cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Broad P V Absorption in the QSO PG 1254+047: Column Densities, Ionizations, and Metal Abundances in Broad Absorption Line Winds

This paper discusses the detection of P V λλ1118, 1128 and other broad absorption lines (BALs) in archival Hubble Space Telescope spectra of the low-redshift BAL QSO PG 1254+047. The P V identification is secured by excellent redshift and profile coincidences with the other BALs, such as C IV λλ1548, 1550 and Si IV λλ1393, 1403, and by photoionization calculations showing that other lines near this wavelength, e.g., Fe III λ1123, should be much weaker than P V. The observed BAL strengths imply that either (1) there are extreme abundance ratios such as [C/H] +1.0, [Si/H] +1.8, and [P/C] +2.2, or (2) at least some of the lines are much more optically thick than they appear. I argue that the significant presence of P V absorption indicates severe line saturation, which is disguised in the observed (moderate-strength) BALs because the absorber does not fully cover the continuum source(s) along our line(s) of sight. The variety of observed BAL strengths and profiles results from a complex mixture of ionization, optical depth, and coverage fraction effects, making useful determinations of the abundance ratios impossible without a specific physical model. Computed optical depths for all UV resonance lines show that the observed BALs are consistent with solar abundances if (1) the ionization parameter is at least moderately high, log U -0.6, (2) the total hydrogen column density is log NH (cm-2) 22.0, and (3) the optical depths in strong lines like C IV and O VI λλ1032, 1038 are 25 and 80, respectively. These optical depths and column densities are at least an order of magnitude larger than expected from the residual intensities in the BAL troughs, but they are consistent with the large absorbing columns derived from X-ray observations of BAL QSOs. In particular, a nominal X-ray column density of log NH (cm-2) ~ 23 could produce the observed BAL spectrum if +0.4 log U +0.7 in a simple one-zone medium. The outflowing BAL region, at velocities from -15,000 to -27,000 km s-1 in PG 1254+047, is therefore a strong candidate for the X-ray absorber in BAL QSOs.
Connexin43 phosphorylation by PKC and MAPK signals VEGF-mediated gap junction internalization

Gap junctions (GJs) exhibit a complex modus of assembly and degradation to maintain balanced intercellular communication (GJIC). Several growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), have been reported to disrupt cell-cell junctions and abolish GJIC. VEGF directly stimulates VEGF-receptor tyrosine kinases on endothelial cell surfaces. Exposing primary porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) to VEGF for 15 min resulted in a rapid and almost complete loss of connexin43 (Cx43) GJs at cell-cell appositions and a concomitant increase in cytoplasmic, vesicular Cx43. After prolonged incubation periods (60 min), Cx43 GJs reformed and intracellular Cx43 were restored to levels observed before treatment. GJ internalization correlated with efficient inhibition of GJIC, up to 2.8-fold increased phosphorylation of Cx43 serine residues 255, 262, 279/282, and 368, and appeared to be clathrin driven. Phosphorylation of serines 255, 262, and 279/282 was mediated by MAPK, whereas serine 368 phosphorylation was mediated by PKC. Pharmacological inhibition of both signaling pathways significantly reduced Cx43 phosphorylation and GJ internalization. Together, our results indicate that growth factors such as VEGF activate a hierarchical kinase program--including PKC and MAPK--that induces GJ internalization via phosphorylation of well-known regulatory amino acid residues located in the Cx43 C-terminal tail.
Child temperament, parent emotions, and perceptions of the child’s feeding experience

Associations between parent and child characteristics and how they influence the approach parents take toward children in the feeding environment have not been examined extensively, especially in low-income minority families who are at a higher risk for obesity. The primary aim of the study was to examine positive and negative parent emotions as potential mediators of the relationship between child temperament and parents’ perceptions of strategy effectiveness and problems encountered in feeding children fruit and vegetables. Participants were low-income families (n = 639, 73% minority, children aged 3–5 years) participating in Head Start programs in two states. Parents completed the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and measures of strategy effectiveness (teachable moments, practical methods, restriction, and enhanced availability) and problems encountered (vegetable characteristics, child attributions for dislike, external influences, and parental demands) in feeding children fruit and vegetables. Positive parent emotions partially mediated the relationship between child Effortful Control and strategy effectiveness and fully mediated the relationship between Surgency and strategy effectiveness. Although negative parent emotions were associated with increased perception of problems in feeding children fruit and vegetables, the relationship between Negative Affectivity and problems in feeding was partially mediated by negative parent emotions. Positive parent emotions facilitated perceived effectiveness of feeding strategies, with child Effortful Control and Surgency instrumental to this process. Understanding mechanisms in parent–child feeding is important when developing interventions designed to promote healthy child eating behaviors.
Rhodoferax ferrireducens sp. nov., a psychrotolerant, facultatively anaerobic bacterium that oxidizes acetate with the reduction of Fe(III)

To further investigate the diversity of micro-organisms capable of conserving energy to support growth from dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction, Fe(III)-reducing micro-organisms were enriched and isolated from subsurface sediments collected in Oyster Bay, VA, USA. A novel isolate, designated T118T, was recovered in a medium with lactate as the sole electron donor and Fe(III) as the sole electron acceptor. Cells of T118T were Gram-negative, motile, short rods with a single polar flagellum. Strain T118T grew between pH 6·7 and 7·1, with a temperature range of 4–30 °C. The optimal growth temperature was 25 °C. Electron donors utilized by strain T118T with Fe(III) as the sole electron acceptor included acetate, lactate, malate, propionate, pyruvate, succinate and benzoate. None of the compounds tested was fermented. Electron acceptors utilized with either acetate or lactate as the electron donor included Fe(III)–NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid), Mn(IV) oxide, nitrate, fumarate and oxygen. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that strain T118T is most closely related to the genus Rhodoferax. Unlike other species in this genus, strain T118T is not a phototroph and does not ferment fructose. However, phototrophic genes may be present but not expressed under the experimental conditions tested. No Rhodoferax species have been reported to grow via dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction. Based on these physiological and phylogenetic differences, strain T118T (=ATCC BAA-621T=DSM 15236T) is proposed as a novel species, Rhodoferax ferrireducens sp. nov.
To Send or Not to Send: An Empirical Assessment of Error Reporting Behavior

This study examines user perceptions that play a critical role in driving error reporting system (ERS) usage intentions. Building on the technology acceptance model (TAM) and literature on donation behavior, we theorize that value compatibility, role transparency, process transparency, and work interruption influence ERS usefulness and ERS usage intentions. Results show that congruence with user's value system, role transparency, and process transparency are important determinants of ERS usefulness. A direct effect of value compatibility, process transparency, and work interruption on intention to use the ERS is also observed. More importantly, our study elaborates on the applicability of TAM and its variables beyond their originally defined constraint. Prescriptive guidelines on effective promotion and design of the ERS are offered.
A simulation based analysis of the impact of IEEE 802.15.4 MAC parameters on the performance under different traffic loads

IEEE 802.15.4, a MAC/PHY protocol for low power and low data rate wireless networks, is emerging as the popular choice for various monitoring and control applications. Depending on the application, the traffic load on an IEEE 802.15.4 network may vary over a wide range. The performance of the protocol, measured in terms of the packet loss probability and the packet latency, depends upon the prevailing traffic load among the nodes competing for channel access, the level of interference from the hidden nodes and the configuration of IEEE 802.15.4 MAC parameters. In this paper, we analyze via simulations the impact of different configurable MAC parameters on the performance of beaconless IEEE 802.15.4 networks under different traffic loads and under different levels of interference from the hidden nodes. Based on this analysis, we suggest the values of IEEE 802.15.4 MAC parameters that results in a good tradeoff between the packet loss probability and the packet latency under different conditions.
Stresses on pulmonary blood vessels.

This essay looks at the historical significance of two APS classic papers that are freely available online: Permutt S, Howell JBL, Proctor DF, and Riley RL. Effect of lung inflation on static press...
Reassessing embryogenesis in the Ctenophora: the inductive role of e1 micromeres in organizing ctene row formation in the ‘mosaic’ embryo, Mnemiopsis leidyi

Ctenophores are a phylum of diploblastic marine animals displaying biradial symmetry organized along an oral-aboral axis. One of the apomorphic sets of adult structures in ctenophores are the eight external comb rows, which run along the oral-aboral axis. Comb rows consist of serial arrays of individual comb plates of cilia, which beat in a coordinated fashion for locomotory behavior. Classical cell lineage experiments using chalk particles indicated that comb rows are derived exclusively from the four e1 micromeres at the 16-cell stage. This conclusion was also supported by the fact that no ctene rows (or their underlying endodermal canals) form when all four e1 micromeres were deleted. We have used intracellular diI cell lineage tracing to determine that, in addition to e1 micromeres, the four m1 micromeres also make significant contributions to the ctene rows. Thus, e1 micromere derivatives not only generate comb plates but are required for ctene row formation by m1 derivatives. These results demonstrate that inductive interactions are an important component of early development in ctenophores and indicate that e1 micromeres influence the development of adjacent cell lineages (both m1 and endodermal lineages) during ctenophore embryogenesis. In addition, intracellular labeling has revealed that there are subtle variations in the composition of clones derived from identified embryonic blastomeres. Together these findings reveal a picture of ctenophore embryogenesis, which is in marked contrast to the former rigid 'mosaic' reputation of ctenophore development, and invite speculation as to the role of the cleavage program in embryonic patterning in the lower Metazoa.
The Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Signaling Pathway Involvement in Cardiovascular Lesions in Mucopolysaccharidosis-I

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of genetic disorders due to deficiency of lysosomal enzymes resulting in impaired glycosaminoglycan metabolism. All types of MPS can present with cardiovascular manifestation, although MPS-I, II, and VI seem to have more severe involvement than the other types. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is available for MPS-I, II, and VI. Cardiovascular changes including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, thickened valvular lesions, and coronary artery lesions often poorly respond to ERT and are well known as leading causes of death in patients with MPS-I. The mechanisms to cause these changes in MPS-I have not been well characterized. Immunohistopathological studies were conducted on the cardiac specimens from a patient with MPS-I who died due to sudden cardiac failure. Phosphorylated Smad2 staining showed hyperactive transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signals in the intimal layer with myointimal proliferation causing stenosis in the coronary arteries as well as in the thickened endocardium and in the myocardial cells. TGF-β is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and vascular atherosclerosis. The primary mechanisms to cause hyperactive TGF-β signals in MPS-I are unknown. The similar mechanisms leading to hyperactive TGF-β signals may exist in the other types of MPS. The findings of TGF-β hyperactivity in the cardiovascular lesions in a patient with MPS-I may lead to a new therapeutic approach. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the effectiveness of the medications that suppress TGF-β signals, such as losartan, in preventing or improving cardiaovascular lesions in patients with MPS.
The Archive on Its Own: Black Politics, Independent Publishing, and The Negotiations

A couple of decades have passed since the heyday of African American literature’s canon formation—that period from the 1970s to the 1990s when primary sources were scoured for material that could be excerpted in anthologies, forgotten texts were given a new lease on life through reprints and scholarly editions, and mislaid or previously unknown works were excavated from dusty archives and made public for the first time. These efforts not only established the fact of a long-standing African American literary tradition but also legitimated the professional study of that tradition. It was a time of literary recovery and constitution, a time when demanding academic recognition was the name of the game. Today, several years removed from institutionalization, African American literary studies is witnessing a return to the kind of empirical research that made canon-building possible. The field’s “archival turn” reflects broader shifts in the discipline, including a certain exhaustion with rote or careless theoretical criticism, but it also marks a specific crossroads in how scholars engage with the African American canon. On the one hand are those whose field orientation “no longer requires an immediate political concern or social movement to authorize its lines of critical inquiry.” Such scholars feel encouraged to “return to the archive for the sake of returning to the archive” (Wilson 34)—that is, to treat the repository as an object of study unto itself, not the means to an end. On the other hand are those whose archival practice is positioned to legitimate the field’s extant body of knowledge. While undertaking the laudable effort of bringing new literary works to light, these scholars tend to play the hoary game of recognition—that is, to address the significance of whatever they find in the archive to a satellite of predetermined, canon-conserving interests. Doing so yields immediate legitimation for the archival discovery, but it also limits their understanding of what makes that discovery proper to the archive. Since the archival turn, the field’s most publicized discoveries have been framed in the narrow terms of canonical legitimation. In September 2012, for example, an article in the New York Times announced the discovery
Mutational Strand Asymmetries in Cancer Genomes Reveal Mechanisms of DNA Damage and Repair

Mutational processes constantly shape the somatic genome, leading to immunity, aging, cancer, and other diseases. When cancer is the outcome, we are afforded a glimpse into these processes by the clonal expansion of the malignant cell. Here, we characterize a less explored layer of the mutational landscape of cancer: mutational asymmetries between the two DNA strands. Analyzing whole-genome sequences of 590 tumors from 14 different cancer types, we reveal widespread asymmetries across mutagenic processes, with transcriptional ("T-class") asymmetry dominating UV-, smoking-, and liver-cancer-associated mutations and replicative ("R-class") asymmetry dominating POLE-, APOBEC-, and MSI-associated mutations. We report a striking phenomenon of transcription-coupled damage (TCD) on the non-transcribed DNA strand and provide evidence that APOBEC mutagenesis occurs on the lagging-strand template during DNA replication. As more genomes are sequenced, studying and classifying their asymmetries will illuminate the underlying biological mechanisms of DNA damage and repair.
Completely random measures for modeling power laws in sparse graphs

Network data appear in a number of applications, such as online social networks and biological networks, and there is growing interest in both developing models for networks as well as studying the properties of such data. Since individual network datasets continue to grow in size, it is necessary to develop models that accurately represent the real-life scaling properties of networks. One behavior of interest is having a power law in the degree distribution. However, other types of power laws that have been observed empirically and considered for applications such as clustering and feature allocation models have not been studied as frequently in models for graph data. In this paper, we enumerate desirable asymptotic behavior that may be of interest for modeling graph data, including sparsity and several types of power laws. We outline a general framework for graph generative models using completely random measures; by contrast to the pioneering work of Caron and Fox (2015), we consider instantiating more of the existing atoms of the random measure as the dataset size increases rather than adding new atoms to the measure. We see that these two models can be complementary; they respectively yield interpretations as (1) time passing among existing members of a network and (2) new individuals joining a network. We detail a particular instance of this framework and show simulated results that suggest this model exhibits some desirable asymptotic power-law behavior.
Environmental factors and inflammatory bowel disease: elusive or nonexistent?

Although abundant indirect evidence suggests that environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the search for specific etiological agents has been largely disappointing. Early life factors have been hypothesized to influence the risk of IBD; however, new data from the Nurses Health Study showed no associations between breastfeeding, gestational age, and birthweight and adult-onset IBD.
Education and Training Levels of Laboratory Personnel: ASCP Study Reveals Employees Highly Qualified in 1992

The rules to implement the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 allow high school graduates to perform most laboratory tests while being trained on the job. To determine future changes this might cause in the labor force, we analyzed the laboratory staffing patterns derived from a 1992 survey. In this report, we discuss these findings, as well as staffing changes planned by laboratory managers. Among the results is the finding that 84% of all laboratory employees were formally trained technicians and technologists.
A haplotype method detects diverse scenarios of local adaptation from genomic sequence variation

Identifying genomic targets of population-specific positive selection is a major goal in several areas of basic and applied biology. However, it is unclear how often such selection should act on new mutations versus standing genetic variation or recurrent mutation, and furthermore, favoured alleles may either become fixed or remain variable in the population. Very few population genetic statistics are sensitive to all of these modes of selection. Here, we introduce and evaluate the Comparative Haplotype Identity statistic (χMD ), which assesses whether pairwise haplotype sharing at a locus in one population is unusually large compared with another population, relative to genomewide trends. Using simulations that emulate human and Drosophila genetic variation, we find that χMD is sensitive to a wide range of selection scenarios, and for some very challenging cases (e.g. partial soft sweeps), it outperforms other two-population statistics. We also find that, as with FST , our haplotype approach has the ability to detect surprisingly ancient selective sweeps. Particularly for the scenarios resembling human variation, we find that χMD outperforms other frequency- and haplotype-based statistics for soft and/or partial selective sweeps. Applying χMD and other between-population statistics to published population genomic data from D. melanogaster, we find both shared and unique genes and functional categories identified by each statistic. The broad utility and computational simplicity of χMD will make it an especially valuable tool in the search for genes targeted by local adaptation.
The System of the Right to Remain Silent Should Be Established in Our Country as Early as Possible

Starting with the emergence and development of the right to remain silent,this paper deeply analyses the advantages and disadvantages of establishing the system of the right to remain silent in our country,and expounds that the system should be built up in our country as early as possible.
Animals in the world: A materialist approach to sociological animal studies:

The connections between nonhuman animals and human societies have become an increasingly prominent topic of sociological research over the past decade. A focus on animals in sociological research r...
Relationship between meniscal integrity and risk factors for cartilage degeneration.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to use MRI to determine if a loss of meniscal intra-substance integrity, as determined by T2* relaxation time, is associated with an increase of Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grade, and if this was correlated with risk factors for cartilage degeneration, namely meniscal extrusion, contact area and anterior–posterior (AP) displacement. Methods Eleven symptomatic knees with a KL 2 to 4 and 11 control knees with a KL 0 to 1 were studied. A 3 Tesla MRI scanner was used to scan all knees at 15° of flexion. With a 222 N compression applied, a 3D SPACE sequence was obtained, followed by a spin echo 3D T2* mapping sequence. Next, an internal tibial torque of 5 Nm was added and a second 3D SPACE sequence obtained. The MRI scans were post-processed to evaluate meniscal extrusion, contact area, AP displacement and T2* relaxation time. Results KL grade was correlated with T2* relaxation time for both the anterior medial meniscus (r = 0.79, p Conclusions This suggests that a loss of meniscal integrity, in the form of intra-substance degeneration, is correlated with risk factors for cartilage degeneration.
Multiple attribute decision making considering attribute aspirations:A method based on prospect theory

A method based on the prospect theory is proposed to solve the multiple attribute decision making problem in which single and combination attribute aspirations are provided by the decision-maker. Firstly, according to the prospect theory, the attribute aspirations given by the decision-maker are regarded as the reference points. Then the prospect values of each alternative with regard to all single and combination attribute aspirations are calculated, respectively, and the comprehensive prospect value vector concerning each alternative is constructed. Based on this, the original decision problem is converted into the corresponding generalized prioritized fuzzy constraint satisfaction problem(GPFCSP). Further, the overall satisfaction degree of each alternative with regard to the corresponding reasoning standard is calculated, and the ranking of all alternatives can be determined. Finally, a numerical example is used to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method.
Genetic Counseling and Risk Assessment

Since the early 2000s, improved understanding of the molecular biology of disease has led to the “era of personalized medicine.” Personalized medicine refers to the use of genetic, genomic, and other individual characteristics and exposures to define disease in an individual and to influence treatment and management decisions. With the wealth of genetic information now available, significant advances have been made in the prevention and treatment of many types of cancer, and the interpretation and communication of this information are an important clinical need.
Relationship between the timing of preoperative medical visits and day-of-surgery glucose in poorly controlled diabetes.

Background: This study evaluated referral patterns for preoperative evaluations of patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (DM) and determined whether intervals between evaluations and surgery day were associated with preoperative glucose levels. Results/methodology: In this retrospective analysis of DM patients with a hemoglobin A1c level greater than 8.0%, of the 163 patients who underwent preoperative medical evaluation, only 45% were evaluated by endocrinology. Patients who had surgery earlier than 10 days after the preoperative medical evaluation had preoperative glucose levels 18% higher than those of patients who waited more than 10 days. Preoperative outpatient contact with endocrinology was not associated with preoperative glucose level (p = 0.90). Conclusion: For poorly controlled DM, more than 10 days are needed to achieve preoperative glycemic control.
Mixer Design for Variability

This chapter discusses the process variation effect on the mixer performance. Analytical equations are dervied to provide the theoretical insight. Monte Carlo simulation results are shown to demonstrate the statistical variation. The substrate bias technique helps reduce the process variation effect on the mixer performance fluctuation.
Skeletal Muscle Metabolism at Rest and Exercise in Patients with Severe but Compensated Left Ventricular Dysfunction: A 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study

We examined 8 patients with a past history of symptomatic heart failure, all New York Heart Association class III, who had improved two classes following long-term therapy with digoxin, furosemide, and converting enzyme inhibitors. Skeletal muscle 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed in this group of patients, with a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 15±7% after therapy, and compared to 8 normal control subjects
The City as a Fiscal Derivative: Financialization, Urban Development, and the Politics of Earmarking

Contemporary urban leaders use exotic fiscal and financial schemes to fund development, which scholars theorize as tools for creating public goods or critically as growth entrepreneurs’ speculative...
Collaborative Reasoning: Expanding Ways for Children to Talk and Think in School

This article presents a framework to help teachers facilitate small group discussions about stories children read. Collaborative reasoning discussions are intended to create a forum for children to listen to one another think out loud as they learn to engage in reasoned argumentation. Children use personal experiences and evidence from the stories to support their conclusions and consider each other's points of view. Excerpts from an ongoing study of 12 fourth-grade classrooms in rural, urban, and suburban settings are used to illustrate four characteristics of cognitive reasoning: (1) children's response to text; (2) children's use of text to consider multiple possibilities; (3) children's use of tools for persuading others; and (4) children's control of topic and turn-taking.
Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Recordings on Spinal Cord Slices

Whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique is a powerful tool to study intrinsic membrane properties and synaptic interactions in the spinal cord. Spinal cord slice is an idea preparation for electrophysiological studies under physiological and pharmacological manipulation that is difficult to perform in an in vivo preparation. Depending on experimental purposes, the extracellular and intracellular environment of neurons can be easily controlled during whole-cell recording to isolate membrane conductance of interest and to manipulate its modulation, which is important for addressing cellular mechanisms under particular physiological and pathological conditions. Several methods for preparing spinal cord slices have been developed for whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Here we describe practical procedures for preparing spinal cord slices from adult rats and whole-cell recording from neurons in the spinal dorsal horn.
Fabrication of precision integrated capacitors

Abstract A detailed parametric study on the fabrication of metal-insulator-metal capacitors through the anodization of aluminum in an aqueous ammonium pentaborate octahydrate electrolyte is reported. The dependence of the specific capacitance on anodization voltage (8 V–30 V), time (5 min–60 min), temperature (5 °C–60 °C) and electrolyte concentration (0.01 M–0.05 M) was studied in deionized water and ethylene glycol. A linear increase in capacitance with anodization voltage was found, with the highest capacitance achieved at 473 nF/cm 2 in ethylene glycol. Room temperature, long-time anodization time and high electrolyte concentration within the studied range yielded the best quality dielectric films. The leakage current was 2 when the dielectric was formed in ethylene glycol. The capacitors fabricated in ethylene glycol satisfy the on-chip capacitors criteria of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductor, with quadratic voltage coefficient 2 .
Comparative Theology and Interreligious Solidarity Ethic: A Critical Appraisal of Weber

Religion is not a separate activity apart from thought and practice of life in human cultures. But it is eminently social in influencing and conditioning human life in its entirety. This chapter seeks a sociological inquiry of comparative theology in an analysis of the elective affinity between Christianity and Buddhism. Critically exploring Weber’s approach to the Protestant ethic and Buddhist rationality, this chapter scrutinizes and renews the limitation of Weber through retrieving Buddhist ideas of economic justice as well as Luther’s. This approach develops a sociological framing of comparative theology in reference to a theological and phenomenological hermeneutic for elaborating a notion of multiple horizons and a project of immanent critique of modern cultural pathologies for transmodernity. Buddhist construal of phenomenological sociology comes into focus to overcome Weber’s thesis and I shall introduce a critical and constructive import of Husserl’s phenomenology.
Structure based drug design and in vitro metabolism study: Discovery of N-(4-methylthiophenyl)-N,2-dimethyl-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine as a potent microtubule targeting agent.

Abstract We report a series of tubulin targeting agents, some of which demonstrate potent antiproliferative activities. These analogs were designed to optimize the antiproliferative activity of 1 by varying the heteroatom substituent at the 4′-position, the basicity of the 4-position amino moiety, and conformational restriction. The potential metabolites of the active compounds were also synthesized. Some compounds demonstrated single digit nanomolar IC50 values for antiproliferative effects in MDA-MB-435 melanoma cells. Particularly, the S-methyl analog 3 was more potent than 1 in MDA-MB-435 cells (IC50 = 4.6 nM). Incubation of 3 with human liver microsomes showed that the primary metabolite of the S-methyl moiety of 3 was the methyl sulfinyl group, as in analog 5. This metabolite was equipotent with the lead compound 1 in MDA-MB-435 cells (IC50 = 7.9 nM). Molecular modeling and electrostatic surface area were determined to explain the activities of the analogs. Most of the potent compounds overcome multiple mechanisms of drug resistance and compound 3 emerged as the lead compound for further SAR and preclinical development.
Association between climate, pollution and hospitalization for pemphigus in the USA.

BACKGROUND Little is known about the impact of ultraviolet exposure, climate factors and pollutants on pemphigus. AIM To determine whether these factors are associated with pemphigus exacerbation resulting in hospitalization. METHODS The analysis used data from the 2002-2012 National Inpatient Sample in the USA, including 68 476 920 children and adults, and measurements of relative humidity (%), ultraviolet (UV) index, outdoor air temperature and particulate matter of ≤ 2.5 or ≤ 10 μm (PM2.5 and PM10). RESULTS Higher rates of admission primarily for pemphigus occurred during the summer and autumn months (June-November), with the highest admission rates in July and October (both 19.7 per million). There was significant statewide variation of the prevalence of hospitalization for pemphigus, with apparent hotspots located in the southwest and northeast states. Hospitalization for a primary diagnosis of pemphigus vs. other diagnosis was associated with significantly lower humidity [mean (95% confidence interval): 64.8% (63.2-66.4%) vs. 66.4% (65.6-67.3%); analysis of variance, P < 0.01) and higher temperature [58.7 (57.1-60.2) vs. 56.3 (55.8-56.7)°F, P = 0.001], UV index [6.0 (5.7-6.2) vs. 5.7 (5.6-5.7), P = 0.02], PM2.5 [12.9 (12.0-13.7) vs. 11.8 (11.5-12.0) mg/m3 , P < 0.001] and PM10 [26.2 (24.5-27.9) vs. 23.1 (22.6-23.6) mg/m3 , P < 0.001]. All associations remained significant in multilevel regression models that controlled for age, sex and race/ethnicity, except for ultraviolet index, which was associated with pemphigus hospitalization only for Hispanic patients [odds ratio (95% CI) for quartile 4: 2.07 (1.02-4.21)]. CONCLUSION Increasing temperature, UV exposure and small particle air pollution are associated with increased hospitalization for pemphigus. Patients with pemphigus may benefit from avoidance of these potential environmental triggers.
Fluvial Transport of Suspended Solids

Fluvial transport of suspended sediment includes wash load and bed material load. Methods to calculate the settling velocity of sediment particles and to determine vertical sediment concentration profiles are presented. Field measurement techniques for suspended sediments are briefly discussed. A simple criterion delineates whether most of the sediment is transported as bed load or as suspended load. A calculation example from the Rhine River illustrates the concepts covered in this article.
Perceived Discrimination and Political Behavior

Can different experiences with discrimination produce divergent political behaviors? Does it make a difference whether individuals are discriminated against by their peers or community members in the course of everyday life as opposed to political actors or institutions tasked with upholding democratic norms of equality and fairness? Crossing disciplinary boundaries, this study proposes a new theoretical perspective regarding the relationship between discrimination and political behavior. Specifically, it distinguishes between societal (interpersonal) and political (systematic) discrimination when examining the behaviors of racial and ethnic minorities in Great Britain. The results illustrate that although experiences of political discrimination may motivate individuals to take part in mainstream politics for substantive or expressive purposes, the same conclusion cannot necessarily be drawn for those who experience societal rejection. The principal aim of this study is to further highlight the complex and multidimensional nature of discrimination, and to encourage further analyses of how different types of discrimination may impact the civic and political behaviors of minority groups.
Parametric Optimization of Biorthogonal Wavelets and Filterbanks via Pseudoframes for Subspaces

We present parametric optimizations of biorthogonal wavelets and associated filter banks using pseudoframes for subspaces (PFFS). PFFS extends the theory of frames in that pseudoframe sequences need not reside within the subspace of interest. In particular, when PFFS is applied to biorthogonal wavelets, the underlying flexibility presents opportunities to incorporate optimality, regularity, as well as perfect reconstruction into one parametric design approach. This approach reduces certain filter optimization problems to optimization over a free parameter. While past constructions can be reproduced, results with additional optimality are also obtained and presented here with numerical examples. Tables of filter coefficients along with graphs are provided.
Ael's Fables: Philosophical Fantasies for Physical Education

(1954). Ael's Fables. Journal of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation: Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 6-45.
Hemoglobin expression in neurons and glia after intracerebral hemorrhage.

The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of hemoglobin (Hb) in the brain after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and the effects of hemin and iron on neuronal Hb.
Gut access in critically ill and injured patients: Where have we gone thus far?

BACKGROUND: Nutritional support in critically ill and injured patients is crucial. It can be provided via parenteral or enteral access, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. In this article, we review enteral support, particularly gut access. METHODS: We conducted a literature review. RESULTS: A number of techniques enable access to the gastrointestinal tract in critically ill and injured patients. A temporary orogastric (OG), nasogastric (NG), or nasojejunal (NJ) feeding tube can be placed. But the prevalent technique is the more permanent percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), which has economic as well as safety benefits. Other techniques include open operative gastrostomy, laparoscopic or laparoscopic-assisted gastrostomy, and jejunostomy. CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional support should be provided enterally, via gut access whenever possible. The issue of pre- versus post-pyloric access remains controversial. PEG is safe and economical for long-term access.
The Role of Purpose in Optimal Human Functioning

Early research on purpose focused on the negative effects associated with leading a life devoid of personal significance. Accordingly, the present chapter opens with a discussion of the theoretical and empirical research on the relationship between purposelessness and boredom, depression, apathy, anxiety, substance abuse, and suicide ideation. More recently, research on the construct has focused on the ways in which leading a life of purpose has been found to be associated with a wide range of positive developmental outcomes, including psychological well-being, happiness, and hope. This chapter synthesizes the growing body of empirical research on the psychological and physical indicators of well-being that correlate with purpose and closely related constructs. It also includes a discussion of the complex relationship between purpose and stress and a discussion of the way purpose contributes to optimal human development. Lastly, purpose has been linked to academic and professional success, and this literature is reviewed.
Tracking evidence

In this case study we describe an approach to a general logical framework for tracking evidence within epistemic contexts. We consider as basic an example which features two justifications for a true statement, one which is correct and one which is not. We formalize this example in a system of Justification Logic with two knowers: the object agent and the observer, and we show that whereas the object agent does not logically distinguish between factive and non-factive justifications, such distinctions can be attained at the observer level by analyzing the structure of evidence terms. Basic logic properties of the corresponding two-agent Justification Logic system have been established, which include Kripke-Fitting completeness. We also argue that a similar evidence-tracking approach can be applied to analyzing paraconsistent systems.
Perceived barriers to quitting cigarettes among hospitalized smokers with substance use disorders: A mixed methods study

Abstract Aims Smoking cessation may promote long-term recovery in patients with substance use disorders (SUD). Yet smoking rates remain alarmingly high in this population. Using a sequential explanatory mixed methods approach, we examined smoking rates among hospitalized patients with SUD at a large safety-net hospital, and then characterized factors associated with smoking behaviors both quantitatively and qualitatively. Method We abstracted data from all hospital admissions (7/2016–6/2017) and determined demographics, substance use type, and other characteristics associated with cigarette use among those with SUD. We then conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 20 hospitalized SUD smokers. We analyzed transcripts to characterize factors that affect patients' smoking habits, focusing on the constructs of the Health Belief Model. Results The prevalence of cigarette smoking among hospitalized smokers with SUD was three times higher than those without SUD. Qualitative analyses showed that patients perceived that smoking cigarettes was a less serious concern than other substances. Some patients feared that quitting cigarettes could negatively impact their recovery and perceived that clinicians do not prioritize treating tobacco dependence. Almost all patients with heroin use disorder described how cigarette use potentiated their heroin high. Many SUD patients are turning to vaping and e-cigarettes to quit smoking. Conclusion Hospitalized patients with SUD have disproportionately high smoking rates and perceive multiple barriers to quitting cigarettes. When designing and implementing smoking cessation interventions for hospitalized patients with SUD, policymakers should understand and take into account how patients with SUD perceive smoking-related health risks and how that influences their decision to quit smoking.
Percolating conductive networks in multiwall carbon nanotube-filled polymeric nanocomposites: towards scalable high-conductivity applications of disordered systems.

Disordered polymeric composite systems ordinarily exhibit poor bulk electronic transport properties, restricting their use to low-conductivity applications. In this work, highly electroconductive multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites were assembled via an aqueous solvent-blending method. Low percolation thresholds of 0.001 wt% and 0.093 wt% were obtained using pristine MWCNTs (P-MWCNTs) and mildly oxidized MWCNTs (O-MWCNTs), respectively. Corresponding critical values of dimensionality of 2.067 ± 0.094 and 2.304 ± 0.114 were calculated for P-MWCNT/PU and O-MWCNT/PU composites, respectively, strongly suggesting the formation of three-dimensional percolating conductive networks permeating the PU host matrix above the percolation threshold. Saturated direct current conductivities as high as 839 ± 72 S cm−1 were measured for O-MWCNT/PU composites at a filler-loading of 30.9 wt%. MWCNT/PU composite surfaces functionalized with superhydrophobic perfluoroalkyl moieties via chemical vapor deposition of (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl)trichlorosilane exhibited sessile contact angles as high as 154° without adversely affecting electroconductivity.
Un discreto homenaje a Juan Carlos Onetti

This article analyzes the short story “Agnieszka en la costa” by Hugo Fontana (included in his book Desaparicion de Susana Estevez, 2015) as a sophisticated re-elaboration of several narrative materials (characters, scenes, and topics) from the fictional world of Juan Carlos Onetti. I aim to reveal the painstaking narrative design of Fontana’s work, as well as the implications on meaning of this literary remaking. Fontana shares with Onetti a strong interest in the detective novel and they both incorporate resources from this genre to their works. However, Fontana shows an additional facet in his use of the detective novel devices: a critique about the political situation.
The animated worlds of Piercing I, iMirror, and RMB City: Decoding postsocialist reality through virtual spaces

AbstractRealist aesthetics has dominated critical discussion of postsocialist Chinese cultural production. This paper argues that contemporary Chinese animated media subverts the logic of realism b...
Episemantics: Aboutness as Aroundness

Aboutness ranks amongst our field’s greatest bugbears. What is a work about? How can this be known? This mirrors debates within the philosophy of language, where the concept of representation has similarly evaded satisfactory definition. This paper proposes that we abandon the strong sense of the word aboutness, which seems to promise some inherent relationship between work and subject, or between word and world. Instead, we seek an etymological reset to the sense of aboutness of “in the vicinity, nearby; in some place or various places nearby; all over a surface.” To distinguish this sense, we introduce the term episemantics. The authors have each independently applied this term in slightly different contexts and scales (Hauser 2018a; J. T. Tennis 2016), and this article presents a unified definition of the term and guidelines for applying it at the scale of both words and works. The resulting weak concept of aboutness is pragmatic, in Star’s sense of a focus on consequences over antecedents, while reserving space for the critique and improvement of aboutness determinations within various contexts and research programs. The paper finishes with a discussion of the implication of the concept of episemantics and methodological possibilities it offers for knowledge organization research and practice.
Acne vulgaris and risk of depression and anxiety: A meta-analytic review

Background Several studies have shown an association of acne vulgaris with depression and anxiety, but a quantitative review has not yet been conducted. Objective We sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis that elucidates the association of acne vulgaris with depression and anxiety. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of literature published before October 1, 2019 from the PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases was conducted. We used a metaanalytic approach to perform a random effects analysis comparing individuals with and without acne. Subgroup analyses between studies included age, study setting, and geographic region. Results Forty-two studies were included. We found a significant association of acne vulgaris with depression (r = 0.22 [95% confidence interval 0.17-0.26, P Limitations Inconsistency between publications regarding acne and outcome ascertainment, data reporting, and studies with no control group posed considerable barriers to synthesizing all available published literature. Conclusions Because of an increased risk for depression and anxiety, clinicians should pursue aggressive treatment of acne and consider psychiatric screening or referrals.