cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Limiting the spread of highly resistant hospital-acquired microorganisms via critical care transfers: a simulation study.

Purpose Hospital-acquired infections with highly resistant organisms are an important problem among critically ill patients. Control of these organisms has largely focused within individual hospitals. We examine the extent to which transfers of critically ill patients could be a vector for the wide spread of highly resistant organisms, and compare the efficiency of different approaches to targeting infection control resources.
Role-playing game for studying user behaviors in security: A case study on email secrecy

Understanding the capabilities of adversaries (e.g., how much the adversary knows about a target) is important for building strong security defenses. Computing an adversary's knowledge about a target requires new modeling techniques and experimental methods. Our work describes a quantitative analysis technique for modeling an adversary's knowledge about private information at workplace. Our technical enabler is a new emulation environment for conducting user experiments on attack behaviors. We develop a role-playing cyber game for our evaluation, where the participants take on the adversary role to launch ID theft attacks by answering challenge questions about a target. We measure an adversary's knowledge based on how well he or she answers the authentication questions about a target. We present our empirical modeling results based on the data collected from a total of 36 users.
A general relativistic code for rotating axisymmetric configurations and gravitational radiation: Numerical methods and tests

Abstract We describe a fully general relativistic computer code for solving the complete coupled Einstein/hydrodynamic equations for rotating axisymmetric systems including their gravitational wave emission. We describe the formalism used; the form of the equations which are solved; and the numerical methods employed. The hydrodynamic and geometrical tests used to check the code are also documented.
Challenges to Regulatory Harmonization and Standard-Setting: The Case of Environmental Accounting in the US and Canada

Disputes over global standards for economic and financial accounting have become commonplace in international governance since the 1990s. Many of these disputes are rooted in the distributional consequences of proposed standards. Many others reflect significant ideological differences. In this article, we suggest that comparative analysis of regulatory and political culture – the normative and institutional organization of national governance – can reveal important insights into how and why disagreements emerge and persist in efforts to harmonize global accounting rules. We focus in particular on one aspect of political culture: civic epistemologies of statistical accounting – the institutions, procedures, and practices by which governments produce, validate, and put to use statistical knowledge and data in making policy decisions. Our study examines the case of the failure of the London Group on Environmental Accounting to achieve standard approaches to revising the United Nations System of National Acco...
l dependence of dielectronic recombination from a continuum of finite bandwidth in a static electric field

It should be possible to separate experimentally the contributions to dielectronic recombination (DR) of energetically unresolved intermediate autoionizing Rydberg nl states using electric fields. This notion is based on two essential ideas. First, electric fields enhance the DR rate by Stark-mixing low-l states with high autoionization rates with high-l states with low autoionization rates. Second, the field at which an l state becomes Stark mixed is determined by its quantum defect, a known function of l. Consequently, the electric-field dependence of the DR rate should reflect the l dependence of the autoionization rates and thus the contributions of the zero-field nl states to the DR rate. This notion cannot be tested experimentally by examining true DR. However, it can be tested by studying DR from a continuum of finite bandwidth (CFB), for in this case the intermediate Rydberg nl states are restricted to a single value of l. Specifically, we have examined the electric-field dependence of DR from two CFB's, the Ba 6p{sub 3/2}11d and 6p{sub 3/2}8g states. In these two cases the intermediate autoionizing Rydberg states are restricted to the Ba 6p{sub 1/2}nd and 6p{sub 1/2}ng states (l=2 and 4), which have quantum defects of 0.25 and 0.02, respectively.more » For the same n they are Stark mixed at fields differing by an order of magnitude. We show experimentally that enhancement of the DR rate occurs at fields differing by a factor of 10 for nd and ng states of the same n, as expected, confirming that the field dependence of DR can be used to extract information about the contributions of energetically unresolved l states to the zero-field DR rate.« less
Buspirone treatment of sexual dysfunction associated with selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors

A retrospective study was done of sixteen patients treated with adjunctive buspirone in the context of sexual dysfunction associated with the use of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRls). Sexual functioning was rated as much or very much improved in 11 patients (69%). Treatment was generally very well tolerated. However, several patients who had become less irritable after treatment with an SSRI, reported increased irritability. The results suggest adjunctive buspirone may be useful in the management of sexual dysfunction associated with SSRIs; possible mechanisms of action are discussed. Depression 2:109–112 (1994). © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The synthesis of [14C]‐L‐lysyl‐N‐(2‐benzoyl‐4‐chlorophenyl)‐N‐methyl glycinamide

A procedure has been developed for the synthesis of L-lysyl-N-(2-benzoyl-4-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl glycinamide labelled with carbon-14. The label was introduced using [14C]carbon dioxide to prepare the intermediate [carboxyl-14C]benzoic acid.
Quality Control in O.R. Literature

I think we will all agree that the discussion of Operations Research OR literature during the past couple of years points to the existence of a problem: the sheer volume of OR literature often prevents anyone from coping with it. When we try to solve a problem, it is appropriate to first define it and understand it---so let us take a look at the system of creation of scientific literature as it stands today. Several aspects of the process of evaluating the quality of contributions by the reviewers and the choice of publications where an author will submit the paper are discussed.
An economic model of corn combine forward speed control

Abstract An economic model of corn combining was developed and implemented as a BASIC simulation program. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the net financial returns of combine harvesting are most strongly influenced by crop yield, grain unit value, crop area, time available for harvest, harvest strategy, moisture content, yield variation, drying cost, and combine purchase price. The simulation program was used to evaluate management alternatives, such as different harvesting strategies. For example, simulation results showed a $408 per year economic advantage of constant flowrate over constant forward ground speed for the specific conditions and assumptions of the base case.
The Feto-Maternal Health Cost of Intimate Partner Violence Among Delivery-Related Discharges in the United States, 2002-2009

Our purpose was to estimate the national prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) among delivery-related discharges and to investigate its association with adverse feto-maternal birth outcomes and delivery-related cost. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of delivery-related hospital discharges from 2002 to 2009 was conducted using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). We used ICD-9-CM codes to identify IPV, covariates, and outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between IPV and each outcome. Joinpoint regression was used for trend analysis. During the study period, 3,649 delivery-related discharges were diagnosed with IPV (11.2 per 100,000; 95% CI = [10.0, 12.4]). IPV diagnosis during delivery is associated with stillbirth (AOR = 4.12, 95% CI = [2.75, 6.17]), preterm birth (AOR = 1.97, 95% CI = [1.59, 2.44]), fetal death (AOR = 3.34, 95% CI = [1.99, 5.61]), infant with poor intrauterine growth (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI = [1.01, 2.40]), and increased inpatient hospital care cost (US$5,438.2 vs. US$4,080.1) per each discharge, incurring an additional cost of US$4,955,707 during the study period. IPV occurring during pregnancy has a significant health burden to both the mother and infant. Education about IPV; screening at periodic intervals, including during obstetric visits; and ongoing clinical care could help to reduce or eliminate adverse effects of pregnancy-related IPV. Preventing the lifelong consequences associated with IPV can have a positive effect on the overall health of all women and delivery-related health care cost.
The Impact of a Human Sexuality College Course According to Gender: Comparisons of the 1970s and the 1990s [1]

This is a report of a student-developed 24-item human sexuality survey administered pre/post to human sexuality and comparison course students in the 1970s and 1990s with 10 questions added in the 1990s. In the 1970s, nine of the item responses for human sexuality students showed significant pre-test gender differences that were not found in post-testing. This was largely due to changes in the responses of the men, whose views became more egalitarian and more like the women's. In the 1990s, it was changes in the views of women that accounted for most post-test differences but not in a clear pattern. Women in both course types in the 1990s (1) became more accepting than men of sex between same-sex partners and (2) reported less frequency and more 'wrongness' about masturbation. Human sexuality men responded more conservatively in the 1990s than in the 1970s with less post-test similarity to women, as predicted. Nonetheless, in general, after human sexuality input gender responses became more similar in bot...
A Four-Step Faculty Compensation Model: From Equity Analysis to Adjustment.

A four-step statistical process is proposed to take faculty compensation analysis from identification of possible inequities to potential salary adjustment options.
Distinctive TLR7 Signaling, Type I IFN Production, and Attenuated Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Yellow Fever Virus in a Primate Reservoir Host

Why cross-species transmissions of zoonotic viral infections to humans are frequently associated with severe disease when viruses responsible for many zoonotic diseases appear to cause only benign infections in their reservoir hosts is unclear. Sooty mangabeys (SMs), a reservoir host for SIV, do not develop disease following SIV infection, unlike nonnatural HIV-infected human or SIV-infected rhesus macaque (RM) hosts. SIV infections of SMs are characterized by an absence of chronic immune activation, in association with significantly reduced IFN-α production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) following exposure to SIV or other defined TLR7 or TLR9 ligands. In this study, we demonstrate that SM pDCs produce significantly less IFN-α following ex vivo exposure to the live attenuated yellow fever virus 17D strain vaccine, a virus that we show is also recognized by TLR7, than do RM or human pDCs. Furthermore, in contrast to RMs, SMs mount limited activation of innate immune responses and adaptive T cell proliferative responses, along with only transient antiviral Ab responses, following infection with yellow fever vaccine 17D strain. However, SMs do raise significant and durable cellular and humoral immune responses comparable to those seen in RMs when infected with modified vaccinia Ankara, a virus whose immunogenicity does not require TLR7/9 recognition. Hence, differences in the pattern of TLR7 signaling and type I IFN production by pDCs between primate species play an important role in determining their ability to mount and maintain innate and adaptive immune responses to specific viruses, and they may also contribute to determining whether disease follows infection.
Proton beam therapy versus conformal photon radiation therapy for childhood craniopharyngioma: multi-institutional analysis of outcomes, cyst dynamics, and toxicity

Purpose We compared proton beam therapy (PBT) with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for pediatric craniopharyngioma in terms of disease control, cyst dynamics, and toxicity. Methods and Materials We reviewed records from 52 children treated with PBT (n=21) or IMRT (n=31) at 2 institutions from 1996-2012. Endpoints were overall survival (OS), disease control, cyst dynamics, and toxicity. Results At 59.6 months' median follow-up (PBT 33 mo vs IMRT 106 mo; P P =.742; nodular failure-free survival P =.546; cystic failure-free survival P =.994). During therapy, 40% of patients had cyst growth (20% requiring intervention); immediately after therapy, 17 patients (33%) had cyst growth (transient in 14), more commonly in the IMRT group (42% vs 19% PBT; P =.082); and 27% experienced late cyst growth (32% IMRT, 19% PBT; P =.353), with intervention required in 40%. Toxicity did not differ between groups. On multivariate analysis, cyst growth was related to visual and hypothalamic toxicity ( P =.009 and .04, respectively). Patients given radiation as salvage therapy (for recurrence) rather than adjuvant therapy had higher rates of visual and endocrine ( P =.017 and .024, respectively) dysfunction. Conclusions Survival and disease-control outcomes were equivalent for PBT and IMRT. Cyst growth is common, unpredictable, and should be followed during and after therapy, because it contributes to late toxicity. Delaying radiation therapy until recurrence may result in worse visual and endocrine function.
Generalizations of Blom And Bloem's PDF decomposition for permutation-invariant estimation

Minimum mean squared error estimates generally are not optimal in terms of a common track error statistic used in tracking benchmarks, namely a form of the Mean Optimal Sub-pattern Assignment (MOSPA) metric. We derive an explicit solution for the MOSPA-optimal estimates for two scalar targets. We also generalize previous work on permutation variant and invariant PDF decompositions by Blom and Bloem (avoiding the use of measure theory), demonstrating how the means of these PDFs may be used to approximate minimum MOSPA estimates. These methods based upon PDF manipulation may be used with general PDFs for an arbitrary number of targets having states of arbitrary dimensionality. The results are also applicable within the context of channel estimation.
Effect of Fluid Viscosity on Dynamics of Self-Assembly at Air–Water–Solid Interface

This paper details the effect of fluid viscosity on previously presented self-assembly at an air-water-solid interface through experimental and analytical approaches. The assembly method is subdivided into three process steps (approach, rotation, and pull-up), and their viscosity dependence is investigated. The motion of a moving part is described using a derived modeling equation. The assembly proceeds row-by-row as an assembly substrate is pulled up through an air-water-solid interface. High yields at different viscosities are demonstrated using thin square parts (2000 × 2000 × 100 μm3). Near 100% yield can be achieved by adding visual feedback control for the application of Faraday waves. The combined effect of the application time and the fluid viscosity is analyzed.
Big Risks in the Big Bill

Guest Editorial is an occasional feature of the Financial Analysts Journal. This piece reflects the views of the author and does not represent the official views of the FAJ or CFA Institute.
Electrically injected quantum dot photonic crystal microcavity light emitters and microcavity arrays

Progress in the design, fabrication and characterization of electrically injected photonic-crystal quantum-dot microcavity light sources is described. In the devices investigated in this study, the carriers are injected directly into the photonic crystal microcavity, avoiding the surface state recombination in the photonic crystal pattern. A novel and robust air-bridge contact technology is demonstrated. Spectral linewidths ∼2–3 nm are observed from hexagonal microcavities of varying sizes in the output spectra of oxide-clad microcavity devices. Narrower linewidths ∼1.3 nm are observed from air-clad devices. Results on arrays of densely packed oxide-clad photonic crystal microcavities are also presented. Spectral characteristics of oxide-clad and air-clad devices are compared. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
Efficient Broadcasting in Delay Tolerant Networks

Delay tolerant networks are a class of networks characterized by intermittent connectivity, long delays, and noncontemporaneous end-to-end paths between nodes. Standard Internet protocols do not fare well in these situations and special protocols have been developed to handle routing, broadcasting and other mechanisms for transporting data. In this paper, we discuss a mechanism for energy efficient broadcast - the k-neighbor broadcast scheme. Nodes do not broadcast all the time, but wait for an opportunity to reach multiple nodes with one transmission, thereby reducing the number of transmissions overall. We performed a simulation based study and found our scheme performs efficiently in a predictable manner.
Russia and Soul: An Exploration

Russia and Soul: An Exploration. Dale Pesmen. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2000. 364 pp.
Research Ethics and Case Studies in Psychology A Commentary on Taus v. Loftus

Loftus and Guyer have been criticized for the methods they employed in investigating an anonymous case study published by Corwin and Olafson. This article examines the ethical dimensions of their investigation. Loftus and Guyer have offered three defenses for their actions. All three of those defenses lack merit. Their investigation did not constitute oral history because it failed to comport with the basic requirements of that practice. Their investigation did not constitute ethical journalism because of the unjustified use of anonymous sources and the clear violation of basic fairness. Their investigation did not constitute justified medical research because of a failure to analyze or weigh the harms against the benefits. Their methods also violated ethical principles for psychologists, including the rule against activities that could reasonably be expected to impair the psychologist's objectivity. This case demonstrates that there is no ethical way to investigate a clinical case, without the patient's approval, that is both comprehensive enough to provide strong scholarship and yet respectful enough of privacy and medical confidentiality to honor important professional norms.
Dynamic coordination strategies between HVDC and STATCOM

This paper dealt with a STATCOM (Static Compensator), considered the combination of the robust performance against commutation failure and low capital cost of filter size in HVDC system. Especially, the main target of this paper is to improve the performance of dynamic voltage control at the inverters of very weak AC systems which has harmonic instability and commutation failure phenomena. PSCAD/EMTDC simulations are presented to demonstrate the robust performance and to validate the proposed system in case of considering a saturation phenomena of HVDC transformer.
Assimilation of SeaWiFS data into a global ocean-biogeochemical model using a local SEIK filter

Chlorophyll data from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) is assimilated into the three-dimensional global NASA Ocean Biogeochemical Model (NOBM) for the period 1998–2004 in order to obtain an improved representation of chlorophyll in the model. The assimilation is performed by the SEIK filter, which is based on the Kalman filter algorithm. The filter is implemented to univariately correct the concentration of surface total chlorophyll. A localized filter analysis is used and the filter is simplified by using a static state error covariance matrix. The assimilation provides daily global surface chlorophyll fields and improves the chlorophyll estimates relative to a model simulation without assimilation. The comparison with independent in situ data over the seven years also shows a significant improvement of the chlorophyll estimate. The assimilation reduces the RMS log error of total chlorophyll from 0.43 to 0.32, while the RMS log error is 0.28 for the in situ data considered. That is, the global RMS log error of chlorophyll estimated by the model is reduced by the assimilation from 53% to 13% above the error of SeaWiFS. Regionally, the assimilation estimate exhibits smaller errors than SeaWiFS data in several oceanic basins.
A stereoselective hydroazulene synthesis

An interest in synthetic approaches to certain naturally occurring hydroazulenes' prompted our exploration of new stereoselective routes to substituted bicyclo[5.3.0]decanes.2 The conformational uncertainties inherent in such ring systems3 led us to consider schemes which employ ratecontrolled reactions to construct the required derivatives. This rseport describes some progress toward this end along the general lines shown below.*
Mathematical modeling and optimization of the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to form styrene

A mathematical model is developed for a styrene pilot plant reactor. The steady state version of this model was used to optimize the location of a steam injection port part way along the catalytic bed. Significant improvement in reactor performance was predicted by splitting the steam feed between the reactor inlet and the injection port. Performance was measured in terms of market value of products minus a utility cost for the steam. Studies were also carried out via computer simulation to determine optimal operating conditions. An important result was the relationship of optimal steam-to-ethylbenzene feed ratio to the kinetic parameters which describe the main dehydrogenation reaction. A pilot plant was constructed and operated in order to investigate experimentally the predictions of the mathematical model. Instrumentation was designed and installed so that an on-line digital computer could acquire process measurements directly and establish operating conditions. The experimental program confirmed the improved performance by operation of the reactor with a steam injection port and the existence of an optimum of the steam-to-ethylbenzene feed ratio as indicated by simulation.
DSpace@SEECS: SEECS institutional repository system

Institutions increasingly recognize the need to develop digital repositories for organizing and managing their intellectual output to enhance scholarly communication. An institutional repository (IR) enhances opportunities for efficient use of existing research material and improved learning experiences, and encourages collaboration within and between different disciplines and groups. Installing IR software is not a major issue, but the challenge lies in tailoring the software and setting up services, policies, and procedures to make it work effectively in an institutional environment. The purpose of this paper is to document SEECS IR system's experience in developing the institutional repository. The contribution of this paper is to provide a case study which will be useful for other academic institutions in developing countries who want to develop their own institutional repositories.
Boulevard of broken dreams: why public efforts to boost entrepreneurship and venture capital have failed – and what to do about it

Boulevard of broken dreams: why public efforts to boost entrepreneurship and venture capital have failed – and what to do about it, by Josh Lerner, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2009, ...
Scaling Properties of Gold Nanocluster Chemiresistor Sensors

The effect of geometric scaling on the performance of metal-insulator metal-ensemble (MIME) chemiresistors based on gold nanoclusters is investigated. The ultrasmall size of the nanoclusters is shown to enable extreme scaling of the sensors with reductions in area of at least a factor of 104 over conventional MIME devices. If the operating voltage is held constant, the absolute sensitivity of the devices is found to remain essentially unchanged by the geometric scaling. Interestingly, this occurs despite the fact that contact resistance appears to play a significant role in the smallest devices. The detection limit of the sensors is set by a signal-to-noise ratio, and because 1/f noise tends to dominate, reduction in sensor size raises the noise floor, leading to a degradation in the detection limit. Because of the importance of the 1/f noise, optimal performance will be obtained by operating the sensors under ac conditions with filtering. Despite the degradation in performance that results from scaling, nanocluster-based chemiresistors of reduced size can still be advantageous because of the possibility of achieving vapor-sensing systems of substantially reduced size, power, complexity, and cost, as well as new applications, e.g., for sensor arrays
Submicron contrast agents for the detection and localization of at risk lymph nodes

Ultrasound contrast agents can be readily administered to facilitate detection and localization of lymph nodes at risk for regional metastasis. The agent under observation is a sub-micron, gas-filled, double-walled microsphere that ruptures when exposed to ultrasound energy at megaHertz frequencies. Optically, we observe expansion of these microbubbles over an order of magnitude in radius. These results are supported with simulations from a modified Rayleigh-Plesset model.
Some physical and chemical characteristics of an arctic beaded stream

Imnavait Creek is a tundra stream in the Arctic Foothills of Alaska. The stream is beaded, i.e. consists of pools (up to ∼ 2 m deep) connected by narrow channels. Peat dominates pool and channel substrate materials with occasional rock and moss substrates. The watershed is underlain by ice-bonded till and is hydrologically watertight. Because of low rates of weathering, bedrock and till do not contribute significantly to ionic composition of the stream water. Breakup occurs in late May to early June with surface flow until September. During periods of low rainfall, channel flow is reduced and pools become hydrologically isolated and thermally stratified (with very high surface water temperatures). Streamwater is acidic (pH values 5.3–6.1) with very low alkalinity (≤3 mg l−1). The major transport of ions occurs in early flow derived from snow melt. Organic carbon concentrations are high with very high ratios of dissolved to particulate organic carbon. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations appear to be very low. High concentrations of dissolved organic material may indicate a central role for DOM in trophic dynamics.
Identity and Resilience Among Persons With HIV: A Rural African American Experience

In this article, the author contrasts the disruption model proposed by Becker (1997) against the life trajectories of two persons who used and sold drugs; considers the impact of engagement and discontinuation of substance use on their respective lives; and examines the process of life reorganization they put into motion after testing positive for HIV. Their departure from the world of drugs removed each from an unwanted lifestyle, facilitated the process of building resilience against the social adversity they faced in relation to their seropositivity, assisted them with securing care and services through institutional mechanisms, and generated a forum for new ideas on family continuity versus the ideal of individualism that grounds mainstream society. A process of identity reaffirmation further deepened their understanding of themselves as African Americans in the southern United States.
Human Races: A Genetic and Evolutionary Perspective

Race is generally used as a synonym for subspecies, which traditionally is a geographically circumscribed, genetically differentiated population. Sometimes traits show independent patterns of geographical variation such that some combination will distinguish most populations from all others. To avoid making "race" the equivalent of a local population, minimal thresholds of differentiation are imposed. Human "races" are below the thresholds used in other species, so valid traditional subspecies do not exist in humans. A "subspecies" can also be defined as a distinct evolutionary lineage within a species. Genetic surveys and the analyses of DNA haplotype trees show that human "races" are not distinct lineages, and that this is not due to recent admixture; human "races" are not and never were "pure." Instead, human evolution has been and is characterized by many locally differentiated populations coexisting at any given time, but with sufficient genetic contact to make all of humanity a single lineage sharing a common evolutionary fate.
The vestibulospinal free fall response: a test of descending function in spinal-injured cats.

A major problem in spinal cord injury research is quantification of motor function in animals. Most investigators in the field currently use neurologic scoring systems, relying on subjective observations of complex behaviours and assigning scores based on arbitrary criteria. These scoring scales are prone to observer bias and are nonspecific. We describe here a simple, reproducible, noninvasive, and objective test of a limited aspect of spinal motor function in cats, based on a well-known involuntary response of animals to sudden free fall. Free fall responses, or FFRs, have been studied in many species, including man, and are thought to be carried in ventral and lateral column pathways, i.e., vestibulospinal, reticulospinal, and rubrospinal tracts. We recorded the FFRs from hind and forelimb muscles of 100 cats before and after thoracic spinal cord injury. Hindlimb FFRs were shown to have three quantifiable components: a fast synchronous activation (E1) followed by a short silent period during which spinal segmental reflexes are inhibited (I1) and a late desynchronized excitatory burst (E2). Thoracic spinal injury produced hindlimb FFR losses ranging from greatly reduced amplitude to complete absence of response. Residual FFRs correlated with the extent of ventral column preservation and locomotory ability. Individual FFR components can be preserved. For example, some injured cats exhibited only 11 responses. Our work suggests that FFRs are a reliable and sensitive test of motor recovery in spinal cord injury.
Role of the Cerebellar Flocculus Region in Cancellation of the VOR During Passive Whole Body Rotation

A series of studies were carried out to investigate the role of the cerebellar flocculus and ventral paraflocculus in the ability to voluntarily cancel the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR). Squirrel mo...
On the Accentuation of Vedic -ti-Abstracts: Evidence for Accentual Change

This paper offers a new explanation for the barytone and oxytone accents attested for the Vedic - ti -stems. The two accents are commonly taken to derive from separate reflexes of a once unified proterokinetic paradigm, and it is against this account I will propose the divergence is instead chronological: oxytones belong to the oldest layer of the Vedas, barytones to the younger. The diachronic change we observe occurs within the Vedic period, and is localized to the accentual properties associated with the suffix - ti -. Our philological analysis of the - ti -stems across Vedic texts will support the “compositional approach” championed recently by Kiparsky (2010) and Kummel (2014) against previous approaches. Finally, I will suggest answers to the question of how the accentual properties of - ti - changed based on recent research into the lexical phonology of accent systems.
Thermal Annealing of Polymer Nanocomposites via Photothermal Heating: Effects on Crystallinity and Spherulite Morphology

Metal nanoparticles embedded within polymeric systems can act as localized heat sources, facilitating in situ polymer processing. When irradiated with light resonant with the nanoparticle’s surface plasmon resonance (SPR), a nonequilibrium electron distribution is generated which rapidly transfers energy into the surrounding medium, resulting in a temperature increase in the immediate region around the particle. This work compares the utility of such photothermal heating versus traditional heating in gold nanoparticle/poly(ethylene oxide) nanocomposite films, crystallized from solution and the melt, which are annealed at average sample temperatures above the glass transition and below the melting point. For all temperatures, photothermally annealed samples reached maximum crystallinity and maximum spherulite size faster. Percentage crystallinity change under conventional annealing was analyzed using time–temperature superposition (TTS). Comparison of the TTS data with results from photothermal experiments...
Judicialization Without Tenure: Principal and Regime Complexes in Investment Arbitration

This article addresses the necessary and sufficient conditions of judicialization through a least likely case study: investment arbitration. Here, arbitrators are hired on a case-by-case basis. As a consequence, theory would predict they would develop little to no autonomy from states. Despite this, arbitrators display as much or more independence as adjudicators in other international courts. I develop two hypotheses to explain arbitrator autonomy, which I evaluate against rival explanations from the agency and trusteeship literatures: a "principal complex" limits states' influence over arbitral agents; and a "regime complex" limits states' influence over arbitral trustees. I introduce several new qualitative concepts, including "asymmetric legal fungibility", "forced loyalty", and "discursive impotence". The article is based on original interviews with arbitrators from over 90 percent of all 260 known cases that have been finalized over the lifespan of investment treaty arbitration (1990-present). I triangulate interviewees' perspectives with original datasets on quantitative case outcomes for the 260 cases, and digitized award texts. I conclude that tenure is not a necessary condition for judicialization, as it can be substituted for by other features.
Mechanisms of Establishment and Maintenance of Normal Maternal Immune Tolerance to the Fetus

The fetus is semiallogeneic in relation to the maternal immune system yet is tolerated during normal pregnancy. This paradox was recognized as a result of transplantation research done by Sir P. Medawar about 60 years ago. Today, we know that the fetus employs many mechanisms to not only evade rejection by the maternal immune system but also indeed promote maternal immune cells in the aid of placentation and normal development. These mechanisms include expression of immunosuppressive molecules and growth factors by the placenta, production of anti-inflammatory mediators by maternal immune cells, and redirection of maternal immune cell function by regulatory T cells. In the event that immune tolerance to the fetus fails, ‘rejection’ of the fetus may result in pregnancy loss: the best documented incidence of this is when maternal alloimmunization against fetal red blood cell antigens occurs, in which maternal anti-fetal antibodies can cause dire consequences to fetal health.
CHAPTER 26 – Antiangiogenic Gene Therapy

This chapter reviews the results of preclinical antiangiogenic gene therapy investigations and discusses potential clinical applications of this treatment strategy. The discovery that tumors require angiogenesis for growth has spurred substantial investigation into the possibility of inhibiting angiogenesis as a novel treatment strategy for patients with cancer. The existence of endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis has led to intensive research efforts to identify these agents and to generate them recombinantly for testing as potential anticancer therapeutics. These agents include antiangiogenic proteolytic fragments, immunomodulatory cytokines with antiangiogenic properties, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and other molecules. A number of potential advantages to the use of antiangiogenic agents in the treatment of cancer have been described. Side effects associated with the systemic administration of these endogenous antiangiogenic agents have not been reported. Furthermore, a wide variety of solid tumors may be sensitive to these agents, as the target of therapy is the tumor neovasculature rather than the tumor cells themselves. Finally, tumors do not appear to develop traditional resistance to the effects of antiangiogenic agents, probably because of the low mutagenic potential of endothelial cells.
Tactical Social Network Analysis: Using Affiliation Networks to Aid Serial Homicide Investigation:

Integrating crime pattern theory with tenets of social network theory, we argue that linking people who frequent the same places reveals intersecting behavioral patterns illustrative of case connectivity. Using the Green River serial murder investigation as a case study, we demonstrate that structural statistics may be useful in focusing investigative efforts. Significant shifts in the centrality of suspects emerge when we track the evolution of this case at 6-month increments, suggesting that the initial working case hypothesis misled investigators. Continued exploration into the utility of social network analysis (SNA) for tactical purposes will help advance applied criminology.
Exploring the structure and meaning of public service motivation in the Turkish public sector: a test of the mediating effects of job characteristics

ABSTRACTUsing a data set consisting of 315 middle-managers at the district level in the Turkish public sector, we develop a structural equation model (SEM) for assessing the impact of empowerment and stewardship on public service motivation (PSM) through job characteristics. The results demonstrate that stewardship and empowerment are distinct ‘levers’ that managers can use in novel ways to influence PSM; and cultural context may factor into the manipulation of these levers. We find that job-based mediators may not compliment leadership styles and self-generating rewards, but, rather work separately in their appeal to PSM.
The archaeology of maroon societies in the Americas: Resistance, cultural continuity, and transformation in the African Diaspora

Archaeology has been initiated in Maroon sites in various parts of the African Diaspora in the Americas. Data from Jamaica, the Dominican Republic, Brazil, Florida, and North Carolina were surveyed in order to examine the directions that studies of Maroon societies have taken. An assessment is in order so that future studies can be planned with cognizance of the problems and possibilities that current research has uncovered. Approaches, theories, and archaeological evidence are analyzed and critiqued, and placed within the context of African Diaspora archaeology. The archaeology of Maroon sites is a rich and virtually untapped area of study. The archaeological study of Maroon sites will advance our knowledge of Africans in the Americas by fostering new perspectives on traditional concepts such as ethnicity, resistance, cultural contact, and culture continuity and change.
In-Class Versus At-Home Quizzes: Which is Better? A Flipped Learning Study in a Two-Site Synchronously Broadcast Organic Chemistry Course

We recently shared our design of a two-semester flipped organic chemistry course in which we gave students in-class quizzes to incentivize attendance and watching the lecture videos in advance. With a second iteration, we planned to make the video-watching experience more engaging. We accordingly hypothesized that if students completed short at-home quizzes while watching the videos, then attentiveness, engagement, and learning would increase. We tested this with a later section of the course, dividing the material into 13 units. For units 1–6, we gave in-class quizzes; for 7–13, quizzes were at home. Although units 1–6 and 7–13 covered different material, we were nonetheless surprised when students’ average quiz scores decreased for the take-home quizzes because they did not have a time limit and were open-book, unlike the in-class quizzes. Anonymous survey feedback showed a strong preference for quizzes in class and indications that take-home quizzes demotivated attendance and preclass watching of the v...
No weapons in the weapons lab

I spent 12 years working at a top-secret nuclear-weapons lab that had its own dedicated force of heavily armed security guards. Of course, security-related incidents were rare, so the guards' main challenge was simply staying awake.
Proceedings of the 10th ACM conference on SIG-information technology education

With great pleasure, we welcome you to the 10th ACM SIG-Information Technology Education Conference -- SIGITE 2009. This year's conference took on a broadened focus from previous years, calling for papers in a wide variety of areas. Papers were aimed at a practical focus, theory, and research. The areas of submission started with the pillars of IT: Networking, Programming, HCI, Web Systems, Information Management, and Systems Integration. In addition, other areas of submission were: the Capstone Experience, Online IT Education, IT Graduate Education, IT Program Development and Management, Novel Research and Scholarship in IT, Community Outreach through Service Learning, Academic and Industry Collaboration, Global IT, Assessment and Evaluation, and Accreditation. The call for papers attracted numerous full-paper submissions from a multitude of countries. The program committee accepted 39 papers, 3 posters, 2 panels, 2 birds-of-a-feather sessions, one special session, and a workshop. The panels focus on using threads technology in teaching and innovative communications in a pedagogic situation. The special session centers on scholarship in IT and the workshop on using digital logic as a teaching aid in topics such as discrete mathematics.
Exploring deformable particles in vascular-targeted drug delivery: Softer is only sometimes better

The ability of vascular-targeted drug carriers (VTCs) to localize and bind to a targeted, diseased endothelium determines their overall clinical utility. Here, we investigate how particle modulus and size determine adhesion of VTCs to the vascular wall under physiological blood flow conditions. In general, deformable microparticles (MPs) outperformed nanoparticles (NPs) in all experimental conditions tested. Our results indicate that MP modulus enhances particle adhesion in a shear-dependent manner. In low shear human blood flow profiles in vitro, low modulus particles showed favorable adhesion, while at high shear, rigid particles showed superior adhesion. This was confirmed in vivo by studying particle adhesion under venous shear profiles in a mouse model of mesenteric inflammation, where MP adhesion was 127% greater (p < 0.0001) for low modulus particles compared to more rigid ones. Mechanistically, we establish that particle collisions with leukocytes drive these trends, rather than differences in particle deformation, localization, or detachment. Overall, this work demonstrates the importance of VTC modulus as a design parameter for enhanced VTC interaction with vascular walls, and thus, contributes important knowledge for development of successful clinical theranostics with applications for many diseases.
Teaching Video Neuro Images: Maneuvers to elicit opsoclonus in opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome

A 34-year-old woman presented with vertigo, jerky movements, and imbalance over 2 weeks. Examination demonstrated multiplanar back-to-back saccadic oscillations without an intersaccadic interval (video 1 at [Neurology.org][1]), myoclonus, and ataxia (video 2). MRI of the brain and malignancy screen were unremarkable. Positive serum onconeuronal antibodies (anti-Yo and anti-Ri) supported the diagnosis of paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. [1]: http://neurology.org/lookup/doi/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003851
Policy Analytics Tool to Identify Gaps in Environmental Governance

Persistent and emerging social and environmental issues require new approaches and tools to help develop policies that address the complexities inherent in these problems. Here a policy informatics tool, developed iteratively with the feedback of ocean and coastal domain experts, is presented. The tool relies on two user inputs: a conceptually modelled ecosystem and a compilation of policy documents that covers a given jurisdiction of interest. With these inputs the user can explore what ecosystem components and linkages are potentially acknowledged in policy and which are not. The linkage acknowledgement is based on a co-occurrence of key terms. When viewing highly complex ecosystems (or other systems), the tool offers an efficient way to systematically identify potential gaps in policy and where relevant policies do exist that could be leveraged to cover emerging environmental issues. While the tool is simple in its design, the development with the potential user-community (policy makers, government staff, and ecosystem scientists) demonstrates the usefulness even in such a modest form and the desire for creative, but transparent and accessible, policy analytic tools.
A review of the lichen genus Phlyctis in North America (Phlyctidaceae) including the description of a new widespread saxicolous species from eastern North America

A review of the crustose lichen genus Phlyctis in North America is presented derived from large-scale studies of chemical, morphological, and molecular data (ITS and mtSSU). Five species are recognized based on a combination of morphological and chemical characters, namely P. agelaea, P. argena, P. boliviensis, P. speirea and the newly described P. petraea. Analyses of molecular data supported the recognition of P. boliviensis and P. petraea but recovered P. agelaea, P. argena or P. speirea in a single clade with little internal phylogenetic structure, suggesting their circumscription based on reproductive mode and thallus morphology requires further study. An account is provided that includes an identification key, discussion of each species, distribution maps and illustrations of morphology. Phlyctis petraea, provisionally named more than a decade ago, is described as new to science. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS and mtSSU sequence data both confirm the placement of P. petraea in Phlyctis and demonstrate two known chemotypes (one with norstictic acid and one with norstictic and stictic acids) are not reciprocally monophyletic and should be treated as variants of a single species. Psathyrophlyctis, described as a member of the Phlyctidaceae, is discussed and treated as a member of the Lecanorales incertae sedis.