cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Highly Divergent Integration Profile of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 5 Revealed by High-Throughput Sequencing

ABSTRACT Adeno-associated virus serotype 5 (AAV-5) is a human parvovirus that infects a high percentage of the population. It is the most divergent AAV, the DNA sequence cleaved by the viral endonuclease is distinct from all other described serotypes and, uniquely, AAV-5 does not cross-complement the replication of other serotypes. In contrast to the well-characterized integration of AAV-2, no published studies have investigated the genomic integration of AAV-5. In this study, we analyzed more than 660,000 AAV-5 integration junctions using high-throughput integrant capture sequencing of infected human cells. The integration activity of AAV-5 was 99.7% distinct from AAV-2 and favored intronic sequences. Genome-wide integration was highly correlated with viral replication protein binding and endonuclease sites, and a 39-bp consensus integration motif was revealed that included these features. Algorithmic scanning identified 126 AAV-5 hot spots, the largest of which encompassed 3.3% of all integration events. The unique aspects of AAV-5 integration may provide novel tools for biotechnology and gene therapy. IMPORTANCE Viral integration into the host genome is an important aspect of virus host cell biology. Genomic integration studies of the small single-stranded AAVs have largely focused on site preferential integration of AAV-2, which depends on the viral replication protein (Rep). We have now established the first genome wide integration profile of the highly divergent AAV-5 serotype. Using integrant capture sequencing, more than 600,000 AAV-5 integration junctions in human cells were analyzed. AAV-5 integration hot spots were 99.7% distinct from AAV-2. Integration favored intronic sequences, occurred on all chromosomes, and integration hot spot distribution was correlated with human genomic GAGC repeats and transcriptional activity. These features support expansion of AAV-5 based vectors for gene transfer considerations.
Effect of Long Range Beam-Beam Interaction on the Stability of Coherent Dipole Motion

The coherent effect of beam-beam forces on the stability of the motion of beams as rigid bunches in a collider is studied by means of simulation. The number of bunches per beam is taken to be large, with many bunches colliding simultaneously within each interaction region. It is also assumed that they populate the beams uniformly, and that they are equally spaced. The interaction regions are all identical and evenly spaced. The collision forces are assumed to be one-dimensional linear kicks. Results for stability limits are presented, as a function of tune, for various beam configurations and several values of the crossing angle.
Cutting Edge: Polarized Th Cell Response Induction by Transferred Antigen-Pulsed Dendritic Cells Is Dependent on IL-4 or IL-12 Production by Recipient Cells

To assess the influence of dendritic cell (DC) production of polarizing cytokines on Th2 and Th1 development we transferred Ag-pulsed DC generated from wild-type, IL-4(-/-), or IL-12(-/-) mice into wild-type, IL-4(-/-), or IL-12(-/-) recipients. We found that DC IL-4 was not necessary for Th2 induction and that, surprisingly, DC IL-12 was not an absolute requirement for Th1 development. However, DC IL-12 production facilitated optimal Th1 response development. Critically, recipient ability to produce IL-4 or IL-12 was essential for either Th2 or Th1 development. These data help delineate the source and importance of IL-4 and IL-12 in the process of induction of polarized T cell responses by DC.
Synthetic Beam-Sources and Plane-Sources for Prestack Beamlet Migration

*Summary We introduce the procedures of beam-source synthesis and beam-source migration for wave-equation based imaging methods and test the method with Gabor-Daubechies and local-cosine beamlet migration. Plane-source synthesis and migration are treated as a special case of approximation to the beam-source synthesis and migration. Beam-source migration has both space and direction localization of illumination and is very flexible for target-oriented migration using wave-theory based methods. On the other hand, plane-source migration can increase the computation efficiency of depth migration significantly, up to 5-10 times for the SEG-EAGE salt model and Marmousi model.
Delay-Differentiated Routing Algorithm to Enhance delay performance of WOBAN

Delay is an important metric in Wireless-Optical Broadband Access Network (WOBAN). We introduce external buffer and design Delay-Differentiated Routing Algorithm (DDRA) for WOBAN. We show that delay performance of WOBAN can be improved by DDRA.
Regularity driven logic synthesis

We present a new and innovative logic synthesis approach using regularity information of a design to selectively apply transformations and globally guide the synthesis process. Since traditional logic synthesis applies transformations without consideration of global design characteristics such as regularity and dataflow, it destroys a substantial amount of regular structures. In addition, due to the non-incremental nature of most logic transformations, synthesis relies vastly on the computationally expensive concept of trial and error application of transformations, a time-consuming process in the synthesis of large designs. The proposed approach addresses both shortcomings of traditional logic synthesis and describes a mechanism to speed up logic synthesis and preserve regularity. It selectively applies transformations to places with similar characteristics and to the same stage of a regular structure, introducing a notion of dataflow-aware synthesis. Preservation of regular structures has tremendous advantages to the following physical design stages. It yields high-density layouts, shorter wiring length and improved delay. In addition, the layout becomes more predictable at an earlier design stage.
Membrane topology and roles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Alg8 and Alg44 in alginate polymerization.

Mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that overproduce alginate are associated with chronic pulmonary disease (e.g. cystic fibrosis). Mutants defective in one of several periplasmic proteins (AlgKGX) for alginate secretion release alginate fragments due to the activity of an alginate lyase (AlgL) in the periplasm, which cleaves the newly formed polymers. However, mutants defective in Alg8 or Alg44 did not secrete polymer or alginate fragments, suggesting that both these membrane proteins have a role in the polymerization reaction. A model for the membrane topology of Alg8, a glycosyltransferase (GT), was constructed using PhoA fusions. This provided evidence for a large cytoplasmic loop containing the active domains predicted for β-GTs such as Alg8 and five transmembrane (TM) domains, one of which resembles a cleavable signal peptide. The C-terminal TM domain of Alg8 was critical for the polymerization reaction in vivo. Alanine substitution mutagenesis showed that all of the predicted active site residues in the widely spaced D, DxD, D, LxxRW motif were required for polymerization activity in vivo, and two of these substitutions also affected Alg8 protein stability. A membrane topology model for Alg44 was also constructed using PhoA fusions, and this showed a central TM domain and predicted an N-terminal TM domain that may be a membrane anchor. An N-terminal PilZ domain in Alg44 for c-di-GMP [bis-(3′,5′)-cyclic dimeric GMP] binding, which is required for alginate synthesis, was localized to the cytoplasmic loop. The long periplasmic C terminus of Alg44 contains a region similar to membrane fusion proteins (MFPs) of multi-drug efflux systems, which predicts the possibility of its interaction with another protein in this compartment. A Western blot analysis of the outer-membrane porin AlgE showed reduced AlgE levels in the alg44 mutant, whereas expression of Alg44 in trans restored AlgE within the cell. C-terminal truncations of Alg44 as small as 24 amino acids blocked alginate polymerization in vivo, indicating a critical role for the MFP domain. These studies suggest that Alg44 may act as a co-polymerase in concert with Alg8, the major GT, and that both inner-membrane proteins are required in vivo for the polymerization reaction leading to alginate production.
Acetylcholine Receptors Direct Rapsyn Clusters to the Neuromuscular Synapse in Zebrafish

Clustering of nicotinic muscle acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) requires association with intracellular rapsyn, a protein with an intrinsic ability to self-cluster. Previous studies on sofa potato ( sop ), an AChR null line of zebrafish, have suggested that AChRs may play an active role in subsynaptic localization of rapsyn clusters. To test this proposal directly, we identified and cloned the gene responsible for the sop phenotype and then attempted to rescue subsynaptic localization of the receptor-rapsyn complex in mutant fish. sop contains a leucine to proline mutation at position 28, near the N terminus of the zebrafish AChR δ subunit. Transient expression of mutant δ subunit in sop fish was unable to restore surface expression of muscle AChRs. In contrast, expression of wild-type δ subunit restored the ability of muscle to assemble surface receptors along with the ability of fish to swim. Most importantly, the ability of rapsyn clusters to localize effectively to subsynaptic sites also was rescued in large part. Our results point to direct involvement of the AChR molecule in restricting receptor-rapsyn clusters to the synapse.
The ecological consequences of temperament in spiders

Ecological and evolutionary studies on spiders have been featured prominently throughout the contemporary behavio- ral syndromes movement. Here we review the behavioral syndromes literature devoted to spiders, and identify some ways in which behavioral syndromes can impact the function of spiders in ecological communities. We further highlight three general themes within the behavioral syndromes literature for which spiders have served as front running model systems: (1) how trait correlations beget performance trade-offs, (2) the influence that behavioral trait variants have on interspecific interactions and (3) mechanisms that aid in maintaining behavioral variation within- and among-populations. Research on behavioral syndromes con- tinues to grow at an impressive rate, and we feel the success of behavioral syndromes studies in spiders bodes well for their con- tinued prominence (Current Zoology 58 (4): 589-596, 2012). Keywords Animal personality, Behavioral type, Behavioral syndrome, Social insects, Social spider
Polar bear–grizzly bear interactions during the autumn open-water period in Alaska

Reduction of summer sea ice extent has led some polar bear (Ursus maritimus) populations to increase their use of land during the summer/autumn open-water period. While terrestrial food resources are generally not sufficient to compensate for lost hunting opportunities on the sea ice, marine mammal carcasses, where available, could help reduce the energetic cost of longer periods of land use. Subsistence-harvested bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) remains are available annually near local communities along the Alaskan portion of the Beaufort Sea coast to bears that come to shore. Relatively large numbers of polar bears and some grizzly bears (U. arctos) use these resources, creating a competitive environment among species and social classes. We documented competitive interactions among polar bears and between polar and grizzly bears for bowhead whale remains adjacent to a small community in northeastern Alaska in September 2005–2007. We observed temporal partitioning of the resource by bears, with lone a...
Identifying Vasopressor and Inotrope Use for Health Services Research

Rationale: Identifying vasopressor and inotrope (vasopressor) use from administrative claims data may provide an important resource to study the epidemiology of shock.Objectives: Determine accuracy of identifying vasopressor use using International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) coding.Methods: Using administrative data enriched with pharmacy billing files (Premier, Inc., Charlotte, NC), we identified two cohorts: adult patients admitted with a diagnosis of sepsis from 2010 to 2013 or pulmonary embolism (PE) from 2008 to 2011. Vasopressor administration was obtained using pharmacy billing files (dopamine, dobutamine, epinephrine, milrinone, norepinephrine, phenylephrine, vasopressin) and compared with ICD-9-CM procedure code for vasopressor administration (00.17). We estimated performance characteristics of the ICD-9-CM code and compared patients’ characteristics and mortality rates according to vasopressor identification method.Measurements and Main Results: U...
Economic dimensions in international law: Externalities and extraterritoriality: The law and economics of prescriptive jurisdiction

Granted bases for jurisdiction that include nationality territorial residence territorial conduct territorial effect and perhaps other bases it is possible for more than a single state or jurisdiction to seek to regulate a single asset person or activity. This regulation may result in overlaps that increase costs of compliance or that contradict one another. It may also result in "underlaps" that make possible regulatory arbitrage avoidance or evasion.
Designing thermoelectric generators for self-powered wearable electronics

Body wearable sensors and electronics for health and environment monitoring are becoming increasingly popular as their functionality increases. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are of interest to make these wearables self-powered by making them rely entirely on the heat harvested from the human body. The challenge with using thermoelectrics on the human body is the large thermal resistances experienced at the skin/TEG and TEG/ambient interfaces. These parasitics can be potentially so large that they can dominate the device performance. Therefore, it is critical to have accurate models to predict the device performance considering material properties, module design and parasitics. In this paper, we present a computationally efficient, quasi three-dimensional TEG model and use this model to explore the design criteria for current state-of-the-art rigid TEG modules as well as prospective flexible modules for body wearable applications. We show the impact of the properties of the thermoelectric material, module design and dimensions, heat spreaders, filler material, heat sink and skin contact resistance on device performance. We also identify the significance of material thermal conductivity over the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity in improving the output power for wearable applications. For flexible TEGs, we identify the thermal conductivity of the filler material as one of the critical parameters that need to be taken into consideration for optimal performance. Finally, the model was used to design a custom TEG with improved material properties and device design. The measurements indicate a nearly 3× improvement in power output over a commercial TEG with similar area as successfully predicted by the calculations.
Lead Contamination in 12 Kinds Foods in Liuzhou City

[Objective]To investigate the lead contamination in food in Liuzhou.[Methods]204 food products of 12 kinds were monitored in 2005,2006 and 2008.The samples were pre-treated according to the national standard method GB/T 5009,the graphite oven atomic absorption spectrometry method was used to detect the content of the lead.[Results]Totally 189 out of 204 food products were in accordance with national standards,qualified rate was 92.6%.[Conclusion]Lead detection in all 12 kinds of foods indicates that lead contamination should be attached importance.
Determination of Cyanide Content of Fresh Bamboo Shoots and Study on Their Content Effect of Processing Method in Families

[Objective]To study the cyanide (cyanide glycosides) content of fresh bamboo shoots in Baoding markets,and investigate the effect of 2 kinds of cooking methods on its levels.[Methods]Total generated hydrocyanic acid were measured by barbituric acid and isonicotinic acid colorimetric method to represent cyanide glycosides levels in samples.[Results]The average cyanide level was 35.33 mg/kg in fresh bamboo shoots,and highest in bamboo shoot tip (183.43 mg/kg).The average cyanide level was low in processed bamboo shoots products,with the average of 1.73mg/kg.Cutting fresh bamboo shoots into small pieces and cooked in boiling water could reduce cyanide levels over 80 %.[Conclusion] Fresh bamboo shoot contains cyanide,especially in bamboo shoot tip,so that it can not be taken as immediate consumption.Cyanide levels can be reduced by cooking in boiling water.
Analysis Of Marketing Experiments with a Categorical Response Variable

The analysis of experimental data with a qualitative response variable is a problem confronted in many marketing research studies. This paper illustrates a methodology based on generalized least squares that properly handles a response variable that is discrete. The methodology is illustrated on several sets of marketing data and software packages that can be used for computations are noted.
Long-term disease-specific and cognitive quality of life after intensity-modulated radiation therapy: a cross-sectional survey of nasopharyngeal carcinoma survivors

There is a lack of data on quality of life in long-term survivors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who have been treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). We characterized long-term disease-specific and cognitive QoL in NPC survivors after IMRT. We conducted a cross-sectional study of surviving patients diagnosed and treated for NPC at our center with curative-intent IMRT, with or without chemotherapy. Patients who were deceased, still undergoing treatment, with known recurrent disease, or treated with RT modality other than IMRT were excluded. QoL was measured by FACT-NP and FACT-Cog. Between May and November 2013, 44 patients completed cognitive (FACT-Cog), general (FACT-G), and NPC-specific (NPCS) QoL assessments. Patients were categorized into 4 cohorts based on duration since IMRT (≤2.5, >2.5–6, >6–10, and >10–16 years). There was no significant difference in age (p = 0.20) or stage ((I/II vs III/IV: p = 0.78) among the cohorts. The 4 cohorts differed overall for all QoL measures (ANOVA: p 2.5–6 years post-IMRT compared with ≤2.5 years post-IMRT (post hoc tests: p ≤ 0.04 for each). No differences were observed between >2.5–6 and >6–10 years post-IMRT, but lower mean FACT-Cog and NPCS scores were observed for >10 years compared to >2.5–6 years post-IMRT (post hoc: p 10 years post-IMRT, lower scores were observed in the domains of NPC-specific and cognitive QoL. Survivors of NPC, even if treated with IMRT, are at risk for detriment in domain-specific QoL measures at very long-term follow-up.
Vascularized Pedicle Flaps for Kienböck’s Disease

Pedicled vascularized bone grafts (VBGs) are an effective option in the treatment of Kienbock’s disease. As tools in a surgeon’s armamentarium, they provide several advantages over conventional grafts including the ability to revascularize bone while preserving bone mass and strength. Pedicled VBGs may be used as the sole treatment in ulna neutral and ulna positive variance, or as an adjunct to joint leveling procedures in patients with ulna negative variance. They have been used in stage II, IIIA, and IIIB disease. Several different grafts based on various pedicles have been described. The 4 + 5 ECA is ideal secondary to its long pedicle length, large pedicle diameter, and relative ulnar location. Unloading of the lunate by scaphocapitate temporary pinning or arthrodesis is favored given the theoretical risk that early loads may hinder bone graft incorporation and revascularization. Lunate revascularization procedures are technically demanding, and though attractive, technical error and pedicle injury can contribute to failure.
Complications in colorectal surgery

Colorectal pediatric surgery is a diverse field that encompasses many different procedures. The pullthrough for Hirschsprung disease, the posterior sagittal anorectoplasty for anorectal malformations including complex cloaca reconstructions and the ileal pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis present some of the most technically challenging procedures pediatric surgeons undertake. Many children prevail successfully following these surgical interventions, however, a small number of patients suffer from complications following these procedures. Anticipated postoperative problems are discussed along with medical and surgical strategies for managing these complications.
A before-after control-impact assessment to understand the potential impacts of highway construction noise and activity on an endangered songbird.

Anthropogenic noise associated with highway construction and operation can have individual- and population-level consequences for wildlife (e.g., reduced densities, decreased reproductive success, behavioral changes). We used a before–after control–impact study design to examine the potential impacts of highway construction and traffic noise on endangered golden-cheeked warblers (Setophaga chrysoparia; hereafter warbler) in urban Texas. We mapped and monitored warbler territories before (2009–2011), during (2012–2013), and after (2014) highway construction at three study sites: a treatment site exposed to highway construction and traffic noise, a control site exposed only to traffic noise, and a second control site exposed to neither highway construction or traffic noise. We measured noise levels at varying distances from the highway at sites exposed to construction and traffic noise. We examined how highway construction and traffic noise influenced warbler territory density, territory placement, productivity, and song characteristics. In addition, we conducted a playback experiment within study sites to evaluate acute behavioral responses to highway construction noises. Noise decreased with increasing distance from the highways. However, noise did not differ between the construction and traffic noise sites or across time. Warbler territory density increased over time at all study sites, and we found no differences in warbler territory placement, productivity, behavior, or song characteristics that we can attribute to highway construction or traffic noise. As such, we found no evidence to suggest that highway construction or traffic noise had a negative effect on warblers during our study. Because human population growth will require recurring improvements to transportation infrastructure, understanding wildlife responses to anthropogenic noise associated with the construction and operation of roads is essential for effective management and recovery of prioritized species.
Making Creative Cities in the Global West: The New Polarization and Ghettoization in Cleveland, USA, and Glasgow, UK

“Ordinary” cities of the global west currently experience a feverish redevelopment drive to “creativize.” Amid turbulent austerity policies and global economic malaise, growth machines strive to cultivate “a creative city” that refines a previous (pre 2005) “go-entrepreneurial” surge. This chapter deepens our understanding of this drive. At my argument’s core, this creative redevelopment anchors in a new relationalness which has two parts. First, its imposing of an ecology of creativity on the city, led by glittery downtowns, interconnects with the city’s biggest scourges, ghettos, and slums. Second, growth machines serve up the concept “new global times” as the central frame to understand this redevelopment’s importance. The discussion draws on the recent redevelopment experiences of two mid-sized, “ordinary” cities in the global west, Cleveland and Glasgow.
Animal-Assisted Stress Reduction Programs in Higher Education.

This study investigated the prevalence of increasingly popular animal-assisted stress relief programs at higher education institutions across the United States. Although research on animal-assisted programs is increasing, there is still a lack of information documenting implementation of these programs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence, structure, and policies around animal-assisted programs. Data from 68 schools across the U.S. revealed that animal visitation at higher education institutions is popular, and some schools have instituted formalized programs. However, there is an overall lack of knowledge regarding standards and requirements that would increase the safety and effectiveness of these programs.
α-Synuclein’s Uniquely Long Amphipathic Helix Enhances its Membrane Binding and Remodeling Capacity

α-Synuclein is the primary protein found in Lewy bodies, the protein and lipid aggregates associated with Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia. The protein folds into a uniquely long amphipathic α-helix (AH) when bound to a membrane, and at high enough concentrations, it induces large-scale remodeling of membranes (tubulation and vesiculation). By engineering a less hydrophobic variant of α-Synuclein, we previously showed that the energy associated with binding of α-Synuclein's AH correlates with the extent of membrane remodeling (Braun et al. in J Am Chem Soc 136:9962-9972, 2014). In this study, we combine fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and vesicle clearance assays with coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to test the impact of decreasing the length of the amphipathic helix on membrane binding energy and tubulation. We show that truncation of α-Synuclein's AH length by approximately 15% reduces both its membrane binding affinity (by fivefold) and membrane remodeling capacity (by nearly 50% on per mole of bound protein basis). Results from simulations correlate well with the experiments and lend support to the idea that at high protein density there is a stabilization of individual, protein-induced membrane curvature fields. The extent to which these curvature fields are stabilized, a function of binding energy, dictates the extent of tubulation. Somewhat surprisingly, we find that this stabilization does not correlate directly with the geometric distribution of the proteins on the membrane surface.
The Patient Experience: An Analysis of Orthopedic Surgeon Quality on Physician-Rating Sites

Abstract Background With the advent of the Consensus Core of Orthopedic Measures, arthroplasty surgeons are increasingly subjected to public performance reviews on physician-rating sites. Therefore, we evaluated (1) web site details of physician-rating sites, (2) differences between sites and the Consensus Core, (3) published patient experiences, (4) search rank among sites, and (5) differences between academic vs nonacademic and arthroplasty vs nonarthroplasty surgeons. Methods The 5 busiest physician-rating sites were analyzed. To compare physician-rating sites to the Consensus Core, 3 reviewers analyzed the web site details. To evaluate patient ratings and reviews, orthopedists from the top 5 academic and nonacademic hospitals (2016 US News & World Report) were analyzed. Institution-produced rating sites were also analyzed. Findings were stratified between academic vs nonacademic and arthroplasty vs nonarthroplasty surgeons. Five hundred and six staff surgeons across 10 academic and nonacademic affiliated hospitals yielded 27,792 patient-generated ratings and reviews for 1404 accounts. Results Features on all sites were practice location, languages spoken, and patient experience. Two sites autogenerated profiles of surgeons without consent. No physician-rating site contained all Consensus Core domains. The composite orthopedic surgeon rating was 4.1 of 5. No significant differences were found between academic and nonacademic affiliated surgeons. Arthroplasty surgeons had a greater number of reviews and ratings on 2 sites. Conclusion Reliability of physician-rating sites is questionable, as none contained all Consensus Core domains. Autogeneration of surgeon profiles is occurring, and no differences between academic vs nonacademic or arthroplasty vs nonarthroplasty surgeons were found. Institution-produced sites may serve to better promote and market surgeons.
Alterations of functional connectivity of the motor cortex in Fabry disease: An RS-fMRI study.

Objective: To evaluate the presence of functional connectivity (FC) alterations of the motor circuits in patients with Fabry disease (FD) and their possible correlation with clinical variables with a resting-state (RS) fMRI analysis. Methods: In our cross-sectional study, 32 patients with FD with genetically confirmed classic diagnosis of FD (12 men, mean age 43.3 ± 12.2 years) were enrolled along with 35 healthy controls (HCs) of comparable age and sex (14 men, mean age 42.1 ± 14.5 years). RS-fMRI data were analyzed with a seed-based approach, with 2 different seeds for right and left motor cortex. Patients with FD underwent a clinical examination for the assessment of different motor functions. Correlations with clinical variables were probed with the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: A reduction of FC was found in patients with FD compared to HCs between both motor cortices and 2 clusters encompassing, for each side, the caudate and lenticular nucleus (p Conclusions: An alteration of the corticostriatal pathway is present in FD, in line with the recently suggested subclinical involvement of motor circuits in this disease. These results shed new light on the pattern of cerebral involvement in FD.
The Persona Party: Using Personas to Design for Learning at Scale

This paper describes a method we have developed to engage a group of MOOC designers and developers in collaboratively creating personas to improve the design of learning experiences for future MOOC learners. Building on previous work in user experience design and educational technology design, we describe how three kinds of personas (assumptive, aspirational, and data-informed) can be used to inform the design and development of new MOOC courses and to improve existing courses that are in the iteration phase.
To Share and Protect: Using Regulatory Focus Theory to Examine the Privacy Paradox of Consumers' Social Media Engagement and Online Privacy Protection Behaviors☆

Abstract Consumers' personal information often informs retailers' marketing efforts in terms of creating value in the online marketplace. This study examines four factors related to consumers' social media engagement and online privacy protection behaviors. Regulatory focus, social exchange, and marketing relationship theories explain the online consumer personal information share-and-protect model developed. Consumers aged 18–64 years across the United States participated in this survey research. The results suggest that while personal privacy violation experience and perceived secondary control of one's personal information are influential antecedents, privacy concerns and trust in social media websites mediate each of these respectively. The findings suggest that promotion- and prevention-related behaviors regarding personal information align with the orientation of the antecedents, indicating that regulatory focus theory shows promise for examining the privacy paradox. We conclude by developing a matrix that integrates regulatory focus and social exchange theories to guide future research.
Evaluation of port site hernias, chronic pain and recurrence rates after laparoscopic ventral hernia repair: a monocentric long-term study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate hernia appearance at the trocar site after laparoscopic treatment of primary or incisional ventral hernias using an intraperitoneal prosthetic mesh. Chronic pain at the trocar site and primary hernia recurrence were also evaluated. Two-hundred and twenty-six consecutive patients who underwent a standardized laparoscopic hernia repair for primary or incisional ventral hernia at our centre between January 2000 and December 2008 were included. All patients had clinical and radiological examinations. Primary end points were port site hernia and the occurrence of chronic trocar site pain. Secondary end point was primary hernia recurrence. Seventy-eight patients were excluded: 6 declined to participate, 48 were unreachable, and 24 did not meet the inclusion criteria (nine underwent a single site laparoscopic approach, ten died of unrelated disease, three were unable to visit the hospital and two had relocated). After exclusion, 148 remained in our study. Mean follow-up was 49 ± 12.6 months. Mean age at the time of surgery was 60 years (range, 28–83) In total, 504 port sites were clinically and radiologically evaluated, and only one (0.02%) had secondary herniation. Three patients (2.0%) had a recurrent hernia, and 14 (9.5%) had developed chronic pain at time of assessment. Nine patients (6.1%) were re-operated for the recurrent hernia before the follow-up evaluation. The overall recurrence rate is, therefore, 8.1%. Only two minor complications and no major complications occurred after surgery. No mortality was observed. Laparoscopic repair for primary or incisional ventral hernias is a safe surgical approach, with low rates of hernia recurrence and a low morbidity rate. When fascial closure is maintained for 10 mm port sites, the incidence of port site hernias is very low. Five millimetre ports do not require closure.
Testosterone inhibits the growth of prostate cancer xenografts in nude mice.

Traditional beliefs of androgen’s stimulating effects on the growth of prostate cancer (PCa) have been challenged in recent years. Our previous in vitro study indicated that physiological normal levels of androgens inhibited the proliferation of PCa cells. In this in vivo study, the ability of testosterone (T) to inhibit PCa growth was assessed by testing the tumor incidence rate and tumor growth rate of PCa xenografts on nude mice. Different serum testosterone levels were manipulated in male nude/nude athymic mice by orchiectomy or inserting different dosages of T pellets subcutaneously. PCa cells were injected subcutaneously to nude mice and tumor incidence rate and tumor growth rate of PCa xenografts were tested. The data demonstrated that low levels of serum T resulted in the highest PCa incidence rate (50%). This PCa incidence rate in mice with low T levels was significantly higher than that in mice treated with higher doses of T (24%, P < 0.01) and mice that underwent orchiectomy (8%, P < 0.001). Mice that had low serum T levels had the shortest tumor volume doubling time (112 h). This doubling time was significantly shorter than that in the high dose 5 mg T arm (158 h, P < 0.001) and in the orchiectomy arm (468 h, P < 0.001). These results indicated that low T levels are optimal for PCa cell growth. Castrate T levels, as seen after orchiectomy, are not sufficient to support PCa cell growth. Higher levels of serum T inhibited PCa cell growth.
Ethics Across Early Childhood Education

Early childhood ethics education has been of longstanding interest for philosophers, psychologists, and those with interests in child development and education more generally. The significance of early childhood education remains vital today, with an expanding focus on ethical, social, and emotional education in pre- and primary classrooms. Taken together, and given the confluence of several areas of development in early childhood—cognitive, moral, social, and emotional—this period of life presents robust opportunities for ethics education. I conceptualize ethics education in early childhood in two broad ways: first, as an educational process embedded in the child’s experience of the school as a sociomoral environment that can provide important, if indirect, opportunities for ethical learning and development. Second, I take up ethics education in the child’s participation in specific ethics and social-emotional learning programs for classroom, home, and broader community use. While presenting a range of approaches to early childhood ethics education, I argue for the benefits of methodological pluralism, identifying the many continuities and opportunities for collaboration across the theoretical and practical divisions set up in the field of ethics education, and call for collaborative teacher-researcher partnerships in order to develop effective ethics education programming.
Locally corrected Nyström discretization for impressed current cathodic protection systems

A high-order locally corrected Nystrom discretization for analyzing impressed current cathodic protection systems is presented. Non-linear polarization curves are incorporated using a Newton-Raphson scheme. A Schur complement scheme is introduced to handle large domains with small electrodes. The scheme is validated by comparing to the analytic solution for a sphere.
Cognitive performance application

This work shows that combining the techniques of neural networking and predictive analytics with the fundamental concepts of computing performance optimization is genuine in many ways. It has the potentials to: (1) reduce infrastructure upgrade costs (2) reduce human interactions, by enabling the system to learn, analyze, and make decisions on its own, and (3) generalize the solutions to other performance problems. This paper attempts to tackle a JVM performance optimization from a different dimension and in a way that can be scaled to other common utilized resources, such as file systems, static contents, search engines, web services…etc. It shows how to build a framework that monitors the performance metrics to determine patterns leading to bottleneck incidents and then benchmark these performance metrics. The framework uses artificial neural network in its core to accomplish this first steps with immediate benefit of eliminating the need to a domain expert analyzing which of these metrics is more important or has more weight on constituting the bottleneck condition, and hence enable the system to deal with more ambiguous situations. The framework uses an analytics engine, to establish predictive patterns between the system bottleneck and library of factors in order to establish an early alert system and thus enhancing the weight of the bottleneck signal. Finally the framework acts in defense when the deadlock signal is triggered from the learning and/or the analytics engine through streaming down concurrent transactions into a temporarily queuing data structure. We put our model into a test and built a simulation to quantify the added benefit of each component of our framework. The results are proven to demonstrate the immediate benefit of our framework and open doors for other future work.
How Much do You Care?: Mining and Analysis of Tweets Pertaining to Health Issues

Online social network presents an effective platform to understand the mass behavior of people which help us come up with strategies to inform, engage and organize people. Health care is one of the key domains where social network has emerged to be a very effective tool for bringing awareness about a variety of issues. In this paper, our focus is on the discussions on health issues taking place on Twitter® 11Twitter is a registered trademark. Text data on prevalent health issues, namely, heart disease, obesity, breast cancer, COPD, diabetes, and HIV is mined over a month and then analyzed. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the extent of the user engagement on Twitter involving these issues. Measurements of over or under representation of the health issues are presented by comparing real world mortality of the issue and its corresponding tweet volume. Sentiment analysis and classification of the tweets are presented to reflect public moods and themes of public interests including news and advertisements. Presented study not only sheds some light on contemporary state of user engagement but also it may help various interested entities to design more appropriate public engagement strategies.
Task Engagement Inference Within Distributed Multiparty Human-Machine Teaming via Topic Modeling

Research in Intelligent Awareness Systems (IAS) focuses on designing systems that are aware of their current environment by monitoring human interactions and making inferences on when to engage with human counterparts. A potential gap is task engagement inference for distributed human-machine teaming. The objective of this paper is a proposed intelligent awareness system via task topic modeling for task engagement inference within these domains. If the system has information on “what” teammates are discussing or the task topic, it is better informed prior to engaging. The proposed task topic model is applied to two simulated multiparty, distributed teaming interactions and evaluated on its ability to infer the current task topic. For both tasks, the model performs well over the random baseline, however the performance is degraded for interactions with more robust dialogue. This work has the potential of informing the development of intelligent awareness systems within distributed multiparty teaming and collaborative endeavors.
Natural Language Processing for the Identification of Surgical Site Infections in Orthopaedics.

Background The identification of surgical site infections for infection surveillance in hospitals depends on the manual abstraction of medical records and, for research purposes, depends mainly on the use of administrative or claims data. The objective of this study was to determine whether automating the abstraction process with natural language processing (NLP)-based models that analyze the free-text notes of the medical record can identify surgical site infections with predictive abilities that match the manual abstraction process and that surpass surgical site infection identification from administrative data. Methods We used surgical site infection surveillance data compiled by the infection prevention team to identify surgical site infections among patients undergoing orthopaedic surgical procedures at a tertiary care academic medical center from 2011 to 2017. We compiled a list of keywords suggestive of surgical site infections, and we used NLP to identify occurrences of these keywords and their grammatical variants in the free-text notes of the medical record. The key outcome was a binary indicator of whether a surgical site infection occurred. We estimated 7 incremental multivariable logistic regression models using a combination of administrative and NLP-derived variables. We split the analytic cohort into training (80%) and testing data sets (20%), and we used a tenfold cross-validation approach. The main analytic cohort included 172 surgical site infection cases and 200 controls that were repeatedly and randomly selected from a pool of 1,407 controls. Results For Model 1 (variables from administrative data only), the sensitivity was 68% and the positive predictive value was 70%; for Model 4 (with NLP 5-grams [distinct sequences of 5 contiguous words] from the medical record), the sensitivity was 97% and the positive predictive value was 97%; and for Model 7 (a combination of Models 1 and 4), the sensitivity was 97% and the positive predictive value was 97%. Thus, NLP-based models identified 97% of surgical site infections identified by manual abstraction with high precision and 43% more surgical site infections compared with models that used administrative data only. Conclusions Models that used NLP keywords achieved predictive abilities that were comparable with the manual abstraction process and were superior to models that used administrative data only. NLP has the potential to automate and aid accurate surgical site infection identification and, thus, play an important role in their prevention. Clinical relevance This study examines NLP's potential to automate the identification of surgical site infections. This automation can potentially aid the prevention and early identification of these surgical complications, thereby reducing their adverse clinical and economic impact.
Anti-Carceral Feminism: The Contradictions of Progress and the Possibilities of Counter-Hegemonic Struggle:

History reveals that the pathway toward carceral feminism was fraught with contradictions. Feminist reform strategies that appeared progressive devolved into mandates contributing to the policies o...
We've Only Just Begun

It is a new year and a new editorial team. We are pleased to introduce the editors-in-chief for The DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems for the next three years: Deb Armstrong and Tom Stafford. The DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems has been in continuous publication since 1969, marking it as one of the longest-published research journals in the field of information systems. Having just celebrated our 50th year of publication, we are pleased to begin our editorial term with initiatives intended to continue to move The DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems toward an even more impactful and notable presence in the field of information systems scholarship and practice. We have truly only just begun!
Light Intensity Dependence of Photochemical Charge Separation in the BiVO4/Ru-SrTiO3:Rh Direct Contact Tandem Photocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting

The energy conversion efficiency of tandem photocatalysts for the overall water splitting reaction (OWS) is currently limited by our understanding of carrier separation and recombination in such sy...
Commercial GaN-Based Power Electronic Systems: A Review

Wide bandgap semiconductor technology is gaining widespread acceptance in the area of high-power and high-temperature power electronics. Gallium nitride (GaN) not only has a wide bandgap of 3.4 eV and all the associated superior electronic properties but also enables the development of high-mobility power devices which is critical in increasing the power density of a power electronics system. Since a commercial GaN power transistor has a lateral structure as opposed to the traditional vertical device structure, commercially available devices are rated below 1000 V breakdown voltage with a maximum value of 900 V and typical value around 650 V. The primary focus of this review will be to introduce readers to the commercially available power electronic systems developed by various manufacturers which employ GaN-based power devices and highlight their remarkable performance which surpasses existing technology. This review also includes a brief introduction on GaN technology followed by current market study showing the roadmap of integration of GaN-based power electronics in the power industry.
Firearm Deaths are Increasing and Endemic in the USA: It is a Problem of Suicides and Not Homicides

To analyze and report on the changes in epidemiology traumatic causes of death in the USA. Data were extracted from the annual National Vital Statistics Reports (2008–2017) from Center for Disease Control and analyzed for trends during the time period given. Generalized additive model was applied to evaluate the significance of trend using R software. Firearm deaths (39,790) and firearm death rate (12.2/100,000) in 2017 were the highest reported, and this increasing trend was significant (p < 0.001) the last ten years. Deaths from motor vehicle crash (MVC) and firearm homicides did not change significantly during the same time period. Firearm deaths were lower than MVC deaths by 21% (8,197/39,790) in 2008, but after 10 years, the difference was only 1% (458/40,231). Years of life lost from firearms is now higher than MVC. Suicides by firearm in 2017 were the highest reported at 23,854/39,773 (60%). In 2017, suicides by firearm victims were predominantly white 20,328/23,562 (85%), men 20,362/23,562 (86%), and the largest group was between the ages of 55–64. Death from firearms in the USA is increasing and endemic. They were the highest ever reported in 2017 by the CDC. While deaths from MVC used to be the main cause of traumatic death in the USA, deaths from firearms now almost equal it. Calculated years of life lost from firearms is now more than from MVC. Most firearm deaths are not from homicides but are from suicides, and they are predominantly in white older males of the baby boomer generation (born 1946–1964).