cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Consistent processing and long term stability of CdTe devices

A technology for processing of thin film CdS/CdTe devices has been developed in our laboratory. This in-line, continuous, pilot system enables unique processing steps and conditions not available with batch processing and allows the fabrication of a large number of devices. Results from the pilot scale system are applicable to systems processing larger areas. Utilizing the pilot system, significant progress has been made towards demonstrating consistent stability (resistance to degradation) for thin film CdTe photovoltaics. We have repeatedly shown that devices with good stability can be produced if processed at the optimum set of conditions. Small changes in processes can lead to significant differences in device stability. Among the processing steps for fabrication of CdTe devices, the CdCl/sub 2/ treatment has a significant effect on performance and stability. A metric has been developed to predict the stability of devices at the time of device fabrication. Accelerated stress testing is ongoing. Extremely long duration stress testing (65/spl deg/C, open circuit conditions for /spl sim/30,000 hours with 5 hours of illumination out of 8 hour cycle) has demonstrated that the rate of efficiency loss levels out with final efficiencies in the range of 8.5% /spl sim/ 9.5%. A production prototype system for processing nominally 2 MW/yr. is currently under construction. This system utilizes the process definition developed in the pilot system.
Microtubule Motors in Cell and Tissue Function

The sections in this article are: 1 Why Motors—and Where—in Tissues? 2 Basic Cellular Motor Mechanisms 3 Organization of Microtubules in Tissues 4 Organelle-Motor Complexes 5 Microtubule Motor Structure 6 Mechanism of Conversion of ATP Energy into Motility 7 Summary
Diagnosis isn't enough: Understanding the connections between high health care utilization, chronic conditions and disabilities among U.S. working age adults.

Abstract Background Under the ACA, new programs are being developed to enhance care coordination and reduce health care costs among people with chronic conditions, disabilities, and high utilization of health care. However, the relationships between these groups are not well understood. Objectives Our aims were to (1) identify high utilizers of health care in the U.S. working age (18–64) population, (2) examine the overlap between this group and people with chronic conditions and/or disabilities, (3) identify predictors of high service use or cost among these subpopulations, and (4) recommend approaches for stratification of individuals with high health care utilization. Methods Using pooled national data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2006–2008), we created indices to identify elevated or high utilization and cost groups. We performed descriptive analyses, bivariate comparisons and multivariate analyses to examine the relations between these populations and individuals with chronic conditions and/or disabilities. Results While the large majority of persons with high use/cost had chronic conditions, the minority of persons with chronic conditions had high health care utilization. However, among persons with chronic conditions, disability was a significant predictor of high utilization. Annual expenditures were significantly elevated among people with disabilities, particularly when activities of daily living were limited. Conclusions We conclude that medical diagnosis alone is insufficient for the development of eligibility criteria for, or the evaluation of, programs intended to better the delivery or coordination of services for high utilizers of health care services. New approaches are needed to assess functional limitations and identify ongoing needs for services and supports.
Teaching Retirement Financial Literacy in an Undergraduate Gerontology Classroom: Broadening the Concept of the Tripod or Three-Legged Stool of Retirement Income Utilizing Active Learning

The three-legged stool concept is widely used in gerontological and geriatric education as an explanation on how one should fiscally approach his or her retirement. Financial managers, planners, retirees, business owners, even the Social Security Administration uses this metaphor of fiscal soundness in retirement planning. Gerontologists are moving away from the “tripod of retirement income” and “three-legged stool” term, as more often market work is needed for financial security. This activity focuses on the tripod or three-legged stool concepts of retirement planning using active learning, allowing the students to work collaboratively in a group, reflect upon the activity, and most importantly have fun. The game also allows for an expansion of the tripod concepts into the four pillars of economic security, broaching the use of personal assets and the possible need for longer employment. Game scenarios also emphasize macro- and microlevel forces, such as race, gender, health status, education, or marital...
Elevation of serum prolactin and corticosterone concentrations in the rat after the administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine.

The racemic mixture of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), which has been reported to produce selective destruction of serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system, was studied to determine its neuroendocrine and temperature effects and mechanism of action. MDMA elevated serum concentrations of corticosterone in doses ranging from 3 to 20 mg/kg administered i.p. Serum corticosterone concentrations were elevated 30 min after the administration of MDMA (10 mg/kg i.p.) and remained elevated 4 hr later. Serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations were elevated by administration of MDMA in doses ranging from 1 to 20 mg/kg i.p., and were maximal 60 min after the injection of 10 mg/kg i.p., declining rapidly over the next 4 hr. MDMA also significantly elevated the body temperature of rats maintained at ambient (23 degrees C) temperature. MDMA-induced corticosterone secretion and hyperthermia were blocked by the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) antagonists, ketanserin and mianserin, which have a high affinity for 5-HT2 binding sites. Conversely, neither (-)-pindolol, a beta antagonist that also blocks 5-HT1A-mediated responses, nor the nonspecific 5-HT antagonists, cyproheptadine and metergoline, had an effect on MDMA-induced corticosterone secretion. None of the 5-HT antagonists blocked MDMA-induced PRL secretion. Pretreatment with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg i.p.) 16 hr before MDMA administration significantly blunted the effect of MDMA on corticosterone but not PRL secretion. Pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (150 mg/kg i.p.) for 3 days depleted cortical and hypothalamic 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid by approximately 80% and significantly attenuated MDMA-induced corticosterone and PRL secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Control of Light-Matter Interaction in 2D Atomic Crystals Using Microcavities

The 2D materials based on the layered structures, from graphene, to transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), to black phosphorous and few-layer topological insulators have emerged as novel platforms for both fundamental studies and device applications. Here, we review the progress in microcavity-enhanced light-matter interaction in 2D materials. In particular, we focus our attention on the devices based on microcavities and photonic crystals embedded with graphene and TMDs. Effects observed under the weak and strong coupling regimes are discussed followed by brief overview of future directions.
Resolution Limits of Timing-Based Servo Schemes in Magnetic Tape Drives

The resolution limits of tape head lateral position estimates derived from timing-based servo (TBS) patterns preformatted on perpendicularly oriented barium ferrite tape media are investigated. A set of four new TBS patterns with azimuth angles ranging from 15° to 24° but having, otherwise, identical parameters are compared. Measurements of the standard deviation of the closed-loop position-error signal are compared with resolution estimates based on: 1) the noise floor of the power spectral density of the lateral tape motion measured from the servo pattern during open or closed-loop track-following and 2) an analytical lower bound on the mean-squared estimation error, which depends on the servo readback signal shape and the signal-to-noise ratio. All four servo patterns are shown to achieve nanoscale resolution under realistic operating conditions. The 24° pattern was found to provide the highest performance with a position estimation resolution better than 3.8 nm for a single channel, and better than 2.6 nm when the estimates of two channels are combined.
Micronutrients and Immunity in Older People

Aging has been described as a group of processes that promote vulnerability to challenges, thereby increasing the likelihood of death. Since there is evidence that depressed immunity can increase the risk of death, it is likely that changes in immunity with age are key factors in the aging process.
A calibration technique for energy-defining transport magnets☆

Abstract By matching pulse heights from a solid-state detector, beams of identical velocity but different charge state have been used to calibrate a beam analyzing magnet over a range of Bp values. No assumptions need be made about linearity of response of the detection system. The standard of calibration was a time-of-flight measurement which limited the energy accuracy to 1/2000. However, a thin α source (212Po monolayer) will allow an energy accuracy limited by electronic stability, which may approach part in 10 000. The calibration points may range over the whole spectrum of magnetic rigidity capabilities of the associated accelerator.
Separation of cytotoxic lymphocytes against Marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell lines on PercollR gradients 1

Summary A two‐step method has been developed for the separation of lymphocytes cytotoxic for allogeneic Marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell lines. Ficoll‐Paque‐purified spleen cell suspensions were separated according to their densities on continuous gradients of PercollR. Pooled fractions were tested for specific release in a 4‐hour chromium release assay. Cytotoxic activity was mainly detected in the fractions with a density of 1.060 to 1.070 g/ml. Levels of specific release were increased using those fractions compared to Ficoll‐Paque‐purified cells. A discontinuous Percoll gradient was developed based on the density range of cytotoxic cells. Continuous and discontinuous Percoll gradients were equally effective for the preparation of cytotoxic cells.
SeDFAM: semiconductor demand forecast accuracy model

In the semiconductor industry, many critical decisions are based on demand forecasts. However, these forecasts are subject to random error. In this paper, we lay out a scheme estimating the variance and correlation of forecast errors (without altering given forecasts) and modeling the evolution of forecasts over time. Our scheme allows correlations across time, products and technologies. It also addresses the case of nonstationary errors due to ramps (technology migrations). It can be used to simulate chip demands for production planning/capacity expansion studies.
On the covering cuts of c d ( d ≤5)

Abstract A new proof for the problem of the cut number of the 4-cube is given. This proof is independent of the characterization of the cuts, thus it provides a shorter proof for the problem. This proof and the characterization of the cuts are used to prove that the maximal number of edges of c4 covered by 3 cuts is 30. Finally, it is shown that up to isomorphism there is only one cut for c5 that contains edges from all subfacets of the 5-cube.
Dietary oxidized linoleic acid lowers triglycerides via APOA5/APOClll dependent mechanisms

Previously we have shown that intestinal cells efficiently take up oxidized fatty acids (OxFAs) and that atherosclerosis is increased when animals are fed a high cholesterol diet in the presence of oxidized linoleic acid. Interestingly, we found that in the absence of dietary cholesterol, the oxidized fatty acid fed low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor negative mice appeared to have lower plasma triglyceride (TG) levels as compared to animals fed oleic acid. In the present study, we fed C57BL6 mice a normal mice diet supplemented with oleic acid or oxidized linoleic acid (at 18 mg/animal/day) for 2 weeks. After the mice were sacrificed, we measured the plasma lipids and collected livers for the isolation of RNA. The results showed that while there were no significant changes in the levels of total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), there was a significant decrease (41.14%) in the levels of plasma TG in the mice that were fed oxidized fatty acids. The decreases in plasma TG levels were accompanied by significant increases (P < 0.001) in the expressions of APOA5 and acetyl-CoA oxidase genes as well as a significant (P < 0.04) decrease in APOClll gene expression. Oxidized lipids have been suggested to be ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα). However, there were no increases in the mRNA or protein levels of PPARα in the oxidized linoleic acid fed animals. These results suggest that oxidized fatty acids may act through an APOA5/APOClll mechanism that contributes to lowering of TG levels other than PPARα induction.
Transport Protocols in the TCP Paradigm and their Performance

This paper defines a class of "TCP-like" transport protocols, called protocols in the TCP Paradigm. The name indicates the protocols are not TCP, but in some sense similar to it. The class includes TCP and also Tom Kelly's "Scalable TCP", and more. Most of the protocols in the class require ECN in order to become implementable. Most even require a form of ECN that allows a high rate of marked packets. The paper analyzes performance of protocols in the TCP Paradigm and indicates a subset that is likely to perform as well as, or quite possibly better than, Scalable TCP. Criteria are the ability to achieve high throughput, to maintain a steady flow if the ECN marking probability is constant, and to adapt quickly to a changing marking probability. A main conclusion is that in order to benefit from protocols in this paradigm, "source behavior" (reaction of endpoints to marked and unmarked packets) and "router behavior" (how routers choose marking probabilities) must be investigated together.
The Southern Frontiers, 1607-1860: The Agricultural Evolution of the Colonial and Antebellum South

Preface Introducing the Southern Frontiers The Chesapeake Frontiers (1607-1775) The Carolinian Frontiers (1670-1775) The Backcountry Frontiers (1681-1775) The Revolutionary Frontiers (1775-1790) The Upland South Frontiers (1790-1860) The Lowland South Frontiers (1790-1860) Summarizing the Southern Frontiers Bibliography Index
Family expectations and arthritis patient compliance to a hand resting splint regimen.

Abstract The present study reveals that perceived family expectations are strongly related to arthritis patients' use of hand resting splints, both in terms of statistical significance and magnitude of use. That is, there is a difference in the use of the splint when it is perceived that one's family expects him to use it as opposed to when such expectation is lacking. Females were found to comply a greater average per cent of the time than males, older persons used it more than younger ones, and in this instance the lower social class subjects complied more than the middle and upper social class groupings. Physicians and therapists who prescribe and provide such service should consider in the total treatment process how their patients perceive family expectation of health care procedures. Further research in the area should emphasize the controlled experimental approach rather than surveys. Trials are now needed to determine the degree to which patients' participation and response to treatment can be accomplished through motivations of the family unit.
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of size-defined polysaccharides by sialyltransferase-catalyzed block transfer of oligosaccharides.

A novel chemoenzymatic method has been developed for the synthesis of size-defined polysaccharides with sialic acid-containing repeating units by sialyltransferase-catalyzed block transfer of oligosaccharides. The synthesized polysaccharides are mimics of surface polysaccharides produced by some pathogenic bacteria. Bacterial sialyltransferases, once again, have been confirmed to have flexible substrate specificity. They are extremely useful catalysts for efficient synthesis of diverse and complex sialic acid-containing carbohydrates and glycoconjugates.
Mechanisms of hydrocarbon conversion reactions on heterogeneous catalysts: analogies with organometallic chemistry

Catalysis is central to most industrial processes for chemical manufacturing. As catalytic processes have become more complex and more demanding, selectivity has become the central issue in their design. Selectivity is defined by the relative rates of competing reaction pathways available to crucial intermediates, and can be controlled by subtle changes in the nature of the catalyst, the reactants, and/or the reaction conditions. In order to be able to do this in a systematic manner, a good understanding of the catalytic reaction mechanisms is needed. Here a connection is drawn between the key elementary steps comprising hydrocarbon conversion reactions on surfaces and those known to occur on discrete organometallic complexes. This way, the hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, chain growth, and isomerization reactions typical in heterogeneous catalysis are redefined in terms of hydride elimination, oxidative addition, reductive elimination, migratory insertion, and 1, 2-shift elementary steps, among others. It is suggested that the knowledge already available from organometallic chemistry can be used to further advance the understanding of the surface science involved in heterogeneous catalysis. Thanks to the commonality of the chemistry involved, a better synergy could also be established between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic development. These ideas are discussed in this article in a critical and personal way.
Differential synthesis and degradation of protein in the hereditary Philly mouse cataract

Abstract Lens protein metabolism was investigated in the Philly mouse between the third and eighth postnatal week. As demonstrated in an accompanying article, the Philly mouse develops a hereditary, osmotic, cataract associated with influx of Na + and loss of K + during this time interval. The contents of β- and γ-crystallin were strikingly reduced in the Philly lens, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by immunodiffusion. This appeared to be due to proteolysis, since there were negligible amounts of crystallins found in the medium of cultured Philly lenses. α-Crystallin remained in the Philly lens but apparently accumulated discrete polypeptide cleavage products. The incorporation of [ 35 S]methionine into β- and γ-crystallin polypeptides was markedly reduced in the Philly lens. By contrast, the incorporation of [ 35 S]methionine into the α-crystallin and the higher molecular weight non-crystallin polypeptides was as great if not greater, in the Philly lens than in the normal lens. The non-crystallin polypeptides were associated with the 10 000 × g pellet of the homogenate. The present data extend the correlation between alterations in protein metabolism and electrolyte concentrations to this hereditary cataract, and support the idea that selective degradation of crystallins and differential reduction in the synthesis of crystallins are primary causes for the lowered amounts of soluble protein—especially β- and γ-crystallin—found in cataracts associated with ionic imbalances.
Investigation of basalt fiber composite mechanical properties for applications in transportation

New materials offer the promise of innovative applications in transportation. One such new material is basalt fiber, which is used in other industries because of documented strengths [Ramakrishnan et al., “Performance Evaluation of 3-D Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete and Basalt Rod Reinforced Concrete,” NCHRP-IDEA Program Project Final Report, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 1998]. Use in transportation, however, requires a better knowledge of many properties. This article discusses initial work with basalt-reinforced polymer composites. Polymer composites reinforced by basalt fabric and glass fabrics were produced for these tests. Void content below 3% were measured for all the composites produced for the testing program. No significant differences in Young's modulus, tensile strength, flexure strength, shear strength, and compression strength were found between basalt composites and glass composites. Environmental durability testing of basalt composites is ongoing. POLYM. COMPOS. 27:41–48, 2006. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers
The zoonotic potential of bovine leukemia virus

Many workers have investigated the possibility that bovine leukemia virus (BLV) might be transmissible to man. The epidemiological studies were designed to examine for associations between human leukemia and a rural environment, cattle farming, veterinary activities, or bovine leukosis. The serological studies were used to test serum samples from human cancer patients and from persons with potential occupational exposure to BLV, among others, for evidence of BLV antibodies. All these studies are critically reviewed. It is concluded that there is no epidemiological or serological evidence from human studies to indicate that BLV can infect man.
Long-Term Foliow-Up of a CHOP-Based Regimen with Maintenance Therapy and Central Nervous System Prophylaxis in Lymphoblastic Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) conducted a phase II trial in adult patients with lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Thirty-nine patients with no central nervous system (CNS) involvement were treated with an induction cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP)/L-asparaginase regimen and CNS prophylaxis that included intrathecally administered methotrexate given 6 times and 24 Gy midplane cranial radiation in 12 fractions. Thirty-one patients (79%) achieved a complete remission (CR). Of the 31 patients with CRs, 12 relapsed (39%). CNS relapse occurred in three patients. All patients who entered a CR were treated with maintenance CHOP, cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), and methotrexate and subsequently with Ara-C and methotrexate. Life-threatening leukopenia or thrombocytopenia was experienced in 69% of patients in the induction phase and in 70% in the maintenance phase. Nineteen of 39 patients (49%) remain in CR with a follow-up to 9 years. Bone marrow involvement was as...
Using Information Technology in Community-Based Psychiatric Nursing Education: The SJSU/NT Project:

Information management is growing in importance in health care delivery. Practitioners, case managers, third-party payers, and health care policy makers are increasingly basing their health care decisions on timely and relevant clinicaldata. Since 1997, San Jose State University nursing students have been using the Nightingale Tracker, a computerized clinical communication system, to document client care, electronically transfer clinical information to their instructors, and maintain a systematic method for storing clinical data for further use in program planning, prediction of health care trends, and other research endeavors. Clearly, the potential increase in quality care makes the investment in this information technology (IT) experience worthwhile. Faculty are changing the education paradigm to a learning paradigm, preparing practitioners who can use IT in the current managed care environment to monitor costs while improving care— valuable skills to possess in this ever-evolving health care delivery ...
GRACILARIA FROM THE GULF OF MEXICO, WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON GRACILARIA TIKVAHIAE BASED ON TWO MOLECULAR DATASETS

Despite a recent body of literature, the species of Gracilaria recognized for the Gulf of Mexico are still incompletely characterized, misidentified, and species limits not well defined due to huge morphological plasticity and overlapping habits. To better characterize these taxa and evaluate their taxonomic relationships, we provide a chloroplast-encoded rbcL phylogeny encompassing primarily Gulf, western Atlantic, and Caribbean species. Our results indicate the need to resurrect older, validly published names currently placed in synonymy under other species of Gracilaria, and to describe new species. For Gracilaria tikvahia, in particular, a combination of DNA sequences [rbcL, and internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA] from specimens collected across a wide biogeographic area (Nova Scotia, Canada, to Las Coloradas, Yucatan Peninsula) successfully promotes the integration and correlation of molecular phylogenies and morphology with biogeographic hypotheses.
Steady fatigue crack growth under tensile load

Abstract Fatigue crack speed is analysed based on the criterion of total accumulative plastic work. Closure of crack surface during unloading is included in the study. Fatigue crack speed per cycle of loading is found to be dependent on two parameters k m = K max /K f and R = K min /K max where K f is the fatigue Fracture toughness defined by the condition that dl/dN approaches infinity as k m approaches unity. Our theoretical fatigue crack speeds are compared with experimental data.
Systematic floor coverage of unknown environments using rectangular regions and localization certainty

We address the problem of systematically covering all accessible floor space in an unknown environment by a mobile robot. Our approach uses rectangular regions that are swept across the environment. In the first stage, the robot covers each region using the classic boustrophedon pattern and planning paths to uncovered areas within the region while keeping track of its position uncertainty. The region is then moved sideways to cover the next part of the environment until all accessible space has been visited. In the second stage, the robot revisits the perimeter around the obstacles. We compare our method in terms of total trajectory length to 5 off-line methods including the distance transformation by Zelinsky et al. [1] in a standard test environment as well as in multi-room homes. The presented method has been employed in our Mint cleaning robot [2] for autonomously sweeping and mopping the floors.
Cerebral atherosclerosis in selected chronic disease states.

Abstract The severity of atherosclerotic involvement of the intracranial cerebral arteries was assessed at autopsy in 3942 adult subjects. The values obtained in groups of subjects at various ages were correlated with the presence or absence of selected chronic disease states. The presence of clinical or pathological evidence of cerebral vascular disease, atherosclerotic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and, to a lesser degree, chronic renal disease was associated with a relative increase in the severity of cerebral atherosclerosis. In contrast, cerebral atherosclerosis was apparently less severe in groups of subjects with malignant neoplastic disease and peptic ulcer disease. In males with cirrhosis or alcoholism, there was a possible tendency toward less severe cerebral atherosclerosis.
Practice-based research networks: nursing centers and communities working collaboratively to reduce health disparities.

As communities struggle to address the persistent problem of disparities in the use of health care and health outcomes for at-risk populations, the development of best practices for conducting research that translates into real-world situations has received increased attention. The populations most at risk are those disenfranchised from the mainstream health care system who have been historically distrustful of this system and its health care providers. Research methods and designs that capture the unique characteristics of these at-risk populations and the communities in which they live are particularly challenging to implement but critical to learning about these populations and developing effective intervention strategies. One strategy for overcoming some of these barriers and improving the translation of conventional research methods into community settings is communitybased participatory research (CBPR). CBPR is a collaborative approach to research that combines methods of inquiry with community capacity building strategies to bridge the gap between knowledge produced through research and what is practiced in communities to improve health. Interest is growing for academic institutions, health agencies, and communities to form CBPR partnerships, although few guidelines have established what resources are required to promote successful collaborative research efforts [1]. Another strategy for overcoming barriers and improving the translation of conventional research methods into community-based primary care settings is practice-based research networks (PBRNs) [2]. PBRNs conduct primary
The solar wind H and He+ content

Computation of the expected fluxes of He(+) ions and neutral H atoms in the solar wind. A simple model is used to compute the intensity of resonantly backscattered solar He II (304 A) and Lyman alpha radiation.
Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases in Pituitary Adenomas: Possible Markers of Neuroendocrine Cells.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in remodeling processes and have been immunocytochemically localized in some endocrine glands and their tumors. Using anterior pituitary gland and pituitary adenomas, immunocytochemical localization of MMP-2 (gelatinase-A),-9 (gelatinase-B), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and-2 was performed. Normal anterior-pituitary cells all contain MMPs and lesser amount of TIMPs, whereas far fewer MMPs and TIMPs are identified in anterior pituitary adenomas. There is no correlation between pituitary hormone and MMPs-TIMPs localization, thus MMP-TIMP homeostasis may not be involved in hormone synthesis and secretion of anterior pituitary cells and their adenomas. Because MMPs and TIMPs are more abundantly and specifically localized in pituitary cells and their adenomas, MMPs and TIMPs may be included as markers for endocrine cells, including anterior-pituitary cells.
Spectrally Filtered Raman/Thomson Scattering Using a Rubidium Vapor Filter

A new spectrally e ltered light scattering apparatus is presented based on a diodelaser injected seeded titanium: sapphire laser and rubidium vapor e lter at 780.24 nm. It is shown that the realizable line center attenuation of quasi elastically scattered light, limited by a residual broad spectral linewidth, unseeded, component to the laser output, isashigh as 1 :67£10 5 using the laser system alone. Preliminary measurementsindicatethat incorporation of a set of dispersing prisms and a stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugate mirror external to the laser provides an additional approximate factor of 10 extinction. The utility of the system for measurement of electron density and temperature by Thomson scattering is demonstrated in a 3950-Pa (30-torr) argon dc discharge. At 100-mA current, an electron density of 3 :7£1013 cmi3 is measured on the discharge centerline with a 2 ae value of statistical uncertainty equal to 8 :0£10 11 cm i3 . The corresponding electron temperature is 0 :63§ 0:025 eV.
Experience as a Component of Personality Theory: Phenomenological Support

Two experiential phenomena, performance and feeling, were defined operationally by a model that indicated gradients and possible interrelations between phenomena (Privette, 1985). Six events characterize major gradients and interrelations: peak performance, functioning at one's best; peak experience, highest happiness; flow, intrinsic reward, identified as a sport or game; an average event, identified as an event the preceding afternoon; deepest misery; and total failure. Respondents were 123 adults, 43 men and 80 women, enrolled in upper-division and graduate university courses in social sciences and communication arts. Median age was within the 21- to 35-yr. range. Respondents indicated the following fields of interest: social services 37%, science, business, and technical 26%; arts and humanities 2 1 %; and other (military, education, sports/recreation) 167;. SIX forms of Quesitonnaire: Peak Performance and Peak Experience (Privette, 1984), based on peak performance, peak experience, and flow literature (Privette, 1983). were randomly presented to elicit descriptions of the six experiences. Respondents were asked for self-perceptions of their levels of performance and feeling associated with each event. Self-ratings associated with each phenomenon are shown in Table 1.
Microstructural and fracture characterization of Nb-Cr-Ti mechanically alloyed materials

Three materials containing Nb, Cr, and Ti were fabricated by consolidating powders made by mechanical alloying. The Nb/Ti ratio was maintained at about 1.3 and Cr was increased to form the intermetallic Cr2Nb. X-ray diffraction, metallography, and transmission electron microscopy were used to thoroughly characterize the microstructure and substructure of the materials. Fatigue and fracture toughness properties were also evaluated at ambient temperature. The alloyed powders contained only small amounts of intermetallic, but during the consolidation heat treatment, two of the materials precipitated large volume fractions of Cr2Nb. In the third material, Cr2Nb was precipitated by heat treatment, although this was not expected from the composition based on the Nb-Cr-Ti phase diagram. Maximum fracture toughness of the composutes was ≈ 11 MPa √m. The low fracture toughness was attributed to the high plastic constraint of matrix deformation by the Cr2Nb and compositional change in the matrix.
Kinetic evidence for two Na channels in frog skeletal muscle

The kinetics of voltage-clamped sodium currents were studied in frog skeletal muscle. Sodium currents in frog skeletal muscle activate and inactivate following an initial delay in response to a depolarizing voltage pulse. Inactivation occurs via a double exponential decay exhibiting fast and slow components for virtually all depolarizing pulses used.
The relationship of hemorrhoids to portal hypertension

Records of 188 patients with documented portal hypertension were reviewed to determine the incidence of hemorrhoids as well as bleeding complications associated with this condition. The incidence of hemorrhoids among these patients was not increased compared to the normal population. Six of the patients with portal hypertension did, however, bleed massively from hemorrhoids. Elevated portal venous pressure is an important factor in those patients having severe hemorrhoidal bleeding. The presence of coagulation defects may also be of considerable importance.
Speed loop cancellation governor for hydrogenerators. I. Development

Speed control governors for hydrogenerators utilize a proportional-integral (PI) control with constant gains. Given the nonlinear characteristics of the installations, the result is compromised speed and power transients for step load changes. The PI control is not able to provide a responsive power response while maintaining the desired speed transient. The development of a control strategy that essentially neutralizes the speed dynamics in order to achieve improved power tracking is discussed. This technique results in up to a fifty percent reduction in the magnitude of the offspeed. The power transient is also more responsive as demonstrated by a twenty percent decrease in the settling time while maintaining acceptable damping and overshoot. >
Competitive Antagonism Between Isoproterenol and a New Beta-Receptor Adrenergic Blocking Agent, Propranolol.

SummaryThe effects of graded doses of isoproterenol on mean systemic arterial pressure and myocardial contractile force were studied in anesthetized dogs before and after administration of graded doses of a new beta-receptor blocking agent, propranolol. It was found that, with geometrically increasing doses of propranolol, the effects of given doses of isoproterenol on systemic arterial pressure and myocardial contractile force decreased progressively. However, the larger doses of isoproterenol surmounted the blocking effect of propranolol on myocardial contractile force. Dose-response curves of isoproterenol after graded doses of propranolol indicate the existence of competitive antagonism between isoproterenol and propranolol. In addition, after administration of propranolol, the effect of isoproterenol on systemic arterial pressure was found to become biphasic, an initial increase being followed by a decrease. Hence, it is postulated that isoprotenerol possesses a vasoconstrictor (alpha-receptor stimul...
Isolation and Callus Formation from Cotyledon Protoplasts of Pine (Pinus pinaster)

Summary Protoplasts were isolated from cotyledons of pine ( Pinus pinaster SOL.). The protoplasts exhibited a high frequency of spontaneous fusion, which was reduced by overnight incubation in low concentration of enzymes (total = 0.16 %, w/v). Sustained division of the regenerated cells was achieved by pretreatment of the cotyledons in solutions containing BA + NAA or 2,4-D alone. The media used for protoplast isolation, washing and culture consisted of Murashige-Skoog mineral salts with various organic supplements, BA and NAA. Best results were obtained in a culture medium adjusted at 0.7 M.
Weak measure extension axioms

Abstract We consider axioms asserting that Lebesgue measure on the real line may be extended to measure a few new nonmeasurable sets. Strong versions of such axioms, such as real-valued measurability, involve large cardinals, but weak versions do not. We discuss weak versions which are sufficient to prove various combinatorial results, such as the nonexistence of Ramsey ultrafilters, the existence of ccc spaces whose product is not ccc, and the existence of S - and L -spaces. We also prove an absoluteness theorem stating that assuming our axiom, every sentence of an appropriate logical form which is forced to be true in the random real extension of the universe is in fact already true.
Management of the young febrile child. Clinical guidelines in the setting of incomplete evidence.

The publication of Kramer and Shapiro's review and critique of the practice guideline of Baraff et al on the diagnosis and treatment of the febrile child provides an excellent opportunity to review the pros and cons of clinical guidelines and their role in the enhancement of patient care.1,2 The authors comment on the variable quality of the literature used to develop the guideline of Baraff et al and the failure of the guideline's developers to account for variation in methodologic quality when creating summary statistics for each of the guideline's parameters. It is true that the papers used in the analyses were of varying quality. It also true that there is no validated mechanism for making such adjustments, and there is a only a fine line between adjusting for bias and adding one's own bias. For this reason, we chose not to attempt such adjustments. The literature in this area (and in …
Pregnancy in Cushing's Syndrome

Stillborn premature infants were delivered by 2 patients with Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal adenoma. The adrenals of both infants were markedly small due to premature involution of the fetal cortical zones. Although the urinary 17-KS excretion and the plasma 17-OHCS concentration may be increased in uncomplicated pregnancy, absence of diurnal variation of the elevated plasma 17-OHCS and increased urinary excretion of 17-OHCS confirmed the presence of Cushing's syndrome.
Prioritizing Investment in Residential Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: A Case Study for the U.S. Midwest

Residential building energy use is an important contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and in the United States represents about 20% of total energy consumption. A number of previous macro-scale studies of residential energy consumption and energy-efficiency improvements are mainly concerned with national or international aggregate potential savings. In this paper we look into the details of how a collection of specific homes in one region might reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions, with particular attention given to some practical limits to what can be achieved by upgrading the existing residential building stock. Using a simple model of residential, single-family home construction characteristics, estimates are made for the efficacy of (i) changes to behavioral patterns that do not involve building shell modifications; (ii) straightforward air-infiltration mitigation measures, and (iii) insulation measures. We derive estimates of net lifetime savings resulting from these measures, in terms of energy, carbon emissions and dollars. This study points out explicitly the importance of local and regional patterns in decision-making about what fraction of necessary regional or national emissions reduction might be accomplished through energy-efficiency measures and how much might need to concentrate more heavily on renewable or other carbon-free sources of energy.
In situ recovery of fumaric acid by intermittent adsorption with IRA-900 ion exchange resin for enhanced fumaric acid production by Rhizopus oryzae

Abstract An in situ separation method for fumaric acid recovery by adsorption from fermentation broth was developed with IRA900, which was selected for its high adsorption capacity at the fermentation-favored pH of 5 and high selectivity against impurities (glucose and malic acid). The adsorption of fumaric acid in a fixed bed column was evaluated, and the effects of resin ion form (Cl − or OH − ), feed flow rate (2.34–5.34 mL min −1 ), and stripping agent (NaOH or NaCl) on the process were investigated. The results showed that the best conditions were the ion form of Cl − , feed flow rate of 4.10–5.34 mL min −1 and 0.7 M NaCl as the stripping agent. An intermittent in situ adsorption process was then demonstrated by coupling the fixed bed column with a stirred-tank bioreactor through medium recirculation during the fermentation. After saturating the resin in ∼3 h, desorption was performed with 0.7 M NaCl for ∼1 h, which stripped out all the fumaric acid adsorbed on the resin and simultaneously regenerated the resin to its original chloride form for immediate reuse in another adsorption cycle. Compared to the batch fermentation without adsorption, intermittent in situ recovery of fumaric acid increased the yield by 25% and productivity by 59%.
Elastic properties of the lower mantle inferred from rigid ion lattice models

Abstract Simple theoretical rigid ion lattice models, utilizing two-body central force exponential type repulsive potentials, for first and second nearest neighbor interactions, have been applied to estimate the higher order elastic constants of several alkali halides and NaCl-structure oxides. The results provided by the theoretical models for the first and second pressure derivatives of the bulk modulus (K′0and K″0) for the alkali halides are generally consistent with available experimental data. Model calculations of K″0 for the oxides MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO, are about an order of magnitude less than those for the alkali halides. Depending on the details of the lattice model, the present results suggest a value of K″0 for MgO in the range −1.7–−3.1 Mbar−1. In addition, the theoretical lattice models indicate values for the shear-related elastic constants C″s, C″44, and μ″0 of the NaCl-structure oxides which are markedly lower than those of the alkali halides. The range of values for K″0 and the second pressure derivative of the rigidity modulus μ″0, which appear from the present results to characterize close-packed oxides, are consistent with estimates of these parameters for the Earth's lower mantle, assuming an adiabatic temperature gradient and compositional homogeneity. Therefore, it is not necessary to invoke a vertical compositional gradient in the deep mantle to account for the observed variation in elastic properties. However, the range of the theoretical values for K′0and μ″00 which appear to characterize lower mantle oxide materials, make it necessary to use higher order elastic properties in the equation of state in order to obtain accurate and meaningful evaluations of the composition and state of the Earth's deep interior.
Theory of the magnetic ordering and lattice internal rearrangement transition in UO/sub 2/

The first-order antiferromagnetic transition in fluorite structure UO/sub 2/ coincides with a lattice transition to a transverse internal rearrangement (TIR). In the TIR, the oxygen planes have a periodic internal shear relative to the undistorted fcc uranium sublattice. We have investigated the selection mechanism that causes the TIR to occur in preference to other distortions. The driving mechanism that causes some distortion to occur is the splitting of the GAMMA/sub 5/ cubic crystal-field ground state and consequent lowering of crystal-field energy. Our detailed calculations, involving consideration of a number of ''candidate'' distortional modes, verify that the TIR occurs because the lattice is relatively soft for such a distortion. This elastic energy advantage more than makes up for the advantage of a competing conventional (homogeneous) internal distortion in lowering the crystal-field energy more for a given size relative distortion. Our calculations incorporate experimental elastic effects by using parameters from a rigid-ion model fit to the phonon behavior. We find a low-temperature oxygen displacement of approximately 0.021 A in close agreement with the experimental 0.014 A.
An L space with a d-separable square

Abstract In this note I will show that an inessential modification of the ZFC example of a hereditarily Lindelof nonseparable space which was constructed in [J.T. Moore, A solution to the L space problem, J. Amer. Math. Soc. 19 (3) (2006) 717–736] has the property that its square contains a σ-discrete dense set.
Isolation of three-dimensional features of known height using a light-striped stereoscopic system

A method for isolating three-dimensional features of known height in the presence of noisy data is presented. The approach is founded upon observing the locations of a single light stripe in the image planes of two spatially separated cameras. Knowledge relating to the heights of sought features is used to define regions of interest in each image which are searched in order to isolate the light stripe. This approach is advantageous since spurious features that may result from random reflections or refractions in the region of interest of one image usually do not appear in the corresponding region of interest of the other image. It is shown that such a system is capable of robustly locating features such as very thin vertical dividers even in the presence of spurious or noisy image data that would normally cause conventional single camera light striping systems to fail. The discussion that follows summarizes the advantages of the methodology in relation to conventional passive stereoscopic systems as well as light striped triangulation systems. Results that characterize the approach in noisy images are also provided.
An analysis of cardinal spline-wavelets

Abstract The mth order cardinal B-spline-wavelet (or simply, B-wavelet) ψm is known to generate orthogonal decompositions of any function in L2(−∞, ∞). Since ψm is usually considered as a bandpass filter, a wavelet series g = ∑ cjψm(·−j) may be treated as a bandpass signal. Hence, the problem of characterizing g from its "zerocrossings" is very important in the application of spline-wavelets to signal analysis. However, since g is not an entire function, weak sign changes of g must also be taken into consideration. The objective of this paper is to initiate a study of this important problem. It is noted, in particular, that in contrast to the total positivity property of the mth order B-spline, the B-wavelet ψm seems to possess a remarkable property, which we call "complete oscillation."