cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic Regulation of the Metabolism of Phosphoenolpyruvate in Tetrahymena pyriformis

Abstract The enzymes of phosphoenolpyruvate metabolism, i.e. P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase, P-enolpyruvate carboxylase, and pyruvate kinase, have been compared in Tetrahymena pyriformis under growth conditions which favor either gluconeogenesis or glycolysis. The activity of the cytosol P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase is high in glucose-free and low in glucose-supplemented medium, while there is no change in activity of the mitochondrial enzyme. The chromatographic separation of the cytosol and mitochondrial enzymes on DEAE-Sephadex and Sephadex G-200 indicate that they are isozymes with distinct molecular properties. Both P-enolpyruvate carboxylase and pyruvate kinase activities are higher in glucose-supplemented medium. Distribution studies indicate an exclusive mitochondrial location for P-enolpyruvate carboxylase and cytosol location for pyruvate kinase. The peroxisomal enzymes, isocitrate lyase, malate synthetase, and lactic acid oxidase, as well as the cytosol P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase, adapt to changes in aeration as well as to glucose supplementation of the culture. Certain important enzymatic similarities as well as differences were observed between Tetrahymena and other organisms, including mammals.
“Big Questions” in the Introductory Religion Classroom: Expanding the Integrative Approach

Recent research by Barbara Walvoord suggests a perceived disparity between faculty learning objectives and students' desire to engage “big questions” in the introductory religion classroom. Faculty opinions of such questions are varied, ranging from a refusal to employ any approach that diverts attention away from critical thinking, to a willingness to integrate personal questions of meaning and purpose into the introductory religion course. This essay argues that, in light of work currently being done by such developmental theorists as Sharon Daloz Parks and Marcia Baxter Magolda, the integrative approach has much to commend it. It concludes with suggestions for how religion faculty can expand this approach through learning covenants, service learning, and seeing the religion classroom as a gateway to various mentoring communities on campus.
Generalized syntheses of tumor targeted yolk/shell structured multifunctional nanosystems

60 Objectives To develop a generally applicable protocol for yolk/shell structured multifunctional nanosystems, to be used for tumor targeted PET image-guided drug delivery. Methods Upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP, with NIR-in-NIR-out upconversion luminescence) was used as the initial example. UCNP was first coated with a dense silica (dSiO2) shell, forming UCNP@dSiO2, followed by re-growth of a shell-thickness controllable mesoporous silica nanoshell (MSN) to form UCNP@dSiO2@MSN. A Na2CO3 etching protocol was then used to selectively etch away dSiO2, leaving behind yolk/shell structured nanoparticles denoted as UCNP@HMSN. A step-by-step surface engineering process was then adopted to conjugate (or label) NOTA, polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkers, TRC105 (an anti-CD105 antibody), and 64Cu to form 64Cu-UCNP@HMSN-PEG-TRC105. Both hydrophobic (i.e. Sunitinib) and hydrophilic (i.e. Doxorubicin) drugs could be loaded inside UCNP@HMSN. Systematic in vivo PET imaging and biodistribution studies were performed in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice to evaluate and confirm tumor targeting capability, validated by in vitro/ex vivo studies. Results TEM confirmed successful synthesis of UCNP@HMSN. By changing the "yolk" to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) or quantum dot (QD), we confirmed the general applicability of this protocol. In vitro CD105 targeting in HUVEC (CD105+) and MCF-7 (CD105-) cells showed strong/specific binding of FITC-conjugated UCNP@HMSN-PEG-TRC105 to CD105+ cells with negligible non-specific binding. In vivo tumor targeting and PET imaging demonstrated CD105-specific targeting of 64Cu-UCNP@HMSN-PEG-TRC105 in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, with peak tumor uptake of ~6.5 %ID/g at 6 h post-injection. CD105 specificity was confirmed by blocking and ex vivo histology studies. Conclusions We report the generalized syntheses of yolk/shell structured nanosystems for tumor targeted PET imaging and drug delivery. With UCNP, QD, SPION, or other nanocrystals inside each yolk/shell structure, this nanoplatform is highly versatile for future tumor targeted multimodality image-guided drug delivery.
Patients’ right to choose private medicine

Profit rather than need is a poor driver of clinical decision making and undoubtedly there is a potential conflict when charging a fee for medical or surgical services.1 I have therefore set myself the “NHS test” in my private practice: would I offer the same advice and treatment if I were seeing the same patient in the NHS? And this test …
Proteolysis of bacteriophage phi X174 prohead accessory protein gpB by Escherichia coli OmpT protease is not essential for phage maturation in vivo.

Abstract To examine whether cleavage of the phi X174 prohead accessory protein, gpB, by the OmpT protease is required for phage development in vivo, a phage mutant lacking the OmpT cleavage site and an Escherichia coli C delta ompT strain were constructed. The results of burst size experiments suggest that neither the cleavage site nor the OmpT protein is required for phi X174 development.
The Bright Side of Discretionary Accruals: Evidence from Finance and Innovation

We find cross-sectional evidence that a financially constrained firm with patentable innovation opportunities can use discretionary accruals to reveal information about the firm's prospects and facilitate its financing activities. Specifically, using firms with patents in the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) patent database, we find that among financially constrained firms, higher discretionary accruals are associated with more capital being raised, greater research and development (R&D) expenditures, more patents, more patent citations, and better operating performance in the future. These positive relationships are driven by firms that raise equity capital, especially those that raise equity capital from employees.
Changes in the methodology of pre-heart transplant human leukocyte antibody assessment: an analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing database.

Background We sought to investigate temporal trends in the methodology of human leukocyte antibody assessment in heart transplantation. Methods The United Network for Organ Sharing database was queried from June 2004 to March 2013 to obtain pre-heart transplantation human leukocyte antibody results. The % panel reactive antibody for class I and II antibodies was recorded along with the methodology of assessment. Allosensitization was defined as class I and/or II panel reactive antibody of ≥ 10%. The primary outcome measure was graft survival. Results During the study period, 12 858 patients with available data underwent heart transplantation. The prevalence of allosensitization increased, with 16.8% in 2005–2006 sensitized at the time of transplantation compared to 23.1% in 2010–2011 (p < 0.001); this occurred in conjunction with an increase in the utilization of flow cytometry (77.2% in 2005–2006; 97.0% in 2010–2011, p < 0.001). Using multivariable analysis, a positive pre-heart transplantation panel reactive antibody by flow cytometry independently predicted graft loss. Conclusions There has been a recent increase in flow cytometric assessment of human leukocyte antibodies prior to heart transplantation, which may be associated with an increase in the prevalence of pre-transplant patients being characterized as allosensitized. Flow cytometry may identify patients with the highest likelihood of graft loss.
Transformer design considerations for noncontinuous mode, boost, flyback converters

This paper presents some design considerations for small, flyback transformers used to charge energy storage capacitors from 0.1 to 5 kV from a low voltage DC source. The transformer has two roles: to act as an energy storage device, and to ratio the primary to secondary voltages. The stages in designing a transformer to fulfil these roles are described.
A wire feedthrough for drift chambers

Abstract A drift chamber wire feedthrough design employing crimped connections and compression springs for tension control is described.
The effect of feedback stimulus duration upon contextual fear and conditioned inhibition

Abstract Presentation of a stimulus following termination of an aversive US (i.e., feedback stimulus) is known to result in its acquisition of conditioned inhibitory properties, and also to reduce fear of the aversive context. In recent years, a variety of experiments including experimentation in our laboratory, have demonstrated a covariation in these two aspects of feedback stimuli. These studies have encouraged theories which account for the reduction of context fear via the conditioning of inhibition to the feedback stimulus (e.g., Mineka, Cook, & Miller, 1984 ; Rosellini, Warren, & DeCola, 1987) . The purpose of the present studies was to determine whether manipulations of variables which are expected to influence the amount of inhibition acquired by a feedback stimulus would also affect its ability to reduce fear to the context. In Experiment 1, we investigated the effect of feedback duration on the acquisition of conditioned inhibition by the feedback stimulus and on its ability to reduce fear of the aversive context, in a situation where the intershock interval was held constant across the different feedback duration conditions. Experiment 2 manipulated the duration of the feedback while holding the interval between stimulus termination and US onset constant across the different duration groups. The outcome of the inhibition tests suggested a positive relationship between stimulus duration and amount of conditioned inhibition. The context fear test, however, showed a U-shaped function relating stimulus duration and amount of fear conditioned to the context. Thus, these studies demonstrate a dissociation of the conditioned inhibitory properties of the feedback stimulus and its effect on fear of the context. While such a dissociation is inconsistent with a variety of theories which have been proposed to account for the effect of feedback stimuli on context fear, they appear most amenable to a modified form of Wagner's (1981) SOP theory.
Diffusion tensor imaging study of the response to constraint-induced movement therapy of children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy and adults with chronic stroke.

Abstract Objective To investigate the relationship of white matter integrity and path of the corticospinal tract (CST) on arm function before and after constraint-induced (CI) movement therapy in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy (CP) and adults with chronic stroke. Design Study 1 used a multiple-baseline pre-post design. Study 2 was a randomized controlled trial. Setting Outpatient rehabilitation laboratory. Participants Study 1 included children with hemiparetic CP (n=10; mean age ± SD, 3.2±1.7y). Study 2 included adults with chronic stroke (n=26; mean age ± SD, 65.4±13.6y) who received either CI therapy or a comparison therapy. Interventions Children in study 1 received CI therapy for 3.5h/d for 15 consecutive weekdays. Adults in study 2 received either CI therapy or a comparison therapy for 3.5h/d for 10 consecutive weekdays. Main Outcome Measures Diffusion tensor imaging was performed to quantify white matter integrity. Motor ability was assessed in children using the Pediatric Motor Activity Log–Revised and Pediatric Arm Function Test, and in adults with the Motor Activity Log and Wolf Motor Function Test. Results Participants in both studies improved in real-world arm function and motor capacity. Children and adults with disrupted/displaced CSTs and children with reduced fractional anisotropy values were worse on pretreatment tests of motor function than participants with unaltered CSTs. However, neither integrity (fractional anisotropy) nor distorted or disrupted path of the CST affected motor improvement after treatment. Conclusions Participants who had reduced integrity, displacement, or interruption of their CST performed worse on pretreatment motor testing. However, this had no effect on their ability to benefit from CI therapy. The results for children and adults are consistent with one another.
Confronting Sex in the Media: Implications and Counseling Recommendations.

The media greatly influences the sexual development of our youth and impacts society on a macro level. The messages that the media sends to our youth are contradictory to what families and professionals, such as educators and counselors, attempt to instill in our youth. This article addresses the urgent need for parents, educators, and counselors to address the messages ingrained in the media about sex and sexuality through the use of accurate media representation, the development of media literacy among youth, and open communication between youth and adults.
Signaling through CD40 enhances cytotoxic T lymphocyte generation by CD8+ T cells from mice bearing large tumors.

Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of CD40/CD154 (CD40L) interactions for the generation of cell-mediated antitumor immune responses. Here we show that signaling via CD40 (through the use of the activating anti-CD40 mAb, 1C10) can actually promote the in vitro generation of CTL activity by CD8+ splenic T cells from mice bearing a large MOPC-315 tumor. Anti-CD40 mAb had to be added at the initiation of the stimulation cultures of tumor-bearing splenic cells in order to realize fully its potentiating activity for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) generation, suggesting that signaling through CD40 is important at the inductive stage of antitumor cytotoxicity. Moreover, anti-CD40 mAb was found to enhance the expression of the B7-2 (CD86) and, to a lesser extent, the B7-1 (CD80) costimulatory molecules on B220+ cells (i.e., B cells), and B7-2 and, to a lesser extent, B7-1 molecules played an important role in the potentiating effect of anti-CD40 mAb for CTL generation by tumor-bearer splenic cells. Furthermore, B220+ cells were found to be essential for the potentiating effect of anti-CD40 mAb, as depletion of B220+ cells at the inductive stage completely abrogated the ability of anti-CD40 mAb to enhance CTL generation. Thus, signaling through CD40 enhances CTL generation by CD8+ T cells from tumor-bearing mice by a mechanism that involves the up-regulation of B7-2 and, to a lesser extent, B7-1 expression on B220+ cells.
Pulsed Field Gradient NMR Spectroscopy: Applications in Determining the Pressure Viscosity Coefficient and Low-Temperature Flow Properties of Lubricant Base Oils

The pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR technique was employed to measure the self-diffusion coefficients (D) of hydrocarbon lubricant base fluids under ambient pressure conditions. This parameter was then related to various rheological properties, including the kinematic viscosity and the pressure viscosity coefficient (PVC). The results demonstrate that D varies inversely with the fluid viscosity and PVC. This relationship was then used to predict PVC from D for a series of compositionally diverse base oils, providing an R2 value of 0.86. PFG NMR spectroscopy was also used to study the molecular dynamics of the liquid−solid transitions of the oils at low temperatures ranging from +40 to −40 °C. The self-diffusion coefficient decreased linearly with decreasing temperature to 0 °C and then “leveled off” at lower temperatures. This observation can be explained, using spatially heterogeneous dynamics and other mechanistic models, by the onset of wax crystallization.
Brief paper: Discrete time adaptive control of linear systems with preload nonlinearity

In this note a method is presented for doing discrete time adaptive control of a nonlinear system which is given by a cascade connection of a preload nonlinearity followed by a linear system. It is shown that the algorithm will ensure that the closed loop system is globally convergent with a specific residue and stable for both the deterministic and stochastic cases.
Analysis of marine biogenic sulfur compounds using Raman spectroscopy: dimethyl sulfide and methane sulfonic acid

Biogenic sulfur compounds, such as dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl sulfoniopropionate (DMSP), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and methane sulfonic acid (MSA), are important components of the global sulfur cycle and, as contributors to the formation of non-anthropogenic aerosols, impact global climate. In general, these chemicals are found in the marine environment in extremely low concentrations (nM), but under certain circumstances, e.g. intracellular accumulations and inclusions in glacial ice, they can be found with concentration orders of higher magnitude (µM or greater). Current analytical methods, which are designed to measure concentrations in the nM range, do so by sacrificing detailed knowledge of the chemical environment and spatial distribution of these compounds. An alternative approach to the quantitative measurement of biogenic sulfur compounds directly (i.e. without pre-processing) has been investigated in de-ionized water and artificial seawater. The detection limits for the measurement of DMSO and MSA using Raman spectroscopy with both visible and UV excitation have been measured. For DMSO, a sensitivity of < 10 mM has been determined. For MSA, concentrations as low as 3 mM can be detected. It has been determined that, for aqueous solutions, the use of water as an internal standard for quantitative measurement appears to be adequate for measurement with high linearity over several decades of concentration. For DMSO and MSA, the measured sensitivities for quantitative Raman detection are adequate to address important issues in the biogeochemistry of these compounds. Moreover, for MSA it was determined that, based on measured band positions, previous studies of MSA in glacial ice have incorrectly attributed the species to solid salt rather than the, more likely, free ion in concentrated aqueous solution. In addition to sensitivity measurements, resonance/pre-resonance enhancement of the Raman spectrum of DMSO and MSA, respectively, has been found with 248 nm excitation. Finally, the previously unreported Raman spectrum of Mg(MSA)2 has been measured. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Hopf-like invariant for mappings between odd-dimensional manifolds☆

We seek local criteria for determining when a mapping ƒ between (2k+1)-dimensional manifolds is e-homotopic to a spine map (i.e., a map wich shrinks finitely many spines of connected summands to points). Assuming each point-inverse of ƒ is (k−1)-connected, we define an invariant d(ƒ) in terms of local data; d(ƒ) can take on non-negative integer values (or+∞). d(ƒ)=0 is necessary and sufficient that ƒ be the composition of a spine map and a cellular map. When d(ƒ)⩾2, little can be deduced of a global nature, as examples of R.H. Bing show. The most interesting case is when d(ƒ)=1. Under this assumption, we show that there exist k-spheres in the domain manifold whose normal bundles have non-zero Stiefel-Whitney class wk; it follows from a theorem of J.F. Adams that k=1, 2, 4, or 8. Conversely, the Hopf fibration S2k−1→Sk can be used to construct examples with d(ƒ)=1. The proof hinges on symmetry of a linking invariant defined for disjoint k-cycles in the total space of a (k+1)-plane bundle ξ over a closed k-manifold. This linking is symmetric if and only if wk(ξ)=0.
Mitochondrial volume density of Schwann cells associated with rat vestibular ganglion cells.

The purpose of this study was to quantitate the mitochondrial volume density (MVD) within Schwann cells associated with vestibular ganglion cells in the female Wistar rat. Results show that this ty...
NRL FLEX radar signal-processing architecture: an update

The NRL FLEX processor architecture is designed for real-time radar signal processing and was described at last year's conference in the context of its original application, the Point Defense Demonstration Radar project at NRL. This paper describes the current status of the processor and the application of the same architecture to a new problem which requires a different board configuration to satisfy a different set of latency and data flow requirements.
Scattering of Waves by a Sedimentary Basin with a Corrugated Interface

Antiplane strain and plane strain models for scattering of harmonic waves by a sedimentary basin with corrugated interface is investigated using an indirect boundary integral equation method. The corrugated interface is generated by adding to a smooth semielliptical shape a sinusoidal variation of prescribed amplitude and period or a random perturbation. Surface response is simulated for incident plane harmonic SH, P, SV , and Rayleigh waves for different frequencies, depth of the reference basin, amplitude, and period of corrugation. The results show that the presence of the corrugation may result in a significant reduction of peak surface ground motion atop the basin when compared with the corresponding smooth basin response. This reduction depends on polarization and frequency of the incident wave, the fundamental shape of the basin, and the nature of the corrugation. Especially pronounced reduction of the corrugated basin response is observed for incident SV waves. In addition, it is shown that the presence of the corrugation will affect the fundamental frequency of the basin as well when compared with the corresponding smooth basin case. Therefore, the results presented clearly demonstrate that neglecting the interface irregularities in modeling the basin response may result in a significant overestimate of the surface ground motion.
Radiation for Restenosis Watchful Waiting

Na sarandisis” is an ancient Greek admonition, which loosely translated means, “When meeting someone you are attracted to, wait 40 days and 40 nights prior to making the commitment.” In the attempt to control restenosis, love at first sight has frequently led to disappointing and expensive outcomes. Endovascular radiation therapy to prevent restenosis has appeared very attractive, and Teirstein et al, in this issue of Circulation ,1 have contributed some of the “na sarandisis.” Endovascular radiation therapy has been shown by preclinical evaluation to have an effect not previously seen with other agents. From this experience, we have learned several things regarding the nature of restenosis. Initially we were taught that restenosis was primarily a proliferation of smooth muscle cells creating an endoluminal narrowing. Later it was suggested that a major component of restenosis was “negative remodeling” of the artery. Another paradigm suggested that a space-occupying thrombus was necessary for restenosis to occur and that it was subsequently replaced by in-growth of smooth muscle cells. These concepts all led to different approaches to suppress the restenotic process. The success of endovascular radiation therapy to control arterial renarrowing in preclinical models2 3 4 5 6 has strongly supported the concept of restenosis as primarily a wound-healing phenomenon. Serial experimental observations with animal models of balloon-overstretch angioplasty and endovascular radiation therapy failed to show bulky thrombotic lesions, although luminal platelet and fibrin deposition was common.4 Endoluminal neointima formation was dramatically inhibited, and the chronic contracture of arteries was suppressed and sometimes reversed, probably owing to an effect on periadventitial fibroblastic scar formation. Whether smooth muscle cells of the media, fibroblasts, or monocytes, as recently suggested by Rubin et al,7 are the principal cell types responsible for initiating this process, radiation delivered just after injury dramatically inhibits this process …
Microbiological cure times in acanthamoeba keratitis

The purpose of this study was to estimate the duration of treatment necessary for sequential acanthamoeba laboratory tests from corneal scrapings to become negative, and to assess predictors that affect this duration period. We included all patients with at least one positive acanthamoeba culture or Giemsa stain at the F.I. Proctor Foundation Microbiology Laboratory from 1996 to 2009. A parametric survival analysis was performed among patients with repeat cultures to assess significant predictors for extended clearance time. Simulations were performed to estimate clearance time in the entire patient population, assuming imperfect sensitivity. Thirty-seven patients with laboratory evidence of acanthamoeba had testing at 69 time points. The median clearance time among eyes with repeat cultures was 42.5 days (interquartile range (IQR) 22.0–82.0 days; unadjusted parametric model). Initial visual acuity was the only predictor significantly associated with clearance time in univariate analyses (P<0.0001). Using initial visual acuity as a predictor for clearance time among the entire patient population, the estimated clearance time decreased to 38.7 days (95% confidence interval (CI) 27.9–53.5 days). When the imperfect sensitivity of the culture technique was also taken into account, the estimated clearance time was 44.1 days (95% CI 31.9–61.0 days). The duration of infection with acanthamoeba keratitis undergoing treatment has not been well characterized. In this report we estimate a median clearance time of approximately 6 weeks, with an IQR of 22–82 days.
TH-C-L100F-10: Monte Carlo Coupled Modeling of a Computed Radiography System

Purpose: To develop a model that allows for understanding the physical properties and the effect of readout parameters on objective image quality metrics of a ‘flying spot’ computed radiography(CR)system.Method and Materials: A Monte Carlo simulation method [Fasbender et al., Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res A 512 (2003): 610–8] that describes the optical transport in a ‘flying spot’ readout was implemented by adapting the code of Jacques [Photochem Photobiol 67 (1998), 23–32]. This program was coupled with a ‘parallel‐cascades’ approach [Yao and Cunningham, Med Phys 28 (2000): 2020–38] to predict systemMTF and DQE. Grain size was assumed to follow a normal distribution in the imaging plate (IP) and granular noise was determined using the works of Nutting and Siedentopf. Additional assumptions include, orthogonal x‐ray incidence, no scatter, no glare, no defects in the IP, a constant discharge fraction, and a linear readout amplifier were assumed for a linear and wide‐sense stationary process. X‐ray spectra representative of radiography and mammography were used in the simulations. Published or estimated parameters that correspond to two common IPs were compiled from multiple sources. Results: For radiography with 0.2‐mm sampling, model results showed good agreement with published literature values for systemMTF (r>0.99) and moderate agreement for DQE (r = 0.75 to 0.99) over four orders of incident exposure (0.03 to 30‐mR). For mammography with 0.1‐mm sampling, model results showed good agreement with published literature values for systemMTF (r>0.99) and for DQE (r = 0.95 to 0.99) over two orders of incident exposure (∼1 to 100‐mR). Conclusion: The proposed model facilitates identifying factors that could improve CR performance. Accurate estimates of IP parameters and model improvements such as incorporation of Lubberts' effect could further improve model accuracy. Supported in part by NIH R01EB004015 and Georgia Cancer Coalition award.
Zero-field NMR study on a spin glass: iron-doped 2H-niobium diselenide

We describe a zero-field NMR study attempting to resolve the controversy between phase-transition theories and nonequilibrium glasslike theories of the spin-glass transition. The spin dynamics of Fe spins in $2H\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Nb}{\mathrm{Se}}_{2}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{x}$ is probed through its influence on the nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) of $^{93}\mathrm{Nb}$ nuclei. The spin-echo method is used. We measure intensity times temperature, ${T}_{1P}$ (spin-lattice relaxation parameter), and ${T}_{2}$ (spin-spin relaxation time) as a function of temperature. Our data reveal dramatic differences between non-spin-glass samples ($x=0, 0.25, 1, \mathrm{and} 5$ at.%) and spin-glass samples ($x=8, 10, \mathrm{and} 12$ at.%). Defining the spin-glass transition temperature ${T}_{g}$ by the cusp of the susceptibility-versus-temperature curve, we find well-defined minima at $T={T}_{g}$ in intensity times temperature, ${T}_{1P}$ and ${T}_{2}$ as a function of temperature. Deduction of a correlation time of Fe spins from ${T}_{1P}$ and ${T}_{2}$ is complicated by the intensity changes which imply that one observes different groups of nuclei at different temperatures. We propose a two-correlation-time model, which utilizes the anisotropy of the exchange interaction, to overcome this difficulty. All of our NQR results and the model calculation of the correlation times of Fe spins are best described by the phase-transition picture of spin-glasses.
Minimal disease detection in patients with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method

Background Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays that detect fusion genes resulting from consistent chromosomal translocations have been used to detect minimal residual disease, primarily in hematologic malignancies. Molecular assays have been developed recently that detect the PAX3-FKHR or PAX7-FKHR fusion transcript resulting from the t(2; 13) or t(1; 13) translocation consistently observed in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Because of the tumor's propensity to disseminate widely, our aim was to determine whether or not reverse transcriptase-PCR assays could detect submicroscopic disease in bone marrow or peripheral blood specimens. Methods We analyzed 19 bone marrow samples from 11 patients with a known gene fusion in their primary tumor. Specimens were collected at diagnosis, remission, and relapse. Fourteen peripheral blood samples were obtained serially from 5 of these patients. A reverse transcriptase-PCR assay was used to detect the presence of the PAX3-FKHR or PAX7-FKHR fusion transcript. These results were compared with the results of microscopic examination of the bone marrow. Medical records of all 11 patients were reviewed. Results Adequate amplifiable RNA was obtained in 17 of 19 marrow samples. The PCR assay detected fusion products in all 4 specimens obtained from 3 patients with histologic evidence of bone marrow involvement. In addition, PAX3-FKHR fusion products were detected in bone marrows from 2 patients for whom there was no histologic evidence of disease. The fusion transcripts were not detected in any of the peripheral blood samples. Conclusions The detection of submicroscopic disease is possible in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma patients using PCR. These assays may have a role in staging, monitoring therapy, purging protocols for autologous bone marrow transplantation, and post therapy follow-up. Larger prospective studies are needed to address the clinical relevance of these results.
Determination of the interwwining operators for holomorphically induced representations ofSU(p,q)

Soient X et Y deux representations holomorphiquement induites pour SU(p,q) avec les poids entiers les plus eleves. On donne des formules pour Hom(X,Y) quand le caractere infinitesimal de X et Y est entier et regulier
Total lipid production of the green alga nannochloropsis sp qii under different nitrogen regimes

The green alga Nannochloropsis sp. QII was cultivated in media with sufficient and growth-limiting levels of nitrogen (nitrate). Nitrogen deficiency promoted lipid synthesis yielding cells with lipids comprising 55% of the biomass. The major lipids were triacylglycerols (79%), polar lipids (9%) and hydrocarbons (2.5%). The polar lipids consisted of a broad range of phospholipids, glycolipids and sulfolipids. Other lipids identified were pigments, free fatty acids, saponifiable and unsaponifiable sterol derivatives, various glycerides, a family of alkyl-1, 4-dioxane derivatives and a series of alkyl- and hydroxy-alkyl-dimethyl-acetals. Experiments in which /sup 14/CO/sub 2/ was provided at different times in the growth cycle demonstrated that enhanced lipid biosynthesis at low nitrogen levels resulted principally from de novo CO/sub 2/ fixation.
Oaklisp: an object-oriented scheme with first class types

The Scheme papers demonstrated that lisp could be made simpler and more expressive by elevating functions to the level of first class objects. Oaklisp shows that a message based language can derive similar benefits from having first class types.
Dense calculi formation resulting in impaction of pancreatic stent

A 35-year-old male had pancreatic duct stenting using a 7 F single-pigtail 10-cm stent 11 years back for chronic pancreatitis. He was lost to follow up and presented recently with recurrent pain of 3 months duration. A computed tomography scan revealed a retained stent with dense calcification extending to side brancheswith the stent embeddedwithin the calculi, filling the entire length of the pancreatic duct (Fig. 1a). Attempts to retrieve the stent endoscopically using rat tooth forceps, biliary balloon, a Soehendra dilator, and a stent passed parallel to the stent to fragment the calculi failed due to dense impaction and friability of the stent. He underwent surgery. At operation, there were dense calculi in the pancreatic duct and side branches, and inseparable dense calcifications around the retained stent (Fig. 1b). The stent was completely occluded. The stent and calculi were removed, and he underwent lateral pancreatojejunostomy. Pancreatic duct stents, placed for various indications, are known to produce duct and parenchymal changes in 36 % to 50 % of cases [1]. Calcific intrapancreatic embedding of a pancreatic stent requiring surgical removal 10 years after initial deployment is reported [2]. To our knowledge, retrieval of a stent 11 years after the initial deployment has never been reported.
Naloxone attenuates incubated sucrose craving in rats

Rationale Cue-induced craving precedes drug relapse and contributes to eating disorders. Opiate antagonists have been demonstrated to be effective at reducing cravings for drugs and food. Craving, as defined as responding for a stimulus previously associated with a reward, increases, or incubates, over forced abstinence in an animal model of relapse.
A calibration-free, one-step method for quantitative photoacoustic tomography

Purpose : Recently reported quantitative photoacoustic tomography (PAT) has significantly expanded the utilities of PAT because it allows for recovery of tissue optical absorption coefficient which directly correlates with tissue physiological information. However, the recovery of optical absorption coefficient by the existing quantitative PAT approaches strongly depends on the accuracy of absorbed energy density distribution, and on the knowledge of accurate strength and distribution of incident light source. The purpose of this study is to develop a new algorithm for the reconstruction of optical absorption coefficient that does not depend on these initial parameters. Methods : Here the authors propose a novel one-step reconstruction approach that can directly recover optical absorption coefficient from photoacousticmeasurements along boundary domain. The authors validate the method using simulation and phantom experiments. Results : The authors have demonstrated experimental evidence that it is possible to directly recover optical absorption coefficient maps using boundary photoacousticmeasurements coupled with the photondiffusion equation in just one step. The authors found that the method described is able to quantitatively reconstruct absorbing objects with different sizes and optical contrast levels. Conclusions : Compared to the authors’ previous two-step methods, the reconstruction results obtained here show that the one-step scheme can significantly improve the accuracy of absorption coefficient recovery.
The POGO data.

During intervals in 1967-1970, the OGO-4 and 6 spacecraft made over 2000 traversals over the equatorial electrojet in the altitude range 400-800 km when local times were between 9 and 15 hr. These spacecraft carried total field magnetometers making measurements to an accuracy of 2 gammas with a sample rate greater than once a second. Delta-F values, the deviations of these observations from an internal reference model, were plotted for a 30 deg band about the Equator, and the characteristics of the electrojet effect in the data were investigated. This effect was characterized by a sharp negative V-signature of some 16-19 deg in width and a variable amplitude.
Exercise-induced modulation of pain in adults with and without painful diabetic neuropathy.

The purpose of this study was to examine exercise-induced pain modulation in diabetic adults with painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) compared to diabetic adults without PDN. Eighteen adults diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes with and without PDN (mean age of 49 yrs) completed two sessions. During the familiarization session, participants completed questionnaires, were familiarized with the pain testing protocols, and completed maximal isometric contractions. During the exercise session, experimental pain testing was completed before and following exercise consisting of three minutes of isometric exercise performed at 25% MVC. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and muscle pain (MP) were assessed every 30 seconds during exercise. Results indicated RPE and MP during exercise were significantly higher (p < 0.05) for diabetic adults with PDN vs diabetic adults without PDN. Diabetic adults with PDN did not experience changes in thermal pain ratings following exercise while diabetic adults without PDN reported significantly lower pain ratings following exercise. It is concluded that diabetic adults with PDN experienced high levels of muscle pain during exercise and a lack of exercise-induced hypoalgesia following exercise in comparison to diabetic adults without PDN who experienced lower levels of muscle pain during exercise and a hypoalgesic response following exercise.
A site of action of toxin from the anemone Condylactis gigantea

Abstract 1. 1. The site of action of toxin from the anemone Condylactis gigantea was investigated. The toxin was found to be active on crayfish nerve but not on muscle membrane. No evidence for a truly synaptic action was obtained. 2. 2. This toxin causes the motor axons to fire repetitively in high-frequency bursts or low-frequency trains. These trains can be triggered by brief electrical stimulation. They are reduced or eliminated by increasing calcium concentration. 3. 3. The spastic phase of paralysis is followed by a flaccid phase, partly attributable to neural conduction block.
Correction: Tobramycin Trade Names

Excerpt To the editor: In the recent paper on amikacin by Tally and co-workers (Ann Intern Med83:484-488, 1975) appears an error being made with increasing frequency in our medical center, and I am...
Commentary: Traditional Freudian and Kleinian Freudian analysis

(1994). Commentary: Traditional Freudian and Kleinian Freudian analysis. Psychoanalytic Inquiry: Vol. 14, Contemporary Kleinian Psychoanalysis, pp. 462-475.
Coherent stimulated Raman emission from a microcavity-excited optical resonator.

We report the observation of coherent emission from a planar Fabry–Perot resonator driven by a single, coherently emitting microcavity. The microcavity, either a liquid microdroplet or microcylinder, emits coherent stimulated Raman scattering when irradiated by an intense pump laser; the Raman light, in turn, couples to modes of the resonator. The spatiotemporal characteristics of resonator emission are strongly influenced by the microcavity source within; notably, a significant excess time delay in the emission of stimulated Raman scattering (i.e., compared with that of the microcavity in free space) accompanies the appearance of a sharp resonator spatial interference pattern. This and other noteworthy features are described, and a qualitative discussion of their significance is given.
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of penicillamine in whole blood, plasma, and urine

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of penicillamine in plasma, whole blood, and urine samples is described. The method uses a commercially available electrochemical detector at a potential of +0.1 V versus the Ag/AgCl reference electrode. This method is selective and sensitive for sulfhydryl compounds. The chromatography separates penicillamine from other endogenous sulfhydryl compounds with a limit of detection for penicillamine in biological samples of ca. 10−7M.
Life Satisfaction and Family Strengths of Older Couples

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between family interaction quality of married elderly and their offspring and life satisfaction of older persons. Information was obtained by means of mailed questionnaires completed by both spouses of 68 married, retired couples living in Georgia and North Carolina who were identified through churches, senior centers, and congregate housing units and through personal contacts. For the total sample, health status was the strongest predictor of life satisfaction followed by certain family strengths factors and job prestige, respectively. Males and females differed concerning which variables contributed most to explaining variance in life satisfaction. Variance in life satisfaction of males was best explained by job prestige, family strengths, and financial help given. Variance in life satisfaction of women was best explained by their perception of their health, family strengths, and job prestige.
Patterning of high Tc superconducting thin films on Si substrates

Interdiffusion and reaction at the interface between an YBaCuO film and a Si substrate degrade the superconductivity of the film. Using a buffer layer, the film-substrate interaction can be reduced. Thus, a superconducting thin film is formed on a silicon substrate. A new method of patterning superconducting thin films based on the Si-YBaCuO intermixing has been developed. On a silicon substrate, a thin layer of noble metal was first evaporated and patterned using photolithography. An YBaCuO film was then deposited by e-beam evaporation and annealed in a rapid thermal processing system. After a high temperature annealing, the patterned feature became superconducting separated by Si-YBaCuO intermixed areas. Superconducting micron-sized the structures with Tc of 73 K have been demonstrated. This patterning technique may be useful for making high-Tc superconducting interconnects and devices on a Si wafer.
Nietzsche and Political Science: The Problem of Politics

(1974). Nietzsche and Political Science: The Problem of Politics. Symposium: A Quarterly Journal in Modern Literatures: Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 74-85.
Stimulation of thyroid polydisperse nuclear RNA by thyrotropin.

While it is established that TSH stimulates RNA synthesis without significant increased uptake of labeled precursors into the free nucleotide pool of isolated thyroid cells and thyroid slices, the molecular species primarily affected by the hormone has not been established. Calf thyroid slices were incubated for two hours with TSH (0.25 µ/ml) followed by 3H-uridine pulses of 7, 15, and 30 mins. The nuclei were isolated by centrifugation through high molar sucrose solution followed by detergent wash. The RNA was extracted, digested with DNAase and further purified on G-50 Sephadex column. Identical amounts of RNA from TSH-stimulated and non-stimulated slices were fractionated on 2.5% polyacrylamide-0.25% ethylene diacrylate gels. The radioactive profiles of nuclei of TSHstimulated slices showed a relative increase in labeling of the high molecular weight rapidly labeled nuclear RNA. Short-time pulse experiments and sedimentation characteristics indicated a predominant stimulation of heterogeneous polydispe...
THE IMPACT OF STATE MENTAL HOSPITAL DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION ON COMMITMENTS FOR INCOMPETENCY TO STAND TRIAL

Previous studies have reported that state mental hospital deinstitutional-ization has resulted in the criminalization of the mentally ill. Utilizing two samples of defendants found incompetent to stand trial (IST) pre- and post-deinstitutionalization, selected from three states, this study examines the correlation between the rate of deinstitutionalization and increases in the frequency of incompetency commitments, as well as changes in the characteristics of incompetent defendants. These data suggest that increases in IST commitments and the mental health histories of the post-deinstitutional cohort are positively related to deinstitutionalization. Contrary to the criminalization hypothesis, there is no evidence that incompetent defendants are now being arrested for less serious offenses.
Intubated cutaneous ureterostomy: Option for high-risk patients needing supravesical urinary diversion

Failure of primary healing between ureter and skin has led to numerous complications and the virtual abandonment of cutaneous ureterostomy. When an indwelling double-J stent can be maintained, primary healing occurs and good ureterocutaneous anastomoses result. Ostomy training is only slightly more difficult than in patients with an ileal conduit urinary diversion and has presented no major problems. We now favor cutaneous ureterostomy in selected high-risk patients because of the lesser magnitude of this form of supravesical urinary diversion and, especially, because intubation has overcome most of the complications of this procedure.
Dielectric relaxation and conduction in SrTiO3 thin films under dc bias

The dielectric and conduction behavior of SrTiO3 thin films deposited on a SrTiO3 single-crystal substrate is studied. Without dc bias, an obvious dielectric “defect mode” in the dielectric loss is observed in the temperature range of ∼100–200 K; however, no noticeable corresponding dielectric constant peak is observed. By applying a high dc bias (⩾40 kV/cm), a dielectric constant peak with frequency dispersion appears in the same temperature range, the dielectric loss is increased, and simultaneously high dc conduction is observed. The induced dielectric constant peak is related to dc conduction and attributed to the coupling effect of the mobile carriers with the dielectric defect mode.
High Energy Neutrino Observatories: Status and Future

Enormous telescopes specifically designed to search for TeV-scale neutrinos from astrophysical sources are now being constructed in a variety of remote, underground locations around the world. These detectors are designed to have an effective area of sensitivity of more than 10,000 m 2 and cost as little as ∼$100/m 2 . An overview of the principle of operation is followed by a brief review of the status of each detector. In the long term, these telescopes may serve as engineering prototypes for a much larger observatory with kilometer dimensions.