cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Saddlepoint Theory for Nondifferentiable Multiobjective Fractional Programming

Abstract Saddlepoint theory is developed for the nondifferentiable multiobjective fractional programming problem. Necessary and sufficient conditions of Fritz John and Kuhn-Tucker type are established. As expected, only necessary conditions require convexity restrictions. All functions are assumed to be nondifferentiable.
NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 blocks non-opioid stress-induced analgesia in the formalin test.

Abstract The analgesic effect of a 3-min swim stress was assessed using the formalin test. Male Swiss mice were injected i.p. with naloxone (0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg), MK-801 (0.075 mg/kg) or saline 15 min prior to swimming in water maintained at 20°C or 32°C. The mice were then injected with 20 μ1 of 5% formalin into the plantar surface of 1 hind paw and pain behaviour (time spent licking the injected paw) was continuously monitored during the subsequent 10 min. Swim stress produced a significant reduction in pain behaviour at both 20°C and 32°C. MK-801 completely blocked the analgesia produced by both the 20°C and 32°C swim. At a dose of 0.1 mg/kg, naloxone partially antagonized the analgesia produced by the 32°C swim but did not affect the analgesia produced by the 20°C swim. Naloxone at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg had no effect on swim stress-induced analgesia. Neither MK-801 nor 0.1 mg/kg naloxone altered baseline pain behaviour, although 1.0 mg/kg naloxone did significantly reduce it. It is unlikely that the effect of MK-801 on swim stress-induced analgesia is due to an interaction with an opioid mechanism, as MK-801 had no effect on morphine analgesia. These results suggest that the analgesia produced by the 20°C swim stress in the formalin test is non-opioid in nature and mediated via the NMDA receptor, whereas the 32°C swim stress-induced analgesia has both an opioid and non-opioid component.
SELF-CONSISTENT QUANTUM MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE LIQUID-VAPOR INTERFACE OF A EUTECTIC INDIUM-GALLIUM ALLOY

We report the results of self-consistent quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the density distribution along the normal to the liquid-vapor interface, and the in-plane structure function, of the liquid-vapor interface of a eutectic binary alloy of indium and gallium (16.5% In) at 86 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The density distribution along the normal to the interface exhibits layering, with a sensibly complete monolayer of In outermost in the interface. Our results are in good agreement with the experimental data of Regan et al. [Phys. Rev. B 55, 15874 (1997)]. We also report the results of self-consistent quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the structure of the liquid-vapor interfaces of In:Ga alloys with In concentrations greater than and less than the eutectic concentration. The In atoms segregate in the outermost layer of the interface as a sensibly complete monolayer when the bulk In concentration is 25% and as a partial monolayer when the bulk In concentration is 11%. In these cases, as well as for the eutectic alloy, there is some Ga well mixed with the In in the outermost layer of the stratified liquid-vapor interface. And for all alloy compositions studied the layer of the interface beneath the monolayer of segregated In is deficient in In relative to the bulk concentration; the bulk concentration of In is reached in the third layer of the liquid-vapor interface.
Relationship between Gamow-Teller transition probabilities and (p,n) cross sections at small momentum transfers.

Gamow-Teller transition probabilities are extracted for eight nuclei with masses between $A=13 \mathrm{and} 39$ from medium-energy ($p, n$) reactions via the distorted-wave impulse approximation, and compared with experimental $\ensuremath{\beta}$-decay and with free-nucleon transition probabilities. These comparisons indicate strongly that the renormalization of the Gamow-Teller operator needed for ($p, n$) reactions on finite nuclei is different from that needed for $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay.
Susceptibility of certain coleopterous larvae to the DD-136 nematode

Abstract In laboratory cages the nematode DD-136 was highly pathogenic to larvae of the banded cucumber beetle, Diabrotica balteata , but only slightly so to larvae of the southern potato wireworm, Conoderus falli . In field drum plots, the nematode caused as much as 76% mortality of the Diabrotica larvae; residual activity was increased by shading the soil. Higher dosages were more effective than lower ones. However, three applications of the nematode to small field plots of sweet potatoes did not give adequate protection against the total insect complex. Bioassays of soil from these plots indicated that the nematode produced high initial infection in D. balteata larvae but declined rapidly in effectiveness thereafter.
Age differences in sequential form recognition

Children (ages 3.7 to 9.2 years) viewed patterns moved continuously behind a stationary aperture, identifying the shapes by referring to a confusion matrix. Age affected recognition of sequentially viewed (but not simultaneously viewed) shapes; recognition errors for the different shapes (square, cross, and “E”) were only marginally different.
The primary structure of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus L gene encodes a putative RNA polymerase

Abstract The complete RNA sequence of the L protein gene of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is presented. It is the first L protein sequence to be obtained for the Arenaviridae, a family of single-stranded RNA viruses which includes Lassa fever virus, and the Tacaribe complex viruses such as Pichinde and the Argentine and Bolivian hemorrhagic fever viruses. It is the largest open reading frame on the L RNA spanning 6633 nucleotides and coding for a 2210 amino acid protein with a calculated molecular weight of 254,529. Antipeptide sera identify a gene product encoded on the L RNA: it has a mass of approximately 200,000 Da and is found in virions and ribonucleoprotein complexes from infected cells ( M. Singh, F. Fuller-Pace, M. J. Buchmeier, and P. J. Southern, 1987, Virology , 161, 448–456 ). Mutations mapped to the L gene affect plaque morphology ( Kirk et al . 1980 ), the lethality of a virulent LCMV strain on guinea pigs ( Y. Riviere, R. Ahmed, P. J. Southern, M.J. Buchmeier, and M. B. A. Oldstone, 1985, J. Virol. , 55, 704–709 ), and the ability of a variant strain of LCMV to suppress the cytotoxic T-cell response and initiate persistent infection ( M. Salvato, E. Shimomaye, P. Southern, and M. B. A. Oldstone, 1988, Virology , 164, 517–522 ; Ahmed et al .(1988) All of these phenotypes indicate that the viral genes on the L strand are critical elements controlling virus replication and the pattern of LCMV infection. The L gene sequence encodes a viral polymerase although this protein bears little resemblance to the published sequences of other RNA virus polymerases. Therefore the LCMV polymerase likely represents a distinct category of viral transcriptase.
Nephrogenic Adenoma After Urethral Reconstruction Using Bladder Mucosa: Report of 6 Cases and Review of the Literature

AbstractPurpose: To our knowledge nephrogenic adenoma, an unusual benign metaplastic lesion of the urothelium, has not been reported previously following urethral reconstruction using bladder mucosa. Histopathological features, etiological factors and clinical features are discussed.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of 117 patients who underwent hypospadias repair with free grafts of bladder mucosa from 1982 to 1995.Results: Five children 6 to 11 years old and a 39-year-old man had nephrogenic adenoma of the urethra. Hematuria or dysuria was the usual reason for presentation. The lesions were located at the site of anastomosis between the graft and proximal urethra in 3 cases and the distal graft in 2, and they involved the whole graft in 1. Successful treatment consisted of endoscopic resection of the polyps in 4 patients, while open surgical correction was performed in 2, requiring complete excision of the previous graft in 1 and segmental resection in 1.Conclusions: The gross appearance of...
Floodplain Formation and Cottonwood Colonization Patterns on the Willamette River, Oregon, USA.

3 p. Review produced for HC 441: Science Colloquium: Willamette River Environmental Health, Robert D. Clark Honors College, University of Oregon, Spring term, 2004.
Modeling of time dependence of hole current and prediction of QBD and tBD for thin gate MOS devices based upon anode hole injection

Abstract A theoretical breakdown model based on anode hole injection is presented for evaluating the time dependence of injected electron and generated substrate hole current under constant voltage stress for thin gate oxide MOS devices. The model considers the effect of poly-depletion, quantum yield, first order trapping kinetics and different tunneling conditions for determining the time variation of hole current during constant voltage stress and correlates it to the buildup of the positive charge inside the oxide during the time dependent oxide breakdown process. The model is shown to agree well with the experimental results. Moreover, using the proposed model the intrinsic charge to breakdown QBD and the time to breakdown tBD of thin gate oxide MOS devices can be satisfactorily predicted at different oxide voltages.
Detection of and response to a probable volcanogenic T-wave event swarm on the western Blanco Transform Fault Zone

The East Blanco Depression (EBD), a pull-apart basin within the western Blanco Transform Fault Zone (BTFZ), was the site of an intense earthquake T-wave swarm that began at 1317Z on January 9, 1994. Although technically generated earthquakes occur frequently along the BTFZ, this swarm was unusual in that it was preceded and accompanied by periodic, low-frequency, long-duration acoustic signals, that originated from near the swarm epicenters. These tremor-like signals were very similar in character to acoustic energy produced by a shallow-submarine eruption near Socorro Island, a seamount several hundred km west of Baja, California. The ∼69 earthquakes and ∼400 tremor-like events at the EBD occurred sporadically, with two periods of peak activity occurring between January 5–16 and 27–31. The swarm-like character of the earthquakes and the similarity of the tremor activity to the Socorro eruption indicated that the EBD was undergoing an intrusion or eruption episode. On January 27, six CTD/rosette casts were conducted at the site. Water samples from two of the stations yielded anomalous ³He concentrations, with maxima at ∼2800 m depth over the main basin. In June 1994 two camera tows within the basin yielded evidence of pillow-lava volcanism and hydrothermal deposits, but no conclusive evidence of a recent seafloor eruption. In September 1994, deployments of the U.S. Navy's Advanced Tethered Vehicle resulted in the discovery of an active hydrothermal mound on the flanks of a pillow-lava volcano. The hydrothermal mound consists of Fe-rich hydrothermal precipitate and bacterial mats. Temperatures to 60°C were measured 30 cm below the surface. This is the first discovery of active hydrothermal vents along an oceanic fracture zone. Although no conclusive evidence of volcanic activity associated with the T-wave event swarm was found during these response efforts, the EBD has been the site of recent seafloor eruptions.
Quantum breathing mode for electrons with 1/r2 interaction.

We show that the collective excitation spectrum of electrons with 1/${\mathit{r}}^{2}$ interaction in a parabolic quantum dot of frequency ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{0}$ contains a ``breathing'' mode of frequency 2\ensuremath{\Omega}, where ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}^{2}$\ensuremath{\equiv}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{0}^{2}$+1/4${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{\mathit{c}}^{2}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{\mathit{c}}$ is the cyclotron frequency, a result first obtained by Johnson and Quiroga [Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 4277 (1995)]. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Seasonal behavior of non-methane hydrocarbons in the firn air at Summit, Greenland

Non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) were measured in the ambient air and in the snowpack interstitial firn air at ∼1 m depth continuously for nearly two years at Summit, Greenland, from fall 2008 through summer 2010. Additionally, five firn air depth profiles were conducted to a depth of 3 m spanning winter, spring, and summer seasons. Here we report measurements of ethane, ethene, ethyne, propane, propene, i-butane, n-butane, i-pentane, n-pentane, and benzene and discuss the seasonal behavior of these species in the ambient and firn air. The alkanes, ethyne, and benzene in the firn air closely reflect the ambient air concentrations during all the seasons of the year. In spring and summer seasons, ethene and propene were enhanced in the near-surface firn over that in the ambient air, indicating a photochemical production mechanism for these species within the snowpack interstitial air. Evaluation of the NMHC ratios of i-butane/n-butane, i-pentane/n-pentane, and benzene/ethyne in both ambient and firn air does not provide evidence for chlorine or bromine radical chemistry significantly affecting these gases, except in a few summer samples, where individual data points may suggest bromine oxidation influence.
Riffle zoobenthos in streams receiving acid mine drainage

Abstract The bottom fauna of a stream polluted by acid mine drainage, was studied, using the standard methods of sample collecting. In localities immediately influenced by mine drainage, where very low pH values and high acidities prevail, the effect of acid mine wastes on the ecology and composition of the benthic fauna is, in general, similar to the effect of organic pollution. In these areas we found high numbers of individuals comprised of a few species. In the zones of active neutralization, where iron hydroxides are deposited, species diversity slightly increases but the biomass is very low. The most numerous invertebrates in the stream sections exhibiting high acidity and low pH are midge larvae, especially Tendipes gr. riparius. The number of insect groups present increases steadily with progressive neutralization until Crustacea (Amphipoda) and Oligochaeta appear, indicating considerable improvement in water quality. The supply of desirable benthic fish food (Tendipes ssp.) is very high in the parts of the stream where low pH, high acidity, and high ferrous iron concentrations prevail. Unfortunately, fish cannot survive under these conditions to utilize this abundant food supply. On the other hand, in the less acidic zones, where fish could possibly survive, the deposition of ferric iron drastically diminishes the total biomass of benthic organisms and therefore severely limits fish populations.
Future Directions for the Thematic Apperception Test

Emphasis on the narrative mode of thought offers new ideas about the interpretation of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). I discuss two new approaches to the TAT, based on psychodynamic concepts and sensitive to the narrative features of TAT stories. Research supporting these coding systems-assessing the level of object relations and assessing the use of defense mechanisms-has shown these measures to be reliable and valid. I discuss considerations of reliability and validity, as they apply to the TAT.
Lateness to meetings: Examination of an unexplored temporal phenomenon

Meetings are salient sites of temporal behaviour in organizations. They consume large amounts of time, punctuate and interrupt the temporal flow of work, provide venues of time coordination and allocation, and mark time in organizations (e.g., the weekly staff meeting). In this article, we seek to answer the question, “Should organizational scientists and temporality scholars care about meeting lateness?” Across two studies, we find that meeting lateness is a high base rate and seemingly consequential workplace event, with both objective and subjective elements, and potential implications for individuals, relationships, groups, and the organization more broadly. Meeting lateness correlates include job satisfaction, intent to quit, satisfaction with meetings in general, age, and conscientiousness. In light of the frequency, consequences, and conceptual complexity of meeting lateness, along with the dearth of extant research on the topic, it is a phenomenon primed for further study.
Versatile, Fully Automated, Microfluidic Cell Culture System

There is increasing demand for automated and quantitative cell culture technology, driven both by the intense activity in stem cell biology and by the emergence of systems biology. We built a fully automated cell culture screening system based on a microfluidic chip that creates arbitrary culture media formulations in 96 independent culture chambers and maintains cell viability for weeks. Individual culture conditions are customized in terms of cell seeding density, composition of culture medium, and feeding schedule, and each chamber is imaged with time-lapse microscopy. Using this device, we perform the first quantitative measurements of the influence of transient stimulation schedules on the proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and motility of human primary mesenchymal stem cells.
Atomic force microscopy of structures produced by electrospraying polymer solutions

Abstract Solutions of synthetic [poly(ethylene oxides), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, and poly(vinylalcohol)] and natural linear polymers (single- and double-strand DNA) have been electrosprayed onto mica surface and imaged with an atomic force microscope. Depending on the electrospray ionization (ESI) conditions (concentration, solvent, sign of ion charge) each polymer studied could be imaged as globular or fibrillar forms. Globules were observed after electrospray (ES) of dilute solutions such as are routinely used in mass spectroscopy studies of polymers. An increase in the polymer concentration resulted in formation of larger multimolecular globular clusters, then extended fibers, presumably consisting of single (0.2–0.5 nm high) and multiple (>0.6 nm high) polymer strands. Further increase in the polymer concentration produced complex structures including branched fibers, “pins,” and “beads-on-a-string.” Formation of these structures is discussed in terms of known mechanisms of ESI.
Emitter location in the presence of information injection

One sensor network task of particular interest is estimating with maximum accuracy the location of an emitter. In this paper, we focus on the impact of a single rogue sensor which injects spurious information into a sensor network in order to maximally degrade location estimation accuracy. Our focus is on understanding and characterizing the impact of such a rogue sensor where as on-going work is focusing on methods to mitigate its impact. The goal is to exploit the nature of the shared wireless medium and sensitivity of localization methods to inaccurate sensor positioning. We find the false location that minimizes the accuracy of a sensor network tasked with estimating the location of an emitter. We assume a means for injecting the false location exists and that the network uses a time and frequency difference of arrival (TDOA/FDOA) localization method. We determine the best location to inject by formulating the problem as the minimization of the determinant of the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM). A numerical method for determining the false location is presented and we show that it significantly reduces the location estimate's accuracy independent of sensor-emitter geometry.
Impacts of Anchor Tag Loss on Walleye Management in the Winnebago System

Abstract Rates of tag loss should be estimated and accounted for when using mark–recapture surveys and angler tag returns to estimate fish population abundance and exploitation rates. Walleyes Sander vitreus sampled during April 2010 spawning assessments conducted in the Winnebago system, Wisconsin, were marked with anchor tags and upper caudal fin clips to estimate tag loss rates during three time intervals: 0–11 d posttagging, 0–90 d posttagging, and 1 year posttagging. Tag loss was negligible (<0.5%) within the first 11 d but increased to 4.7% within the first 90 d and to 21.9% after 1 year. After we corrected for the tag loss occurring within the first 90 d, estimates of population abundance decreased 4.3% for females and 4.4% for males, while estimates of exploitation increased 4.9% for both sexes. Accounting for 21.9% annual tag loss led to more severe decreases in the estimates of population abundance (20.0% for females and 21.2% for males) and increases in the estimates of exploitation (28.0% for ...
Economic and Environmental Analysis for Corn Stover and Switchgrass Supply Logistics

Supply logistics systems for corn (Zea mays L.) stover and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) with two collection methods, round bales and rectangular bales, are developed. A location in the US Midwest is assumed with corn grown on highly productive crop land and switchgrass grown on less productive land. Bales (15 % moisture wet basis) are stored at local storage sites within 3.2 km (2 mi) of the field at harvest time. Biomass is transported to an end user within a 48 km (30 mi) throughout the year. Round bales are converted to bulk product [bulk density of 240 kg m−3 (15 lb ft−3)] by tub grinding followed by roll-press compacting before truck transport. Rectangular bales are delivered by truck without processing. Total delivered cost is $97.70 Mg−1 ($88.63 ton−1) for corn stover and $137.87 Mg−1 ($125.07 ton−1) for switchgrass when delivered as a bulk compacted product. Total delivered cost is $90.25 Mg−1 ($81.87 ton−1) for corn stover and $128.67 Mg−1 ($116.73 ton−1) for switchgrass when delivered as rectangular bales. Life-cycle fossil energy consumption is higher for delivering switchgrass (9.9 to 13.8 % of energy in dry matter) than for corn stover (5.8 to 9.5 % of energy in dry matter). Excluding any potential change in soil organic carbon (SOC), life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are 59.2 to 99.8 kg CO2e Mg−1 for delivering corn stover and 231.8 to 279.6 kg CO2e Mg−1 for delivering switchgrass. The effect of change in SOC on the life-cycle GHG emissions for corn stover and switchgrass is discussed.
Fatty acids of triglycerides from Citrus juice sacs

Abstract The fatty acid composition of trigylcerides from oranges, grapefruit, lemons and limes, was determined by GLC. Each species possessed its own intrinsic fatty acid pattern which might be used to differentiate it from the other species. The five major acids in all species were palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic. Collectively these acids comprised greater than 92% of the total acid content. Lemons were distinguished from all other species by their higher 16/16:1 ratios while grapefruit showed the highest total percentage of 16 and 16:1 acids. Lemons and limes contained higher percentages of branched-chain acids than oranges and grapefruit.
Ritual, Symbol, and Experience: Understanding Catholic Worker House Masses

This article uses house masses in a Catholic Worker community to examine the interaction of symbols and experience in religious rituals. It argues that, during the period of this study, these weekly masses served to reinforce Worker identity by guiding participants' experiences along specific lines. Ritual symbolism and the moment-to-moment attention of the participants combined to move participants from despair at the state of the world to an experience of a community of solidarity and hope. A second phase of the ritual then expanded that community to include homeless people, by means of a symbolic second 'mass' of soup, bread, and water, delivered in the streets. The article demonstrates the need for sociology to consider the experiential dimension, along with the symbolic, in understanding rituals' role in religious life.
Mining complex matchings across Web query interfaces

To enable information integration, schema matching is a critical step for discovering semantic correspondences of attributes across heterogeneous sourcess. As a new attempt, this paper studies such matching as a data mining problem. Specifically, while complex matchings are common, because of their far more complex search space, most existing techniques focus on simple 1:1 matchings. To tackle this challenge, this paper takes a conceptually novel approach by viewing schema matching as correlation mining, for our task of matching Web query interfaces to integrate the myriad databases on the Internet. On this "deep Web," query interfaces generally form complex matchings between attribute groups (e.g., {author} corresponds to {first name, last name} in the Books domain). We observe that the co-occurrences patterns across query interfaces often reveal such complex semantic relationships: grouping attributes (e.g., {first name, last name}) tend to be co-present in query interfaces and thus positively correlated. In contrast, synonym attributes are negatively correlated because they rarely co-occur. This insight enables us to discover complex matchings by a correlation mining approach, which consists of dual mining of positive and negative correlations. We evaluate our approach on deep Web sources in several object domains (e.g., Books and Airfares) and the results show that the correlation mining approach does discover semantically meaningful matchings among attributes.
The Pedometer as a Tool to Enrich Science Learning in a Public Health Context

The United States is experiencing an obesity epidemic: A science-technology-society public health issue tied to our built environment, which is characterized by heavy dependence on automobiles and reduced opportunities to walk and bicycle for transportation. This presents an informal science education opportunity within “science in personal and social perspectives'' to use pedometer technology for enhancing students' understandings about human energy balance. An exploratory study was conducted with 29 teachers to investigate how pedometers could be used for providing academic enrichment to secondary students participating in after-school Health Sciences and Technology Academy clubs. Frequency analysis revealed that the pedometer activities often investigated kilocalorie expenditure and/or incorporated hypothesis testing/experimenting. Teachers' perspectives on learning outcomes most frequently conveyed that students increased their awareness of the importance of health habits relative to kilocalorie intake and expenditure. Pedometers have considerable merit for the regular science curriculum as they allow for numerous mathematics applications and inquiry learning and target concepts such as energy and equilibrium that cut across the National Science Education Standards. Pedometers and associated resources on human energy balance are important tools that science teachers can employ in helping schools respond to the national call to prevent childhood obesity.
Radioisotopes and the History of Nucleosynthesis in the Galaxy

Nearly all of the heavier elements seem to have been assembled by successive neutron captures occurring in two distinct processes: the s (slow) process refers to neutron capture at a rate which is slow compared to the intervening beta-decay; the r (rapid) process refers to neutron capture at a rate which is rapid compared to the beta process. It is becoming increasingly apparent that simple models for galactic r-process nucleosynthesis are inadequate. Modern astronomical observations, which indicate that the bulk of r-process synthesis may have occurred early in the life of the galaxy, cannot be ignored. Recent data on the fissiogenic xenon in whitlockite from the St. Severin meteorite also place stringent conditions on permissible models for element synthesis. It appears that neither sudden nor continuous models for element formation are consistent with isotopic data now available. I propose a more complex model for the synthesis of solar system material in which the r-process is allowed to occur in three distinct modes: a "prompt" synthesis early in the history of the galaxy, a "continuous" synthesis whereby r-process products are continuously added to the galactic mix, and a "last-minute" synthesis which enriches the solar nebula with r-process material shortly before the formation of the solar system. Calculations based on the present abundances of uranium-235, uranium-238, and thorium-232 and the measured abundances of iodine-129 and plutonium-244 present when meteorites began to retain xenon indicate that the galactic age is between 8.0 and 8.8 billion years, with the initial "prompt" synthesis accounting for 81 to 89 percent of the total r-process material ever produced, the "last-minute" synthesis contributing between 11 and 13 percent, and 0 to 8 percent occurring in the continuous mode. The time interval between the isolation of the solar nebula from galactic r-process and the onset of xenon retention in meteorites lies between 176 and 179 million years.
HMGIC expression in human adult and fetal tissues and in uterine leiomyomata.

The high-mobility-group (HMG) protein gene, HMGIC, is localized to chromosome 12, band q15, a region often rearranged in benign mesenchymal tumors, including uterine leiomyomata. Although some evidence suggests a role in regulation of cell proliferation, the precise function of HMGIC in the development or progression of these tumors remains unclear. We investigated HMGIC expression in 17 fetal tissues (adrenal, aorta, bone, brain, heart, intestine, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, ovary, placenta, skin, spleen, stomach, testis, and uterus) and 10 adult tissues (aorta, brain, cerebellum, fat, kidney, liver, lung, lymph node, myometrium, and spinal cord) by Northern blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. Comparisons between HMGIC gene expression in tumor samples from 11 uterine leiomyomata and 7 normal matched myometrium or in vitro cell cultures (chorionic villi, placenta, myometrium, leiomyoma, and skin) were also performed. The gene was expressed in all fetal tissues tested but only in adult lung and kidney. HMGIC was also expressed in leiomyoma tumor samples containing t(12;14) and in all in vitro cell cultures. The pattern of HMGIC expression suggests that this gene is important in rapidly proliferating human fetal tissues. Restoration of expression in leiomyomata required dysregulation of HMGIC. Transcripts of HMGIC can also be detected after in vitro cell culture, suggesting that HMGIC expression may be affected by factors present in culture media and serum. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 25:316-322, 1999.
Overcoming the Nagorno-Karabakh Stalemate

Six authors of the younger generation ‐ three from Armenia and three from Azerbaijan ‐ examine the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh in a joint effort to overcome their heritage of stereotypes and hostility. While their proposals vary, there is some creative overlap, and all of them recognize the obstacles as four standard characteristics of intractable conflicts: no salient solution, no ripeness, profitability, and no Zone of Possible Agreement (ZOPA). From these obstacles stem some ideas for creative progress, if not immediate solutions.
Critical Role of MDA5 in the Interferon Response Induced by Human Metapneumovirus Infection in Dendritic Cells and In Vivo

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a respiratory paramyxovirus of global clinical relevance. Despite the substantial knowledge generated during the last 10 years about hMPV infection, information regarding the activation of the immune response against this virus remains largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the helicase melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) is essential to induce the interferon response after hMPV infection in human and mouse dendritic cells as well as in an experimental mouse model of infection. Our findings in vitro and in vivo showed that MDA5 is required for the expression and activation of interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRFs). hMPV infection induces activation of IRF-3, and it regulates the expression of IRF-7. However, both IRF-3 and IRF-7 are critical for the production of type I and type III IFNs. In addition, our in vivo studies in hMPV-infected mice indicated that MDA5 alters viral clearance, enhances disease severity and pulmonary inflammation, and regulates the production of cytokines and chemokines in response to hMPV. These findings are relevant for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of hMPV infection.
The Third Wave: The internet of things: The Internet of Things (Ubiquity symposium)

We are witnessing these days the rise of always-on, connected devices, systems and environments. This might well represent the basis for the emerging digital economy. This symposium brings in diverse points of views trying to synthesize the most likely future of Internet of Things (IoT).
FMLA, PDA and maternity leave in Idaho: a comparison of survey data 1992–1993 and 1998

Abstract This article examines the impact of the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) and Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 (PDA) through three separate data collection periods beginning in 1992 and concluding in 1998. The principal question addressed relates to the impact of FMLA on Idaho employers who are “covered” by the legislation as reflected in the provision of specific maternity leave benefits. Drawing on data collected pre-FMLA and post-FMLA, I examined a number of variables to determine the impact of FMLA on maternity leave policies among Idaho employers and, where possible, potential compliance problems and/or conflict with the PDA.
Diffusion of Si in thin CoSi2 layers

Evidence of silicon diffusion in 100-A CoSi2 layers grown by room-temperature codeposition and annealing on Si(111) substrates was from Auger peak height ratios, which were interpreted in terms of a Si overlayer. It was found that this layer could be removed by chemical etching and reformed by subsequent annealing. By measuring the intensity of the plasmon energy loss peak associated with the CoL23 VV Auger peak, the effective thickness of the Si overlayer was measured as a function of annealing temperature, by calibrating the plasmon loss data against known overlayer thicknesses on unannealed samples. Similar results were found for samples grown both with and without the addition of a 10-A Si cap to prevent pinhole formation in the CoSi2; moreover, Si diffusion was also observed at temperatures well below the point where pinhole formation is first found, suggesting that Si diffusion does not depend on the presence of observable pinholes.
Effects of methadone and morphine maintenance on drug-seeking behavior in the dog.

The effects of methadone and morphine maintenance on morphine self-administration were studied in the dog. Methadone was given passively for 2 weeks by continuous i.v. infusion. The amount of methadone administered daily was the same in mg/kg as the mean daily mg/kg of morphine the dogs had self-administered during the premaintenance control week. Morphine self-administration was markedly reduced initially but returned to normal levels within 2 weeks of methadone administration. Following the methadone maintenance period, morphine self-administration was increased over the premaintenance period for 2 weeks. A result similar to that with methadone was obtained in a second experiment when morphine was used as the maintenance drug in an amount that was three times the amount the dogs had been self-administering during the premaintenance control week.
Carnosinase Deficiency: a New Variant with High Residual Activity

Summary: Plasma carnosinase deficiency was discovered in a 12-yr-old male with profound mental retardation, severe athetoid spastic quadriparesis, optic atrophy, sensory peripheral neuropathy, and suprabulbar signs. Amino acid analysis revealed persistent carno-sinuria but no detectable carnosinemia. After ingestion of L-carnosine (100 mg/kg), the patient had carnosine in his plasma and excreted 28% of the administered load as carnosine (an agematched control excreted 1.3% as carnosine). Urinary 1-methyl-histidine was measurable in the patient and increased greatly during a high anserine diet. Plasma carnosinase activity in the patient was 0.28 μmoles per ml plasma per hr (control mean, 2.00; range, 1.10-2.85), his parents had activity of 1.36 and 1.30, and 2 sibs had activities of 1.10 and 1.86. Carnosinase activity in liver from the patient was 43% of control liver. We have demonstrated that carnosinase activity is present in human nerve and that sural nerve from the patient had activity that was 46% of control nerve. Histopathologic examination of the patient's nerve showed axonal degeneration. Histidine levels in the patient's liver and nerve were normal, and neither β-alanine nor carnosine was detectable. The unusually high residual carnosinase activity in plasma and tissues from this patient may explain his apparent ability to metabolize anserine and would suggest that this represents a new variant form of carnosinase deficiency. Speculation: Carnosinuria due to plasma carnosinase deficiency may be merely associated with the striking neurologic findings that have been reported rather than causally related.
The Great Wakonse Earthquake of 2003: A Short, Problem-Based Introduction to the Titration Concept

Titration is both an act and a concept. Using a collaborative-learning context, we created an activity that introduces new learners (nonscience adult learners) to the concept of titration from real-world instructions about earthquake water safety found in a California phone book.
Distance modulation of neural activity in the visual cortex

Humans use distance information to scale the size of objects. Earlier studies demonstrated changes in neural response as a function of gaze direction and gaze distance in the dorsal visual cortical pathway to parietal cortex. These findings have been interpreted as evidence of the parietal pathway's role in spatial representation. Here, distance-dependent changes in neural response were also found to be common in neurons in the ventral pathway leading to inferotemporal cortex of monkeys. This result implies that the information necessary for object and spatial scaling is common to all visual cortical areas.
Interaction of a crack with a cylindrical inclusion in heating and tension of a body

We consider the plane deformation of an infinite body with a cylindrical inclusion whose mechanical and thermophysical characteristics differ from those of the material of the body for a heat flow and tensile forces given far from the inclusion. Stress intensity factors in the vicinity of a crack located on the continuation of the diameter of the inclusion are determined by the solution of a singular integral equation using the method of mechanical quadratures. We investigate the ratio of the length of the crack to the distance between it and the inclusion at which the regular kernel of the integral equation can be neglected in calculations. In this case, analytic formulas for the determination of the stress intensity factors are obtained.
Analytic Model of a Crash Energy Absorption Structure for Crashworthy Design of an Inflatable Morphing Body

The authors have studied a crash energy absorbing (CEA) truss structure with a locking mechanism to provide rigidity and energy absorption capability during a vehicular. In this paper, we focus on the analytic model of the CEA structure. An analytical model for the CEA truss structure design will be developed. The proposed CEA structure is composed of a morphing truss structure with movable thin-walled members for morphing purposes, members which will be locked in designated positions either before or during the crash. We will describe how to model the CEA structure analytically based on the energy absorbed by the CEA structure.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
QUANTIFICATION AND CONTRIBUTING OBJECTS TO THOUGHTS

In this paper, I shall explore a determiner in natural language which is ambivalent as to whether it should be classified as quantificational or objectdenoting: the determiner both. Both in many ways appears to be a paradigmatic quantifier; and yet, I shall argue, it can be interpreted as having an individual—an object—as semantic value. To show the significance of this, I shall discuss two ways of thinking about quantifiers. We often think about quantifiers via intuitions about kinds of thoughts. Certain terms are naturally used to express singular thoughts, and appear to do so by contributing objects to the thoughts expressed. Other terms are naturally used to express general thoughts, and appear to do so by contributing higher-order properties to the thoughts expressed. Viewed this way, the main condition on whether a term is a quantifier or not is whether its semantic value is an object or a higher-order property. At least, these provide necessary conditions. Both can be interpreted as contributing objects to thoughts, and in many cases appears to express genuine singular thoughts. Thinking about quantifiers this way, both can appear object-denoting and non-quantificational. We also often think about quantifiers in terms of a range linguistic features, including semantic value, presupposition, scope, binding, syntactic distribution, and many others. Viewed this way, I shall argue, both can appear quantificational. In particular, it displays scope behavior that is one of the hallmarks of quantification. But, I shall show, it can do so even if given a semantics on which it denotes an object. Thus, both appears quantificational by some linguistic standards, and yet appears object-denoting by standards based on intuitions about the kinds of thoughts it expresses. It can appear this way, I shall argue, because the notion of quantification in natural language is in fact the intersection of a number of features, which do not always group together in the same ways, and do not always group together precisely in accord with our intuitions about expressing singular and general thoughts. Both has some important properties related to
The current-to-frequency conversion of extraocular motoneurons.

A description of the current to frequency conversion of extraocular neurons is presented. The discharge frequency of extraocular motoneurons of the cat to intracellular stimulation is rate sensitive to both depolarizing and hyperpolarizing current waveforms. From a time domain analysis of the relationship between the stimulus input current and the mathematically described measured neuronal discharge rate, the system impulse response is obtained by deconvolution. The description includes two non-linearities 1) a threshold element and 2) a current saturation element. The output of the derived process description is compared to experimental observations, evoked by a variety of current waveforms. The rate sensitive behaviour of extraocular motoneurons is demonstrated by a graph of gain versus the modulation frequency of stimulus current. It is suggested that the high frequency gain characteristic of the system partially compensates for the low pass transfer property of the extraocular muscles and orbital tissues. Thus the adaptive characteristics of these neurons could generate the neural signal necessary for the occurrence of saccadic eye movements.
Finite Element Modeling and Effect of Electrical/Mechanical Parameters on Electromechanical Impedance Damage Detection

Electromechanical Impedance (EMI) is a popular SHM technique, which has found applications in many fields of engineering: mechanical, aerospace, civil and others. Active elements of the technique are piezoelectric wafer active sensors bonded or embedded into a structural element. EMI detection of structural damage is achieved by comparing high frequency structural dynamic signatures reflected in the electromechanical impedance measured at the sensor terminals. Over a past decade, substantial efforts have been devoted to analytical and numerical modeling of various aspects of EMI method. The majority of prior studies focused on fundamental understanding of the sensor transduction mechanism and sensor-structure interaction. Although basic principles of the EMI method are now well understood, modeling of practical structural diagnostic scenarios remains challenging. This contribution expands current modeling efforts in the EMI SHM by considering issues related to energy dissipation in piezoelectric sensor and host structure, as well as its effect on detectability of structural damage. Piezoelectric element and a host structure were modeled using Comsol® Multiphysics finite element package. The finite element implementation allowed for considering contributions of active material, adhesive bond and structural damage. These contributions were studied parametrically for various model settings including mechanical and electrical losses. The study shows that sensor position may directly control damage manifestation in EMI signature; effect of adhesive bond thickness is comparable in magnitude to the effect of bond stiffness; influence of piezoelectric mechanical losses on the impedance signature is different for damaged and undamaged cases.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Consensus indices for comparing classifications

Abstract Methods for measuring the degree of agreement between dendrograms (which correspond uniquely to hierarchic nested classifications) are discussed. While some methods take the relative levels of the subsets into account, most presently available methods do not. A previously proposed consensus index is shown to have a maximum possible value that is (for a given number of objects) a function of the balance (the degree to which the subsets of each set are equal in size) of the consensus of the two classifications being compared. A new consensus index is proposed that does not have this defect. In addition, a new index is proposed that is the proportion of all possible classifications that contain the sets that are in the consensus of the two dendrograms being compared. A table giving the numbers of possible bifurcating dendrograms (up to t =100 objects) is furnished to assist in the computation of this latter index.
Complex Hyperbolic Function Charts

Discussion of a paper by L. F. Woodruff published in the May 1935 issue, pages 550–4. A. E. Kennelly (Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.): The charts offered in the paper will be serviceable to transmission engineers and to all those who are interested in alternating current lines having at operating frequency an angle not exceeding 0.4 in size.
77 ENHANCEMENT OF NUTRITIVE SUCKING PATTERNS IN PREMATURE INFANTS

Peri-oral tactile stimulation has been used to enhance nutritive sucking in premature infants who have survived life-threatening illnesses in neonatal intensive care settings. Objective data for evaluation of such programs is scant. In 31 pts (x g.a.=32 wks, x post-natal age=34d) sucking patterns were recorded for Vol., Rate, and max. Pressure during 3 different 4 min feedings of formula. Recordings were made without stimulation (0), after stimulation (A) and during stimulation (D). Stimulation consisted of light-touch pressure over the buccinator and oribucularis oris muscles at a rate of 1/sec. for 3 min before feeding (Group A) or continuously during feeding (Group D). Each pt. acted as his own control. There were no differences in Vol, Rate, or Pressures in Group 0 vs. A, but significant differences were present in Group 0 vs. D. Peri-oral tactile stimulation during feeding enhances nutritive sucking in premature infants.
Introducing computer science through animation and virtual worlds

We describe a course for non-majors that teaches computer science concepts and programming by creating simple animations and building 2D and 3D virtual worlds. Students work with scripting languages, an interactive programming environment, a programmable modeling environment, and finish with a simple programming language. Students work in pairs on computers during class. Each student creates a web portfolio to display their work.