cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
"We Signed Up for This!" - Student and Trainee Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic.

“We Signed Up for This!” Students and trainees are experiencing intense anxiety, uncertainty, and anticipatory loss during the Covid-19 pandemic. Many are facing new ethical dilemmas and practical ...
Elucidating the Molecular Interactions of Encapsulated Doxorubicin within a Nonionic, Thermoresponsive Polyester Coacervate

Thermoresponsive polymers that display a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) are attractive drug delivery systems (DDSs) due to their potential to encapsulate and release therapeutics in a s...
Toward standardizing the clinical testing protocols of point-of-care devices for obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis.

In recent years, point-of-care (POC) devices, especially smart wearables, have been introduced to provide a cost-effective, comfortable, and accessible alternative to polysomnography (PSG)—the current gold standard—for the monitoring, screening, and diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Thorough validation and human subject testing are essential steps in the translation of these device technologies to the market. However, every device development group tests their device in their own way. No standard guidelines exist for assessing the performance of these POC devices. The purpose of this paper is to critically distill the key aspects of the various protocols reported in the literature and present a protocol that unifies the best practices for testing wearable and other POC devices for OSA. A limited review and graphical descriptive analytics of literature—including journal articles, web sources, and clinical manuscripts by authoritative agencies in sleep medicine—are performed to glean the testing and validation methods employed for POC devices, specifically for OSA. The analysis suggests that the extent of heterogeneity of the demographics, the performance metrics, subject survey, hypotheses, and statistical analyses need to be carefully considered in a systematic protocol for testing POC devices for OSA. We provide a systematic method and list specific recommendations to extensively assess various performance criteria for human subject testing of POC devices. A rating scale of 1–3 is provided to encourage studies to put a focus on addressing the key elements of a testing protocol.
Emerging Wearable Bioelectronics: Creating a New Era of Personalized Medicine

Here, we will present a class of wearable bioanalytical technologies that can be scaled across the general population to provide noninvasive proxy measures of a spectrum of circulating biomarkers, including metabolites, electrolytes, nutrients, hormones, and pharmaceuticals. Within this context, we will discuss the fundamental and intermeshed engineering bottlenecks and scientific questions that need to be addressed at sensor, device, system, and data analytics levels to facilitate the translation of such technologies into personal health monitoring applications. Toward this vision, we will present an illustrative set of sensor development methodologies, biofluid actuation capabilities, device fabrication, and system integration strategies that we have developed to realize wearable bioanalytical platforms with autonomous functionalities. We will conclude by discussing how through convergent and multidisciplinary efforts (including engineering, medicine, and data science), we can harness such technologies to catalyze the transition from pointof-lab and point-of-care testing to near-continuous point-ofperson monitoring, thus creating a new era of personalized medicine.
Effective fluoride removal using granular bauxite filter media as an affordable and sustainable alternative to activated alumina

Despite centuries of advancements in water treatment, hundreds of millions of people worldwide continue to suffer detrimental health impacts from drinking water with unsafe fluoride levels. Our study compares the performance of low-cost mildly heated bauxite ores and commercial activated alumina (AA) in treating a synthetic groundwater matrix representative of global, fluoride-contaminated aquifers. Batch kinetics studies of fluoride adsorption onto global bauxite ores and AA follow a pseudo-second order rate law, with adsorption increasing exponentially in the first few hours. Fluoride removal efficiencies increase from 73.5% to 85.5% as media particle sizes decrease from 0.6–1.2 mm to <0.1 mm. Column studies demonstrate that increasing the ratio of reactive media in filters from 1 to 100 weight percent increases the volume of treated water from 0.2–56.1 L for Guinea bauxite (GB) and from 0.5–58.3 L for AA. We predict the performance of large-scale columns by modifying the bed depth service time (BDST) model to scale breakthrough time with adsorbent mass rather than with column height. Our modified BDST model predicts that large-scale columns using 1039 kg AA and 1436 kg GB can treat 405 444 L and 338 859 L of potable water in 1.4 and 1.1 months. We also demonstrate application of the rapid small scale column test (RSSCT) model to design smaller lab-scale columns with lower resource, cost, and time inputs by scaling down known field systems parameters including column height, pump flow rate, empty bed contact time, and approach velocity.
Paralleling Operation of 10 kV SiC MOSFET-Based Modular Multi-Level Converters (MMCs) for Scalable Asynchronous Microgrid Power Conditioning System

An asynchronous microgrid (ASMG) with silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET-based power conditioning system (PCS) is an attractive option for future microgrids, which can potentially improve microgrid dynamic performance and grid power quality. To support future microgrids’ needs for higher power, scaling PCS power via paralleling multiple modules or converters is a potential solution. In this paper, a strategy for scalable ASMG PCS operation is proposed. MMC-based PCSs are implemented to demonstrate the proposed strategy, including MMC paralleling operation analysis and corresponding control functions. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the scalable PCS operation at 25 kV rated voltage.
Babesiosis as a Cause of Atraumatic Splenic Injury: Two Case Reports and a Review of Literature

We present two cases of Babesia-induced splenic injury at a single institution. In the late summer, two patients presented with left-sided abdominal pain radiating to the shoulder. They were both found to have hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute splenic infarction on imaging. Blood smears showed intracellular ring forms consistent with Babesia spp. and low parasitemia (<1%). Diagnosis was confirmed by PCR for Babesia microti. Both patients improved with azithromycin and atovaquone, without blood products or surgical intervention. Several weeks following treatment, repeat blood smears revealed no parasites. Splenic infarct and hemorrhage have been previously reported as rare complications of babesiosis. However, given the steady rise in Babesia microti cases in the USA, even these rare complications will become more prevalent. We review both the diagnosis and management of Babesia-induced splenic complications, which can be challenging in patients with low-level parasitemia. Clinicians should consider babesiosis as a cause of atraumatic splenic injury.
Doping and Defects in ZnO

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the defects in zinc oxide (ZnO). ZnO is a wide bandgap semiconductor material with numerous present applications, such as varistors and surface acoustic wave devices, and future applications, including UV light-emitting diodes and transparent field-effect transistors. However, all of these applications are either dependent upon, or are affected by, impurities and defects. It considers donor-type impurities H, Al, Ga, and In; and acceptor-type impurities N, P, As, and Sb. Among defects, it concentrates on Zn interstitials, Zn vacancies, O vacancies, and complexes of each. The main experimental techniques discussed in the chapter include temperature-dependent Hall-effect and low-temperature photoluminescence measurements, because they can alone provide donor and acceptor concentrations, and donor energies. Surface conduction is important in the Hall-effect analysis of annealed samples, and it is included by means of a two-layer analysis. The important topic of p-type ZnO is considered in some detail, especially in connection with the most useful acceptor dopants.
Pharmacological Actions of Recombinant Human Nerve Growth Factor on Lesioned Central Cholinergic Neurons: Rationale for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by an extensive degeneration of the cholinergic system of the human septo-hippocampal pathway (Collerton, 1986) which is correlated with severe deficits of cognitive functions (Perry et al., 1978). It has been well established that in AD there are decreases of cholinergic function and cholinergic markers associated with this pathway. These deficits include the loss of cholinergic cell bodies in the basal forebain (Whitehouse et al., 1982; Arendt et al., 1983) and decreased choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in the basal forebrain and hippocampal formation (Perry et al., 1978; Araujo et al., 1988). In addition, the ability of hippocampal cholinergic neurons to synthesize acetylcholine (ACh) is decreased (Sims et al., 1980) possibly due to a reduction in the uptake of choline via the high affinity choline uptake system (Rylett et al., 1983).
Neurotransmitter colocalization and circadian rhythms.

Publisher Summary Circadian clocks are responsible for much of the daily rhythmicity observed in organisms and neurons that colocalize multiple neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are capable of processing and communicating a great deal of information. This chapter describes the relationship between the neurotransmitter colocalization and circadian rhythms. Two fundamental properties of these clocks keep an individual's behavior appropriately timed with the environment; first, circadian clocks are genetically programmed with a cycle length that is slightly longer or shorter than 24 h, and the second essential property of circadian clocks is their ability to become synchronized with the 24-h day–night cycle. Neurons that colocalize multiple neurotransmitters are capable of processing and communicating a great deal of information. A major challenge to understand the function of colocalized neurotransmitters is to define how internal and external factors regulate the chemical composition of the cocktail of neurotransmitters released by these neurons. There is considerable evidence that vaso-active intestinal peptide (VIP), peptide histidine isoleucine-27 (PHI), and gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) play significant roles in circadian timekeeping. The ratio hypothesis proposed in the chapter provides a theoretical framework for investigating the role of these peptides in the synchronization of circadian rhythms.
Description of a new species of Leiopathes (Antipatharia: Leiopathidae) from the Hawaiian Islands.

The Hawaiian antipatharian coral previously identified as Leiopathes glaberrima (Esper, 1792) and Leiopathes sp. is described using polyp morphology, skeletal spine morphology and in situ photographs, and assigned the new name of Leiopathes annosa sp. nov. The species is characterized by tall (1 m or more), fan-shaped colonies, with thick, sometimes overlapping branches, and tissues that are colored bright orange when alive. Skeletal spines are smooth, hemispherical, often times multi-lobed, and typically 75 μm tall, but range between 30–225 μm. Polyps are of variable size (0.88–3.35 mm) and arranged on all sides of the corallum on thicker branches, and uniserially on terminal branches. Leiopathes annosa sp. nov differs from all other nominal species of Leiopathes by having a generally flabellate corallum with thick branches and conspicuous skeletal spines that are multi-lobed and hemispherical. The biogeographical distribution of species within the monogeneric family Leiopathidae is presented and discussed.
Fuzzy-Algebra Uncertainty Analysis for Abnormal-Environment Safety Assessment

Many safety analyses depend on uncertain inputs and on mathematical models chosen from various alternatives, but give fixed results implying no uncertainty. Conventional uncertainty analyses help, but are also based on assumptions and models, the accuracy of which may be difficult to assure. Some of the models and assumptions that on cursory examination seem reasonable can be misleading. As a result, quantitative assessments, even those accompanied by uncertainty measures, can give unwarranted impressions of accuracy. Because analysis results can be a major contributor to a safety-measure decision process, risk management depends on relating uncertainty to only the information available. The uncertainties due to abnormal environments are even more challenging than those in normal-environment safety assessments, and therefore require an even more cautious approach. A fuzzy-algebra analysis is proposed in this article that has the potential to appropriately reflect the information available and portray uncertainties well, especially for abnormal environments.
Reliability and Failure Analysis

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Failure Times and Acceleration Factors Distribution Functions Reliability Concerns Failure Analysis Characterization Techniques Strengths and Weaknesses Appendix 12.1 Gate Currents References Problems Review Questions
Path-Independence of Work Done Theorem Is Invalid in Center-Bound Force Fields

Abstract: The notion of work done, and the corresponding to it concept of potential energy, was incompletely defined making the path independence theorem of work done by center-bound force fields invalid for other than radial/conservative forces. Hence nonradial effects along equipotential surfaces, whose presence was suggested by experiments, can exist. New, mathematically complete representation of work done by center-bound force fields (generated by a single source) is offered.
Changing indications for hysterectomy in the climacteric woman.

HE development of a satisfactory t,herapeutic regimen for correction of any physical abnormality depends not only upon its effectiveness but upon the safety with which it may be employed. Compromises in selection of treatment may become necessary if one method, in some respects less desirable than another, offers a solution while exposing the patient to a substantially lower risk. This becomes of particular importance in the management of benign conditions which may be in themselves less lethal than the therapy designed to correct them. The belief of one of us l, 2 that the production of irradiation menopause was the preferable method for controlling most cases of benign climacteric uterine bleeding was based primarily upon the fact that the mortality associated with any type of hysterectomy was far higher than that following irradiation and possibly even higher t,han the potential deaths from malignancy which might develop in the retained uterus. As more and more such irradiated patients were observed and compared with others who because of contraindications to castration had been managed by hysterectomy, it became apparent that those in the latter group were by and large in better physizal and mental condition than the former. In addition the presence of the uterus made frequent examinations mandatory, as well as, in those who at any time after irradiation developed an abnormal discha.rge -from the vagina, hospitalization for diagnostic dilatation and curettage. In the absence of the cervix and uterus discharge from lesions such as atropic vaginitis was less of a diagnostic and therapeutic problem since uterine malignancy as a cause was impossible. We have noted in our own practice a trend away from irradiation for t,he cont,rol of abnormal bleeding in these women and in order tcl evaluate t,he results of this change the records of the patients presented here were analyzed. Material and Results
Intergenerational Effects of Parents’ Math Anxiety on Children’s Math Achievement and Anxiety

A large field study of children in first and second grade explored how parents’ anxiety about math relates to their children’s math achievement. The goal of the study was to better understand why some students perform worse in math than others. We tested whether parents’ math anxiety predicts their children’s math achievement across the school year. We found that when parents are more math anxious, their children learn significantly less math over the school year and have more math anxiety by the school year’s end—but only if math-anxious parents report providing frequent help with math homework. Notably, when parents reported helping with math homework less often, children’s math achievement and attitudes were not related to parents’ math anxiety. Parents’ math anxiety did not predict children’s reading achievement, which suggests that the effects of parents’ math anxiety are specific to children’s math achievement. These findings provide evidence of a mechanism for intergenerational transmission of low math achievement and high math anxiety.
Use of indium 111-labeled white blood cell scan in the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus pneumonia in a renal transplant recipient with a normal chest roentgenogram.

Opportunistic infections are common in patients after renal transplantation. This report describes a case of cytomegalovirus pneumonia in a renal transplant recipient with a normal chest roentgenogram and normal arterial oxygenation. An abnormal 111In-white blood cell scan led to the discovery of a pulmonary source of his recurrent fevers. (Chest 1991; 99:761–63)
Comparative analysis of abortion in Ireland, Poland, and the United States

Abstract Abortion is a gendered concept in modern society, and its arbitrary or partial denial to, or enforcement upon, women is a mark of their second-class citizenship in western industrialized nations purporting to be democratic. Therefore, state and cultural abortion policies as different as those in Ireland, Poland, and the United States reveal a common gendered pattern of male dominance over women's sexuality and reproductive capacities. This article argues that none of the existing theories about the state, civil, or free societies provides adequate models explaining women's second-class citizenship as it relates to abortion or for ending that status. In part, this is because reproduction is considered the primary reason for traditional female subordination by state or in the family. At the same time, feminists have not generally advanced their own claims to abortion in terms of citizenship or human rights in any of these countries. Instead, they have asserted their right to be voluntary rather than involuntary mothers—an argument that does little to advance the standard view of all women as potential “carrying” vessels or “walking wombs” performing a state, religious, or societal function that they cannot be entirely trusted to determine for themselves. Abortion must be separated from stereotypical notions of motherhood and placed in the broader context of female sexuality, citizenship, and human rights. More cross-boundary dialogue about the common backlash forces at work in Ireland, Poland, and the United States is in order because feminism is not simply about abortion, and abortion, as it turns out, is not simply about abortion.
Math, monkeys, and the developing brain

Thirty thousand years ago, humans kept track of numerical quantities by carving slashes on fragments of bone. It took approximately 25,000 y for the first iconic written numerals to emerge among human cultures (e.g., Sumerian cuneiform). Now, children acquire the meanings of verbal counting words, Arabic numerals, written number words, and the procedures of basic arithmetic operations, such as addition and subtraction, in just 6 y (between ages 2 and 8). What cognitive abilities enabled our ancestors to record tallies in the first place? Additionally, what cognitive abilities allow children to rapidly acquire the formal mathematics knowledge that took our ancestors many millennia to invent? Current research aims to discover the origins and organization of numerical information in humans using clues from child development, the organization of the human brain, and animal cognition.
Role for radA/sms in Recombination Intermediate Processing in Escherichia coli

RadA/Sms is a highly conserved eubacterial protein that shares sequence similarity with both RecA strand transferase and Lon protease. We examined mutations in the radA/sms gene of Escherichia coli for effects on conjugational recombination and sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, including UV irradiation, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), mitomycin C, phleomycin, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyurea (HU). Null mutants of radA were modestly sensitive to the DNA-methylating agent MMS and to the DNA strand breakage agent phleomycin, with conjugational recombination decreased two- to threefold. We combined a radA mutation with other mutations in recombination genes, including recA, recB, recG, recJ, recQ, ruvA, and ruvC. A radA mutation was strongly synergistic with the recG Holliday junction helicase mutation, producing profound sensitivity to all DNA-damaging agents tested. Lesser synergy was noted between a mutation in radA and recJ, recQ, ruvA, ruvC, and recA for sensitivity to various genotoxins. For survival after peroxide and HU exposure, a radA mutation surprisingly suppressed the sensitivity of recA and recB mutants, suggesting that RadA may convert some forms of damage into lethal intermediates in the absence of these functions. Loss of radA enhanced the conjugational recombination deficiency conferred by mutations in Holliday junction-processing function genes, recG, ruvA, and ruvC. A radA recG ruv triple mutant had severe recombinational defects, to the low level exhibited by recA mutants. These results establish a role for RadA/Sms in recombination and recombinational repair, most likely involving the stabilization or processing of branched DNA molecules or blocked replication forks because of its genetic redundancy with RecG and RuvABC.
The complex variable boundary element method: Applications in determining approximative boundaries

Abstract The complex variable boundary element method (CVBEM) is used to determine approximation functions for boundary value problems of the Laplace equation such as occurs in potential theory. By determining an approximative boundary upon which the CVBEM approximator matches the desired constant (level curves) boundary conditions, the CVBEM is found to provide the exact solution throughout the interior of the transformed problem domain. Thus, the acceptability of the CVBEM approximation is determined by the closeness-of-fit of the approximative boundary to the study problem boundary.
Public Goods, Social Pressure, and the Choice between Privacy and Publicity

We model privacy as an agent's choice of action being unobserv able to others. An agent derives utility from his action, the aggregate of agents' actions, and other agents' perceptions of his type. If his action is unobservable, he takes his full-information optimal action and is pooled with other types, while if observable, then he distorts it to enhance others' perceptions of him. This increases the public good, but the disutility from distortion is a social cost. When the disutility of distortion is high (low) relative to the marginal utility of the public good, a policy of privacy (publicity) is optimal. (JEL D82, H41) We develop and explore a new model of the economics of privacy. Individuals with private information about an immutable personal attribute (the agent's "type") engage in actions that have a private benefit, contribute to a public good (bad) and, if observable, may reveal the agent's type resulting in social approval (disap proval) or increased (decreased) future trading opportunities. We consider "privacy of action" as a limitation on the public observability of an individual agent's choice of activity level, and characterize conditions under which it is socially preferable
HOMOGENEOUS RABBIT 7S ANTI-IGG WITH ANTIBODY SPECIFICITY FOR PEPTIDOGLYCAN

The relationship between 7S anti-IgG and antibodies to streptococcal cell wall peptidoglycan was examined for four streptococcal Group C antisera. Homogeneous 7S anti-IgG components in these sera were isolated by means of an IgG immunoadsorbent column. For two of the four antisera, the anti-peptidoglycan activity of the 7S anti-IgG had specificity for the pentapeptide, L-Ala-D-Glu-γ-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala, the antigenic determinant of peptidoglycan, as well as for the Fc of IgG. Detailed studies on the 7S anti-IgG from one of the antisera revealed that the pentapeptide inhibited the coprecipitation reaction of 7S anti-IgG R3387 with antigen-antibody complexes and the precipitin reaction between 7S anti-IgG R3387 and its anti-idiotype serum.
Retronasal odor concentration coding in glomeruli of the rat olfactory bulb

The mammalian olfactory system processes odorants presented orthonasally (inhalation through the nose) and also retronasally (exhalation), enabling identification of both external as well as internal objects during food consumption. There are distinct differences between ortho- and retronasal air flow patterns, psychophysics, multimodal integration, and glomerular responses. Recent work indicates that rats can also detect odors retronasally, that rats can associate retronasal odors with tastes, and that their olfactory bulbs (OBs) can respond to retronasal odorants but differently than to orthonasal odors. To further characterize retronasal OB input activity patterns, experiments here focus on determining the effects of odor concentration on glomerular activity by monitoring calcium activity in the dorsal OB of rats using a dextran-conjugated calcium-sensitive dye in vivo. Results showed reliable concentration-response curves that differed between odorants, and recruitment of additional glomeruli, as odor concentration increased. We found evidence of different concentration-response functions between glomeruli, that in turn depended on odor. Further, the relation between dynamics and concentration differed remarkably among retronasal odorants. These dynamics are suggested to reduce the odor map ambiguity based on response amplitude. Elucidating the coding of retronasal odor intensity is fundamental to the understanding of feeding behavior and the neural basis of flavor. These data further establish and refine the rodent model of flavor neuroscience.
Tamoxifen in Axillary Node-Negative Breast Cancer: Multisystem Benefits and Risks

Adjuvant tamoxifen therapy is associated with modest improvement in disease-free and overall survival in women with invasive axillary node-negative breast cancer. The preponderance of data supporting these general conclusions are from trials in postmenopausal women; in premenopausal women data appear convincing regarding disease-free, hut not overall, survival. Firm conclusions regarding magnitude of benefit related to presence of different prognostic factors cannot be drawn at present.In postmenopausal women tamoxifen appears to alter favorably some risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis, which are the most common causes of mortality or morbidity in older American women. Adjuvant tamoxifen is associated with a significantly reduced risk of second primary breast cancer. Major serious risks of tamoxifen therapy include depression, and possibly thrombophlebitis and uterine endometrial cancer. Symptomatic vasomotor and gynecological side effects are frequent. Decision making with women sho...
Nuclear power supplies in orbit

Abstract There are four dozen potentially dangerous radioactive satellites orbiting the Earth today. Currently planned launches will vastly increase their number, resulting in over three metric tons of fuel and fission products in orbit by the year 2000. This article describes the nuclear power supply systems used by both the USA and the USSR, and the actual and potential hazards and accidents involved. The author suggests that a programme for retrieving the majority of nuclear supplies in space is both necessary and economically possible.
Implications from Aphasia for the Syntax of Null-Subject Sentences: Underlying Subject Slots in Bulgarian

Evidence for the existence of an underlying sentence-initial subject slot for Bulgarian null-subject personal constructions can be found in two aberrant tendencies by a Bulgarian patient with aphasia. In response to test sentences consisting of personal constructions that contained an object pronominal clitic and no lexical subject, the patient tended either to insert a superfluous sentence-initial pronominal subject, or to place the object pronominal clitic left-adjacent to the verb, in the position that it would have occupied had a sentence-initial overt subject been present.
Aircraft observations of the effects of internal gravity waves on ozone over the western North Atlantic

A series of wave-like patterns in ozone mixing ratio, potential temperature, and dew point were observed during aircraft horizontal sampling at a constant elevation of approximately 1700 m over the Gulf of Maine and the western North Atlantic. Several hypotheses about the cause for such phenomena are examined. Both the observational evidence and a simple theoretical analysis suggest that the most likely explanation is the atmospheric perturbation associated with internal gravity waves trapped in a stable boundary layer.
Na+,K+-ATPase Inhibitors in Rat Urine: Origins and Physiological Significance

To identify the origins and structures of mammalian tissue-derived Na+,K+-ATPase inhibitors, we investigated the tissue distribution of inhibitors in rats. Among many tissues tested, urine was found to contain high levels of many inhibitors. The structures of the two major inhibitors were identified as neoconvalloside and periplogenin monorhamnoside, which are derivatives of strophanthidin. Urinary levels of these inhibitors, however, decreased considerably after changing the diet from the regular diet to purified synthetic diet, suggesting that the majority of the urinary inhibitors are of dietary origin. Investigation of the ingredients of the diet further revealed that alfalfa meal and ground oats are the major sources of these cardiac glycosides. As to the physiological relevance of the cardiac glycosides, a low concentration (1–50 nM) of ouabain dose-dependently enhanced aldosterone secretion from adrenal glomerulosa cells by an increase in local renin release. Ouabain was also found to be involved i...
the nature and frequency of medicare/medicaid fraud and neutralization techniques among speech, occupational, and physical therapists

ABSTRACT The current study examines the nature and frequency of Medicare/Medicaid fraud and the techniques of neutralization utilized by a purposeful sample of speech, occupational, and physical therapists working within the context of hospitals, nursing homes, and with home health agencies, in a southern state. Participant observations, surveys, and in-depth interviews were utilized to obtain data for this study. We identified two main fraudulent practices, cutting sessions short while charging for the entire session and charging individual session rates for group therapy sessions. We also identified three techniques of neutralization utilized by the therapists in our study, including: (1) everyone else does it, (2) denial of responsibility, and (3) denial of injury. The implications of our findings are discussed.
Identification of co-occurring insertions in cancer genomes using association analysis

Collections of tumour genomes created by insertional mutagenesis experiments, e.g., the Retroviral Tagged Cancer Gene Database RTCGD, can be analysed to find connections between mutations of specific genes and cancer. Such connections are found by identifying the locations of insertions or groups of insertions that frequently occur in the collection of tumour genomes. Recent work has employed a kernel density approach to find such commonly occurring insertions or co-occurring pairs of insertions. Unfortunately, this approach is extremely compute intensive for pairs of insertions and even more intractable for triples, etc. We present a technique that can efficiently find commonly co-occurring sets of insertions or other genomic features of any length by applying Association Analysis AA frequent pattern mining techniques from data mining. A comparison to the kernel density approach on RTCGD is provided, as well as results of the association approach on two other tumour data sets.
Prehistoric Graph in Modal Derivations and Self-Referentiality

By terms-allowed-in-formulas capacity, Artemov's Logic of Proofs LP Artemov includes self-referential formulas of the form t:?(t) that play a crucial role in the realization of modal logic S4 in LP, and in the Brouwer---Heyting---Kolmogorov semantics of intuitionistic logic via LP. In an earlier work appeared in the Proceedings of CSR 2010 the author defined prehistoric loop in a sequent calculus of S4, and verified its necessity to self-referentiality in S4?LP realization. In this extended version we generalize results there to T and K4, two modal logics smaller than S4 that yet call for self-referentiality in their realizations into corresponding justification logics JT and J4.
The isozyme-specific effects of cyclooxygenase-deficiency on bone in mice.

Abstract Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays a critical role in skeletal physiology and bone loss. PGE2 production is regulated in vivo by at least two cyclooxygenase (COX) isozymes, COX-1 and COX-2. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo effects of the selective deletion of COX-1 or COX-2 on bone mineral density (BMD), bone microarchitecture and bone strength in wild type (WT), COX-1−/− and COX-2−/− mice. Using a LUNAR PIXImus, BMD was measured in 18 (WT), 18 COX-1−/− and 16 COX-2−/− mice. COX-1−/− mice exhibited significantly higher BMD (0.0506 g/cm2 ± 0.0014 g/cm2) than either WT (0.0493 g/cm2 ± 0.0019, P ≤ 0.05) or COX-2−/− (0.0473 g/cm2 ± 0.0034, P ≤ 0.01) mice. COX-2−/− mice had significantly lower BMD than WT (P ≤ 0.01) or COX-1−/− (P ≤ 0.01). Flexure stress of the femurs, determined by breaking the bones with three-point bending, correlated with bone density. Although plasma levels of both Ca2+ and PTH were comparable in wild type and COX-1−/− mice, both were elevated in COX-2−/− mice consistent with primary hyperparathyroidism. These studies suggest that COX enzymes are important regulators of BMD and bone strength in mice. The beneficial effect of absence of the COX-1 enzyme on skeletal parameters may be secondary to decreases in PGE2. On the other hand, primary hyperparathyroidism and lower bone magnesium content may account for the lower BMD and impairments in bone strength of COX-2−/− mice. Further elucidation of the effects of the COX pathway on bone remodeling may provide important information on potential therapeutic targets for preventing and/or treating osteoporosis.
Aspirations and Well-Being in a Prison Setting1

The relationship between the content of goals and well-being depends both on whether goals are congruent with inner psychological needs (Kasser & Ryan, 1993, 1996a) and whether goals are supported in one's environment. The current study examines how the pursuit of 6 different goals relates to the psychological well-being of maximum security prisoners. The relative centrality of goals supported in prison, such as physical health, was generally positively related to well-being, whereas the pursuit of goals not supported in prison, such as self-acceptance and affiliation, was negatively related to well-being. Discussion focuses on the importance of considering goals in the context of people's environment.
Resistance to epinephrine stress in the dog.

Summary1. The repetitive daily administration of epinephrine in the dog results in a progressively diminished eosinopenic response.2. During the state of epinephrine resistance, there is neither a depletion of endogenous ACTH nor an exhaustion of the adrenal cortex.3. Adaptation of the organism to epinephrine stress with decreased tissue utilization of corticoids seems to most satisfactorily explain the phenomenon of epinephrine resistance at the present time.4. Demonstration of resistance to epinephrine speaks against epinephrine as the only physiological stimulus for the continuous secretion of ACTH.
U.S. Children's Picture Books and the Homonormative Subject

The author examines the role U.S. lesbian- and gay-themed children's picture books play in the deployment of a homonormative subject, how that deployment occurs, and what the consequences are of such a deployment for children; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI) communities; and the larger society. The author, through use of queer theory and intersectionality, finds that the homonormative subject is a technology used to reaffirm a heteronormative agenda. That is, by depoliticizing and demobilizing segments of the LGBTQI community through nominal societal acceptance heterosexist and other interlocking forms of oppression are allowed to remain intact.
LABOR IMMIGRATION IN FRANCE, 1946–19651

ABSTRACT Labor migrations from the Mediterranean basin to Northwest Europe have been a major feature of the cultural geography of the continent in the years since World War II. In France, these movements have concerned permanent immigrants, occupied initially in agriculture and mining and later in construction and heavy industry, and seasonal immigrants, employed almost exclusively in agriculture, as well as Algerians, who customarily move freely between the two countries. Among the permanent and seasonal immigrant workers, Italians were long the dominant nationality, but they have been largely replaced in recent years by Spanish and Portuguese groups. Regionally, the permanent and Algerian immigrants are heavily concentrated around Paris and in the industrial regions of the North, Lorraine, and the Rhone Valley, whereas the location of seasonal workers may be closely correlated with the distribution of certain labor-intensive crops. A complex set of economic, political, and cultural factors interact, bot...
Technology, theory, and the alleviation of human suffering: We still have such a long way to go

Behavior therapy promised more adequate behavior change technologies through scientific validation, more adequate theories of behavior change, and widespread social betterment and alleviation of human suffering. The promise of scientific validation has been fulfilled, but the technical and theoretical progressivity of the field is still limited due to an emphasis on empirical method over an understanding of change processes. Creating widespread alleviation of suffering will require more attention to technical and theoretical progressivity and the practical demands of the health care system.
Distributed Lag Estimation of Harmonic Motion in the Hog Market

The harmonic motion model as explanation of some markets' behavior is an alternative to the cobweb model. A distributed lag technique for estimating harmonic motion is presented. Results are consistent with the four-year period observed in the hog cycle; an inference about farmers' expectations can be made from the results.
Average Frobenius distribution of elliptic curves

The Sato-Tate conjecture asserts that given an elliptic curve without complex multiplication, the primes whose Frobenius elements have their trace in a given interval (2α √ p, 2β √ p) have density given by 2 π R β α √ 1− t2 dt. We prove that this conjecture is true on average in a more general setting.
Synthesis and chemical reactivity of indenoisoxazoles

Treatment of 2-pivaloyl-1,3-indandione (1) with hydroxylamine under acidic conditions, results in formation of 8-t-butylindeno[1,2-c]isoxazol-7-one (2) while treatment of the triketone with hydroxylamine at neutral or basic pH gave 6 which upon cyclization gave the isomeric 3-t-butylindeno[1,2-c]isoxazol-4-one (7). Compound 7 was readily reduced to amine 12 by treatment with hydrazine or hydrogen over platinum. The amine, although quite unreactive, was converted to 3-t-butylindeno[1,2-c]pyrazol-4-one (13) with hydrazine or reduced to 15 and 16 with sodium in liquid ammonia and alcohol. Surprisingly, the amine 3 obtained from isoxazole 2 gave reduction product 15 from a sodium-liquid ammonia reduction and not the expected product 18. Spectral evidence for each of the structures is discussed.
An assay to quantitate reducible cysteines from nanograms of GST-fusion proteins

Abstract Cysteine residues in proteins are targets of numerous post-translational modifications and play important roles in protein structure and enzymatic function. Consequently, understanding the full biochemistry of proteins depends on determining the oxidation state and availability of the residues to be modified. We have developed a highly sensitive assay that accurately determines the number of unmodified cysteine residues in GST-fusion proteins. Only picomoles of protein are required for each reaction, which are carried out in 96-well glutathione-coated plates. Free unmodified cysteine residues are labeled and quantified using biotin and HRP-conjugated streptavidin. Our assay can be used to quantify reactions targeting sulfhydryl groups in proteins. We demonstrate this assay using full-length and truncation mutants of the SNARE proteins syntaxin1A, SNAP-25B, and synaptobrevin2, which have 0–4 cysteines. We are able to accurately determine the number of cysteine residues in each protein and follow the modification of these cysteines by oxidation and reaction with NEM ( N- ethylmaleimide). This assay is as simple as running an ELISA or Western blot and, because of its high resolution, should allow detailed analysis of the chemistry of cysteine residues in proteins.
Davidson’s Transcendental Externalism

One of the chief aims of Donald Davidson's later work was to show that participation in a certain causal nexus involving two creatures and a shared environment–Davidson calls this nexus “triangulation”–is a metaphysically necessary condition for the acquisition of thought. This doctrine, I suggest, is aptly regarded as a form of what I call transcendental externalism. I extract two arguments for the transcendental-externalist doctrine from Davidson's writings, and argue that neither succeeds. A central interpretive claim is that the arguments are primarily funded by a particular conception of the nature of non-human animal life. This conception turns out to be insupportable. The failure of Davidson's arguments presses the question of whether we could ever hope to arrive at far-reaching claims about the conditions for thought if we deny, as does Davidson, the legitimacy of the naturalistic project in the philosophy of mind.
Persistence of the implicit influence of NL: the case of the pseudo-passive

This paper re-examines the case of the 'pseudo-passive', an interlanguage structure considered to be typical of Li-Chinese learners of L2 English (Schachter and Rutherford 1979; Rutherford 1983; Yip 1995; Yip and Matthews 1995). Earlier approaches to the analysis of the structure, i.e. typological (Schachter and Rutherford 1979; Rutherford 1983) and syntactic (Yip 1995; Yip and Matthews 1995), are reviewed and an alternative approach, i.e. discourse-syntactic, is proposed to bridge a methodological gap left from the earlier studies. This approach is subsequently adopted for analysing the structure found in a two-year longitudinal database consisting of the written data produced independently by two adult speakers of advanced L1-Chinese-L2 English interlanguage. The study shows that the pseudo-passive is driven by a topic-comment function and structure in the Li, which confirms the understanding reached by the earlier research. More importantly, however, it provides evidence that the 'pseudo-passive' is reincarnated into a target-like passive as a result of increased syntacticization, thereby showing the persistence of the L1 influence
New active queue management mechanism for Web traffic

In this work, we devise and study the performance of a new active queue management mechanism for Web traffic to more intelligently select packets to drop incipient of network congestion. The proposed mechanism specifically targets short-lived or fragile flows (e.g., most HTTP flows) to keep link utilization high while reducing the HTTP response time. The goal of the proposed active queue management scheme is to protect new TCP flows and TCP flows that have packet dropped recently from potential network congestion, thus achieving better response times. Our simulation studies have compared the performance of RED and the proposed AQM for a network with only HTTP traffic at loads less, close to, and more than the network capacity. Simulations show that a subsidy given to a flow that that is in its initial stage provides significantly better performance in terms of HTTP request-reply delays without sacrificing the link utilization. The new scheme is very simple to implement. It contains one additional control parameter to RED, and the tuning of this parameter is simple. Since most HTTP flows are short-lived, only the state information for a subset of active flows needs to be maintained for a very short period of time, and then all the resources used for keeping the state information can be reclaimed.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Bearings-only tracking in a distributed sensor network using reduced sufficient statistics

A distributed parameter estimation algorithm is presented for a general nonlinear measurement model with additive Gaussian noise. We show that the Bayes-closed estimation algorithm developed by Kulhavy, when extended to the multisensor case leads to a linear fusion rule, regardless of the form of a local a posteriori densities. Specifically, the Kulhavy algorithm generates a set of reduced sufficient statistics representing the local sensor densities, which are simply added and subtracted at the global processor to obtain optimum fusion. We discuss various approximations to the Bayes-closed algorithm which leads to a practical parameter estimator for the nonlinear measurement model, and apply such an approximate technique to the bearings-only tracking problem. The performance of the distributed tracker is compared to an alternative algorithm based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) implemented in modified polar coordinates. It is shown that the Bayes-closed estimator does not diverge in the sense of an ordinary EKF, and hence the Bayes-closed technique can be employed in both a unidirectional and bidirectional transmission mode.
Holland's theory: “Pushing the envelope”

Abstract These articles, while in the tradition of previous research on Holland's theory, prompt the reader to reconsider traditional views of that theory. The authors raise issues regarding the form of the hexagon and the information conveyed by it. Their research findings suggest to this reader the need to think more carefully about Holland's theory and its implications when utilizing the constructs of calculus and congruence.
Using a higher cutoff for the percentage of HER2+ cells decreases interobserver variability in the interpretation of HER2 immunohistochemical analysis.

The effect of using a 30% cutoff for the proportion of HER2+ cells on the interobserver variability in the interpretation of HER2 immunohistochemical results was evaluated. Immunostained sections from 96 cases of breast carcinoma were reviewed by 10 pathologists and scored as positive (3+) when uniform strong membranous staining was identified in at least 10% of tumor cells; the actual percentage of cells with such staining was also estimated. The agreement rates and the κ values using a 30% cutoff were compared with those using a 10% cutoff. These proved to be higher in 62% and 66% of measurements, respectively, with average interobserver rates and κ values of 72% and 0.54 using the 30% cutoff and 70% and 0.49 using the 10% cutoff ( P = .001 for all comparisons). Using a 30% cutoff for the percentage of HER2+ cells by immunohistochemical analysis modestly decreased interobserver variability in the interpretation of HER2 immunohistochemical results.