cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The new World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology (WHO/ISUP) classification for TA, T1 bladder tumors: Is it an improvement?

The World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology (WHO/ISUP) consensus classification of urothelial neoplasms of the urinary bladder was developed in an attempt to both improve upon prior classification systems as well as to adopt a classification system that would have widespread acceptance. Prior to this classification system, numerous diverse grading schemes for bladder cancer existed whereby the same lesion seen by different pathologists would result in very different diagnoses solely based on definitional differences of lesions. Another strength of the consensus classification system is that it provides detailed histological criteria for papillary urothelial lesions. In contrast, prior grading systems for bladder tumors were vague and subjective. The current classification system allows for designation of a lesion (papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential), which biologically has a very low risk of progression, yet is not entirely benign. In the past, these lesions were a source of controversy, as some experts in the field required very restrictive criteria for the diagnosis of papilloma and would label such lesions as malignant. Other experts in the field, not wanting to label a patient with such a low-grade papillary lesion as having carcinoma, would diagnose these lesions as papilloma. This intermediate category allows both schools of thought to diagnose a lesion as not fully malignant, yet still documents need for additional follow-up. Since its inception, several studies have been published documenting the relationship of tumors classified using the WHO/ISUP system to prognosis. These articles are summarized within this review.
Flowering of Berseem Clover Types in Response to Vernalization

Winter hardiness of ‘Bigbee’ berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) was reported to differ between plants grown from certified seed and breeder seed. Winter growth form also differed, with plants from breeder seed forming a rosette and plants from certified seed elongating. To determine if growth form differences were due to a change in vernalization response, imbibed seeds of Bigbee certified and breeder seed and certified ‘Multicut’ were vernalized at 2°C for 0 to 6 wk in weekly increments. Seeds from all treatments were simultaneously germinated and grown in a greenhouse under 18-h daylength. Days to flowering, node at first flower, and the number of nodes below 5 cm at flowering were recorded. Replicated experiments were conducted with germination dates of 17 Aug. 1992 and 25 Feb. 1993. The regression of days to flowering and node at first flower on vernalization period was significant for Bigbee certified and breeder seed. Response slopes of Bigbee plants grown from certified and breeder seed differed from each other for all variables. As vernalization period decreased, plants from Bigbee breeder seed flowered later and at a higher node than plants from Bigbee certified seed. Vernalization had no effect on days to flowering or node at first flower for Multicut. Variation in vernalization response between Bigbee breeder seed and certified seed indicated that a change occurred during the production of certified seed. Multicut and Bigbee certified seed may have less winter grazing tolerance than Bigbee breeder seed since there were fewer nodes near the soil line to support regrowth. Mississippi Agric. For. Exp. Stn. Journal Article no. J-8368.
Assignment of the gene for glyoxylase I to mouse chromosome 17 by somatic cell genetics.

Evidence is presented for the assignment of the gene for glyoxylase I to mouse chromosome 17 using mouse × Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids. GLO I was not expressed concordantly with any known marker enzymes which represented 11 linkage groups. The presence of chromosome 17 and expression of GLO I were concordant in 31/31 clones. GLO I is thus linked to the H-2 histocompatibility locus in the mouse.
Sandblasting and silica coating of a glass-infiltrated alumina ceramic: Volume loss, morphology, and changes in the surface composition☆

Silica coating can improve bonding of resin to glass-infiltrated aluminum oxide ceramic (In-Ceram), and sandblasting is a pretreatment to thermal silica coating (Silicoater MD system) or a tribochemical coating process (Rocatec system). This study evaluated the effects of sandblasting and coating techniques on volume loss, surface morphology, and surface composition of In-Ceram ceramic. Volume loss through sandblasting was 36 times less for In-Ceram ceramic compared with a feldspathic glass ceramic (IPS-Empress), and sandblasting of In-Ceram ceramic did not change its surface composition. After tribochemical coating with the Rocatec system, a layer of small silica particles remained that elevated the silica content to 19.7 weight percentage (energy-dispersive spectroscopy). Ultrasonic cleaning removed loose silica particles from the surface and decreased the silica content to 15.8 weight percentage, which suggested firm attachment of most of the silica layer to the surface. After treatment with the Silicoater MD system, the silica content increased only slightly from that of the sandblasted specimen. The silica layer created by these systems differs greatly in both morphology and thickness, which could result in different bond strengths. Sandblasting of all ceramic clinical restorations with feldspathic glass materials should be avoided, but for In-Ceram ceramic the volume loss was within an acceptable range and similar to that of noble metals.
Do Cross-Cultural Values Affect Multisource Feedback Dynamics? The Case of High Power Distance and Collectivism in Two Latin American Countries

In this investigation we report results of a study designed to test the effect of crosscultural values on multisource feedback (MSF). With the participation of a sample of 501 managers from Venezuela and Colombia, two collectivistic and high power distance countries, results of the study indicate that cultural values distort the evaluations involved in MSF systems. Specifically, unlike reports of studies conducted in individualistic and low power distance environments, we found that (a) peers are the least discrepant source of information, (b) subordinates tend to provide the highest evaluations across feedback sources, and (c) there is an excessive emphasis on people-oriented behaviors. Results are discussed in light of the conflict between our findings and those in existing literature. The practical implications of MSF in multi-cultural workplaces are addressed.
Initialization of a wireless clock distribution system using an external antenna

A compact wireless clock distribution system with an external planar array antenna which can provide phase uniformity suitable for synchronizing at 3 GHz over an area 4-5 /spl times/ larger than that previously thought possible is proposed. The system is composed of an off-chip antenna and multiple clock receivers distributed over an integrated circuit or over multiple IC's. The system has a comparable form factor as a system using conventional clock system. A technique to synchronize the receivers is proposed. The transmitter and receiver circuits required for the system have been fabricated in a 130-nm CMOS process. Using a transmitter, an amplitude modulated 17-GHz clock signal is generated and transmitted. The signal is picked up by a receiver and utilized to initialize/synchronize the receiver and to generate a local clock signal in the presence of a heatsink.
Identity theft vulnerability Neoliberal governance through crime construction

Under the rubric of neoliberalism, the governance of populations occurs through new technologies and techniques of social control. Contemporary neoliberal discourses of crime control, in particular...
Embodiment and communication. Two frames for the analysis of ritual

L'analyse du rituel s'opere parfois selon les termes des effets escomptes sur le corps des acteurs et ceux des valeurs sociales codees dans ces effets (incarnation). Elle peut aussi s'attacher a suivre les modes d'information transmis par les acteurs aux spectateurs (communication). Ces deux cadres analytiques sont plus complementaires qu'ils ne s'opposent, se referant chacun a differents aspects ou sequences des pratiques rituelles. Cet argument s'applique ici a l'etude de deux cultes empruntes aux regions Melpa et Duna de la Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinee, distinguant des formes elementaires et complexes de codifications et d'incarnation en suggerant l'idee que des logiques transculturelles d'incarnation puissent etre identifiees a des fins comparatives.
Wigner Function Modeling of the Resonant Tunneling Diode

In recent years a number of techniques have been developed which have allowed semiconductor devices to be fabricated with ever-smaller feature sizes. Using MBE and MOCVD epitaxial growth techniques,(1) the composition of semiconductor wafers can be controlled on atomic length scales. This leads to potential variations along one (growth) direction that vary on scales as small as one atomic layer. Using electron-beam and x-ray lithographies, it has also become possible to pattern gates with characteristic features on the scale of a few tens of nanometers. These small scales are comparable to the wavelengths of the electrons and holes within the devices. In this regime, device modeling cannot be based on a classical picture augmented by quantum corrections and parameters; it must incorporate quantum mechanics at a fundamental level.
BILATERAL HYDRONEPHROSIS FROM CIPROFLOXACIN INDUCED CRYSTALLURIA AND STONE FORMATION

Ciprofloxacin is a widely used fluoroquinolone for the treatment of complicated and uncomplicated infections. Experimental studies in humans and animals have indicated that crystalluria may be associated with the administration of fluoroquinolones but, to our knowledge, no case of obstructive uropathy has been reported.'.' We describe a case of bilateral urinary tract obstruction and acute renal failure due to urinary tract stones predominantly composed of ciprofloxacin. CASE REPORT A 71-year-old white woman was admitted to the hospital with a 2-week history of intermittent gross hematuria, bilateral lower extremity edema and respiratory distress. Medical history was remarkable for deforming rheumatoid arthritis and moderate left ventricular dysfunction. Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis had been diagnosed 2 months earlier and warfarin sodium anticoagulation was prescribed. There was no history of azotemia, proteinuria, hematuria or nephrolithiasis. Symptoms of dysuria had developed 3 weeks earlier and 500 mg. ciprofloxacin were given orally twice daily for a total of 24 days for presumed urinary tract infection. Physical examination revealed an elderly white woman with diffuse expiratory wheezes and bilateral lower extremity edema. Creatinine was 3.1 mg./dl. (normal 0.6 to 1.4), uric acid 10.5 mg./dl. (normal 2.3 to 6.0) and urine pH 6.0 (normal 4.5 to 8.0). Grossly, urine contained copious gray sediment. Microscopically, a large number of crystals of varying morphology were present. A renal sonogram revealed normal size kidneys of normal echogenicity with bilateral hydronephrosis and 24-hour urine uric acid was 568 mg. (normal 250 to 750). Cystoscopy with bilateral retrograde pyelography and stent placement were performed. A large amount of friable crystalline material was present in the bladder and multiple radiolucent filling defects were identified in the distal ureters bilaterally (see figure). A specimen of the friable calculus was composed of 15% uric acid and 85% ciprofloxacin. Intravenous hydration was maintained and allopurinol was started. The urine sediment cleared rapidly, renal function returned to previous baseline levels and serum creatinine decreased to 0.7 mg./dl. within 72 hours. DISCUSSION
Linear and nonlinear algorithms for identification in H ∞ with error bounds

In this paper, a linear and a nonlinear algorithm are presented for the problem of system "identification in H∞", posed by Helmicki, Jacobson and Nett. We derive some error bounds for the linear algorithm which indicate that if the model error is not too high, then this algorithm has good guaranteed error properties. The linear algorithm requires only FFT (fast Fourier transform) computations. A nonlinear algorithm, which requires an additional step of solving a Nehari best approximation problem, is also presented that has the robust convergence property.
Oxidative Protein Folding with Small Molecules

The in vitro oxidative folding of disulfide containing proteins has traditionally been enhanced by the addition of redox active small molecules, usually aliphatic thiols such as glutathione. Although enhanced, in many cases folding is still kinetically slow and/or low yielding. In response to the need for improved folding, additional types of redox active small molecules have recently been examined, such as bis(cysteine) containing peptides, small molecule dithiols, aromatic thiols, and selenols. In general, these molecules have demonstrated the ability to improve either or both protein folding rates and yields compared to the standard reagent glutathione, although only a limited number of proteins have been examined so far. Some promising results have also been obtained with in vivo folding. Herein, the evidence in support of each type of molecule is presented and discussed, and some general ­conclusions are presented. Ultimately, the field is likely to undergo both expansion and consolidation as more examples are investigated.
Syndecan-1 mediates internalization of apoE-VLDL through a low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP)-independent, non-clathrin-mediated pathway

Background Triacylglyerol-rich very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles are the primary carriers of fatty acids in the circulation and as such serve as a rich energy source for peripheral tissues. Receptor-mediated uptake of these particles is dependent upon prior association with apolipoprotein E (apoE-VLDL) and is brought about by cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) in some cell types and by the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) in others. Although LRP's role in apoE-VLDL uptake has been well studied, the identity of the HSPG family member that mediates apoE-VLDL uptake has not been established. We investigated if syndecan-1 (Syn-1), a transmembrane cell surface HSPG, is able to mediate the internalization of apoE-VLDL and examined the relationship between Syn-1 and LRP toward apoE-VLDL uptake. For this study, we used a human fibroblast cell line (GM00701) that expresses large amounts of LRP, but possesses no LDL receptor activity to eliminate its contributions toward apoE-VLDL uptake.
Peyronie's disease: an update of the medical management.

Peyronie’s disease (PD) is characterised by penile plaque formation, pain, penile deformity and erectile dysfunction. It is a fibrotic disorder of the tunica albuginea with a poorly understood aetiology and epidemiology. PD may be classified into inflammatory (acute) and chronic stages. Medical treatment is usually instigated during the inflammatory phase of the disease. A review of the literature reveals a wide range of oral, intralesional and alternative therapies that are discussed in relation to established pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. The advantages and disadvantages of each treatment are summarised. This review also discusses the ongoing therapeutic dilemmas of PD and suggests a treatment strategy based on an analysis of the urological literature.
Resurrecting “Old” Language Learning Methods to Reduce Anxiety for New Language Learners: Community Language Learning to the Rescue

Abstract Traditional methods of language teaching include drills and repetitions with little emphasis on communication. Students who are anxious about their listening and speaking abilities tend to maintain an affective barrier that can make language acquisition almost impossible. This paper shares a teacher's dilemma and eventual success as she tries to teach Spanish to four monolingual English-speaking Puerto Rican boys who have recently, and reluctantly, relocated to Puerto Rico. The youngsters are unapproachable until the teacher begins to implement strategies from the older language teaching methodology, Charles Curran's Community Language Learning (CLL), which focuses on strategies that reduce anxiety, as the teacher plays the role of understanding and empathetic counselor. The uses and implications of this method are also discussed.
The Challenges of Pertussis Outbreaks in Healthcare Facilities: Is There A Light at the End of the Tunnel?

From the Divisions of Infectious Diseases in the Department of Pediatrics (K.M.E.) and Department of Medicine (T.R.T.), Pediatric Clinical Research Office (K.M.E.), and Department of Preventive Medicine (T.R.T.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee. Received April 14, 2006; accepted April 14, 2006; electronically published May 26, 2006. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006; 27:537-54
Value of rapid screening for acetaminophen in all patients with intentional drug overdose

We performed a prospective study to determine the incidence of missed, potentially toxic acetaminophen poisoning in all patients with any type of intentional drug ingestion presenting to two large, county hospital emergency departments. Of 486 patients with drug ingestion seen during a five-month period, 114 (23.5%) were suspected of having ingested acetaminophen. Of these, 71 (62.3%) had insignificant acetaminophen levels (false-positive history). Of the 365 patients who were not suspected of having acetaminophen ingestion, seven patients (1.9%) were found to have elevated levels on rapid screening (false-negative history). Of these, only one patient had a potentially hepatotoxic level. We conclude that the incidence of missed, potentially serious acetaminophen overdose is very low in our study population.
Tetraplegia is a risk factor for central sleep apnea.

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is highly prevalent in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI); the exact mechanism(s) or the predictors of disease are unknown. We hypothesized that patients with cervical SCI (C-SCI) are more susceptible to central apnea than patients with thoracic SCI (T-SCI) or able-bodied controls. Sixteen patients with chronic SCI, level T6 or above (8 C-SCI, 8 T-SCI; age 42.5 ± 15.5 years; body mass index 25.9 ± 4.9 kg/m2) and 16 matched controls were studied. The hypocapnic apneic threshold and CO2 reserve were determined using noninvasive ventilation. For participants with spontaneous central apnea, CO2 was administered until central apnea was abolished, and CO2 reserve was measured as the difference in end-tidal CO2 (PetCO2) before and after. Steady-state plant gain (PG) was calculated from PetCO2 and VE ratio during stable sleep. Controller gain (CG) was defined as the ratio of change in VE between control and hypopnea or apnea to the ΔPetCO2. Central SDB was more common in C-SCI than T-SCI (63% vs. 13%, respectively; P < 0.05). Mean CO2 reserve for all participants was narrower in C-SCI than in T-SCI or control group (−0.4 ± 2.9 vs.−2.9 ± 3.3 vs. −3.0 ± 1.2 l·min−1·mmHg−1, respectively; P < 0.05). PG was higher in C-SCI than in T-SCI or control groups (10.5 ± 2.4 vs. 5.9 ± 2.4 vs. 6.3 ± 1.6 mmHg·l−1·min−1, respectively; P < 0.05) and CG was not significantly different. The CO2 reserve was an independent predictor of apnea-hypopnea index. In conclusion, C-SCI had higher rates of central SDB, indicating that tetraplegia is a risk factor for central sleep apnea. Sleep-related hypoventilation may play a significant role in the mechanism of SDB in higher SCI levels.
Which comes first, the nation or the state? A multiple scale model applied to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in the Caucasus

The aim of this article is to propose and apply a conceptual model to evaluate how national identity, state interests and territory, including both state territory and national homeland, may be interwoven in a particular conflict. The frozen conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh in the south Caucasus, the selected case study, appears to defy resolution efforts based on an assessment of self-determination of nations or on territorial integrity of the state. The article begins with the view that one-dimensional conceptions of ‘state’ and ‘nation’ are insufficient for understanding complex relations underlying territorial conflict. It is suggested that a more comprehensive understanding may be obtained and applied toward conflict resolution through a consideration of multiple scales and dimensions of activity in a particular conflict. The article focuses not only on the roles of states and nations, but also considers the meanings of territory and, most importantly, contributing factors to a sufficient capacity to c...
Assessing potential Russian irredentism and separatism in Kazakhstan’s northern oblasts

The presence of co-ethnic peoples within a borderland constitutes the core of most cases of irredentism, or the subjective perception that specific international borders fail to appropriately delimit national territory. Russian President Vladimir Putin publically rationalized his recent annexation of Crimea and cross-border interventions in Georgia and Eastern Ukraine through the alleged persecution of Russians in neighboring states (specifically Russkiy Mir). While much attention has been focused on the cases of outright invasion, it is important to evaluate other borderlands as sites of potential Russian actions. Central Asia’s north-central steppe possesses a long history of shifting borders and demographics, which has given rise to varied claims to “rightful ownership.” This paper critically assesses potential irredentism and separatism in Kazakhstan’s northern oblasts.
Molecular Mechanisms Promoting Tumor Metastasis to Lymph Nodes and Beyond

CN04-02 Lymph nodes are often the initial sites of tumor metastasis but how they contribute to tumor spread is not clear. Integrin α4β1 mediated lymphatic vessel growth in lymph nodes promotes metastatic spread to lymph nodes and, subsequently, to distant organs by a unique mechanism. Tumors induce widespread lymph node lymphangiogenesis that precedes tumor metastasis; experimental stimulation of lymph node lymphangiogenesis promotes tumor metastasis to lymph nodes and distant organs. Lymph node lymphangiogenesis depends on lymphatic endothelial cell expression of integrin α4β1 and VEGF-R3, receptors for fibronectin/vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) and VEGF-C, respectively, on proliferating lymphatic endothelial cells. Blockade of either of these receptor-ligand interactions disrupts tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis and prevents local as well as distant metastasis. Tumor cells bind to integrin α4β1 on neolymphatic endothelium in a Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule (VCAM) dependent manner, thereby promoting metastasis. Thus, lymph node lymphangiogenesis promotes tumor metastasis by providing docking sites for metastatic tumor cells within the lymph node, leading to local and distant organ metastases. Blocking integrin α4β1 or its ligand VCAM can prevent tumor cell adhesion to lymphatic endothelium, thereby suppressing metastatic disease.
Why a Government Role is Necessary for Smoothly Functioning Mortgage Markets

Many conservatives want to remove the government's role from the U.S. housing finance system, leaving private markets to meet the mortgage needs of U.S. residential home buyers. Looking at our country’s history and the experience of many other countries starkly illustrate the flaws inherent in this “purely private” approach. As this memo details, a full withdrawal of the federal government from the mortgage markets would lead to radical and catastrophic changes in the U.S. mortgage markets and thus our housing markets, including:• Limited availability of long-term, fixed-rate mortgages• Sharp increases in the cost of mortgages• Large reductions in the availability of mortgage credit• A higher systemic susceptibility to housing bubbles• A lack of mortgage credit during economic downturns
Effects of inunction of alpha-estradiol on testes and thyroids of albino rats.

SummaryDaily inunction for 24 days of 270 rat units of alpha-estradiol (Progynon D-H) to normal and castrated immature male rats produced noticeable changes in the thyroid glands and in the testes of the noncastrated males. The thyroid glands appeared, histologically, in a hypoactive state. They exhibited an increased colloid content and a low follicular epithelium and destruction to the follicles. The hypoactivity appeared greater in castrated rats than in the non-castrated. Descent of the testes in immature males was prevented by the alphaestradiol.
Late Morphologic Consequences of Measles: A Lethal and Debilitating Lung Disease Among the Poor

Pneumonia that occurs within 28 days of the onset of measles rash is a common cause of severe pulmonary morbidity and/or death among poor children. The prevalence of such pneumonia can be related to the effectiveness of measles immunization programs. For 20 of 57 new cases of bronchiectasis in children undergoing bronchography, a strong causal relationship to measles was found. The lungs of 21 unselected children who died in the wake of measles were examined. Severe necrosis of bronchi and bronchioles was found in those children who had developed intercurrent adenovirus and herpesvirus infections. Bacterial suppuration produced a less severe necrosis. It is suggested that intercurrent adenovirus and herpesvirus infections that occur following measles are the most important initiating causes of follicular bronchiectasis in childhood. The severity of these supervening infections may be mediated by the transient immune suppression that occurs as a consequence of both measles and inadequate nutrition.
Vibrotactile threshold and pulse polarity

Vibrotactile thresholds on human glabrous skin were determined for short monopolar pulses and for two directions of skin displacement. Positive and negative going pulses showed no threshold differences. No threshold difference was obtained when movement into the skin was compared to outward movement of the contactor. The threshold appears to be independent of the direction of displacement.
Unsupervised classification of SAR imagery using polarimetric decomposition to preserve scattering characteristics

We propose an unsupervised classification method using polarimetric synthetic aperture radar data to detect anomalies on earthen levees. This process mainly involves two stages: 1. Apply the scattering model-based decomposition developed by Freeman and Durden to divide pixels into three scattering categories: surface scattering, volume scattering, and double-bounce scattering. A class initialization scheme is also performed to initially merge clusters from many small clusters in each scattering category by applying a merge criterion developed based on the Wishart distance measure. 2. The iterative Wishart classifier is applied, which is a maximum likelihood classifier based on the complex Wishart distribution. This method not only uses a statistical classification, but also preserves the purity of dominant polarimetric scattering properties, and is superior to the entropy/anisotropy/Wishart classifier. An automated color rendering scheme is applied, based on the classes' scattering category to code the pixels. The effectiveness of the algorithms is demonstrated using fully quad-polarimetric L-band SAR imagery from the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL's) Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR). The study area is a section of the lower Mississippi River valley in the southern USA, where earthen flood control levees are maintained by the US Army Corps of Engineers.
Abstract A19: Role of NF-κB and gene targets of NF-κB in glioma cell plasticity

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal form of intracranial tumor. In the last century we have accumulated tremendous amounts of data on this type of cancer, but despite extensive study, few therapeutic targets have been identified for GBM. We have established a lentiviral-induced mouse model of malignant gliomas, which faithfully captures the pathophysiology and molecular signatures of human GBM. RNAseq analysis of these tumors revealed high NFκB activation showing enrichment of known NFκB target genes. Depletion of IKK2 in tumor derived cell lines attenuated tumor proliferation and prolonged mouse survival. We have previously shown that gliomas can originate by reprograming/dedifferentiation of terminally differentiated astrocytes and neurons following oncogenic insult. This tumor cell plasticity seems to be impaired when either cortical astrocytes or neurons derived from floxed-IKK2 mice are infected with a lentivirus expressing HRAS-iresCREerT2-shp53. The addition of tamoxifen to the infected cells induces IKK2 depletion and blocks the reprogramming process, manifested by inhibition of tumorspheres formation and retention of differentiation makers. When these cells are transplanted into mice, the control group (vehicle treated) succumbs to the disease, while induction of IKK2 depletion in the tamoxifen treated group (20 days post-transplantation) significantly prolonged the mice survival. Activation of NFκB requires the activity of IκB kinase (IKK) complex containing IKKα and IKKβ, and the regulatory protein NFκB essential modifier (NEMO). We tested a peptide corresponding to the NEMO-binding domain (NBD) of IKKα(IKK1) or IKKβ(IKK2), to specifically inhibit the induction of NFκB activation, and the mice treated with NBDwt peptide showed long-term survival compared to NBDmut control. We propose targeting the NFκB pathway as an attractive therapeutic strategy to treat GBM. Citation Format: Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski, Rajesh Narasimamurthy, Yifeng Xia, Chad Myskiw, Yasushi Soda, Inder M. Verma. Role of NF-κB and gene targets of NF-κB in glioma cell plasticity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Brain Cancer Research; May 27-30, 2015; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(23 Suppl):Abstract nr A19.
Wilms tumors: relationship of nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy to patient survival.

AbstractNuclear deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy studies with paraffin-embedded archival tumor specimens were performed by flow cytometry on extracted nuclei from 56 Wilms tumors. Before the era of chemotherapy 9 patients had a 33 per cent survival rate at 5 years. No significant correlation between deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy pattern and survival was seen in this early group of patients. Since 1960, 47 patients underwent radical nephrectomy and received chemotherapy. Deoxyribonucleic acid histograms in this group were normal in 13 tumors, while 23 tumors exhibited a tetraploid pattern (greater than 10 per cent nuclei in the G2 peak) and 11 showed an aneuploid pattern. Survival rates according to deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy pattern showed that 100 per cent of the patients with a normal or aneuploid histogram pattern were alive at 2 and 5 years. Patients with a deoxyribonucleic acid tetraploid pattern had a significantly worse survival of 74 and 69 per cent at 2 and 5 years (p less than 0.02 and less than 0....
Alison Cullingford . The Special Collections Handbook . London: Facet Publishing, 2011 (distributed in the United States by Neal-Schuman Publishers). xiv, 210p. ISBN 9781856047579. $125.00

This short, easy-to-use handbook was written by Alison Cullingford, the Special Collections Librarian at the University of Bradford in the United Kingdom. It covers the world of special collections from soup to nuts in ten relatively brief chapters, capturing basic points and then pointing the reader to a variety of additional resources for more information. Each chapter ends with a list that includes further reading suggestions, examples and case studies, and useful websites. The focus is on special collections in the United Kingdom, United States, and Australia, though much of the information is universally applicable. This is a particularly useful . . .
Extraction of light filth from oriental sauces containing soy sauce, thickeners, and spices: collaborative study

Results are reported for a collaborative study of a method for the extraction of light filth from oriental sauces containing soy sauce, thickeners, and spices. A 100 g test portion is pretreated in a 2% solution of Tergitol Anionic 4 over a steam bath, and oils are removed by wet-sieving on No. 230 sieve. Filth is isolated from 40% isopropanol by using Na4EDTA and mineral oil. Average recoveries by 9 collaborators for 3 spike levels of rat hairs (5, 10, and 15) were 84, 78, and 79%, respectively; for insect fragments (5, 15, and 30), recoveries were 92, 95, and 96%, respectively. The method was adopted first action by AOAC International.
Pulmonary flow loop.

Pulmonary flow loops display characteristic patterns and give clues to the underlying pathology of airway or parenchymal lung disease.
Seismic Behavior of K-Braced Framing Systems

Three 10-story three-bay structures having K-braced framing systems are designed for seismic loads according to building code requirements. Members are proportioned by standard allowable stress procedures. The frames are subjected to strong ground motion and the inelastic response of the three systems is evaluated and compared. Results show that increased ductility requirements occur in regions adjacent to discontinuities in lateral stiffness. The addition of an outrigger truss at the top of the frame tends to force more of the inelastic deformation into the girders and bracing rather than the columns. The fully braced systems are very effective in controlling lateral displacement.
Elephants and kings: an environmental history, by Thomas R. Trautmann

At some level, it is intuitive to associate elephants and power together, particularly in the context of the history of South Asia, where elephants appear as literary tropes, religious symbols and ...
Coherent spectroscopy in the single molecule limit (Conference Presentation)

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a popular technique for detecting and analyzing molecules at very low concentrations. The sensitivity of SERS is high enough to detect single molecules. It has proven difficult, however, to perform similar measurements in the so-called nonlinear optical regime, a regime in which the molecule is responding to multiple light pulses. Nonetheless, recent experiments indicate that after careful optimization, it is possible to generate signals derived from nonlinear analogs of SERS. Such measurements make it possible to view molecular vibrations in real time, which amounts to the femto- to pico-second range. In this contribution, we discuss in detail under which conditions detectable surface-enhanced coherent Raman signals can be expected, provide experimental evidence of coherent Raman scattering of single molecules, and highlight the unique information that can be attained from such measurements.
Registration of Six Germplasm Lines of Cotton with Resistance to the Root-Knot and Reniform Nematodes

Six upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm lines, M Rk-Rn 1(Reg. No. GP-1015, PI 678938), M Rk-Rn 2 (Reg. No. GP-1016, PI 678939), M Rk-Rn 3 (Reg. No. GP-1017, PI 678940), M Rk-Rn 4 (Reg. No. GP-1018, PI 678941), M Rk-Rn 5 (Reg. No. GP-1019, PI 678942), and M Rk-Rn 6 (Reg. No. GP-1020, PI 78943), with resistance to root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood], and reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford and Oliveria) were jointly released by the USDA-ARS and the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station in 2016. The source of resistance to root-knot nematode was M-240 RNR (PI 592511) and to reniform nematode was M713 Ren1 (PI 665928). The two lines were crossed and plants were selected using markers with subsequent crosses to ‘Sure-Grow 747’ (PI 656375), followed by marker selection. The germplasm lines were selected using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers CIR 316 and BNL 3661 that are linked to root-knot resistance and GH 132, BNL 3279, and BNL 569 that are linked to reniform resistance genes. Egg production of root-knot and reniform nematodes was suppressed significantly from the susceptible check Sure-Grow 747 in growth chamber tests. In addition to resistance to both nematodes, these lines, which also exhibit differences for agronomic and fiber traits such as length, strength, and micronaire, should be valuable to cotton breeding programs. The successful use of these specific SSR markers further validates their use in selection of nematode-resistant plants in segregating generations.
PENANAMAN MODAL ASING MEMBAWA DAMPAK LIBERALISASI TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN NASIONAL

Foreign investment in Indonesia has been going on since Dutch colonial times to the present . Foreign investment will affect the joints - joints economy in our country , among others, the presence of foreign investors the sector - a sector of the economy in our country will grow. With the growing sectors - sectors of the economy in our country , it will bring the impact of liberalization on the national economy . This means that the sector - the economy will grow and flourish . The presence of foreign investors is expected to bring a change in the sector - the sector of the national economy such as funding , technology , and expertise . It is expected that the government can play an active role in utilizing foreign investment to facilitate access into the world of business in Indonesia but without marginalizing local entrepreneurs . Foreign capital inflows ( capital inflows ) play a role in closing the income gap caused by a deficit in the current account . In addition , the influx of foreign capital is also able to drive the economic activity slow due to lack of capital ( investment- saving gap ) for the implementation of economic development . This foreign capital than as a capital transfer can also make a positive contribution through the flow of industrialization and modernization . In the short term , foreign debt greatly assist the Indonesian government in an effort to close the budget deficit of income and expenditure, due to finance routine expenditure and development expenditure is quite large. Thus, the rate of economic growth can be driven in accordance with predetermined targets . Keywords: foreign investment, liberalization, the national economy
Evaluation Instruments and Good Practices in Online Education

Chickering and Gamson’s (1987) Seven Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education offers extensively researched and validated tenets for best practices in higher education. After a review of the literature, twenty-eight evaluation instruments currently used to design and review online courses in higher education institutions were collected and divided into categories, based on geographical reach and the type of institution for which they were developed. This study investigates how evaluation instruments used in higher education assess the Seven Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education, and what other items are addressed in the evaluation of courses. Findings show that national and statewide evaluation instruments were less institute specific and more closely aligned to the principles of good practice, and that evaluation instruments often measure extraneous items (e.g., student services, navigation, resources, or institutional support). Additional findings and conclusions based on the analysis of the instruments are discussed.
Two-dimensional metal NaCu6.3Sb3 and solid-state transformations of sodium copper antimonides

A novel layered compound, NaCu6.3Sb3, has been successfully synthesized from elements. This unique structure crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P63/mmc and has lattice constants of a = 4.2166(2) A and c = 24.041(1) A. The structure consists of complex Cu/Sb 2D blocks separated by Na ions. These blocks contain graphene-like hexagonal layers of either Cu or CuSb. The solid-state transformations in the Na-Cu-Sb system between Cu2Sb-NaCu6.3Sb3-NaCu4Sb2 were explored using annealing at different partial vapor pressures of Na, differential scanning calorimetry, and in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction. Full reversibility of the transformation was observed, indicating that the bulk 3D Cu2Sb phase is capable of reversible intercalation of Na ions, forming layered intercalated phases similar to intercalated graphite. The characterization of the transport properties shows that the metallic nature of the electrical conductivity is preserved, even for the Na-rich phase of NaCu4Sb2. Electronic structure calculations support metallic properties in the Cu-Sb layers and predict that no bands cross the Fermi level across the layers, supporting NaCu6.3Sb3 as a two-dimensional metal.
Dividing Attention Increases Operational Momentum

When adding or subtracting two quantities, adults often compute an estimated outcome that is larger or smaller, respectively, than the actual outcome, a bias referred to as “operational momentum”. The effects of attention on operational momentum were investigated. Participants viewed a display in which two arrays of objects were added, or one array was subtracted from another array, and judged whether a subsequent outcome (probe) array contained the correct or incorrect number of objects. In a baseline condition, only the arrays to be added or subtracted were viewed. In divided attention conditions, participants simultaneously viewed a sequence of colors or shapes, and judged which color (a non-spatial judgment) or shape (a spatial judgment) was repeated. Operational momentum occurred in all conditions, but was higher in divided attention conditions than in the baseline condition, primarily for addition problems. This pattern suggests that dividing attention, rather than decreasing operational momentum by decreasing attentional shifts, actually increased operational momentum. These results are consistent with a heightened use of arithmetic heuristics under conditions of divided attention.
International Approaches to Tobacco Use Cessation Programming and Prevention Interventions among Indigenous Adolescents and Young Adults

This article reviews evidence-based smoking cessation and prevention programs for Indigenous youth and young adults in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the USA. A systematic review using PubMed and PsycINFO search engines was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies focusing on Indigenous youth and young adults. Beyond two Cochrane reviews (2012) of smoking cessation and prevention programs for Indigenous youth and young adults, we located only two additional studies post Cochrane review. Combined results from the articles in the Cochrane reviews and the more recent studies suggest that recruitment of young Indigenous populations is challenging. Only one study with the smoking cessation program using mobile phone text messaging among the Maori was shown effective. Additional evidence-based programs are essential for Indigenous youth and young adults to reduce smoking initiation and prevalence rates. Further evaluations of commercial tobacco use prevention and cessation programs are needed to bridge the gap between tobacco-related health disparities in Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. Additionally, qualitative research is encouraged to further understand the barriers to recruitment.
Usefulness of High-Dose Oral Flecainide for Termination of Recent-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Children

A high dose of oral flecainide has been used for acute termination of atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter or intra-atrial re-entry tachycardia (AFL-IART) in adults. The use of flecainide for these conditions in children has not been well described. We describe our institutional experience on acute termination of AF or AFL-IART in children with a single high dose of oral flecainide in a hospital setting. All patients who received a single high dose of oral flecainide from 2009 to 2016 who were 70 kg, 200 mg for patients 40 to 70 kg, and 5 mg/kg for patients 2 (range 90 to 171). AF in all patients (13/13, 100%) and AFL-IART in 5 of 9 patients (55%) terminated acutely (p
Biochemical Contributions to Neurotoxicology

When a closed system, such as a flask, containing a nutrient-rich broth, is inoculated with a few bacteria, a period of rapid cell division takes place. As nutrients are consumed and waste products accumulate, the rate of proliferation slows down and eventually ceases. Ultimately, the total bacterial population within the flask declines. The earth is also a closed system. In this case a rapid human population growth phase started with the onset of the industrial revolution around two hundred years ago. This exponential growth phase has reached the point where the depletion of natural resources and increasing production of toxic waste products is significantly altering a series of global characteristics. These include irreversible ecological damage and the prospect of significant climatic changes.
Continuous Computation and the Emergence of the Discrete

This paper argues that the foundation of expertise and skillful behavior is knowledge represented as a structured continuum as opposed to a discrete structure. The reason is that continuous knowledge representation permits more flexible behavior and avoids failures due to brittleness. As a consequence it is crucial that we understand the principles of continuous representation so that they can be applied in artificial intelligence and neuroscience. To this end I have compared and contrasted continuous (``analog'') and discrete (``digital'') computation, and have suggested a theoretical framework (simulacra) for continuous representations. This theoretical framework was used to characterize several kinds of invariance that occur in natural and artificial systems, including as special cases such psychologically significant invariances as symmetry groups and other algebraic invariances involved in object perception. Several ways of quantifying degree of invariance are noted since quantification is a necessary prerequisite to understanding the emergence of algebraic structure in perceptual and cognitive processes. The paper reviews several simple mechanisms, based on correlational learning, that lead to the emergence of invariances. Finally, it describes metric correlation, a generalization of the familiar correlation and convolution operations, which accomplishes transform invariant pattern recognition.
How We Observe CMEs

We observe coronal mass ejections using coronagraphs that block out the photosphere to reveal the faint corona. They detect the light that has been Thomson scattered off the free electrons in the CME plasma. Consequently we may obtain information about the CME using our knowledge of Thomson scattering physics. This chapter reviews the theory of Thomson scattering, how CMEs are observed with coronagraphs and heliospheric imagers, and how we may extract information about them.
The Conception and Embarrassing Birth of an Eponym

Many years ago I received a courteous and deferential letter from a British pediatric neurologist who explained that there had been controversy in his hospital regarding interpretation of a test of motor coordination in infants called the Landau reflex, and would I settle the question? Although I was tempted to assume the role of authoritarian Herr Professor, I responded demurely that I must plead innocent because this reflex was invented and reported by a Berlin pediatrician the year before I was born. I have been embarrassed by that eponym ever since.