cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Mechanical Response of Metallic glass/BCC Nanocomposite Materials

This is a copy of the slides presented at the meeting but not formally written up for the volume. Bulk metallic glass (BMG) has been of intense interest recently because of its unique combination of excellent mechanical properties including high strength. One of the major drawbacks of monolithic BMG materials is the limited ductility due to strain localization. Except a few recent reports on monolithic ductile BMG, the most popular method to enhance the ductility of the BMG samples is to introduce a crystalline or quasicrystalline phase by precipitation or mixing. The composite material usually exhibits some degree of strain hardening along with significantly higher impact resistance and fracture toughness. However, the mechanism of this strain hardening is not well understood. We present simulated uniaxial compression tests on a monatomic model amorphous system embedded with body-center cubic (BCC) nanocrystals. The advantage of this model system is that intimate amorphous-crystal interfaces can be obtained. We observe that when comparing to monolithic glassy samples where a single shear band normally dominates, multiple shear bands appear in the BCC-amorphous composite samples. The plastic deformation initiates at the interfaces between nanocrystals and the glassy phase due to stress concentration. Furthermore, we demonstrate that shear along the bands results in growth of the nanocrystals.
Soft skin texture modulation for social robotics

Robots designed for social interaction often express their internal and emotional states through nonverbal behavior. In most systems, this is achieved using facial expressions, gestures, locomotion, and tone of voice. In this paper, we propose a new expressive nonverbal channel for social robots in the form of a texture-changing skin. Our approach is inspired by biological systems, which frequently display their internal states through skin texture change. We present two designs for soft fluidic Texture Units (TU): goosebumps and spikes, and a design for an interleaved TU array that can function as an expressive social robot skin. We discuss fabrication, actuation, and control considerations, as well as a framework for mapping emotional states to texture changes. We exemplify the design in a social robot which has both a screen-projected face and the proposed texture-changing expressive skin.
L2 results for $$\overline \partial$$ in a conic

The \(\overline \partial\) equation is the main quantitative tool in the theory of several complex variables. It has been used extensively in analysis of domains in ℂ n and on complex manifolds, see [H]. However, in the theory of several complex variables, one also needs to investigate complex spaces as they occur naturally as soon as one considers zero sets of holomorphic functions.
Intussuscepted intestine through a rectal foreign body

Rectal foreign bodies are an unfortunate source of both humour and clinical intrigue for the surgical community. Since their initial description in the 16th century, their management has evolved substantially.1 Assuming a patient does not present with peritonitis, the therapeutic algorithm typically begins with sedation and a bedside attempt at extraction.2,3 Failing this, the patient is transferred to the operating room for an examination under anesthesia with transanal extraction. Because these techniques are usually successful, a laparotomy is required in less than 10% of patients.3 In addition to this sequence of events aimed at removing retained foreign bodies, numerous individual techniques have also been described. These include, but are not limited to, the use of polypectomy snares, forceps, inflated Foley balloon catheters, obstetric vacuum extractors, achalasia/dilation balloons and even plaster casts.4 Predictors of failure, or conversely of requiring a laparotomy for extraction, include objects that have migrated into the sigmoid colon as well as those that have been retained for more than 2 days.3 This is predictable given the high likelihood that most patients attempt to remove foreign bodies themselves before seeking medical advice.4,5 As a result, the true incidence of this dilemma is unknown.
Concomitant delayed posthypoxic leukoencephalopathy and critical illness microbleeds

MRI with inclusion of T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and susceptibility-weighted imaging sequences may be helpful in identifying delayed posthypoxic leukoencephalopathy and critical illness microbleeds in patients at risk.
Nocturnidad y posoccidentalidad en la literatura latinoamericana: Del “Nocturno” de José Asunción Silva a Nocturno de Chile de Roberto Bolaño

El articulo explora desde un enfoque posoccidental la representacion de la noche en la narrativa caribena y latinoamericana contemporanea. Se analiza especificamente la novela Nocturno de Chile (2000), de Roberto Bolano, en relacion con importantes antecedentes como el “Nocturno” (1892), de Jose Asuncion Silva. Esta lectura posoccidental permite establecer conexiones entre Nocturno de Chile y unas fuerzas de discontinuidad ya presentes en el poema de Silva. Bolano recicla radicalmente la tradicion de origen europeo del nocturno hispanoamericano para representar la desarticulacion social y cultural de un tiempo dictatorial a la vez subsumido pero desconectado del entorno de Occidente.
Cicero’s duties and Adam Smith’s sentiments: how Smith adapts Cicero’s account of self-interest, virtue, and justice

In this article, I explore the complex and unappreciated relationship between the moral and political thought of Cicero and Adam Smith. Cicero’s views about justice, propriety, and the selfish love...
Academic Freedom: Intellectual Integrity in Times of Institutional Change (Updated version 2.7.20)

This presentation seeks to broaden faculty’s understanding of academic freedom by exploring its many facets, especially when it comes to diverse learning environments. This presentation will provide practical information, learning strategies and examples on the topic of academic freedom for faculty to be able to express and share their knowledge freely with students without fear of reprisals, while maintaining a robust learning environment for our diverse student body.
Core Knowledge and Specialized Skills in Academic Libraries.

Academic libraries are challenged to keep pace with major changes and trends in the fields of library and information science and higher education generally. Through a nationwide survey of information professionals and LIS faculty, this study explores the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) currently in demand for academic librarians and compares them to those expected of information professionals in other areas of the field. The results show a strong emphasis on interpersonal and communication skills as well as certain domain knowledge. The results also suggest some significant differences between expectations for academic librarians compared to other information professionals.
Abstract IA25: Detection of somatic mutations and HPV in saliva of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy in the world and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. HNSCC develops in the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx and is associated with tobacco exposure, alcohol abuse, and infection with oncogenic viruses. Despite numerous diagnostic and therapeutic advances, HNSCC often presents with advanced disease and the long-term survival for patients with HPV-negative SCC has remained ~55%. Conventional analysis of tissue through cytopathology or histopathology is the mainstay of diagnosis. There are no useful biomarkers for disease diagnosis or surveillance. The genetic landscape of HNSCC has demonstrated that these tumors are largely driven by tumor-suppressor mutations. The broad mutation spectrum detected in HNSCC by these sequencing studies not only sheds light on its molecular pathogenesis, but also serves as a molecular signature that is exquisitely specific to the individual tumor. Therefore, methods that use these molecular signatures and biomarkers and aid in improved screening/early detection, prognostication, monitoring, and surveillance are paramount for improving outcomes. We will explore tumor DNA (somatic mutations and HPV DNA) in saliva and plasma for screening, monitoring, and surveillance and outline resulting implications for personalized medicine. In HNSCC, analysis of tumor DNA has the potential to enhance tumor profiling, aid in determining patient prognosis, and guide treatment decisions. Citation Format: Nishant Agrawal. Detection of somatic mutations and HPV in saliva of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Liquid Biopsies; Jan 13-16, 2020; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(11_Suppl):Abstract nr IA25.
An Introduction to Design Thinking and an Application to the Challenges of Frail, Older Adults

Design thinking is a valuable, iterative process to utilize when building an innovation. Rather than starting from a singular novel technology in search of a problem, the design thinking approach begins with assessing the environment, users, and stakeholders, attempting to identify alternative strategies and solutions. This process generally leads to a more holistic and sustainable intervention, improving outcomes and adoption. This chapter provides a primer to design thinking, as well an introductory toolkit to begin applying the approach to your innovations.
ThermoTag: A Hidden ID of 3D Printers for Fingerprinting and Watermarking

To address the increasing challenges of counterfeit detection and IP protection for 3D printing, we propose that every 3D printer holds unique fingerprinting features characterized by the thermodynamic properties of the extruder hot-end and can be used as a new way of 3D watermarking. We prove that these physical fingerprints resulting from manufacturing imperfections and system variations exhibit distinct heating responses, namely “ThermoTag,” which can be represented as the distinguishable thermodynamic processes and, ultimately, the temperature readings during the preheating process. Experimental results show that, by only changing the hot-ends of the same model on the same 3D printer, we can achieve about 92% identification accuracy amongst 45 hot-ends. The permanence and robustness of ThermoTag for the same hot-end were examined, throughout a period of one month with hundreds of trials under different environmental temperature settings. Leveraging the hidden ThermoTag, an example of watermarking scheme in 3D printing is presented and evaluated.
Latitudinal dependence of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variations

[1] AMOC variations are often thought to propagate with the Kelvin wave speed, resulting in a short time lead between high and low latitudes AMOC variations. However as shown in this paper using a coupled climate model (GFDL CM2.1), with the existence of interior pathways of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) from Flemish Cap to Cape Hatteras as that observed recently, AMOC variations estimated in density space propagate with the advection speed in this region, resulting in a much longer time lead (several years) between subpolar and subtropical AMOC variations and providing a more useful predictability. The results suggest that AMOC variations have significant meridional coherence in density space, and monitoring AMOC variations in density space at higher latitudes might reveal a stronger signal with a several-year time lead.
Design and implementation of a collaboration web-services system

Conference control has been studied for years but most researches focus on homogenous collaboration. There is no conference control framework for integration of multiple collaboration systems such as H.323, SIP and AccessGrid. In this paper we present a web-services based scalable conference control framework for such a heterogeneous collaboration system. Based on this framework, we implemented a prototype system to verify and refine our framework. This system can support various conferencing endpoints and communities.
Real time analysis of low frequency oscillation for large scale power system

A novel strategy for studying interarea low frequency oscillations is presented in this paper. Traditionally, eigenvalue method is widely used to assess the small signal stability of the power system. With the rapid development of wide area measurement system, online identification is used to assess the stability for real-time power system. These two methods are often used separated and have limited applications. Real time analysis scheme takes advantages of both online identification and eigenvalue calculation method. It can obtain dominant oscillation modes of the real-time power system, critical generators and their participation factors. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been demonstrated through the application of monitoring the interarea oscillations of Central China Power Grid.
VZV: pathogenesis and the disease consequences of primary infection

VZV is a human alphaherpesvirus that causes varicella (chickenpox) as the primary infection and establishes latency in sensory ganglia. VZV reactivation results in herpes zoster (shingles). During the course of varicella and zoster, VZV infects differentiated human cells that exist within unique tissue microenvironments in humans. The tropism of VZV for skin is the most obvious clinical manifestation of VZV infection, producing the vesicular cutaneous lesions that are associated with varicella and zoster. The site of initial VZV infection in naive hosts is thought to be mucosal epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract. Entry is presumed to follow inoculation of the respiratory epithelium with infectious virus transmitted by aerosolized respiratory droplets or by contact with virus in varicella or zoster skin lesions (Arvin, ; Grose, 1981). VZV in respiratory or conjunctival mucosal cells has the opportunity to interact with and infect local immune system cells and those in adjacent lymphoid tissues. Trafficking of infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), which appear to be predominantly T-cells, to the skin is thought to give rise to crops of cutaneous vesicles. Skin lesions contain VZV material associated with necrotic debris and, unlike virus grown in vitro, cell-free, infectious particles are detected in vesicular fluid (Williams et al., 1962). The life cycle of VZV is completed upon its transmission to a susceptible host from an individual with varicella, or it can be postponed for decades by establishing latency in neurons and transmitting to future generations during episodes of zoster.
GLYOXYLATE METABOLISM IN GROWTH AND SPORULATION OF BACILLUS CEREUS

Megraw, Robert E. (Iowa State University, Ames), and Russell J. Beers. Glyoxylate metabolism in growth and sporulation of Bacillus cereus. J. Bacteriol. 87:1087–1093. 1964.—Isocitrate lyase and malate synthetase were found in cell-free extracts of Bacillus cereus T. The patterns of synthesis of enzymes of the glyoxylic acid cycle were dependent upon the medium in which the organism was grown. Cells grown in acetate or in an acetate precursor, such as glucose, produced enzymes of the glyoxylic acid cycle in greatly diminished quantities, as compared with cells grown in media containing glutamate or yeast extract as principal carbon sources. Glutamate-grown cells had high isocitrate lyase activity but very low malate synthetase activity. Glyoxylate produced in this situation is metabolized by alternate pathways: conversion to tartronic semialdehyde and the latter to glyceric acid, thus providing evidence for a glycerate pathway; and reduction to glycolate (the reverse of this reaction was present at a low rate). Enzymatic activity of the glyoxylic acid cycle declines at the point where sporogenesis begins, indicating a metabolic shift for the synthesis of spore material.
Optimal treatments for photodynamic therapy

Medical applications in operations research have flourished over the last few decades, and one of the most prolific topics has been how to optimally design cancer treatments. The preponderance of this research has considered radiotherapy design, but several new procedures are emerging as alternatives to standard treatments. This paper addresses the developing treatment modality called photodynamic therapy (PDT), which uses the light-harvesting properties of a photosensitizer. The premise is that cells expire due to a toxic reaction caused by exposing a photosensitizer to a specific wavelength of light. The purpose of treatment design is to decide how to best treat the patient, meaning that cancerous tissues are damaged but that surrounding organs are not. This paper has two objectives. First, we develop a model that allows us to explore the design process. In particular, we develop a standard pharmacokinetic model to estimate the absorption and elimination of the photosensitizer. The biological model provides the data to cast the design process as a time dependent linear program. Second, we use the linear program to answer the question of whether or not PDT is a viable treatment for deep tissue cancers with the only drug currently approved in the USA. Our results indicate that even under optimal conditions, the treatments based on the currently approved drug are not capable of targeting tumors without destroying surrounding tissues. However, a treatment’s success significantly increases with the drug’s affinity for cancerous tissues.
Synthesis of the Spirofungin B Core by a Reductive Cyclization Strategy

A reductive decyanation approach to the synthesis of the core of spirofungin B has been developed. Spirofungin B has only one anomeric stabilization in the spiroacetal and was isolated along with its spiroacetal epimer, spirofungin A. The cyclization precursor was constructed from readily available starting materials. The reductive cyclization reaction was both efficient and stereoselective. The reductive cyclization strategy to spiroacetals is convergent and effective.
Optimal scheduling of capture times in a multiple capture imaging system

Several papers have discussed the idea of extending image sensor dynamic range by capturing several images during a normal exposure time. Most of these papers assume that the images are captured according to a uniform or an exponentially increasing exposure time schedule. Even though such schedules can be justified by certain implementation considerations, there has not been any systematic study of how capture time schedules should be optimally determined. In this paper we formulae the multiple capture time scheduling problem when the incident illumination probability density function (pdf) is completely known as a constrained optimization problem. We aim to find the capture times that maximize the average signal SNR. The formulation leads to a general upper bound on achievable average SNR using multiple capture for any given illumination pdf. For a uniform pdf, the average SNR is a concave function in capture times and therefore well-known convex optimization techniques can be applied to find the global optimum. For a general piece-wise uniform pdf, the average SNR is not necessarily concave. The cost function, however, is a Difference of Convex (D.C.) function and well-established D.C. or global optimization techniques can be used.
TH‐C‐AUD C‐07: Prediction of Fiducial Motion in Respiratory Tumors for Image‐Guided Radiotherapy

Purpose: Several groups have investigated monitoring respiratory tumor motion during a radiotherapy treatment session by fluoroscopically tracking implanted markers. However tracking requires prediction because there is a mechanical latency involved in either shutting the beam off or moving the position of the beam to adjust for the tracking results. Investigators have examined predicting respiratory tumor motion using various linear, non‐linear, and adaptive techniques. Here, we run a pilot study and try a new non‐linear regression method for prediction and compare it with linear prediction on three patients with respiratory tumors.Method and Materials: We examine two methods to predict the future location of the tumor, moving linear regression and moving support vector regression. By trial and error, we find that using 8 prior locations of the tumor is optimal for the linear model. The support vector regressor is non‐linear because we use a radial basis kernel function to expand the input space. Like the linear model, it also uses 8 prior locations to predict the future location.. The loss function is the e‐insenstive. We test our models on data from 3 patients with respiratory tumors. The motion data was collected with Accuray's Synchrony system at 30Hz. Results: We predict the location of the tumor 1 second ahead. The root mean square error of no prediction, linear regression, and support vector regression respectively is 7.41 mm, 1.93 mm, and 1.47 mm. Conclusion: On this small set of patients, we appear to predict tumor motion further into the future than previously reported. Although this might be because of the small sample size, what remains significant either way is the fact that support vector regression out‐performed the linear method for predicting tumor location for each of the three patients.
Collaboration With Latino Families A Critical Perspective of Home—School Interactions

This article focuses on how education personnel can foster a climate and infrastructure for working collaboratively with Latino families. The author argues that collaboration is facilitated when educators understand how they, as school agents, accept a Latino community’s culture, knowledge, and power within the school context and how educators align their values and beliefs, as well as school policies and practices, with those of the community. Included is a review of relevant literature as well as suggestions for Latino family collaboration that can be used to guide educators (special and general) in identifying mind-sets and practices that either permit or preclude authentic collaboration.
Methods for improving the measurement and control of temperature in the variable temperature system of the varian E-3 EPR spectrometer

Abstract Simple modifications of the variable temperature system for the E-3 EPR spectrometer are described which make it possible, when using small samples, to set and control their temperature to within ±0.025°C over a 2°C range about a given temperature and to maintain a constant temperature accurately for many hours. The method used to measure the sample temperature is also described. Such control was required for a study of the effects of the so-called antifreeze glycoproteins on the melting and freezing of H 2 O and D 2 O solutions. In this example, the collateral use of the microwave cavity as a sensitive detector of changes of state of the sample also is discussed.
A New Class of Spinal Interneurons: The Origin and Function of C Boutons Is Solved

C boutons, a major synaptic input to motor neurons, were first described years ago, but their origin and functional significance were unknown. In this issue of Neuron, a group of cholinergic interneurons located near the central canal is identified as the source of C boutons. The rhythmic activity in these neurons during locomotion increases motor neuronal excitability, thereby potentiating the strength of muscle contraction.
From collective action to institutionalized labor rights: parallel and diverging logics of collective action in Germany and South Africa

An historical narrative emphasizing the “counterrevolution in the social‐economic sphere” of neo‐liberalism's attack worldwide on organized labor and welfare provision since the 1970s distorts or ignores the gains and transformations of collective bargaining in Germany and South Africa during this period. Despite apparent differences between these cases, both labor movements succeeded in transforming narrowly circumscribed workplace rights into broader demands for political and economic change. Migrant or non‐citizen workers played a key role in both cases, and workers gained important reforms in the absence of strong party allies in power. The cases thus draw into question the universality of the Marshallian, liberal path to worker power, from civil rights to political and finally labor and social rights. These examples of the postliberal path suggest instead that gains in labor rights can lead to gains in social and political rights.
Age and Gender Stratification in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea: Implications for Participation in Economic Development

There is general consensus among scholars interested in economic development that the ways in which both innovating organizations and target groups define the appropriate roles for men and women (gender roles) have an important impact on the nature of the development process. Concepts of age and age stratification, however, also have a profound influence on the outcome of this process. This paper examines how the choices and opportunities of women in a contemporary Highland community in Papua New Guinea are shaped by pre-contact systems of both age and gender stratification. Of particular interest are the differing ways in which change and development can affect different age groups in a society characterized by age stratification. First, a brief summary of the salient features of the pre-contact culture of this community is presented. Second, an overview of the nature and style of economic development introduced into the community is given. Third, the manner in which the economic participation of women i...
Vibrational spectra and force constants of N,N-dichloroacetamide and N-chloroacetamide

Abstract The i.r. and Raman spectra of N,N -dichloroacetamide and N -chloroacetamide are reported. The observed fundamental vibrations have been assigned on the basis of C 8 , symmetry. The frequencies corresponding to the N-Cl stretching modes were found below 500 cm −1 . In contrast they have been observed at much higher frequencies in pyramidal molecules. Normal coordinate analyses confirm the description of the fundamental vibrations; force constants were found to be transferable between molecules with related structures.
Behaviors Associated with "Good" and "Poor" Outcomes in a Simulated Career Decision.

Abstract What career decision-making procedures enable people to make decisions that yield consequences congruent with their own values? The 40 “best” (most congruent) and 40 “worst” decision makers on the Career Decision Simulation were compared in a sample of 148 community college students. No significant differences appeared in the amount of double checking, number of occupations and information sources checked, amount of information collected, decision time required, and the proportion of information sought about high values. The “best” decision makers, however, were significantly more persistent in immediately seeking more information about an occupation that seemed to match one of their most important personal work values. Following a values-guided search appears more effective than simply searching exhaustively.
Object repetition leads to local increases in the temporal coordination of neural responses.

Experience with visual objects leads to later improvements in identification speed and accuracy ("repetition priming"), but generally leads to reductions in neural activity in single-cell recording studies in animals and fMRI studies in humans. Here we use event-related, source-localized MEG (ER-SAM) to evaluate the possibility that neural activity changes related to priming in occipital, temporal, and prefrontal cortex correspond to more temporally coordinated and synchronized activity, reflected in local increases in the amplitude of low-frequency activity fluctuations (i.e. evoked power) that are time-locked to stimulus onset. Subjects (N=17) identified pictures of objects that were either novel or repeated during the session. Tests in two separate low-frequency bands (theta/alpha: 5-15 Hz; beta: 15-35 Hz) revealed increases in evoked power (5-15 Hz) for repeated stimuli in the right fusiform gyrus, with the earliest significant increases observed 100-200 ms after stimulus onset. Increases with stimulus repetition were also observed in striate/extrastriate cortex (15-35 Hz) by 200-300 ms post-stimulus, along with a trend for a similar pattern in right lateral prefrontal cortex (5-15 Hz). Our results suggest that experience-dependent reductions in neural activity may affect improved behavioral identification through more coordinated, synchronized activity at low frequencies, constituting a mechanism for more efficient neural processing with experience.
Effects of proteoglycan modification on mineral formation in a differentiating chick limb-bud mesenchymal cell culture system

In the presence of 4 mM inorganic phosphate, differentiating chick limb-bud mesenchymal cells plated in micromass cultures form a mineralized matrix resembling that of chick calcified cartilage. To test the hypothesis that cartilage proteoglycans are inhibitors of cell mediated mineralization, the synthesis, content, and turnover of proteoglycans were altered in this system, and the extent of mineralization and properties of the mineral crystals examined. In all cases where the proteoglycan synthesis or proteoglycans present were modified to provide fewer or smaller molecules, mineralization was enhanced. Specifically, when proteoglycan synthesis was blocked by treatment with 10(-10) M retinoic acid, extensive mineral deposition occurred on a matrix devoid of both proteoglycans and cartilage nodules. The crystals, which formed rapidly, were relatively large in size based on analysis by X-ray diffraction or FT-1R microspectroscopy, and were more abundant than in controls. When 2.5 or 5 mM xylosides were used to cause the synthesis of smaller proteoglycans, the extent of mineral accretion was also increased relative to controls; however, the matrix was less affected, and the extent of mineral deposition and the size of the crystals were not as markedly altered as in the case of retinoic acid. Modification of existing proteoglycans by either chondroinase ABC or hyaluronidase treatment similarly resulted in increased mineral accretion (based on 45Ca uptake or total Ca uptake) relative to cultures in which the proteoglycan content was not manipulated. Crystals were more abundant and larger than in control mineralizing cultures. In contrast, when proteoglycan degradation by metalloproteases was inhibited by metal chelation with o-phenanthroline, the Ca accretion at early time points was increased, but as mineralization progressed, Ca accumulation decreased. These data provide evidence that in this culture system, proteoglycans are inhibitors of mineralization.
Microfluidic Refrigerant Compression and Pumping by Maxwell Pressure Generated at a Nanoporous Monolith

We introduce a new concept in miniature two-phase cooling with ammonia and other refrigerants. Despite its high heat removal rate density, two-phase cooling has not been attempted for miniature electronic cooling because of the high pressure needed to compress the vapor phase into liquid. We suggest in this short expository that Maxwell pressure generated by an intense DC or AC field across a solid nanoporous monolith can overcome this challenge. The fundamental mechanisms for such miniature pressure source are reviewed and the fabrication challenges discussed.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
The conceptual basis of graded categories

Two implications of the Conceptual Base View of Categorization (Honeck, Kibler, & Sugar, 1985) were tested. First, to the extent that subjects form similar schemas or conceptual bases, their judgments of the exemplariness of various events should agree, and, second, whether a conceptual base is framed from verbal or pictorial inputs should not matter. To test these implications, subjects were provided different reference stimuli as guides for ranking a set of sentences in terms of how well they illustrated the deeper meaning of the reference stimuli. These stimuli were an excellent verbal instance of the figurative meaning of a proverb, a poor verbal instance of this meaning, an abstract picture representing this meaning, or nothing (control group). The results yielded four lines of evidence that were consistent with the Conceptual Base View.
Dissecting the link between stress fibres and focal adhesions by CALI with EGFP fusion proteins

Dissecting the link between stress fibres and focal adhesions by CALI with EGFP fusion proteins
Algorithms and applications for approximate nonnegative matrix factorization

The development and use of low-rank approximate nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithms for feature extraction and identification in the fields of text mining and spectral data analysis are presented. The evolution and convergence properties of hybrid methods based on both sparsity and smoothness constraints for the resulting nonnegative matrix factors are discussed. The interpretability of NMF outputs in specific contexts are provided along with opportunities for future work in the modification of NMF algorithms for large-scale and time-varying data sets.
Quasi-monoenergetic laser-plasma acceleration of electrons to 2 GeV

Laser-plasma accelerators can produce high-energy electron bunches over just a few centimetres of distance, offering possible table-top accelerator capabilities. Wang et al. break the current 1 GeV barrier by applying a petawatt laser to accelerate electrons nearly monoenergetically up to 2 GeV.
Bor‐Stickstoff‐Verbindungen. LV. Synthese und Eigenschaften von 1,3,2‐Diazaborolinen

Herstellung und Charakterisierung einiger 1,3,2-Diazaboroline werden beschrieben. Der 1,3,2-Diazaborolin-Heterocyclus ist mit dem Cyclopentadienid-Anion isoelektronisch; theoretische und experimentelle Daten ergeben fur die beiden Ringsysteme einander ahnliche Elektronen-delokalisierung. Boron-Nitrogen Compounds. LV. Syntheses and Properties of 1,3,2-Diazaborolins Preparation and characterization of some 1,3,2-diazaborolins are described. The 1,3,2-diazaborolin heterocycle is isoelectronic with the cyclopentadienide anion; theoretical and experimental data indicate similar electron delocalization for the two cited ring systems.
Docetaxel in stage III and IV non-small cell lung cancer

Phase II studies have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of docetaxel in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Docetaxel was administered to patients with stage III and IV NSCLC at a dose of 100 mg/m 2 intravenously over 1 h every 3 weeks. Patients included in these four phase II studies had received either no prior chemotherapy ( n = 114) or treatment with cisplatin- or carboplatincontaining regimens ( n = 57). Major objective response rates were reported in 33–38% of previously untreated evaluable patients and in 21–27% of previously treated evaluable patients. Neutropenia was the most common adverse event. Non-haematological adverse events included hypersensitivity reactions, skin rash, alopecia and fluid retention. Docetaxel demonstrates significant antitumour activity in patients with advanced NSCLC. Further investigations of this agent with corticosteroid premedication, colony-stimulating factors and other agents active in NSCLC are indicated.
Turbulence in Compressible Mixing Layers

The direct numerical simulation (DNS) of two-dimensional compressible turbulent mixing layers is reported in this paper for convective Mach numbers Mc = 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0. All scales of flow are resolved with a 2562 grid, although results are also obtained for 642 , 962 and 1282 grids for the purpose of determining the effective accuracy and grid-independence of our calculations. The effect of Mach number is also reported for all the Reynolds stress tensor components and for the “shear” components of the anisotropy tensor, the dissipation tensor, pressure-strain, and the triple correlation tensor. The short-time behaviors of some of these quantities are similar to those reported by Sarkar (1995) for homogeneous shear flow, in spite of the differences in the problem type and initial and boundary conditions. The relative magnitudes and signs of the unclosed terms in the Reynolds stress equations provide information on those that have to be retained for turbulence modeling as well as the sense of their contribution.
Launch order, launch separation, and loiter in the constellation 1½-launch solution

The NASA Constellation Program (CxP) is developing a two-element Earth-to-Orbit launch system to enable human exploration of the Moon. The first element, Ares I, is a human-rated system that consists of a first stage based on the Space Shuttle Program's solid rocket booster (SRB) and an upper stage that consists of a four-crew Orion capsule, a service module, and a Launch Escape System. The second element, Ares V, is a Saturn V-plus category launch system that consists of the core stage with a cluster of six RS-68B engines and augmented with two 5.5-segment SRBs, a Saturn-derived J-2X engine powering an Earth Departure Stage (EDS), and the lunar-lander vehicle payload, Altair.
Large numbers of individuals are required to classify and define risk for rare variants in known cancer risk genes

Large numbers of individuals are required to classify and define risk for rare variants in known cancer risk genes
EFFECTS OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM ON URINARY OXALATE EXCRETION AFTER OXALATE LOADS

Purpose: Urinary oxalate is a primary determinant of the level of calcium oxalate saturation and the formation of calcium oxalate crystals, a key event in kidney stone formation. The primary objective of this study was to compare the effects of calcium carbonate and magnesium oxide on oxalate absorption. Materials and Methods: An experimental model was used that allowed differentiation between endogenously and oxalate load-derived urinary oxalate. Twenty-four healthy subjects (10 males, 14 females) participated in three oxalate load (OL) tests: control (OL alone), calcium carbonate (OL with concomitant calcium carbonate ingestion), and magnesium oxide (OL with concomitant magnesium oxide ingestion). Oxalate loads consisted of 180 mg. unlabeled and 18 mg. 1,2[ 13 C 2 ] oxalic acid. Timed urine samples were collected after the OL for analysis of oxalate, calcium, magnesium, and creatinine. Results: Both the calcium carbonate and magnesium oxide treatments were associated with significantly lower load-derived oxalate levels at all time points within the initial 24-hour post-oxalate ingestion period compared with levels observed for the control treatment. There were no treatment effects on endogenous oxalate levels. The efficiency of oxalate absorption for the calcium carbonate (5.1%) and magnesium oxide (7.6%) treatments was significantly lower than that for the control treatment (13.5%). Conclusions: The results suggested that magnesium was nearly as effective as calcium in reducing oxalate absorption and urinary excretion. Higher levels of urinary oxalate, calcium, and magnesium in males appeared to be largely a function of body size since gender differences either disappeared or were reversed when a correction was made for urinary creatinine excretion.
Evidence of a mycorrhizal mechanism for the adaptation of Andropogon gerardii (Poaceae) to high- and low-nutrient prairies.

Andropogon gerardii seed obtained from Kansas and Illinois was grown in a controlled environment in their own and each other's soils, with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Each ecotype grew comparatively better in its own soil indicating adaptation to its soil of origin. Overall, A. gerardii benefited more from AMF in low-nutrient Kansas soil than Illinois soil. The two ecotypes, however, did not benefit equally from mycorrhizal infection. The Kansas excotype was three times more responsive to mycorrhizal infection in the Kansas soil than was the Illinois ecotype. Our results indicate that plant adaptation to the nutrient levels of their local soils is likely to be due, at least in part, to a shift in their dependence on mycorrhizal fungi. The Illinois ecotype of A. gerardii has evolved a reduced dependence upon these fungi and greater reliance on a more highly branched root system. In contrast, the Kansas ecotype had a significantly coarser root system and invested proportionately greater carbon in the symbiotic association with AMF as measured by spore production. This study provides the first demonstration that plants can adapt to changing soil nutrient levels by shifting their dependence on AMF. This result has broad implications for ourmore » understanding of the role of these fungi in agricultural systems.« less
Association between cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6) genotype, antipsychotic exposure, and abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS) score

Antipsychotic metabolism cosegregates with the polymorphic cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6) hepatic enzyme. Approximately 5-10% of Caucasians show impaired metabolism associated with nonfunctional alleles. Genotyping determines the number of functional alleles, which is phenotypically not possible. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between CYP2D6 genotype, antipsychotic exposure, and abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS) score. Schizophrenic patients (DSM-IV) were genotyped for CYP2D6*1, *3, and *4 alleles by nested polymerase chain reaction. A complete history, including psychiatric symptoms, medications and AIMS score was obtained. Antipsychotic exposure was recorded in dose years [(chlorpromazine equivalents x years)/100]. A linear regression model used AIMS scores as the dependent variable. Genotype, gender, antipsychotic exposure, and interactions were independent variables. The results of the 31 patients studied showed: 20 were homozygous for the *1 allele (*1/*1) and 11 were heterozygous for the *1 allele (i.e. *1/*3 or *4). Age, sex, age of onset, treatment duration, antipsychotic exposure, and AIMS scores did not differ between groups. The interaction between dose years and genotype was significant (P < 0.0055), demonstrating that for (*1/*1) patients, the magnitude of antipsychotic exposure had a greater effect on AIMS score (slope = 0.044) compared with (*1/*3 or *4) patients (slope = 0.001). These results suggest patients with a *3 or *4 allele may have a higher risk for developing antipsychotic induced abnormal movements.
Cellular events associated with autoimmune oophoritis and ovarian tumorigenesis in neonatally thymectomized mice

Abstract Thymectomy at 3 days of age (Tx-3) in (C3H/HeMs × 129/J)F 1 (C31) female mice results in post-pubertal ovarian dysgenesis associated with high levels of circulating auto-oocyte antibodies (AOA) prior to ovarian tumor formation. Evidence suggests that the etiology for the ovarian dysgenesis resulting from Tx-3 is autoimmune and involves T cell abnormalities. The present study characterized circulating leukocytes and mitogenic activity using concanavalin A (ConA) with serologically selected spleen T cells. We observed no sustained abnormalities in either number of circulating leukocytes or percentages of granulocytes or lymphocytes. Circulating mononuclear cells with positive immunofluorescence for Thy 1.2 and Lyt 1.1 + Lyt 1.2 cell markers were similar in all mice. However, the spleen cells from Tx-3 mice with ovarian dysgenesis remaining after adsorption with antisera to the Lyt 2.1 + Lyt 2.2 antigens (helper T cells remaining) showed increased incorporation of [ 3 H]thymidine compared to the intact mice. This stimulated activity occurred during the periods of early ovarian dysgenesis and active tumor growth. Apparently, the autoimmune oophoritis results from an imbalance within the Lyt 1 cells which may represent a primary insult to the ovary that results in later ovarian tumor development.
Thalamic connections of the primary motor cortex (M1) of owl monkeys

To determine the relative contributions of transthalamic cerebellar and pallidal projections to the primary motor cortex (M1) of owl monkeys, we examined the thalamic labeling resulting from injections of fluorescent tracers and wheatgerm agglutinin/horseradish peroxidase conjugate (WGA-HRP) into regions of M1 identified by intracortical microstimulation. Injections were placed in the major somatotopic divisions of M1 (the hindlimb, trunk, forelimb, and face representations) and in the caudal and rostral M1 subareas. In most cases, we injected several differentiable tracers into different parts of M1. Our results indicate that the strongest connections of M1 are with subdivisions of the ventral lateral thalamus (VL); other connections are mainly with intralaminar nuclei (the central lateral, paracentral, and center median nuclei) and the reticular nucleus. Most projections are reciprocal and topographically organized. M1 is strongly connected with the principal (VLp), medial (VLx), and anterior (VLa) subdivisions of the VL complex but has at most weak connections with the dorsal division (VLd). Each of the major somatotopic divisions of M1 is connected with an anteroposteriorly elongated territory within the VL complex. The connections are somatotopically organized such that the M1 hindlimb representation is connected with a band of cells in the lateral and anterior portions of the VL complex (spanning VLa and VLp), whereas the trunk, forelimb, and face representations are connected with successively more medially and posteriorly situated cell bands (spanning VLa, VLp, and VLx). There is some degree of overlap between the somatotopic territories within VL, although the absence of double-labeled cells in cases with injections of adjacent somatotopic divisions of M1 suggests that individual thalamic neurons project to single somatotopic regions. In addition to somatotopic differences, the connections of the caudal and rostral subdivisions of M1 differ to some extent. Caudal M1 is connected most strongly with VLp, a target of cerebellar projections, but it is also connected with VLa, which receives pallidal inputs. In complementary fashion, rostral M1 is most strongly connected with VLa, but it is also connected with VLp. VLx, a target of cerebellar projections, has significant connections with both caudal and rostral M1. These results indicate that all parts of M1 are influenced by both the cerebellum and globus pallidus in owl monkeys, as has been suggested in some recent studies of macaque monkeys.
Metabolic energy requirements during teleost melanophore adaptations

Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation by 2,4-dinitrophenol or sodium cyanide promotes complete melanosome aggregation in teleost melanophores. This aggregation is not promoted via the α-sympathetic receptor sites because it occurs in the presence of tolazoline hydrochloride, an α-receptor blocking agent. Interpretation of these results suggests metabolic energy release is required in the centrifugal direction only.