cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clonally expanded CD8 T cells in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis

Abstract Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a vasculitic entity which exclusively affects individuals older than 50 years of age. Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a closely related condition which lacks clinically significant vasculitic lesions but shares with GCA the age dependence and the HLA association. To examine whether age-related changes in the T cell receptor repertoire represent a risk factor in these two diseases, we have analyzed the diversity of peripheral blood CD8+T cells. Untreated PMR/GCA patients carried multiple clonally expanded CD8 populations. The frequency of clonal expansion was not different from age-matched healthy controls. Molecular analysis of the CD8+clonotypes showed a restricted repertoire in the patients with a distinct Jβ gene segment usage compared to normal controls. Jβ2.7+CD8+clonotypes were exclusively found in patients. Further evidence for selective CD8 cell expansion came from the finding that multiple clonotypes in the same patient transcribed identical Jβ segments despite diversity of the Vβ element. Oligoclonality in the CD8 repertoire persisted despite successful control of the disease activity, suggesting that the CD8+clonotypes are not an epiphenomenon of the inflammation. We propose that selected CD8+cells are of functional importance in the pathogenesis of GCA and PMR through a Jβ-specific mechanism. Age-related changes in the composition of the CD8 T cell receptor repertoire with the emergence of such clonotypes may predispose individuals to develop PMR/GCA.
The number and location of glycans on influenza hemagglutinin determine folding and association with calnexin and calreticulin.

Calnexin and calreticulin are homologous molecular chaperones that promote proper folding, oligomeric assembly, and quality control of newly synthesized glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Both are lectins that bind to substrate glycoproteins that have monoglucosylated N-linked oligosaccharides. Their binding to newly translated influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA), and various mutants thereof, was analyzed in microsomes after in vitro translation and expression in live CHO cells. A large fraction of the HA molecules was found to occur in ternary HA– calnexin–calreticulin complexes. In contrast to calnexin, calreticulin was found to bind primarily to early folding intermediates. Analysis of HA mutants with different numbers and locations of N-linked glycans showed that although the two chaperones share the same carbohydrate specificity, they display distinct binding properties; calreticulin binding depends on the oligosaccharides in the more rapidly folding top/hinge domain of HA whereas calnexin is less discriminating. Calnexin's binding was reduced if the HA was expressed as a soluble anchor-free protein rather than membrane bound. When the co- and posttranslational folding and trimerization of glycosylation mutants was analyzed, it was observed that removal of stem domain glycans caused accelerated folding whereas removal of the top domain glycans (especially the oligosaccharide attached to Asn81) inhibited folding. In summary, the data established that individual N-linked glycans in HA have distinct roles in calnexin/calreticulin binding and in co- and posttranslational folding.
Colorimetric Characterization of a Computer-Controlled Liquid Crystal Display

A new method was used to characterize computer- controlled liquid crystal displays (LCDs). The characteriza- tion, which was performed to enable colorimetric image display, included channel independence, spatial indepen- dence, screen uniformity, and colorimetry. The colorimetric model consisted of three one-dimensional look-up tables (LUTs) describing each channel's optoelectronic transfer function and a 3 4 matrix transformation that included black-level flare. The matrix coefficients were estimated statistically by minimizing the average CIEDE2000 color difference for a data set sampling the display's colorimetric gamut. The LUTs were recreated dynamically throughout the optimization of the matrix coefficients. The character- ization was implemented with three different instruments to evaluate the robustness of the method with respect to mea- surement uncertainty. The average performance ranged be- tween 0.1 and 0.4 E00 and was well correlated with instrument precision. The optimization approach improved performance by a factor of two compared with direct mea- surements. Despite differences in instrument design, the chromaticities of each primary following optimization and black-level flare compensation were very similar. This ex- cellent performance was a result of the display's optoelec- tronic properties well matching the model assumptions. The technique was also used to characterize three additional LCD displays ranging in their matching of the model as- sumptions. In this case, performance worsened. For one display, more complex models would be required for col- orimetric characterization. Finally, a colorimetric charac- terization based on measurements at the center of the dis- play and perpendicular to the face was used to predict measurements at the edges and at different angles. The results indicated that characterizations would be required at multiple positions and angles in order to achieve suffi-
Use of genetic algorithms for computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancers from image features

In this investigation we explore genetic algorithms as a technique to train the weights in a feed forward neural network designed to predict breast cancer based on mammographic findings and patient history. Mammograms were obtained from 206 patients who obtained breast biopsies. Mammographic findings were recorded by radiologists for each patient. In addition, the outcome of the biopsy was recorded. Of the 206 cases, 73 were malignant while 133 were benign at the time of biopsy. A genetic algorithm (GA) was developed to adjust the weights of an artificial neural network (ANN) so that the ANN would output the outcome of the biopsy when the mammographic findings were given as inputs. The GA is a technique for function optimization that reflects biological genetic evolution. The ANN was a fully connected feed- forward network using a sigmoid activation with 11 inputs, one hidden layer with 10 nodes, and one output node (benign/malignant). The GA approach allows much flexibility in selecting the function to be optimized. In this work both mean-squared error (MSE) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve area (Az) were explored as optimization criteria. The system was trained using a bootstrap sampling. Optimizing for the two criteria result in different solutions. The 'best' solution was obtained by minimizing a linear combination of MSE and (1-Az). ROC areas were 0.82 plus or minus 0.07, somewhat less than those obtained using backpropagation for ANN training: 0.90 plus or minus 0.05. This is the first description of a genetic algorithm for breast cancer diagnosis. The novel advantage of this technique is the ability to optimize the system for maximizing ROC area rather than minimizing mean squared error. A new technique for computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer has been explored. The flexibility of the GA approach allows optimization of cost functions that have relevance to breast cancer prediction.
Beliefs in the legitimacy of decision authority among Chinese adolescents and parents: a person-centered approach.

Abstract The present study examined Chinese parents' and adolescents' beliefs in the legitimacy of decision authority with reference to specific issues from the prudential, conventional, multifaceted, and personal domains. The sample included 698 adolescents aged 12–15 and their parents from southern China. Parents and adolescents reported on their own beliefs respectively. Subgroups of parent and adolescent participants characterized by distinct patterns of beliefs across issues were identified with latent class analyses (LCA). Further, configural frequency analyses (CFA) were conducted to examine the match between parent subgroups and adolescent subgroups. In addition, the LCA-derived subgroups varied across residency status, sibling status, and child gender, and were linked to adolescent depressive symptoms and school misconduct. These associations with external variables provided evidence for the distinctiveness of the latent classes. Results were discussed in light of social domain theory and the socio-historical context where the participants were situated.
Visual angle as a determinant of perceived interobject distance.

Two new experiments and a reanalysis of Toye’s (1986)data are used to examine the relationship between true distance and perceived distance in natural scenes. In the first experiment, 8 subjects estimated 78 interobject distances, formed by all pairs of 13 objects, while viewing the objects from a fixed position. The results showed that estimated distance is a linear function of the visual angle between objects as well as of the true distance. This relationship results in distances perpendicular to the line of sight being overestimated in relation to true distances and to distances parallel to the line of sight. These findings were confirmed by reanalysis of a comparable data set from Toye. Since changes in the visual angle can come about through changes in alignment with the line of sight, viewing distance, or interobject distance, Experiment 2 was designed to determine whether the visual angle effect was due to one of these, or whether it was an independent effect. In Experiment 2, 8 subjects estimated six interobject distances from 12 viewing positions. The results showed that visual angle predicted estimated distance independently of how the change in visual angle came about, suggesting that the greater the visual angle between objects, the more their separation is overestimated.
The reactions π±p→pπ±π+π− at 18.5 GeV/c☆

Abstract Studies have been made of the reactions π+p→pπ+π+π− and π−p→pπ+π−π−, both at an incident pion momentum of 18.5 GeV/c. The two-body (primarily Δ++ and ϱo and three-body (low-mass A enhancement, A3, N∗ (1400), and N∗ (1700)) subsystems are discussed. Cross sections for all significant channels of the reactions are given.
Abdominal surgery in cancer patients without wound complications.

Management of 188 consecutive abdominal surgical incisions in cancer patients following special techniques during the past ten years was evaluated. Closure of the surgical incisions was carried out employing interrupted wire for fascia and running wire for the approximation of subcutaneous tissue and skin. Prophylactic antibiotics were routinely administered to patients by the intravenous route as an adjunct to minimize infection including wound complications. Normal healing of surgical incisions was recorded in all instances during the present evaluation.
Estrogen selectively increases sensory nociceptor innervation of arterioles in the female rat

Differences exist in vascular function and disease susceptibility in males and females, and estrogen is apparently a primary factor. One mechanism by which estrogen may influence vascular function is by affecting vasomotor innervation. We have shown previously that estrogen increases calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive sensory innervation of the rat mammary gland, but it is not known if this occurs in other tissues. The objective of this study was to determine if estrogen modulates CGRP-immunoreactive innervation of vascular and non-vascular tissues. Ovariectomized adult virgin female rats were implanted with pellets containing 17β-estradiol or placebo. After 7 days, innervation was examined in the external ear, jejunal mesenteric arterioles, superficial epigastric, femoral, and uterine arteries, and foot skin. Immunofluorescence microscopy of the external ear pinna revealed increased CGRP-immunoreactive sensory innervation in estrogen-treated rats, and this was attributable specifically to increased innervation of arterioles. Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive innervation was unchanged. Total nerve density, revealed by the pan-neuronal marker PGP 9.5, was also greater after estrogen treatment, implying structural proliferation of nociceptor vasodilator fibers. Mesenteric arteriolar CGRP-immunoreactive nerve density was also selectively increased by estrogen treatment. However, estrogen did not affect CGRP-immunoreactive nerve density of superficial epigastric, femoral, or uterine arteries, or foot skin. Therefore, estrogen increases sensory innervation of arterioles, but not of large arteries or skin. We conclude that sensory nociceptor vasodilatory innervation of arterioles is selectively enriched by estrogen, which may influence cardiovascular function in health and disease.
Recurrence of Pulmonary Embolism Seven Months after Inferior-Vena-Cava Stapling

INTERRUPTION of the inferior vena cava for recurrent pulmonary embolism was first performed by Homans in 1934.1 Spencer et al.2 introduced suture compartmentation of the inferior vena cava in 1962 ...
We do, therefore we think: time, motility, and consciousness.

This article is a philosopher's expanded review of two recent books on neurophysiology: Rodolfo Llinas's I of the Vortex and Gyorgy Buszaki's Rhythms of the Brain. Researchers such as these are converging on a view of consciousness as originating in motility and as inherently temporal due to the brainwave oscillations that underlay it. Most current discussions of consciousness include implicit philosophical presuppositions inherited from the canon of Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, and Kant, e.g. that consciousness is self-reflective, passive, and timeless. Because of this, Llinas's and Buszaki's insights may not be fully appreciated. Western philosophy, however, also includes what might be described as a counter-tradition--and one that is more compatible with empirical biological science than the usual canon. Heraclitus, Spinoza, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, and especially the 20th century French philosopher and psychologist, Merleau-Ponty, all anticipated aspects of Llinas's and Buszaki's approaches. Their alternative conceptual vocabularies are useful for strengthening Llinas's and Buszaki's approaches, sketching out a notion of consciousness emerging from motility, and generating new hypotheses for neurophysiological research.
Binding of Prostaglandins E1 (alprostadil), E2 (dinoprostone), F1a, and F2a (dinoprost) to Human Serum Proteins

Prostaglandins E1 (alprostadil), E2 (dinoprostone), F1a, and F2a (dinoprost) were characterized in terms of binding to human serum, albumin, γ-globulin II, β-globulin III, α-globulin IV-1, and α-globulin IV-4. By using equilibrium dialysis and tritium-labeled ligands, the percent binding for all four ligands was found to decrease in the following order: human serum, albumin, and α-globulin IV-4. For the other three proteins, the order was not consistent with the four ligands, and <10% binding was observed. In general, prostaglandins E1 and E2 showed a higher percent binding for all fractions than prostaglandins F1a and F2a. All four ligands can be characterized as showing significant binding to human serum, albumin, and α-globulin IV-4.
Lessons from Hurricane Rita: Organizing to Provide Medical Care during a Natural Disaster

As the hurricane season for 2006 begins, people fear a disaster on the scale of the hurricanes of 2005. Improvements in our system for managing future disasters should come in part from responses t...
Cyclosporine treatment promotes survival of human fetal neural retina transplanted to the subretinal space of the light-damaged Fischer 344 rat

Abstract We have reported that xenografts of human fetal neural retina survive in the subretinal space of cyclosporine-immunosuppressed rats. In view of the current controversy regarding the role of cyclosporine, we wished to determine if cyclosporine immunosuppression was an absolute requirement for retinal xenograft survival. Neural retinas from human fetal eyes obtained within 1 h of termination of pregnancy were stored in Optisol medium (Chiron Vision, Irvine, CA) at 4°C for 2 and 7 days. Retinas were then transplanted to the subretinal space of either cyclosporine-treated (10 mg/kg/day) light-damaged Fischer 344 rat eyes (17 animals, 28 eyes) or to the subretinal space of light-damaged Fischer 344 rat eyes (9 animals, 15 eyes) receiving no cyclosporine treatment. Grafted eyes were observed clinically at 10, 20, and 30 days posttransplantation. At 30 days, the animals were sacrificed and the grafts observed histologically. Human fetal retina xenografted to the subretinal space of immunosuppressed rats survived (9/17 animals, 12/28 eyes), showed good integration with the host retina and initial photoreceptor differentiation. Tissue xenografted to the subretinal space of non-cyclosporine-treated rats was not observed to survive (0/9 animals, 0/15 eyes). A low level cellular reaction was seen around three of the injection sites within the nonimmunosuppressed rats. We conclude that immunosuppression is necessary for the survival of human fetal neural retina xenografted to the subretinal space.
Antenna miniaturization: definitions, concepts, and a review with emphasis on metamaterials

The ability to shrink the physical dimensions of an antenna without significant performance degradation has been of great interest for over half a century. Over the decades, several antenna miniatu...
HORMONAL PROTECTION OF RATS BREATHING OXYGEN AT HIGH PRESSURE1,2

Sex differences in susceptibility to high pressure oxygen (OHP)-induced convulsions were observed in mature rats. Male rats convulsed significantly earlier than did females. After adrenalectomy, seizures disappeared in most females and some male rats. The number of adrenalectomized male rats which resisted OHP-induced convulsions increased from 40 % to 91 % when they were treated with estradiol subcutaneously. Rats which do not convulse during the exposure to OHP eventually develop pulmonary edema and congestion and die. Strain variations in respect to susceptibility to oxygen poisoning and the contreversal nature of OHP and electroshock-induced convulsions in response to steroid hormones are discussed.
Reported use of non-prescribed marijuana for biomedical and psychiatric conditions among regular marijuana users

Aims: Substance use disorders (SUD) often start in adolescence, making this transitional period critical. Treatment is effective for youths but relapse is common. For youths in SUD remission wishing to attend college, the high rates of substance use on campus are a serious threat to continued sobriety. Collegiate Recovery Programs (CRPs) are an innovative model of campus-based recovery support that is growing exponentially but remains unexplored. Demographic andclinical information is lackingonstudents inCRPs and on their experiences with CRPs. Such knowledge can inform model development and evaluation. Methods: Data from an online survey of CRP students describes their background and clinical history, reasons for CRP participation, overall experiences with and use of CRP services. Results: Students (preliminary N=480, target M=550) from 25 universities in17 states were 56% male, Caucasians (91%) with an average age of 26; 12% were veterans. Drugs had been the primary problem for 58% (42% alcohol). Over half (59%) had been charged with a crime and 33% had had a period of homelessness; 82% had been in addiction treatment, 93% had attended 12-steps. Although substance-free, a minority engage in other addictive behaviors at a problematic level (e.g., 12% each compulsive eating and sex/love addiction past 90 days); 41% smoke and 66% are being treated for a mental healthproblem. CRPenrollmentduration ranged from1 to8 semesters; top referral sources areword ofmouth (29%), treatment (22%) and 12-step groups (12%). One third of students said they would not be in college right now were it not for the CRP and 60% find the CRP quite a bit or extremely helpful to their recovery. Conclusions: CRP students experienced severe consequences of their SUD; CRPs may promote college attendance in recovery. Further information is needed on compulsive behavior patterns in recovery to promote healthy functioning. Financial Support: Financial support NIDA Grant R21DA033448.
Comparison of GlideScope Videolaryngoscopy to Direct Laryngoscopy for Intubation of a Pediatric Simulator by Novice Physicians

Objective. To compare novice clinicians' performance using GlideScope videolaryngoscopy (GVL) to direct laryngoscopy (DL). Methods. This was a prospective, randomized crossover study. Incoming pediatric interns intubated pediatric simulators in four normal and difficult airway scenarios with GVL and DL. Primary outcomes included time to intubation and rate of successful intubation. Interns rated their satisfaction of the devices and chose the preferred device. Results. Twenty-five interns were included. In the normal airway scenario, there were no differences in mean time for intubation with GVL or DL (61.4 versus 67.4 seconds, P = NS) or number of successful intubations (19 versus 18, P = NS). In the difficult airway scenario, interns took longer to intubate with GVL than DL (87.7 versus 61.3 seconds, P = 0.018), but there were no differences in successful intubations (14 versus 15, P = NS). There was a trend towards higher satisfaction for GVL than DL (7.3 versus 6.4, P = NS), and GVL was chosen as the preferred device by a majority of interns (17/25, 68%). Conclusions. For novice clinicians, GVL does not improve time to intubation or intubation success rates in a pediatric simulator model of normal and difficult airway scenarios. Still, these novice clinicians overall preferred GVL.
Autogeneration of Database Applications from XML Metadata for Web-Based Data Entry

In a biomedical research environment, there is frequently a need for dynamically generated web interfaces for patient-related data that can easily accommodate changes in the underlying data model by altering metadata rather than changing the interface code. In this paper, we present AutoGen, a tool developed at the Heart and Vascular Institute(HVI) of Cleveland Clinic for autogenerating the database schema and data-entry-specific web front end from XML metadata. To specify metadata, we established a tested and proven methodology for systematically capturing data and data entry requirements and encapsulating them into standard XML schema. During the development process, we created a successful approach to incorporating Model-View-Controller and Template technologies for implementing and optimizing AutoGen. Additionally, we conducted a cost–benefit analysis of AutoGen during its first 20 months of use within HVI. Results from both the development perspective and practical usage show that AutoGen and its associated metadata specification method provide a unique approach that can efficiently and effectively address the data entry needs of similar biomedical research environments.
Improving gateway performance with a routing-table cache

A way to increase gateway throughput is to reduce the routing-table lookup time per packet. A routing-table cache can be used to reduce the average lookup time per packet and the purpose of this study is to determine the best management policies for this cache as well as its measured performance. The performance results of simulated caches for a gateway at MIT are presented. These results include the probability of reference versus previous access time, cache hit ratios, and the number of packets between cache misses. A simple, conservative analysis using the presented measurements shows that current gateway routing-table lookup time could be reduced by up to 65%. >
Plinko: building provably resilient forwarding tables

This paper introduces Plinko, a network architecture that uses a novel forwarding model and routing algorithm to build networks with forwarding paths that, assuming arbitrarily large forwarding tables, are provably resilient against t link failures, ∀t ∈ N. However, in practice, there are clearly limits on the size of forwarding tables. Nonetheless, when constrained to hardware comparable to modern top-of-rack (TOR) switches, Plinko scales with high resilience to networks with up to ten thousand hosts. Thus, as long as t or fewer links have failed, the only reason packets of any flow in a Plinko network will be dropped are congestion, packet corruption, and a partitioning of the network topology, and, even after t + 1 failures, most, if not all, flows may be unaffected. In addition, Plinko is topology independent, supports arbitrary paths for routing, provably bounds stretch, and does not require any additional computation during forwarding. To the best of our knowledge, Plinko is the first network to have all of these properties.
Regulation of immune responses by the neonatal fc receptor and its therapeutic implications.

As a single receptor, the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is critically involved in regulating albumin and IgG serum concentrations by protecting these two ligands from degradation. In addition to these essential homeostatic functions, FcRn possesses important functions in regulating immune responses that are equally as critical and are increasingly coming to attention. During the first stages of life, FcRn mediates the passive transfer of IgG across the maternal placenta or neonatal intestinal walls of mammals, thereby conferring passive immunity to the offspring before and after birth. In fact, FcRn is one of the very few molecules that is known to move from luminal to serosal membranes of polarized cells that form epithelial barriers of the lung and intestines. Together with FcRn’s recently explored critical role in eliciting MHC II presentation and MHC class I cross-presentation of IgG complexed antigen, this renders FcRn capable of exerting broad and potent functions in regulating immune responses and immunosurveillance at mucosal sites. Further, it is now clear that FcRn dependent mucosal absorption of therapeutic molecules is a clinically feasible and potent novel route of non-invasive drug delivery, and the interaction between FcRn and IgG has also been utilized for the acquisition of humoral immunity at mucosal sites. In this review we begin by briefly summarizing the basic knowledge on FcRn expression and IgG binding, then describe more recent discoveries pertaining to the mechanisms by which FcRn orchestrates IgG related mucosal immune responses and immunosurveillance at host-environment interfaces within the adult organism. Finally, we outline how the knowledge of actions of FcRn at mucosal boundaries can be capitalized for the development and engineering of powerful mucosal vaccination strategies and novel routes for the non-invasive delivery of Fc-based therapeutics.
A digitally-controlled, bi-level CMOS LED driver circuit combining PWM dimming and data transmission for visible light networks

Recent breakthroughs in solid-state lighting technology has opened the door to a myriad of applications using light-emitting diodes for both illumination and optical wireless networking. Low-power CMOS technology enables realization of mixed-mode, system-on-chip driver circuits integrating multiple functions on a single substrate to control LED device performance, luminance, and data modulation for “intelligent” visible light networking. This paper presents a novel LED driver circuit architecture incorporating digitally-controlled analog circuit blocks to deliver concurrent illumination control and serial data transmission. To achieve this goal, a bi-level pulse-width modulation (PWM) driving scheme is applied to enable data transmission during the “OFF” period of the LED drive current. With 3-bit PWM dimming resolution, the driver circuit enables linear luminous intensity control from 5% to 100%. Pseudo-random binary sequences (PRBS) are generated to compare circuit performance for various data modulation formats. The LED driver circuit is simulated in a 0.5µm CMOS process and exhibits a worst-case power consumption of 100mW with 33mA peak PWM current.
On-the-Edge Finishing of Curved Planar Parts

In this paper, edge-finishing automation using an active position/force control system is discussed. The architecture for a robust edge-finishing control system is developed, and the implementation of this con trol system on an xy table for the purpose of finishing planar parts is discussed. The control system combines position/force control with a fuzzy logic controller to compensate for part tolerance and fixturing errors. The cutting process is modeled using an empirically derived set of equations that relate tool contact forces and variances to the final chamfer depth that results on the part. The paper demonstrates that tangential force and normal position control is the preferred method for task-level control of edge-finishing processes because kinematic instability that develops when finishing highly curved parts can be avoided. Motion planning at the task level preserves spatial accuracy and prevents this phenomenon from developing. Experimental eval uation of the system on a sample workpiece show...
Health and the Educational Attainment of Adolescents: Evidence from the NLSY97∗

This article examines the mechanisms linking health to the educational attainment of adolescents. In particular, it investigates the role of cognitive/academic achievement and a variety of psychosocial adjustment factors in explaining this relationship. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 cohort (NLSY97), we estimate models of timely high school completion and of post-secondary enrollment using both standard logit estimation and sibling fixed-effects models. We find that, net of sociodemographic background and stable unobserved family characteristics, adolescents who experience worse health are substantially less likely to complete high school by their 20th birthday and to transition to post-secondary education. Cognitive/academic achievement and psychosocial factors appear to explain a large portion of these health-related educational deficits. However, adolescent health continues to be significantly associated with these key educational transitions. The findings highlight a potentially important role of health selection processes in generating socioeconomic inequalities in early adolescence to young adulthood.
Premixed-flame propagation in turbulent Taylor–Couette flow

Turbulent-flame speeds in methane-air mixtures were measured in a Taylor-Couette apparatus with counter-rotating cylinders, used to generate turbulence that is nearly homogeneous and isotropic over many integral length and time scales. While laminar-flame propagation is found to be influenced by the Darrieus-Landau instability and heat loss to the walls of the apparatus, turbulent-flame propagation in high-intensity turbulence is found to be uninfluenced by these effects. A decreasing sensitivity of the turbulent-flame speed to increases in turbulence intensity is found to occur beyond turbulence intensities of approximately 2.5 times the laminar-flame speed. This is possibly due to a transition to a nonflamelet combustion regime where flame propagation is influenced by both small-scale flame-structure modification and large-scale flame-front wrinkling. Results are compared with those obtained by earlier investigators using other experimental apparatuses and with theoretical predictions.
Ill-Posedness in a Thermomechanically Consistent Constrained Theory for Materials With Prescribed Temperature-Dependent Density

We examine the local dynamics of nonisothermal viscous flows in the neighborhood of the constant equilibria using the thermomechanically consistent constrained theory for materials with prescribed temperature-dependent density developed by Cao et al., We discover that the linearized growth rate of small length scale, infinitesimal disturbances near the equilibria is proportional to the reciprocal of their wave length, a classical phenomenon known as the Hadamard instability, indicating the local ill-posedness of the constrained theory. Therefore, the use of the theory to model transient flow phenomenon is not advised.
A Field Investigation of the Nostalgia Effect

Satisfaction is a key indicator of system success, and so has been the subject of much IS research. The nostalgia effect, whereby individuals feel satisfied or dissatisfied when thinking about past goal attainment or failure, has been observed to influence analysts' decisions with respect to ongoing systems development. The Yield Shift Theory (YST) of Satisfaction offers an explanation for the nostalgia effect as a function of changes in an individual's active goal set. This paper reports on an exploratory field investigation of nostalgia effect among 105 working IS/IT professionals in India reflecting on past collaboration experiences. The study revealed a measurable nostalgia effect, and revealed a strong association between satisfaction responses and the antecedents proposed by Yield Shift Theory.
Rules Versus Relationships: The Ethnography of Legal Discourse and Getting Justice and Getting Even: Legal Consciousness Among Working‐Class Americans

Rules Versus Relationships: The Ethnography of Legal Discourse. John M. Conley and William M. O'Barr. Language and Legal Discourse. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990. 222 pp. $14.95 (paper) Getting Justice and Getting Even: Legal Consciousness Among Working-Class Americans. Sally Engle Merry. Language and Legal Discourse. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990. 227 pp. $19.95 (paper)
Spatial distribution statistics for two-agent optimal navigation with cone-shaped local observation

In this paper, we study spatially synchronous two-agent navigation on a structured partially unknown graph. The general edge cost statistics are given, and the agents gather and share exact information on the cost of local edges. The agents purpose is to traverse the graph as efficiently as possible. In previous work, we formulate the problem as a dynamic program, and exploit the structure of an equivalent linear program to compute the optimal value function. Here, we use the optimal policy to formulate a Markov chain with an infinite number of states whose properties we analyze. We present a method that computes the steady state probability distribution of the agent separation, exploiting the repetitive structure of the Markov chain as the agent separation goes to infinity. The results confirms and quantify the intuition that the less rewards, the more beneficial for the agents to spread out.
Impact of Adolescent Alcohol and Drug Use on Neuropsychological Functioning in Young Adulthood: 10-Year Outcomes

BACKGROUND: Alcohol and other substance use disorders (AUD/SUD) are common among youth and often continue into adulthood; therefore, the neurocognitive effects of substance use are of great concern. Because neuromaturation continues into young adulthood, youth with AUD/SUD may be at risk for lasting cognitive decrements. This study prospectively examines neuropsychological functioning over 10 years as a function of AUD/SUD history and outcomes. METHODS: The 51 participants consisted of 18 youth with persisting AUD/SUD, 19 youth with remitted AUD/SUD, and 14 community youth with no AUD/SUD history followed over 10 years (ages 16 to 27 on average) with neuropsychological testing and substance use interviews on 8 occasions. Neuropsychological performance from baseline to 10-year follow-up was compared between the three groups. RESULTS: Despite scoring higher than controls at intake, both AUD/SUD groups showed a relative decline in visuospatial construction at 10-year follow-up (p=.001). Regressions showed that alcohol use (β=-.33, p < .01) and drug withdrawal symptoms (β=-.31, p<.05) over follow-up were predictive of year 10 visuospatial function. Alcohol use also predicted verbal learning and memory (β=-.28, p<.05), while stimulant use predicted visual learning and memory function (β=-.33, p=.01). More recent substance use was associated with poorer executive function (β=.28, p<.05). DISCUSSION: These findings confirm prior studies suggesting that heavy, chronic alcohol and other substance use persisting from adolescence to young adulthood may produce cognitive disadvantages, primarily in visuospatial and memory abilities. Youth who chronically consume heavy quantities of alcohol and/or experience drug withdrawal symptoms may be particularly at risk for cognitive deterioration by young adulthood.
Autophagy levels are elevated in barrett's esophagus and promote cell survival from acid and oxidative stress.

Autophagy is a highly conserved mechanism that is activated during cellular stress. We hypothesized that autophagy may be induced by acid reflux, which causes injury, and inflammation, and therefore, contributes to the pathogenesis of Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Currently, the role of autophagy in BE and EAC is poorly studied. We quantitatively define autophagy levels in human BE cell lines, a transgenic mouse model of BE, and human BE, and EAC biopsies. Human non-dysplastic BE had the highest basal number of autophagic vesicles (AVs), while AVs were reduced in normal squamous cells and dysplastic BE cells, and nearly absent in EAC. To demonstrate a functional role for autophagy in BE pathogenesis, normal squamous (STR), non-dysplastic BE (CPA), dysplastic BE (CPD), and EAC (OE19) cell lines were exposed to an acid pulse (pH 3.5) followed by incubation in the presence or absence of chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor. Acid exposure increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in STR and CPA cells. Chloroquine alone had a small impact on intracellular ROS or cell survival. However, combination of chloroquine with the acid pulse resulted in a significant increase in ROS levels at 6 h in STR and CPA cells, and increased cell death in all cell lines. These findings establish increased numbers of AVs in human BE compared to normal squamous or EAC, and suggest that autophagy functions to improve cell survival after acid reflux injury. Autophagy may thus play a critical role in BE pathogenesis and progression. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contrasts: providing insight into the design of efficient industrial experiments

The use of contrasts as a design of experiments teaching tool is considered. The concept of contrasts and an application presented. The tool is useful in identifying an efficient set of experimental runs in what might otherwise be a full factorial experiment. Contrasts may also be used to analyze the data that come out of the experiment. The easiest way to learn about contrasts is by applying them to the analysis of data. Insights from that application facilitate the understanding of how contrasts contribute to identifying an efficient set of experimental runs. >
Accessing Adolescents A School-Recruited, Home-Based Approach to Conducting Media and Health Research

This article describes a protocol that was effective in collecting media-use pattern and sensitive health data from young adolescents. Students from three public school districts in the southeastern United States were recruited to participate in a study of the impact of the media on adolescents’ sexual health. Using a 34-page mailed survey, extensive media-use pattern data were gathered from 3,261 7th and 8th graders (a 65% response rate) after students were recruited in schools and parents mailed back consent forms. The media sample included responses from a large number of Black teens and males, subgroups that have been understudied in media research. A subsample of students who completed the media questionnaire was then recruited to participate in a 45-minute audio computer-assisted self-interview in-home health and sexuality interview. A random sample of 1,074 adolescents (a 90% response rate), stratified into equal Black and White male and female strata, completed the health survey. Both the media and the health samples were representative of the entire school population from which the samples were drawn. Strategies that were effective in recruiting respondents are discussed.
Geology of the Connecticut Lakes-Parmachenee Area, New Hampshire and Maine

The Connecticut Lakes-Parmachenee area, in northernmost New Hampshire and northwesternmost Maine, is underlain principally by Lower to Middle Paleozoic clastic sediments, and felsic and mafic volcanic rocks, all of low metamorphic grade. The area includes a section of the entire northwest flank of the Boundary Mountains anticlinorium (the southeast flank of the Connecticut Valley-Gaspe synclinorium) and part of the axial region of the latter synclinorium. Approximately 23,000 feet of Ordovician, and perhaps some Cambrian, strata are represented. These include, from oldest to youngest, the Aziscohos, Albee, and Dixville formations, the last containing the coarse, clastic Magalloway Member in the Maine part of the area. These rocks were folded during the Taconic orogeny. Along the Taconic unconformity are very local, thin Upper Silurian limestones, and to the northwest lie about 20,000 feet of Devonian strata, constituting the Seboomook and overlying Frontenac formations. The Compton Formation, believed to be equivalent to the Seboomook across a synclinal axis, may appear at the northwest corner of the area. The stratified rocks are intruded by a granodiorite stock of probable Taconic age, and by two granitic stocks and many microgranite lenses, a gabbro and a tonalite stock, many gabbro sills, and a few small serpentinites and peridotites, all of Acadian age. Study of the minor structures shows that the Cambro-Ordovician rocks were deformed and strengthened by recrystallization at low temperatures during the Taconic orogeny, but the principal metamorphism and regional deformation were Acadian.
General, special and … inclusive: Refiguring professional identities in a collaboratively taught classroom

Abstract In implementing inclusive education, special educators frequently collaborate with general educators in various settings. How does such collaborative practice complicate the configuration of their professional identities? This paper uses the framework of figured world ( Holland, Lachiotte, Skinner, & Cain, 1998 ) to scrutinize the practice of one special educator, Stephanie. Alternatively assuming both subordinate and lead positions within a collaborative teaching team, Stephanie refigured her professional identity and practice contingently, initiating a trajectory of change that extended to “out-of-classroom” spaces ( Clandinin & Connolly, 1996 ). Stephanie’s improvisations in this process index the significance of teachers’ authorial spaces in the implementation of inclusive education.
Reading and Writing Competencies of Adolescents with Learning Disabilities

The current practice of minimum competency testing (MCT) presents a number of problems for regular students and their peers with handicaps. In this research, the communication performance of students with learning disabilities and that of their regular class peers on the Florida State Student Assessment Test-II (SSAT-II) was analyzed; item performance, skill performance, and mastery scores were tabulated and compared. Also analyzed were employers' opinions about the importance of communication skills assessed on the SSAT-II; the relative importance of various skills to employers was tabulated and compared for adolescents with learning disabilities. Identified were strengths and weaknesses in basic communication skills competence and relations among these skills performances and employer opinions. In general, this group of exceptional students performed better on skills requiring literal use of communication skills and worse on skills requiring application of communication knowledge. Employers' ratings of ...
Transforming Academia: Challenges and Opportunities for an Engaged Anthropology.

Transforming Academia: Challenges and Opportunities for an Engaged Anthropology. Linda G. Basch. Lucie Wood Saunders. Jagna Wojcicka Sharff. and James Peacock. eds. Arlington, VA: American Anthropological Association, 1999. 307 pp.
The current state of microbial proteomics: Where we are and where we want to go

Proteomics allows the assessment of cellular processes in an unprecedented scale by providing a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative overview of the protein content of a cell. Consequently, proteomics has been employed to investigate a multitude of bacterial processes ranging from the analysis of environmental communities, identification of virulence factors to the proteome-guided optimization of production strains. Proteomics has, in short, become an indispensable tool for the global analysis of bacterial physiology. Nonetheless, challenges exist, especially in the accurate prediction of phenotypic consequences based on any given proteome composition. In this review, we will give an overview of current highlights in the area of microbial proteomics, discuss some current challenges and present new developments that may help in overcoming them.
Radiographic Changes and Fracture in Patients Having Received Bisphosphonate Therapy for ≥5 Years at a Single Institution

ABSTRACT Introduction: Bisphosphonates have been shown to reduce the incidence of vertebral fractures, as well as intertrochanteric and femoral neck fractures; however, data also demonstrate the association of prolonged use and atypical femur fractures. We intend to report the incidence of atypical femur fractures and cortical irregularities in patients from a single institution having received prolonged bisphosphonate therapy. Methods: A retrospective review of the pharmaceutical database was performed for all patients who were prescribed bisphosphonates at a single institution from 2002 to 2012. People taking bisphosphonates for ≥5 years were included. Those identified as having adequate radiographs with visualization of at least 5-cm distal to the lesser trochanter were selected. Radiographs were reviewed for evidence of atypical femur fractures or lateral cortical beaking. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed to determine any prodromal symptoms or clinical risk factors. Results: A total of 7,...
Near-field thermal electromagnetic transport: An overview

Abstract A general near-field thermal electromagnetic transport formalism that is independent of the size, shape and number of heat sources is derived. The formalism is based on fluctuational electrodynamics, where fluctuating currents due to thermal agitation are added to Maxwell’s curl equations, and is thus valid for heat sources in local thermodynamic equilibrium. Using a volume integral formulation, it is shown that the proposed formalism is a generalization of the classical electromagnetic scattering framework in which thermal emission is implicitly assumed to be negligible. The near-field thermal electromagnetic transport formalism is afterwards applied to a problem involving three spheres with size comparable to the wavelength, where all multipolar interactions are taken into account. Using the thermal discrete dipole approximation, it is shown that depending on the dielectric function, the presence of a third sphere slightly affects the spatial distribution of power absorbed compared to the two-sphere case. A transient analysis shows that despite a non-uniform spatial distribution of power absorbed, the sphere temperature remains spatially uniform at any instant due to the fact that the thermal resistance by conduction is much smaller than the resistance by radiation. The formalism proposed in this paper is general, and could be used as a starting point for adapting solution methods employed in traditional electromagnetic scattering problems to near-field thermal electromagnetic transport.