-rich regions of the genome makes SRAP a potentially robust tool for genetic mapping aimed at marker-assisted introgression in sugarcane.
Numerical modeling of aquaculture dissolved waste transport in a coastal embayment

Marine aquaculture is expanding rapidly without reliable quantification of efflu- ents. The present study focuses on understanding the transport of dissolved wastes from aquaculture pens in near-coastal environments using the hydrodynamics code SUNTANS (Stanford Unstructured Nonhydrostatic Terrain-following Adaptive Navier-Stokes Simula- tor), which employs unstructured grids to compute flows in the coastal ocean at very high resolution. Simulations of a pollutant concentration field (in time and space) as a function of the local environment (bathymetry), flow conditions (tides and wind-induced currents), and the location of the pens were performed to study their effects on the evolution of the waste
Fever in Pediatric Primary Care: Occurrence, Management, and Outcomes

Objective. To describe the epidemiology, management, and outcomes of children with fever in pediatric primary care practice. Patients. A cohort of 20 585 children 3 to 36 months of age cared for in 11 pediatric offices of a health maintenance organization between 1991 and 1994. Methods. Using automated medical records we identified all office visits with temperatures ≥38°C for a random sample of 5000 children, and analyzed diagnoses conferred, laboratory tests performed, and antibiotics prescribed. We also determined the frequency of in-person and telephone follow-up after initial visits for fever. Finally, we reviewed hospital claims data for the entire cohort of 20 585 to identify cases of meningitis, meningococcal sepsis, and death from infection. Results. Among 3819 initial visits of an illness episode, 41% of children had no diagnosed bacterial or specific viral source. Of these, 13% with a temperature of 38°C to 39°C and 36% with a temperature of ≥39°C received laboratory testing. Almost half (43%) received some documented follow-up care in the subsequent 7 days. Among the 26 970 child-years of observation in the entire cohort, 15 children (56 per 100 000 child-years) were treated for bacterial meningitis or meningococcal sepsis. Five had an office visit for fever in the week before hospitalization, but only 1 had documented fever ≥39°C and received neither laboratory testing for occult bacteremia nor treatment with an antibiotic. Conclusion. The majority of febrile children in ambulatory settings were diagnosed with a bacterial infection and treated with an antibiotic. Of highly febrile children without a source, 36% received laboratory testing consistent with published expert recommendations, and short-term follow-up was common. Meningitis or death after an office visit for fever without a source was predictably rare. These data suggest that increased testing and/or treatment of febrile children beyond the rates observed here are unlikely to affect population rates of meningitis substantially.
Creolization and indigeneity

C O MMENTAR Y et me begin with a confession that will also serve as a way to situate my commentary. As early as the mid-1980s in graduate school, I bristled when classmates and professors insisted that Indigenous cultural formations that I was studying in the Pacific Islands region were creolizations. In the ensuing decade, I found myself actively resisting cultural studies from the Caribbean as a required model for work that I and colleagues would, nonetheless, champion as a Native Pacific cultural studies, although I always wanted to think that my resistance had more to do with how Caribbean theory had been taken up in academia (e.g., as what was theoretically in vogue) rather than with anything fundamentally wrong with the material itself. Still, the rub, I and other like-minded Pacific Islander scholars felt, had to do with an elision of specifically Indigenous histories, central in Pacific Islands studies, and the marginality of specifically Indigenous Pacific Islander forms of knowledge production in the U.S. academic-industrial complex. Two decades later, Viranjini Munasinghe's strategic purification (this issue) of what turns out to be an interesting and salvageable schizophrenic theory of Caribbean creolization, particularly through her ethnographic material on East Indians in Trinidad, has proven to be a useful if provisional framework for extending, still cautiously, creolization theory to processes of indigenization in the Pacific. Munasinghe's optimism about the analytical and political value of this homegrown but widely traveled theory of cultural change is noteworthy, given how the theory is predicated on essentializing non-Creole cultural formations and its conflation of pure analytic and ideological registers. What I find useful is-as Sally Engle Merry and Donald Brenneis (2004) have asserted provocatively of Indo-Fijians relative to Native Hawaiians in the Pacific-how the East Indian case in the Caribbean might stand provisionally as an analogy for indigeneity vis-A-vis creolization theory, inasmuch as indigeneity relies historically on cultural mixing to survive, and to the extent that that history can be marshaled as important theoretical and political corrective in its own right. The tactic that makes this compelling, in my opinion, is Munasinghe's insistence on distinguishing
Peroxisomal membrane monocarboxylate transporters: evidence for a redox shuttle system?

One of the many functions of liver peroxisomes is the β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. It is essential for the continuation of peroxisomal β-oxidation that a redox shuttle system exist across the peroxisomal membrane to reoxidize NADH. We propose that this redox shuttle system consists of a substrate cycle between lactate and pyruvate. Here we present evidence that purified peroxisomal membranes contain both monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT 1) and MCT 2 and that along with peroxisomal lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) form a Peroxisomal Lactate Shuttle. Peroxisomal β-oxidation was greatly stimulated by the addition of pyruvate and this increase was partially inhibited by the addition of the MCT blocker α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (CINN). We also found that peroxisomes generated lactate in the presence of pyruvate. Together these data provide compelling that the Peroxisome Lactate Shuttle helps maintain organelle redox and the proper functioning of peroxisomal β-oxidation.
Bacteriuria and Excess Mortality: What Should the Next Steps Be?

Population studies have been reviewed that demonstrate that bacteriuria confers an increased risk of earlier death and that this risk is greater in older-age groups. Whether this relationship is due to the capacity of bacteria to infect selectively those who are already seriously ill or is a direct consequence of the presence of bacteria remains to be decided. However, studies have already demonstrated that the excess mortality associated with bacteriuria in hospitalized patients with indwelling catheters can be greatly reduced by simple devices that prevent bacteriuria and that this reduction in rates of bacteriuria is accompanied by a corresponding significant decline in associated mortality. The time is therefore right for a large-scale, controlled clinical trial of the effect on mortality of treatment of bacteriuria in older-age populations. However, such a trial cannot be conducted in the manner in which such studies have been conducted in the past--i.e., with a single course of treatment given over a brief time as the only method of therapy. Instead, more individualized treatment will be necessary if the effect of bacteriuria on mortality in the general population is to be investigated in a scientifically sound manner.
Airy's functions implementation of the transfer-matrix method for resonant tunneling in variably spaced finite superlattices

We improve the Airy's function version of the transfer-matrix method by presenting it in a form which is free of the common problems: numerical inefficiency for low-applied voltages and an inability to compute the energies of some quasi-bound states. In particular, we show that the transfer-function method can be used to study the negative-energy resonances which do not affect the tunneling transmission coefficient. Since this approach is based on the exact solution of Schrodinger's equation within the effective-mass approximation, it can be used to verify other computational methods used in the theory of resonant tunneling. After mathematical errors present in some of the earlier applications of the Airy's functions method are removed, an excellent agreement is reached between the transmission coefficient, energies of the bound and quasi-bound states, and I-V characteristics of the finite superlattices computed by different techniques. The proposed version of the transfer-matrix method is used to investigate the effective-barrier symmetry in electrically biased double-barrier structures.
Synchronization recovery of variable-length codes

The synchronization recovery property of variable-length (VL) codes has been extensively studied. In the paper, the mean error propagation length (MEPL) and the variance of error propagation length (VEPL), which are the secondary performance criteria of a VL code, are introduced to measure the synchronization recovery capability of a VL code. For the same probability distribution, there exist many different VL codes which have the same redundancy as the Huffman code but quite different MEPLs and VEPLs. To find one of the VL codes which has the minimum MEPL is a very difficult problem. We present two design algorithms for finding minimum-redundancy VL codes with short MEPL and VEPL. These two algorithms are simple and have the property that the codewords are assigned one by one. The efficiency of the algorithms are tested extensively by comparing the algorithms with known construction methods available in literature. Actually, VL codes obtained by the two algorithms outperform almost all codes available.
Technology Acceptance Predictors among Student Teachers and Experienced Classroom Teachers.

This study investigated 160 student teachers' and 158 experienced teachers' self-reported computer usage and their future intentions to use computer applications for school assignments. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was used as the framework to determine computer usage and intentions. Statistically significant results showed that after completing a student teaching practicum, students have greater intentions to integrate computer applications into their lessons. Both student and experienced teachers perceived computer usage as useful for their classroom lessons. No differences between the teacher groups were found for computer usage activities (i.e., student assignments, teacher-led classroom lessons, and administrative work). However, experienced teachers used spreadsheets and subject-specific and educational software to a greater extent than did student teachers. Practical suggestions are made for teacher preparation programs and educational technology researchers. Recommendations propose the ex...
Use of MR Cell Tracking to Evaluate Targeting of Glial Precursor Cells to Inflammatory Tissue by Exploiting the Very Late Antigen-4 Docking Receptor

Intraarterial image-guided delivery of cells overexpressing the docking molecule very late antigen-4 proved to be an effective strategy for widespread targeting of cells to inflammatory brain tissue, which can be monitored in a clinically applicable manner by using MR imaging cell tracking.
Concurrent token ring protocol

Concurrent token ring (CTR), a multiple-access protocol for ring-type area networks, is proposed. In CTR, message frames are partially removed by the destination node. A truncated portion of the frame, which contains the source and destination addresses, is configured by the destination into a conditional token which is allowed to circulate back to the source for removal. The conditional token informs 'downstream' nodes of busy data paths and allows them to establish concurrent message transmission if resources are free. Simulation results indicate that the CTR protocol has a higher throughput and shorter transmission delay than the IEEE 802.5 token ring. >
Changes in Weight and Health Behaviors from Freshman through Senior Year of College

Abstract Objective To assess weight changes, exercise and diet behaviors among college students from the beginning of freshman year until the end of senior year. Design Longitudinal observational study. Setting Private university in St. Louis, Missouri. Participants College students (138 females, 66 males). Main Outcome Measures Weight and height were measured, body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and exercise and dietary behaviors were assessed by questionnaire. Analysis Changes in weight, BMI, exercise, and dietary patterns from the beginning of freshman year to the end of senior year. Results Females gained 1.7 ± 4.5 kg (3.75 ± 9.92 lb) [mean ± SD] from freshman to senior year, and males gained 4.2 ± 6.4 kg (9.26 ± 14.11 lb) (both P Conclusions and Implications Weight gain was common but variable among college students. Importantly, exercise and dietary patterns did not meet the recommended guidelines for many college students, which may have long-term health implications.
How to construct more accurate student models: comparing and optimizing knowledge tracing and performance factor analysis

Student modeling is a fundamental concept applicable to a variety of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS). However, there is not a lot of practical guidance on how to construct and train such models. This paper compares two approaches for student modeling, Knowledge Tracing (KT) and Perlbrmance Factors Analysis (PFA), by evaluating their predictive accuracy on individual student practice opportunities. We explore the space of design decisions for each approach and find a set of "best practices" for each. In a head to head comparison, we find that PFA has considerably higher predictive accuracy than KT. In addition to being more accurate, we lbund that PFA's parameter estimates were more plausible. Our best-performing model was a variant of PFA that ignored the tutor's transfer model; that is, it assumed all skills influenced performance on all problems. One possible implication is that this result is a general one suggesting there is benefit from considering models that incorporate information from more than the typical handful of skills associated with a problem in the transfer model. Alternately, an explanation for this result is the transfer model that our tutor uses is particularly weak. We also found that both KT and PFA have relatively low predictive accuracy for cases where students generate incorrect responses, and 2/3 of the model's errors are false positives, indicating a better means of determining when students will make mistakes is needed.
Proactive power migration to reduce maximum value and spatiotemporal non-uniformity of on-chip temperature distribution in homogeneous many-core processors

This paper presents a proactive spatiotemporal power multiplexing method to manage the thermal field in many-core processors. We first analyze the thermal field in many core processors in deep nanometer (to 16nm nodes). We show that the thermal field in many-core can have significant spatiotemporal non-uniformity along with high maximum temperature. For better reliability and improved cooling efficiency, it is important to achieve a lower peak temperature and a more uniform thermal field under all workload or utilization conditions. We propose proactive power migration to reduce spatial and temporal temperature difference, by redistributing the heat generating locations. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated for a 256 core many-core processor in predictive 16nm nodes.
The Stochastic Growth of a Rain Droplet

Abstract Two approaches are used in this theoretical analysis of the stochastic growth by coalescence of a single, large cloud droplet (rain droplet) as it falls through cloud droplets whose sizes and spatial locations are specified statistically. In the first approach, moments are taken of a linearized, difference-kernel, coalescence equation. The first and second moments are used to predict the mean and variance of the statistical density function for the mass of the rain droplet. The results are compared with a recent numerical prediction. In the second approach, an appropriate Fokker-Planck equation is obtained. This equation is derived both from the linearized coalescence equation and from an elementary statistical model. An exact solution to the Fokker-Planck equation is derived and plots of the evolution of the statistical density function for the mass of the rain droplet are presented. These results are compared with those based on a Gaussian distribution.
Particulate Formation and Control Technologies

Particulate matter is the general term used for a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air. As discussed in detail earlier in the book, these small particles come in a wide range of sizes and originate from many different stationary and mobile sources as well as natural sources. Fine particles, those less than 2.5 μm (i.e., PM 2.5 ), result from fuel combustion from motor vehicles, power generation, industrial facilities, and residential fireplaces and wood stoves. Coarse particles, those larger than 2.5 μm but classified as less than 10 μm (i.e., PM 10 ), are generally emitted from non-combustion sources although some particles are emitted directly from sources such as smokestacks and cars. In other cases, gases such as SO 2 , NO x , and volatile organic compounds react with other compounds in the air to form fine particles. In general, airborne particles range in size from 0.001 to 500 μm, with the bulk of the particulate mass in the atmosphere ranging from 0.1 to 10 μm.
Maternal and Paternal Time for a Young Child

This paper investigates the determinants of the amount of parental time a young child receives. Specifically we study primary childcare time, secondary childcare time and total childcare time using the American Time Use Survey (ATUS). The analysis takes into account the potential endogeneity embedded in the allocation of time in labor and childcare and the marital status of parents. We find that parents react differently to own labor supply decision and to partner/spouse's. We also find that the positive effect of parental education level on total childcare time is limited to fathers while both parents show such an effect on primary childcare. Exploiting 8 years of data reveals no trend in parental primary childcare time, while fathers have increased their total time with a child on non-workdays.
Inclusions, erasures and emergences in an indigenous landscape: Participatory cartographies and the makings of affective place in the Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela

The post-representational critique in critical cartography has conceptualized maps as ontologically unstable, subject to re-makings through performative engagements between the map artifact, map ma...
At the intersection of lay and professional social networks: how community ties shape perceptions of mental health treatment providers

Background. The therapeutic alliance is a critical determinant of individuals’ persistence and outcomes in mental health treatment. Simultaneously, individuals’ community networks shape decisions about whether, when, and what kind of treatment are used. Despite the similar focus on social relationship influence for individuals with serious mental illness, each line of research has maintained an almost exclusive focus on either ‘inside’ (i.e. treatment) networks or ‘outside’ (i.e. community) networks, respectively. Method. For this study, we integrate these important insights by employing a network-embedded approach to understand the therapeutic alliance. Using data from the Indianapolis Network Mental Health Study (INMHS, n = 169, obs = 2206), we target patients experiencing their first major contact with the mental health treatment system. We compare patients’ perceptions of support resources available through treatment providers and lay people, and ask whether evaluations of interpersonal dimensions of the therapeutic alliance are contingent on characteristics of community networks. Results. Analyses reveal that providers make up only 9% of the whole social network, but are generally perceived positively. However, when community networks are characterized by close relationships and frequent contact, patients are significantly more likely to report that treatment providers offer useful advice and information. Conversely, when community networks are in conflict, perceptions of treatment providers are more negative. Conclusion. Community-based social networks are critical for understanding facilitators of and barriers to effective networks inside treatment, including the therapeutic alliance. Implications for community-based systems of care are discussed in the context of the USA and global patterns of deinstitutionalization and community reintegration.
Quorum Sensing: It’s About Time

Quorum sensing is a form of cell-to-cell communication by which bacteria communicate by secreting signaling molecules called autoinducers that help regulate gene expression. Quorum sensing was first detected in Photobacterium fischeri [1]. A specific acylated homoserine lactone was found to regulate transcription of the luciferase operon resulting in light emission [2]. A related organism, Vibrio harveyi, uses another signaling molecule in addition to an acylated homoserine lactone [3]. This molecule, termed Autoinducer-2 (or AI-2), is a furanosyl borate dieter [4]. AI-2 is also produced and used by a several Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria.
Transporting Pupae of the Melon Fly in Polyethylene Bags

A method was developed for packaging pupae of Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett (or shipment in inexpensive, readily available polyethylene bags. When 7- to 8-day-old pupae were held in these sealed bags for 2 or 4 days at 27 or 20°C, respectively, the subsequent emergence and longevity of adult flies were not affected. However, development of the pupae was retarded while they were in the bags, since no metabolic heat was generated, and adults emerged 2 days after the pupae were removed from the bags. This new approach to packaging pupae for shipment is a radical departure from the conventional method which was tailored primarily to provide the ventilation necessary to prevent overheating and premature development of pupae.
LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES IN BRUISED TISSUE.

SummaryLysosomal DNase, RNase, β-glucuronidase and β-galactosidase activities in experimentally inflicted poultry breast bruises increased by the second day post contusion, reached a maximum between the third and fifth day and then declined toward normal as the bruises showed gross morphological healing. The magnitude of enzymatic response as a result of bruising was not the same for each enzyme, but all enzymes showed the same trends in activity. Activities were elevated to a greater extent in the center of the bruise than at the edge. Normal muscle from bruised chickens had activities similar to tissues excised from unbruised chickens. The effects of increasing the severity of muscular injury were to increase the maximum activity response and, also, the time required to reach it. Free, bound and total DNase, RNase and β-glucuronidase activities were determined as a function of age of bruise. All forms of the enzymes were found to increase during the healing process.
MIXING AND FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF A FORCED JET IN CROSS FLOW

The frequency interactions and mixing of a subsonic perpendicular jet in cross flow problem is solved numerically. Thirteen different cases are solved ranging from steady state cases to fully modulated forced jet in forced cross flow with high frequency sinusoidal waveforms. The frequency analysis shows that in the ca se of a forced jet in cross flow, or jet into a forced cross flow, the obtained frequencies are the imposed frequency and its harmonics. In the case of a forced jet in forced cross flow case, the frequencies driving the problem include the input frequenci es as well as the difference between them and their harmonics. For some variables in jet penetration region, the dominant frequency value is the difference between the input frequencies. In the case of a fully modulated jet sine waveform, the results sho w an increase in jet penetration of 41 % more compared with the steady state case when the jet -to -crossflow momentum flux ratio (J) equals 9, and about a 30% increase in mixedness in the far field is achieved. A correlation is given and tested to estimate the jet trajectories of the forced jet in cross flow with different amplitudes from the steady state trajectory. Nomenclature
Fuzzy Acquisition Boundaries: A Success Model of Regulatory Stakeholder Interests

The purpose of this paper is to describe how powerful regulatory stakeholder interests succeed in a business relationship due to what we refer to as “fuzzy acquisition boundaries”. In the case described in this article, the city of Seattle, Washington lost their National Basketball Association (NBA) championship team, the Seattle Supersonics, due to combination of legitimate strategic deception, legal disputation power and low minority stakeholder salience by the city of Seattle. We postulate that these three conditions as well as a close relationship with NBA leadership provided the framework that enabled Oklahoma City People’s Basketball Club to sever the tenuous but valued partnership between the city of Seattle and the Supersonics. While secondary source data is used as a basis for this case, we apply a stakeholder, institutional and transaction cost theoretical lens to provide insights for understanding how and why this NBA team was acquired and moved. Relevant literature and practical applications to strategic research are also discussed.
Risk Factors and Microbial Distribution of Urinary Tract Infections Following Radical Cystectomy.

Objective To evaluate clinicopathologic features associated with the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) after radical cystectomy (RC), and determine the underlying organisms responsible for these events. Materials and Methods We reviewed 1248 patients treated with RC for bladder cancer from 2000 to 2010 at Mayo Clinic. UTIs diagnosed within 90 days of surgery were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association of clinicopathologic features with postoperative UTI. Results UTI was diagnosed in 129 (10.3%) patients within 90 days of RC. Median time to UTI was 22.5 days (interquartile range 14,42). On multivariable analysis, factors associated with a significantly increased UTI risk were diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 2.27; P P = .03), continent urinary diversion (OR 2.17; P P Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus were isolated in 45.0% and 12.8% of infections, respectively. Fungal elements were present in 27 (23.9%) cultures, and were the sole organism in 15 (13.3%). No significant differences in microbial distribution or timing of infections were detected between patients who underwent conduit vs continent diversion. Conclusion We found that diabetes, perioperative blood transfusion, continent diversion, and urine leak were associated with UTI risk following RC. Multiple organisms, drug resistance, and fungal elements were commonly identified, supporting the use of initial broad-spectrum coverage, including consideration of antifungal therapy, upon diagnosis of UTI after RC.
Leveraging Usage History to Support Enterprise System Users

Users of Enterprise Information Systems face considerable challenges in relating the generic, allencompassing system interfaces to the vocabulary and business practices of their organizations. The help functionality is often too general to be of much use, and employees typically prefer to ask a colleague or a help-desk consultant for directions on how to proceed rather than turn to a user manual. A more direct, less resource-intensive approach than person-to-person assistance is to have the system itself provide the guidance the user is seeking in how to navigate and use its interface. We have implemented a playback interface that aids users of our Enterprise Resource Planning prototype in learning to perform an individual task or a multi-task business process. Our algorithm creates dynamic visualizations of previously occurring system-user interactions for demonstrating the system interface. The demonstrations are constructed in real time based on usage log data aggregated from multiple, pertinent user sessions. We discuss the challenges of identifying and aggregating relevant usage log records for task demonstrations and highlight the components of our data model designed to overcome these challenges. The playback interface offers a natural, low-cost alternative that is more flexible than pre-recorded tutorials, as the user can select a tutorial from a variety of options. In addition, it has the advantage of representing the actual business practices within the organization, which may differ from those prescribed by the system.
Stock Market Liquidity Measurement via the Bid-Ask Spread: Tunis Stockmarket

In this paper, we attempt to explore the nature of the linkage relation of liquidity with market structure. Owing to his function of serving liquidity immediacy, the market maker determines his transacting prices (bid and ask) with all other operators. Accordingly, via his bid-ask spread, he does orient the transaction flow. This study shuts for testing a measure of market liquidity via the bid-ask spread via Stoll Model methodology (1989) on the covariance s’ regressions on Tunis stock market over a period stretching from January 2005 until January 2012. The results show that the higher the spread; the less liquid is the market.
Quantum mechanical investigation of thermionic emission from Os-coated tungsten dispenser cathodes

Understanding the underlying mechanism of thermionic emission is essential for the design of next-generation high-power vacuum electron devices. Previous research mainly focused on the surface work function but few studies on structure/properties of the bulk cathode materials. In this study, we employ quantum mechanical methods to investigate the structure-property relationships governing thermionic emission of Os-coated tungsten dispenser cathodes. We developed a new model to calculate directly the thermionic current densities by incorporating the full electronic density of states of the cathode materials and the calculated work functions of surfaces with Ba adsorption (as in the case of cathode surfaces during operation). This work shows the relative effects of bulk and surface properties on the thermionic emission of Os-coated tungsten thermionic cathodes. The methods from this work can be used for screening/discovery of next-generation thermionic emitters.
One-Way Designs with Quantitative Factors

In some designs, meaningful numerical values can be assigned to the factor levels. An example of this might be a study of extinction (i.e., “unlearning”) of a learned response after 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 learning trials. The six numbers of learning trials are the six levels of the factor being studied; the data are the numbers of trials to extinction. The labels on the factor levels in this experiment are meaningful numerical values: Thirty trials are 20 more than 10, 60 are 40 more than 20, and so on. If the cell means from such an experiment were plotted in a graph, they might look like those in Figure 10.1 (taken from the data in Table 10.1); in this graph the numerical values of the factor levels dictate both their order and their spacing along the X axis. By contrast, for the data plotted in Figure 3.1, both the ordering and the spacing of the factor levels were arbitrary.
The Measurement of a Nonlinear Resonant Decay Using Continuous-Scan Laser Doppler Vibrometry

The nonlinear resonant decay of a structure offers much insight into the frequency-amplitude behavior of a structure’s dynamic response. The spatial deformation during this decay is especially important since nonlinear responses can cause unexpected stress concentrations necessitating full-field measurements for comparison with a model. In this context, full-field measurement techniques, such as continuous scan laser Doppler vibrometry (CSLDV) and high speed three dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) provide tools to obtain the full-field dynamic response experimentally. While CSLDV has been used to measure the steady state response of linear and nonlinear structures as well as transient responses of linear structures, it is unclear whether the approach can be successful for transient nonlinear measurements where the frequency of the dynamic response is amplitude dependent. In this investigation, the capabilities of CSLDV will be utilized to measure the nonlinear resonant decay of a clamped-clamped flat beam. The response measured using CSLDV will then be compared with the decay response measured with 3D-DIC to validate the CSLDV method and to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Adequacy of voided urine specimens prepared by ThinPrep and evaluated using The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology.

Introduction The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS) currently includes a volume recommendation for voided urine specimens of 30 mL based on observations of performance with BD SurePath preparation system. Given that many labs use the Hologic ThinPrep methods for voided urines, an analysis of data acquired with this system is undertaken in this study. Materials and methods We identified a total of 744 voided urine specimens. All specimens were processed fresh by ThinPrep at a large academic center that had incorporated a tiered urine cytology reporting template prior to TPS. To determine the optimum binary cutoff thresholds for voided urine volume, the fraction of high-risk cytologic diagnoses—suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (SHGUC) or worse—was compared below and above various volumes cutpoints. Results The cytology diagnosis was inadequate in 1.5%, negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma in 64%, atypical urothelial cells in 14.2% SHGUC in 6.6%, high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) in 11.3%, low-grade urothelial neoplasm in 1.9%, and other malignancies in 0.5%. High-risk cytology was diagnosed in 19.1% of specimens ≥25 mL and in 13.5% of specimens P = 0.090). Volume of ≥25 mL was associated with the optimum cutoff for diagnosing SHGUC or HGUC. Conclusions A specimen volume of ≥25 mL is associated with higher rates of diagnosis of HGUC or SHGUC in voided urine specimens processed by ThinPrep. This is similar to the 30 mL cutoff determined for SurePath preparation that was incorporated into TPS and may provide helpful information for ThinPrep labs that are in the process of adopting TPS.
A Critical Analysis of Quantitative Fingerprint Individuality Models

A critical analysis is presented of the seven principal models previously proposed for the quantitative assessment of fingerprint individuality. Although these models have been developed over a long period of time, there has been no systematic or comprehensive review of all seven models; indeed, two very significant models have escaped the attention of contemporary investigators altogether. The present work compares and contrasts these various models. Each of the models that has been proposed is described and discussed critically in relationship to the fingerprint comparison process. None of the models previously advanced is found to incorporate the essential features of fingerprint comparison. These essential features are summarized in the context of a quantitative fingerprint individuality model.
O23 Effect of kinesiology tape on dynamic balance and centre of pressure through proprioception in chronic ankle instability

Study Design Cohort study. Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the affects of Kinesiology tape (KT) on proprioception during a dynamic balance test and centre of pressure (CoP) in chronic ankle instability (CAI) participants. A modified version of the star-excursion balance test (mSEBT) and a single-leg stance were used. Background Many ankle sprains develop into CAI, which results from repetitive sprains and results in residual symptoms, and self-reported feelings of instability. Ankle taping has been common practice for years, to treat and prevent ankle sprains. KT has recently become widely used and has many claimed benefits, but its effect on proprioception has limited research with mixed results. Methods and Measures Forty participants were split evenly into groups (CAI and healthy), via inclusion/exclusion criteria based on the International Ankle Consortium statement. Participants’ true leg-length, height, and weight were taken prior to testing. Participants were then shown how to do a single-leg stance (CoP data) and four mSEBT directions (anteromedial, medial, posteromedial, and posterolateral). Participants were given three practice trials, and then performed three test trials at three measurement times: baseline, immediately post-taping, and 24 hours post-taping. Results There were no significant differences between means (CoP or reach lengths) of groups; or between measurement times and groups. However, significant differences were found for the following mSEBT measurement times: medial (24 hours compared to both baseline (Mean dif. 1.99 cm, p Conclusion The results indicate that KT may have an effect on proprioception at the ankle for both healthy and individuals with CAI. However, future research into KT and proprioception is warranted.
EZ-Pass: An Energy & Performance-Efficient Power-Gating Router Architecture for Scalable NoCs

With technology scaling into nanometer regime, static power is becoming the dominant factor in the overall power consumption of Network-on-Chips (NoCs). Static power can be reduced by powering off routers during consecutive idle time through power-gating techniques. However, power-gating techniques suffer from a large wake-up latency to wake up the powered-off routers. Recent research aims to improve the wake-up latency penalty by hiding it through early wake-up techniques. However, these techniques do not exploit the full advantage of power-gating due to the early wake-up. Consequently, they do not achieve significant power savings. In this paper, we propose an architecture called Easy Pass (EZ-Pass) router that remedies the large wake-up latency overheads while providing significant static power savings. The proposed architecture takes advantage of idle resources in the network interface to transmit packets without waking up the router. Additionally, the technique hides the wake-up latency by continuing to provide packet transmission during the wake-up phase. We use full system simulation to evaluate our EZ-Pass router on a 64-core NoC with a mesh topology using PARSEC benchmark suites. Our results show that the proposed router reduces static power by up to 31 percent and overall network latency by up to 32 percent as compared to early-wakeup optimized power-gating techniques.
There are Better Alternatives than Easton: A Critical Rejoinder to William J. Kelleher

In the last issue of this journal, Dr William J. Kelleher claimed that my earlier discussion of the intellectual origins of the CNPS has some serious misconceptions which may obscure the formation ...
Lifetime of the 2(1)+ state and densities for the 0(g.s.)+ 2(1)+ transition in Ne-18

We report a measurement of the lifetime of the ${2}_{1}^{+}$ state in $^{18}\mathrm{Ne}$ using the Doppler shift attenuation method, the $^{3}\mathrm{He}(^{16}\mathrm{O},n)$ reaction, and large volume germanium $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray detectors of the ``clover'' design. The present measurement gives a $B(E2;{0}_{\mathrm{g}.\mathrm{s}.}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{2}_{1}^{+})$ value somewhat lower than that obtained in a previous measurement more than 25 years ago made using the same technique but with a smaller volume germanium detector. In addition, we report a semimicroscopic reanalysis of recent $^{18}\mathrm{Ne}+^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ data on the ${0}_{\text{g.s.}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{2}_{1}^{+}$ transition in $^{18}\mathrm{Ne}$ and compare the $B(E2;{0}_{\text{g.s.}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{2}_{1}^{+})$ results obtained using the two experimental techniques. The comparison between the two methods demonstrates the need for a basis for setting the imaginary part of the optical model potential in the analysis of the scattering experiment before reliable $B(E2;{0}_{\text{g.s.}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{2}_{1}^{+})$ values can be extracted by inelastic scattering when nuclear scattering contributions are significant. The optical model potential could be fixed via a detailed elastic scattering measurement.
Critical Assessment of Genetic Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Pre- and Postnatal Development

As the 19th Century waned, three events occurred that continue to affect us profoundly. A German physicist, Wilhelm Rontgen, announced the discovery of rays that occasionally bear his name (1895), but are more commonly called X-rays; and then Antoine Henri Becquerel, a French investigator, discovered radioactivity (1896) and Marie and Pierre Curie isolated polonium and radium (1898), the first two radioactive elements to be identified. Rontgen’s rays have provided medicine with a powerful diagnostic and therapeutic tool, one still not fully exploited; whereas the other discoveries launched in full swell developments that have culminated in the use of nuclear energies as weapons of war and as a surrogate for our diminishing fossil fuels. It was soon apparent, however, that exposure to ionizing radiations, whether naturally occurring or artificially produced, involved health risks of various sorts: ocular damage (Battelli, 1896; Edison, 1896), and malignancies, notably of the skin, but of other organs as well (Walsh, 1897). Becquerel himself died of cancer, possibly radiation-related, at the age of 56. American Martyrs to Science through Roentgen Rays (Brown, 1936) is an eloquent, albeit disturbing commentary on the fates of many of radiology’s pioneers. But in those years, as has been said (Brown, 1936), “enthusiasm was in the saddle” and though protection, at least of a rudimentary kind, was possible—for Grubbe (1933) had shown that lead was an effective shield—most manufacturers of X-ray equipment as well as the users were indifferent to precautions.
Development of a biofilm bioreactor for enhanced ethanol production

Biofilms are a natural form of cell immobilization that result from microbial attachment to solid supports. Biofilm reactors with polypropylene composites containing up to 25% (w/w) of various agricultural materials (com hulls, cellulose, oat hulls, soybean hulls or starch) and micronutrients (soy bean flour or zein) were used for ethanol production. Plastic composite supports were prepared by a high temperature extrusion of polypropylene and agricultural material into 2-3 mm chips. Pure-cultures of Zymomonas mobilis (ATCC 31821) ox Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 24859) and mixed-cultures with either of the ethanol producing microorganism and the biofilm forming Streptomyces viridosporus T7A (ATCC 39115) were evaluated. Pureand mixed-culture combinations were evaluated in continuous fermentation in glucose-yeast extract medium in a bioreactor with a 20 ml working volume, 50 ml plastic composite supports and dilution rates of 0.18 to 10.5 h"'. An ethanol productivity of 374 g/l/h with a 44% yield was obtained on ' Graduate student and Associate Professor respectively, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Center for Crops Utilization Research, Iowa State University. ' Author for correspondence. 60 soybean hull-zein-polypropylene composite supports using Z mobilis in pure-culture with 10% glucose feed. The ethanol productivity obtained is the highest reported to date. With mixed-culture fermentations employing Z mobilis and S. viridosporus, an ethanol productivity of 147.5 g/l/h was obtained on com starch-soybean flour composite support. With pure-culture fermentation with S. cerevisiae, maximimi productivity of 40 g/l/h with a 47% yield was obtained on soybean hull-soybean flour plastic composite support. Mixed-culture fermentation using S. cerevisiae and S. viridosporus resulted in ethanol productivity of 190 g/I/h with a 35% yield, when oat hull-polypropylene composite supports were used. The maximum productivities obtained in continuously stirred reactors without supports were 124 g/l/h and 5.4 g/l/h with Z mobilis and S. cerevisiae, respectively. These productivities are significantly lower than the productivities obtained vdth biofilm reactors using composite supports. Percent yields were generally lower with mixed-culture fermentations than those observed with pureculture fermentations. Biofilm formation on the chips was detected by the change in weight and Gram staining of the support material at the end of the fermentation. Ethanol production rate and concentrations were consistently higher in biofilm reactors than in suspension cultures. Biofilm reactors with pure culture of Z mobilis had higher ethanol productivity, whereas, biofilm reactors with mixed-cultures of S. cerevisiae and S. viridosporus resulted in higher productivities. Fermentations with S. cerevisiae resulted in lower productivities than fermentations with Z mobilis. 6