cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of heparin, bivalirudin, and different glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor regimens for anticoagulation during percutaneous coronary intervention: A network meta-analysis☆☆☆

Abstract Background/purpose Numerous GPIs are available for PCI. Although they were tested in randomized controlled trials, a comparison between the different GPI strategies is lacking. Thus, we performed a Bayesian network meta-analysis to compare different glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI) strategies with heparin and bivalirudin for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched by two independent reviewers for randomized controlled trials comparing high-dose bolus tirofiban, abciximab, eptifibatide, heparin with provisional glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, and bivalirudin with provisional GPI that reported clinical outcomes. Mixed treatment comparison model generation was performed to directly and indirectly compare between different anticoagulation strategies for all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, major adverse cardiovascular events, major bleeding, minor bleeding, need for transfusion, and thrombocytopenia. Results A total of 41 randomized controlled trials with 38,645 patients were included in the analysis, among which 2654 were randomized to high-dose bolus tirofiban, 6752 to abciximab, 1669 to eptifibatide, 16,500 to heparin, and 11,070 to bivalirudin. Mean age was 64±11years, 75% were male, 91% were treated with stenting, 71% with clopidogrel, and 74% for acute coronary syndrome. High-dose bolus tirofiban was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality compared with heparin (OR 0.57 [credible intervals 0.37, 0.9]) and eptifibatide (OR 0.44 [credible intervals 0.19, 1.0]). GPI regimens had less myocardial infarction and major adverse cardiovascular events but greater bleeding compared with heparin and bivalirudin. There was no difference among the GPI therapies for other outcomes, including myocardial infarction, major adverse cardiovascular events, and major bleeding. Conclusions Our network meta-analysis of 38,645 patients demonstrated that GPI regimens were associated with a reduction in recurrent myocardial infarction or major adverse cardiovascular events for PCI, while bivalirudin was associated with the lowest risk of bleeding.
Using administrative data to identify U.S. Army soldiers at high-risk of perpetrating minor violent crimes

Growing concerns exist about violent crimes perpetrated by U.S. military personnel. Although interventions exist to reduce violent crimes in high-risk populations, optimal implementation requires evidence-based targeting. The goal of the current study was to use machine learning methods (stepwise and penalized regression; random forests) to develop models to predict minor violent crime perpetration among U.S. Army soldiers. Predictors were abstracted from administrative data available for all 975,057 soldiers in the U.S. Army 2004-2009, among whom 25,966 men and 2728 women committed a first founded minor violent crime (simple assault, blackmail-extortion-intimidation, rioting, harassment). Temporally prior administrative records measuring socio-demographic, Army career, criminal justice, medical/pharmacy, and contextual variables were used to build separate male and female prediction models that were then tested in an independent 2011-2013 sample. Final model predictors included young age, low education, early career stage, prior crime involvement, and outpatient treatment for diverse emotional and substance use problems. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.79 (for men and women) in the 2004-2009 training sample and 0.74-0.82 (men-women) in the 2011-2013 test sample. 30.5-28.9% (men-women) of all administratively-recorded crimes in 2004-2009 were committed by the 5% of soldiers having highest predicted risk, with similar proportions (28.5-29.0%) when the 2004-2009 coefficients were applied to the 2011-2013 test sample. These results suggest that it may be possible to target soldiers at high-risk of violence perpetration for preventive interventions, although final decisions about such interventions would require weighing predicted effectiveness against intervention costs and competing risks.
Language-Based Hypervisors

We describe how to build a Language-Based Hypervisor (LBH) that can run untrusted applications (or modules) inside secure containers within a single language runtime instance. The LBH allows execution of untrusted code at a fine-grained level while controlling access to APIs, data, and resources. The LBH and untrusted applications are written in the same language and run together as one process on top of a single language interpreter or runtime. We use JavaScript as an example and describe how LBH can be implemented at the language level without modification to the runtime itself.
Review Article: The syllabary used by the Kickapoo in Mexico

Kickapoo who moved from the USA into northern Mexico since 1839 have written in a syllabary they identified as created by Sequoyah for the Cherokee. Possible scenarios for how the Kickapoo may have learned the Cherokee syllabary are examined. However, some authors have reported that the Kickapoo in Mexico used the less famous Great Lakes Algonquian Syllabary (GLAS), not the Cherokee syllabary. A new line of evidence is presented concerning the label that the Kickapoo use to name the syllabary, evidence that proves the syllabary they have used is the GLAS, not Sequoyah’s. Building on this evidence, new insights about the unexpected shape of some of the GLAS symbols are presented, along with clues about the creator(s) of the GLAS.
Trump as Troll: Personae and Persuasive Inoculation in the 2016 Presidential Campaign

This chapter explores the candidate persona of Donald Trump. It specifically describes how Trump’s campaign persona inoculated him from attacks from opponents. The analysis demonstrates how Trump used persuasive inoculation to imprint his version of the other Republican candidates’ personae on the public and to enfeeble the influence from the candidates themselves. During the presidential campaign of 2016, while Trump’s rivals carefully scripted their own personae, Trump effortlessly and offhandedly destroyed each in turn. Trump’s persona assignment against his rivals operated best at the emotional level, vitiating his opponents with his swamp-draining caricatures of them and raising the capital of his own celebrity billionaire belligerence in the process.
Local resources for local rights? The Mumbai fundraiser's dilemma

Local human rights organizations (LHROs) in the global South are increasingly keen to raise funds from cocitizens and local businesses to diversify their funding, to increase their political legitimacy, and to bolster their resilience to fluctuations in international donor trends. This concern with local funds has assumed new urgency today following the global governmental crackdown on foreign aid to domestic civil society. This article focuses on the potential for local human rights fundraising in Mumbai, one of India's most important economic centers, as well as a hub of social movements and human rights organizing. Like other governments, India has launched a crackdown on foreign aid to local NGOs. Interviews with a representative sample of Mumbai's LHRO leaders indicate that they depend on foreign aid, worry about government regulation, and are keen to raise funds from the city's booming corporate sector. Our representative survey of 1,680 adults living in Mumbai and its rural environs, howeve...
Study of the Centrifugal Stiffening Effect Using the Finite Element Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation

The finite element absolute nodal coordinate formulation is usedin this investigation to study the centrifugal stiffening effect onrotating two-dimensional beams. It is demonstrated that the geometricstiffening effect can be automatically accounted for in the above mentionedfinite element formulation by using an expression for the elastic forcesobtained with a general continuum mechanics approach. The Hill equation thatgoverns the vibration of the rotating beam is obtained in terms of a set ofgeneralized coordinates that describe the beam displacements and slopes.Under the assumption of small deformation, the Hill equation is linearized,and the complete solution is obtained and used to demonstrate analyticallythat such a solution does not exhibit instabilities as the angular velocityof the beam increases. The results obtained using this finite elementprocedure are compared with the results reported in the literature.
Significance of Sources of Retirement Planning Information for Farmers

This study examines the perception of the importance of retirement information from accountants, bankers, Cooperative Extension agents, financial planners, insurance salespersons, lawyers, and the media among full-time farm operators from five states (N=2021). Information on retirement planning from financial planners, insurance agents and lawyers was not highly valued, whereas Cooperative Extension Service was considered an important source of information. ANOVAs were conducted using socio- demographic, socio-economic, retirement and farm operation variables. Age of farm operator was the most likely indicator of perceptions of the value of these information sources. This study indicated that financial planning industry professionals need to strengthen their visibility with and understanding of farm operators. Cooperative Extension agents are in a prime position to make important contributions to assist farm families in preparing for quality of life in later years.
Characterization methodologies for copper/polymer interfacial strength

Copper/polymer structure is a prominent part in wafer level package (WLP) for electrical and thermal connectivity of package-to-system. Due to higher density of Cu redistribution layer (RDL) in advanced wafer level packages, the robustness of Cu/polymer structure such as adhesion is becoming more critical than ever to ensure long term reliability. In this paper, the characterization methodologies of adhesion in Cu/polymer interface are investigated. Compared to stud-pull test which is widely used in industry, fracture toughness characterized by four-point bending (4PB) test is not only effectively to identify interfacial strength but the critical strain energy release rate (Gc) also can be determined. Furthermore, a practical design of Cu/polymer structure is simulated based on the fracture modeling methodology where the VCCT (Virtual Crack Closure Technique) is applied to estimate strain energy release rate (G) at a specific Cu/polymer interface. Results show a predictive modeling approach has been successfully developed to evaluate the risk of delamination compared to critical strain energy release rate. More importantly, the material selection strategy of polymer and Cu structure design optimization for adhesion enhancement and also ensure product reliability.
How pictures complete us: the beautiful, the sublime, and the divine

This book is a philosophical discussion of pictures, which the author defines as two-dimensional representational fine art of the Western variety. His examples make that clear—prominent instances o...
Abstract 19198: Is Z-Score an Appropriate Index of Beneficial Drug Effect in Clinical Trials in Aneurysm Disease?

Introduction: Aortic Z-score is widely used in cardiology to monitor aortic dilation in aortic diseases, including Marfan syndrome. Z-score has also been used in clinical trials to monitor the effect of medications on aortic dilation rate in Marfan patients. We found a void in information regarding the natural, non-pharmacological change in Z-score over time as children age. We studied the natural changes in aortic Z-score in normal children and children with Marfan syndrome. We also studied the effect of obesity on aortic Z-score Methods: (1) We compared mean aortic Z-scores in 4 pediatric age groups, for both ascending aorta and aortic root (2) We compared mean Z-score in adolescents of different BMI ranges (3) We studied the change of aortic Z-score over time (aging) in both normal children and children with Marfan syndrome (All children were on no cardiac medications). Data from our echo studies were entered into the Boston Children’s Hospital Z-score calculator Results: (1) We identified 361 children with normal echo studies. For the ascending aorta, the mean Z-score showed a sequential decrease as age increased. For the root there were no significant changes between the 4 age groups (2) We divided 168 children (Age 10-12 and 15-18) based on BMI into 3 groups. For both the ascending aorta and the root there was a decrease in the mean Z score with increasing BMI. (3) We observed the change in Z-score over time in 27 children without aortic disease with more than a single echo. Mean follow-up time was 24.6 months. 19 of 27 (70%) showed a decrease of root Z-score and 24 (89%) showed a decrease of ascending Z-score. We identified 25 untreated Marfan children with multiple echo studies. Mean follow-up was 28.5 months. We used each 2 sequential studies as one observation, achieving a total of 30 observations. 12 (40%) showed a decrease in root Z-score. 10 (33%) showed a decrease in ascending Z-score Conclusion: Aortic Z-score is affected by other factors even in the absence of any aortic disease process or any medical intervention. Specifically, Z-score decreases spontaneously as children age. Obesity decreases the Z-score. In clinical drug trials in aneurysm disease, decreasing Z-score has been interpreted as a sign of beneficial drug effect. These data put such conclusions into doubt
Zirconium complexes supported by a ferrocene-based ligand as redox switches for hydroamination reactions.

The synthesis of (thiolfan*)Zr(NEt2)2 (thiolfan* = 1,1′-bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-thiophenoxy)ferrocene) and its catalytic activity for intramolecular hydroamination are reported. In situ oxidation and reduction of the metal complex results in reactivity towards different substrates. The reduced form of (thiolfan*)Zr(NEt2)2 catalyzes hydroamination reactions of primary aminoalkenes, whereas the oxidized form catalyzes hydroamination reactions of secondary aminoalkenes.
Approach to the Diagnosis of Blistering Diseases

For diagnostic purposes, it is convenient to classify blistering skin diseases into four major categories: (1) blisters associated with separate red papules and plaques; (2) blisters associated with separate non-red papules; (3) umbilicated vesicles; and (4) blisters without associated lesions. The authors discuss the clinical presentations of diseases within each category.
The joys and sorrows of openness: A review essay

Economists have widely celebrated openness as a crucial ingredient in economic success. Yet there are almost as many definitions of openness as there are celebrants. This chapter explores the many dimensions of openness and finds that they are indeed associated with economic growth. But the chapter also notes important limitations to openness as a panacea for economic ills. Open economies are more vulnerable to terms-of-trade and capital market shocks, which suggests that there is a risk-return tradeoff in becoming more open. We also know that openness is no panacea for development because we have considerable evidence of poverty clusters persisting in highly open economies.
Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration Use for Subclassification and Genotyping of Lung Non-Small-Cell Carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is the primary method for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess the yield of EBUS-TBNA in the subtyping and genotyping of lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS Sixty-nine patients at Indiana University Hospital and Sidney and Lois Eskenazi Hospital with possible or confirmed lung adenocarcinoma underwent EBUS-TBNA using a 21-gauge Olympus needle without suction. Samples were sent for molecular testing after rapid onsite specimen evaluation. A total of 6 to 10 passes were placed in a cell block. RESULTS Sixty-nine samples from patients with non-small-cell lung cancer were sent for molecular testing for epidermal growth factor receptor. Results were obtained in all of the patients. Mutations were found in three patients (4.3%). Fifty-eight samples were sent for V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (100% yield), 10 of which had mutations (17.2%). Fifty-one samples were sent for proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ROS testing (1 [7.8%] mutant). Tissue samples were inadequate in three patients (94.1% yield). Sixty-three samples were sent for anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase testing (3 [4.8%] mutant, 6 [9.5%] inadequate, 90.5% yield). CONCLUSIONS EBUS-TBNA with a 21-gauge needle is appropriate for the analysis of multiple mutations and the genotyping of lung adenocarcinoma.
The Influence of Lakes and Urban Areas on Radar Observed Precipitation Echoes

A study was made of the influence of lakes and urban areas on the development of precipitation, as observed by radar. The study included five cases over the southern portion of Lake Michigan and 500 hr of records over urban areas and small lakes within 100 mi of the radar location. Lake Michigan, in general, discouraged the formation of air mass showers while the small lakes and urban areas caused no noticeable change in the form of echoes.
Neighbourhood deprivation and lung cancer risk: a nested case-control study in the USA.

Objectives To examine the association between neighbourhood deprivation and lung cancer risk. Design Nested case–control study. Setting Southern Community Cohort Study of persons residing in 12 states in the southeastern USA. Participants 1334 cases of lung cancer and 5315 controls. Primary outcome measure Risk of lung cancer. Results After adjustment for smoking status and other confounders, and additional adjustment for individual-level measures of socioeconomic status (SES), there was no monotonic increase in risk with worsening deprivation score overall or within sex and race groups. There was an increase among current and shorter term former smokers (p=0.04) but not among never and longer term former smokers. There was evidence of statistically significant interaction by sex among whites, but not blacks, in which the effect of worsening deprivation on lung cancer existed in males but not in females. Conclusions Area-level measures of SES were associated with lung cancer risk in current and shorter term former smokers only in this population.
Strong cooperation or tragedy of the commons in the chemostat.

In [ 11 ], a proof of principle was established for the phenomenon of the tragedy of the commons, a center piece for many theories on the evolution of cooperation. A general chemostat model with two species, the cooperator and the cheater, was formulated where the cooperator allocates a portion of the nutrient uptake towards the production of a public good which is needed to digest an externally supplied resource. The cheater does not produce the public good, and instead allocates all nutrient uptake towards its own growth. It was proved that if the cheater is present, both the cooperator and the cheater will go extinct. A key assumption was that the cheater and cooperator share a common nutrient uptake rate and yield constant. Here, we relax that assumption and find that although the extinction of both types holds in many cases, it is possible for the cooperator to survive and exclude the cheater if it can evolve so as to have a lower break-even concentration for growth than the cheater. Coexistence of cooperator and cheater is generically impossible.
Perinatal depression, PTSD, and trauma: impact on mother-infant attachment and interventions to mitigate the transmission of risk

Early interactions between infants and their caregivers are fundamental to child development, and the parent-infant relationship is believed to provide the foundation for healthy and secure attachment relationships and for infant mental health. Over time, these secure attachment relationships become the backbone for positive child outcomes across development. Abundant research to date confirms that parental mental illness, including depression and PTSD following trauma exposure, may have a detrimental impact on parenting quality and subsequent early child relationship formations. This review paper summarizes the literature on the role of sensitive parenting and a healthy mother-infant relationship in establishing a secure mother-infant attachment bond, which in turn is critical for the child's healthy socioemotional and cognitive development. The review also highlights the roles of maternal perinatal depression, PTSD, and/or exposure to interpersonal violence or childhood maltreatment onto parenting, bonding, and child attachment style towards the caregiver. The final section discusses existing therapeutic interventions and approaches that bolster early parenting practices and early maternal-child relationships. Specific emphasis is placed on relational interventions that address bonding and attachment disturbances in the context of maternal perinatal mental health risk and trauma.
The 100 Most-Cited Articles About Convection-Enhanced Delivery to the Brain: A Bibliometric Analysis

Background Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) overcomes the blood-brain barrier to deliver therapy within the central nervous system. Our aim was to evaluate citation and other bibliometric characteristics of the 100 most-cited articles about CED to the brain to better understand the state of research efforts in the field. Methods Elsevier's Scopus database was searched for the 100 most-cited articles that focused on CED to the brain. Articles were dichotomized as either primarily basic science (BSc) or clinical (CL) articles. Various bibliometric parameters were summarized, and BSc and CL articles were compared. Results Of the 100 most-cited articles, 64 (64%) were BSc and 36 (36%) were CL. The most common indications reported were brain tumors (59%) and Parkinson disease (5%). Overall median values were as follows: citation count, 102 (range, 70–933); citation rate per year, 9.0 (range, 3.7–49.4); number of authors, 5 (range, 1–25); and publication year, 2006 (range, 1994–2015). Articles were published in a total of 48 different journals, and predominately originated in the United States (n = 78, 78%). BSc and CL articles were statistically comparable in terms of bibliometric parameters. Conclusions In the 100 most-cited articles about CED to the brain, there were more BSc articles compared with CL articles; however, they were comparable with respect to the reported bibliometric parameters. Given that the peak year of publication of these articles was more than a decade ago, we anticipate that the field will shift toward more CL articles once effective therapies to be delivered via CED are discovered.
AAV-PHP.B Administration Results in a Differential Pattern of CNS Biodistribution in Non-human Primates Compared with Mice

The ability of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) to deliver transgenes to the CNS has allowed for several advancements in the field of gene therapy to treat brain disorders. Although most AAVs do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier and transduce the CNS following peripheral administration, AAV-PHP.B has recently been shown to transduce brains of mice with higher efficiency compared with its parent serotype, AAV9, following injection into the retro-orbital sinus. Here, we extended this foundational work by comparing AAV-PHP.B transduction efficiency in wild-type C57BL/6J mice using four clinically applicable delivery strategies including two intravascular (intra-jugular vein and intra-carotid artery) and two intra-cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) routes (intra-cisterna magna and intra-lateral ventricle). We scaled up these comparisons in a larger-animal model and evaluated transduction efficiency of AAV-PHP.B in the rhesus macaque. We found widespread and largely equal CNS transduction in mice following all four injection strategies, whereas we observed a differential pattern of transduction in macaques with broad cortical and spinal cord transduction seen after intrathecal administration and only very low transduction following intravascular administration. Taken together, these results suggest that AAV-PHP.B may be a useful gene therapy vector for neurological disorders, particularly those stemming from broad cortical or spinal cord neuropathology.
Hepatocyte-stellate cell synapse in alcohol-induced steatosis: another role for endocannabinoids.

A new study demonstrates a novel role for an endocannabinoid in promoting hepatocyte steatosis. The study describes a mode of bidirectional communication between the alcohol-injured hepatocyte and the glutamate-activated hepatic stellate cell. This intercellular communication represents a novel targetable pathogenic mechanism that could lead to new strategies to prevent fatty liver disease progression to cirrhosis.
Sliding Mode Current Control of Mutually Coupled Switched Reluctance Machines using a Three-phase Voltage Source Converter

In this paper, a sliding mode current controller (SMC) is proposed for mutually coupled switched reluctance machines (MCSRMs) using a three-phase voltage source converter (VSC). A generalized state-space model of MCSRMs is first presented using a three-phase voltage source converter. Asymmetric bridge converters and three-phase voltage source converter are compared in terms of switching frequency. A sliding mode current controller is then designed to achieve constant switching frequency and lower sampling rate using a three-phase VSC. The stability analysis of the sliding controller is given to ensure the stability of the controller. Finally, the effectiveness of SMC is verified through simulation studies with a three-phase, sinusoidal excitation 12/8 MCSRM over a wide speed range. Compared to the hysteresis current control, SMC demonstrates a comparable performance in terms of torque ripples, torque root-mean-square tracking errors (RMSE) and current RMSE while achieving a constant switching frequency and much lower sampling rate.
A Colocalized Hepatitis C Virus Clinic in a Primary Care Practice Improves Linkage to Care in a High Prevalence Population

Abstract Background There is an urgent need to increase patient access to treatment of chronic Hepatitis C infection. We developed a co-localized Hepatitis C clinic integrated within a primary care practice. We report the Hepatitis C prevalence and evaluate the impact of the integrated clinic on the Hepatitis C cascade of care. Methods We performed a retrospective study of patients with chronic Hepatitis C infection from two clinic practices, the integrated clinic practice and a similar non-integrated clinic practice between July 2015 and July 2016. Demographic, clinical, and Hepatitis C testing data were reviewed to estimate the prevalence of chronic Hepatitis C and to construct a cascade of care. Results A total of 8,405 primary care patients were included; 4,796 (57.1%) received a HCV antibody test and 390 (8.1%) were positive. There were 310 patients with chronic Hepatitis C included in the analysis. There were 119 patients eligible for linkage to care in the non-integrated clinic, of which 80 (67.2%) were referred, 38 (31.9%) were linked, and 18 (15.1%) initiated treatment during the study period. Among the 70 patients eligible for linkage to care in the integrated clinic practice, 51 (72.9%) were referred, 38 (54.3%) were linked, and 16 (22.9%) initiated treatment. In a multivariable analysis, patients in the integrated clinic practice had significantly higher odds of being linked to care than patients in the non-integrated clinic practice (adjusted OR 2.5, 95% CI=1.3 - 4.8). Conclusions We found a high seroprevalence of chronic Hepatitis C within our clinic population and demonstrate that a Hepatitis C clinic integrated into a primary care center increases linkage to care for patients with chronic Hepatitis C.
François Truffaut’s Jules and Jim and the French New Wave, Re-viewed

Truffaut’s early protagonists, like many of those produced by the New Wave, were rebels or misfits who felt stifled by conventional social definitions. His early cinematic style was as anxious to rip chords as his characters were. Unlike Godard, Truffaut went on in his career to commit himself, not to continued experiment in film form or radical critique of visual imagery, but to formal themes like art and life, film and fiction, and art and education. This article reconsiders a film that embodies such themes, in addition to featuring characters who feel stifled by conventional social definitions: Jules and Jim.
Root cause analysis of indeterminate diagnoses in serous fluids cytopathology

Introduction The International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology proposed five diagnostic categories: Nondiagnostic (ND), Negative for Malignancy (NFM), Atypia of Undetermined Significance (AUS), Suspicious for Malignancy (SFM) and Malignant (MAL) (Primary or Metastatic). The indeterminate (AUS/SFM) categories are challenging for management. The goal of this study is to reveal the root causes contributing to indeterminate diagnoses (ID). Materials and methods We searched our archives between 1 January 2017 and 30 June 2019, and performed a root cause analysis (RCA) using the "5 whys" method to determine the contributing factors of ID. Results Nine hundred eleven specimens were evaluated and diagnosed: ND (9, 1%), NFM (667, 73.2%), AUS (51, 5.6%), SFM (27, 3%) and MAL (157, 17.2%). More than one factor contributed to 38/78 ID. Low volume ( 1000 mL in 13 cases. Two mesotheliomas were underdiagnosed as suspicious. Conclusions Low cellularity and low volume were the most common contributing factors, highlighting the importance of adequate sample collection. Adequate volume specimens with low cellularity may benefit from a close inspection and a second CB. Some IDs can be switched to NFM or MAL with careful consideration of clinical, radiologic findings and ancillary testing, and concurrent surgical pathology correlation when available.
Data(-)based ambivalence regarding NYC 311 data infrastructure

In New York City, data documenting complaints made to 311 – the city’s municipal ‘customer service’ agency – are increasingly being analyzed by city agencies, politicians, activists, and residents ...
Cortical granularity shapes information flow to the amygdala and its striatal targets in nonhuman primate

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) and insula, amygdala, and striatum form interconnected networks that drive motivated behaviors. We previously found a connectional trend in which granularity of the ventromedial and orbital PFC/insula predicted connections to the amygdala and also the scope of amygdalo-striatal efferents, including projections beyond the 9classic9 ventral striatum. To further interrogate this triad and define the 9limbic (amygdala-recipient) striatum9, we conducted tract tracing studies in two cohorts of primates to define the scope of cortico-amygdalo-striatal (indirect) and cortico-9limbic9 striatal (direct) paths originating in the entire PFC and insula. With larger data sets and a quantitative approach, we found that the level of cortical granularity predicts the complexity and location of projections to both the amygdala and striatum. Remarkably, 9cortical-like9 basal nucleus subdivisions also followed these rules in their projections to the striatum. In both 9direct9 and 9indirect9 paths to the 9limbic9 striatum, agranular cortices formed a 9foundational9, broad projection, and were joined by inputs from progressively more differentiated cortices. In amygdalo-striatal paths, the ventral basal nucleus was the 9foundational9 input, with progressively more dorsal basal nucleus regions gradually adding inputs as the 9limbic striatum9 extended caudally. Together, the 9indirect9 and 9direct9 paths follow consistent rules dictating projection strength and complexity to their targets. In the 9indirect9 path, the agranular 9interoceptive9 cortices consistently dominate amygdala inputs to the striatum. In contrast, 9direct9 cortical inputs to the 9limbic9 (amygdala-recipient) striatum create gradual shifts in connectivity fingerprints to provide clues to functional differences in the classic versus caudal ventral 9limbic9 striatum.
A framework for integrated dispatching and charging management of an autonomous electric vehicle ride-hailing fleet

Abstract The convergence of electrification and automated driving will introduce opportunities to improve the operation and energy-efficiency of transportation systems. This paper discusses the challenges of dispatching autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs) in a ride-hailing fleet and their interactions with charging infrastructure. An integrated decision-making framework for dispatching and charging has been proposed using system optimization approaches. An agent-based platform has been developed for simulating and testing the proposed methods. A case study using New York City taxi data has been performed with different fleet sizes, dispatching strategies, and charging networks. Advantages of optimization-based approaches for AEV fleet management have been studied and demonstrated, for example, for a fleet of 1,750 AEVs to meet 100,000 daily requests, optimization-based centralized fleet management would result in 14% more ride requests satisfied and 43% fewer zero-occupancy miles traveled than if AEVs make independent decisions based on heuristic strategy. Benefits on reducing fleet size and charging downtime from optimization approaches are also comprehensively illustrated.
Preoperative characteristics predictive of PROMIS Pain Interference two years after shoulder surgery

Abstract Introduction The objective of this study was to identify preoperative characteristics associated with worse Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain Interference (PI) two years after shoulder surgery. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on 293 patients who underwent elective shoulder surgery. Survey questionnaires were collected within one week of surgery and then two years postoperatively. Bivariate analysis was used to identify associations and multivariable analysis was used to control for confounding variables. Results Worse two-year PROMIS PI was significantly correlated with older age, higher BMI, greater comorbidities, more prior surgeries, and multiple socio-demographic factors. Less improvement in PROMIS PI was significantly correlated with greater comorbidities, more previous surgeries, unemployment, prior orthopaedic surgery on the operative joint, and a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score. Better scores on all preoperative patient-reported outcome measures correlated with better two-year PROMIS PI. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that worse two-year PROMIS PI was independently predicted by the following preoperative factors: Workers’ Compensation claim, opioid use, worse whole body Numeric Pain Score, and worse PROMIS PI. Less improvement in two-year PROMIS PI was predicted by the same preoperative factors. Conclusion Worse PROMIS PI after shoulder surgery was associated with older age, greater comorbidities, mental health impairment, and lower socioeconomic status. Preoperative predictors of worse pain interference two years after shoulder surgery included Workers’ Compensation, opioid use, worse whole body pain, and worse PROMIS PI. Level of evidence III.
Changing worlds, changing selves: The experience of the religious self among catholic collegians

This study considers student development, focusing on religious change, from social psychological perspectives. The interplay between views of the college environment and the religious self was examined as a way to understand the internal processes of four undergraduate students who underwent a religious change from the Catholic faith. The methodological approach was qualitative. Narrative inquiry uncovered the individuals' inner processes and perceptions of their environment and themselves. Interview analysis showed that students' social and academic communities largely affected their religious identities. Both aspects of the college environment contributed to a more independent self that sometimes incorporated prior Catholic beliefs. (Contains 53 references.) (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
Modeling Relations between Inputs and Dynamic Behavior for General Programs

Program dynamic optimization, for being adaptive to runtime behavior changes, has become increasingly important for both performance and energy savings. However, most runtime optimizations often suffer from the lack of a global picture of a program's execution, and cannot afford sophisticated program analysis. On the other hand, offline profiling techniques overcome both obstacles but are oblivious to the effects of program inputs. An approach in the between is to offline find the connections between program inputs and runtime behavior, and then apply the knowledge to runtime optimizations. Although it potentially gets the best of both worlds, it faces a fundamental challenge: How to discover and model the relations between inputs and runtime behavior for general programs. This work tackles the problem from three aspects. It proposes an extensible input characterization language to resolve the complexity of program inputs. A translator to the langauage helps automatically convert a raw input into an attribute vector, which is then refined by a feature selector to remove redundancies and noises. Finally, statistical learning builds input-behavior models. Experiments on IBM XL compilers show accurate prediction of detailed execution profiles, helping profile-directed compilation outperform both static and offline profiling-based compilations, demonstrating the potential of the technique for continuous program optimizations.
Growth velocity and weaning δ(15)N "Dips" during ontogeny in Macaca mulatta.

Objectives: A “dip” in the stable nitrogen isotope ratios (δ15N) of subadults in the late weaning/early post-weaning phase of growth and development has been observed. Speculatively, this is the mechanism of positive nitrogen balance operating among rapidly growing subadults. An alternate hypothesis for δ15N dips is that during weaning, subadults eat lower-15N foods than adults. Methods: This study explores the role of positive nitrogen balance in affecting δ15N variation of growing subadults by comparing growth velocity with stable carbon isotope (δ13C) and δ15N ratios of blood serum from captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) (n = 14) with controlled diets during the first 10 months of life. Results: During the first six months, δ15N values are inversely correlated with growth in some of the anthropometrics (weight and sagittal circumference). Dips in some infants' δ15N values below their mothers' values are observed at the end of the weaning period. However, during this time frame, δ15N values of the infants are not correlated with anthropometric indices. Serum stable isotope ratios of lactating and non-lactating adult females differ significantly. Conclusions: Growth in body mass and size explains some of the variation in infant δ15N values, but are not responsible for dips in the late weaning/early post-weaning phase. It is advised that future research evaluate the extent to which growth in other body systems affects nitrogen balance and δ15N dips during ontogeny, and expand on isotopic differences between lactating and non-lactating females. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:347–357, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission Region I Environmental Monitoring Inspection Program

The present Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) organization, particularly as it pertains to the inspection program for nuclear facilities, is presented. The NRC's inspection program covering both nonradiological and radiological aspects from initial construction through the operational phase is summarized. Inspection experience, including examples of problem areas and improvements, and trends in current NRC policies relating to environmental monitoring programs are also discussed.
A gas handling system for MOMBE growth

Abstract This paper describes the operating principles and performance of a gas handling system, which was designed specifically for the metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy (MOMBE) growth of III–V compound semiconductors. The system employs three-parameter control (carrier flow, reagent vapor pressure and bubbler pressure) to deliver a stable and reproducible flow of each metalorganic reagent. This approach permits a very wide range of reagent flux to be conveniently accessed. This flux can be exactly predicted, using a modification to the simple theoretical expression that has been used previously. Data for the repeated growth of GaAs FET structures show that the growth rate is stable and has an excellent day-to-day reproducibility. A novel compensated vent/run gas switching system is used to eliminate pressure transients that can otherwise occur when switching the reagent gases in and out of the MOMBE growth chamber. This system has been used for the growth of GaAs and AlGaAs and we show that the growth rate stabilizes within one monolayer during a change of III–V composition. This allows us to grow heterojunctions with monolayer abruptness as determined by RHEED oscillations and photoluminescence studies of narrow quantum well samples.
Development of the hematopoietic system and disorders of hematopoiesis that present during infancy and early childhood

This article reviews the ontogeny of hematopoiesis (embryonic/fetal/newborn phases) and its regulation and provides examples of the disorders of hematopoiesis that present in the newborn or infant and their pathophysiology. Many of these disorders are discussed in depth in other articles of this issue.
Pain and stress in sickle cell disease: an analysis of daily pain records.

This study examined daily reports of pain, medication use, health care use, and activity reduction in adults with sickle cell disease, and their association with stress. Participants were 53 adults with sickle cell disease. They completed the Daily Hassles questionnaire at the start of the study, and they kept daily records of pain and pain response over the following 14 days. On average, patients reported pain on 6.5 days of the 14-day study period. The average pain intensity rating during a painful episode was 4.4 on a 10-point scale. Pain was most often managed at home. Patients took medication (analgesics and/or narcotics) on 80% of the days they experienced pain, and they were morelikely to use medication, particularly narcotics, as pain levels increased. At higher pain levels some patients also utilized arange of health care services. On average, patients also cut back considerably on household and social activities, especially when pain reached a level of over 5 on the 10-point scale. Those who were employed, however, were likely to continue to work, even when in pain. In addition, stress had significant positive associations with average pain intensity as well as reductions in household and social activities. Furthermore, stress predicted activity reductions even after controlling for pain intensity. Stress was unrelated to medication and health care use in this study.
Labor costs convergence in manufacturing between North America and Western Europe, 1960‐1991

Hourly labor costs in the manufacturing sector of seven EC countries, the USA and Canada are used to test the factor price convergence (FPC) by employing Johansen’s multivariate cointegration tests. We also examine if there is a two‐way causality in wages between two groups of countries covered in this study. Both objectives are evaluated by developing error‐correction models for Western Europe and North America. Our empirical findings provide support for the FPC and the existence of a long‐run equilibrium cointegration relationship among labor costs in manufacturing. The estimation results of error correction models show that a feedback causality exists between manufacturing labor costs in North America and Western Europe.
Effects of Pre-Inoculation Host Temperature on Infection of Cereal Seedlings by Puccinia striiformis

THERE have been several reports concerning effects of post-inoculation temperature on reaction type of wheat varieties to certain races of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis West)1,2. On the other hand, there is very little information available on the effects of preinoculation host temperature. Apparently the temperature during this phase of plant growth has been held constant or has been stated to be that obtained with ordinary greenhouse conditions.
Merging aggregate catch data with uncertain prior knowledge to approximate age and size distributions and selectivity functions

The problem of determining fish age and size distributions and gear selectivity from aggregate data is approached as an ill-posed inverse problem. Minimum cross-entropy inversion techniques allow the selection of a reasonable unique solution, directly incorporating background information of uncertain quality. >
MODELS AND CONTROL METHODOLOGIES FOR IC ENGINE IDLE SPEED CONTROL DESIGN

This paper surveys different internal combustion engine models arid control design methodologies for the idle speed control (ISC) application. Linear engine models used for control system synthesis and analysis, as well as nonlinear models for computer simulation and control design validation, are discussed. The survey includes both classical designs, often seen in production, and those based on advanced control theory such as H.~ and l~ control. Over 50 papers are listed as references. Copyright © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd
Ruminal Disappearance of Crude Protein and Dry Matter in Feeds and Combined Effects in Formulated Rations

Abstract Disappearance rates for feedstuffs were determined by suspension of feed-stuffs in polyester bags into a fistulated rumen of a lactating cow fed a corn-silage concentrate ration. Percent residual nitrogen and dry matter were measured at 2, 12, 24, 36, and 48h, and fractional disappearances per hour were ascertained for all feedstuffs. Two-hour disappearance rates for feedstuffs ranged from .279 to .029 for nitrogen and from .259 to .023 for dry matter. Extended nitrogen disappearance ranged from .146 to .008 and dry matter from .088 to .007. Nitrogen disappearance rate before 2h was uncorrelated with rate after 2h while dry matter disappearance before and after 2h was correlated .81. Nine rations were formulated for 30,45, and 60% degradable nitrogen with three physical forms (ground, chopped, and all concentrate) and subjected to ruminal degradation in polyester bags. Of individual feedstuffs, degraded nitrogen was more predictable in rations containing no forage and least in rations containing ground forage. Measured degradable nitrogen agreed most in rations containing 30, followed by 60, then 45% predicted degradable. Solubility or short term nitrogen degradation appears invalid for predicting ruminally degradable nitrogen and especially in mixed rations.