cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Outgrowing the Compact of the Fathers: Equal Rights, Woman Suffrage, and the United States Constitution, 1820–1878

One aim of this special symposium on the United States Constitution is to depict the Constitution as a historically contested arena. In particular, the history of constitutional demands by popular movements counters the Reagan administration's exclusive focus on the words and intents of the Framers. In the midst of the Constitution's bicentennial celebration, it is especially important for historians to recall the radical tradition of equal rights that flourished as a part of nineteenth-century republican thought. Women's rights demands were an important aspect of that popular nineteenth-century republicanism. From its inception to the present, the women's rights movement has pursued rights not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution and has sought to incorporate them into an expanded understanding of its meaning. From one perspective, the conviction at the heart of radical republicanism, that an expansion of "rights" would help create a more egalitarian society, reached its peak with the enactmentand its nadir with the judicial disposition -of the Reconstruction amendments. However, from a women's rights perspective, the radical republican heritage extends much further. Not only did the struggle for political equality for women reach into the twentieth century, but the drive for the Equal Rights Amendment, as well as intense debate about a whole other realm of rights sexual and reproductive keeps the constitutional issue of women's rights alive today. In this paper on the nineteenth-century movement for women's rights, I have two concerns. One is to integrate women's rights and the other equal rights politics of the nineteenth centurythe abolition and black suffrage movements and labor reform -into a comprehensive history of radical republicanism. My other concern is to specify the place, and the possibilities, of the politics of equal rights in women's history. Concepts of rights, individualism, and equality have had a distinct impact
Conjugated Thiophene Dendrimer with an Electron-Withdrawing Core and Electron-Rich Dendrons: How the Molecular Structure Affects the Morphology and Performance of Dendrimer:Fullerene Photovoltaic Devices

The combination of electron-rich and electron-poor moieties in conjugated molecules is frequently utilized in order to red shift the absorption spectrum and improve photon harvesting in bulk hetero...
Final Technical Report: Characterizing Emerging Technologies.

The Characterizing Emerging Technologies project focuses on developing, improving and validating characterization methods for PV modules, inverters and embedded power electronics. Characterization methods and associated analysis techniques are at the heart of technology assessments and accurate component and system modeling. Outputs of the project include measurement and analysis procedures that industry can use to accurately model performance of PV system components, in order to better distinguish and understand the performance differences between competing products (module and inverters) and new component designs and technologies (e.g., new PV cell designs, inverter topologies, etc.).
Context Sensitive Smart Device Command Recognition and Negotiation

The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a dramatic shift in how computing and communication interrelate. Devices can potentially connect to anything at any time in any place. While many researchers focus on how to make the IoT seamless, faster, and add more devices into the mesh, our approach is to introduce a new approach whereby devices not only communicate, but also have a level of context awareness that results in optimal intelligence among the mesh of connected devices.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Radiation Injury to the Brain

Nine patients with a history of radiation of 2400–6000 rad (24–60 Gy) to the brain were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). MRI demonstrated abnormalities in the periventricular white matter in all patients. The abnormal periventricular signal was characterized by a long T2 and was demonstrated best on coronal spin-echo (SE) 1000/80 images. A characteristic scalloped appearance at the junction of the gray-white matter was seen on MR images of seven patients, and represented extensive white-matter damage involving the more peripheral arcuate fiber systems. This differs from transependymal absorption, which is seen best on SE 3000/80 images and has a smooth peripheral margin. Cranial CT demonstrated white-matter lucencies in six cases but generally failed to display the extent of white-matter injury demonstrated by MRI. MRI is uniquely suited to detect radiation injury to the brain because of its extreme sensitivity to white-matter edema.
Idiopathic Female Intersex with Clitoromegaly and Urethral Duplication

AbstractIdiopathic female intersex presents in the neonate with characteristic anomalies of the external genitalia, complete and separate phallic and vaginal urethras and vesical outlet obstruction. Management of this disorder should initially focus upon adequate urinary drainage and proper sex assignment in the neonate. Successful management and surgical reconstruction of the external genitalia should later result in normal female development.
Technological applications of Mössbauer spectroscopy

A brief review is given of some recent industrial applications of Mossbauer spectroscopy. One of the most desirable futures of the Mossbauer effect is the feasibility of performing in situ measurements. Such measurements are extremely important especially in the upgrading of coal derived liquids. Such applications have been very successful in understanding the role of iron sulfides stoichiometries in direct coal liquefaction. The use of in situ techniques in invaluable in the investigation of the metal support interaction and their relation to carburization processes in Fischer-Tropsch reactions. Some examples of such applications will be presented in this paper. In this paper, emphasis will be placed in the use of a multiple technique approach to elucidate scientific problems of industrial importance.
Peri-urethral Injections

Peri-urethral bulking agents have evolved since the 1930s and remain a viable option for treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in selected patient populations. We review the history of urethral bulking and complication data from historically used bulking agents. We discuss success and complication data for agents currently available for urethral bulking in the USA. Additionally, we review troubleshooting and use instructions for each of these urethral bulking therapies.
Behavior of EBR-II Mk-V-type fuel elements in simulated loss-of-flow tests

Abstract Three furnace heating tests were conducted with irradiated, HT9-clad and U-19wt%Pu-10wt%Zr-alloy, EBR-II Mk-V-type fuel elements to evaluate the behavior that could be expected during a loss-of-flow event in the reactor. In general, very significant safety margins for cladding breaching have been demonstrated in these tests, under conditions that would envelop a bounding unlikely loss-of-flow event in EBR-II. Highlights of the test results are presented, as are discussions of the cladding breaching mechanisms, axial fuel motion, and fuel surface liquefaction that were found in these tests.
Sémiotique et rhétorique de la duplicité dans la peinture de Bernard Baïfang

The Art of Bernard Baifang finds its strength in the subtlety with which this contemporary painter represents abstractions. Using figures of speech, he translates duplicity into images, a moral per...
Efficacy and safety of proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, alirocumab and evolocumab, a post-commercialization study

Efficacy-safety of proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, alirocumab (ALI) and evolocumab (EVO), have previously been evaluated through controlled clinical trials with selective patient groups. Post-commercially, in 69 patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD) with suboptimal LDL cholesterol (LDLC) lowering on maximal tolerated LDLC therapy, we assessed efficacy and safety of ALI and EVO. Post-commercially, we started 29 patients on ALI 75 mg, 18 on ALI 150 mg, and 22 on EVO 140 mg every 2 weeks added to a maximally tolerated LDLC-lowering regimen. Since LDLC lowering did not differ between ALI 150 and EVO 140 mg, ALI 150-EVO 140 data were pooled (ALI-EVO). Changes in LDLC and AHA and NIH calculated 10-year CVD risks were assessed. Of the 69 patients, 25 had HeFH, 25 CVD, and 19 had both. At entry, 23 (33%) took statins and 46 (67%) were statin-intolerant. Mean ± SD and median follow-up were 49 ± 13 and 49 weeks on ALI 75 mg, and 37 ± 12 and 33 weeks on ALI-EVO. In the ALI-EVO group (n = 40), median LDLC fell from 165 mg/dl at entry to 70 mg/dl (median − 59%, p 0.05) between ALI 75 mg and ALI-EVO. In patients with HeFH and/or CVD, LDLC decreased from 115 to 68 mg/dl (39%) on ALI 75 mg with mean follow-up of 49 weeks, and from 165 to 70 mg/dl (59%) on ALI-EVO over 37 weeks, p < .0001 for both. Adverse events were minimal and tolerable. ALI and EVO represent paradigm shifts in LDLC lowering.
The Role and Impact of Clinical Programs on Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth

As the U.S. economy evolves from giant corporate domestic job creators, to one where innovative small and microenterprises contribute to economic growth and create a majority of U.S. jobs, the role and impact of law clinical programs supporting these enterprises will continue to grow. This chapter specifically focuses on the current and evolving role of law clinical programs in the United States of America and their impact on entrepreneurship and economic growth. We review clinical law programs as they have evolved from the traditional programs of the early 1900s to community economic development programs of the 1980s to the current variety of entrepreneurship and transactional programs that directly impact entrepreneurship and economic growth. For purposes of this chapter, we include entrepreneurship/transactional law clinical programs – i.e. entrepreneurship, small business, transactional, community economic development, intellectual property law, housing and tax (transactional). We provide insights from the current empirical data retrieved from law school websites, brochures, newsletters, list-serves and personal contacts for the period ending June 2011. The information details the level of law school capacity, numbers of programs, state geographic distribution, and the states with the greatest number of clinical law programs that serve entrepreneurs, small business and nonprofits, as well as their potential for expansion.
Evaluation of laboratory and field techniques to improve portland cement concrete performance

x CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Overview 1 Objectives and Scope 3 Organization 4 References 6 CHAPTER 2. INVESTIGATION OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE MIX CONSISTENCY ON CONCRETE PERFORMANCE USING A TWO-STAGE MIXING PROCESS 7 Abstract 7 Introduction 7 Materials and Test Methods 9 Results and Discussion 13 Conclusions 24 Acknowledgements 24 References 24 CHAPTER 3. A QUICK HEAT GENERATION TEST FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS 27 Abstract 27 Introduction 28 Materials and Test Methods 30 Results and Discussion 34 Conclusions 43 Recommendations 43 Acknowledgements 43 References 44 CHAPTER 4. EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT AIR ENTRAINING AGENTS (AEA), SUPPLEMENTARY CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS (SCM), AND WATER REDUCING AGENT (WR) ON THE AIR VOID STRUCTURE OF FRESH MORTAR ... 46 Abstract 46 Introduction 47 Materials and Test Methods 48 Results and Discussion 51 Conclusions 62 Acknowledgements 63
Preimplantation Stages of Human Development: The Biological and Moral Status of Early Embryos

There is currently no consensus on when human life begins, and consequently, the biological, moral, and legal status of early human embryos is unclear. Here, the biological facts concerning early human development are examined to establish a scientific view of when human life begins. The evidence clearly indicates that a new human organism (i.e., a human being) is formed at the point of sperm–egg fusion. The events occurring during preimplantation development provide further support for the conclusion that the early embryo is an organism. The status of the zygote as a complete organism is contrasted to that of human pluripotent stem cells that are best understood as parts of an organism. Two common arguments for assigning human rights to developing human beings are outlined and their logical implications are briefly discussed, in light of the scientific facts regarding human development.
Efficient electromagnetic energy harvester for railroad transportation

Abstract An electromagnetic energy harvester is designed to produce electricity from rail track deflections induced by passing trains. Whereas typical existing vibration energy harvester technologies are built for low power applications of milliwatts range, the proposed harvester will be designed for higher power applications for major track-side equipment such as warning signals, wireless communications, track switches, track health monitoring systems, etc., which typically require a power supply ranging between several watts (continuous) to thousand watts (with intermittent duty cycle). Facing the challenge of large pulse vibrations on the track when trains pass by, a mechanical motion rectifier (MMR) with single shaft design is introduced to streamline the motion and force transmissions, by transforming bidirectional pulse vibrations into the unidirectional rotation at relatively steady speed. Bench tests indicate that 10–100 W of energy harvesting capability from train induced vibration and up to 74% efficiency. Simulations also indicate that the MMR mechanism can significantly increase the power output over the traditional harvesters while substantially reducing the average force amplitude under the same displacement input.
Challenging the Therapy/Enhancement Distinction in CRISPR Gene Editing

CRISPR science enables genomic engineering that has major implications in disease prevention and therapy, but also in various non-human applications. Despite CRISPR’s great potential, there are major scientific concerns that must be further investigated: off-target effects, chimerism, unknown epigenetic effects, and long term on-target effects. Moreover, there are also social justice concerns regarding the democratization of CRISPR technology due to its highly pragmatic and executable nature. This makes policy development to regulate CRISPR very challenging. Historically in the United States, genomic engineering policy has been under the FDA’s jurisdiction. However, multiple institutional committees have reported guidelines on CRISPR policy, including transnational collaborations that also respect cultural contextual differences. The FDA and institutional guidelines share a common prescription to allow CRISPR editing for therapeutic purposes only and not for enhancement. Unfortunately, the very notions of therapy and enhancements are unclear, because they depend on one’s notion of nature and what normal means. Understanding of the baseline “normal” as a statistical average overcomes the need to unify various philosophical views on “nature”. Moreover, the medical statistical view of “normal”, “disease”, integrates personal safety issues with communal equity social justice considerations. In conclusion, regulations development of CRISPR editing requires not only additional scientific research but also a rethinking of the notion of “normal” in relation to equity and access.
Virtual screening : an overview

Abstract Recent advances in combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening have made it possible for chemists to synthesize large numbers of compounds. However, this is still a small percentage of the total number that could be synthesized. Virtual screening encompasses a variety of computational techniques that allow chemists to reduce a huge virtual library to a more manageable size. This review presents the current state of the art in virtual screening and discusses approaches that will allow the evaluation of larger numbers of compounds.
Maxillomandibular Advancement for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Produces Long-Term Horizontal Advancement of the Maxilla and Mandible.

Purpose Because limited data have been reported, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the long-term craniofacial cephalometric skeletal changes associated with maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective cephalometric cohort study of craniofacial skeletal changes in patients who had undergone MMA for OSA. The primary predictor and outcome variables were time and the change in SNB over time, respectively. Digitized cephalometric radiographs were analyzed by an independent third-party cloud-based tracing software for 6 skeletal landmarks at 3 points—preoperatively, within 1 month postoperatively, and at the last follow-up evaluation. Post hoc stratification bidimensional analyses by gender and preoperative age and body mass index (BMI) were performed. Clinically significant results were determined as a greater than 2% change from baseline. Univariate and bivariate statistics were computed, and the statistical significance level was set at P Results Thirty consecutive subjects with an even gender distribution were included in the present study. The average preoperative age, apnea hypopnea index, and BMI were 43.7 years, 59.8, and 39.3 kg/m2. The average follow-up duration was 10.7 years (range, 5.6 to 18.8). Statistically and clinically significant long-term postoperative changes were found only for SNA (+4.9° or +6.0%; P Conclusions Within the limitations of the present study, MMA for OSA produced statistically and clinically significant long-term cephalometric skeletal horizontal angular advancement of the maxilla and mandible of 6 and 4.9%, respectively, independently of gender, age, or BMI.
Unsupervised discovery of toxoplasma gondii motility phenotypes

Toxoplasma gondii is a parasitic protozoan that causes disseminated toxoplasmosis, a disease that afflicts roughly a third of the worlds population. Its virulence is predicated on its motility and ability to enter and exit nucleated cells; therefore, studies elucidating its mechanism of motility and in particular, its motility patterns in the context of its lytic cycle, are critical to the eventual development of therapeutic strategies. Here, we present an end-to-end computational pipeline for identifying T. gondii motility phenotypes in a completely unsupervised, data-driven way. We track the parasites before and after addition of extracellular Ca2+ to study its effects on the parasite motility patterns and use this information to parameterize the motion and group it according to similarity of spatiotemporal dynamics.
A Derivation of 3-D Error Propagation in Stereo Vision Tracking of Air Traffic used for the FAA Collision Risk Model

This paper presents a novel study of deterministic error propagation in a stereo vision tracking system implemented by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to produce accurate three-dimensional (3-D) flight tracks of aircraft during the visual approach segment of an instrument landing approach. The FAA is in the process of modernizing the National Airspace System (NAS) in the United States with the Next Generation Air Transport System (NextGen) project. This involves updating the means of navigation, detection of air traffic and airway assignment in all phases of flight. The Collision Risk Model (CRM) is the fundamental constituent that tracks Time and Space Position Information (TSPI) data to assess the probability of collision within a given airspace. The CRM is used to determine the separation standards of airborne aircrafts in order to minimize the risk probabilities. This paper presents the derivation of a risk model used by the FAA while it mathematically formulates and analyzes the gaussian error propagation of the underlying stereo vision tracking based on the placement coordinates of the optical sensors at airport terminals.
Population and Development

In the preceding chapter, an effort was made to identify the links between various development perspectives and population growth. Doing so required a review of demographic-transition theory because this theory constituted the dominant demographic model employed to account for the role of development in reducing fertility. It was concluded that this model generated little specific explanatory power because it had nothing to say about causation and thus could not define a precise threshold of “modernization” that would readily identify a population in which fertility is ready to fall. Coale’s revision of transition theory identified three broad preconditions for sustained decline in marital fertility, namely, that fertility must be within the calculus of conscious choice, reduced fertility must be perceived as advantageous, and effective techniques of fertility reduction must be available. These may be preconditions for fertility decline, at least as pertains to the European experience, but the question remains as to what combinations of variables at specific levels result in the establishment of these preconditions and what levels or patterns of development are required for these preconditions to be sufficient as well as necessary to bring about fertility decline. Similarly, Caldwell’s restatement of transition theory makes a convincing case for the economic rationality of the large family in traditional culture as a powerful support for sustaining high fertility, but his thesis that “Westernization” ultimately destabilizes the conditions of high fertility is also vulnerable to the “threshold” problem, since it does not specify what degree of Westernization precipitates fertility decline. Moreover, conversion to the Western nuclear family is by no means a foregone conclusion, and in any case there is no evidence that such conversion would be sufficient to induce a substantial fertility decline.
Reputation Protocol for the Internet of Trust

Internet-based platform businesses outcompete traditional brick and mortar business on nearly all measures of comparison. Similarly, distributed ledger technology (DLT) businesses depend on the Internet and show a lot of promise in multiple business verticals. Yet, Internet-based platform businesses and DLT businesses have not reached their full potential. Multiple studies, data, and anecdotal evidence suggest that one core factor that undermines their evolution is the worldwide decreasing trust in the Internet and under-developed trust in decentralized technology solutions. Semada and the Semada Research Institute (SRI) believe that a decentralized reputation network can reverse that trend to increase trust in the Internet and increase decentralized technology adoption. We call this solution the Semada Internet of Trust—a network that uniquely captures real world information, context, and value in cryptographic transactions generating transparently validated consensus on truth. Through the creation of unconscious and conscious trust in decentralized networks adoption becomes a desirable outcome and increases. Semada is a unique blockchain platform well suited for the decentralized web. Semada’s core architecture continually resolves the blockchain trilemma by combining: (i) decentralization; (ii) scale, and; (iii) security. Semada’s version of proof-of-stake—a.k.a. the Anchor Protocol—is a unique consensus algorithm that enables block propagation through reputation staking and verification. Through its Sockpuppet Protocol, Semada is resilient to deceptive fake Internet identities, so-called sockpuppet accounts, and 51% attacks. Through its Persona Protocol, Semada facilitates digital sovereignty, self-sovereign identity, privacy, security and decentralized reputation. Trust enabling reputation can only be earned over time on the Semada network. The Semada Internet of Trust creates a framework of trust through reputation and incentive optimization that enables market conditions for unprecedented business models and market capitalization while reducing adverse selection and moral hazards for transacting parties. The network will provide information symmetry while reducing transaction costs for market participants. Businesses will leverage the platform to achieve efficiencies across verticals.
Efficient Model-Data Integration for Flexible Modeling, Parameter Analysis and Visualization, and Data Management

Due to the complexity and heterogeneity inherent to the hydrologic cycle, the modeling of physical water processes has historically and inevitably been characterized by a broad spectrum of disciplines including data management, visualization, and statistical analyses. This is further complicated by the sub-disciplines within the water science community, where specific aspects of water processes are modeled independently with simplification and model boundary integration receiving little attention. This can hinder current and future research efforts to understand, explore, and advance water science. We developed the Virtual Watershed Platform to improve understanding of hydrologic processes and more generally streamline model-data integration and data integration with tools for data visualization, analysis, and management. Currently, four models have been developed as components and integrated into the overall platform, demonstrating data prepossessing (e.g. sub gridding), data interaction, model execution, and visualization capabilities. The developed data management technologies provide a suite of capabilities, enabling diverse computation capabilities, data storage capacity, connectivity, and accessibility. The developed Virtual Watershed Platform explored the use of virtual reality and 3d visualization for scientific experimentation and learning, provided web services for the transfer of data between models and centralized data storage, enabled the statistical distribution of hydrometeorological model input, and coupled models using multiple methods, both to each other and to a distributed data management and visualization system.
Cryo-EM reveals the dynamic interplay between mitochondrial Hsp90 and SdhB folding intermediates

Abstract TRAP1 is a mitochondrion specific Hsp90, a ubiquitous chaperone family that mediates the folding and maturation of hundreds of “client” proteins. Through the interaction with client proteins, TRAP1 regulates mitochondrial protein homeostasis, oxidative phosphorylation/glycolysis balance, and plays a critical role in mitochondrial dynamics and disease. However, the molecular mechanism of client protein recognition and remodeling by TRAP1 remains elusive. Here we established the succinate dehydrogenase B subunit (SdhB) from mitochondrial complex II as a client protein for TRAP1 amenable to detailed biochemical and structural investigation. SdhB accelerates the rate of TRAP1 dimer closure and ATP hydrolysis by 5-fold. Cryo-EM structures of the TRAP1:SdhB complex show TRAP1 stabilizes SdhB folding intermediates by trapping an SdhB segment in the TRAP1 lumen. Unexpectedly, client protein binding induces an asymmetric to symmetric transition in the TRAP1 closed state. Our results highlight a client binding mechanism conserved throughout Hsp90s that transcends the need for cochaperones and provide molecular insights into how TRAP1 modulates protein folding within mitochondria. Our structures also suggest a potential role for TRAP1 in Fe-S cluster biogenesis and mitochondrial protein import and will guide small molecule development for therapeutic intervention in specific TRAP1 client interactions.
An Experiment to Verify the Current Dependence of Ampère's Law for a “Long” Straight Current-Carrying Conductor

A simple experiment is described to verify the current dependence of Ampere's law for a long straight current-carrying conductor. A narrow and long rectangular multi-loop design is used to increase the strength of the magnetic field in between the long sides. As expected, the magnetic field is found to be linearly proportional to the electric current. The current dependence of the magnetic field is used to determine the value of a fundamental constant—the permeability of free space—with acceptable experimental error. Theory predicts that the effect of narrow sides is only 2% for a width-to-length ratio of 0.2, hence smaller dimensions, down to 20 cm × 4 cm, can be employed conveniently for good results.
Wait Times in Pediatric Heart Transplant Candidates: Impact of Size and Blood Type Following the 2016 Allocation Policy Revision

Purpose To describe wait times for pediatric heart transplant (HT) candidates following new allocation policies in 2016. Methods The OPTN database was queried for pediatric HT candidates listed for HT between 7/2016 and 4/2019. Wait times were analyzed by listing status (1A, 1B, 2), blood type, and recipient weight. Candidates were analyzed by days spent at each listing status, classified as transplanted only in their final listing status, and censored in the analysis for any other statuses in which they spent time listed. Wait list outcomes were analyzed using a competing risk analysis and a proportional subdistribution hazards regression model was used to compare associations between predictors and outcomes. Results The study included 1,789 candidates listed for HT under the new allocation system. 65% underwent HT, 14% died or were removed for clinical deterioration, 8% were removed for other reasons including clinical improvement, and 13% were still waiting at the end of the study period. The majority of children were listed as status 1A at the time of HT (81%), while 16% were listed as status 1B and 2.6% were status 2 at the time of HT. Candidates Conclusion Wait times for pediatric HT candidates are highly variable, with listing status, size, and blood type contributing to wait time and likelihood of HT. Children less than 25 kg, particularly those who are blood type O, experience longer wait times and higher wait list mortality. Advanced heart failure therapies should be selected with these longer wait times in mind.
A Somatosensory Feedback System in 180nm CMOS

In this work, the first integrated somatosensory feedback system based on human body communication (HBC) is proposed to restore the sense of touch to a paralyzed hand by tactile sensing and neural stimulation. The proposed system (Fig. 1) includes a base unit (BU), which is located on the wrist and relays the measured force information from an implantable artificial mechanoreceptor (IAM, previously published [1]) located inside the palm or fingertip, to a brain stimulator device (BSD) performing event-driven stimulation. The interference-tolerant OOK RX within the BU achieves 71.2 dB self-interference rejection with an energy consumption of 36.4pJ/bit and an area of 0.065mm2. The 0.17mm2 FSK RX within the BSD achieves an energy consumption of 60pJ/bit with an FSK level difference of 2.2MHz (allowing for higher coil quality factor).
Predictors of 30-day readmission rate after total gastrectomy in patients with gastric malignancy.

e16109Background: Total gastrectomy with lymph node dissection is curative for early gastric malignancy which accounts for 1.5% of cancer cases in the U.S. Readmissions are common postoperatively, ...
Employer-Sponsored Student Debt Repayment

This study investigates the welfare implications of allowing workers the option to dedicate their employer-sponsored retirement benefits to the repayment of their student debt. Using a partial equilibrium model, I find that this policy allows for increased consumption while young, while reducing repayment time by approximately 4.5 years. I estimate that the value of this policy to the median male graduate from the 2016/17 Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal Study would be $7,401.60.
The Development and Validation of the Overparenting Scale – Short Form:

Rapidly growing evidence has shown the negative consequences of overparenting among offspring during emerging adulthood. Notwithstanding the proliferation of self-report measures that assess overpa...
Simulating "large" microwave circuits with the parallel Planar Generalized Yee algorithm

The Planar Generalized Yee (PGY) algorithm is presented for the full-wave analysis of "electrically-large" grounded co-planar (GCPW) circuits. The method has a significant advantage over traditional Yee-algorithm based finite-difference time domain (FDTD) methods in that it is based upon unstructured and irregular grids. The PGY algorithm has been efficiently implemented on massively parallel computers and is ideal for the rapid, broadband analysis of packaged, large, high-density circuits and multi-chip modules (MCM's). Simulation and measured results on several "electrically-large" circuit structures are presented.
Barrelhouse Words: A Blues Dialect Dictionary

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Stephen Calt Year: 2009 Pages: 320 Publisher: University of Illinois Press ISBN: 978-0-252-03347-6 (hard cover). Prices: $75.00 USD(hard cover).
Multiple input converters for fuel cells

Multilevel converters have been used previously to integrate several fuel cell modules for higher power applications. Some previous publications have also shown improvements in fuel cell utilization by exploiting the static characteristics of fuel cells, which show more than a 30% difference in the output voltage between no-load to full-load conditions. This paper first describes standard fuel cell power electronics interfaces, then reviews a few of the multi input systems and explores additional configurations.
Effects of water vapor anneal on MIS devices made of nitrided gate dielectrics

Silicon nitride and oxynitride films are known to possess a number of attractive properties over thermal SiO/sub 2/ as gate dielectric for Field-Effect Transistors (FETs), including better resistance to impurity diffusion and higher dielectric constant. However, their poor interface properties have prevented their use as a mainstream gate dielectric. Even in the case of nitrodized oxides where the nitrogen content is minute, the reduced peak transconductance for n-channel transistors is still a major concern for many applications, despite their much improved reliability. This paper shows that a modest annealing treatment in a steam furnace yields dramatic improvement of FET's transconductance as well as its current driveability for devices containing nitrided gate while preserving their excellent reliability. Only results on silicon nitride based MNS devices are included.
Multistage selection indices for maximum genetic gain and economic efficiency in red clover

Selection index updating, a method of multistage selection, allows breeders to determine the optimal truncation point of each stage so that the aggregate genetic gain (▵H) or the gain to cost ratio (▵H/C) is maximum. In this study, we demonstrated the use of selection index updating on selection of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). We determined the optimal selection schemes that optimized the balance between cost saving and lowered genetic gain in multistage selection. A total of 78 red clover half-sib families were evaluated for petiole length (PL), seedling vigor (Vig) measured at the seedling stage, and canopy height and individual plant dry weight recorded on initial growth (CH1 and DW1) and regrowth (CH2 and DW2). Alternative selection schemes with different number of stages, traits, and proportions selected at various stages were examined to maximize either ▵H or ▵H/C. Single stage index selection had a greater predicted genetic gain than multistage selection, but it was also associated with higher costs. Early culling at the seedling stage resulted in significant cost savings and increased gain to cost ratio. The ratio was 9.857 or more with early culling and 3.062 or less without seedling selection. The most efficient selection programs consisted of PL, Vig, DW1, and DW2. Inclusion of CH1 and CH2 into the selection indices did not contribute to the increase of the total genetic gain, nor to the increase of the ratio.
Tutoría quirúrgica: una habilidad fundamental

Surgeons routinely share medical knowledge, surgical techniques, and medical judgment with junior colleagues in their everyday practice. Most information is ...
Developmental abnormalities and differential expression of genes induced in oil and dispersant exposed Menidia beryllina embryos

Exposure of fish embryos to relatively low concentrations of oil has been implicated in sub-lethal toxicity. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the exposure of Menidia beryllina embryos at 30-48h post-fertilization to the water accommodated fractions of oil (WAF, 200ppm, v/v), dispersants (20ppm, v/v, Corexit 9500 or 9527), and mixtures of oil and each of the dispersants to produce chemically enhanced water accommodated fractions (CEWAFs) over a 72-hour period. The polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and benzene, toluene, ethylene and xylene (BTEX) constituents of the 5X concentrated exposure solutions (control, WAF, dispersants and CEWAFs) were determined and those of the 1× exposures were derived using a dilution factor. PAH, BTEX and low molecular weight PAH constituents greater than 1ppb were observed in WAF and the dispersants, but at much higher levels in CEWAFs. The WAF and CEWAFs post-weathering were diluted at 1:5 (200ml WAF/CEWAF: 800ml 25ppt saltwater) for embryo exposures. Mortality, heartbeat, embryo normalcy, abnormality types and severities were recorded. The qPCR assay was used to quantify abundances of transcripts of target genes for sexual differentiation and sex determination (StAR, dmrt-1, amh, cyp19b, vtg and chg-L,), growth regulation (ghr) and stress response (cyp1a and Hsp90); and gapdh served as the housekeeping gene. Temperature was 21±1.5°C throughout the experimental period, while mortality was low and not significantly different (p=0.68) among treatments. Heartbeat was significantly different (0.0034) with the lowest heartbeats recorded in Corexit 9500 (67.5beats/min) and 9527 (67.1beats/min) exposed embryos compared with controls (82.7beats/min). Significantly more treated embryos were in a state of deterioration, with significantly more embryos presenting arrested tissue differentiation compared with controls (p=0.021). Exposure to WAF, dispersants and CEWAF induced aberrant expression of all the genes, with star, dmrt-1, ghr and hsp90 being significantly down-regulated in CEWAF and cyp19b in Corexit 9527. The cyp1a and cyp19b were significantly up-regulated in CEWAFs and WAF, respectively. The molecular endpoints were most sensitive, especially the expression of star, cyp19b, cyp1a, hsp90 and could therefore be used as early indicators of long term effects of Corexit 9500 and 9527 usage in oil spill management on M. beryllina, a valid sentinel for oil pollution events.
Development and application of GPS signal multipath simulator

[1] A ray tracing GPS signal multipath simulator which takes into account the signal reflection and diffraction from surrounding objects has been developed. By properly modeling the environment around an antenna and the GPS receiver's tracking loop, this simulator can assess the GPS signal multipath error. Thus, it can be used in the early design phase of an experiment to foretell hazardous environmental configurations that can cause severe multipath. It can also aid in finding the best antenna type, location, and orientation within a given environment, and provides a quantitative estimate of multipath errors on GPS measurements. The capability of the simulator is demonstrated by using the International Space Station (ISS) environment.
Effects of aspiration versus neurotoxic lesions of the amygdala on emotional responses in monkeys.

All previous reports describing alterations in emotional reactivity after amygdala damage in monkeys were based on aspiration or radiofrequency lesions which likely disrupted fibres of passage coursing to and from adjacent ventral and medial temporal cortical areas. To determine whether this associated indirect damage was responsible for some or all of the changes described earlier, we compared the changes induced by aspiration of the amygdala with those induced by fibre-sparing neurotoxic lesions. Four different stimuli, two with and two without a social component, were used to evaluate the expression of defence, aggression, submission and approach responses. In unoperated controls, defence and approach behaviours were elicited by all four stimuli, 'social' and inanimate alike, whereas aggression and submission responses occurred only in the presence of the two 'social' stimuli. Furthermore, all defence reactions were reduced with an attractive inanimate item, while freezing was selectively increased with an aversive one. Relative to controls, monkeys with neurotoxic amygdala lesions showed the same array of behavioural changes as those with aspiration lesions, i.e. reduced fear and aggression, increased submission, and excessive manual and oral exploration. Even partial neurotoxic lesions involving less than two-thirds of the amygdala significantly altered fear and manual exploration. These findings convincingly demonstrate that the amygdala is crucial for the normal regulation of emotions in monkeys. Nevertheless, because some of the symptoms observed after neurotoxic lesions were less marked than those seen after aspiration lesions, the emotional disorders described earlier after amygdalectomy in monkeys were likely exacerbated by the attendant fibre damage.
Solar Radio Pulsations

(Solar Phys.). Several models for pulsating type IV radio bursts are presented based on the assumption that the pulsations are the result of fluctuations in the synchrotron emission due to small variations in the magnetic field of the source. It is shown that a source that is optically thick at low frequencies due to synchrotron self absorption exhibits pulsations that occur in two bands situated on either side of the spectral peak. The pulsations in the two bands are 180° out of phase and the band of pulsations at the higher frequencies is the more intense. In contrast, a synchrotron source that is optically thin at all frequencies and whose low frequency emission is suppressed due to the Razin effect develops only a single band of pulsations around the frequency of maximum emission. However, the flux density associated with the later model would be too small to explain the more intense pulsations that have been observed unless the source area is considerably larger than presently seems reasonable.
Abstract 210: A Phase I Clinical Trial of Sildenafil for the Treatment of Cerebral Vasospasm Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Introduction: Animal studies have indicated that phosophodiesterase V (PDE-V) inhibition reduces cerebral vasospasm and improves outcomes following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Hypothesis: We hypothesize that sildenafil (an FDA-approved PDE-V inhibitor) is safe when given to patients with aneurysmal SAH and improves cerebral vasospasm. Methods: A prospective, non-randomized proof-of-principle trial using a two-phase dose escalation scheme was implemented. Patients with SAH underwent day-7 screening angiography to assess for vasospasm. In phase I, those with moderate to severe vasospasm were given 10mg (low dose) of intravenous sildenafil, followed by repeat angiography 30 mins after infusion. In phase II, patients with any degree of vasospasm were given 30mg (high dose) of sildenafil, followed by repeat angiography. Safety was assessed by analyzing vital signs, intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring neurological status, and observing for the development of adverse reactions attributable to sildenafil. T...
Membrane-Associated NAD-Dependent Isocitrate Dehydrogenase in Potato Mitochondria

The oxidation isotherms for citrate and isocitrate by potato (Solanum tuberosum var. Russet Burbank) mitochondria in the presence of NAD differ markedly. Citrate oxidation shows positively cooperative kinetics with a sigmoid isotherm, whereas isocitrate oxidation shows Michaelis-Menten kinetics at concentrations up to 3 millimolar, and cooperative kinetics thereafter up to 30 millimolar. In the absence of exogenous NAD, the isocitrate isotherm is sigmoid throughout. The dual isotherm for isocitrate oxidation in the presence of exogenous NAD reflects the operation of two forms of isocitrate dehydrogenase, one in the matrix and one associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. Whereas in intact mitochondria the activity of the membrane-bound enzyme is insensitive to rotenone, and to butylmalonate, an inhibitor of organic acid transport, isocitrate oxidation by the soluble matrix enzyme is inhibited by both. The membrane-bound isocitrate dehydrogenase does not operate through the NADH dehydrogenase on the outer face of the inner mitochondrial membrane, and is thus considered to face inward. The regulatory potential of isocitrate dehydrogenase in potato mitochondria may be realized by the apportionment of the enzyme between its soluble and bound forms.
Emerging themes in RNA folding

RNAs, like proteins, readily form specific structures adapted for ligand binding and catalysis. Since they are composed of completely different chemical building blocks, however, RNAs and proteins necessarily use distinct strategies to assemble complex architectures. While burial of hydrophobic residues drives protein folding, the hydrophobic effect in RNA contributes primarily to the formation of secondary structure. To form tertiary structure, RNA must overcome electrostatic repulsions from the phosphate backbone. How do negatively charged double helices pack together to produce catalytic centers and ligand binding surfaces? Here, we review our understanding of the principles that underlie RNA folding based on the structural information currently available.
Subgroups of smokers with different success rates after use of transdermal nicotine.

To identify subgroups of smokers with different success rates, we applied tree-structured survival analysis (TSSA) to data from a previously published trial of transdermal nicotine. The subjects who received active treatment (14 mg patch, n = 275, or the 21 mg patch, n = 262) constituted the sample for this analysis. Using age, gender, the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ), motivation to quit, number of cigarettes smoked at baseline, and body mass index (BMI) as classification variables, TSSA identified two subgroups within the 14 mg patch group and four subgroups of smokers within the 21 mg patch group. Among those receiving the 14 mg patch, individuals with a BMI greater than 26.4 kg/m 2 relapsed sooner than did those with a BMI less than or equal to this value. Within the 21 mg patch group, the survival curve for males was significantly different from that observed in females, with males experiencing a longer time to relapse after treatment than did females. Among males, those who were less dependent relapsed significantly later than did those men who were more dependent. Among females, those with a higher motivation to quit relapsed more slowly than did those women with less motivation to quit. This information may be helpful to clinicians seeking to match specific patients to specific treatments with transdermal nicotine in order to maximize treatment outcomes.