cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Cardiac Sarcomere Protein Titin Through 3’ Untranslated Regions

Titin is the largest known protein in the human body, and forms the backbone of all striated muscle sarcomeres. The elastic nature of titin is an important component of muscle compliance and functionality. A significant amount of energy is expended to synthesize titin, thus we postulate that titin gene expression is under strict regulatory control in order to conserve cellular resources. In general, gene expression is mediated in part by post-transcriptional control elements located within the 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions (UTRs) of mature mRNA. The 3’UTR in particular contains structural features that affect binding capacity to other RNA components, such as MicroRNA, which control mRNA localization, translation, and degradation. The degree and significance of the regulatory effects mediated by two determined variants of titin’s 3’ UTR were evaluated in Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocyte and Human Embryonic Kidney cell lines. Recombinant plasmids to transfect these cells lines were engineered by insertion of the variant titin 3’UTR 431- and 1047-base pairs sequences into luciferase reporter vectors. Expression due to an unaltered reporter vector served as the control. Quantitative changes in luciferase activity due to the recombinants proportionally represented the effect titin’s respective 3’UTR conferred on downstream post-transcriptional expression relative to the control. The effect due to titin’s shorter 3’UTR sequence was inconclusive; however, results illustrated that titin’s longer 3’UTR sequence caused a 35 percent decrease in protein expression. Secondary structural analysis of the two sequences revealed differential folding patterns that affect the stability and degree of MicroRNA-binding within titin’s variant 3’UTR sequences.
Dynamic metrics for object oriented designs

As object-oriented (OO) analysis and design techniques become more widely used, the demand on assessing the quality of OO designs increases substantially. Recently, there has been much research effort devoted to developing and empirically validating metrics for OO design quality. Complexity, coupling, and cohesion have received a considerable interest in the field. Despite the rich body of research and practice in developing design quality metrics, there has been less emphasis on dynamic metrics for OO designs. The complex dynamic behavior of many real-time applications motivates a shift in interest from traditional static metrics to dynamic metrics. This paper addresses the problem of measuring the quality of OO designs using dynamic metrics. We present a metrics suite to measure the quality of designs at an early development phase. The suite consists of metrics for dynamic complexity and object coupling based on execution scenarios. The proposed measures are obtained from executable design models. We apply the dynamic metrics to assess the quality of a pacemaker application. Results from the case study are used to compare static metrics to the proposed dynamic metrics and hence identify the need for empirical studies to explore the dependency of design quality on each.
Production of organometallic polymers by the interfacial technique. XXVII. Reaction variables in the synthesis of poly[oxy(dicyclopentadienylzirconium)oxycarbonylferrocenylcarbonyl]

The synthesis of poly[oxy(dicyclopentadienylzirconium)oxycarbonylferrocenylcarbonyl] was studied as a function of several reaction variables. Yield varied greatly with pH, reaching a maximum around pH = 7.5; yield was greater for systems employing a saturated aqueous solution of the disodium 1,1′-ferrocene dicarboxylate falling rapidly to a plateau; yield attained a maximum as the aqueous volume was varied but decreases throughout the range studied as the volume of CHCl3 increases; a plateau in yield was reached at around a stirring rate of 20,700 rpm. For more dilute solutions (6.7 × 10−3M) yield is dependent on the concentration of both reactants and seeks a maximum around a stirring time of 30 sec.
Prediction of Adult Cardiovascular Multifactorial Risk Status from Childhood Risk Factor Levels: The Bogalusa Heart Study

There is increasing interest in identifying children at risk for later development of cardiovascular disease. The authors studied 1,457 children who were first examined as part of the Bogalusa Heart Study in 1973 and again 15 years later as young adults. Age-, race-, and sex-specific quartiles were defined for each of three risk factor variables-ponderal index (weight/height 3 ), systolic blood pressure, and cholesterol-for both the child and adult measures. Adults were classified as clustered if they were in the top quartile for each of the variables. Clustered adults had higher levels of several risk factor variables, in addition to the criteria variables, than did nonclustered individuals. Of children who placed in the top quartile on three factors, 21.8% were clustered as adults. Only 1.1% of those with no risk factor levels in the top quartile were clustered as adults (p < 0.0001). Logistic regression was used to predict adult cluster status from childhood variable levels. All three factors were significant predictors, with blood pressure being the most powerful. This well-fitting model is easily interpretable in terms of standard deviations and can be a useful model for identifying at-risk children.
Revised SHEA Position Paper: Influenza Vaccination of Healthcare Personnel

Executive SummaryThis document serves as an update and companion piece to the 2005 Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Position Paper entitled “Influenza Vaccination of Healthcare Workers and Vaccine Allocation for Healthcare Workers During Vaccine Shortages.” In large part, the discussion about the rationale for influenza vaccination of healthcare personnel (HCP), the strategies designed to improve influenza vaccination rates in this population, and the recommendations made in the 2005 paper still stand. This position paper notes new evidence released since publication of the 2005 paper and strengthens SHEA's position on the importance of influenza vaccination of HCP. This document does not discuss vaccine allocation during times of vaccine shortage, because the 2005 SHEA Position Paper still serves as the Society's official statement on that issue.
On the flow field of a rapidly oscillating airfoil in a supersonic flow

This paper examines the features of the flow field off the surface of an oscillating flat-plate airfoil immersed in a two-dimensional supersonic flow Although the exact linearized solution for a supersonic unsteady airfoil has been known for a long time, its expression in the form of an integral is not convenient for a physical interpretation. In the present paper, the quintessential features of the flow field are extracted from the exact solution by obtaining an asymptotic expansion in descending powers of a frequency parameter through the repeated use of the stationary-phase and steepest descent methods. It is found that the flow field consists of two dominant and competing signals: one is the acoustic ray or that component arising from Lighthill's ‘convecting slab’ and the other is the leading-edge disturbance propagating as a convecting wavelet. The flow field is found to be divided into several identifiable regions defined by the relative magnitude of the signals, and the asymptotic expansions appropriate for each flow region are derived along with their parametric restrictions. Such intimate knowledge of the flow field in unsteady, supersonic flow is of interest for interference aerodynamics and related acoustic problems.
Interaction of cigarette smoking and carcinogen-metabolizing polymorphisms in the risk of colorectal polyps

The causal role of cigarette smoking in the risk of colorectal neoplasm has been suggested but not established. In a case-control study including 2060 colorectal polyp patients and 3336 polyp-free controls, we evaluated 21 functional genetic variants to construct a tobacco-carcinogen-metabolizing genetic risk score. Data regarding cigarette smoking were obtained through telephone interviews. Cigarette smoking was associated with an elevated risk of both adenomas and hyperplastic polyps. The association with smoking was stronger in participants with a high carcinogen-metabolizing risk score than those with a low risk score. Smoking 30 or more cigarettes per day was associated with a 1.7-fold elevated risk of any polyps (95% confidence interval = 1.3-2.2) among those with a low genetic risk score and 2.9-fold elevated risk (95% confidence interval = 1.8-4.8) among those with a high genetic risk score (P interaction = 0.025). A similar pattern of interaction was observed in analyses conducted separately for those with adenomas only (P interaction = 0.039) and hyperplastic polyps only (P interaction = 0.024). Interaction between carcinogen-metabolizing genetic risk and cigarette smoking was found in relation to high-risk adenomas (P interaction = 0.010) but not low-risk adenomas (P interaction = 0.791). No apparent interaction was found for duration of smoking. This study shows that the association between cigarette smoking and colorectal polyp risk is modified by tobacco-carcinogen-metabolizing polymorphisms, providing support for a causal role of cigarette smoking in the etiology of colorectal tumors.
Molecular classification of hepatocellular carcinoma: potential therapeutic implications

Genomic profiling of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors has elucidated recurrent molecular aberrations common or specific to disease etiology, patient race or geographic regions, allowing the classification of HCC tumors into subclasses sharing similar molecular and clinical characteristics. Previously reported transcriptome-based molecular subclasses have highlighted several common themes. Aggressive tumors are characterized by TP53 inactivation mutations and activation of pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, and further subclassified according to expression of stemness markers. The stemness marker-negative aggressive tumors display preferential TGF-β activation. Another group of less aggressive tumors contains a subclass characterized by CTNNB1 mutations accompanied with overexpression of liver-specific WNT targets such as GLUL. Molecular therapies selectively targeting features of the HCC subclasses have suggested their utility in enriching potential responders in clinical trials and guiding therapeutic decision-making for HCC patients.
Disowning knowledge in seven plays of Shakespeare

Preface and acknowledgements Preface to the updated edition 1. Introduction 2. The avoidance of love: a reading of King Lear 3. Othello and the stake of the other 4. Coriolanus and interpretation of politics 5. Hamlet's burden of proof 6. Recounting gains, showing losses: reading The Winter's Tale 7. Macbeth appalled Index of names and titles.
Neonatal adiposity increases with rising cord blood IGF-1 levels

Objective Infants with higher adiposity at birth may be at greater risk of developing obesity later in life. IGF-1 is important for intrauterine growth and may be a useful early life marker of adiposity, and thus later obesity risk. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between cord blood IGF-1, neonatal anthropometrics and markers of neonatal adiposity. Design, Patients and Measurements A cross-sectional study design was utilized to study a multiethnic cohort of full-term neonates born to healthy mothers with normal glucose tolerance at a large university hospital. Neonatal cord blood was collected after birth and assayed for IGF-1, leptin and C-peptide. Neonatal body composition was measured between 24 and 72 h of life using the method of air displacement plethysmography. Results Cord blood IGF-1 was positively and significantly associated with markers of neonatal adiposity in models adjusted for maternal age at delivery, race, maternal prepregnancy BMI, gestational age at delivery and neonatal sex: birthweight (r = 0·62, P < 0·001), leptin (r = 0·33, P = 0·018), fat mass (r = 0·52, P < 0·001) and percent body fat (r = 0·51, P < 0·001). Cord blood IGF-1 was not associated with cord blood C-peptide. Conclusions Cord blood IGF-1 is strongly associated with all measures of neonatal adiposity suggesting that IGF-1 may be an important contributor to in utero neonatal fat accumulation.
PULSED WAKES ARE (SOMETIMES) BETTER THAN STEADY JETS

![Figure][1] Do fish and jellyfish swim better than submarines? It depends a lot on what you mean by ‘better’. Some people have argued that fish are more efficient than subs, meaning that they waste a smaller fraction of the total propulsive energy. Others have argued that efficiency isn'
Alleviation of Acetic Acid Production During Mass Rearing of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Acetic acid production in larval diets for the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis Capitata (Wiedemann), was suppressed to levels below OSHA permissible exposure limits using a combined treatment of pasteurization and antibiotics (oxytetracycline and streptomycin). Acetobacter spp., Gluconobacter oxydans , and Zymomonas mobilis strains were identified as the major bacteria responsible for acetic acid production in the diet. The treated diets had 50% less titratable acid than the untreated diets, resulting in atmospheric acetic acid levels of 5.0 over the first 6 d of larval development whereas untreated diets fell from pH 5.8-6.2 to pH 3.7-4.0 during the same period. As a result, treated diets improved pupal yields by 36-58% without any apparent adverse affects on insect quality.
Intellectual property monopolies: Towards a new mercantilism?

The agreement on the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPs), signed within the GATT framework in 1994, set the international standards and objectives for the protection of intellectual property. Although the agreement was very favorable to western intellectual property oriented firms, the few concessions to developing countries, such as a ten-years delay to implement harsher intellectual property regulations, left some core country corporations dissatisfied. Indeed, as soon as the TRIPs agreement was signed, intellectual property firms, along with and via their respective states, started pushing for harsher intellectual property legislations in bilateral Free Trade Agreements, thus bypassing global regulations. Drawing from the debate on the state and globalization, as well as the question on the relation between intellectual property and capital accumulation, this paper exposes the new collusions between state and capital that rendered possible the emergence of strong intellectual property protection legislations virtually all over the globe, and proposes to interpret that evolution as a signal telling of the new functioning of the world economy. The author makes the case that one can define the current IP regime as a mercantilist system in which states, far from losing power against the growing internationalization of economic regulations, put their capacities in service of “their” IP-intensive corporations. In conclusion, the author suggests a further research agenda in which intellectual property issues can provide a window into our understanding of current trends in the workings of the world economy.
Assessing the Lexico-Grammatical Characteristics of a Corpus of College-Level Statistics Textbooks: Implications for Instruction and Practice.

A corpus of current editions of statistics textbooks was assessed to compare aspects and levels of readability for the topics of measures of center, line of fit, regression analysis, and regression...
Analysis of the clinical features in three cases of neurosyphilis

Objective: To study the clinical features in three cases of neurosyphilis as to offering evidences of early diagnosis.Methods: Clinical feature,neuroimages and laboratory findings of three cases of neurosyphilis were analyzed retrospectively. Results: (1) cerebrovascular syphilis 1 case,tabes dorsalis 2 cases; (2) Inall cases,Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) syphilis antibody reaction showed positive; CSF protein content was increased significantly,and cells increased(with monocyte mainly) (3) MRA and DSA of cerebrovascular syphilis show that Mi segment of the left middle cerebral artery is blocked. The left posterior cerebral artery and the left anterior cerebral artery compensate blood supply for the left middle cerebral artery through the cortical branch. (4) MRI of head and thoracic cord was normal in 2 cases of tabes dorsalis. Result of EMG and biopsy of sural nerve not manifest damage of peripheral nerveous system. Conclusion: The clinical manifestions of neurosyphilis are closely related to pathological types.Misdiagnosis rate is high at initial reception. Important basis of diagnosis remains on clinical manifestationsand positive syphilis antibody in serum or CSF.
Lessons Learned in Combat Burn Care

Burn injury comprises 5–20 % of injuries on the battlefield depending on operational tempo. The management of these injuries can pose significant challenges to the medical provider and care of these patients can be resource and labor intense. Coalition forces may present with poly-traumatic injuries in addition to burn and this will further complicate the care of these patients. Medical facilities supporting these mission must also be prepared to care for thermally injured host nationals as local medical resources will not likely be able to render appropriate level of care acutely. Unlike coalition casualties who are usually evacuated expeditiously, local nationals with burn injury will require prolonged care at field medical hospitals. Expectant care of host nationals with severe burn injury (>40–50 % total body surface area) should be considered since mortality is extremely high in this patient population.
The scientific basis of the "Goals": what can be done now?

Rather than universal “Dietary Goals, “ we need specific dietary guidelines aimed at specific groups, both for health promotion and disease prevention.
Planets under pressure

Deep inside the planet Jupiter, diamonds hail down from hydrocarbon clouds as intense atmospheric pressures break methane into its atomic components. Further in – but still only 15% of the way to the planet's centre – the pressure reaches a million times that of the Earth's atmosphere. This is enough to transform hydrogen from the transparent, insulating gas we know at our planet's surface into a metallic fluid that sustains Jupiter's huge magnetic field. Even diamond is not forever: at pressures of 8–10 million atmospheres it is transformed into an opaque, metallic form of carbon, rather than the familiar transparent crystal.
The Fundamental Group, Orientability

If we want to somehow classify surfaces, we have to deal with the issue of deciding when we consider two surfaces to be equivalent. It seems reasonable to treat homeomorphic surfaces as equivalent, but this leads to the problem of deciding when two surfaces are not homeomorphic, which is a very difficult problem. One way to approach this problem is to forget some of the topological structure of a surface and look for more algebraic objects that can be associated with a surface.
Characterization of an Intraplate Seismogenic Fault in the Manhattan Prong, Westchester Co., N. Y.

A close correlation in location, orientation and sense of slip is found between the Dobbs Ferry fault zone (DFFZ) and the 1985 Ardsley earthquake rupture ( m b =4.0) in southern Westchester Co., N.Y. A 3 km portion of the DFFZ that had been previously recognized by Hall is now traced for 8 km from the Hudson River to Cameron’s Line. Detailed mapping reveals a northwest trending zone of intense fracturing and faulting associated with a set of aligned linear valleys. The fault zone is a tabular zone of discontinuous faults and fractures rather than a single through-going fault, and cumulative offset across it is very small, considering size and age of the structure. Fractures range from purely extensional joints, to small-displacement slickensided microfaults, to brittle faults with measurable offset, breccia, and gouge. Mesoscopic structural data argue for predominantly left-lateral motion on the DFFZ. Sinistral motion also predominated in the 1985 earthquake sequence. The accumulated displacement on the DFFZ shown by offset Paleozoic-age markers, however, is right-lateral (20–30m). Other northwest-striking brittle faults in the Manhattan Prong exhibit similar right-lateral offsets. This discrepancy along with other data suggest a multi-phase evolution, probably including a plate-boundary phase coinciding with Mesozoic rifting and a presently active intraplate phase. The more recent left-lateral phase probably involved fault formation from preexisting (Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic ?) joints. Preliminary results of this study have immediate application to earthquake hazard analysis and broad implications regarding intraplate seismogenesis. Firstly, faults with little or no accumulated displacement (“low-displacement faults”) can be the source of significant earthquakes. Thus, rates and recency of displacement on faults need to be reevaluated as criteria for earthquake potential. Secondly, the structural setting of intraplate seismogenic faults may provide a basis for segmentation, leading to limits on the maximum characteristic size of earthquakes, which could be much smaller than magnitude estimates derived from a single rupture of the entire fault.
Digital Human Modeling: Trends in Human Algorithms

The emerging information technologies have given rise to new human patterns in terms of both physiological and psychological interactions. Human Algorithms aim to model human forms, interactions, and dynamics in this new context. They are becoming increasingly comprehensive and inexpensive for use in real-world designs: inside monitors, connected to networks, and under human skin. This book aims to reflect the state of the art of Digital Human Modeling, specifically emergent Human Algorithms. It constitutes a survey of innovative ideas aimed at a wide range of readers, including college students, researchers, engineers, designers, scientists, managers, and healthcare professionals. The 11 chapters are divided into three parts: Human Dynamics, Virtual Humans and Human Forms.
Mapping m 6 A at Individual-Nucleotide Resolution Using Crosslinking and Immunoprecipitation (miCLIP)

N 6 -methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant modified base in eukaryotic mRNA and has been linked to diverse effects on mRNA fate. Current m6A mapping approaches localize m6A residues to 100-200 nt-long regions of transcripts. The precise position of m6A in mRNAs cannot be identified on a transcriptome-wide level because there are no chemical methods to distinguish between m6A and adenosine. Here, we describe a method for using anti-m6A antibodies to induce specific mutational signatures at m6A residues after ultraviolet light-induced antibody-RNA crosslinking and reverse transcription. Then, we describe how to use these mutational signatures to map m6A residues at nucleotide resolution. Taken together, our protocol allows for high-throughput detection of individual m6A residues throughout the transcriptome.
“Illegitimate” Bodies in Legitimate Times: Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Movement

ABSTRACTDrawing on Michel Foucault’s concepts of state racism and biopower, the author of the 26th Delphine Hanna Lecture presents several claims: (a) that the idea of the illegitimate outsider in Western world governments like the United States has largely been influenced by ancient Greek ideals, (b) that a host of policies and intentional actions by power brokers create derision and hierarchies between “old” and “new” immigrant groups, and (c) neoliberal ideology couched in actions that aim “to protect the state” is nothing more than a recoding of traditional racist rhetoric that expands systemic racism. The author identifies the capabilities approach, asset based community development, and framing movement and physical activity as issues of justice as critical strategies to ensure equal rights for all.
Nutrient Utilization and Growth in LBW Infants

Over the past decade, a number of studies concerning growth, nutrient retention and metabolic response of low birth weight (LBW) infants fed a variety of formulas as well as a variety of human milk preparations have been reported (1–21). These studies, in toto, provide important insights concerning both the nutrient requirements of LBW infants and the utilization of nutrients for growth. Some of the insights in both areas will be illustrated in this chapter, using primarily the authors’ studies (21–23) as examples. These studies have the advantage of familiarity and, also, are among the few such studies in which protein and energy intakes were varied independently.
Reading and writing for healers

Aims, background and objectives: A growing body of research demonstrates that teaching close-reading and reflective writing to clinicians improves their ability to provide patient- and person-centered care. Through narrative medicine workshops, providers gain skills that can improve relationships with patients, increase empathy among clinicians and enhance clinical care. The goal of the event series (book discussion and reflective writing sessions) offered at the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, USA was to provide participants an interactive opportunity to practise and reflect upon the basic tenets of narrative medicine. Methods: The objectives were to recognize how a written text can inform and enhance empathetic and humanistic thinking and to develop an increased appreciation for the importance of humanistic thinking in healthcare. The goal of this article was to share the outcomes of a unique program, which was offered in an interprofessional setting and organized by collaborators across disciplines within and outside of the healthcare professions. To evaluate the overall effectiveness of the introductory presentation, book discussion and reflective writing sessions, anonymous surveys were employed to study participants’ perception about the role of literature in healthcare, the role of reflection in the provision of care and insights gained in the sessions. Results: The study revealed overwhelmingly positive responses by the participants to the programming. Qualitative data analysis revealed multiple areas of learning. Discussion and Conclusion: Due to the success of the workshop series, the School of Dental Medicine will offer the event again and expects it to become a sustained yearly event that fosters collaborations across different schools of the University.
Sensory and Immediate Memory

Sensory memory is recollection of perceptual types of how a stimulus looks, feels, sounds, etc. Immediate memory (including, but not limited to, sensory memory) is recollection of a small amount of information for a brief time; it is used to carry out cognitive tasks. Two key immediate-memory mechanisms are (1) activated sensory and conceptual features from long-term memory, with a short time limit to this activation; and (2) the subset of activated information that is in the focus of attention, with a limit to how many items can be in focus at once. These memory mechanisms may underlie conscious phenomena like the perceptual moment and the psychological present.
Yeasts and Molds

Despite the increasing availability of modern classification techniques based on similarities at the gene level, routine laboratory identification of yeasts still relies on microscopic comparison of the isolate’s cell shape, how it reproduces (asexually versus sexual), as well as utilization of various carbon and nitrogen compounds, and metabolites produced.
The TRIO-01 experiment

The TRIO-01 experiment is a comprehensive test of in-situ tritium recovery from a miniaturized solid breeder blanket assembly. Other solid breeder blanket performance factors such as thermal hydraulics, tritium permeation, and gas phase chemistry will be tested as well. The capsule assembly is irradiated in the A2 core position of the Oak Ridge Research Reactor (ORR). Tritium release and recovery is tested by passing a He sweep gas through the solid breeder capsule measuring and collecting the tritium in the sweep stream. The TRIO-01 experiment has extensive on-line monitoring including sweep gas analysis, temperatures, neutron flux, and tritium permeation.
Small Is Beautiful: Schools As If Kids Mattered.

E. F. Schumacher's best selling book, Small Is Beautiful-Economics As If People Mattered, is based on the increasingly popular assumption that, in business and economics, big is not necessarily better. The book graphically illustrates the point that bigness in and of itself is often counterproductive in its impact on those involved in the process and its impact on the consumer or those affected by the activity's outcomes. In addition, he argues, bigness is very often simply less efficient economically than smaller economic enterprises. In effect, what he is saying is that although many characteristics of an organization contribute or detract from its effectiveness and efficiency, there comes a point when sheer size becomes pervasive. Regardless of the quality of the staff, management effectiveness, or the complexity or simplicity of the task performed, efficiency at some point will be related almost exclusively to size. Do large school districts and large schools suffer the same afflictions Schumacher attributes to
Trends in Retina Specialist Imaging Utilization from 2012 to 2016 in the United States Medicare Fee-for-Service Population

Purpose To characterize temporal trends and regional variance in retinal imaging utilization in the United States Medicare fee-for-service population from 2012–2016. Design Cross-sectional, retrospective database analysis. Methods This study addresses office or operating-room based retinal imaging. Our study population included retina specialists, defined as ophthalmologists performing either intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor injections or posterior segment laser photocoagulation and no neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser capsulotomy. We recorded fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), intravenous fluorescein angiography (IVFA), indocyanine-green angiography, and ophthalmic ultrasound (B-scan) billed in the Medicare fee-for-service population from 2012–2016. Imaging obtained on any platform or device was eligible for inclusion (eg, posterior pole imaging vs ultrawidefield imaging). The main outcome measure was the relative utilization of retinal imaging modalities. Results National relative utilization of OCT increased from 61.5% in 2012 to 70.5% in 2016 (P Conclusions Among retina specialists, OCT usage increased while the utilization of fundus photography and IVFA has declined. The Midwest region had the highest utilization of OCT and lowest of IVFA.
Nonlinear Behavior of Protein and Tannin in Wine Produced by Cofermentation of an Interspecific Hybrid (Vitis spp.) and vinifera Cultivar

Wines produced from red interspecific hybrid grape cultivars (Vitis spp.) typically have lower tannin concentrations than wines produced from vinifera cultivars, which can be attributed to the lower concentration of tannins and higher concentration of tannin-binding proteins of interspecific cultivars. Tannin in wines produced from hybrid cultivars may be increased by blending hybrids with vinifera. We hypothesized that blending of grapes prior to fermentation (cofermentation) would result in final wine tannin concentrations lower than those predicted from the individual components due to protein-tannin binding, but that this effect would be absent from monovarietal wines blended postfermentation. To evaluate this hypothesis, a high tannin V. vinifera cultivar (Cabernet Sauvignon) was blended with an interspecific hybrid (Marquette) at different ratios either before (cofermentation) or after fermentation over a two-year period. The tannin and protein concentrations of the wines were measured by methyl cellulose precipitation assay and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. Tannin and protein concentrations in blended wines were compared to values predicted from the linear combination of the two monovarietal wines. Cofermented blends with a high proportion of Marquette had up to 25% lower tannin than predicted, but observed and predicted tannin concentrations did not differ for most cofermentations and postfermentation blends. However, protein concentrations for many of the blends—especially from cofermentation—were lower than predicted values (>50% in some cases). Loss of protein due to adsorption to tannin was well modeled by a Freundlich adsorption isotherm.
Gamma-ray astrophysics.

Abstract Because of the very nature of the production processes. γ-ray astrophysics provides an excellent new opportunity to gain insight into the nature of the Universe. Gamma-ray astronomy permits a very direct study of the largest transfers of energy occurring in astrophysical processes, including rapid expansion processes explosions, high-energy particle acceleration, gravitational accretion onto superdense objects, the fundamental process of the building of the elements through nucleosynthesis, and even possibly particle-antiparticle annihilation. This review article give a summary of the current status and physical interpretation of γ-ray astronomy. The subject matter is divided into five topics solar observations, solar system bodies, stellar objects, the Galaxy, and other galaxies and cosmology. Since the whole of γ-ray astrophysics is too large a subject to be treated in depth in an article of this size, two topics have been selected from the several possible ones to be described more fully. These are remote γ-ray and X-ray sensing of planetary surfaces and diffuse galactic γ-radiation.
Institutionalization and Identity of Contemporary Art (2000-Present)

The art of twenty-first century, started with the individual suicide, came to an age of institutionalization and identity of Chinese contemporary art. This would be reflected in the appearance of art districts, the boom of art museums, and contemporary art entering art academies. It also saw the development of Maximalism and Way of Ink, Chinese approaches toward contemporaneity. Social or Critical Realism reemerged, and the Feminine Art of the 1990s moved forward to Feminist Art.
Multicultural body-based cultural frame switching: A dance/movement therapy approach

This article considers how individuals who believe they do not belong to a single cultural or ethnic group, may feel culturally homeless as a result of low bicultural identity integration (BII) in ...
Particle interactions with permeable drops in shear flow

Abstract Motivated by particle removal from suspension by agglomeration with drops, the behavior of a spherical solid particle as it approaches a spherical drop covered with a rigid, permeable film is examined numerically. The particle and drop are in an external shear flow where viscous forces dominate. First, we revisit the classical problem of a particle interacting with a non-permeable drop, which includes closed orbits and open trajectories, but no collisional trajectories (without attractive forces present). Next, permeability is introduced, which modifies the two-sphere mobility functions for the system. For permeable drops, four types of trajectories are found, including infinity to drop (collision), infinity to infinity (miss), finite drop-to-drop, and closed-orbit trajectories. The collision efficiency as a function of the particle/drop size ratio and film permeability is then calculated. The efficiency dramatically increases with permeability, and it is maximum when the particle and drop are of nearly equal size.
Compositional Models: Multi-Task Learning and Knowledge Transfer with Modular Networks

Conditional computation and modular networks have been recently proposed for multitask learning and other problems as a way to decompose problem solving into multiple reusable computational blocks. We propose a novel fully-differentiable approach for learning modular networks.In our method, the modules can be invoked repeatedly and allow knowledge transfer to novel tasks by adjusting the order of computation. This allows soft weight sharing between tasks with only a small increase in the number of parameters. We show that our method leads to interpretable self-organization of modules in case of multi-task learning, transfer learning and domain adaptation while achieving competitive results on those tasks. From practical perspective, our approach allows to: (a) reuse existing modules for learning new task by adjusting the computation order, (b) use it for unsupervised multi-source domain adaptation to illustrate that adaptation to unseen data can be achieved by only manipulating the order of pretrained modules, (c) show how our approach can be used to increase accuracy of existing architectures for image classification tasks such as ImageNet, without any parameter increase, by reusing the same block multiple times.
Pulsion diverticula of the rectum: Radiological diagnosis and clinical implications.

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the appearance of acquired rectal diverticula on barium enema and computed tomography (CT) and to review the pertinent clinical data about this entity. METHODS This series included 3 men and 6 women, who ranged in age from 47 to 82 years (average: 64 years). Air-contrast barium enema in 6 patients with history of anorectal disease or obstructed defecation demonstrated rectal diverticula. In these cases, multiple radiographs of the rectosigmoid region were obtained in upright position while the patient was relaxing or straining without any attempt to evacuate the barium. In 3 cases, the lateral rectal diverticula were incidental finding on CT studies that were performed for various unrelated abdominal complaints. RESULTS Pulsion type of diverticulum presenting as a wide-neck outpouching was detected on the lateral rectal wall in 5 and on the posterior wall in 4 patients. They measured 2-3 cm in diameter when filled with contrast material or gas, and became even larger when the intraluminal pressure was increased by straining. CONCLUSION Pulsion diverticula of the rectum present as a wide-neck outpouching of the lateral or posterior rectal wall in adult patients. This acquired abnormality is usually associated with coexisting anorectal lesions or defecation disorders. The practising radiologists and colorectal surgeons should be aware of this uncommon condition, its appearance on barium enema and other imaging studies, and its clinical implications.
Integrating the Literature on Lethal Violence: A Comparison of Mass Murder, Homicide, and Homicide-Suicide:

Although mass murder is traditionally examined as a separate construct from homicide generally, few studies have explored their similarities and differences. This study compares the incident, victi...
Abstract 1046: Synergistic cytotoxic effect of sulfated glycolipid PG545 in combination with ATR inhibition in ovarian cancer cells

Despite the advances in the molecular understanding of ovarian cancer (OC), improvements in therapy are still needed. PG545 is a highly sulfated small molecule and is currently in Phase I clinical investigation, which has shown promising antitumor activity in multiple tumor models, including ovarian, endometrial and pancreatic cancers. Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR), plays a crucial role in maintaining genomic integrity by responding to a large spectrum of DNA damage, including double strand breaks (DSBs) that interfere with replication. Several ATR inhibitors have been developed, but resistance is likely to occur. This study aimed to investigate the potential synergistic effect of combining PG545 with ATR inhibition in OC. Proliferation and clonogenic assay showed that combination of PG545 with ATR shRNA or ATR inhibitor (ATRi; VE-822) synergistically decreased cell survival compared with single-agent treatments in two OC cell lines, OVCAR5 and OVCAR8 cells. PG545 monotherapy induced DNA damage, activated the ATR signaling pathways as well as the S and G2/M cell cycle checkpoints. The combination of PG545 and ATRi inhibited the phosphorylation of ATR and Chk1, induced γH2AX and lead to a marked increase in pan-nuclear γH2AX-positive cells. Moreover, ATRi diminished the cell cycle effects of PG545 and markedly enhanced PG545-induced apoptosis in OC cell lines. Taken together, our results indicate that the combination of PG545 with ATR inhibition may be promising options to be considered in future clinical trials of OC. Citation Format: Yinan Xiao, Chaolin Deng, Ye Guan, Ling Jin, Upasana Ray, Prabhu Thirusangu, Julie Staub, Haotian Xu, Viji Shridhar. Synergistic cytotoxic effect of sulfated glycolipid PG545 in combination with ATR inhibition in ovarian cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1046.
An Analysis of the Impact of the Motor Carrier Act of 1980 on the Use of Advertising by General Motor Freight Carriers

The purpose of this paper is to determine if advertising in the motor carrier industry has increased since the passage of the Motor Carrier Act of 1980. A census of sixty-five common carriers was conducted through the use of a mail survey. Simple, but meaningful, dependent and independent variables were established to test several hypotheses.
Regular Edge Labelings and Drawings of Planar Graphs

The problems of nicely drawing planar graphs have received increasing attention due to their broad applications [5]. A technique, regular edge labeling, was successfully used in solving several planar graph drawing problems, including visibility representation, straight-line embedding, and rectangular dual problems. A regular edge labeling of a plane graph G labels the edges of G so that the edge labels around any vertex show certain regular pattern. The drawing of G is obtained by using the combinatorial structures resulting from the edge labeling. In this paper, we survey these drawing algorithms and discuss some open problems.
Roles for Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) and PPARγ Coactivators 1α and 1β in Regulating Response of White and Brown Adipocytes to Hypoxia *

Obese white adipose tissue is hypoxic but is incapable of inducing compensatory angiogenesis. Brown adipose tissue is highly vascularized, facilitating delivery of nutrients to brown adipocytes for heat production. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which white and brown adipocytes respond to hypoxia. Brown adipocytes produced lower amounts of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) than white adipocytes in response to low O2 but induced higher levels of hypoxia-associated genes. The response of white adipocytes to hypoxia required HIF-1α, but its presence alone was incapable of inducing target gene expression under normoxic conditions. In addition to the HIF-1α targets, hypoxia also induced many inflammatory genes. Exposure of white adipocytes to a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligand (troglitazone) attenuated induction of these genes but enhanced expression of the HIF-1α targets. Knockdown of PPARγ in mature white adipocytes prevented the usual robust induction of HIF-1α targets in response to hypoxia. Similarly, knockdown of PPARγ coactivator (PGC) 1β in PGC-1α-deficient brown adipocytes eliminated their response to hypoxia. These data demonstrate that the response of white adipocytes requires HIF-1α but also depends on PPARγ in white cells and the PPARγ cofactors PGC-1α and PGC-1β in brown cells.
Computational analyses of CO-rebreathing methods for estimating haemoglobin mass in humans.

Measurement of haemoglobin mass (MHb) is used to quantify alterations in oxygen delivery during exercise training or acclimatization to altitude. Uptake of carbon monoxide by haemoglobin is the basis of the common non-radioactive methods to determine MHb in humans. This study used a validated mathematical model to simulate CO uptake during rebreathing protocols and to determine sources of errors in estimation of MHb. Our previously published model was validated using experimentally measured carboxyhaemoglobin levels (%HbCO) from arterial, capillary and venous blood sites of human subjects during CO-rebreathing protocols. This model was then used to simulate various CO-rebreathing protocols in 24 human subjects with known MHb. Using variables generated by the model, MHb was estimated on the basis of assumptions typically made for calculating the volume of CO bound to myoglobin, the volume of CO exhaled and the volume of CO in the rebreathing system. It was found that inaccurate estimation of the volume of CO bound to myoglobin was the major source of error in determination of MHb. Additionally, the size of the error was found to depend on the site of blood sampling because of differences in %HbCO. Regression equations were developed to improve the estimation of volume of CO bound to myoglobin, and a new protocol that is less dependent on the site of blood sampling is proposed.
Practical techniques for industrial control

This paper reviews practical control techniques which are convenient to use by industrial engineers. The discussion is limited to the control of time-invariant linear deterministic systems. The merits and demerits of each technique are discussed. The techniques discussed are: PID control; lag/lead control; linear quadratic control; dynamic matrix control; internal model control; disturbed observation control; variable structure control; and fuzzy logic and neural net control.
Instructional Strategies Used to Improve Students’ Comfort and Skill in Addressing the Occupational Therapy Process

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an intentional blending of instructional strategies in an occupational therapy (OT) entry-level master’s course. The OT Adult Practice course uses case-based instructional strategies, clinical skills labs, and standardized patient experiences in a dovetailed approach across three progressively complex clinical scenarios involving adult clients. The course is designed to support students in addressing the entire OT Process. Results of quantitative data analysis indicated that the sequential application of case-based instructional strategies, lab experiences, and standardized patient learning opportunities significantly improved students’ self-perception of their level of comfort and skill in being able to perform the following components of the OT process for adult clients: occupational profile, OT evaluation, developing an OT treatment plan, implementing OT treatment, and planning for discharge.
Isolation of Membrane-Associated Folded Chromosomes from Escherichia coli: Effect of Protein Synthesis Inhibition

The sedimentation properties of membrane-associated folded chromosomes prepared from Escherichia coli TAU-bar at 0 to 4 C were studied. Utilizing a modification of the procedure of Stonington and Pettijohn (1971), quantitative yields of membrane-associated folded chromosomes may be obtained. Folded chromosomes remained associated with the cell envelope during their replication and after completion of residual synthesis in the absence of required amino acids, as demonstrated by sedimentation velocities and the presence of high levels of cosedimenting protein. Membrane-associated folded chromosomes isolated from amino acid-starved cells sedimented more rapidly than membrane-associated folded chromosomes isolated from exponentially growing cells.
Efficacy of a minimal contact version of a multimodal smoking cessation program.

Abstract A five-week multimodal smoking cessation program was delivered in two formats: Weekly Contact Group meetings led by graduate student leaders versus a minimal contact By-Mail version consisting of weekly mailings of program materials. By-Mail subjects also had access to a “hotline” number they could call with questions and problems. Of 43 smokers who began the Contact Group program, 37% were abstinent at one-year follow-ups; 41% of the 49 By-Mail subjects were abstinent at one year. These results suggest that cost effective minimal contact cessation programs can benefit the many smokers who are unwilling or unable to visit cessation clinics.