cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reciprocal role of cyclins and cyclin kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 on lymphocyte proliferation, allo-immune activation and inflammation

Background Immune activation that results due to the aberrant proliferation of lymphocytes leads to inflammation and graft rejection in organ transplant recipients. We hypothesize that the cell cycle control and inflammation are parallel events, inhibition of cellular proliferation by cyclin kinase inhibitor specifically p21 will limit inflammation and prevent allograft rejection.
Metacognition and Transfer: Keys to Improving Marketing Education.

A primary purpose of marketing education is to prepare students to perform throughout their careers, and performance largely relies on transferability of knowledge. It has been demonstrated that tr...
Vodou and History

Haitian Vodou has long been viewed through a distorted lens by outsiders. In the nineteenth century, as the Republic of Haiti suffered from a unique degree of economic and political isolation implemented and enforced by the powerful slaveholding empires and nations that surrounded it, Vodou was commonly represented as the ultimate antithesis of “civilization,” as a case of African superstition reborn in the Americas. During the U.S. occupation of Haiti from 1915 to 1934, images of Haitian Vodou as a terrain of demonic possession, absurd superstition, and zombis proliferated in the United States. At the same time, the twentieth century has also seen the publication of several careful ethnographic works about Vodou. During the 1930s, Melville Herskovits published his Life in a Haitian Valley, which argued that the Haitian religion had West African roots. During the same period Zora Neale Hurston wrote her less well-known Tell My Horse. Both of these works attentively described aspects of Vodou, as did Alfred Metraux's classic 1959 text Voodoo in Haiti. The next year Harold Courlander's Drum and Hoe provided detailed examinations of Haitian ritual music. The filmmaker and dancer Maya Deren published her at times experimental Divine Horsemen, which drew on Joseph Campbell's theories in seeking to describe the theological system of the religion. Another dancer, Kathryn Dunham, also described Vodou in her Island Possessed, published in 1969. The obstinate, broader stereotypes against which these works were articulated influenced the ways in which all these authors wrote about and interpreted the religion. These texts, notably those by Metraux and Deren, fought a battle for Vodou, confronting the idea that was it was little more than a “cult” or the expression of “superstition,” with carefully crafted descriptions of the belief systems and ritual of what they showed to be a complex and deeply rooted religion. This work on Vodou developed alongside other works on “Afro-Atlantic” religions, such as Cuban Santeria, and Brazilian Candomble, as well as on the African influences on Afro-American Christianity.Melville Herskovits, Life in a Haitian Valley (Garden City: Anchor Books, 1971); Zora Neal Hurston, Tell My Horse: Voodoo and Life in Haiti and Jamaica (New York: Harper Perennial, 1990); Alfred Metraux, Voodoo in Haiti (New York: Schocken Books, 1959); Harold Courlander, The Drum and the Hoe: Life and Lore of the Haitian People (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1960); Maya Deren, Divine Horsemen: The Living Gods of Haiti (New York: McPherson and Company, 1953); Katherine Dunham, Island Possessed (Garden City: Doubleday, 1969). Among the classic broader studies of African religion in the New World are Roger Bastide, African Civilizations in the New World (New York: Harper and Row, 1971), and, more recently, Robert Farris Thompson's Flash of the Spirit: African and Afro-American Art and Philosophy (New York: Random House, 1983).
Relation of hemostatic risk factors to other risk factors for coronary heart disease and to sex hormones in men.

The present study was carried out to explore the possible relation of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), fibrinogen, and factor VII levels to other risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) and to serum sex hormone levels. The study group comprised 48 apparently healthy men. To avoid the confounding factor of obesity, correlations were determined in the 30 men in this group with a body mass index (BMI) 26.4. All three hemostatic factors correlated with BMI in this group after controlling for age; however, on controlling for testosterone, only PAI-1 correlated with BMI. Fibrinogen correlated with age in both groups after controlling for testosterone or BMI. These correlations support the hypothesis that PAI-1, fibrinogen, and factor VII are related to other risk factors for CHD and that an alteration in the sex hormone milieu may be the underlying factor linking them.
Spatial variation in reference conditions: historical tree density and pattern on a Pinus ponderosa landscape

The reference conditions of historical tree density and pattern underpin ecological restoration and management of Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson & C.Lawson forests in western North America, yet the potential spatial variation in these variables across the landscape remains unclear. We reconstructed historical (1880) tree density and spatial pattern on 1 ha plots at 53 sites within a 110 000 ha P. ponderosa landscape in northern Arizona, compared these variables among US Forest Service ecosystem classification units, and modeled spatial variation with environmental variables. Mean tree density differed 19-fold among nine ecosystem types, and regression trees using four soil or climatic variables explained 62%-74% of the variation in density. Although density was more sensitive to environmental variation than was pattern, we did not find the clumped pattern widely described for P. ponderosa forests to be universal across ecosystems. Results suggest that (i) multivariate combinations of soil and climatic properties influenced historical forest structure, (ii) as much variation exists in reference conditions within the study landscape as between P. ponderosa regions, (iii) ecosystem classi- fication is a useful framework for quantifying spatial variation in reference conditions, and (iv) determining spatial varia- tion in reference conditions can assist resource managers in prioritizing areas for management and in developing ecosystem-specific management strategies within landscapes.
Effect of a thermoplastic orthosis in the rehabilitation of a patient with a scapular fracture. A case report.

The incidence of scapular fractures appears low, based on a review of the literature.1–5 Since 1931, a few retrospective studies have been done ranging in length from 5 to 12 years. The low combined total of 333 scapular fractures reported over a 50-year period (1931–1980) seems to support the rarity of this type of fracture. Although rare, these fractures and their management after fracture healing can present some challenging rehabilitation problems for the clinician. The literature related to the management of scapular fractures describes a variety of treatment strategies, ranging from a conservative approach of immobilization using crisscross bandaging and a sling to a more aggressive method of immobilization using skeletal traction.6–11 In cases of severe skeletal displacement, a few authors have recommended a surgical approach of open reduction and internal fixation to remove or realign bony fragments.12–13
Interference Alignment and Spatial Degrees of Freedom for the K User Interference Channel

We show that the sum capacity of the K user frequency selective (or time-varying) interference channel is C(SNR) = (K/2) log(SNR) +o(log(SNR)) meaning that the channel has a total of K/2 degrees of freedom per orthogonal time and frequency dimension. Linear schemes of interference alignment and zero forcing suffice to achieve all the degrees of freedom and multi-user detection is not required.
COMPARISON OF 13 EQUATIONS FOR DETERMINING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION FROM A PRAIRIE WETLAND, COTTONWOOD LAKE AREA, NORTH DAKOTA, USA

Abstract Evapotranspiration determined using the energy-budget method at a semi-permanent prairie-pothole wetland in east-central North Dakota, USA was compared with 12 other commonly used methods. The Priestley-Taylor and deBruin-Keijman methods compared best with the energy-budget values; mean differences were less than 0.1 mm d−1, and standard deviations were less than 0.3 mm d−1. Both methods require measurement of air temperature, net radiation, and heat storage in the wetland water. The Penman, Jensen-Haise, and Brutsaert-Stricker methods provided the next-best values for evapotranspiration relative to the energy-budget method. The mass-transfer, deBruin, and Stephens-Stewart methods provided the worst comparisons; the mass-transfer and deBruin comparisons with energy-budget values indicated a large standard deviation, and the deBruin and Stephens-Stewart comparisons indicated a large bias. The Jensen-Haise method proved to be cost effective, providing relatively accurate comparisons with the energy...
Comparing Player Attention on Procedurally Generated vs. Hand Crafted Sokoban Levels with an Auditory Stroop Test

Evidence is provided that players pay at least as much attention to a set of procedurally generated Sokoban levels as they do to levels hand crafted by expert designers. Data were collected from 40 participants who played Sokoban under laboratory conditions while simultaneously performing an auditory Stroop test. Three performance measures from the Stroop test were analyzed and compared after accounting for differences in individual players.
Using Linguist's Assistant for Language Description and Translation

The Linguist’s Assistant (LA) is a practical computational paradigm for describing languages. LA seeks to specify in semantic representations a large subset of possible written communication. These semantic representations then become the starting point and organizing principle from which a linguist describes the linguistic surface forms of a language using LA's visual lexicon and grammatical rule development interface. The resulting computational description can then be used in our document authoring and translation applications.
Optimization of input parameters of acoustic-transfection for the intracellular delivery of macromolecules using FRET-based biosensors

Acoustic-transfection technique has been developed for the first time. We have developed acoustic-transfection by integrating a high frequency ultrasonic transducer and a fluorescence microscope. High frequency ultrasound with the center frequency over 150 MHz can focus acoustic sound field into a confined area with the diameter of 10 μm or less. This focusing capability was used to perturb lipid bilayer of cell membrane to induce intracellular delivery of macromolecules. Single cell level imaging was performed to investigate the behavior of a targeted single-cell after acoustic-transfection. FRET-based Ca2+ biosensor was used to monitor intracellular concentration of Ca2+ after acoustic-transfection and the fluorescence intensity of propidium iodide (PI) was used to observe influx of PI molecules. We changed peak-to-peak voltages and pulse duration to optimize the input parameters of an acoustic pulse. Input parameters that can induce strong perturbations on cell membrane were found and size dependent intracellular delivery of macromolecules was explored. To increase the amount of delivered molecules by acoustic-transfection, we applied several acoustic pulses and the intensity of PI fluorescence increased step wise. Finally, optimized input parameters of acoustic-transfection system were used to deliver pMax-E2F1 plasmid and GFP expression 24 hours after the intracellular delivery was confirmed using HeLa cells.
Development of aroCACM/MPMPO 1.0: a model to simulate secondary organic aerosol from aromatic precursors in regional models

Abstract. The atmospheric oxidation of aromatic compounds is an important source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in urban areas. The oxidation of aromatics depends strongly on the levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx). However, details of the mechanisms by which oxidation occurs have only recently been elucidated. Xu et al. (2015) developed an updated version of the gas-phase Caltech Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism (CACM) designed to simulate toluene and m-xylene oxidation in chamber experiments over a range of NOx conditions. The output from such a mechanism can be used in thermodynamic predictions of gas–particle partitioning leading to SOA. The current work reports the development of a model for SOA formation that combines the gas-phase mechanism of Xu et al. (2015) with an updated lumped SOA-partitioning scheme (Model to Predict the Multi-phase Partitioning of Organics, MPMPO) that allows partitioning to multiple aerosol phases and that is designed for use in larger-scale three-dimensional models. The resulting model is termed aroCACM/MPMPO 1.0. The model is integrated into the University of California, Irvine – California Institute of Technology (UCI-CIT) Airshed Model, which simulates the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) of California. Simulations using 2012 emissions indicate that “low-NOx” pathways to SOA formation from aromatic oxidation play an important role, even in regions that typically exhibit high-NOx concentrations.
Fractures of the Femur

Fractures of the femur in cattle are second in frequency only to fractures to the metacarpal and metatarsal bones. Common clinical presentations and the diagnosis of femur fractures are described.Treatment options, prognosis, postoperative complications are discussed for conservative therapy and for various forms of external and internal fixation.
Effect of Storage and Fatty Acid Esters on the Utilization of Xanthophyll from Marigold Meal by Laying Hens

Abstract The feeding of two different harvests of marigold meal on an equivalent analyzed basis to laying hens produced no difference in NEPA numbers, β-carotene equivalents, and fan yolk scores for their eggs. This indicates that there are no structure rearrangements in the xanthophylls which are traceable to the storage of the marigold meal. Marigold meal samples were shown to lose from 21–28% of the xanthophyll content over a 10 month period in a refrigerated environment. Hens fed extracts from saponified marigold meal produced eggs with NEPA numbers 15% higher than did those from hens fed nonhydrolyzed marigold meal. The biological availability of marigold meal was 51% for nonhydrolyzed marigold and 66% for saponified marigold compared to β-apo-8′-carotenoic ethyl ester stabilized beadlets. The digestibilities of marigold and alfalfa meal xanthophylls were 88% and 96%, respectively, when fed to hens at a concentration of 33 mg./kg. diet. The hydrolysis of the 61% natural esterified xanthophyll in marigold meal increased the digestibility to 97%. The data suggest the esterified xanthophylls in marigold meal decreases the bioavailability for egg yolk pigmentation.
Associations between the presence and magnitude of Escherichia coli O157 in feces at harvest and contamination of preintervention beef carcasses.

To quantify associations at slaughter between Escherichia coli O157 carcass contamination, fecal-positive animals, and high-shedding animals within truckloads of finished cattle, we sampled up to 32 cattle from each of 50 truckloads arriving at a commercial abattoir in the Midwest United States during a 5-week summer period. Carcass swab samples collected preevisceration and fecal samples collected postevisceration were matched within animals and analyzed for the presence of E. coli O157, using enrichment, immunomagnetic separation, and plating on selective media (IMS). In addition, a direct plating procedure was performed on feces to identify high-shedding animals. E. coli O157 was isolated from 39 (2.6%) of 1,503 carcass samples in 15 (30%) truckloads, and 127 (8.5%) of 1,495 fecal samples in 37 (74%) truckloads. Fifty-five (3.7%) high-shedding animals were detected from 26 (52%) truckloads. Truckload high-shedder (Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient [rs] = 0.68), IMS-positive (rs = 0.48), and c...
Pathophysiology of varicocele in nonhuman primates: long-term seminal and testicular changes.

Varicocele was surgically induced in monkeys to study the long-term effects of the condition on seminal and testicular parameters. Sperm motility was depressed but improved after varicocelectomy. Sperm concentration was less affected, but sperm morphology showed long-term degenerative changes, i.e., for more than 2 years. Testicular blood flow was depressed acutely but returned to normal after 2 years. Electron microscopy showed changes in the basal lamina and spermatogonia that persisted throughout the study. Left adrenalectomy, at the time of varicocele induction, did not alter the development of varicocele-related changes. The sequence of changes suggests that the effects of this experimental varicocele may be reversed in the monkey model through changes in collateral and ancillary revascularization.
Performance of toxicity probability interval based designs in contrast to the continual reassessment method

Toxicity probability interval designs have received increasing attention as a dose-finding method in recent years. In this study, we compared the two-stage, likelihood-based continual reassessment method (CRM), modified toxicity probability interval (mTPI), and the Bayesian optimal interval design (BOIN) in order to evaluate each method's performance in dose selection for phase I trials. We use several summary measures to compare the performance of these methods, including percentage of correct selection (PCS) of the true maximum tolerable dose (MTD), allocation of patients to doses at and around the true MTD, and an accuracy index. This index is an efficiency measure that describes the entire distribution of MTD selection and patient allocation by taking into account the distance between the true probability of toxicity at each dose level and the target toxicity rate. The simulation study considered a broad range of toxicity curves and various sample sizes. When considering PCS, we found that CRM outperformed the two competing methods in most scenarios, followed by BOIN, then mTPI. We observed a similar trend when considering the accuracy index for dose allocation, where CRM most often outperformed both mTPI and BOIN. These trends were more pronounced with increasing number of dose levels. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Colony size effect on neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells microprinted on stromal cells

Controlling cellular microenvironment to induce neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remains a major challenge. We address this need by introducing a micro-engineered co-culture system that resembles embryonic development in terms of direct intercellular interactions and induces neural differentiation of ESCs. A polymeric aqueous two-phase system (ATPS)-mediated robotic microprinting technology allows precise localization of mouse ESCs (mESCs) over a layer of supporting stromal cells. mESCs proliferate over a 2-week culture period into a single colony of defined size. Physical and chemical cues from the stromal cells guide mESCs to differentiate toward specific neural lineages. We generated mESC colonies of three different sizes from 100, 250 and 500 single cells and showed that size of mESC colonies is an important factor determining the yield of neural cells. Expression of early neural cell markers nestin denoting neural stem cells, NCAM specifying neural progenitors, and β-III tubulin (TuJ) indicating post mitotic neurons escalated from day 4. Differentiation into specific neural cells astrocytes marked by GFAP, oligodendrocytes indicated by CNPase, and TH-positive dopaminergic neurons was observed during the second week of culture. Unexpectedly, analysis of protein expression revealed a disproportionate increase in neural differentiation of mESCs by increase in the colony size. For the first time, our study establishes colony size as an important regulator of fate of ESCs in this heterocellular niche. This approach of deriving neural cells may make a major impact on stem cell research for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
Three-Dimensional Structure of the Ultraoligotrophic Marine Bacterium "Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique".

SAR11 bacteria are small, heterotrophic, marine α-proteobacteria found throughout the oceans. They thrive at the low nutrient concentrations typical of open ocean conditions, although the adaptations required for life under these conditions are not well understood. To illuminate this issue we used cryo-electron tomography to study Pelagibacter , strain HTCC1062, a member of SAR11 clade. Our results revealed its cellular dimensions and details of its intracellular organization. The frozen-hydrated cells, which are preserved in a life-like state, have an average cell volume (enclosed by outer membrane) of 0.037 ± 0.011 μm 3 . Strikingly, the periplasmic space occupies ∼20% - 50% of the total cell volume in log phase cells and ∼50% - 70% in stationary phase cells. Within the cell, the nucleoid occupies the convex side of the crescent-shaped cell, and the ribosomes occupy predominantly the remaining concave side at a relatively high concentration of 10,000 – 12,000 per μm 3 . An outer membrane pore complex that is likely composed of PilQ, was frequently observed in both log and stationary phases. Long filaments, most likely type-IV pili, were found on dividing cells. The physical dimensions, intracellular organization, and morphological changes throughout the life cycle of Pelagibacter provide structural insights into the functional adaptions of these oligotrophic ultramicrobacteria to their habitat. IMPORTANCE Bacterioplankton, SAR11 clade (Pelagibacterales), are of interest because of their global, biogeochemical significance, and because they appear to have been molded by unusual evolutionary circumstances that favor simplicity and efficiency. They have adapted to an ecosystem where nutrient concentrations hover near the extreme limits at which transport systems can function adequately and evolved streamlined genomes to execute only functions essential for life. However, little is known about the accurate size limitation and cellular features of living oligotrophic ultramicrobacteria. In this study, we have used cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) to obtain accurate physical information about the cellular architecture of Pelagibacter, the first cultivated member of SAR11 clade. These results provide foundational information for answering questions about cell architecture and function in these ultra-small oligotrophic bacteria.
30 nJ, ∼50 fs all-fiber source at 1300 nm using soliton shifting in LMA HOM fiber

We demonstrate a 1030–1300 nm tunable source via soliton self-frequency shifting in a 660 μm2 A eff LP 0,9 mode possessing anomalous dispersion at 1 μm, yielding 53.6 fs pulses at 1317 nm, with record pulse energies of 30 nJ directly out of the fiber.
Multimodal Transportation Payments Convergence—Key to Mobility

Travelers have more choices than ever before and information about these travel choices is being integrated and delivered to individuals, making trip planning easy. But each of these transportation options may require its own method of payment, requiring travelers to use different payment devices and establish multiple payment accounts. Multimodal payments convergence promises to make the travel experience truly seamless. With payments convergence, travelers will be able to plan, book, access, and pay for their trips with minimal effort. Payments convergence will enable transportation service providers to better market their services, incentivize mode choice, manage demand, and may reduce costs. Multimodal payment will be part of bundled mobility services, which will provide travelers access to many mobility options. Both public and private sector organizations are developing, demonstrating, and implementing various forms of multimodal payments. This paper will outline three approaches to payments convergence, and will discuss the challenges to successful implementation of each approach.
A Small Fragment of ADAMTS13 Enhances Cleavage of von Willebrand Factor by the Intact Enzyme.

Abstract ADAMTS13 regulates hemostasis by cleaving von Willebrand Factor (VWF) to smaller less thrombogenic fragments. Absence of ADAMTS13 activity leads to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, an often fatal disease that is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and microvascular thrombosis especially in renal and central nervous system vasculature. ADAMTS13 like other ADAMTS family members has a characteristic domain structure consisting of a metalloprotease domain, a disintegrin domain, a thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR), a cysteine-rich domain, a spacer domain, 7 additional TSRs and 2 carboxyl terminal CUB domains. Regions in the spacer and C-terminal thrombospondin type 1 repeats (TSR) and CUB domains have been shown previously to be important for the interaction of ADAMTS13 and VWF. To further characterize the interaction of ADAMTS13 and VWF, we generated a construct consisting of the spacer domain and the second TSR of ADAMTS13. This construct is called ST2 for Spacer and Tsr2. Although many constructs of ADAMTS13 fail to be secreted because of poor folding, ST2 is folded since it is secreted from human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Previous work has shown that the spacer domain alone can bind VWF under static conditions, therefore ST2 was included in VWF cleaving assays. Unexpectedly, ST2 was found to enhance the cleavage of VWF by ADAMTS13 by approximately 10-fold in assays using either guanidine or urea-denatured VWF. To understand how ST2 enhanced the cleavage of VWF by ADAMTS13, interactions of ST2 with ADAMTS13 and VWF were studied. ST2 was found to specifically co-immunoprecipitate with VWF but not with ADAMTS13. A Kd calculated from these co-immunoprecipitation experiments was 8.7 nM and the stoichiometry of binding was approximately 1 mole/mole. One explanation for the enhanced cleavage of VWF by ADAMTS13 in the presence of ST2 is that ST2 may induce a conformational change in VWF that makes the cleavage site more accessible. To test this hypothesis, VWF in the presence and absence of ST2 was subjected to trypsin digestion at different concentrations of trypsin. Differential cleavage of VWF was seen in the presence and absence of ST2 at all concentrations of trypsin tested. This is consistent with induction of a conformational change in VWF by ST2. These studies provide additional information on the structure-function relationship of these two key proteins in the control of hemostasis.
Open Source Private Cloud Platforms for Big Data

Due to its availability, cloud computing is the de facto platform of choice for Big Data, where Big Data as a Service is believed to be the next best thing. In this chapter we will first introduce cloud computing, defining the advantages it provides in a Big Data context. Similarly, we will then establish the benefits of using private clouds, before focusing on selected open source cloud environments, studying their architecture. We will constrain our scope to some of the most prominent ones, in particular in view of Big Data processing. We will then establish how some Big Data applications can greatly benefit from the use of accelerators, and how those accelerators can be integrated with private clouds. Finally, we will present a case study, using an On-Premise Private Cloud, to demonstrate the implementation of one such environment.
Give Us Your Tired, Your Poor and We Might Buy Them Dinner: Social Capital, Immigration, and Welfare Generosity in the American States:

A long-standing debate persists regarding how social capital relates to diversity and inequality in the American states. Putnam argues social capital leads to greater equality and tolerance; howeve...
Communication: Observation of ultra-slow relaxation in supercooled selenium and related glass-forming liquids.

The rheological behavior of supercooled Se, As10Se90, and As20Se80 liquids is studied in the linear regime as a function of frequency, extending over nearly 11 orders of magnitude, using oscillatory parallel plate rheometry. While the viscoelastic response of the As20Se80 liquid is characterized by a single relaxation time scale, the Se and the As10Se90 liquids display two distinct relaxation processes, both of which are coupled to viscosity, although their time scales differ by nearly 3–5 orders of magnitude. The ultra-slow relaxation process appears to be related to the dynamics of –Se–Se–Se– chain segments in the structure of these liquids, with characteristic time scale and shear modulus that are dependent on the average chain length. The fast mode, on the other hand, is associated with the glassy modulus and is tentatively assigned to a Johari-Goldstein β-process. These results, when taken together, are consistent with the presence of a hierarchical free energy landscape that characterizes the dynamics of the fragile Se and As10Se90 liquids.
Localization of sources of noise in moving atmospheres using time reversal and geometric acoustics

Due to acoustic refraction and convection in moving, inhomogeneous atmospheres, the backazimuths of recorded signals can be significantly different from the source backazimuth, posing a significant difficulty in source localization. Although an inverse problem, localization of sources of infrasound in such atmospheres has mostly been made using the forward ray-theoretic model of sound propagation. This approach uses search grids for the unknown model parameters that are subsequently estimated by optimizing an objective function. This approach can give rise to a large computational time as well as to the issue of uniqueness, stability, and accuracy of the solutions. The current paper presents a technique which avoids these issues, and which combines time reversal and geometric acoustics for source localization in such atmospheres. This technique, which can also be useful for source localization of other forms of acoustic signals in refractive media, effectively transforms the inverse problem into a forward one by utilizing a flow reversal theorem in the ray tracing equations. Beside the atmospheric conditions, the only parameters needed in this technique are the trace velocities of the signals recorded by at least two arrays. Comparison of numerical simulations with observational data will be presented.
Investigating the Effects of Google's Search Engine Result Page in Evaluating the Credibility of Online News Sources

Recent research has suggested that young users are not particularly skilled in assessing the credibility of online content. A follow up study comparing students to fact checkers noticed that students spend too much time on the page itself, while fact checkers performed "lateral reading", searching other sources. We have taken this line of research one step further and designed a study in which participants were instructed to do lateral reading for credibility assessment by inspecting Google's search engine result page (SERP) of unfamiliar news sources. In this paper, we summarize findings from interviews with 30 participants. A component of the SERP noticed regularly by the participants is the so-called Knowledge Panel, which provides contextual information about the news source being searched. While this is expected, there are other parts of the SERP that participants use to assess the credibility of the source, for example, the freshness of top stories, the panel of recent tweets, or a verified Twitter account. Given the importance attached to the presence of the Knowledge Panel, we discuss how variability in its content affected participants' opinions. Additionally, we perform data collection of the SERP page for a large number of online news sources and compare them. Our results indicate that there are widespread inconsistencies in the coverage and quality of information included in Knowledge Panels.
Chemistry, Biological Significance, and Genetic Control of Proanthocyanidins in Cotton (Gossypium SPP.)

Most tissues of cotton (Gossypium spp.) plants contain condensed proanthocyanidins (tannins) that yield cyanidin and 0-75 percent del-phinidin when hydrolyzed. The tannins occur in association with related flavan-3-ols, especially (+)-catechin and (+)-gallocatechin, and are localized in vacuoles in cells of the cap, endodermis, and hypodermis of the root; in scattered palisade, spongy parenchyma, and epithelial cells of leaves; and in mesocarp of bolls. Tannin concentrations are related to tissue and cultivar resistance to pests. Tannins act as antibiotics, antisporulants, feeding deterrents, and enzyme denaturants. Cotton tannins have been implicated in byssinosis, a respiratory disease of humans, and they discolor cottonseed flour. Genetic manipulation of tannins is complicated by progressive changes with aging and fruiting and by strong environmental effects. Conditions for distinguishing cotton strains with different genetic potentials for tannin production have been developed. The stepwise increases in the multi-adversity resistance of Tamcot cultivars developed by Texas A & M University since 1970 are correlated to progressive increases of tannin concentrations in leaves.
Microdialysis in Ocular Drug Development

Development of novel treatments for ocular diseases demands a complete understanding of ocular drug pharmacokinetics. Microdialysis is a continuous sampling technique that has been frequently applied for assessing ocular pharmacokinetic parameters. This sampling technique has gained considerable attention in ocular pharmacokinetics since it considerably reduces the requirement of large number of animals needed to obtain a complete pharmacokinetic profile. Remarkable progress has been made in ocular anterior and posterior segment microdialysis in recent years. These developments have simplified sampling of ocular fluids such as vitreous and aqueous humor. In this book chapter, the principle and application of microdialysis in measuring drug disposition in various segments of the eye will be discussed. This chapter will also highlight on recent progress on the development of various animal models and probe designs in ocular microdialysis.
Alterations in Brain Glucose Transporter Proteins, Glut1 and Glut3, in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats

The brain is dependent on glucose for energy, and it requires glucose transporter proteins to facilitate the passage of glucose across the blood-brain barrier and across the plasma membranes of neurons and glia. Two glucose transporter isoforms, GLUT1 and GLUT3, have been identified in rat brain. GLUT1 is detected as a 55 kDa form associated with microvessels and a 45kDa form associated with microvessel-free cerebral membranes. GLUT3, the neuronal glucose transporter (2, 6) is expressed in most brain regions and the neurohypophysis (3).
Epilogue: Margaret Atwood’s The Heart Goes Last and the Futures of Domineering White Masculinity

Although Margaret Atwood’s warning about Christofascist patriarchal tyranny in The Handmaid’s Tale (1985) is clearly pertinent to current conditions and threats in the United States, she provides a closer analogue in The Heart Goes Last (2015). Though flawed in its overlooking of racial disparities in today’s criminal justice system, this novel extends our current neoliberal economic order into a dystopia in which dominant white masculine tendencies have resulted in commodified possession of nearly everyone and everything, including nostalgia. In Feagin and Ducey’s terms, an increasingly entrenched “elite white-male dominance system” remains “central to most western societies.” Literary fiction can illustrate and inspire effective resistance, and the six novels considered in this study demonstrate the healing potential of narrative itself, exposing as it often does the interior machinations of the empowered and thereby suggesting avenues toward more egalitarian futures.
Beyond the Coded Gaze: Analyzing Expression of Mental Health and Illness on Instagram

In CSCW and HCI, work examining expression of mental health and illness on social media frequently aims to classify content, quantify visual trends, and predict user states. This approach to analysis is a form of the coded gaze, a type of algorithmic 'way of seeing' coined with respect to artificial intelligence techniques. The coded gaze classifies content through researcher- and machine-labeled categories, relying on a series of theoretical assumptions that influence how values pertaining to mental health and illness become inscribed in data. In this paper, we build upon this research to support alternative methods of data interpretation. We join manual collection of Instagram posts with semi-structured interviews and digital ethnography over six months to understand how Instagram users express their experiences with mental health and illness. We argue that individuals negotiate claims to mental health and illness through visibility and signaling, the boundaries between mental health and illness are porous and blurred, and reposting and remix are a form of participation. We discuss practical and ethical implications for studying the expression of mental health and illness online.
What is the diagnostic accuracy of single nerve conduction studies and muscle ultrasound to identify critical illness polyneuromyopathy: a prospective cohort study

Critical illness polyneuromyopathy (CIPNM) is a major cause of weakness in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, but current diagnostic tests are limited. We evaluated the generalizability and validity of single nerve conduction studies (NCS) and muscle ultrasound testing to identify CIPNM, and we also assessed the ability of muscle ultrasound to prognosticate patient outcomes. This was a prospective cohort study of mechanically ventilated medical, cardiac, surgical, and neurosurgical ICU patients. We performed weekly strength testing, NCS, electromyography (EMG), and muscle ultrasound. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and other test characteristics of single NCS and muscle ultrasound, and we used multivariable regression models to assess the prognostic ability of muscle ultrasound. Ninety-five patients were enrolled. The incidence of probable CIPNM was 18% and did not differ significantly by type of ICU (p = 0.49). For diagnosing probable CIPNM, the peroneal motor NCS had a sensitivity of 94% (95% confidence interval (CI) 71–100%) and specificity of 91% (95% CI 82–96%), the sural sensory NCS had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 80–100%) and specificity of 42% (95% CI 31–54%), and abnormal muscle ultrasound echogenicity had a sensitivity of 82% (95% CI 48–98%) and specificity of 57% (95% CI 43–70%). Abnormal echogenicity was associated with reduced likelihood of discharge to home (9% vs 50%, p = 0.0001), fewer ICU-free days (median 3 (interquartile range 0–15) days vs 16 (9.3–19.3) days, p = 0.0002), and increased ICU mortality (42% vs 12%, p = 0.004). In a diverse cohort of critically ill patients, single NCS and muscle ultrasound achieved diagnostic accuracy for patients at risk for CIPNM. The routine utilization of these tests could be beneficial for all critically ill patients at risk for CIPNM.
A tour through δ-invariants: From Nash’s embedding theorem to ideal immersions, best ways of living and beyond

First I will explain my motivation to introduce the δ-invariants for Riemannian manifolds. I will also recall the notions of ideal immersions and best ways of living. Then I will present a few of the many applications of δ-invariants in several areas in mathematics. Finally, I will present two optimal inequalities involving δ-invariants for Lagrangian submanifolds obtained very recently in joint papers with F. Dillen, J. Van der Veken and L. Vrancken.
Extending and restricting the right to regularisation: lessons from South America

This article explores how South American politicians rhetorically justify extending and restricting irregular migrants’ right to regularisation. Since 2002, the region has gradually established the...
The Gut Microbiota Is Associated With Psychiatric Symptom Severity and Treatment Outcome Among Individuals With Serious Mental Illness

Abstract Background Emerging evidence implicates the gut microbiota in central nervous system functioning via its effects on inflammation, the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, and/or neurotransmission. Our understanding of the cellular underpinnings of the brain-gut relationship is based almost exclusively on animal models with some small-scale human studies. This study examined the relationship between the gut microbiota and psychiatric symptom severity and treatment response among inpatients with serious mental illness. Method We collected data from adult inpatients (N = 111). Measures of diagnoses, suicide severity, trauma, depression, and anxiety were collected shortly after admission, while self-collected fecal swabs were collected early in the course of hospitalization and processed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and whole genome shotgun sequencing methods. Results Results indicate that depression and anxiety severity shortly after admission were negatively associated with bacterial richness and alpha diversity. Additional analyses revealed a number of bacterial taxa associated with depression and anxiety severity. Gut microbiota richness and alpha diversity early in the course of hospitalization was a significant predictor of depression remission at discharge. Conclusions This study is among the first to demonstrate a gut microbiota relationship with symptom severity among psychiatric inpatients as well as a relationship to remission of depression post-treatment. These findings are consistent with animal models and limited human studies as well as with the broader literature implicating inflammation in the pathophysiology of depression. These findings offer the foundation for further studies of novel therapeutic approaches to the treatment, prevention of, or recurrence of serious mental illness.
Response to Letter to the Editor: ‘Predicting total phosphorus levels as indicators for shallow lake management’

Abstract Mohammadi (2019) claimed that Vitense et al. (2019) did not adequately report random forest parameter values, listing several parameters from the Python library scikit-learn as examples. Here, I explain that these parameters either were reported in the original paper or are not relevant for the software (RF++) and approach we employed. I further emphasize that the scikit-learn library should not be used to replicate the analysis in Vitense et al. (2019).
Política económica del gobierno de España 2011-2015: estabilidad lograda, fractura persistente

Following the custom of our journal, analyze and evaluate the economic policies of Governments which end a legislature, this editorial is about the stage of Rajoy’s Government from 2011 to 2015. There is a broad consensus on the obligation of an austerity policy imposed by the European framework in 2011 to avoid intervention. In the Spanish and European context of that year, the Government had no other way out than the budgetary stability with the containment of public expenditure. From the event that economic policy is primarily political, although one of their complex forms, and that all economic policy must take into account constraints of the immediate context that exerts more influence in that, our analysis of this attempt to explain the behavior of public officials, essentially the Government during that period. The editorial part of the analysis of the situation in December 2011, marked by recession and very relevant to the called party electoral support then to form a Government; then refers to the first biennium (2012-2013), focused on adjustments and reformist activism to win credibility inside and outside competition and "avoid the rescue", for which began hard political adjustments and reforms in the working market and in bank restructuring, with results like these: economic growth, budgetary stability and unpopularity of the settings. The second biennium (2014-2015) has been marked by the "out of the crisis", whose objectives were to generate broader expectations and increase the possible votes for the Government. At this stage there have been some failed reform policies, in addition to an important part of the population has suffered the social consequences of the austerity with a rising social fracture. At the conclusion of the editorial on this complex term, marked by an economic recovery with difficulties, we underline the achievement of budgetary stability and the growing social fracture, which have derived a serious generational, territorial and political fragmentation. In recent years there have been many economy, but less political, there have been management, but not the leadership of the State and its economic policy. The Spanish economy lives from 2014 a recovery with difficulties. If the goal was simply "out of the economic abyss", you have to conclude that this has been achieved; If we think "at what cost", probably this may be considered too high.
A 6-Transistor Ultra-Low Power CMOS Voltage Reference with 0.02%/V Line Sensitivity

This work presents a technique for design of ultralow power (ULP) CMOS voltage references achieving extremely low line sensitivity while maintaining state-of-the-art temperature insensitivity through the use of a 6-transistor (6 $T$ ) structure. The proposed technique demonstrates good performance in sub-100 nm CMOS technologies. The 65-nm CMOS implementation occupies only 840 µ m2 of area and consumes 28.6 pA from a 0.5 V supply. Measurements from 6 samples from the same wafer show an average line sensitivity of 0.02 %/V, a 10X improvement over previous 65 nm implementations, and an average temperature coefficient of 99.2 ppm/°C.
From Moses to DeMille: Adapting the Bible to the Big Screen

The genre of historical and contemporary cinema, which takes as its source of plot and characters the Bible has long enjoyed a welcome from the viewing public (whether in theaters or streaming on t...
Integrating music-based interventions with Gamma-frequency stimulation: Implications for healthy ageing.

In recent years, music-based interventions (MBIs) have risen in popularity as a non-invasive, sustainable form of care for treating dementia-related disorders, such as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite their clinical potential, evidence regarding the efficacy of MBIs on patient outcomes is mixed. Recently, a line of related research has begun to investigate the clinical impact of non-invasive Gamma-frequency (e.g., 40 Hz) sensory stimulation on dementia. Current work, using non-human-animal models of AD, suggests that non-invasive Gamma-frequency stimulation can remediate multiple pathophysiologies of dementia at the molecular, cellular, and neural-systems scales, and, importantly, improve cognitive functioning. These findings suggest that the efficacy of MBIs could, in theory, be enhanced by incorporating Gamma-frequency stimulation into current MBI protocols. In the current review, we propose a novel clinical framework for non-invasively treating dementia-related disorders that combines previous MBIs with current approaches employing Gamma-frequency sensory stimulation. We theorize that combining MBIs with Gamma-frequency stimulation could increase the therapeutic power of MBIs by simultaneously targeting multiple biomarkers of dementia, restoring neural activity that underlies learning and memory (e.g., Gamma-frequency neural activity, Theta-Gamma coupling), and actively engaging auditory and reward networks in the brain to promote behavioral change.