cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proton Transfer in Ionic and Neutral Reverse Micelles

Proton-transfer kinetics in both ionic and neutral reverse micelles were studied by time-correlated single-photon counting investigations of the fluorescent photoacid 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (HPTS). Orientational dynamics of dissolved probe molecules in the water pools of the reverse micelles were also investigated by time-dependent fluorescence anisotropy measurements of MPTS, the methoxy derivative of HPTS. These experiments were compared to the same experiments in bulk water. It was found that in ionic reverse micelles (surfactant Aerosol OT, AOT), orientational motion (fluorescence anisotropy decay) of MPTS was relatively unhindered, consistent with MPTS being located in the water core of the reverse micelle away from the water–surfactant interface. In nonionic reverse micelles (surfactant Igepal CO-520, Igepal), however, orientational anisotropy displayed a slow multiexponential decay consistent with wobbling-in-a-cone behavior, indicating MPTS is located at the water–surfactant interface....
1253 Fa-Values in the Plic at Term Equivalent Age are Associated with Neurodevelopmental Outcome at Two Years Corrected Age

Microstructural changes in white matter (WM) can be detected by Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI). This study tests the hypothesis that Fractional Anisotropy (FA) in the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC), as measured directly on the FA-maps in preterm infants ATE is correlated to neuro-developmental outcome at two years corrected age. Methods MRI at term was performed in 66 preterm infants (GA Results FA-values in the left PLIC were correlated with cognition (r=0,435, p Conclusion FA-values measured by ROI-analysis ATE are significantly correlated with neurodevelopmental outcome at two years. This is in agreement with studies that used advanced post-processing techniques to measure diffusion parameters. These measurements in this study are easy to perform, reproducible and directly applicable on MRI data and therefore particularly eligible for use in clinical care.
Pumping unit dynamics analysis and its improvement

This paper mainly focuses on the fluctuation of velocity and torque of the electromotor because of the variational load in the pumping unit equipment.We take beam pumping unit CYJ10-3-53HB as an example to analyze,put forward its mathematical model and make program with computer from the dynamics point of view.Finnaly,we simulate the real movement of its electromotor and take a new measures to change its performance.
How Ethiopia Can Foster a Light Manufacturing Sector

Like other low-income countries, Ethiopia aspires to catch up and become a middle-income country. It covets a modern economy which can produce more than coffee and sesame seeds and offer its 85 million citizens better livelihoods. And this is no fantasy. Economic diversification from agriculture to manufacturing and services has happened elsewhere2 and not too long ago. This paper tries to understand what the Ethiopian government will have to do to bring it about.
Abstract 1344: Novel targeting all-in-one nanoporphyrin platform against bladder cancer

We have developed an extremely versatile and highly innovative theranostic nanoporphyrin (NP) platform for the integration of a broad range of clinical relevant imaging and therapeutic functions, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography, fluorescence optical tomography, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy and targeted drug delivery. NPs exhibit architecture-dependent fluorescence- and magnetic resonance- properties, which could significantly increase the sensitivity of optical imaging and MRI for tumor detection. We recently integrated the NP platform into our previously reported bladder cancer targeted nanoparticles that were coated with a bladder cancer-specific ligand named PLZ4, resulting in a novel bladder cancer targeting and multifunctional PLZ4-nanoporphyrin (PNP) platform. PNP selectively delivered photosensitizer and chemotherapy into bladder cancer cells 30-50 times more than to adjacent normal urothelial cells, compared to only 2-3 times with reported photosensitizer, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Photodynamic therapy with PNP generated reactive oxygen species was over 100 times more potent than 5-ALA in vitro. PNP-mediated intravesical photo-therapy completely eliminated orthotopic patient-derived bladder cancer xenografts (PDXs). Image-guided photodynamic and photothermal therapies synergized with targeted chemotherapy of doxorubicin and significantly prolonged overall survival of mice carrying PDXs. This uniquely engineered targeting PNP platform has tremendous potential to improve the management of bladder cancer in clinic. Citation Format: Yuanpei Li, Tzu-yin Lin, Chongxian Pan, Kit S. Lam. Novel targeting all-in-one nanoporphyrin platform against bladder cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1344.
The World Still Cries for Meaning: Are We Still Listening?

In The Unheard Cry for Meaning Dr. Viktor Frankl defined logotherapy as “meaning centered psychotherapy,” and “therapy through meaning.” In our postmodern age, the world is still struggling, perhaps more than ever, with meaninglessness, hopelessness, and existential emptiness. Logotherapy, as lived and taught by Dr. Frankl, still stands firm as a viable alternative to reductionism, depersonalization, and this pervasive existential vacuum. We who honor the life and legacy of Dr. Frankl have the ability to offer meaning, a sense of direction, and hope to people who are calling out for help. The world still cries for meaning! Are we still listening? How will we respond? (Frankl VE. The unheard cry for meaning. Simon & Schuster, 1978; Recollections: An autobiography. Basic Books, 2000).
Multi-label Chinese Microblog Emotion Classification via Convolutional Neural Network

Recently, analyzing people’s sentiments in microblogs has attracted more and more attentions from both academic and industrial communities. The traditional methods usually treat the sentiment analysis as a kind of single-label supervised learning problem that classifies the microblog according to sentiment orientation or single-labeled emotion. However, in fact multiple fine-grained emotions may be coexisting in just one tweet or even one sentence of the microblog. In this paper, we regard the emotion detection in microblogs as a multi-label classification problem. We leverage the skip-gram language model to learn distributed word representations as input features, and utilize a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based method to solve multi-label emotion classification problem in the Chinese microblog sentences without any manually designed features. Extensive experiments are conducted on two public short text datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms strong baselines by a large margin and achieves excellent performance in terms of multi-label classification metrics.
Improving Consumer Welfare and Manufacturer Profit via Government Subsidy Programs: Subsidizing Consumers or Manufacturers?

Most consumers in rural areas of many developing countries cannot afford to purchase certain livelihood improvement products such as home appliances. To improve consumer welfare and manufacturer profit, many governments launch different types of subsidy programs that offer subsidies to consumers, manufacturers, or both. Motivated by a subsidy program developed by the Chinese government in 2007, we present a parsimonious model to determine the optimal subsidy program in different settings so as to gain a better understanding about the conditions under which it is optimal for the government to subsidize consumers only, manufacturers only, or both. Our analysis reveals that the structure of the optimal subsidy program (i.e., subsidize consumers only, manufacturers only, or both) depends on: (a) whether there is a well-established market selling price for the products; and (b) the relative emphasis that the government places on consumer welfare versus manufacturer profit. Also, we find that government can improve consumer welfare by developing subsidy programs that involve multiple (competing) manufacturers with different market sizes. Moreover, when using an earmarked budget to develop a subsidy program that is intended to improve social welfare (manufacturer profit and consumer welfare), we find that it is more effective for the government to subsidize consumers only. Our findings provide insights for developing effective subsidy programs in developing countries.
FGF Signaling Prevents the Terminal Differentiation of Odontoblasts.

Members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family play essential and important roles in primary and reparative dentinogenesis, with conflicting results regarding their effects on odontoblast dif...
The Effects of Doctor-Patient Portal Use on Health Care Utilization Rates and Cost Savings

We investigate the use and effectiveness of a newly introduced doctor-patient portal for a primary care practice. Comparing users and non-users before and after active portal use shows cumulative decreases in office visits and telephone encounters of 30-percent and 32-percent, respectively, over a three year period, with a lower bound benefit to cost ratio of 5.7. Cost-savings for 2016-2018 with its substantially increased patient portal use are projected to be between 1.6 and 0.7 million dollars. The stability of the system given the free riding inherent in all but a small number of users paying for the service is discussed.
Sinc Quadratures for Cauchy Principal Value Integrals

Three types of SINC quadratures are surveyed for the evaluation of Cauchy principal value integrals ∫Γ F(t)dt/(t –x), x ∈ Γ, where Γ is an arc in the complex plane. Under suitable assumptions on F, the quadrature errors are of order , where N is the number of quadrature nodes and c is a positive constant independent of N. Special consideration is given to SINC quadratures for Cauchy principal value integrals over (—∞, ∞), (0, ∞), and (—1, 1).
A family of multiple integrals connected with relatives of the Dickman function

Abstract In this paper we present an asymptotic expansion for a family of multiple integrals connected with relatives of the Dickman function. The coefficients of this expansion have a similar arithmetic structure as those appearing in Soundararajan's work on an analogous expansion for the Dickman function.
Non-oscillatory and non-singular asymptotic solutions to stress fields at interface cracks

This work concerns the complex oscillatory singularities revealed in Williams's asymptotic solutions to stress fields around arbitrary interface cracks, which are the foundation of phenomenological interface fracture mechanics. First, we highlight the fatal discrepancy between the asymptotic stress fields for cracks in a homogeneous material obtained by assigning an identical material on both regions embracing an interface crack, and the solutions directly derived from cracks in a single material. Next, following a brief introduction to Williams's formulation process, we adopt the method of repeatedly eliminating variables instead of solving the determinant equation for the coefficient matrix to reformulate the asymptotic analysis of stress fields at arbitrary interface cracks. The resultant stresses get rid of oscillatory character. Further, under two specific loading conditions, namely, remotely uniaxial tension or shear, non-oscillatory and non-singular asymptotic solutions to stress fields around interface cracks are obtained.
Longitudinal Treatment Outcomes for an Interdisciplinary Pain Rehabilitation Program: Comparisons of Subjective and Objective Outcomes on the Basis of Opioid Use Status.

Abstract Chronic pain is a major public health concern, and widespread use of prescription opioids for chronic pain has contributed to the escalating problem of opioid use disorder. Interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs (IPRPs) can be highly effective in discontinuing opioids in patients with chronic pain while also improving functional status. This study sought to examine self-report and performance-based functional outcomes of 2 cohorts of patients enrolled in a 3-week IPRP: patients engaged in interdisciplinary pain treatment and physician-supervised opioid taper versus nonopioid users engaged in interdisciplinary treatment. Immediate and long-term treatment outcomes were assessed using a series of 2 (group: opioid use, no opioid use) × 2 (period: pretreatment, post-treatment) and 2 (group: opioid use, no opioid use) × 2 (period: pretreatment, 6 months post-treatment) mixed model analyses of variance. Group × Period interactions were nonsignificant whereas period effects were significant for all outcomes in directions indicating improvement (Ps Perspective This article provides support for the effectiveness of interdisciplinary, rehabilitative models of care in improving physical and emotional functioning of patients with chronic pain while simultaneously discontinuing opioid use. The reach of this work is substantial, because opioid dependency and chronic pain are public health problems in the United States.
Overview of IC Interconnects

For many years integrated circuit (IC) interconnect structures were relatively simple, as the main IC processing concern was fabrication of higher density transistors. During these initial two decades of IC development (early 60s to early 80s), the back-end-of-the-line (BEOL) interconnect structure was neither a performance limiter nor a manufacturing cost enhancer. As front-end-of-the-line (FEOL) technology improved with lithography and other advances allowing more-and-more transistors to be incorporated on an IC chip, the interconnect structure grew in fabrication complexity to become a significant component of manufacturing cost (mid 80s). Moreover, since the interconnect performance does not benefit from dimensional scaling as do the transistors in an IC, the interconnects became a performance factor in high speed digital ICs, due to the resistance-capacitance (R-C) delay.
Multiaxial Diagnostic Approaches

This chapter deals with diagnostic approaches in child psychiatry. The chapter begins with a discussion of why diagnostic classification is desirable and a summary of the basic principles of such classification. The goals and requirements of a classification system are outlined, and four types of classification systems (categorical, dimensional, uniaxial, and multiaxial) are explained. The type of multiaxial classification system used in DSM-III is explained, and two case histories of autistic children are provided to illustrate how such an approach is superior to a uniaxial system. Finally, some of the unresolved issues having to do with the DSM-III classification system are presented, and the relevance of these issues to the diagnosis and classification of autism is noted.
Fertilization in Bats

The process of reproduction among the exceedingly diverse and specialized group of flying mammals that comprise the order Chiroptera is remarkably variable in both anatomic and physiological characteristics. The ubiquitous distribution, almost worldwide, and varied habitat and niche selection of the some 847 known species (Koopman and Jones, 1970) have resulted in the expression of many different reproductive patterns, of which monestry, polyestry, asymmetry of female reproductive tract function, dyssynchrony between male primary and secondary sex organ function, long gestations, and delays in ovulation, implantation, or development are interesting aspects that have been described (see reviews in the Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Symposium 14, and the American Journal of Anatomy, volume 178).
Rethinking the Eurocentric gaze in narratives of urban modernity: the Shaykh, the Flâneur, and the orientalist in Takhlīṣ al-Ibrīz and ʿAlam al-Dīn

This paper situates two early nahḍāh texts, Takhlīṣ al- Ibrīz fī talkhīṣ Bārīz and ʿAlam al-Dīn in the canonical imaginary of urban modernity. The paper argues that Takhlīṣ and ʿAlam al-Dīn...
Computer Vision Technology for Identification of Snap Bean Crops Using Systemic Rhodamine B

Abstract. The paper describes the development of a novel seed treatment developed to create a machine-readable vegetable crop plant that together with a compatible robotic computer vision system that together can address current challenges that traditional computer vision and machine learning approaches face when attempting to detect and identify vegetable crop plants growing in fields with high weed densities and significant levels of foliage occlusion. A novel computer vision system was designed with a custom illumination system customized to excite the fluorescence properties of systemic Rhodamine B and image them in vivo. Study results, using snap beans at the model crop, show that the system can detect and allow visualization of the Rhodamine dye internal to the crop system in snap bean stems from stages of first leaf to multiple leaves. The research demonstrates that a Crop Signaling approach, using Rhodamine B can be used by a computer vision system to automatically discriminate weeds from snap bean crops.
OLICH: A reference library of DNA barcodes for Nordic lichens.

Background DNA barcodes are increasingly being used for species identification amongst the lichenised fungi. This paper presents a dataset aiming to provide an authoritative DNA barcode sequence library for a wide array of Nordic lichens. New information We present 1324 DNA barcode sequences (nrITS) for 507 species in 175 genera and 25 orders. Thirty-eight species are new to GenBank and, for 25 additional species, ITS sequences are here presented for the first time. The dataset covers 20-21% of the Nordic lichenised species. Barcode gap analyses are given and discussed for the three genera Cladonia, Ramalina and Umbilicaria. The new combination Bryobilimbia fissuriseda (Poelt) Timdal, Marthinsen & Rui is proposed for Mycobilimbia fissuriseda and Nordic material of the species, currently referred to as Pseudocyphellaria crocata and Psoroma tenue ssp. boreale, are shown to belong in Pseudocyphellaria citrina and Psoroma cinnamomeum, respectively.
Emergency department surge and overcrowding: An interdisciplinary solution for an institutional issue.

242Background: Emergency Department (ED) surges at MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) lead to overcrowding, safety risks, privacy concerns, staff burnout, and adverse events associated with delays i...
Disruptive Behavior in Siblings Discordant for Exposure to Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy: A Multi-rater Approach.

Introduction Maternal smoking during pregnancy (SDP) is associated with disruptive behavior. However, there is debate whether the SDP-disruptive behavior association is a potentially causal pathway or rather a spurious effect confounded by shared genetic and environmental factors. Methods The Missouri Mothers and Their Children Study (MO-MATCH) is a sibling comparison study that includes families (n=173) selected for sibling pairs (aged 7 to 16 years) discordant for SDP. Critically, the sibling comparison design is used to disentangle the effects of SDP from familial confounds on disruptive behavior. An SDP severity score was created for each child using a combination of SDP indicators (timing, duration, and amount of SDP). Multiple informants (parents and teachers) reported on disruptive behavior (i.e., DSM-IV semi-structured interview, the Child Behavior Checklist, and Teacher Report Form). Results The variability in disruptive behavior was primarily a function of within-family differences (66-100%). Consistent with prior genetically-informed approaches, the SDP-disruptive behavior association was primarily explained by familial confounds (genetic and environmental). However, when using a multi-rater approach (parents and teachers), results suggest a potentially causal effect of SDP on disruptive behavior (b=0.09, SE=0.04, P=0.03). The potentially causal effect of SDP remained significant in sensitivity analyses. Discussion These findings suggest that familial confounding likely plays a complex role in the SDP-disruptive behavior association when examining both parent and teacher reports of behavior. Importantly, the current study highlights the importance of multiple raters, reflecting a more comprehensive measure of complex behaviors (e.g., disruptive behavior) to examine the teratogenic effects of SDP. Implications Our study provides additional evidence that controlling for genetic and family factors is essential when examining the effect of SDP on later behavioral problems, as it explains a portion of the association between SDP and later behavioral problems. However, we found a significant association between SDP and disruptive behavior when using a multi-rater approach that capitalizes on both parent and teacher report, suggesting that parent and teacher ratings capture a unique perspective that is important to consider when examining SDP-behavior associations.
Generation of a Common Progenitor Population from Human Embryonic Stem Cells That Gives Rise to Both Embryonic Erythropoiesis and Definitive Hematopoiesis.

Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) provide a valuable new tool for dissecting the earliest developmental events of human hematopoietic-stem progenitor cell (HSPC) genesis. We have recently reported the efficient step-wise differentiation of hESC to embryonic (primitive) erythroid cells followed by definitive erythro-myeloid hematopoietic cells from human embryoid bodies (hEB). Hematopoiesis proceeds spontaneously from hEB-derived cells and appears to model the earliest events of embryonic and definitive hematopoiesis in a manner resembling human yolk sac development. We now extend our studies to define conditions which may favor differentiation into definitive hematopoietic cells from hEB. We previously demonstrated that hEB-derived primitive hematopoiesis requires fetal calf serum, but proceeds in the absence of supplemented recombinant growth factors to developing hEB’s. We now show that supplementing hEB differentiation cultures with a broad array of hematopoietic growth factors dramatically enhances the number of primitive erythroblasts, definitive myeloid, BFU-E, CFU-E, and multi-potent mixed colonies in methylcellulose CFC assays while not affecting the kinetics of hematopoietic differentiation. The inclusion of VEGF-165 during hEB differentiation was found to have an exceptionally potent effect in increasing the multilineage generation of both primitive and definitive hEB-derived hematopoietic cells. To further define the hEB-derived population which gives rise to primitive and definitive hematopoiesis we FACS-purified a population of CD45-CD31+CD34+ hEB cells which we and others have shown are capable of both endothelial and hematogenous differentiation. Co-culture of this purified population in serum-containing OP9 stromal layers gave rise primarily to definitive-type erythro-myeloid cells including mature beta-globin-expressing erythroid cells, neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, CD41+ megakaryocyte precursors, and CD56+ NK-like cells. Alternative culture of this purified CD45-CD31+CD34+ hEB population in serum-free, stromal-free cultures supplemented with erythropoietin and VEGF-165 produced an abundant population of embryonic (nucleated gamma, epsilon, zeta chain-hemoglobin-expressing) erythroblasts. To isolate a clonogenic, expandable human hemangioblastic progenitor of primitive and definitive hematopoieisis as well as endothelial cells in our system, we have prepared transgenic hESC lines expressing a GFP reporter cDNA under the hemato-endothelial regulatory sequences of the human genomic SCL/TAL1 locus. Our hESC model reveals, for the first time, the putative existence of a population of human hEB progenitors capable of both embryonic-type and definitive blood cells depending on the differentiation environment.
Gender and Right-Wing Authoritarianism in a Working-Class Case-Study

Objective: In this article we attempt to shed light on the changing attitudes American workers may have, specifically authoritarian personality characteristics, by reviewing the results obtained from our survey of 74 retired auto workers. Research Design & Methods: Part of our survey utilizes the Zakrisson short version of the Right-Wing Authoritarian scale and our interests are to provide any differences found between men and women. Also, we seek to test for the presence of authoritarianism as one aspect to understand the appeal of right-wing politics among the white working class. Findings: Our findings indicate that men and women are each no more or less likely to develop authoritarian personality characteristics. The differences by gender that we found in our case-study mirror the literature over the last several decades since empirical research began in 1950 – ambivalence. Implications/Recommendations: As a discontented citizenry searches for answers, by leaning more politically right or left will gender differences widen or converge due to the issues. Contribution/Value Added: Given the current social and economic climate in the United States we find this research study to be both timely and important. A conservative or liberal orientation by American workers may have important contributions for the direction the US takes not only on pressing economic and social issues at home but abroad as well.
Selective and invariant features of neural response surfaces measured with principal curvature

The responses of most visual cortical neurons are highly nonlinear functions of image stimuli. With the sparse coding network, a recurrent model of V1 computation, we apply techniques from differential geometry to these nonlinear responses and classify them as forms of selectivity or invariance. The selectivity and invariance of responses of individual neurons are quantified by measuring the principal curvatures of neural response surfaces in high-dimensional image space. An extended two-layer version of the network model that captures some properties of higher visual cortical areas is also characterized using this approach. We argue that this geometric view allows for the quantification of feature selectivity and invariance in network models in a way that provides insight into the computations necessary for object recognition.
“Place or Character” of a Business: Environmental Criminology and Negligent Security Litigation:

This paper describes the use and application of environmental criminology and social science methods in court cases involving allegations of negligent security. Negligent security is an area of pre...
Time Series Prediction and Pattern Recognition of Fault Decomposition Gas for High Voltage Composite Electrical Appliances Based on Grey System OBGM (1,N) Model

The GIL/GIS is widely used in the power system. The application of grey system to forecast and analyze the time series of gas decomposition and fault pattern recognition has good engineering value for its operation condition monitoring. Based on the programming of MATLAB software environment, time series prediction model based on grey system OBGM (1,N) is realized. Based on model, grey system time series analysis algorithm is applied to predict the time-varying sequence of the volume fraction of SF6 gas decomposition products and the characteristics of the partial discharge Atlas of the high-voltage combined electrical equipment GIL/GIS in fault state. Parametric time series, grey system is further applied to data mining and analysis of association rules of time series state change, and the time series set is applied to cluster analysis of typical fault types of high-voltage GIL/GIS power equipment. The grey time series prediction and grey relational clustering analysis of small sample test data can be carried out by using the grey system to analyze large data of high voltage GIL/GIS power equipment condition assessment. The multi-dimensional and the grey system information fusion technology proposed in this paper is especially suitable for the application of the small sample and the poor data in the high-voltage GIL/GIS power equipment operation condition detection technology. The time series prediction and the pattern recognition technology of the fault decomposition gas based on the grey system OBGM (1, N) model proposed can provide some technical support for the operation and maintenance of high voltage combinations. The characteristic parameters of partial discharge pattern and grey relational clustering analysis have the good engineering and the theoretical value.
Lack of efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in covid-19.

Studies in mild-to-moderate cases as well as severe disease leave us still searching for a magic pill
Multiple organ system damage in infants with intrauterine growth restriction and its management

The fetal period is the critical time in the development of various organs.The changes in the intrauterine growth environment can cause fetal and neonatal multiple organ system underdevelopment and damage, which is also closely related to the adult diseases, including nervous system damage(such as brain development disorders, functional abnormalities and cerebral palsy, etc.), cardiovascular system damage(such as coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, etc.), growth disorders and metabolic disorders(such as insulin resistance, type Ⅱ diabetes, obesity, growth and development disorders), urinary system damage(such as interstitial renal disease, renal hypertension, etc.), respiratory system damage(such as respiratory distress syndrome, bronchial dysplasia, etc.), etc.In this paper, we introduced this to help clinicians to understand and strengthen the intervention measures to improve the quality of life. Key words: Growth restriction; Fetus; Multiple organ damage; Clinical management
Systemic Embolization as the Initial Presentation of a Rare Cause of Infective Endocarditis.

Infective endocarditis is a rare disease and is associated with a high mortality rate. The following case describes a 56-year-old gentleman who presented to our hospital with a pulseless left leg concerning for acute limb ischemia, which was managed with emergent revascularization. His subsequent workup revealed IE due to a rare organism known as Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Through this case, we want to showcase this rare cause of IE and also highlight systemic embolization as its possible initial presentation.
A estrutura reguladora da Crítica e o progresso da história em Kant

Kant’s philosophy of history collects the legacy of the Enlightenment context and at the same time is an expression of the systematic structure of critical knowledge. Therefore, the reflection on history includes many themes ranging from moral freedom to the progress of culture and the realization of law, while providence and the nature’s project guide its course. History is thus fully integrated into the argumentative structure of the critical system. In this essay we intend to consider only the relationship between regulatory knowledge and historical progress. This immediately indicates the partiality of this perspective, which nevertheless allows us to highlight the centrality of three main features in the elaboration of the first Criticism, namely, ideality, scheme, history of reason. Recebido / Received: 6 de julho de 2020 / 6 July 2020Aceito / Accepted: 10 de julho de 2020 / 10 July 2020
Therapy of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults.

CHRONIC IDIOPATHIC thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by platelet destruction due to an antiplatelet autoantibody that results in platelet phagocytosis by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 It is a relatively common hematologic problem. Estimates of frequency vary. 4 The incidence of thrombocytopenia in a Swedish study in a 5-year period in a defined health care region was 4.5 males and 7.5 females in 100,000 (359 patients); 47% were due to “essential thrombocytopenia.” A lesser incidence of chronic ITP among thrombocytopenic patients has been noted by other investigators: 73 ITP in 500 (14.6%) and 65 ITP in 827 (7.9%). One group reported that 0.18% of 132,235 persons admitted to a hospital in 10 years had chronic ITP. Chronic ITP is uncommon in children and is most common in women in the third and fourth decade, with an overall ratio of males to females of 3 to 4/1.
Initial Outcomes Following Introduction of Percutaneous Arteriovenous Fistula Program with Comparison to Historical Surgically Created Fistulas.

Background Recently, there has been an abundance of encouraging data regarding the creation of percutaneous arteriovenous fistulas. Despite promising data regarding their clinical maturation, a paucity of data exists which provides direct comparison between percutaneously created AVFs (pAVF) and open surgically created AVFs (sAVF). This study has 2 primary objectives: First, to compare clinical outcomes of pAVFs to sAVFs, with emphasis on clinical maturation and frequency of postoperative interventions to facilitate maturation. Second, to contribute toward the evidence-based incorporation of the pAVF procedure into the hemodialysis access algorithm. Methods A single-center retrospective review was performed on all consecutive patients undergoing surgically created brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (BC-AVF, sAVF group) from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 and Ellipsys-created percutaneous arteriovenous fistula (pAVF group) from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019. Comparative analysis between groups was performed. Results A total of 24 patients underwent Ellipsys-created pAVF with mean age of 56.7 ± 22.6 years (12 males [50%], 12 females [50%]) and 62 patients underwent surgically created BC-AVF with mean age of 62.5 ± 13.2 years (32 males [52%], 30 females [48%]). Both the pAVF and sAVF groups had comparable mean operating times (60 ± 40 vs. 56 ± 25 min, P = 0.67) and frequency of procedural technical success (23 [96%] vs. 62 [100%], P = 0.28), respectively. The pAVF group had a lower clinical maturation rate (12 [52%] vs. 54 [87%], P = 0.003) and a higher primary failure rate (9 [39%] vs. 6 [10%], P = 0.003) when compared to the sAVF group. The pAVF group had an increased overall rate of undergoing a postoperative intervention (18 [78%] vs. 13 [21%], P Conclusions In our single-center retrospective review, patients undergoing Ellipsys-created pAVF in the first year following introduction of percutaneous endovascular had inferior rates of clinical maturation and underwent more postoperative interventions when compared to historical patients undergoing surgically created BC-AVF. Outcome discrepancies compared to previously reported Ellipsys data demonstrate a need for further studies examining the practical translatability of the pAVF.
Transcriptomes across fertilization and seed development in the water lily Nymphaea thermarum (Nymphaeales) reveal dynamic expression of DNA and histone methylation modifiers

Abstract Studies of gene expression during seed development have been performed for a growing collection of species from a phylogenetically broad sampling of flowering plants (angiosperms). However, attention has mostly been focused on crop species or a small number of ‘model’ systems. Information on gene expression during seed development is minimal for those angiosperm lineages whose origins predate the divergence of monocots and eudicots. In order to provide a new perspective on the early evolution of seed development in flowering plants, we sequenced transcriptomes of whole ovules and seeds from three key stages of reproductive development in the waterlily Nymphaea thermarum, an experimentally-tractable member of the Nymphaeales. We first explore general patterns of gene expression, beginning with mature ovules and continuing through fertilization into early- and mid-seed development. We then examine the expression of genes associated with DNA and histone methylation – processes known to be essential for development in distantly-related and structurally-divergent monocots and eudicots. Around 60% of transcripts putatively homologous to DNA and histone methylation modifiers are differentially expressed during seed development in N. thermarum, suggesting that the importance of dynamic epigenetic patterning during seed development dates to the earliest phases of angiosperm evolution. However, genes involved in establishing, maintaining, and removing methylation marks associated with genetic imprinting show a mix of conserved and unique expression patterns between N. thermarum and other flowering plants. Our data suggests that the regulation of imprinting has likely changed throughout angiosperm evolution, and furthermore identifies genes that merit further characterization in any angiosperm system.
Reinforcement Learning-based Feature Seleciton For Developing Pedagogically Effective Tutorial Dialogue Tactics.

Given the subtlety of tutorial tactics, identifying effective pedagogical tactical rules from human tutoring dialogues and implementing them for dialogue tutoring systems is not trivial. In this work, we used reinforcement learning (RL) to automatically derive pedagogical tutoring dialog tactics. Past research has shown that the choice of the features significantly affects the effectiveness of the learned tactics. We defined a total of 18 features which we classified into four types. First, we compared five feature selection methods and overall upper-bound method seems to be most efficient. Then we compared the four types of features and found that temporal situation and autonomy related features are significantly more relevant and effective to tutorial decisions than either performance or situation related features.
RCM‐E simulation of ion acceleration during an idealized plasma sheet bubble injection

[1] In this paper, we investigate the role of plasma sheet bubbles in the ion flux variations at geosynchronous orbit during substorm injections by using the Rice Convection Model with an equilibrated magnetic field model (RCM-E). The bubble is initiated in the near-Earth plasma sheet with a localized reduction in entropy parameter PV5/3 following a substorm growth phase. In the expansion phase, characteristic features of substorm injections are reproduced; that is, there is a prominent dispersionless flux increase for energetic protons (>40 keV) and a flux decrease for lower-energy protons near midnight geosynchronous orbit while there is dispersive flux enhancement near the dusk sector. We find that the injection boundary is well coincident with the earthward boundary of the bubble, inside which the depletion of plasma content causes the magnetic field dipolarization, and in return, the magnetic field collapse energizes particles and alters the drift paths dramatically. Our results also show that a high-PV5/3 island is pushed ahead of the fast earthward propagating bubble, and a dipolarization front forms between them. Within the high-PV5/3 island, the diamagnetic effect makes the plasma pressure increase and the strength of the magnetic field decrease to a local minimum. We suggest that plasma sheet bubbles are elementary vehicles of substorm time particle injections from the main plasma sheet to the inner magnetosphere.
Preventing Opioid-Related Deaths in Children Undergoing Surgery

Tonsillectomy is one of the most commonly done surgical procedures in children. There are many unreported deaths following tonsillectomy in children due to opioids. Genetic variations in liver microenzyme, CYP2D6, had been associated with some of the deaths. Opioids metabolized by CYP2D6 include codeine, tramadol, hydrocodone, and oxycodone. Ultrarapid metabolizers and some extensive metabolizers of CYP2D6 relatively produce more active opioid metabolites resulting in life-threatening adverse effects, especially in young children. Young and obese children with history of sleep apnea are at higher risk of developing serious opioid-related respiratory depression. The adverse outcomes can be avoided and the safety of pain management can be improved by CYP2D6 genetic testing before prescribing these opioids or by using alternative analgesics.
Electronically supported communities: reflections and speculations

A selective overview is presented of applied research in electronically supported communities and a meta-view of the types of systems that are currently in place or being developed is provided. Man-machine interaction is also considered, and computer-supported collaboration capabilities and benefits are discussed. >
Security in Large System Acquisition

Large systems are typically composed of multiple hardware and software components. Most of the components are Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) products. All of the COTS components have security properties, as will the custom software, and the resultant system.
Power conversion and control strategies for fuel cell vehicles

With the requirements for reducing the emissions and improving the fuel economy, the automotive companies are developing fuel cell systems for propulsion and for on-board power generation. Power electronics is an enabling technology for the development of environmental friendly fuel cell vehicles, and to implement the various vehicle electrical architectures to obtain the best performance. In this paper, power conversion strategies for propulsion and auxiliary power unit applications are described. The requirements of the propulsion system, power electronics, and control for the successful development of the fuel cell vehicles are also presented.
Relating bend formability and fracture toughness

ABSTRACT Plane strain formability and fracture toughness were determined for copper and 70/30 alpha brass rolled to a range of cold reductions to vary strength and ductility. Bend formability was assessed by the minimum radius which would successfully make a 90° bend without evidence of cracking. The Khan tear test was used to assess unit propagation energy as a measure of fracture toughness. The results showed that anisotropic bend ductility develops with increasing cold reduction and is reflected in anisotropic fracture toughness. This anisotropy is not related to grain shape, but may be related to crystallographic and substructure changes.
Pluralism, Intransitivity, Incoherence

Pluralism is an appealing and now orthodox view of the sources of value. But pluralism has led to well-known difficulties for social-choice theory. Moreover, as Susan Hurley has argued, the difficulties of pluralism go even deeper. In 1954, Kenneth May suggested an intrapersonal analogue to Arrow's Impossibility Theorem. In brief, May showed that an individual's response to a plurality of values will, given certain additional assumptions, lead to intransitive preference orderings. (Daniel Kahneman and others have shown that intransitivity is an empirical feature of preferences.) Hurley challenged May's additional assumptions as implausibly strong; but her work did not exclude the possibility that values may disobey the canon of rationality that insists on transitivity. John Broome has recently extended these canons to the "betterness" relation. This chapter argues that there is no good reason to be confident that values, understood as real features of the world, behave consistently with those canons.
Thinking critically about the student-to-professional transition: Alignment of skills qualifications of geoscience master's students with current workforce employment

The American Geosciences Institute (AGI) and the Association of American Geographers (AAG) were awarded support from the National Science Foundation (NSF grant #1202707) to investigate non-Ph.D. preparatory master's degree programs in geology and geography. The study sought to understand students' experiences in their graduate programs, their career decisions, and how prepared they are in technical and nontechnical competencies. Faculty members and students from non-Ph.D.-granting geology and geography programs responded to an online Likert-style survey. Students responded directly to questions regarding their own experiences and preparation, whereas faculty members reported data on their previous and current master's students. Responses were compared with the trends in the careers of nonacademic professionals and their preparation in the same sets of skills. In addition, the study investigated how important those competencies are to the current positions of nonacademic professionals. Comparing the amount of preparation that students receive in their degree programs to how important those competencies are in the workplace allows researchers to determine whether the skills and competencies developed in master's programs adequately reflect geoscience workforce demands.
A risk-adjusted approach to model (in)validation

This paper presents a risk-adjusted approach to the problem of model (in)validation of LTI systems subject to structured dynamic uncertainty entering the model in LFT form. The proposed method proceeds by sampling the set of admissible uncertainties, with the aim of finding at least one element that together with the candidate model can reproduce the experimental data. If so, the model is not invalidated by experimental evidence. Otherwise, if no such element exists, the model is invalidated by the data with a certain probability. As we show in the paper, give /spl epsiv/ >0, it is possible to determine a priori the number of samples so that the probability a valid model is below /spl epsiv/. Thus, by introducing a relaxation in terms of this risk /spl epsiv/, we can overcome the computational complexity associated with model invalidation in the presence of structured uncertainties.
Harmony search algorithm for solving Sudoku

Harmony search (HS) algorithm was applied to solving Sudoku puzzle. The HS is an evolutionary algorithm which mimics musicians' behaviors such as random play, memory-based play, and pitch-adjusted play when they perform improvisation. Sudoku puzzles in this study were formulated as an optimization problem with number-uniqueness penalties. HS could successfully solve the optimization problem after 285 function evaluations, taking 9 seconds. Also, sensitivity analysis of HS parameters was performed to obtain a better idea of algorithm parameter values.
A relaxation time study of the electron-beam induced polymerization of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate

Abstract NMR measurements have been used to characterize the electron-beam (EB) induced polymerization of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate. Hydrogen T1, T1θ, and T2 values have been measured as a function of radiation dose. The T2 signal consists of a Gaussian component and a longer component consisting of two exponentials. The sum of the Gaussian and the short exponential intensities is strongly correlated with the polymer fraction determined by gel extraction. T2 values associated with the exponential component decrease rapidly with increasing dose. The T1 relaxation consists of two exponentials for low dose and a single exponential for high dose. The T1θ relaxation consists of from two to three exponential components, and the departure from a single exponential decreases with increasing dose. T1 and T1θ intensities are poorly correlated with gel extraction results. T1 and T1θ minima occur at intermediate radiation dose, and T1θ depends on H1 at high dose. Limited spin diffusion plays an important role in the T1 and T1θ relaxation. Hydroquinone has little effect on the EB-induced polymerization.
On the Structure of Verma Modules over Virasoro and Neveu-Schwarz Algebras

In the paper we present a different proof of the theorem of B. L. Feigin and D. B. Fuchs about the structure of Verma modules over Virasoro algebra. We state some new results about the structure of Verma modules over Neveu-Schwarz. The proof has two advantages: First, it is simpler in the most interesting cases (for example in the so called minimal models), second, it can be generalized for Neveu-Schwarz algebra for some class of Verma modules.