cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Denaturation of RNA and DNA in situ induced by acridine orange

Abstract The products of interaction of acridine orange (AO) with single-stranded (ss) nucleic acids are precipitates which exhibit red luminescence. Titration of rRNA or thymus DNA with AO results in formation of such products suggesting that the dye, per se, denatures double-stranded (ds) sections of these biopolymers. This transition, measured as the increase of red luminescence, a concomitant decrease of green fluorescence, and followed by an increase of light scatter of the AO-nucleic acid complexes, is cooperative and at 0.15 N NaCl occurs at 4–20 and 10–50 μM range of AO concentration for rRNA and DNA, respectively. The changes in stainability of nucleic acids in situ, in permealized cells, occur at higher AO concentration. Thus, the transition of RNA in situ is biphasic and seen at 20–120 μM AO. In the presence of EDTA, however, the change is monophasic and shifted to the 10–30 μM range of AO concentration. The change in stainability of DNA also shows two phases: one at 30–60 μM and another at 70–120 μM of AO. Extraction of basic proteins with 0.08 N HCl shifts the transition of DNA to the 30–60 μM AO concentration and makes it monophasic. The observed differences in denaturability of RNA vs DNA explain the specificity of AO in differential staining of these bipolymers in histochemical reactions. In living cells the products of interaction of AO with nucleic acids are detected by electron microscopy. In the cytoplasm of interphase cells the formation of dense precipitates within ribosomes and polysomes, simultaneous with a specific retraction of ribosome-polysome complexes from the periphery of the cell to the nucleus is evident. The latter suggests higher order organization of these particles involving their association with each other or with the nucleus via polyanionic macromolecules which collapse upon binding with AO. The DNA in heterochromatin is more sensitive to AO-induced denaturation, as evidenced by the fact that the dense complexes are formed preferentially in the regions of condensed chromatin of the interphase nucleus, or in metaphase chromosomes.
JUNCTIONAL PORES AND CELL WALL DEPRESSIONS OF HORMOSCILLA PRINGSHEIMII (CYANOPHYCEAE)1

Sassoon's isolate identified as Borzia trilocularis (but recently renamed Hormoscilla pringsheimii Anagnostidis and Komarek (1988) was studied with transmission electron microscopy because of its unusual combination of longitudinal wall features, described here in development for the first time. Junctional pores (linear rows of circumferential L-II layer pores near crosswalls) developed into multiple, parallel series, unlike the pores in many other species, which form only single rows. In dividing cells, two single pore rows appear opposite crosswalls after crosswall initiation, but an additional parallel row is usually added to each row by completion of fission. Elongating cells reveal 3–6 parallel and uniformly spaced pore rows developing on each side of crosswall pairs; these rows may end up toward the center of the cell wall after cell elongation. Pores are 18–24 nm wide with a center-to-center and row-to-row distance of 24–36 nm and occur in an especially thick L-II area. The second group of pit-like pores of longitudinal cell walls are 50–135 nm-wide depressions and have a center-to-center distance of 100–1000 nm. These depressions arise when the L-II layer fails to form and appear next to a row-pair of junctional pores soon after fission. Most depressions form single rows, but when they form several rows they may cover much of the surface of the cell. The L-III and L-IV wall layers line these L-II layer cavities; the outer surface of the L-IV layer around and within the depressions is covered with fibrous mucilage. Given their diversity, pores and depressions of longitudinal walls deserve further attention from functional and taxonomic points of view.
Dacron-Modified LDL Inhibits Endothelial Cell Migration: Variable Protection by Antioxidants

Graft healing is characterized by limited endothelial cell (EC) ingrowth at the anastomoses, but the reason for this is unclear. We have previously reported that Dacron graft material activates monocytic (U937) cells to oxidize LDL. This study assessed the effect of Dacron-activated U937 cell-modified LDL (oxLDLDac/u937) on EC migration and the protective role antioxidants may play. Methods Bovine aortic EC were grown to confluence and injured with a razor blade pressed into the plastic plate to mark a starting line, then swept forward to remove EC on one side of the cut. At the time of injury, LDL (200 and 400 mg Chol/ml) modified by 24 hour incubation with U937 cells (500,000/ml) and Dacron graft (80 mg ± 5 mg/ml) was added to EC monolayers. Antioxidant protection of migration was assessed by preincubating EC with antioxidants for 1 hour before plating test conditions. At 24 hours, EC migration was quantitated by image analysis. Results Native LDL increased EC migration, whereas ox-LDLDac/u937 (400 mg/ml) inhibited EC migration by 95%, as did Cu2+-modified LDL. Vitamin E completely restored EC migration, whereas probucol and BHT did not. Conclusions OxLDLDac/U937 inhibits EC migration, suggesting that oxLDL may contribute to the limited EC ingrowth at the anastomoses of prosthetic grafts. Vitamin E may have a role in promoting graft healing by protecting EC migration.
High-Ability Students’ Participation in Specialized Instructional Delivery Models: Variations by Aptitude, Grade, Gender, and Content Area

Established in the early 1970s, the talent search model has garnered strong theoretical and programming support for addressing the academic needs of highly able students. The two main components of...
Dietary zinc-methionine enhances mononuclear-phagocytic function in young turkeys

The ability of dietary zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) to enhance mononuclear-phagocytic function againstSalmonella arizona andenteritids was investigated in young turkeys. Feed/gain and body wt gain at 21 d of age were not affected by Zn-Met. The addition of 30 or 45 ppm Zn from Zn-Met to a Zn adequate diet significantly increased cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity to phytohemagglutinin-P. The clearance of intravenously administeredS. enteritidis from blood was not affected by 30 ppm of supplemental Zn from Zn-Met. However, 30 ppm Zn from Zn-Met increased the reduction of intravenously administeredS. arizona from spleen. Percentages of myeloid and mononuclear-phagocytic cells before and afterS. enteritidis infection were not affected by supplemental Zn-Met. Turkeys supplemented with Zn-Met showed enhanced in vitro phagocytosis ofS. enteritidis by Sephadex-elicited abdominal exudate cells. The phagocytosis ofS. arizona was unaffected by Zn-Met.
Change of amphiphilic association structures during evaporation from emulsions in surfactant–fragrance–water systems

Synopsis The phase diagrams of a nonionic surfactant (Laureth 4), water, and three different fragrance compounds, limonene, phenethyl alcohol and benzaldehyde, were compared. The location of the fragrance molecules in the lamellar liquid crystals (LLC) was investigated using the small-angle X-ray diffraction. The evaporation processes of the fragrance emulsions, consisting of 80 wt.% water, 15 wt.% fragrance and 5 wt.% surfactant, were followed both experimentally through an optical microscope, and theoretically through calculation based on the knowledge of the vapour pressure of the fragrance along the demixing line of the water-in-oil microemulsion (L2) phase boundary. Evaporation of the phenethyl alcohol emulsion led the system directly into the L2 phase region, with very little phenethyl alcohol evaporated in 20 min. For the limonene system, during evaporation the system experienced several multi-phase regions, then reached the water-surfactant axis, and finally went into the L2 phase region. By contrast to phenethyl alcohol, limonene evaporated completely within 10 min. Benzaldehyde emulsion went through structural changes similar to those of limonene, while the fragrance evaporated continuously until completion in 20 min. Resume On a compare les diagrammes de phase d’un tensioactif non ionique (Laureth 4), de l’eau, et de trois composes parfumes differents, le limonene, l’alcool phenethylique et le benzaldehyde. La presence et la localisation des molecules de parfum dans les cristaux liquides lamellaires (LLC) ont eteetudiees par diffraction rayons X a angle faible. Les processus d’evaporation des emulsions parfumees, constituees de 80 % en poids d’eau, de 15 % en poids de parfum et de 5 % en poids de tensioactif, ont ete suivis experimentalement avec un microscope optique, et par le calcul theorique base sur la connaissance de la tension de vapeur du parfum le long de la ligne de decantation de la frontiere de la phase de microemulsion eau dans huile (L2). L’evaporation de l’emulsion d’alcool phenethylique conduit le systeme directement dans la zone de phase L2, avec tres peu d’alcool phenethylique evapore en 20 min. Pour le systeme au limonene, durant l’evaporation le systeme presente plusieurs zones multiphases, puis atteint l’axe eau-tensioactif, et finalement arrive dans la zone de phase L2. Contrairement a l’alcool phenethylique, le limonene est completement evapore en 10 min. L’emulsion de benzaldehyde passe par des changements de structure similaires a ceux du limonene, tandis que le parfum s’evapore en continu jusqu’a achevement en 20 min.
The Interrelationship of Measures of Manifest Anxiety, Self-Esteem, Locus of Control, and Depression in Children with Behavior Problems

The interrelationships among measures of manifest anxiety, self-esteem, locus of control, and depression were studied among children with behavioral and emotional problems. Six random samples were drawn from a population of children referred because of behavioral problems that interfered with their classroom learning. Each subject was individually administered two of the following four tests: the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS); the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory for Children, Form B (SEI); the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children (CNS-IE); and the Reynolds Childhood Depression Scale (RCDS). Results indicated that, within this sample, measures of children's depression, external locus of control, and anxiety all were intercorrelated positively to a moderately high level. Measures of self-esteem were correlated significantly and negatively with depression and anxiety, but had little correlation with external locus of control.
Regioselective synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines

The reaction of diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate (1) and 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil (2) was determined to be regioselective. Under acidic conditions the product was the previously isolated 7-oxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine (3), while in the presence of one equivalent of base followed by thermal cyclization, the isomeric 5-oxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine (5) is formed.
Improvements in the Fruit Set and Harvest Index of Eggplant by 2- (3, 4-Dichlorophenoxy) triethylamine Hydrochloride [DCPTA]

Applicaiton of the tertiary amine bioregulator, 2- (3, 4-dichlorophenoxy) triethylamine hydrochloride (DCPTA), as a soak-treatment to ungerminated seeds of eggplant (Solanum melongena L. cv. Senryo-Nigo) reduced the days to harvest, increased the fruit set, and concentrated the harvestable yield of plants that were grown in pot culture. Of plants harvested 107 days after seed planting, the total fruits per plant, harvestable yield, and harvest index (dry weight basis) of 3 and 30 μM DCPTA-treated plants were increased significantly (p <0.05) when compared with the control values. The improved yield characteristics of DCPTA-treated plants were not dependent on DCPTA-mediated improvements in vegetative plant growth.
The Perception of Correctly and Incorrectly Produced /r/

Twenty-six children and adolescents who were unable to produce /r/ correctly were administered a listening task. They were asked to listen to a tape of 200 words containing /r/ in a variety of cont...
Stationary and drifting spiral waves of excitation in isolated cardiac muscle

Excitable media can support spiral waves rotating around an organizing centre. Spiral waves have been discovered in different types of autocatalytic chemical reactions and in biological systems. The so-called 're-entrant excitation' of myocardial cells, causing the most dangerous cardiac arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, could be the result of spiral waves. Here we use a potentiometric dye in combination with CCD (charge-coupled device) imaging technology to demonstrate spiral waves in the heart muscle. The spirals were elongated and the rotation period, Ts, was about 180 ms (3-5 times faster than normal heart rate). In most episodes, the spiral was anchored to small arteries or bands of connective tissue, and gave rise to stationary rotations. In some cases, the core drifted away from its site of origin and dissipated at a tissue border. Drift was associated with a Doppler shift in the local excitation period, T, with T ahead of the core being about 20% shorter than T behind the core.
An algorithm for detecting contention-based covert timing channels on shared hardware

As we increasingly rely on computers to process and manage our personal data, safeguarding sensitive information from malicious hackers is a fast growing concern. Among many forms of information leakage, covert timing channels operate by establishing an illegitimate communication channel between two processes and transmitting information via timing modulation, violating the underlying system's security policy. Recent studies have shown the vulnerability of popular computing environments, such as cloud, to these covert timing channels. In this work, we propose an algorithm to detect the possible presence of covert timing channels on shared hardware that use contention-based patterns for communication. Preliminary experiments demonstrate that our algorithm is able to successfully detect different types of covert timing channels at varying bandwidths, message patterns, and has zero false alarms.
Design and implementation of the Wisconsin storage system

We describe the implementation of a flexible data storage system for the UNIX environment that has been designed as an experimental vehicle for building database management systems. The storage component forms a foundation upon which a variety of database systems can be constructed including support for unconventional types of data. We describe the system architecture, the design decisions incorporated within its implementation, our experiences in developing this large piece of software, and the applications that have been built on top of it.
“ZA DUSHA”: AN INTERPRETATION OF FUNERAL PRACTICES IN MACEDONIA*

Anthropologists and sociologists have generally approached an understanding of funeral rituals in terms of their psychological or social consequences. Such functional analyses have typically depended on regarding ritual behaviors as learned reponses that symbolically create or affirm the society’s organizational “rules”. An alternative or supplemental approach is the view that ritual behavior, and thus ritual content, results from purposive interactions between individuals determined by their interpretations of the ritual’s interactive situation. An elaboration of this view is offered in an examination of funeral practices in the developing city of Skopje in Yugoslav Macedonia where the many commemoratives for the dead typically result in great costs of time, money and effort. Variations and changes in funeral rituals are related to different strategies of adjustment to the city, and, in particular, to the creation and maintenance of relationships within a network of specific others that is essential to urban adaptation. Ritual is also described as providing a means of social boundary maintenance, in addition to the creation of these social networks, thus limiting obligations and claims on resources.
A scanning system for chest radiography with regional exposure control: practical implementation.

An experimental scanning apparatus for chest radiography is described which offers good scatter rejection and regional manipulation of film exposure. The apparatus is capable of studying two scanning geometries that uses either a fan of radiation swept laterally over the film in 5 s or a spot of radiation scanned over two dimensions in a raster pattern in 8.8 s. The manipulation of tube output during the scan is achieved by pulse width modulation with film exposure monitored by a fluorescencedetector placed behind the film cassette. Measurements of the scatter rejection properties of the system show that it is superior to that of a 10:1 grid when used with 120‐kVp radiation. Phantom images with both geometries demonstrate the capability of the system to improve uniformity of film exposure and soft tissue contrast throughout the mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and retrocardiac areas. The relative characteristics of the one‐ versus two‐dimension scan geometries are given. Clinical raster images formed with the 8.8‐s scan time show signs of motion unsharpness which becomes insignificant when the scan time is reduced to 4.5 s.
The characterization of surface acetylene and ethylene species on Pt(111) by angle resolved photoemission using synchrotron radiation

Abstract Angle resolved photoemission using synchrotron radiation was employed to elucidate the molecular structure of the species present in the low and high temperature phases of ethylene and acetylene on Pt(111). The plane polarized nature of synchrotron radiation allows the use of simple symmetry arguments to determine the orientation of an adsorbed species relative to the surface. In the low temperature phases of acetylene and ethylene the data are consistent with the carbon-carbon bond axis being parallel to the surface in agreement with earlier work. The high temperature phases of both molecules were found to consist of identical surface complexes where the carbon-carbon bond axis is normal or nearly normal to the surface. The orbital symmetries determined from this study favor the ethylidyne structure originally proposed by Kesmodel et al.
Large Strain Deformation Field in Machining

Measurement of strain field in the primary deformation zone is of major interest for development of machining as an experimental technique for studying phenomena associated with large strain deformation. A study has been made of the primary deformation zone and tool-chip interface in planestrain (two-dimensional) machining of metals. The use of a high-speed, charge-coupled device (CCD) imaging system in conjunction with an optically transparent, sapphire cutting tool has enabled characteristics of the deformation field such as velocity, strain, and material flow, to be obtained at high spatial and temporal resolution. The velocity distributions in the primary deformation zone and along the tool rake face have been obtained by applying a particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique to sequences of high-speed images of the chip-tool interface taken through the transparent tool, and of the primary deformation zone recorded from a side of the workpiece. A procedure is presented and demonstrated for determining the strain and strain rate distributions in the primary deformation zone. The measurements have provided data about the variations of velocity, strain rate, and strain, in and around the cutting edge and primary deformation zone; confirmed the existence of a region of retarded sliding in the region of intimate contact between tool and chip; and highlighted the occurrence of a region of dead metal ahead of the cutting edge when cutting with a negative rake angle tool.
The impact of receptor desensitization on fast synaptic transmission

The role of desensitization of ligand-gated channels at fast chemical synapses has been difficult to establish. Densensitization has been studied traditionally with prolonged agonist exposure, whereas the duration of free neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft is relatively brief. Studies of acetylcholine-, glutamate- and GABA-gated channels using rapid agonist application now provide a means to assess the effects of densensitization in shaping synaptic responses and in influencing neuronal excitability. These data reveal several strikingly different patterns by which the receptor-specific kinetics of densensitization can determine the size, timecourse and frequency of transmitted signals. Densensitization is thus a surprisingly versatile mechanism for shaping synaptic transmission.
INFORMATION VALUE OF ADJECTIVES IN RELATION TO THEIR POSITION IN SENTENCES

Responses to 60 sentences presented in 2 forms (prenominal and postnominal) to 90 students showed method of measurement was significant but not position of the adjective.
Retinal ganglion cell degeneration is topological but not cell type specific in DBA/2J mice

Using a variety of double and triple labeling techniques, we have reevaluated the death of retinal neurons in a mouse model of hereditary glaucoma. Cell-specific markers and total neuron counts revealed no cell loss in any retinal neurons other than the ganglion cells. Within the limits of our ability to define cell types, no group of ganglion cells was especially vulnerable or resistant to degeneration. Retrograde labeling and neurofilament staining showed that axonal atrophy, dendritic remodeling, and somal shrinkage (at least of the largest cell types) precedes ganglion cell death in this glaucoma model. Regions of cell death or survival radiated from the optic nerve head in fan-shaped sectors. Collectively, the data suggest axon damage at the optic nerve head as an early lesion, and damage to axon bundles would cause this pattern of degeneration. However, the architecture of the mouse eye seems to preclude a commonly postulated source of mechanical damage within the nerve head.
Changing interests: A longitudinal study of intrinsic motivation for personally salient activities

The present longitudinal study extends the findings of earlier cross-sectional studies (Waterman, Schwartz, Green, Miller, & Philip, 2003) on the subjective experience of intrinsic motivation. University students generated lists of personally salient (identity-related) activities at the beginning of an academic semester and were asked to evaluate these activities at three points during the semester. Drawing on theories of intrinsic motivation, three subjective indices of intrinsic motivation (interest, flow experiences, and feelings of personal expressiveness) and three theoretically derived predictor variables (self-determination, the balance of challenges and skills, and self-realization values) were used in the present study. Cross-sectional relationships between the predictors and subjective experience indices at each timepoint replicated those observed in previous research. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to demonstrate that, as hypothesized, increases or decreases in the predictor variables between timepoints were associated with corresponding increases or decreases in the subjective experience indices. Implications for the study of intrinsic motivation are discussed.
Physics of Hysteresis in MESFET Drain I-V Characteristics: Simulation Approach

The two-dimensional device simulator, MediciTM, was used to simulate 4H silicon carbide (4H-SiC) n-channel power metal semiconductor field effect transistors (MESFETs) with 0.5 µm gate length with and without p-type buffer layer between the n-channel and the semi-insulating (SI) substrate. The devices, which have previously been fabricated and characterized experimentally, have ion-implanted n+ source and drain ohmic contact regions. The simulations were performed with transient 30 V amplitude symmetrical triangular pulse with 30 s pulse width. Simulations show that hysteresis in drain I-V curves of MESFETs is due to substrate traps and source/drain implant damage traps. The hysteresis is caused by trapping and emission of channel electrons by the traps as VDS rises from 0 V to VDS(max) and as VDS falls from VDS(max) back to 0 V. This leads to difference in trap occupation, and hence difference in channel electron concentration as VDS rises and falls. This finally leads to difference in drain-source current (IDS) at a given VDS for a given VGS as VDS rises and falls, giving rise to the hysteresis in the I-V curves.
Electromagnetic fields in magnetic materials: A resource letter

This work is a collection of selected, significant references focussing upon magnetic materials and their interaction with electromagnetic fields. The major topics included are ferrites, plasmas (both atmospheric and laboratory), magnetic composites, magnetic dielectric fluids, ferroelectric liquid crystals. Sections discussing general magnetic materials and phenomena are also included.
Statistical properties of multiplicative multifractal processes in modelling telecommunications traffic streams

Telecommunications network systems have been observed to contain processing and switching nodes that are loaded by highly bursty traffic streams. Such flows exhibit long-range-dependent (LRD) properties. The design and sizing of electronic processing and switching systems depend critically on the features of such processes. LRD traffic streams are modelled as a multiplicative multifractal process. Through simulation, it is shown that similar queueing performance results can be simultaneously obtained for a network operating at low, medium, and high utilisation levels when one compares the system-size tail performance of a single server queueing system driven in the first case by the measured traffic and in the second case by a multiplicative multifractal traffic model. A number of the properties of such processes that are most relevant to their use as network traffic models are proved.
Imidazolyl Carboxylic Acids As Mechanistic Probes of Flavocytochrome P-450 BM3†

ω-Imidazolyl carboxylic acids (C10−C12) have been used as probes of the active site and catalytic mechanism of the fatty acid hydroxylase P-450 BM3 from Bacillus megaterium. These compounds are the most potent inhibitors of P-450 BM3 yet reported. All are mixed inhibitors, increasing the Km and decreasing the kcat for laurate oxidation. All ligate the P-450 BM3 ferric heme iron, inducing a type II shift in the Soret absorbance band from 419 to 424 nm. Binding to the ferrous form is much weaker. 10-(Imidazolyl)decanoic acid was the best inhibitor (Kic = 0.9 μM, Kiu = 5.7 μM), while 12-(imidazolyl)dodecanoic acid (Kic = 1.35 μM, Kiu = 6.9 μM) was superior to 11-(imidazolyl)undecanoic acid (Kic = 7.5 μM, Kiu = 16 μM). Dissociation constants for binding to oxidized P-450 BM3 heme iron were determined spectrophotometrically as 8 μM (C12 azole) and 27 μM (C11 azole). The binding of 10-(imidazolyl)decanoic acid was too tight for an absolute Kd to be determined spectrophotometrically, but this value is <0.2 μM. T...
Adaptation of siblings to childhood malignancy

To explore the impact of childhood cancer, school-aged patients and their healthy siblings from 71 families were given one or more of the following psychologic tests: the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale, the Bene-Anthony Family Relations Test, and the Thematic Apperception Test. The siblings showed even more distress than the patients in the areas of perceived social isolation, perception of their parents as overindulgent and overprotective of the sick child, fear of confronting family members with negative feelings, and concern with failure (older siblings only). In other areas, such as anxiety and vulnerability to illness and injury, the patients' and siblings' experience appeared very similar. These results indicate that siblings, like patients, experience severe stress when confronted with a chronic, life-threatening illness such as cancer. In recognizing and attending to their needs, one can practice primary prevention in pediatrics by facilitating their healthy adaptation to a very difficult situation.
Endogenous opioids modulate ventilation in the obese Zucker rat.

Abstract This study evaluated the modulatory role of endogenous opioids on ventilation in young and mature, lean and obese male Zucker rats. Naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, and saline (control) were administered subcutaneously to awake rats, and ventilation in air and in response to an hypoxic and an hypercapnic gas challenge measured. In response to naloxone young,obese but not lean rats exhibited a marked increase of ventilation in all three conditions. Older obese Zucker rats that were morbidly obese breathed at a frequency of over 200 breaths per minute and showed only a modest increase of ventilation in response to naloxone. Older lean rats increased ventilation with naloxone only when exposed to hypercapnia. Unlike the stimulatory effects hypoxia and hypercapnia had on ventilation in older, lean rats, the ventilatory responses of the obese, older rats to hypoxia and to hypercapnia were blunted. We conclude that the obese Zucker rat may be a good animal model to assess how chest wall loading and endogenous opioids interact in the development of ventilatory control abnormalities.
Identification and characterization of a novel peritrophic matrix protein, Ae-Aper50, and the microvillar membrane protein, AEG12, from the mosquito,Aedes aegypti

Immuno-screening of an adult Aedes aegypti midgut cDNA expression library with anti-peritrophic matrix antibodies identified cDNAs encoding a novel peritrophic matrix protein, termed Ae. aegypti Adult Peritrophin 50 (Ae-Aper50), and the epithelial cell-surface membrane protein, AEG12. Both genes are expressed exclusively in the midguts of adult female mosquitoes and their expression is strongly induced by blood feeding. Ae-Aper50 has a predicted secretory signal peptide and five chitin-binding domains with intervening mucin-like domains. Localization of Ae-Aper50 to the peritrophic matrix was demonstrated by immuno-electron microscopy. Recombinant Ae-Aper50 expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells binds chitin in vitro. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to study the role that cysteine residues from a single chitin-binding domain play in the binding to a chitin substrate. Most of the cysteine residues proved to be critical for binding. AEG12 has a putative secretory signal peptide at the amino-terminus and a putative glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor signal at its carboxyl-terminus and the protein was localized by immuno-electron microscopy to the midgut epithelial cell microvilli.
Study of vanadium emission control in combustion systems by thermodynamic equilibrium analyses

Abstract A thermodynamic equilibrium analysis has been carried out to determine potential sorbent materials for effective chemisorption of vanadium in combustion systems. The computer code, STANJAN, is used to implement the calculations. Ca–, Na– and Mg– based sorbents are evaluated for a wide range of combustion temperatures. A strong affinity between vanadium and these sorbents is identified which implies the great potential of these sorbents to chemically adsorb vanadium. The affinity to bind with vanadium follows the sequence of Na>Ca>Mg. The impact of various common compounds in combustion systems such as chlorine and sulfur on the performance of these sorbents has also been evaluated. Sulfur is found to strongly impair the performance of these sorbents at lower temperatures ( Na>Ca. The ultimate effectiveness of the sorption process depends on the competition between vanadium and sulfur for available sorbents in the system.
Moving from rhetoric to praxis: Issues faced by teachers in having students consider multiple solutions for problems in the mathematics classroom

Despite general agreement that students should consider more than one way to solve a complex mathematics problem, this practice is rarely observed in U.S. classrooms. In this paper, we examine data that trace the year-long professional development experience of 12 veteran teachers of middle grades mathematics — experienced users of a standards-based mathematics curriculum — to unearth some issues and concerns that appeared to serve as obstacles to their use of multiple solutions in the classroom. We also identify key transformations that appear to account for the success of some teachers in embedding this practice in their instructional repertoire.
Chemical and functional quantitation of gene 0.3 messenger RNA during T7 infection.

Abstract Late in infection of Escherichia coli by bacteriophage T7 a discrepancy is observed between the sythesis of the early gene 0·3 protein in vivo and the level of 0·3 mRNA measured by both chemical and functional assays. Chemical 0·3 mRNA levels have been measured by competition hybridization using purified, radioactive 0·3 mRNA, and functional 0·3 mRNA levels have been measured by cell-free translation. These measurements indicate that functional and chemical 0·3 mRNA persists late in T7 infection; 0·3 mRNA inactivation or decay cannot account for the shut-off of 0·3 protein synthesis in vivo . In addition the rate of loss of 0·3 mRNA activity and the rate of chemical decay of 0·3 mRNA are very similar.
Mitotic spindle poles are organized by structural and motor proteins in addition to centrosomes.

The focusing of microtubules into mitotic spindle poles in vertebrate somatic cells has been assumed to be the consequence of their nucleation from centrosomes. Contrary to this simple view, in this article we show that an antibody recognizing the light intermediate chain of cytoplasmic dynein (70.1) disrupts both the focused organization of microtubule minus ends and the localization of the nuclear mitotic apparatus protein at spindle poles when injected into cultured cells during metaphase, despite the presence of centrosomes. Examination of the effects of this dynein-specific antibody both in vitro using a cell-free system for mitotic aster assembly and in vivo after injection into cultured cells reveals that in addition to its direct effect on cytoplasmic dynein this antibody reduces the efficiency with which dynactin associates with microtubules, indicating that the antibody perturbs the cooperative binding of dynein and dynactin to microtubules during spindle/aster assembly. These results indicate that microtubule minus ends are focused into spindle poles in vertebrate somatic cells through a mechanism that involves contributions from both centrosomes and structural and microtubule motor proteins. Furthermore, these findings, together with the recent observation that cytoplasmic dynein is required for the formation and maintenance of acentrosomal spindle poles in extracts prepared from Xenopus eggs (Heald, R., R. Tournebize, T. Blank, R. Sandaltzopoulos, P. Becker, A. Hyman, and E. Karsenti. 1996. Nature (Lond.). 382: 420–425) demonstrate that there is a common mechanism for focusing free microtubule minus ends in both centrosomal and acentrosomal spindles. We discuss these observations in the context of a search-capture-focus model for spindle assembly.
Permanent facilitation of avoidance behavior by d-amphetamine and scopolamine.

Scopolamine (0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 4.8 mg/kg) or d-amphetamine (0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 4.00 mg/kg) was administered daily to independent groups of rats 30 min prior to training in a discriminated, Y-maze avoidance task. A dose-dependent relationship was found between amount of avoidance facilitation and drug dosage. Discontinuation of the drug following asymptotic performance resulted in a decrement in avoidance which varied as a function of the acquisition dosage. Results from a second experiment using the same task indicated that gradually reducing the dosage on consecutive training days rather than abruptly discontinuing the drug was more effective in producing permanent avoidance facilitation in the non-drug condition.
State Space Collapse in Many-Server Diffusion Limits of Parallel Server Systems

We consider a class of queueing systems that consist of server pools in parallel and multiple customer classes. Customer service times are assumed to be exponentially distributed. We study the asymptotic behavior of these queueing systems in a heavy traffic regime that is known as the Halfin-Whitt many-server asymptotic regime. Our main contribution is a general framework for establishing state space collapse results in this regime for parallel server systems. In our work, state space collapse refers to a decrease in the dimension of the processes tracking the number of customers in each class waiting for service and the number of customers in each class being served by various server pools. We define and introduce a “state space collapse” function, which governs the exact details of the state space collapse. We show that a state space collapse result holds in many-server heavy traffic if a corresponding deterministic hydrodynamic model satisfies a similar state space collapse condition. Unlike the single-server heavy traffic setting for multiclass queueing network, our hydrodynamic model is different from the standard fluid model for many-server queues. Our methodology is similar in spirit to that in Bramson [Bramson, M. 1998. State space collapse with application to heavy traffic limits for multiclass queueing networks. Queueing Systems30 89--148.], which focuses on the single-server heavy traffic regime. We illustrate the applications of our results by establishing state space collapse results in many-server diffusion limits for V-model systems under static-buffer-priority policy and the threshold policy proposed in the literature.
Synthesis of Nanosize Ceria by a Combustion Process and Electrical Characterization of HeteroFoaM Porous Ceria Electrodes

Nanosize powders of Sm2 O3 -doped CeO2 (SDC) containing various dopants (Pr, Rh, Re) were synthesized using respective nitrates and D-gluconic acid (DGA) by a combustion process. The resulting powders were extremely fine (nanosize) and of uniform composition. Porous samples with open porosity were fabricated by sintering. Electrical conductivity was measured by a four probe DC technique over a wide pO2 range and a temperature range between 200°C and 800°C. The pO2 was measured using an oxygen sensor. Samples of SDC and SDC with Pr doping exhibited significant electronic conduction in reducing atmospheres above 400°C. Thus, these materials are suitable candidates for SOFC anodes above 400°C. Sintered and powder samples were subjected to various thermal treatments in several atmospheres (oxidizing to reducing) and were characterized by XRD, SEM, and XPS. The purpose of adding the dopants Pr, Rh and Re was to create mixed ionic electronic conductivity in reducing atmospheres at low (<300°C) temperatures. Such materials are potential candidates as SOFC anodes at temperatures possibly lower than 500°C.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Intuitionistic Letcc via Labelled Deduction

The well-known embedding of intuitionistic logic into classical modal logic means that intuitionistic logic can be viewed as a calculus of labelled deduction on multiple-conclusion sequents, where the labels are the Kripke worlds of the modal embedding. The corresponding natural deduction system constitutes a type system for programs using control operators such as letcc that capture the current program continuation, which has a modal restriction on the use of such continuations that enforces constructive validity. This allows us to develop a rich dependent type theory incorporating letcc, which is known to be otherwise highly problematic for computational interpretations of classical logic. Moreover, we give a novel constructive proof for the soundness of this labelled deduction system, whose algorithmic content is a non-deterministic translation of programs that eliminates uses of letcc and is fully compatible with dependent types and therefore with program verification. This proof has been formally verified on the propositional fragment in the Twelf meta-logical framework.
Biochemical characterization of MmoS, a sensor protein involved in copper-dependent regulation of soluble methane monooxygenase

Methane monooxygenase (MMO) enzymes catalyze the oxidation of methane to methanol in methanotrophic bacteria. Several strains of methanotrophs, including Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath), express a membrane-bound or particulate MMO (pMMO) at high copper-to-biomass ratios and a soluble MMO (sMMO) form when copper is limited. The mechanism of this “copper switch” is not understood. The mmoS gene, located downstream of the sMMO operon, encodes a sensor protein that is part of a two-component signaling system and has been proposed to play a role in the copper switch. MmoS from M. capsulatus (Bath) has been cloned, expressed, and purified. The purified protein is a tetramer of molecular mass 480 kDa. Optical spectra indicate that MmoS contains a flavin cofactor, identified as flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) by fluorescence spectroscopy and chromatographic analysis. The redox potential of the MmoS-bound FAD, which binds within the N-terminal PAS−PAC domains, is −290 ± 2 mV at pH 8.0 and 25 °C. Despite extensiv...
The Role of Isolated Gastrocnemius and Combined Achilles Contractures in the Flatfoot

In the absence of bony deformity, ankle equinus is generally the result of shortening within the gastrocnemius-soleus complex. Restriction of ankle dorsiflexion as a proxy for equinus contracture has been linked to increased mechanical strains and resultant foot and ankle pathology for a long time. This entity has many known causes, and data suggest it can manifest as either an isolated gastrocnemius or combined (Achilles) contracture. Numerous disorders of the foot and ankle have been linked with such "equinus disease", and although some of these relationships remain controversial, a reasonably convincing relationship between equinus contracture and the development of flatfoot exists. What is still perhaps most misunderstood is the temporal association between these two pathologies, and hence higher levels of evidence are needed in the future to define more precisely the interplay between flatfoot deformity and gastrocnemius-soleus tightness.
Z-mediated B-B mixing and B-meson CP-violating asymmetries in the light of new flavor-changing neutral-current bounds

We impose new limits on flavor-changing and neutral currents (FCNC's) applied to the 4{times}4 mixing matrix of the next heaviest down quark in a model with extra SU(2){sub {ital L}}-singlet down quarks, such as in E{sub 6}. We find the new bounds still allow tree-level FCNC {ital Z} exchange to dominate {ital B}{sub {ital d}}{sup 0-}{ital {bar B}} {sub {ital d}}{sup 0} mixing, but not {ital B}{sub {ital s}}{sup 0-}{ital {bar B}} {sub {ital s}}{sup 0} mixing. A stronger {ital b}{r arrow}{ital d} bound by a factor of 1/10 could rule out the possibility of {ital Z} mediation with FCNC accounting for {ital B}{sub {ital d}}{sup 0-}{ital {bar B}} {sub {ital d}}{sup 0} mixing. The unitarity {ital d}-{ital b} triangle'' may still be a quadrangle with a detectable fourth side. The {ital CP} asymmetries from {ital B}{sub {ital d}}{sup 0} decay should show a new {ital CP}-violating phase if the {ital Z}-mediated process dominates {ital B}{sub {ital d}}{sup 0-}{ital {bar B}} {sub {ital d}}{sup 0} mixing.
Excitotoxic neuronal damage and neuropsychiatric disorders

Excitatory amino acids (EAA) serve important physiological functions in the vertebrate CNS, including participation in fast excitatory synaptic transmission, modulation of synaptic plasticity and regulation of neuronal morphology during development. However, paradoxically they also harbor neurotoxic (excitotoxic) potential, which, if unleashed, can cause widespread degeneration of CNS neurons. Accumulating evidence suggests a role for excitotoxins in a variety of human neuropsychiatric disorders. This paper reviews the classes of EAA receptors in the CNS, the mechanisms underlying EAA-mediated neuronal damage and the role of EAA in specific human disorders.
Synthesis and evaluation of novel pseudomycin side-chain analogues. Part 3.

To increase the therapeutic utility of C-18 side-chain bearing pseudomycin analogue 2, we prepared additional analogues and prodrugs of 2 containing further modifications at various positions within its core structure. Each of the newly synthesized derivatives (10-15) exhibited reduced tail vein toxicity relative to the parent compound. Some of the new pseudomycin derivatives (e.g., 14) also showed improved in vivo antifungal activity relative to its corresponding parent compound.
Growth of oriented Tl-2223 thin films from co-deposited Ba-Ca-Cu-O precursors by post-deposition Tl diffusion

Abstract Single-phase superconducting Tl-2223 thin films with a predominate c -axis orientation normal to the substrate have been grown on LaAlO 3 by high temperature (820 °C) diffusion of Tl into vapor co-deposited Ba-Ca-Cu-O precursors. Annealing and diffusion of Tl were conducted in a 98% Ar + 2% O 2 by volume flowing gas mixture. Film quality depended strongly on the conditions of deposition for the precursor film.
Institutional Strength and Gubernatorial Elections An Exploratory Analysis

Gubernatorial power is a concept that has received considerable attention from students of comparative state politics. One aspect of gubernatorial power that has been overlooked is its relationship...
Specific retention volumes and retention indices of selected hydrocarbon solutes with OV-3, OV-7, OV-11, OV-17, OV-22, and OV-25 polymethylphenylsiloxane solvents

Tableaux des volumes et indices de retention pour une serie d'hydrocarbures (alcanes, alcenes, benzene, toluene-methylcyclopentane)
Adaptation of intercalated cells along the collecting duct to systemic acid/base changes

Collecting duct intercalated cells respond to short-term acid/base perturbations by rapidly shuttling H + -ATPase to and from the plasma membrane. Purkerson et al. provide information on the regulation of the anion transporters during chronic acidosis and acute recovery (alkalosis). They found that the major mechanism for both acute and chronic states is regulation of both the H + -ATPase and the anion exchangers plus changes in the overall expression level of these anion transporters in chronic adaptation.
Surface and interface stress effects on the growth of thin films

Surface and interface stresses represent the work per unit area to stretch the surface of a solid. These types of stresses are discussed, emphasizing their relevance to thin film growth. In particular, the influence of these parameters on the critical thickness for epitaxy and for intrinsic thin film stress generation are considered.
Antidiabetic agent englitazone enhances insulin action in nondiabetic rats without producing hypoglycemia

Abstract The new antihyperglycemic agent englitazone (CP-68,722) was examined in nondiabetic rats. Administration of englitazone at 50 mg/kg/d for 8 days did not produce overt hypoglycemia but it lowered basal plasma insulin by 59% and 41% in rats fed ad libitum and fasted overnight on the last day, respectively. Drug treatment also lowered (P 0.79 ± 0.02 to 1.00 ± 0.02 nmol 5 min , respectively, at insulin concentration of 2,500 μU/mL). There was also a significant increase in the basal rate of 2-deoxyglucose uptake ( 0.07 ± 0.01 to 0.24 ± 0.07 nmol 5min ) in adipocytes from fasted rats only. Insulin-stimulated lipogenesis from 3H-2-glucose was enhanced in adipocytes from drug-treated fed rats ( 7.72 ± 0.09 to 10.19 ± 0.10 nmol glucose 45 min at insulin concentration of 2,500 μU/mL) but no effect was observed in adipocytes from fasted rats ( 2.57 ± 0.30 to 2.33 ± 0.16 nmol glucose 45 min ). Thus, englitazone (1) enhances insulin action in nondiabetic rats without producing overt hypoglycemia, (2) exhibits insulinomimetic activity with respect to hexose transport in adipocytes from drug-treated fasted rats, and (3) enhances insulin action in adipocytes from drug-treated fasted and fed rats, but (4) prevents the excess glucose entering the cells from fasted rats from being converted to triglyceride.