cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stability of deep donor and acceptor centers in GaN, AlN, and BN

We examine the atomic and electronic structure of substitutional Be, Mg, and C acceptor impurities and of Si, Ge, S, and O donor impurities in GaN, AlN, and BN through first-principles calculations. The small bond lengths in III-V nitrides are found to inhibit large lattice relaxations around impurities and, with a few exceptions, this leads to a significant stabilization of effective-mass states over deep centers despite the large band gaps of these materials. In particular, we find that Ge and S impurities do not have stable or even metastable DX centers in GaN, AlN, or BN, independent of crystal structure. Similarly, the effective-mass states of Be, Mg, and C acceptor impurities in GaN are found to be more stable than the corresponding deep AX centers. We propose that persistent photoconductivity in Mg-doped GaN arises from the bistability of a N-site vacancy that is accompanied by a charge-state change from +3e to +1e.
On the cohomology of incidence algebras of partially ordered sets

(1990). On the cohomology of incidence algebras of partially ordered sets. Communications in Algebra: Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 873-887.
Audio tools for sports fan interaction

In this paper we describe the process of conceptualizing, testing and designing an audio-based online chat system for a virtual community of sports fans.
Integrating Classwide Early Literacy Intervention and Behavioral Supports: A Pilot Investigation.

Kindergarten Peer Assisted Learning Strategies and directly teaching and reinforcing behavioral expectations are empirically supported interventions for building early literacy skills and increasing on-task behavior, respectively. Previous research has not investigated the application of both academic and behavior interventions simultaneously to prevent reading failure. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of KPALS with and without a classroom management strategy (CMS) consisting of posting and teaching classroom expectations and reinforcing them via a token economy for 20 kindergarten students from an urban elementary school in the northeastern United States. Results indicated an increase in the level of active engagement and teacher-directed instruction with the implementation of KPALS and CMS. Moreover, a clear improvement in students’ academic skills occurred with the addition of the CMS. Future research and practical implications are discussed.
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Escape Variants, Induced Mutations, and Synthetic Peptides Define a Dominant H-2Kb-Restricted Determinant in Simian Virus 40 Tumor Antigen

Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with syngeneic cells transformed by simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40 T ag) induces the generation of T antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) which are restricted by the major histocompatibility class I antigens H-2Db and H-2Kb. Previous studies have shown that the H-2Db-restricted CTL response is directed to at least three distinct epitopes (I, II/III, and V) in the SV40 T antigen which have been precisely mapped using deletion mutagenesis and overlapping synthetic peptides. Although in vivo the CTL response to SV40 T antigen is dominated by the H-2Kb class I antigen, the precise location of the H-2Kb-restricted epitope(s) was not known, and whether there was multiplicity of H-2Kb-restricted epitopes remained unclear. In this study, we have defined the minimal recognition epitope for the SV40-specific H-2Kb-restricted CTL clone Y-4 as T antigen residues 404-411 by using T antigen deletion and point mutants and synthetic peptides. DNA sequence analysis of the region encoding residues 404-411 from the T antigens expressed in three independently isolated CTL clone Y-4 escape variants identified inactivating mutations capable of abrogating CTL recognition. Estimation of CTL precursor (CTLp) frequencies by limiting dilution analysis revealed that CTLp specific for epitope IV represent a large percentage of the total CTL response elicited by the intact T antigen in H-2b mice. Immunization of B6 mice with cells expressing a T antigen derivative deleted of residues 404-411 revealed that site IV represents the only immunodominant H-2Kb-restricted epitope within T antigen.
Advances in magnetic resonance imaging: cine MRI and flow velocity mapping

Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful tool for evaluating the variety of abnormalities that occur in congenital heart disease. Specific morphological queries regarding arterial and venous connections, thoracic and visceral situs, valvar relationships and great vessel anatomy can be answered in great detail with standard spin-echo imaging techniques. The continuing technological development of magnetic resonance imaging, however, has allowed analysis of parameters that may aid in further defining the unique physiological processes and function associated with congenital cardiovascular disease. The two techniques that have gleaned the most information are: (1) cine magnetic resonance imaging, where moving images of the heart are obtained throughout the entire cardiac cycle in any desired orientation; and (2) velocity flow mapping that permits quantitative calculations of blood flow, analysis of ventricular filling patterns and valvular regurgitation and measurement of peak velocities for estimating pressure gradients at sites of stenosis. The successful blending of both anatomic information and unique functional data in a non-invasive test make magnetic resonance imaging a robust diagnostic tool for evaluating congenital heart disease.
Structure H and structure I hydrate equilibrium data for 2,2-dimethylbutane with methane and xenon

Three-phase (ice + hydrate + vapor and liquid water + hydrate + vapor) equilibrium data are presented for xenon structure I (sI) hydrate in the temperature range 228−288 K. Four-phase (ice + hydrate + liquid hydrocarbon + vapor and liquid water + hydrate + liquid hydrocarbon + vapor) equilibrium data are reported for structure H (sH) hydrates of xenon + 2,2-dimethylbutane and methane + 2,2-dimethylbutane. The data for both of the latter systems indicated two invariant five-phase points (I + liquid water + sH + V + liquid hydrocarbon) at 273.15 K while the data for the water + xenon + 2,2-dimethylbutane system indicated an additional quintuple point (liquid water + sI + sH + vapor + liquid hydrocarbon) at 283.2 K.
Optical mode converter integration with InP-InGaAsP active and passive waveguides using a single regrowth process

A new method for integration of optical mode converters with InP-based photonic integrated circuits is described and demonstrated. The mode converter is integrated to a Sampled Grating DBR (SG-DBR) laser to demonstrate integration and to facilitate accurate fiber-coupling loss measurements. The entire fabrication process requires a single MOCVD regrowth, making it compatible with low-cost integration with other photonic components. The mode converter utilizes a vertically tapered geometry and yields a record 86% coupling efficiency using a lensed, uncoated, single-mode fiber. Cleaved fiber to InP-based waveguide coupling loss sensitivity is measured to be better than 1 dB with /spl plusmn/ 1.85-/spl mu/m lateral fiber misalignment and /spl plusmn/1.5-/spl mu/m transversal fiber misalignment.
Fully integrated frequency and phase generation for a 6–18GHz tunable multi-band phased-array receiver in CMOS

Fully integrated frequency-phase generators for a 6-18 GHz wide-band phased-array receiver element are presented that generate 5-7 GHz and 9-12 GHz first LO signals with less than -95 dBc/Hz phase noise at 100 kHz offset. Second LO signals with digitally controllable four-quadrant phase- and amplitude spread with better than 3deg resolution are generated and allow removal of systematic reference clock skew as well as accurate selection of the received signal phase. This frequency- and phase generation scheme was successfully demonstrated in a 6-18 GHz receiver system configured as an electrical 4-element array.
Linkages between Summer Rainfall Variability over South America and Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

Abstract A reconstructed rainfall dataset, and satellite estimates are used to analyze interannual to decadal variability of austral summer precipitation over South America. Rotated empirical orthogonal function (REOF) analysis is applied to isolate dominant patterns of rainfall. Links of these patterns to sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) are examined. The leading mode is related to El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which explains 12% of the total variance. During warm ENSO events, the positive phase of this mode shows dry conditions over northern South America and wet conditions over the subtropical plains between 25° and 35°S. The situation reverses during cold events. The second REOF 2, which explains about 10.8% of the total variance, consists of positive loadings over northeast Brazil centered at 50°W near the equator and negative loadings over Colombia and the subtropical plains. For December–January–February (DJF), REOF 2 is influenced by tropical South Atlantic SSTAs through displaceme...
An Extended Algorithm For The Second Order Ale

A second order IIR adaptive filter has been proposed for use as an adaptive line enhancer (ALE). The approach taken to date has been to allow the complex conjugate poles to adapt along an arc at a fixed radius inside the unit circle. Selection of a radius near unity results in a filter response with a sharp resonant peak, which is a desirable characteristic for an ALE. Unfortunately, the gradient of the related MSE performance surface becomes increasingly nonuniform as the pole radius approaches the unit circle. In this paper, we extend the adaptive algorithm to include adjustment of the pole radius. process with a relatively small radius and allowing it to increase as the system adapts, the rate of convergence can be improved. By initializing the adaptive
On an adjacency property of graphs

A graph G has property A(m, n, k) if for any sequence of m + n distinct points of G, there are at least k other points, each of which is adjacent to the first m points of the sequence but not adjacent to any of the latter n points. the minimum order among all graphs with property A(m, n, k) is denoted a(m, n, k). Bounds are given on the numbers a(m, n, k) and some exact results are indicated.
Effect of trap design and sex attractant release rates on tomato pinworm catches.

Adults of Keiferia lycopersicella (Walsingham) were monitored with a synthetic sex attractant in a fall planting of fresh market tomatoes to determine the most effective trap type and attractant release rates. Zoecon IC® sticky traps were 6 times more effective in trapping tomato pinworm moths than Delta® sticky traps and mineral oil traps. An inverse relationship existed between attractant release rate (fibers per dispenser) and trapping efficiency in all trap types. Lower release rates (1 and 3 fibers/dispenser) resulted in significantly higher trap catches than higher release rates (10,30, and 100 fibers/dispenser) with a progressive significant reduction in trap catch with each increase in fiber numbers above 3/dispenser. In a further comparison of release rates, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 fibers/dispenser were compared in Zoecon IC traps. Single fiber dispensers were not significantly different from 0.5- or 3-fiber dispensers, but were significantly more effective than 5, 7, or 9 fibers. Regular renewal of fibers decreased trapping efficiency at the 5 fibers/dispenser release rate.
Observations on the occurrence of Pasteurella testudinis in clinical specimens from animals.

An indole-producing hemolytic gram-negative bacterium described as intermediate between Pasteurek haemolytica was isolated from the respiratory tract of healthy and diseased and P. trehalosi, traditionally known as the A and T types, desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizi) and subsequently derespectively, of P. haemolytica. 5,7 The present communicascribed as Pasteurella testudinis n. SP. The circumstances tion reports on the prevalence and distribution of P. testudinis under which this bacterium was first recognized suggest that in clinical material and its association with diseases observed it is a commensal inhabitant of mucous membranes of the at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of upper respiratory and alimentary tract with possible opporCalifornia-Davis, from its first identification in 1982 to the tunistic pathogenic capabilities. Its taxonomic position was spring of 1990. All cultures of specimens from which P. testudinis was eventually recovered were inoculated on 5% bovine blood From the Microbiology Service, Veterinary Medical Teaching agar a and incubated at 37 C under 95% air-5% CO,. Cultures Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA 95616. of purulent or necrotic material, transtracheal aspirates, and Received for publication August 18, 1990. lungs and pleural or peritoneal fluid were also carried out on
Traumatic lacerations: what are the risks for infection and has the `golden period' of laceration care disappeared?

Objective To determine risk factors associated with infection and traumatic lacerations and to see if a relationship exists between infection and time to wound closure after injury. Methods Consecutive patients presenting with traumatic lacerations at three diverse emergency departments were prospectively enrolled and 27 variables were collected at the time of treatment. Patients were followed for 30 days to determine the development of a wound infection and desire for scar revision. Results 2663 patients completed follow-up and 69 (2.6%, 95% CI 2.0% to 3.3%) developed infection. Infected wounds were more likely to receive a worse cosmetic rating and more likely to be considered for scar revision (RR 2.6, 95% CI 1.7 to 3.9). People with diabetes (RR 2.70, 95% CI 1.1 to 6.5), lower extremity lacerations (RR 4.1, 95% CI 2.5 to 6.8), contaminated lacerations (RR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.4) and lacerations greater than 5 cm (RR 2.9, 95% CI 1.6 to 5.2) were more likely to develop an infection. There were no differences in the infection rates for lacerations closed before 3% (95% CI 2.3% to 3.8%) or after 1.2% (95% CI 0.03% to 6.4%) 12 h. Conclusions Diabetes, wound contamination, length greater than 5 cm and location on the lower extremity are important risk factors for wound infection. Time from injury to wound closure is not as important as previously thought. Improvements in irrigation and decontamination over the past 30 years may have led to this change in outcome.
On the phonological status of Spanish compound words

Primarily inspired by Bustos de Gisbert (1986), Hualde (2006/2007), and Moyna (2011), specifically by their comments on stress deletion in the left members of some Spanish compounds, the current investigation fills a gap in this field by conducting an acoustic analysis of fundamental frequency evidence of stress in Spanish compounds and phonologically classifying them through the Autosegmental-Metrical model. Using a data elicitation task of 30 noun+noun compounds demonstrating syntactic, semantic, orthographic, and phonological variation, eight speakers of Mexican Spanish recorded two iterations of each compound, which is embedded at the beginning or at the end of a declarative carrier phrase. The acoustic analysis reveals that, as expected, right members categorically exhibit F0 evidence of stress. However, only the 15 compounds written as two orthographic units show strong evidence of left stress. This is especially so in utterance-initial position. The number of unstressed syllables between left and r...
Large-amplitude free and driven drop-shape oscillations - Experimental observations

A quantitative study of some nonlinear aspects of drop-shape oscillations in a liquid-liquid system has been completed. The results suggest a soft nonlinearity in the fundamental resonant mode frequency as the oscillation amplitude is increased. Indications of an increase in the rate of decay have also been obtained. A study of the internal flow fields has revealed patterns of circulation not present at low amplitude.
A planar near-field to far-field transformation using an equivalent magnetic current approach

A method is presented for computing far-field antenna patterns from near-field measurements. The method utilizes near-field data to determine equivalent magnetic current sources over a fictitious planar surface which encompasses the antenna, and these currents are used to ascertain the farfields. An electric field integral equation is developed to relate the near fields to the equivalent magnetic currents. A method of moments procedure is used to transform the integral equation into a matrix one. The matrix equation is solved with the conjugate gradient method (CGM), and, in the case of a rectangular matrix, a least-squares solution for the currents is found without explicitly computing the normal form of the equation. Near-field to far-field transformation for planar scanning may be efficiently performed under certain conditions by exploiting the block Toeplitz structure of the matrix and using CGM and the fast Fourier-transform (CGFFT), thereby drastically reducing computation and storage requirements. Numerical results are presented by extrapolating the far fields using experimental near-field data. >
Idiopathic pseudoaneurysm of mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa with rupture into the left atrium.

A 30-year-old male presented with insidious onset of dyspnoea of NYHA class II and frequent palpitations over 6 months. Examination revealed cardiomegaly with hyperdynamic apex and grade 4/6 apical pansystolic murmur. Transthoracic echocardiography in a parasternal long axis demonstrated a large pulsatile echo-free aneurysmal sac from the distal left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT; Panel A and see Supplementary data online, Videos S1 and S2 ). Transoesophageal imaging profiled the sac with an 8-mm wide neck at the LVOT, close to the aortic valve and a 10-mm wide communication with the left atrium (LA; Panel B ). This led to a large, …
Sources and Sinks of Available Potential Energy in a Moist Atmosphere

Abstract Available potential energy (APE) is defined as the difference between the total static energy of the atmosphere and that of a reference state that minimizes the total static energy after a sequence of reversible adiabatic transformations. Determining the rate at which APE is generated in the atmosphere allows one to estimate the amount of kinetic energy that can be generated by atmosphere flows. Previous expressions for the sources and sinks of APE rely on a dry framework and are limited by the fact that they require prior knowledge of the distribution of latent heat release by atmospheric motion. In contrast, this paper uses a moist APE framework to derive a general formula for the sources and sinks of APE that can be equally applied to dry and moist circulations. Two key problems are addressed here. First, it is shown that any reorganization of the reference state due to diabatic heating or addition of water does not change its total static energy. This property makes it possible to determine t...
Angiosarcoma developing after curative induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.

Background. Angiosarcoma arising after radiation is described in breast cancer but occurs elsewhere. Here, we present an angiosarcoma of the neck occurring after curative chemoradiation. Methods. This is a case of angiosarcoma developing 5 years after curative therapy for T3N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx. Therapy consisted of 3 cycles of induction cis- platin/5-fluorouracil chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. The patient did well until developing a rapidly progressive lesion of the left neck. Examination showed a 7-cm mass and biopsy revealed angiosarcoma. CT scans assessed the local extent of the tumor and ruled out metastatic disease prior to initiating therapy. Results. Therapy consisted of 4 cycles of paclitaxel chemo- therapy. At completion, examination revealed mild induration of the neck with near-complete resolution of the mass. Imaging confirmed this excellent response. Conclusion. This rare therapy-related second malignancy developed after curative larynx-preserving treatment. Paclitaxel was an effective therapy in this setting. V C 2008 Wiley Periodi- cals, Inc. Head Neck 31: 829-832, 2009
Drivers of biodiagnostic development

The promise of point-of-care medical diagnostics — tests that can be carried out at the site of patient care — is enormous, bringing the benefits of fast and reliable testing and allowing rapid decisions on the course of treatment to be made. To this end, much innovation is occurring in technologies for use in biodiagnostic tests. Assays based on nanomaterials, for example, are now beginning to make the transition from the laboratory to the clinic. But the potential for such assays to become part of routine medical testing depends on many scientific factors, including sensitivity, selectivity and versatility, as well as technological, financial and policy factors.
A systematic review of the effects of acupuncture in treating insomnia

To examine the extent to which research supports the use of acupuncture in treating insomnia, a systematic review was conducted that included not only clinical trials, but also case series in both English and Chinese literature. Thirty studies were included in the review, 93% of which showed positive treatment effects of acupuncture in improving various aspects of sleep. Although acupuncture has been demonstrated to be safe and holds great potential to be an effective treatment modality for insomnia, the evidence is limited by the quality of these studies and mixed results from those with sham (or unreal treatment) controls. Of the thirty studies, twelve were clinical trials with only three double-blinded. Only five used sham controls, and of these, four showed statistically significant differences favoring real treatments; however, none evaluated the adequacy of sham assignment. Three studies used actigraphy or polysomnography as objective outcome measures. The considerable heterogeneity of acupuncture techniques and acupoint selections among all studies made the results difficult to compare and integrate. High-quality randomized clinical trials of acupuncture in treating insomnia, with proper sham and blinding procedures will be required in the future. This review highlights aspects of acupuncture treatments important to guide future research and clinical practice.
VOCs Emissions from Multiple Wood Pellet Types and Concentrations in Indoor Air

Wood pellet storage safety is an important aspect for implementing woody biomass as a renewable energy source. When wood pellets are stored indoors in large quantities (tons) in poorly ventilated spaces in buildings, such as in basements, off-gassing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can significantly affect indoor air quality. To determine the emission rates and potential impact of VOC emissions, a series of laboratory and field measurements were conducted using softwood, hardwood, and blended wood pellets manufactured in New York. Evacuated canisters were used to collect air samples from the headspace of drums containing pellets and then in basements and pellet storage areas of homes and small businesses. Multiple peaks were identified during GC/MS and GC/FID analysis, and four primary VOCs were characterized and quantified: methanol, pentane, pentanal, and hexanal. Laboratory results show that total VOCs (TVOCs) concentrations for softwood (SW) were statistically (p < 0.02) higher than blended or ha...
Three-dimensional transfer-function of an inhomogeneously broadened atomic medium for all optical spatio-temporal video clip correlation

We show that an opto-atomic spatio-temporal correlator that recognizes rapidly a video clip contained in a video file in a temporally and spatially shift invariant manner can be modeled as a one-term, three-dimensional transfer function.
Cross-Contamination of Red Blood Cell Unit Samples Associated With Scissors Cutting of Segments

Use of scissors for cutting segments from RBC units is the prevalent technique for obtaining blood samples to type, crossmatch, and screen for specific blood group antigens. Concerns associated with this technique include safety issues for technologists (eg, blood splatter, sharp injuries) and the potential for blood sample cross-contamination between sequential segment cuttings. We documented unequivocally that the use of improper scissors technique (ie, inadequate cleaning of scissors between sequential segment cuttings) can be associated with cross-contamination of RBC samples from segments. The study underscores the need for improved segment sampling techniques to eliminate the potential of cross-contamination. This problem could be obviated by implementation of single-use segment sampling devices or by enforcing rigorous standard operating procedures for cleaning and wiping scissors between sequential segment cuttings.
Three hospital admissions in 9 days to diagnose azathioprine hypersensitivity in a patient with Crohn's disease.

Abstract Azathioprine (AZA) is commonly used as a steroid-sparing immunosuppressive medication for the treatment of immune-mediated disorders including Crohn's disease. There is ample awareness of the more common adverse effects of this drug, including myelosuppression and risk of malignancy. We present a case of a 57-year-old man with fistulizing Crohn's disease who underwent 3 hospital admissions for recurrent fever with an extensive work-up for infection before the diagnosis of AZA hypersensitivity was made. Clinicians should be vigilant for AZA hypersensitivity as a cause of otherwise unexplained fever. Furthermore, in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the signs and symptoms of AZA hypersensitivity may overlap with typical findings of inflammatory bowel disease flare.
Concussion in the military: an evidence-base review of mTBI in US military personnel focused on posttraumatic headache

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as an alteration in brain function caused by an external force. Mild TBI or concussion is now well recognized to be a risk of military service as well as participation in athletic sports such as football. Posttraumatic headache (PTH) is the most common symptom after mTBI in US service members. PTH most commonly presents with migraine-like headache features. The following is an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical course, prognosis, complications, and treatment of mTBI and associated comorbidities with a focus on PTH. There is a particular emphasis on emerging evidence-based clinical practice. One important medical consequence of the recognition that mTBI is a highly prevalent among military service members is that the Department of Defense (DoD) is dedicating significant financial and intellectual resources to better understanding and developing treatments for TBI. The identification of the importance of TBI among the US military population has had the added benefit of increasing awareness of this condition among civilian populations, particularly those engaged in both professional and youth sports. The NIH and NSF are also supporting important TBI research. President Obama's Brain Initiative is also providing additional impetus for these efforts. Unfortunately, the understanding of the acute and chronic effects of mTBI on the brain remains limited. Gratefully, there is hope that through innovative research, there will be advances in elucidating the underlying pathophysiology, which will lead to clinical and prognostic indicators, ultimately resulting in new treatment options for this very complicated set of disorders.
306 IMPACT OF COMBINED GASTRIC AND SACRAL STIMULATORS ON UPPER/LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL AND URINARY SYMPTOMS.

Introduction Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is available as a humanitarian use device for patients with the symptoms of gastroparesis and is effective in reducing gastrointestinal symptoms. We have previously shown that patients with gastric motor disorders often have coexisting abnormalities of the genitourinary system (Gastroenterology 1997;112:A737), which may now be treated with sacral electrical stimulation (SES), resulting in similar improvements in genitourinary symptoms. SES has been shown to be beneficial in controlling fecal incontinence and resistant idiopathic constipation. Patients We compared the results of therapy with GES and SES in 20 patients who were implanted with both devices. Data for 16 patients are complete for upper and lower gastrointestinal and urinary symptoms. Patients were 18 F, 2 M, mean age of 40 years, who had documented gastroparesis as well as bladder or other pelvic floor dysfunction. All 20 patients had received their GES before the SES. Methods Patients were evaluated at baseline and latest follow-up (median 4 years for GES and 2 years for SES). Scores of upper GI (GI: 0-4, TSS max 20), lower GI (GI: 0-4, TSS max 12 and BMs per day), and GU (GU: 0-3, UTSS, max 12) function were recorded. Results were compared by paired t-tests and reported as mean ± SE. Results All 16 patients improved both upper and lower GI and GU symptoms. Improvement in all parameters as nausea (2.75 vs 0.65), vomiting (3.98 vs 1.63), anorexia (3.48 vs 1.45), bloating (3.7 vs 1.98), abdominal pain (3.8 vs 1.4), and gastric total symptom score (TSS) (17.1 vs 7.1), leakage (1.74 vs 0.26), urinary urgency (1.74 vs 0.61), voiding difficulty (2.2 vs 0.38), number of pads used (1.08 vs 0.21) and urinary total symptom score (UTSS) (6.55 vs 1.13), fecal urgency (1.44 vs 1.0), constipation (2.81 vs 1.19), fecal total symptom score (5.0 vs 2.69), and number of BMs per day (1.12 vs 1.87) were statistically significant (Table). Conclusions The combination of GES and SES appears to be both safe and effective for patients with concomitant gastroparesis and bladder dysfunction, and SES improved coexistent fecal abnormalities as well.
QUANTITATIVE KOROVKIN'S APPROXIMATION THEOREM BY POSITIVE LINEAR OPERATORS IN L~ψ SPACES

The degree of approximation of uniform bounds positive linear operators in Lψ spaces is studied.The quantitative Korovkin's approximation theorem is obtained.
Conceptual issues and diagnostic updates on uterine serous carcinoma and its precursor

子宫内膜癌二元发病学说提出近30年[1],已被广泛接受,并对其临床处理发挥了重要的指导作用.Ⅰ型癌约占子宫内膜癌病例的70％～80％,Ⅱ型癌发病率较低,仅占10％～15％.然而,Ⅱ型癌却是主要死亡因素.在Ⅱ型癌中,子宫内膜浆液性癌(ESC)最常见且恶性程度最高.本文将对ESC的发病模式、癌前病变、诊断要点和分子生物学标志物等几个重要问题进行阐述,希望有助于临床诊治。
Paratesticular sarcomas: review of management.

AbstractTwo patients with paratesticular sarcomas (1 leiomyosarcoma and 1 liposarcoma) are described, making the total number of cases reported 206. A review of the diagnosis and a critical analysis of the therapeutic approaches are presented.
Recent developments in the diagnosis and management of mycobacterial infections.

As the number of newly identified cases of tuberculosis in the United States decreases, the relative importance of mycobacterial species other than M. tuberculosis increases. The incidence of such species and recent developments in increasing the sensitivity of the smear for acid-fast bacilli are detailed. Programs for monitoring primary drug resistance to M. tuberculosis and changes in the therapy for tuberculosis are also discussed.
Abstract CN04-04: Relationships between neighborhood characteristics, stress related biomarkers, and viral reactivation in the Texas City Stress and Health Study

The link between individual/family-level socioeconomic status (SES) and health has been well established in the scientific literature. Low SES is associated with lower life expectancy, higher mortality rates, and higher rates of chronic disease and functional limitations. Health outcomes are related to SES across the entire socioeconomic gradient; those with the highest SES have better health than those with the next highest SES, and so on. Despite the robust association between individual SES and health, inequalities in health are not fully accounted for by individual factors, indicating that unmeasured factors, perhaps operating at an aggregate level, must be contributing as well. Emphasizing the contributions of contextual factors to health, research on neighborhood-level effects posits that neighborhood context is related to health outcomes, net of individual factors. Ecological research consistently indicates that deprived neighborhoods and communities, in particular, have a higher prevalence of poor health outcomes. Consequently, many neighborhood-level studies have examined the health impact of neighborhood socioeconomic conditions. What is lacking in research on the effects of neighborhoods on health outcomes is documentation of the association of other aspects of the neighborhood, both objective (such as quality of the built environment) and subjective (satisfaction with neighborhood), and health outcomes. Furthermore, little if any research addresses the connection between neighborhood characteristics and physiological markers related to stress arising from living in poor environments. We address these issues with data from a community based sample living near petrochemical activity in Texas City, Texas (n=2706, interviews; n=1410, blood draws). Using Hierarchical Liner Models (HLM), we investigate the relationship of objective characteristics, including neighborhood socioeconomic status and quality of the built environment, along with subjective characteristics, including perceived crime and satisfaction with the neighborhood, with stress related biomarkers (e.g., C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin-1, 6, and 10) and viral reactivation. The results indicate that after adjusting for individual-level age, sex, ethnicity, education, income, smoking, and insurance status, there is little association between neighborhood socioeconomic status, quality of the built environment, or the subjective neighborhood characteristics and stress related biomarkers. However, higher quality of the built environment is protective against reactivation of Epstein Barr Virus - Early Antigen (OR=0.49, 0.31–0.79), and higher neighborhood socioeconomic status is associated with decreased likelihood of Herpes Simplex Virus reactivation 0.75 (0.61, 0.91). Findings from this preliminary investigation have the potential to inform research on mechanisms through which neighborhoods have effects on health outcomes.
The Archaeological Study of Sacrifice

Sacrifice is one of the most common manifestations of human religious thought and behavior, yet archaeology has only recently begun to devote significant attention to the practice. This article reviews the diverse ways in which archaeologists have studied sacrifice and how work might proceed in the future. Both animal and human sacrifice are considered, along with the question of whether these two manifestations of ritual killing are significantly distinct. After examining how sacrifice can be identified in the archaeological record, the review outlines important new developments in bioarchaeology and zooarchaeology that facilitate study of the geographical origin of victims, lifestyle, and health prior to sacrifice, preparations for sacrifice, methods of ritual killing, and postmortem treatment. Proceeding beyond the mechanics of the practice, the article discusses how archaeologists can study sacrifice in its social context as well as its spatial and temporal dimensions.
Skluma: A Statistical Learning Pipeline for Taming Unkempt Data Repositories

Scientists' capacity to make use of existing data is predicated on their ability to find and understand those data. While significant progress has been made with respect to data publication, and indeed one can point to a number of well organized and highly utilized data repositories, there remain many such repositories in which archived data are poorly described and thus impossible to use. We present Skluma---an automated system designed to process vast amounts of data and extract deeply embedded metadata, latent topics, relationships between data, and contextual metadata derived from related documents. We show that Skluma can be used to organize and index a large climate data collection that totals more than 500GB of data in over a half-million files.
Expectations in Numerical General Equilibrium Models

Abstract The assumptions of myopia and of perfect foresight define polar cases concerning the availability of information about the future. In this paper we have developed a consistent general equilibrium model in which the amount of information available can be varied systematically within these extremes. We also report and interpret the results of simulations of various tax policies under different specifications as to the amount of foresight which consumers have. One of our main findings is that the social value of additional foresight can be negative: more foresight can lead to lower welfare. This occurs under policies like a consumption tax which lead to capital deepening and a declining price of capital over time. To the extent that consumers have more foresight, they become better able to anticipate these declines in capital prices and they lower their estimation of the rate of return to capital. Consequently, they save less and, given the existence of taxes on capital and the discrepancy between the social and private return to capital, the reduction in saving leads to lower welfare. We suggest that the welfare impact of additional foresight is fundamentally connected to the discrepancy between the social value of the last dollar of saving and consumption in a second-best world. We test this hypothesis by performing simulations in a counterfactual world in which the marginal values of saving and consumption are closer to equality. Results from these simulations support our hypothesis, as the welfare effects of changes in foresight are significantly smaller. The level of foresight attributed to consumers can affect significantly the welfare gain or loss afforded by alternative tax policies, although policy changes which produce welfare gains under the assumption of myopic behavior also show gains under perfect foresight. We find that the welfare gain from adopting a consumption tax is reduced from 5 to 10 percent when we move from myopia to a great deal of foresight.
Uniquely Human: Cultural Norms and Private Acts of Mercy in the War Zone

War-zone mercy—sparing of one's culturally constructed enemies in the midst of organized group violence—is a political act but also a potentially empathically motivated one that has contributed to shared expressive gestures across cultural boundaries and to international laws of war. This article elucidates historical and cross-cultural norms for war-zone mercy in order to provide a theoretical framework for scholarly research examining this behavior and offers a case study with systematically collected data about war-zone mercy during Kenyan pastoralist Samburu experiences of coalitional lethal violence (low-intensity chronic warfare). As a whole, this article presents evidence from human and nonhuman animal studies that war-zone mercy is a uniquely human form of empathy-produced altruism. Humans may be trained or culturally conditioned to kill, and yet widely available historical and cross-cultural examples of war-zone mercy underscore the ways in which prosocial emotions like empathy reveal and pervade the human. [war, agency, prosocial emotion, altruism, Kenya]
DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER MODEL TO PREDICT AORTIC RUPTURE DUE TO IMPACT LOADING

Aortic injuries during blunt thoracic impacts can lead to life threatening hemorrhagic shock and potential exsanguination. Experimental approaches designed to study the mechanism of aortic rupture such as the testing of cadavers is not only expensive and time consuming, but has also been relatively unsuccessful. The objective of this study was to develop a computer model and to use it to predict modes of loading that are most likely to produce aortic ruptures. Previously, a 3D finite element model of the human thorax was developed and validated against data obtained from lateral pendulum tests. The model included a detailed description of the heart, lungs, rib cage, sternum, spine, diaphragm, major blood vessels and intercostal muscles. However, the aorta was modeled as a hollow tube using shell elements with no fluid within, and its material properties were assumed to be linear and isotropic. In this study fluid elements representing blood have been incorporated into the model in order to simulate pressure changes inside the aorta due to impact. The current model was globally validated against experimental data published in the literature for both frontal and lateral pendulum impact tests. Simulations of the validated model for thoracic impacts from a number of directions indicate that the ligamentum arteriosum, subclavian artery, parietal pleura and pressure changes within the aorta are factors that could influence aortic rupture. The model suggests that a right-sided impact to the chest is potentially more hazardous with respect to aortic rupture than any other impact direction simulated in this study. The aortic isthmus was the most likely site of aortic rupture regardless of impact direction. The reader is cautioned that this model could only be validated on a global scale. Validation of the kinematics and dynamics of the aorta at the local level could not be done due to a lack of experimental data. It is hoped that this model will be used to design experiments that can reproduce field relevant aortic ruptures in the laboratory. Only after such experiments have been run, can local validation be examined and the model judged to be acceptable or unacceptable.
Perception of intelligibility and qualities of non-native accented speakers.

Abstract Purpose To provide effective treatment to clients, speech-language pathologists must be understood, and be perceived to demonstrate the personal qualities necessary for therapeutic practice (e.g., resourcefulness and empathy). One factor that could interfere with the listener’s perception of non-native speech is the speaker’s accent. The current study explored the relationship between how accurately listeners could understand non-native speech and their perceptions of personal attributes of the speaker. Additionally, this study investigated how listeners’ familiarity and experience with other languages may influence their perceptions of non-native accented speech. Methods Through an online survey, native monolingual and bilingual English listeners rated four non-native accents (i.e., Spanish, Chinese, Russian, and Indian) on perceived intelligibility and perceived personal qualities (i.e., professionalism, intelligence, resourcefulness, empathy, and patience) necessary for speech-language pathologists. Results The results indicated significant relationships between the perception of intelligibility and the perception of personal qualities (i.e., professionalism, intelligence, and resourcefulness) attributed to non-native speakers. However, these findings were not supported for the Chinese accent. Bilingual listeners judged the non-native speech as more intelligible in comparison to monolingual listeners. No significant differences were found in the ratings between bilingual listeners who share the same language background as the speaker and other bilingual listeners. Conclusions Based on the current findings, greater perception of intelligibility was the key to promoting a positive perception of personal qualities such as professionalism, intelligence, and resourcefulness, important for speech-language pathologists. The current study found evidence to support the claim that bilinguals have a greater ability in understanding non-native accented speech compared to monolingual listeners. The results, however, did not confirm an advantage for bilingual listeners sharing the same language backgrounds with the non-native speaker over other bilingual listeners.
Simple expression for the quantum Fisher information matrix

Quantum Fisher information matrix (QFIM) is a cornerstone of modern quantum metrology and quantum information geometry. Apart from optimal estimation, it finds applications in description of quantum speed limits, quantum criticality, quantum phase transitions, coherence, entanglement, and irreversibility. We derive a surprisingly simple formula for this quantity, which, unlike previously known general expression, does not require diagonalization of the density matrix, and is provably at least as efficient. With a minor modification, this formula can be used to compute QFIM for any finite-dimensional density matrix. Because of its simplicity, it could also shed more light on the quantum information geometry in general.
Where Are iSchools Heading

iSchools are highly interdisciplinary in nature - hence the direction and vision of iSchools have attracted researchers from various disciplines in recent times. In this paper, we analyzed the contents of the courses offered by 22 iSchools from different parts of the world. Our system extracts information from the course descriptions offered by different iSchools and visualizes the current trend of offering more courses with substantially more emphasis on computation than other paradigms. The architecture of our system is simple yet powerful - which may encourage others to implement similar techniques in different iSchool-related research.
The State of Neonatal Follow-Up Programs

Neonatal follow-up (NFU) programs have existed for several decades and have evolved as mortality rates of high-risk infants have declined due to technological advances in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Initially developed as a way to audit these interventions following NICU discharge, NFU programs now serve a variety of roles that include research, teaching, surveillance, and neurodevelopmental assessments. Several surveys suggest wide variation in services provided/available, eligibility criteria, funding sources, and clinical structure. Standards of care are lacking. No-show rates to NFU are high and are associated with several sociodemographic and child factors. The successful future of NFU will depend on the role of the child’s medical home, developing meaningful outcome measures, and the needs of the region and community for which the NFU program is situated.
Effects of antibiotic resistance (AR) and microbiota shifts on Campylobacter jejuni-mediated diseases.

Campylobacter jejuni is an important zoonotic pathogen recently designated a serious antimicrobial resistant (AR) threat. While most patients with C. jejuni experience hemorrhagic colitis, serious autoimmune conditions can follow including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the acute neuropathy Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS). This review examines inter-relationships among factors mediating C. jejuni diarrheal versus autoimmune disease especially AR C. jejuni and microbiome shifts. Because both susceptible and AR C. jejuni are acquired from animals or their products, we consider their role in harboring strains. Inter-relationships among factors mediating C. jejuni colonization, diarrheal and autoimmune disease include C. jejuni virulence factors and AR, the enteric microbiome, and host responses. Because AR C. jejuni have been suggested to affect the severity of disease, length of infections and propensity to develop GBS, it is important to understand how these interactions occur when strains are under selection by antimicrobials. More work is needed to elucidate host-pathogen interactions of AR C. jejuni compared with susceptible strains and how AR C. jejuni are maintained and evolve in animal reservoirs and the extent of transmission to humans. These knowledge gaps impair the development of effective strategies to prevent the emergence of AR C. jejuni in reservoir species and human populations.