cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Apparent-time evolution of /l/ in one African American community

In the wake of numerous analyses of vowels in African American English (AAE), this study examines acoustically the phonetic production of a consonant—the word-initial lateral /l/—across several generations of speakers from a long-standing African American community in central North Carolina. The results of the study show that /l/ is darker in younger AAE speakers than in older ones, independent of phonetic context. Comparisons with ex-slave recordings suggest that a light variant of /l/ may be a substrate feature of AAE that has changed in recent decades. Additional comparisons with regional European Americans suggest that the darkening may be due to convergence with majority American English dialects.
Type III solar radio burst storms observed at low frequencies. I - Storm morphology

Type 3 solar radio bursts observed at low frequencies for half rotation, discussing occurrence, drift rates, propagation time and emission
Evaluation of the effect of d-amphetamine sulfate in the treatment of obesity in children.

Summary In a group of 167 inselected cases of obese children, besides food restrictions, every other child was given d-amphetamine sulfate, 2.5 mg three times daily and the others placebo tablets of the same appearance and with the same method of dosage. The weight loss was greater (statistically significant) in the d-amphetamine group than in the control group. D-amphetamine sulfate is a potent aid in the treatment of obesity also in children, as it is known to be in adults. Resume Chez un groupe non-selectionne de 167 enfants obeses, on a, en plus des restrictions alimentaires, donnea un enfant sur deux du sulfate d'amphetamine-d, a raison de 2.5 mg trois fois par jour, et aux autres des comprimes factices de la meme apparance et suivant la meme methode de dosage. La deperdition de poids a ete plus grande (statistiquement significative) chez le groupe traitea l'amphetamine-d que chez le groupe de controle. Le sulfate d'amphetamine-d est un auxiliaire puissant dans le traitement de l'obesiteegalement chez les enfants, comme on sait qu'il l'est chez les adultes. Zusammenfassung In einer Gruppe von 167 nicht ausgewahlten Fallen von Fefrtsucht bei Kindern erhielt jedes zweite Kind neben Kosteinschrankung 2,5 mg d-Amphetaminsulphate drei mal taglich und ubrigen Blindtabletten mit gleichem Aussehen und mit derselben Dosierung. Die Kinder der Amphetamingruppe zeigten einen statistisch feststellbaren grosseren Gewichtsverlust als die der Kontrollgruppe. D-Amphetaminsulphate, das bekanntlich bei Erwachsenen ein wirksames Mittel ist, ist also auch bei Kindern wirksam. Resumen En un grupo no seleccionado de 167 ninos obesos, se ha dado, ademas de restricciones alimenticias, a cada nino de dos sulfato de anfetamina-d, a razon de 2,5 mgs. tres veces al dia, y a los otros comprimidos facticios de la misma apariencia y siguiendo el mismo metodo de dosis. La disminucion de peso ha sido mayor (estaticamente significativa) en el grupo tratado con anfetamina-d que en el grupo de control. El sulfato de anfetamina-d es un poderoso auxiliar para el tratamiento de la obesidad igualmente en los ninos que, como ya se sabe, en el caso de los adultos.
Salvador García Jiménez, ‘autor de minorías’: la novela Angelicomio (1981) y el modelo social de la discapacidad

This essay approaches an almost unknown and unusual novel by the Murcian writer Salvador Garcia Jimenez by way of the theoretical paradigm of Disability Studies. Taking into account the definition of the ‘social model’ of disability signalled by various critics (both in the United States and in Spain), the novel Angelicomio launches a critique of the insufficent institutional and state support available for populations of adolescents with disabilities. Published in 1981, the novel marks a turning point in the developing awareness of this educational and formative issue, given that 1982 saw the passage of a ‘Law on the Social Integration of the Disabled’ (LISMI).
An implicit thermomechanical theory based on a Gibbs potential formulation for describing the response of thermoviscoelastic solids

Abstract The aim of this paper is to develop an implicit constitutive for the thermoviscoelastic behavior of polymers, based on a thermomechanical framework. The core idea is to assume that the response of the material can be modeled as that of multiple superposed networks whose stresses are additive. The thermomechanical response is then developed based on the Gibbs potential of the networks (which is assumed to be a function of the individual network stresses and the temperature) and a rate of dissipation function. The approach results in a set of implicit rate equations for the stresses (without the need for explicitly postulating viscoelastic or inelastic strain as a primitive variable) that is easily amenable to analysis. We demonstrate how certain “internal clock” models as well as anisotropic integral type models can be derived within the context of such an approach. We compare the predictions of the model with the published experimental results concerning the thermoviscoelastic response of FM 13 Adhesive and demonstrate both the simplicity of the approach as well as the efficacy of the model in predicting the complex behavior of such adhesives.
Standardization of oyster soft tissue dry weight measurements

Abstract Four methods for drying oyster soft tissues were compared: oven-drying at 105, 100 and 80°C and freeze-drying. Weights were recorded every 12 h for 5 days, and after sample treatments were switched, every 24 h for another 3 days. The time required for all the oysters in a treatment to reach constant weight was 36, 36 and 60 h for 105, 100, 80°C over-dried treatments and 120 h for the freeze-dried treatment. Within a treatment, the time required to reach constant weight was not weight-related. The average ratio of wet to 5-day dry weight ranged from 9.07 to 9.47 for oven-drying but was only 7.35 for freeze-drying. After 3 additional days at 105°C, the 105, 100, 80°C oven-dried and freeze-dried groups lost an additional
Explosive tail reconnection: The growth and expansion phases of magnetospheric substorms

In the current 'conceptual' model of magnetospheric substorms, the growth phase terminates and the expansion phase commences with the onset of rapid reconnection at a new, near-earth X-type neutral line. Physical concepts developed in the analysis of the collisionless tearing mode and the flow of collisionless plasma in weakly magnetized, thin current sheets are combined to construct a model of purely collisionless, time-dependent, ion-dominated reconnection. Formulated in the context of time-dependent magnetospheric convection, the model describes the reconnection collapse of the initially thick plasma sheet. In the nonlinear phase the reconnection rate grows explosively in time and saturates into a steady collisionless reconnection flow when the initial magnetic flux in the current sheet has reconnected; at saturation the reconnection rate is comparable to the maximum Petschek rate. The time scale and dynamics of the explosive reconnection model are broadly consistent with observations of substorm growth phase and expansion phase onset. For typical plasma sheet parameters the explosive reconnection electromotive force across the tail approaches 1 MV at saturation.
TrapEase vena cava filter: Experience in 751 patients

Purpose:To evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of the TrapEase vena cava filter in a 4-year single-center experience.Methods:The clinical and imaging data of 751 patients (384 men; mean age 6...
Higher risk of AIDS or death in patients with lower CD4 cell counts after virally suppressive HAART

Background The clinical implications of a failure to achieve high CD4 cell counts while receiving virally suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are uncertain. Methods We analysed data from HIV-infected men participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) to elucidate associations between CD4 cell counts achieved during virally suppressive HAART and risks of AIDS or death. Inclusion criteria were: CD4 cell count <200 cells/μL before HAART initiation; ≥2 viral load (VL) determinations after HAART initiation; and sustained viral suppression, defined as all VL <50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL, but allowing a single VL of 50–1000 copies/mL. Results One hundred and twenty-one men were included; median age was 42 years. After first VL 350 cells/μL was 10.7 (P=0.013), and at CD4 cell count of 201–350 vs. >350 cells/μL was 8.54 (P=0.014). Conclusion In this cohort, lower CD4 cell count at the time of viral suppression was associated with increased risk of AIDS or death.
Administration of rescue surfactant by laryngeal mask airway: lessons from a pilot trial.

Objectives To determine if surfactant can be effectively administered to larger preterm babies by laryngeal mask airway (LMA), reducing the need for supplemental oxygen. Study Design Enrollment criteria: birth weight > 1200 g, io 2) requirement between 0.30 and 0.60. Subjects were randomized either to receive 3 mL/kg calfactant by LMA (experimental) followed by LMA removal back to CPAP, or continued on nCPAP (control). After intervention, both groups remained on nCPAP with F io 2 adjusted to maintain O2 saturations at 88 to 95%. Results A total of 26 patients (13 per group) were randomized, and 24 completed the study (11 experimental, 13 control). Groups were similar with respect to gender, mode of delivery, estimated gestational age, birth weight, and oxygen and pressure requirements at enrollment. Infants enrolled in the treatment group had an abrupt and sustained decrease in oxygen requirement after LMA surfactant therapy. Conclusion This pilot study demonstrates that surfactant can be delivered by LMA, which leads to a significant decrease in supplemental oxygen requirement. Larger controlled trials in low-resource settings may show this technique to be valuable in clinical situations where direct laryngoscopy and intubation are difficult or where resources for mechanical ventilation are limited.
Rat strain differences in pilocarpine-induced mouse killing

Repeated injections of pilocarpine induced mouse killing in both Holtzman and Long-Evans strain rats. Higher drug doses (15–30 mg/kg), however, were required to initiate killing in the Long-Evans animals, but this strain showed rapid onset of killing and continued to kill when given vehicle alone. Repeated injections of arecoline failed to initiate killing.
The Relationship between Second Language Acquisition Theory and Computer-Assisted Language Learning.

The point of departure for this article is the contrast between the theoretical landscape within view of language teaching professionals in 1991 and that of today. I argue that the pragmatic goal of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) developers and researchers to create and evaluate learning opportunities pushes them to consider a variety of theoretical approaches to second language acquisition (SLA), which have developed, in part, in response to the need to theorize the role of instruction in SLA. To illustrate connections between SLA and CALL, I touch on multiple theoretical perspectives grouped into four general approaches: cognitive linguistic (Universal Grammar, autonomous induction theory, and the concept-oriented approach); psycholinguistic (processibility theory, input processing theory, interactionist theory); human learning (associative–cognitive CREED, skill acquisition theory); and language in social context (sociocultural, language socialization, conversation analysis, systemic–functional, complexity theory). I suggest that such theoretical approaches can be useful in the development and evaluation of CALL materials and tasks. Finally, I propose that the expanding use of technology changes the nature of communicative competence theory, challenges SLA theory, and increases the number of consumers for SLA research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Future issues of computer-mediated communication: The results of a delphi study

Although applications of computer-mediated communications (CMC) continue to evolve, most colleges and universities have no plan to prepare for future development. In order to develop such a plan, a vision of the future of CMC needs to be formed. This study attempted to create such a vision by predicting which CMC applications will become prevalent, the resources required to support these applications, and the major obstacles that will need to be overcome. To address these issues, faculty around the world who extensively use CMC in instruction participated in an electronic Delphi study. Findings indicated that future CMC applications will be those that support common classroom activities such as sending and receiving assignments and distributing electronic handouts. Network access, new teaching skills, and additional time to integrate CMC into the classroom were identified as the resources required to support these applications. Faculty resistance to CMC was identified as the major obstacle.
The utilization of flyash

Abstract An informal overview is provided of the present status of the utilization of flyash, with special reference to the situation in the U.S. Approximately 48 million tons per year are produced, of which approximately 8 million tons are utilized, almost half by utilities themselves. Of the 4.5 million tons sold for external utilization, approximately 60% is used in concrete-related uses, mostly as a mineral admixture. A brief summary of typical properties of low-calcium and high-calcium flyashes is provided, with special reference to differences in potential utilization.
Acceptability of a combination testosterone gel and depomedroxyprogesterone acetate male contraceptive regimen.

Abstract Background Testosterone (T) gel, administered transdermally in combination with injections of depomedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) every 3 months, results in effective suppression of spermatogenesis in 90% of men. Men's attitudes regarding the daily self-administration of T-gel and the impact of such a regimen on sexual function, however, are unknown. Therefore, we questioned subjects enrolled in a combination T-gel plus DMPA male contraceptive trial regarding the acceptability of T-gel for male contraception and the impact of the T-gel/DMPA regimen on sexual function and satisfaction during treatment. Study Design Thirty-eight healthy men, ages 18–55, were treated with T-gel (100 mg daily) + DMPA (300 mg every 3 months) for 24 weeks. Sexual function was assessed using a validated questionnaire at baseline, after 12 and 24 weeks of treatment and 12 weeks into recovery. The overall acceptability of the method and attitudes regarding the daily self-administration of T-gel were assessed by a questionnaire 12 weeks into recovery. Results Fifty percent of subjects were either satisfied or very satisfied with the T-gel-based contraceptive regimen, and 45% indicated they would use the regimen if it were commercially available. The T-gel was found to be easy to use by 76% of men, but a third of subjects felt that T-gel administration interfered with their daily routine. Sexual function was largely preserved during treatment; however, slight decreases in sexual function were noted during recovery. Conclusions The experimental male hormonal contraceptive regimen of T-gel + DMPA is acceptable to approximately one half of study volunteers, most of whom would use the method if it were commercially available. Given its appeal to a significant proportion of men, additional studies using T-gel and DMPA for male contraception are warranted.
Catalase Effects on Glucose-Sensitive Hydrogels

Glucose-sensitive hydrogels (GSHs) responsive to both pH value and glucose concentration have been prepared by polymerizing solutions containing hydroxypropyl methacrylate, (N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate, and tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate in the mole ratio 70:30:2. Various concentrations of both glucose oxidase (GOx) and catalase were physically immobilized in the hydrogel matrix. The presence of GOx makes the hydrogels glucose-responsive, and catalase was added in order to explore its effects on swelling kinetics. In response to pH changes, hydrogels containing varying amounts of catalase show identical swelling kinetics and identical equilibrium degrees of swelling. However, in response to increases in glucose concentration, the rate of GSH swelling is dramatically increased by the presence of catalase when GOx activity is limited by the amount of oxygen available. In addition, catalase improves the enzymatic stability of the GOx by converting hydrogen peroxide to water.
Hydrogenase/ferredoxin charge-transfer complexes: effect of hydrogenase mutations on the complex association.

The [FeFe]-hydrogenases in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii utilize photogenerated electrons to reduce protons into hydrogen gas. The electrons are supplied from photosystem I and transferred to the [FeFe]-hydrogenase through specific hydrogenase−ferredoxin association. To understand how structural and kinetic factors control the association better, we used Brownian dynamics simulation methods to simulate the charge-transfer complex formation between both native and in silico mutants of the [FeFe]-hydrogenase HYDA2 and the [2Fe2S]-ferredoxin FDX1 from C. reinhardtii. The changes in binding free energy between different HYDA2 mutants and the native FDX1 were calculated by the free-energy perturbation method. Within the limits of our current models, we found that two HYDA2 mutations, T99KH and D102KH, led to lower binding free energies and higher association rate with FDX1 and are thus promising targets for improving hydrogen production rates in engineered organisms.
A statistical approach to measuring alignment of genetic sequences and determining critical mutations in a viral gene sequence: VAST 2010 Mini challenge 3 award: Innovative visualization

This summarizes the approach used by the author to gain insights from the genetic sequence data of a virus outbreak. The objective is to create visualizations that help discover the origin of the outbreak and identify mutations that worsen disease characteristics. The author employs simple statistical methods to achieve the same. This exercise was done for the VAST 2010 Mini-challenge 3.
Kinetics of folding of αα‐tropomyosin subsequences

The kinetics of folding random coils of alpha alpha-tropomyson (Tm) subsequences to two-chain coiled coils was studied by stopped-flow CD. Subsequences studied were those comprising residues 11-127 (11Tm127), 142-281 (142Tm281), 1-189 (1Tm189), and 190-284 (190Tm284) of the parent 284-residue alpha-tropomyosin chain. Unlike the parent, subsequences 1Tm189 and 11Tm127 fold within the dead time of the instrument (less than 0.04 s). Like the parent, subsequences 142Tm281 and 190Tm284 fold in two phases. In the fast phase, 45% and 32%, respectively, of the equilibrium helical content form. In the time-resolvable, first-order slow phase (k-1 = 2.7 s at 20 degrees C for 142Tm281 and k-1 = 2.0 s at 15 degrees C for 190Tm284), the remaining structure forms. Neither reduced 142Tm281 nor 190Tm284 show any dependence of the rate on concentration, so chain association occurs in the fast phase. Like the parent 142Tm281 forms more helical content in the fast phase when cross-linked at C-190, and the remaining structure forms slowly with rate parameters similar to those of the reduced species. Comparison of the folding behavior of C- and N-terminal subsequences with that of the parent protein suggests that the slow phase in the parent is caused by a folding bottleneck somewhere nearer the C-terminus. However, rapid association and partial folding near the N-terminus is not necessary for prompt folding, since even 190Tm284 chains associate and partially fold very rapidly (less than 0.04 s), and then complete the folding in seconds.
Iatrogenic trigeminal sensorimotor neuropathy resulting from local anesthesia: A case report

Trigeminal neuropathy resulting from local anesthetic injection has not been reported in the literature. We present a 49-year-old man with 8 months of unilateral facial sensorimotor deficits in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve, following a local anesthetic injection. His medical history was significant for resection of an ipsilateral tongue carcinoma 4 years earlier with only postsurgical dysarthria and no other neurologic deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head and face showed postsurgical changes and ipsilateral atrophic muscles of mastication without evidence of infection or tumor recurrence. Electrodiagnostic evaluation revealed prolonged ipsilateral R1, ipsilateral and contralateral R2 responses of the blink reflex, and neurogenic electromyographic changes in ipsilateral masseter and temporalis muscles, consistent with ipsilateral trigeminal nerve injury. Although trigeminal neuropathies from various etiologies have been reported, this unique case offers another etiology to consider: iatrogenic trigeminal neuropathy secondary to local anesthetic injection.
Glycerol Metabolism of the Brown Rot Mould Poria vaillantii

THE characterization of the chemically unchanged lignin of woody tissues requires the removal of the cellulose with which it is associated. The successful utilization of wood-destroying organisms for the isolation of large amounts of enzymically liberated lignin1 and for the elucidation of the mechanism of the biogenesis of lignin building stones2–5 prompted an attempt at the isolation of a cellulolytic enzyme from the wood-destroying mould Poria vaillantii 5. During studies of the cultivation of the mould, an attempt was made to use a medium containing glycerol instead of glucose as the sole carbon source, since glucose interferes in the assay of the cellulolytic enzyme which is obtained from the filtrates.
Transmission of Yellow Fever Virus by Culex fatigans Wiedemann.

Attempts to transmit yellow fever virus to human volunteers by the bites of Culex fatigans Wiedemann ( C. quinquefasciatus Say) were made by the American Yellow Fever Commission (1) in Cuba and by the French Commission (2) in Rio de Janeiro, without success.
FPGA-based latency-insensitive OFDM pipeline for wireless research

This paper develops a programmable hardware implementation of the physical layer for cognitive wireless communication systems that use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) schemes. Data-flows within hardware implemented baseband architectures for all communication standards are quite regular in nature, thereby enabling the construction of fast, synchronized and optimized baseband systems on FPGAs. We designed an OFDM pipeline comprising codec, modulation, interleaving, piloting, channel estimation, and IFFT stages in which each stage can be configured at design time or at run time to accommodate different communication standards as well as different configuration settings for a single standard—a key feature necessary for dynamic spectrum sensing and utilization. This flexibility in hardware is achieved by designing each individual stage with room for scaling/modification and having the overall pipeline be insensitive to the latencies incurred by individual pipeline stages. This is done by using stallable stages with centralized control through cross communication between modules both directly and indirectly using code running on the MicroBlaze processor. The OFDM pipeline is implemented on a Xilinx Virtex-6 FPGA and its performance is characterized in terms of functional correctness and FPGA implementation area cost. Experimental results and preliminary simulations of our FPGA based design can run at flexible coding rates of 1/2 and 3/4 with modulation schemes of 4QAM and 16QAM respectively.
Characteristics of Early Readers

33 early (before kindergarten) reading children and 33 matched control children were given a battery of tests and their parents were interviewed about 47 items dealing with demography, parenting practices, and child characteristics. Results showed that early readers were superior to controls on measures of conservation, on two measures from the Illinois Test of Psycho-linguistics, and on one measure of creativity. Parental interview data suggested that parents' achievement orientation and the environment of the home were more important than the child's interest as motivation for early reading. It was concluded that the presence of operativity in children, combined with high achievement motivation on the part of their parents, facilitates the attainment of reading skills at an early age.
Schottky diodes of poly(3-undecylthiophene) containing fullerene C60

Abstract The conducting polymer poly(3-undecylthiophene) (PUT) was doped with fullerene C60. The effects of doping on the current-voltage characteristics of aluminum Schottky contacts in the dark and under 488 nm laser illumination were investigated. C60 doping produced near ideal Schottky behavior, changed the optical absorption and introduced an acceptor level.
Single crystal structure studies of C16AsF5

Abstract X-ray diffraction studies at 23 °C have been made for the second stage AsF 5 intercalated graphite of nominal composition C 16 AsF 5 . Single crystals of graphite, obtained by dissolving a marble matrix, were intercalated to stage 2 by exposure to AsF 5 vapor at a pressure of ∼ 170 mm. The diffraction pattern consists of Bragg peaks corresponding to a hexagonal unit cell with a = 2.46 A (as in graphite) and c = 11.50 A and a relatively uniform high background of diffuse scattering. The mosaic spread of Bragg peaks is essentially the same as in the single crystal of graphite before intercalation. Integrated intensities ( θ − 20 θ scans) were measured for the Bragg peaks with monochromated Mo Kα radiation (0.710 A) on a single crystal diffractometer. The intercalant molecules are disordered in the intercalant layer with the consequence that except for 00 l reflections the intensities of Bragg reflections are quantitatively accounted for by the arrangement of the graphite layers. An investigation into the nature of the intercalating species, and their location, has been made by least squares fitting of calculated to observed intensities for 19 00 l reflections. Similar studies on an HOPG sample are also reported. The presence of both AsF 5 and AsF 6 − seems to be needed for a satisfactory fit, the amount of AsF 3 being indeterminate. The arrangement of graphite layers is in the same AB sequence as in ordinary graphite, although twinning is present. The CC bond distance, the interlayer spacing, and the carbon thermal parameters are essentially the same as for pure graphite.
Celiomesenteric and hepatosplenomesenteric trunks: characterization of two rare vascular anomalies with CT

The purpose of this retrospective investigation is to characterize and illustrate the appearances of celiomesenteric trunk (CMT) and hepatosplenomesenteric trunk (HSMT) using CT with three-dimensional volume-rendering with attention to the proximal branching patterns. We also correlate our results with an embryologic model and assess the accuracy of radiologists in recognizing these entities. CT studies on 36 adult subjects with CMT and 10 with HSMT were analyzed to determine the proximal branching patterns and lengths of the common vascular trunks. The official reports in appropriately selected cases were reviewed to ascertain if the interpreting radiologists recognized the anomalies. Two types of CMT were found. In 29 of 36 cases (81%), the CMT bifurcated into the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery (Type A CMT), while in 7 cases the left gastric artery (LGA) arose from the CMT proximal to the hepatosplenic trunk and superior mesenteric artery (Type B CMT). Type A trunks (mean length = 10.4 mm) were significantly shorter (p = 0.007) than Type B trunks (mean length = 17.8 mm). Short common trunks (less than 1.0 cm) were only seen with Type A CMT. Branching patterns in all 10 cases of HSMT were identical with no short common trunks. The CMT was not mentioned in the radiology reports in 88% of the cases assessed. The location of the LGA origin distinguishes the two variants of CMT and differentiates CMT from HSMT. These anomalies are easily overlooked during evaluation of routine clinical cases.
Molecular Orientation in Model Asphalts Using Molecular Simulation

Molecular simulations were used to analyze orientations of molecules within model asphalt mixtures. After choosing typical compounds to represent resin, maltene, and asphaltene components, molecula...
Leakage fingerprints during storage: Modeling above-zone measurements of pressure and temperature

Abstract Since non-negligible leakage rates from injection and storage zones are possible along wellbores, it is important to be able to diagnose whether leakage is occurring. We show that concurrent pressure and temperature measurements are especially valuable because they independently constrain the effective permeability of a leakage path along wellbore. We describe a set of coupled analytical models for identifying the characteristic features of wellbore leakage in above-zone monitoring data. Application to data from an observation well (EGL7) during two years of steady CO 2 injection in Cranfield (Mississippi, USA) shows that the observed pressure elevation requires an extremely large leakage rate, and that this rate would be large enough to raise the temperature in the monitoring zone significantly. Because the latter temperature “fingerprint” is not observed, we conclude that the observation well is unlikely to be leaking.
Generations of youth : youth cultures and history in twentieth-century America

America has long been fascinated by youth and its cultural expressions. The notion of "youth" has played a central role in processes of social reproduction and historical change throughout the twentieth century. But when we turn a critical eye to youth culture, we too often focus on youth as a passive and unchanging concept. In Generations of Youth, Joe Austin and Michael Willard have brought together leading cultural critics from history, sociology, and cultural studies to explore the cultural expressions of twentieth- century youth. The contributors to the volume explore diverse popular culture practices such as Chicano rock-and-roll dancing; the Boy Scouts and heroism; 'zines and community; Native American boxing; African American hip-hop; fan clubs and femininity; Malcolm X's zoot suit; Filipino Mcintosh suits; lesbian, bisexual, and gay Internet culture; Chicano lowriding; skateboarding and the production of urban space; graffiti and spatial mobility; Native American pow wows; and post-punk, Generation X, and downward mobility. Generations of Youth considers the ways in which young people's autonomy and "youth" itself is produced in negotiation with adult authority and institutions of socialization. The definitive volume on American youth cultures past and present, Generations of Youth traces the central ways in which historical meanings and experiences of youth intersect with other axes of the U.S. social hierarchy. We learn how race, ethnicity, sexuality, gender, class, and space intersect to affect our notions of youth and youth's notions of itself. Essays focus on the ways in which young people have appropriated and created cultural forms, practices, and social ideologies that are connected to changes in consumer and labor markets, to economies of prestige, and to received social hierarchies and traditions. Contributors to the volume include Victoria Getis, Jay Mechling, Mary Odem, John Bloom, Georganne Scheiner, Paula Fass, Linda N. Espana-Maram, Robin D. G. Kelley, Matt Garcia, James T. Sears, Beth Bailey, Ernesto Chavez, Jeffrey Rangel, Ryan Moore, Kyra Gaunt, Robert Walser, William Wei, Susan Willis, David Roediger, Joanne Addison and Michelle Comstock, Rachel Buff, George Lipsitz, Brenda Bright, Stanley Aronowitz, and Steve Duncombe.
Acute Mental Status Changes and Hyperchloremic Metabolic Acidosis with Long-Term Topiramate Therapy

Mental status changes and metabolic acidosis may occur with topiramate therapy. These adverse events were reported during dosage titration and with high dosages of the drug. A 20-year-old man receiving topiramate, valproic acid, and phenytoin experienced acute-onset mental status changes with hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. He had been receiving a modest dose of topiramate for 9 months. He was weaned off topiramate over 5 days, and his mental status returned to baseline within 48 hours of discontinuing the agent. This case illustrates the need for close evaluation of patients who experience acute-onset mental status changes during topiramate therapy.
Synthesis and properties of 35S, 14C and 3H labeled S-alkyl glycerol ethers and derivatives.

Abstract Radioactive S-alkyl glycerol ethers have been synthesized with 35S, 14C and 3H labels as well as 3H/35S double labels. The synthesized compounds were converted to various derivatives which can serve to characterize the S-alkyl glycerol ethers. These included the isoprop Chemical analysis, IR, NMR, zonal TLC profile scans and GLC showed all the products to be > 99% pure. The GLC behaviour of the aldehyde and acetate derivatives of both S-alkyl glycerol ethers and O-alkyl glycerol ethers on EGSS-X was compared.
Sampled-data control system transient analysis

IN MOST PRACTICAL situations involving sampled-data control systems, the designer has found it expedient to resort to analogue computer studies in order to determine how the transient response depends upon such factors as the sampling frequency or the velocity constant of the proposed system. The purpose of this article is to furnish a set of dimensionless curves, based upon computer studies, which are of a sufficiently generalized nature to permit approximate design criteria to be established for a wide variety of system transfer functions.
Potential for Using Sunn Hemp as a Source of Biomass and Nitrogen for the Piedmont and Coastal Plain Regions of the Southeastern USA

The tropical legume sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) could be a valuable green manure/cover crop for vegetable producers in the southeastern USA because of its rapid growth and large N 2 fixing ability. Planting and termination date effects on biomass and N accumulation are relatively unknown for the region, but would help producers manage sunn hemp between summer and winter cash crops. We determined sunn hemp biomass and N content at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after planting (DAP) for four planting dates (mid-April to mid-July) at a Piedmont and a Coastal Plain location in Georgia. Maximum biomass at a given DAP was produced from May and June plantings in the Piedmont and from April and May plantings in the Coastal Plains. Maximum biomass and N ranged from 8.9 to 13.0 Mg ha -1 and 135 to 285 kg ha -1 , respectively. An equation for estimating sunn hemp biomass as a linear function of cumulative degree days (CDD) and cumulative solar radiation (CSR) was verified with independent data from Alabama, Florida, and Virginia. A similar equation for estimating N content as a quadratic function of CSR was not as accurate but still might be useful. Sunn hemp can fit well into short-rotation sustainable vegetable production systems in the Southeast, and these equations can be used by producers to make reliable estimates of sunn hemp biomass production.
The behavior of conjugate gradient algorithms on a multivector processor with a hierarchical memory

Abstract In this paper, an analysis of some of the tradeoffs involved in the design and efficient implementation of conjugate gradient-based algorithms for a multivector processor with a two-level memory hierarchy is presented and supplemented by experimental results obtained on an Alliant FX/8. The algorithms considered consist of the classical conjugate gradient method, preconditioning techniques that are well suited for parallel computers such as polynomial preconditioners and several versions of the incomplete Cholesky preconditioners as well as the reduced system approach. For linear systems arising from the 5-point finite difference discretization of 2-d self-adjoint elliptic P.D.E.'s, the analysis shows that conjugate gradient methods do not perform as well as algorithms for dense matrix computations on the considered architecture due to lack of data locality. By using the reduced system approach, however, a significant decrease in time could be obtained.
A roadmap to inpatient heart failure management

Heart failure (HF) accounts for over 1 million primary hospitalizations in the USA each year and carries a tremendous burden on costs and patient outcomes. The clinical syndrome of HF is not a single disease, but represents the complex interplay between various cardiac and non-cardiac processes, each of which need to be individually addressed. This review provides an updated, contemporary roadmap for inpatient worsening chronic HF management with a focus on identifying and addressing initiating mechanisms, amplifying factors, and cardiac structural abnormalities. Inpatient risk stratification should guide patient education, team structuring, disposition, and post-discharge monitoring.
Probability Distribution of Modal Amplitudes in Interacting Triads with Arbitrary Random Forcing

Approche par la mecanique statistique du probleme relatif au calcul de la statistique d'une triade de modes, forcee aleatoirement, dans l'ecoulement 2D d'un fluide visqueux. Construction d'une loi de probabilite des amplitudes modales, en terme de solution approchee de l'equation de Fokker-Planck. Le spectrum du transfert net, non lineaire, d'energie et celui de l'energie cinetique sont ensuite calcules directement a partir de cette loi de probabilite. L'idee est de voir si cette approche fournit un resultat meilleur que celui de la fermeture des moments de complexite comparable (en particulier, la fermeture qui consiste a evacuer les moments d'ordre 6). Le resultat theorique s'avere s'accorder tres bien avec la statistique d'un large ensemble d'integrations numeriques des equations originales d'evolution, surtout si l'ecart du forcage par rapport au type bruit blanc est modere
Ion and neutral inertial effects in inductively coupled plasmas

Summary form only given. Inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs) are currently being investigated as high plasma density (>10/sup 11/-10/sup 12/ cm/sup -3/), low gas pressure (<10-20 mTorr) sources for semiconductor etching and deposition. Development of models for these devices has been challenging due to neutral and ion transport being in a transition regime between continuum and molecular flow. A 2-dimensional (r,z) hybrid model has previously been developed to study ICP sources. The simulation consists of an electromagnetic module, an electron Monte Carlo simulation, and a fluid-chemical kinetics simulation; and offline hydrodynamic and plasma chemistry Monte Carlo simulations. In the parameter space of interest, inertial effects, momentum transfer between advectively hot ions and neutrals, and jetting of input gases is expected to be important. In this work, we have improved upon the fluid-chemical kinetics simulation by including ion and neutral momentum equations for all species. In doing so, time dependent and inertial transport effects are included. Momentum transfer collisions between all heavy species (neutral-neutral, neutral-ion, ion-ion) are accounted for. The advective flow field is established by specifying flow rates at the input and output ports as part ofthe boundary conditions. The output flow is dynamically adjusted to keep the average pressure in the reactor constant.
Sa1452 Predictive Validity of the Boston Bowel Preparation Score Within a Hospital Network Comprised of Various Practice Settings

Sa1452 Predictive Validity of the Boston Bowel Preparation Score Within a Hospital Network Comprised of Various Practice Settings Evelyn O. Marquez*, Adeeti J. Chiplunker, Graham A. Colditz, Rebecca Lobb, Jean S. Wang Washington University, St Louis, MO Background: The Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) allows for the grading of individual colonic segments (right, transverse, and left colon) to represent colonic visualization. We sought to predict the validity of the BBPS for adenoma detection within a hospital network comprised of various practice settings. Methods: A retrospective review was completed on all outpatient colonoscopies performed from May 2013 to April 2014 in six hospitals including those serving an academic tertiary referral practice, rural setting, inner-city underserved population, and suburban settings. Only colonoscopies that reached the cecum and had complete BBPS scoring were included. Endoscopy and pathology records were reviewed to determine the presence of adenomas. Using the BBPS, we defined adequate colonoscopies as those with scores in each of the three segments of 2 or greater. Inadequate colonoscopies were defined as those with at least 1 segment with a score of 1 or less. Results: A total of 5147 out of 5168 outpatient colonoscopies (57% female, mean age 58 years) met inclusion criteria. There were 23 colonoscopies that had a total BBPS score of 0; 11 had BBPS of 1; 14 had BBPS of 2; 138 had BBPS of 3; 108 had a BBPS of 4; 263 had a BBPS of 5; 1394 had a BBPS of 6; 799 had a BBPS of 7; 1037 had a BBPS of 8; 1373 had a BBPS of 9. Based on BBPS scores given to colonic segments, there were 4464 patients (86%) with adequate bowel preparation (scores in each of the three segments were 2 or greater) and 683 patients (13%) that had inadequate bowel preparation (at least one segment with a score of 1 or less). Adequate bowel preparation based on BBPS had a significantly higher adenoma detection rate (ADR) compared to inadequate bowel preparation with an ORZ1.19 (1.01-1.42), pZ0.04; ADR of 38.2% vs. 34.1%.We then tested various thresholds of total BBPS score. Using a cutoff of total BBPS score of 5, we found that BBPS scoresR5 were associated with significantly higher ADR compared to BBPS scores! 5 with an ORZ1.41 (1.091.82), pZ0.008; ADR of 38.1% vs. 30.4%. In contrast, when using a cutoff of total BBPS score of 6, we found BBPS scores R 6 did not have significantly different ADR compared to BBPS scores! 6 with an ORZ1.17 (0.97-1.41), pZ0.09. Conclusions: A higher BBPS score was associated with a higher ADR. Segment scores all R2 and a cut-off for total BBPS R5 predicted adenoma detection. Adequate bowel preparation throughout the colon based on BBPS (scores in each of the three segments were 2 or greater) had a significantly higher ADR compared to inadequate bowel preparation based on BBPS (at least 1 segment with a score of 1 or less). Total BBPS scores R5 were associated with a significantly higher ADR compared to total BBPS scores! 5.
Unemployment and the homicide rate: A paradox resolved?

The heretofore perplexing relationship between the unemployment and homicide rates is reevaluated through a dynamic, macro social indicator model of the postwar United States. Whereas prior research has failed to demonstrate consistently an empirical connection between economic conditions and crime rates, it is shown here that when attention is given to both the level of unemployment and recent changes in unemployment, the relationship between the unemployment rate and the homicide rate becomes more intelligible. The level of unemployment is negatively related to the homicide rate while annual changes in unemployment are positively related to the homicide rate. These paradoxical effects of unemployment remain even after controlling for other theoretically-relevant variables. Interpretation of the results revolves around the dichotomy of motivation and opportunity as components of human behavior.
Electron-Ion Recombination in Dense Plasmas

The rate of recombination and the characteristics of the afterglow line emission have been measured in magnetically confined plasmas of helium and hydrogen, with electron densities of the order of ${10}^{13}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ and degree of ionization initially of the order of 50%. Electron densities and temperatures are deduced from absolute intensity measurements of spectrum line intensities originating from highly excited states, in good agreement with those obtained from microwave phase shift and plasma conductivity measurements. The results are explained in terms of an electron-electron-ion three-body recombination process. The recombination coefficient for this process is calculated as a function of electron temperature and density.
Implementing school-based management in Indonesia: impact and lessons learned

A USAID-funded project in Indonesia aimed to improve management and governance of basic education. A mixed-methods, multi-site study found that the project had a positive impact on schools and madrasah. The following factors were found to be associated with this impact: the whole school community participated; training was in school clusters; training was ongoing and follow-up mentoring was provided; working through local systems; basing the programme on government policy; providing technical assistance rather than funding; the programme was manageable and affordable for local partners; and building commitment at provincial and district level.
Oligopeptide fragmentation viewed as constant neutral loss

Spectra were recorded of all fragment ions formed by elimination of 28-u neutral fragments in fast atom bombardment spectra of peptides in the mass range 1000–1800 u, This approach can provide less complex spectra than either conventionally scanned spectra or product ion scans from collisionaIly activated four-sector experiments, and spectra that contain information that is both overlapping and complementary to those from the other techniques. Constant neutral loss spectra may provide a reading frame for distinguishing sequence ion series in tandem or single analyzer spectra.
Multiple molecular forms of murine thymocyte-stimulating factor

Abstract Murine thymocyte stimulating factor (TSF) was found to sediment in sucrose density gradients on a broad band with peaks at about 2.60 S and 2.0 S. Two main peaks of TSF activity (with buoyant densities of 1.34 and 1.28 g/ml) were found in CsCl density gradients. Gel chromatography on Sephadex G-100 columns of the material sedimented in sucrose or CsCl density gradients originated multiple peaks of TSF activity with various molecular weights. Heterogeneity of molecular forms of TSF was also found upon dilution of the factor. The lowest molecular weights found were 4000 and 4700 daltons. When Sephadex fractions containing the low molecular weight material were pooled and rerun on Sephadex columns, molecular species with a wide range of molecular weights were found. Temperature also affects the appearance of the low molecular weight forms of TSF. Most of the experiments presented in this work were carried out with Sephadex-purified TSF. Multiple molecular forms, however, and, in particular, the forms with molecular weights of 4000 and 4700 daltons were found also with TSF-Fraction IIIa, a highly purified preparation of this factor.