cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Translating partnerships: How faculty-student collaboration in explorations of teaching and learning can transform perceptions, terms, and selves

Linguistic, literary, and feminist studies define translation as a process of rendering a new version of an original with attention to context, power, and purpose. Processes of translation in the context of student-faculty co-inquiry in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning offer examples of how this re-rendering can play out in the realm of academic development. In this article, translation serves as a conceptual framework that allows us to bring a fresh interpretation to the collaborative work of participants in a student-faculty pedagogical partnership program based at two colleges in the mid-Atlantic United States. We argue that faculty members and student consultants who participate in this program engage in processes of translation that lead to transformed perceptions of classroom engagement, transformed terms for naming pedagogical practices, and, more metaphorically, transformed selves. Drawing on data from an ongoing action research study of this program and on articles and essays we and other participants in the program have published, we use a form of narrative analysis as it intersects with the conceptual framework offered by translation to illustrate how, through their collaboration, faculty and students engage in never-finished processes of change that enable mental perceptions, linguistic terms, and human selves to be newly comprehended, communicated, and expressed. We touch upon what is lost in translation as well and the necessity of ongoing efforts to make meaning through collaborative explorations, analyses, and re-renderings. Finally, we provide examples of how the changes participants experience and effect endure beyond the time of partnership and in other realms of their lives.
An investigation of oxidation effects on hysteresis heating of nickel particles

The oxidation kinetics of nickel particles with approximate diameters of 79 nm, 0.7 micron, and 3 micron, at temperatures between 250°C and 350°C in air were investigated. Thermogravimetric measurements indicated a diffusion-controlled mechanism for the oxidation of spherical metal particles. Deviation of the oxidation kinetic rate from the diffusion-limited model was found in the case of Ni 3 micron and Ni 79 nm. The oxidation rate constant is governed by an Arrhenius equation as expected. Apparent activation energies are approximately 1.55 eV, 1.32 eV and 1.12 eV for Ni 79 nm, Ni 0.7 μm and Ni 3 μm, respectively. The exponential factor is found to be a function of particle size. Oxidation maps were constructed to relate the degree of oxidation to time and temperature. The oxide formed on the surface of the particles significantly modified the magnetic properties of the nickel particles by changing both the magnetization and the coercivity. The measured properties of oxidized particles were used to construct magnetic property maps to help determine appropriate processing conditions and predict oxidation effects on hysteresis heating performance.
Algebraic Aspects of the Paving and Feichtinger Conjectures

The Paving Conjecture in operator theory and the Feichtinger Conjecture in frame theory are both problems that are equivalent to the Kadison-Singer problem concerning extensions of pure states. In all three problems, one of the difficulties is that the natural multiplicative structure appears to be incompatible — the unique extension problem of Kadison-Singer is compatible with a linear subspace, but not a subalgebra; likewise, the pavable operators is known to be a linear subspace but not a subalgebra; the Feichtinger Conjecture does not even have a linear structure. The Paving Conjecture and the Feichtinger Conjecture both have special cases in terms of exponentials in L2[0, 1]. We introduce convolution as a multiplication to demonstrate a possible attack for these special cases.
Alkenone unsaturation during virus infection of Emiliania huxleyi

Abstract Alkenones are found in diverse prymnesiophytes including Emiliania huxleyi , which ranges throughout the world ocean. The number of double bonds in alkenones corresponds with growth temperature, and calibrations between sea surface temperature and alkenone unsaturation have been used to establish alkenone unsaturation as a temperature proxy in ancient sediments. Here we report virus infection causes a relative increase in the proportion of diunsaturated alkenones in E. huxleyi strain CCMP 374. As virus infection routinely terminates E. huxleyi blooms in the ocean, it is possible that this contributes to the variance in alkenone-based temperature estimates for core-top sediments.
The Role of Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections

The exact role of IV contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) has not yet been established. We aimed to explore the role of CT in patients with clinical suspicion of NSTI and assess its sensitivity and specificity for NSTI. The medical records of patients admitted between 2009 and 2016, who received IV contrast-enhanced CT to rule out NSTI, were reviewed. CT was considered positive in case of: (a) gas in soft tissues, (b) multiple fluid collections, (c) absence or heterogeneity of tissue enhancement by the IV contrast, and (d) significant inflammatory changes under the fascia. NSTI was confirmed only by the presence of necrotic tissue during surgical exploration. NSTI was considered absent if surgical exploration failed to identify necrosis, or if the patient was successfully treated non-operatively. Of the 184 patients, 17 had a positive CT and hence underwent surgical exploration with NSTI being confirmed in 13 of them (76%). Of the 167 patients that had a negative CT, 38 (23%) underwent surgical exploration due to the high clinical suspicion for NSTI and were all found to have non-necrotizing infections; the remaining 129 (77%) were managed non-operatively with successful resolution of symptoms. The sensitivity of CT in identifying NSTI was 100%, the specificity 98%, the positive predictive value 76%, and the negative predictive value 100%. A negative IV contrast-enhanced CT scan can reliably rule out the need for surgical intervention in patients with initial suspicion of NSTI.
Abstract 2940: TH17: mediators of metastatic growth acceleration after surgery

Surgery is known to accelerate the growth and progression of metastases in patients undergoing oncological resections with 50-60% patients having recurrent metastasis after resection making it a major reason for treatment failure. This impedes the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy and overall prognosis of the patient. Studies have proved that inflammatory cascade initiated by surgery that increases metastatic growth and progression is mediated through a specific mechanism of neutrophil cell death called Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). We investigated the mechanism of how NET formation after surgical stress increases metastatic growth by influencing a pro-tumor microenvironment in order to specifically identify targets for perioperative therapy to keep metastases dormant and improve the effect of chemotherapy and overall prognosis. 12 week old male C57BL/6J mice (WT) and mice in which NET formation was inhibited, ie, WT mice injected with DNAse and global homozygous knockout of peptidyl arginine deaminase 4 (PAD4), an essential nuclear protein for NET formation, underwent splenic injection of 100,000 cells of the murine colorectal cancer cell line, MC-38, followed with either 70% hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) for 60 minutes after 7 days or no IR. Livers were harvested at multiple time points and assessed for changes in both innate and adaptive immune cell populations by flow cytometry. On gross examination, the livers of the NET deficient mice had fewer tumors as compared to the WT mice. Mice, which underwent IR after tumor cell injection in both groups showed an increase in nodules formation versus those with just tumor cell injection, however were still more in WT than NET deficient mice. Flow cytometry revealed a decrease in both T H 17 (0.36% of T cells in no IR mice vs 0.0036% in IR mice) and CD8 cells (71% of T cells in no IR mice vs 34.8% in IR mice) in mice subjected to IR versus those with only tumor injection. We found that increased tumors after surgical stress, which were mediated by NET formation, were caused due to a decrease in anti-tumor activity of CD8 cells regulated via T H 17 cells. If controlled in the perioperative period, it may reduce acceleration in metastatic foci and improve the overall prognosis. We are further investigating the mechanism of NETs influencing the tumor immune environment. Citation Format: Vikas Sud, Samer Tohme, Dirk J. van der Windt, Hai Huang, Allan Tsung. T H 17: mediators of metastatic growth acceleration after surgery [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2940. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2940
Stereotypes, theory of mind, and the action–prediction hierarchy

Both mindreading and stereotyping are forms of social cognition that play a pervasive role in our everyday lives, yet too little attention has been paid to the question of how these two processes are related. This paper offers a theory of the influence of stereotyping on mental-state attribution that draws on hierarchical predictive coding accounts of action prediction. It is argued that the key to understanding the relation between stereotyping and mindreading lies in the fact that stereotypes centrally involve character-trait attributions, which play a systematic role in the action–prediction hierarchy. On this view, when we apply a stereotype to an individual, we rapidly attribute to her a cluster of generic character traits on the basis of her perceived social group membership. These traits are then used to make inferences about that individual’s likely beliefs and desires, which in turn inform inferences about her behavior.
Flexibility of DNA/PNA, DNA/LNA, DNA/RNA hybrids measured with a nanoscale transducer

We report a new application for a previously introduced enzyme-DNA supramolecular construct, as a method to assess bending stiffness of short (~10 nm long) synthetic nucleic acids. We obtain the first measurements of bending elasticity for DNA/PNA and DNA/LNA hybrids, and also assess the DNA/RNA hybrid. In order of increasing bending stiffness, we find: DNA/RNA, DNA/DNA, DNA/LNA, DNA/PNA. The experiments also probe the nonlinear elasticity regime of the coupled enzyme-nucleic acid molecules. We find the measurements consistent with the existence of a softening transition in the mechanics of the enzyme. This previously proposed nonlinearity maybe a general property of the folded state of proteins.
Natural Ventilation around and through Building: A Numerical Study

Limiting heat losses during ventilation of indoor building spaces has become a basic aim for architects. Much experience has been gained in terms of ventilation of indoor spaces. Nevertheless, due to the complex applications, attempts to create a theoretical base for solving the problems related to the issue are limited, especially determining the minimum ventilation period required within a designated space. In this paper, we have approached this matter, both theoretically and computationally. The conclusion we reached was that controlled ventilation of spaces through vent holes that successively open and close at regular time intervals can limit the excessive circulation of air masses, which in turn limits heat losses.
Social Networking and Mental Health

From Facebook to Twitter, social networking has become an integral part of the way many Americans communicate. In this chapter, we review the development and current uses of social networking and its impact on mental health care. Though relatively new, there is a growing evidence base for the effectiveness and utilization of social networking in mental health care. Taking this increasing popularity into account, we consider ethical and legal dilemmas as well as practical guidelines for mental health clinicians interested in developing a social networking site to support their professional practice. Finally, we discuss ethical implications for clinicians to consider in the use of personal social networking sites.
From “It Easy” to “It is Easy”

(1990). From “It Easy” to “It is Easy”. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 63, Cultural Diversity, pp. 314-317.
Energy Yield Analysis of Multiterminal Si-Based Tandem Solar Cells

We present a model for a yield analysis of tandem devices consisting of Si bottom cells with III-V top cells. It accounts for the spectral properties of the subcells as well as their reduced operating temperature due to increased efficiency and luminescent coupling. Inputs are the experimental I–V and QE data of the subcells (e.g., available from laboratory prototypes) and the irradiance-dependent module temperature of the bottom cell. We apply the model to compare two types of tandem cells, GaInP and GaAs top cells on Si bottom cells. The impact of the temperature model, compared to a constant temperature, shows a relative change in energy yield of up to 2.7%rel. Including luminescent coupling for GaAs/Si devices with two terminals, increases the energy yield by 34.0%rel. This is still 34.2%rel less energy yielded than for GaInP/Si two-terminal devices. The performance of the GaInP/Si devices can be improved by 5.8%rel using three-terminal devices with back-contacted bottom cells instead of a two-terminal configuration under the assumption of a cell string with voltage matching of one top cell with two bottom cells. For GaInP/Si, the three-terminal device performs similarly to the four-terminal device, enabling the integration of monolithic tandem cells into modules at comparably high efficiencies.
Arterial Circulation and the Heart

In hemodynamic terms, the function of the heart is to provide energy and to perfuse the organ vascular beds. For the heart to accomplish this efficiently, the arterial system plays a central role as the distributing conduits. Both the distributing arteries and the peripheral vascular beds present the load to the heart. Peripheral resistance has been popularly viewed in the clinical setting as the vascular load to the heart. This applies mostly to steady-flow conditions. This description is naturally inadequate, because of the pulsatile nature of blood flow, which remains throughout the microcirculation. Pulsatility implies that there is an oscillatory or pulsatile contribution to the vascular load to the heart.
Late Gadolinium Enhancement and Extracellular Volume Fraction Between Sarcomeric Mutation Positive and Negative Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Introduction Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disorder with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and variable expression and penetrance. Traditional genetic testing has a yield of approximately 60%, due in part to a lack of identified causal genes. Patients with an identified sarcomeric mutation have worse outcomes with a higher incidence of sudden cardiac death though the underlying mechanism behind this is incompletely understood. Cardiac MRI has emerged as a modality to detect fibrosis, and HCM patients with focal/replacement fibrosis measured by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) have a higher incidence of malignant ventricular arrhythmias and may develop systolic heart failure. Few studies exist investigating patterns of LGE between gene mutation positive (G+) and gene mutation negative HCM patients (G−). And to date, no study has compared diffuse fibrosis measured by extracellular volume (ECV) between these two groups in HCM. Hypothesis HCM patients with an identified gene mutation will have more focal/replacement fibrosis (measured by LGE) and diffuse fibrosis (measured by ECV) than HCM patients without an identified mutation. Methods and Results A total of 336 patients with a diagnosis of HCM underwent a cardiac MRI at our institution between 4/2012 and 2/2017. Genetic testing was performed on 73 (mean age 49.6, 66% male) of these patients (29 G+, 39 G−, 5 variant of unknown significance or VUS). LGE was more commonly seen in G+ compared to G− patients (86 vs. 56%, OR 4.3, p = 0.01) and LGE measured as percentage of LV mass was significantly higher in G+ patients (7.5 ± 5.5 vs. 3.0 ± 3.0%, p Figure 1 ]. ECV from myocardial segments excluding LGE was similar among all groups (26.9 ± 2.9, 25.6 ± 3.0, and 25.9 ± 1.2%, p = 0.28) for G+, G-, and VUS cases respectively [ Figure 2 ]. Conclusion Genotyped HCM patients with an identified sarcomeric mutation have more focal/replacement fibrosis, but not diffuse fibrosis measured by ECV when compared to HCM patients without an identified mutation.
Behavioral and physiological measures of auditory processing in individuals with autism spectrum disorder

Sensory processing abnormalities are a hallmark of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the auditory domain, hyper- and hypo-sensitivity to sound, reduced orientation to speech, and difficulty listening in noise are commonly reported. However, the etiology of these auditory processing abnormalities is poorly understood. In this preliminary study, multi-talker speech perception thresholds, otoacoustic emissions, electrophysiological responses, as well as standardized measures of cognition, language, and adaptive function were measured in each individual subject with ASD and their age-matched controls. Speech perception was assessed by estimating target-to-masker ratios at 50% correct for speech targets (0° azimuth) presented with two spatially separated (±45° azimuth) simultaneous speech maskers. The electrophysiological battery used to characterize the transmission and representation of sound included: (1) a click-evoked supra-threshold auditory brainstem response, (2) an envelope following response recorded to a 400-ms-long 4 kHz pure tone carrier amplitude modulated at 100 Hz at two modulations depths (0 and -6 dB) and (3) a binaural potential evoked by an interaural phase difference embedded in an amplitude-modulated carrier tone. Together, these measures provide a behavioral and physiological assay of auditory function and show the potential to further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying auditory abnormalities in individuals with ASD.
Red blood cell exchange in treatment of severe cerebral P. falciparum malaria: A case report.

INTRODUCTION Red blood cells exchange transfusion has been demonstrated to be helpful in treatment of sever P. falciparum malaria. However, no large scale randomized controlled trials have been completed to date and the CDC does not recommend RBC exchange transfusions as standard of care. We present a case of severe cerebral malaria in a patient with extremely high parasitemia and severe altered mental status who improved rapidly with automated RBC exchange. REPORT Seventy-two year old female presented with 1 day history of weakness, altered mental status, malaise, and cyclic sweats after returning from a trip to Sierra Leone. Thick and Thin Smears demonstrated P. falciparum rings present and Quantitative malaria screen demonstrated 53.33% parasitemia. Patient was started on quinidine and doxycycline but continued to deteriorate. Automated RBC exchange transfusion was performed within 24 hours of admission and resulted in rapid improvement in symptomology. Repeat thick and thin smears revealed undetectable parasite load. CONCLUSION Automated RBC exchange may improve outcomes in severe P. falciparum malaria when presenting parasite loads are very high.
The impact of environmental ultraviolet exposure on the clinical course of mycosis fungoides

Background As phototherapy plays an important role in the treatment of early-stage mycosis fungoides (MF), it is possible that environmental ultraviolet (UV) exposure affects the natural history of the disease. Objective To assess the impact of environmental UV exposure on the clinical course of MF. Methods The National Solar Radiation Database was used to identify the top and bottom registries for UV exposure from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–18 database. Incidence and survival were determined. Results The high-UV cohort had a 30% lower risk of developing MF than did the low-UV cohort (hazard ratio, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-1.41; P Limitations Retrospective design, use of the National Solar Radiation Database as a surrogate for individual sunlight exposure. Conclusion It is possible that environmental solar UV exposure may play a role in controlling early-stage MF among patients with photosensitive features.
Acute hypoxic respiratory failure secondary to antisynthetase syndrome: A case report and review of literature.

Abstract Objective Antisynthetase syndrome is a condition that includes interstitial lung disease and inflammatory myositis in its definition. The interstitial lung disease of this syndrome can vary in severity and if not identified soon enough, can lead to severe respiratory failure. Here we present a patient who had a working diagnosis of acute eosinophilic pneumonia. He initially improved after prolonged hospitalization and course of high dose steroids. CT chest revealed interval improvement in his bilateral ground glass and reticular opacities but residual fibrotic interstitial lung disease. However, he decompensated subsequently with relapsed hypoxia during activity. We hope that this review will bring awareness to antisynthetase syndrome and provide tools for earlier diagnosis and treatment. The primary objective of this study was to review presenting symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes. This review is unique because we focused on antisynthetase syndrome that initially manifested with lung symptoms rather than myositis or skin changes. Methods We have performed a comprehensive review of 30 cases of antisynthetase syndrome in the literature (including our case). Results Total 30 cases reported, 17 male patients and 13 female patients. Only 43% of the cases presented with lung symptoms alone, while 57% of the cases presented with lung and muscle symptoms simultaneously. Conclusion This supports the fact that antisynthetase syndrome most commonly presents with lung and muscle manifestations simultaneously. The fact that our case presented with lung findings alone led to the delay in his diagnosis.
Solid Parahydrogen Thickness Revisited

We report updated infrared (IR) absorption measurements on vapor-deposited cryogenic parahydrogen (pH2) solids that indicate a ≈10% systematic error in our previous approach for determining a pH2 s...
Growth Mindset Predicts Student Achievement and Behavior in Mobile Learning

Students' personal qualities other than cognitive ability are known to influence persistence and achievement in formal learning environments, but the extent of their influence in digital learning environments is unclear. This research investigates non-cognitive factors in mobile learning in a resource-poor context. We surveyed 1,000 Kenyan high school students who use a popular SMS-based learning platform that provides formative assessments aligned with the national curriculum. Combining survey responses with platform interaction logs, we find growth mindset to be one of the strongest predictors of assessment scores. We investigate theory-based behavioral mechanisms to explain this relationship. Although students who hold a growth mindset are not more likely to persist after facing adversity, they spend more time on each assessment, increasing their likelihood of answering correctly. Results suggest that cultivating a growth mindset can motivate students in a resource-poor context to excel in a mobile learning environment.
Weak Chemical Interactions That Drive Protein Evolution: Crowding, Sticking, and Quinary Structure in Folding and Function

In recent years, better instrumentation and greater computing power have enabled the imaging of elusive biomolecule dynamics in cells, driving many advances in understanding the chemical organization of biological systems. The focus of this Review is on interactions in the cell that affect both biomolecular stability and function and modulate them. The same protein or nucleic acid can behave differently depending on the time in the cell cycle, the location in a specific compartment, or the stresses acting on the cell. We describe in detail the crowding, sticking, and quinary structure in the cell and the current methods to quantify them both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we discuss protein evolution in the cell in light of current biophysical evidence. We describe the factors that drive protein evolution and shape protein interaction networks. These interactions can significantly affect the free energy, ΔG, of marginally stable and low-population proteins and, due to epistasis, direct the evolutionary pathways in an organism. We finally conclude by providing an outlook on experiments to come and the possibility of collaborative evolutionary biology and biophysical efforts.
The Hilbert Schmidt inner product: quantum illumination and beyond

Quantum Illumination (QI)1 is a proposed remote targeting protocol using entangled states in which the experimenter sends a signal towards an expected target in a noisy environment that has a probability of reflecting off the surface or, in the case of no surface, being lost. Upon return, the noisy signal is jointly measured with the idler, which has been held in local memory, to determine if the surface has been detected. The idler effectively increases the brightness of the noisy signal to help distinguish it from the surrounding noise. Even though the returned mixed state is in the un-entangled regime, it has been shown that QI outperforms a conventional protocol that only sends separable states as the signal. We analyzed QI as a quantum channel discrimination protocol and circumvented computational issues that rely on diagonalization of the quantum states by using the normalized Hilbert-Schmidt (NH-S) inner product as a measure of state distinguishability.2 Because the NH-S inner product is simple to compute, for a choice of entangled pure state and bipartition, we were able to rank the performance of QI entirely in terms of the dimension of the composite Hilbert space and the purity of the idler subsystem. We also showed that the greatest advantage gained by quantum illumination over conventional illumination occurs when one uses a Bell state, and for a fixed dimension d, the optimal performance of QI is achieved when the purity of the idler subsystem is minimal. In this talk, we review the results of,2 and present our progress on extending this analysis to a broader class of quantum information protocols beyond QI.
Redefining Disease Using Informatics

This chapter summarizes how theories of diseases are created, systematized and codified. Computational modeling of such theories can be used to answer personalized diagnostic, prognostic and treatment questions about individual patients. The field of Psychiatry has undergone significant evolution in how psychiatric disorders are conceptualized and classified in recent years. Modern Bayesian and Causal Integrative Frameworks hold great promise for revolutionizing understanding and treatment of mental disorders on a personalized and precision basis. We review recent progress in the field drawing from our own work in childhood PTSD, as well as broadly.
A new Nystrom approximation based efficient coherent DOA estimator for radar applications

Abstract In this work, we present a new method for the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of coherent sources using the symmetric uniform linear array (ULA) without prior source number information. The proposed method constructs a new cost function based on the joint diagonalization structure of the Toeplitz matrix. The estimation of DOAs is made by developing a new spatial spectrum via a 1-D search. Furthermore, we exploit the Nystrom method to diminish the computational complexity of the proposed method. The efficacy of the new estimator is theoretically investigated and the complexity of the computation is also addressed. To examine the efficacy of the proposed method, various experiments are conducted and comparisons with the recent methods are carried out.
Simulation Evaluation of Fast Frequency Response Capacity of New Energy Power Stations

The number of new energy power stations in China is boosting in recent years, a large number of conventional power supplies have been replaced, resulting in severe problems in controlling the frequency of power grids and easily leading to frequency issues of the state power grid. When large frequency disturbance occurs in power grid, renewable energy stations can participate in primary frequency regulation of power grid and provide support for system frequency, and the primary frequency regulation capability of the large power grid in sending end is significantly enhanced. In this study, a simulation evaluation method was proposed for the FFR controller of new energy power stations based on the RT-LAB real-time simulation analysis platform. The FFR controller was connected to in the simulation model of the state power grid via I/O physical interfaces and MODBUS communication, so as to conduct the step disturbance test, anti-disturbance performance verification test and automatic generation control (AGC) coordination test and hardware-in-the-loop simulation test of the controller. Results of the tests proved that the test method proposed in this study is accurate and reliable, and help improve the performance of a new energy power station in the state power grid.
CHIL Testbed of Consensus Control-Based Battery Energy Storage Systems

Consensus control has been proposed by our prior research to operate multiple battery energy storage systems (BESS). The objective of this paper is to validate the performance of consensus control using a controller-hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) testbed. This paper describes the system topology and the setup process of this testbed. The testbed emulates a microgrid with three parallel BESS connected to the IEEE-9 bus system. The circuit part is simulated in real-time simulator while the control systems for BESS are implemented in three FPGA-based controllers. Using this testbed, the consensus control was tested under both of grid-connected mode and autonomous mode.
Rescripting Shakespeare: The Text, the Director, and Modern Productions

1. 'Let it be hid': price tags, trade-offs, and economies 2. Rescripting Shakespeare's contemporaries 3. Adjustments and improvements 4. Inserting an intermission-interval 5. What's in an ending? Rescripting final scenes 6. Rescripting stage directions and actions 7. Compressing Henry VI 8. The tamings of the shrews: rescripting the First Folio 9. The editor as rescripter 10. Conclusion: what's not here.
The use of therapy animals with individuals with autism spectrum disorders

Publisher Summary Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) lie on a spectrum that ranges from mild to very severe. Persons with ASD are broadly recognized as having impairments in social functioning and communication, as well as displaying repetitive or stereotyped behaviors. The most functional variation of ASD is Asperger's syndrome. This chapter reveals that one of the reasons why some children and adults with ASD relate really well to animals is due to sensory-based thinking. They suggest that animals do not think in words. Both their memories and their experiences are filled with detailed sensory information. There is neurological evidence that language may cover up the sensory-based thinking which is present in all people. Many people with ASD are sensory-based thinkers. The researchers concluded that animals, specifically dogs, might make their behavioral intentions more easily understandable to persons with ASD because they do not communicate both verbally and non-verbally. They inferred that one of the major deficits in persons with ASD is their inability to combine the coordinated and parallel understanding of verbally transmitted emotion-related information and non-verbally transmitted emotion-related information. The role of AAI may be to help in this discovery and to enable persons with ASD in leading more independent and fulfilling lives.
The Iceberg of Religious Freedom: Subsurface Levels of Nonestablishment Discourse

This article discusses three levels of disagreement in establishment clause discourse - or what may be called the "lawyerly," the "constitutive" (or "culture wars"), and the "philosophical" (or perhaps the "theological") levels. Disagreement at the first of these levels is everywhere apparent in the way lawyers and justices and scholars write and argue; disagreement at the second level is somewhat less obtrusive but still easily discernible; disagreement at the third level is almost wholly beneath the surface. The manifest indeterminacy of lawyerly arguments suggests that in this area, premises are more likely to be derived from favored conclusions, not the other way around. So then what determines which conclusions - and hence which premises - lawyers and judges and scholars select? The article suggests that our conclusions are largely dictated by commitments at the second level - commitments to what we take to be the essential meaning of America. Moreover, the historical and interpretive indeterminacy associated with these commitments further suggests that (contrary to liberal wisdom which urges that public or constitutional reasoning be detached from people's various "comprehensive doctrines"), commitments at the second level are in turn influenced to a significant extent by what is believed or at least presupposed at the third level of basic philosophy or theology. Hence the comparison of our establishment clause discourse to an iceberg: what we see is the most insubstantial part, and the real mass and force are largely out of sight. The article concludes that the valuable work in the area of religious freedom - the work that has a chance to be illuminating and not merely polemical - will be work that probes those deeper connections and presuppositions.
We Reserve the Right to Refuse Service to Anyone

This essay is based on remarks at the 2008 teaching conference of the Society of American Law Teachers, on the theme Teaching for Social Change When You're Not Preaching to the Choir. It reflects on my experience as a liberal/progressive teaching constitutional law in a conservative southern state. It also explores the importance of not just training students in the skills of a junior lawyer but also preparing them for their long-term obligations as citizens and members of the bar.
Leadership and Values: Moving Beyond the Ethics Debate

Presented to the Corporate Contributions Council of the Conference Board by Judith Samuelson, Founder and Executive Director of The Aspen Institute's Business and Society Program. Delivered September 22, 2003.
Abstracting allocation : The new new thing

We introduce a Floyd-Hoare-style framework for specification and verification of machine code programs, based on relational parametricity (rather than unary predicates) and using both step-indexing and a novel form of separation structure. This yields compositional, descriptive and extensional reasoning principles for many features of low-level sequential computation: independence, ownership transfer, unstructured control flow, first-class code pointers and address arithmetic. We demonstrate how to specify a.nd verify the implementation of a simple memory manager and, independently, its clients in this style. The work has been fully machine-checked within the Coq proof assistant.
Price and Income Elasticities for Medical Care Services

This paper develops a framework for estimating demand for medical care, expanding Grossman’s ‘investment model’ in three significant ways: multiple medical inputs are allowed in production of health, reimbursement insurance is introduced (altering the net price of care) and choice of different ‘styles’ of care is allowed.
Linear Markov iterated function systems

Abstract The concept of iterated function system is generalized so that function selection is a Markov process. Attractors. balanced vector measures, and recursive moment calculations are discussed for the generalized systems. Computer-generated pictures are shown for some of the attractors.
A VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE FOR FINITE DEFORMATIONS OF QUASI-SHALLOW SHELLS

Abstract A variational principle is established for treating the finite deformation of quasi-shallow shells. The special case corresponding to Marguerre's shallow shell theory is discussed. An example of snap-through of shallow cylindrical panels clamped at one of its curved edges is analyzed by the variational principle given here.
Highly accelerated life testing for the 1210 Digital Ruggedized Display

ABSTRACT The 1210 Digital Ruggedized Display (1210 DRD) was designed and built for a harsh military environment. The1210 DRD uses a single 1280 x 1024 Digital Micromirror Device (DMDTM) as a reflective image source. Through the useof Highly Accelerated Life Testing we have verified and validated the 1210 DRD through rigorous thermal, vibration, andcombined environment testing. The results prove the DMD-based 1210 DRD to be a very rugged display that can meet andexceed the requirements of displays used in military applications.Keywords: Digital Light ProcessingTM, Digital Micromirror DeviceTM, large area display, 1210 Digital RuggedizedDisplay, 1210 DRD, HALTM, Common Large Area Display Set (CLADS). 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUNDAll branches of the U.S. Armed Forces are seeking rugged displays that can endure the unique environmental requirements of military displays. Military displays are exposed to extreme hot and cold temperatures in the normal courseof operation and storage. Vibration requirements are also extreme to meet the survivability and operational requirementsnecessary for airborne, land vehicles and naval applications. These constraints limit the options for display technologiesapplicable to the military needs.Environmental requirements drive the cost and complexity of display design. Understanding the design limits and
The early characterization of irradiation effects in stainless steels at the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II

The new Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) program is revitalizing interest in fast spectrum reactors. With this revitalization comes the need to engineer new high-performance reactors using improved materials, especially materials that can perform adequately at higher temperatures than has previously been required. The previous fast reactor development programs in the United States developed a large knowledge base and a reasonable understanding of the irradiation effects on certain classes of materials, especially stainless steels. With the need for new, high-performance materials today, this established knowledge provides advantages in alloy design.
The efficacy and cost of prophylactic and perioprocedural antibiotics in patients with external ventricular drains.

Objective Prophylactic antibiotics are routinely administered to patients with external ventricular drains (EVDs); however, no conclusive evidence supports this practice. This study compared the efficacy and cost of prophylactic and periprocedural antibiotics in patients with EVDs. Methods We reviewed the charts of 308 patients who had an EVD in place for 3 or more days between January 1996 and June 1997. Patients with EVDs placed for shunt infections or meningitis were excluded. A standard protocol was used to insert and monitor EVDs. Catheters were left in place as long as clinically indicated and changed only if they malfunctioned. Cerebrospinal fluid cultures were obtained twice weekly. Prophylactic antibiotics were used at the discretion of the attending neurosurgeon. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A comprised 209 patients who received prophylactic antibiotics for the duration of the EVD (intravenously administered cefuroxime, 1.5 g every 8 h); Group B comprised 99 patients who received only periprocedural antibiotics (intravenously administered cefuroxime, 1.5 g every 8 h, three or less doses). Results Although there were significantly more males in Group A than in Group B, the two groups were otherwise well matched, with no significant differences in age, indications, or duration of EVD placement. The overall rate of ventriculitis was 3.9%. The infection rates for Group A (3.8%) and Group B (4.0%) were almost identical. Conclusion Prophylactic antibiotics did not significantly reduce the rate of ventriculitis in patients with EVDs, and they may select for resistant organisms. Discontinuing the use of prophylactic antibiotics for EVDs at the authors' institution would save approximately $80,000 per year in direct drug costs.
Exploring the Mechanisms of the Reductase Activity of Neuroglobin by Site-Directed Mutagenesis of the Heme Distal Pocket

Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a six-coordinate globin that can catalyze the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide. Although this reaction is common to heme proteins, the molecular interactions in the heme pocket that regulate this reaction are largely unknown. We have shown that the H64L Ngb mutation increases the rate of nitrite reduction by 2000-fold compared to that of wild-type Ngb [Tiso, M., et al. (2011) J. Biol. Chem. 286, 18277–18289]. Here we explore the effect of distal heme pocket mutations on nitrite reduction. For this purpose, we have generated mutations of Ngb residues Phe28(B10), His64(E7), and Val68(E11). Our results indicate a dichotomy in the reactivity of deoxy five- and six-coordinate globins toward nitrite. In hemoglobin and myoglobin, there is a correlation between faster rates and more negative potentials. However, in Ngb, reaction rates are apparently related to the distal pocket volume, and redox potential shows a poor relationship with the rate constants. This suggests a relationship betw...
On lower bounds for constructing heaps

A heap is an elegant and important data structure for representing a priority queue, and it has been widely studied. Based on two analogous conjectures, we prove lower bounds on the worst-case time-complexity of constructing heaps, in the comparison tree and the linear decision tree models. The conjectures roughly state the following: For any positive integer k, given a set of 2 k –2 real numbers, constructing two disjoint heaps of 2k-1–1 real numbers each can be done most efficiently by splitting the given set into two subsets of equal size, and then independently constructing a heap on each subset. Based on these conjectures, we show that any comparison tree (respectively, linear decision tree) for constructing a heap must perform at least l.4922n –o(n) (respectively, 1.4681 n–o(n)) comparisons in the worst case. Our lower bound for comparison trees is slightly inferior to the previously known lower bound of 1.5n –0(lg n) comparisons; but our proof is based on the structure of comparison trees, and is m...
Can citrate therapy prevent nephrolithiasis

This prospective study was done to help determine whether or not oral citrate therapy can elevate urinary citrate levels and reduce the incidence of recurrent calcium stones in patients with hypocitraturia (urinary citrate less than 320 mg/24 hr). The treatment group (Group I) consisted of 10 patients treated with oral citrate and hydration. The control group (Group II) was treated with hydration alone. In Group I, the new stone formation rate (stones per patient year) fell from 1.17 +/- 0.26 to 0.45 +/- 0.32 (p = 0.07) and the twenty-four-hour urinary citrate excretion rose from 69 +/- 14 mg to 473 +/- 96 mg (p = 0.002). In Group II, the new stone formation rate fell from 0.9 +/- 0.25 to 0.27 +/- 0.13 (p = 0.03). The twenty-four-hour urinary citrate excretion increased, though not significantly, from 166 +/- 21 mg to 326 +/- 77 mg (p = 0.06). We conclude that oral citrate therapy can significantly increase urinary citrate levels in patients with recurrent stones associated with hypocitraturia but that oral citrate therapy and hydration were no better than hydration alone in reducing the incidence of recurrent stones.
Isolation and partial characterization of a tubulin-like protein from human and swine synaptosomal membranes.

Abstract Synaptic membranes from human and swine brains were solubilized with 8 M urea and the proteins were reduced and alkylated. A protein was isolated from both sources and had identical amino acid compositions and molecular weights as determined by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide-sodium dodecylsulfate gels and by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration on Bioglas 1000. The apparent molecular weight of the protein was 53 000 on the acrylamide-sodium dodecylsulfate gels. Neither neutral sugars nor sialic acid was a significant component of the protein. When the proteins were digested with trypsin and the resultant peptides subjected to chromatography ( n -butanol/acetic acid/water) and electrophoresis (pH 3.7) the peptide maps were identical. The protein comprises 1–2% of the total synaptosomal protein. With regard to amino acid composition, molecular weight, peptide map characteristics, behavior on DEAE-cellulose columns, electrophoretic mobility and sugar content, the synaptic protein is quite similar to the monomer of swine tubulin.
Enhanced open-circuit voltage in organic photovoltaic cells with partially chlorinated zinc phthalocyanine

The open-circuit voltage (V OC) in organic photovoltaic cells has been shown to depend on a number of parameters including the energy levels of the active materials, active layer structure, illumination intensity, and operating temperature. Here we report, a significant increase in V OC from 0.43 to 0.63 V in zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc)/C60 planar heterojunction photovoltaic cells operated at room temperature under 1 sun AM1.5G solar illumination, when a home-synthesized and purified ZnPc source materials was used instead of a commercially obtained (and home purified) ZnPc source. While the two ZnPc source materials have nearly identical UV–Vis and IR absorption properties, the home-synthesized ZnPc contains chlorinated derivatives and has half of the electrical defect density (on the order of 1016 cm−3) as compared to the commercial ZnPc. The improved V OC in devices with the home-synthesized ZnPc is contributed from both a lower dark current and a higher magnitude of photocurrent. Additional experiments revealed that the different device characteristics are mostly associated with processes occurring at the ZnPc/C60 interface, which we attribute to nongeminate recombination of charges built-up on either side of the interface.
Conversion of Glycerol to Hydrogen via a Steam Reforming Process over Nickel Catalysts

A glut of inexpensive glycerol has resulted from expanding biodiesel production around the world. This glycerol could be used as a good renewable source to produce hydrogen fuel. Hydrogen production from glycerol via a steam reforming process over Ni/CeO2, Ni/MgO, and Ni/TiO2 catalysts was studied. The catalysts were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, BET surface area analysis, metal dispersion, active surface area analysis, and hydrogen temperature programmed reduction. Ni/CeO2 had the highest surface area (67.0 m2/g) followed by Ni/TiO2 (64.9 m2/g) and Ni/MgO (50.2 m2/g). Also, Ni/CeO2 showed the highest metal dispersion (6.14%) compared to Ni/MgO (0.38%) and Ni/TiO2 (0.29%). Effects of reaction temperatures, feed flow rates (FFRs), and water/glycerol molar ratios (WGMRs) on hydrogen selectivity and glycerol conversion were analyzed. Ni/CeO2 was found to be the best performing catalyst compared to Ni/MgO and Ni/TiO2 under the experimental conditions investigated. Ni/Ce...