cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Psychologist Use of Adherence Assessments and Interventions

Objective To document current clinical practices for medical regimen adherence assessment and intervention in the field of pediatric psychology. Methods 113 members of the Society of Pediatric Psychology completed an anonymous online survey that assessed use of adherence assessments and interventions in clinical practice, barriers and facilitators to their use, and preferred resources for obtaining information on adherence assessments and interventions. Results Respondents reported using a range of adherence assessment and intervention strategies, some of which are evidence-based. Barriers to implementing these clinical strategies included time constraints and lack of familiarity with available clinical tools. Respondents reported that education about effective clinical tools would facilitate their use of adherence assessments and interventions. Conclusions Future research and clinical efforts in adherence should consider developing practical tools for clinical practice, making accessible resources to promote dissemination of these tools, and increase understanding of clinician implementation of adherence assessments and interventions.
Influence of Immune Privilege on Ocular Tumor Development

Mechanisms that maintain ocular immune privilege may contribute to ocular tumor progression by inhibiting tumoricidal immune responses. Consistent with that notion are observations from transplantable tumor models in mice demonstrating that the tumoricidal activity of CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) may be inhibited directly by interfering with CTL effector function in the eye or indirectly by abrogating the effector function of CD8+ T cell-activated intratumoral macrophages that are critical for ocular tumor rejection. In addition, epigenetic gene regulation by factors within the ocular tumor environment favors the generation of tumor variants that are resistant to CD8+ CTL. Intratumoral macrophages may be essential for eliminating these variants because, unlike CTL, their tumoricidal activity is nonspecific. Hence, the inhibition of macrophage effector function within the eye, presumably to preserve immune privilege by minimizing ocular immunopathology, may hasten the outgrowth of tumor escape varian...
Growth Hormone and Phosphorylase Activity in Adipose Tissue1

Glycogen phosphorylase activity was measured in homogenates of epididymal adipose tissue. Hypophysectomy decreased basal phosphorylase activity per mg wet weight and decreased sensitivity to activation by theophylline. Preincubation of tissues from normal and hypophysectomized rats with 0.1 μg/ml of growth hormone increased phosphorylase activity in response to each dose of theophylline added during a 30 min reincubation period. This dose of growth hormone did not affect basal phosphorylase activity. When added along with dexamethasone (0.16 μg/ml), growth hormone markedly increased phosphorylase activity. It is suggested that growth hormone may affect some aspect of the metabolism of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. (Endocrinology 84: 414, 1969)
Invisible politics: institutional incentives and legislative alignments in the russian Duma, 1996-99

Previous analysis of legislative voting has focused on the behavior of nominal legislative parties, regardless of whether the country under examination was an established democracy or a newly democratized country. This approach is inadequate for countries with young party systems. To establish the extent to which legislative coalitions are party based, scholars must allow for the possibility that institutional incentives predominate over party influence. For this study, I applied a Bayesian discrete latent variable method to identify the legislative coalitions in the 1996-99 Duma. I found that legislative alignments cut across party lines: electoral incentives and support for the president contribute to divides within parties that lack coherent platforms. Here I present a novel methodological approach to the identification of intraparty divisions and the major determinants of legislative coalitions in many legislative settings. This approach allows a comparison of the importance of party influence relative to other institutional incentives. It is especially useful for analyzing legislative voting in young party systems and where constitutional frameworks and electoral systems subject legislators to competing pressures.
Comparing Thin Slices of Verbal Communication Behavior of Varying Number and Duration

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of thin slices to characterize the verbal communication behavior of counselors and patients engaged in Motivational Interviewing sessions relative to fully coded sessions.
Endocrine causes of impotence.

Since 5% to 10% of impotence cases may have an endocrine component, the workup for impotence should consider endocrine disorders, which can be diagnosed readily with laboratory tests and, in the majority of patients, can be cured.
DELAY OF REINFORCEMENT IN FIXED-RATIO BEHAVIOR

When E manipulates the delay before reinforcement in free operant situations, he also manipulates the interval between the last response leading to the n - 1 reinforcement and the first response leading to the nth reinforcement. The present experiment studied effects of delaying reinforcement when the interval between these responses was not varied hv r! -, -. Three white rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain, maintained at 80% of free-feeding weight, were trained in a Lehigh Valley cage (Model 143-26) enclosed in a sound actenuating chamber. Relay and programming equipment were located in an adjacent room. Upon completion of a fixed-ratio of 45 responses (FR 45) the response lever retracted from the cage for 30 sec. A 45-mg. food pellet was delivered either 0, 5, or 10 sec. after lever retraction. Each S was given 15 daily sessions of 50 reinforcements each at each delay interval starting with the 0-sec. interval and increasing progressively in 5-sec. increments. Performance was reevaluated at the 0-sec. condition after all other conditions had been presented. Cumulative post-reinforcement pauses (time between entrance of the lever into the cage and S's first response) and responding time (time elapsing from the first response until the lever retracted) were recorded for the 50 trials of each session, and only data from the last five days at each condition were used in the analysis. With this rechnique reinforcement delay was varied within a constant interval (30 sec.) between S's last response before a given reinforcement and until he could resume responding after thac reinforcement. TABLE 1
T CELL SIGNALING: EFFECT OF AGE

Although it is well established that the functional properties of T cells decrease with age, its biochemical and molecular nature is poorly understood. The available data suggest that changes in the signal transduction machinery are responsible for the impairment of T cell function during aging. T cell activation is initiated when an antigenic peptide is recognized by the antigen receptor of T cells. This recognition event promotes sequential activation of a network of signaling molecules such as kinases, phosphatates, and adaptor proteins that couple the stimulatory signal received from T cell receptor (TCR) to intracellular signaling pathways. The coordinate activation of these signaling molecules is sufficient to stimulate the activation of transcription factors and the expression of the immediate-early genes that are crucial in regulation of T cell function.
Abstract 5030: Serum deprivation induces Ewing Sarcoma cells to adopt a more invasive phenotype and to upregulate RHO-MKL transcriptional activity.

Background: Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive and metastatic tumor of bone and soft tissue that primarily affects children and adolescents. The primary cause of tumor-related death in patients with ES is metastatic disease. In epithelial-derived cancers metastasis is dependent on phenotypic transition of cells from epithelial- to mesenchymal-like states (EMT). In addition, Rho signaling pathways are primary mediators of cancer cell motility and can induce cell migration and invasion, in part through transcriptional activation of MKL/SRF target genes. The mechanisms of metastasis in non-epithelial tumors such as ES remain to be elucidated. Objective: We sought to determine whether phenotypic plasticity between non-invasive and invasive states is also a feature of ES and to determine the molecular mechanism underlying this transition. Methods: ES cell lines were subjected to serum deprivation and phenotypic differences measured using scratch assays, transwell studies, and the xCelligence system. qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to quantitate or visualize changes in gene and protein expression, respectively. Results: Serum deprivation induced ES cells to rapidly adopt a more aggressive phenotype, reflected by changes in cell shape and increased motility, while proliferation was inhibited. Serum replenishment rapidly reverted these phenotypic changes. Mechanistically, markers of EMT were largely unaffected indicating that the observed phenotypic plasticity in ES cells was not mediated by classic EMT-MET transitions. Instead, activation of Rho-MKL signaling was apparent as evidenced by nuclear localization of MKL and upregulation of the metastasis-associated MKL/SRF target gene MYL9 in serum-deprived conditions. Exposure of ES cells to a small molecule antagonist of Rho-MKL signaling inhibited ES cell motility. Conclusions: Serum deprivation causes reversible transformation of ES cells to a more migratory phenotype. This is associated with nuclear translocation of MKL and induction of MYL9, a gene that encodes a regulatory light chain required for myosin stability. We propose a model of ES metastasis in which changes to the microenvironment that result in growth-factor deprivation (e.g. increased tumor size or cytotoxic therapy) induce expression of Rho-MKL transcriptional targets that contribute to cell migration and invasion. The Rho-MKL axis may thus be a novel therapeutic target for prevention of ES metastasis. Citation Format: Merlin Airik, Melanie Krook, Christopher Scannell, Andrew Haak, Richard Neubig, Elizabeth Lawlor. Serum deprivation induces Ewing Sarcoma cells to adopt a more invasive phenotype and to upregulate RHO-MKL transcriptional activity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5030. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5030
Sound generation by wake cutting

The sound generated by the interaction of an airfoil and a passing wake was studied experimentally. A square jet was "cut" periodically by circular rods moving across the flow to produce a row of oblique wakes. A circular arc symmetrical airfoil was placed in the flow, and, by means of periodic sampling and averaging, the strictly periodic components of the instantaneous surface pressure fluctuation at different chordwise locations on the airfoil as well as of the radiated sound field were determined. First, the airfoil leading edge was aligned with the wake to obtain a nearly two-dimensional interaction. Later, the airfoil was turned at an angle with respect to the wake so that the wake interaction swept spanwise along the leading edge (three-dimensional flow). All pressure fluctuations, as well as the sound radiation, were found to be decreasing with increasing skew angle between the airfoil and the wake.
Photonic Generation of RF and Microwave Frequencies

Photonics technology has enabled the generation of highly spectrally pure and stable reference signals at frequencies ranging from 1-100 GHz, and beyond. This talk presents recent developments and future prospects in the field.
Failure to produce obesity in the rat following gold thioglucose injection.

SummaryWhite rats, originating from the Wistar strain, did not become obese following injections of gold thioglucose under experimental conditions that have resulted in obesity in 4 strains of mice studied. It is possible that genetic factors influence the capacity to develop obesity after injection of gold thioglucose.
MOVEMENT AND STATIC STRESS IN DOLOSSE: SIX YEARS OF FIELD MONITORING AT CRESCENT CITY

Breakwater failures have often been caused by or at least exacerbated by a structural failure of concrete armor units, especially when the units are the more slender type such as dolosse. To aid in the development of a structural design procedure for complex concrete armor units, post-construction monitoring of movement and stress in dolosse has been ongoing on the outer breakwater at Crescent City, California since its rehabilitation in 1986. This paper describes the significance of static stress in large (38-tonne) dolosse and documents the continued rapid growth of dolos static stress in a relatively nested shallow-water breakwater. New data from 1990, 1991 and 1992 have modified the previously suggested conclusion that dolos static stress was increasing at a decreasing rate (Kendall and Melby, 1989). These new data suggest that while dolos movement has continued to subside, static stress has been building approximately linearly.
Bending-Induced Symmetry Breaking of Lithiation in Germanium Nanowires

From signal transduction of living cells to oxidation and corrosion of metals, mechanical stress intimately couples with chemical reactions, regulating these biological and physiochemical processes. The coupled effect is particularly evident in the electrochemical lithiation/delithiation cycling of high-capacity electrodes, such as silicon (Si), where on the one hand lithiation-generated stress mediates lithiation kinetics and on the other the electrochemical reaction rate regulates stress generation and mechanical failure of the electrodes. Here we report for the first time the evidence on the controlled lithiation in germanium nanowires (GeNWs) through external bending. Contrary to the symmetric core–shell lithiation in free-standing GeNWs, we show bending the GeNWs breaks the lithiation symmetry, speeding up lithaition at the tensile side while slowing down at the compressive side of the GeNWs. The bending-induced symmetry breaking of lithiation in GeNWs is further corroborated by chemomechanical model...
Trigonometric integration without trigonometric functions

Teaching techniques of integration can be tedious and often uninspired. We present an obvious but underutilized approach for finding antiderivatives of various trigonometric functions using the complex exponential representation of the sine and cosine. The purpose goes beyond providing students an alternative approach to trigonometric integrals. It introduces a framework in which students can better understand more advanced mathematical ideas such as the inverse Laplace transform and also affords an opportunity to work with detailed algebraic manipulations involving the binomial expansion.
Analysis of urinary iodine monitoring results of 8-10 school-age children of Baotou City,in Inner Mongolia in 2007-2011

Objective To understand the 8-10 school-age children's urinary iodine level in Baotou city,and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods From 2007 to 2011,monitoring data on urinary iodine of 8 to 10 school-age children were collected and analyzed.All 9 counties were IDD surveillance areas in Baotou City,according to the east and west,south,north were extracted,8 to 10 years old of 20 school-age children's urine iodine from 5 primary schools in 5townships were detected.Determination of urine iodine was carried out in accordance with standard arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometric method,the results were evaluated according to The Standard of Iodine Deficiency Disorders Elinination(GB16006-2008) and The Iodine Deficiency Disorders Elimination Guide.Results From 2007 to 2011,a total of 5 182 samples of urine were collected,the median of urinary iodine was 272.40 μg/L.In 2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,the median of urinary iodine was 254.10 μg/L,247.50 μg/L,305.88 μg/L,307.35 μg/L and 283.90 μg/L respectively.In 2007,2008 and 2011,urinary iodine mainly concentrated in 200-300 μg/L,in 2009 and 2010,urinary iodine concentrated in 300-400 μg/L,the overall urine iodine was kept between 200-400 μg/L.Conclusion Iodine nutrition status of 8 to 10 years old of school age children in Baotou City is good,iodine intake meets the body's need,but the median of urinary iodine is high,it need to strengthen the monitoring for IDD,strengthen health education in primary school.
Activity recognition for medical teamwork based on passive RFID

We describe a novel and practical activity recognition system for dynamic and complex medical settings using only passive RFID technology. Our activity recognition approach is based on the use of objects that are specific for a given activity. The object-use status is detected from RFID data and the activities are predicted from the statuses of use of different objects. We tagged 10 objects in a trauma room of an emergency department and recorded RFID data for 10 actual trauma resuscitations. More than 20,000 seconds of data were collected and used for analysis. The system achieved a 96% overall accuracy with a 0.74 F-score for detecting use of 10 common resuscitation objects and 95% accuracy with a 0.30 F Score for activity recognition of 10 medical activities.
Erosion and Enhancement of Empathy

Empathy is viewed as an important element of professionalism in medicine; however, a few obstacles to the development and implementation of empathy exist in medical education and practice. Health professions education and the health care system have become very reliant on computer-based diagnostic and therapeutic technology that may limit students’ and practitioners’ vision about the importance of human connection and empathic engagement in patient care. Given the findings that medical students tend to develop a certain cynicism as they progress through their medical education and empathy erodes in medical school and postgraduate medical education, it is timely and important to pay serious attention to enhancing and sustaining empathy in the health professions education and patient care. Enhancing and sustaining empathy in health profession education and practice should be considered a mandate that must be acted upon by leaders and educators in the health professions academic centers and heath care institutions. Research shows that empathy is an attribute that is amenable to change as a result of targeted educational programs and educational experiences. Some approaches used to enhance empathy in the health professionals-in-training and in-practice are described, including improving interpersonal skills, audio- or video-taping of patient encounters, exposure to role models, role playing (e.g., aging game), shadowing a patient (patient navigator), hospitalization experiences, studying literature and the arts, improving narrative skills and reflective writing, theatrical performances, and the Balint method. More empirical research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of programs designed to enhance empathy, to examine the long-term effects of such programs, and to develop strategies to sustain enhancement in empathy for a longer period of time.
From Resistance to Buy-In: Experiences of Clinicians in Training Using Feedback-Informed Treatment

In this qualitative research study, the authors use grounded theory analysis to examine the experiences of clinicians in training and use client feedback to inform treatment. Twenty-six marriage an...
The timing of antenatal care initiation and the content of care in Sindh, Pakistan

Policymakers and program planners consider antenatal care (ANC) coverage to be a primary measure of improvements in maternal health. Yet, evidence from multiple countries indicates that ANC coverage has no necessary relationship with the content of services provided. This study examines the relationship between the timing of the first ANC check-up, a potential predictor of the content of services, and the provision of WHO recommended services to women during their pregnancy. The study uses data from a representative household survey of Sindh with a sample comprising of 4,000 women aged 15–49 who had had a live birth in the two years before the survey. The survey obtained information about the elements of care provided during pregnancy, the timing of the first ANC check-up, the number of ANC visits made during the last pregnancy and women’s socio-economic and demographic characteristics. Bivariate analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between the proportion of women who receive six WHO recommended services and the timing of their first ANC check-up. Multivariate analysis was conducted to identify predictors of the number of elements of care provided. While most women in Sindh (87 %) receive an ANC check-up, its timing varies by parity, education and household wealth. The median time to the first ANC check-up was 3 months for women in the richest and 7 months for women in the poorest wealth quintiles. In multivariate analysis, wealth, education, parity and age at marriage were significant predictors of the number of elements of care provided. Women who received an early ANC check-up were much more likely to receive WHO recommended services than other women, independent of a range of socio-economic and demographic variables and independent of the number of ANC visits made during pregnancy. In Sindh, the timing of the first ANC check-up has an independent effect on the content of care provided to pregnant women. While it is extremely important that providers are adequately trained and motivated to provide the WHO recommended standards of care, these findings suggest that motivating women to make an early first ANC check-up may be another mechanism through which the quality of care provided may be improved. Such a focus is most likely to benefit the poorest, least educated and highest parity women. Based on these findings, we recommend that routine data collected at health facilities in Pakistan should include the month of pregnancy at the time of the first ANC check-up.
A Modified Newton’s Method for the Computation of Fluid Flows

In the numerical computation of fluid flows iterative methods are commonly used. While generally being efficient in computer memory use, they tend to be sensitive to problem parameters and must be fine tuned to maintain stability and to obtain a good rate of convergence. Modern computer memories are now very large, so memory considerations no longer dominate the selection of a solution method. Other criteria, such as speed and robustness, can be given more attention. Therefore, memory intensive methods using direct solvers become more attractive. Along with larger available memories, direct sparse matrix solvers that fully exploit the sparsity of matrices have been developed. These solvers substantially reduce computer time and memory requirements for large systems of equations.
Relationships between serum BDNF and the antidepressant effect of acute exercise in depressed women

Abstract Objective Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has recently emerged as one potential mechanism with which exercise improves mood in major depressive disorder (MDD). This study examined the relationship between changes in serum total BDNF and mood following acute exercise in MDD. It was hypothesized that acute exercise would increase BDNF in an intensity-dependent manner and that changes in BDNF would be significantly related to improvement in depressed mood post-exercise. Methods Twenty-four women (age: 38.6 ± 14.0 years) with MDD exercised for 30 min on a stationary bicycle at light, moderate and hard exercise intensities and performed a quiet rest session using a within-subjects, randomized and counter-balanced design. Before, 10 and 30 min after each session, participants completed the profile of mood states (POMS). Blood was drawn before and within 10 min after completion of each session and serum total BDNF (sBDNF) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Acute exercise-induced changes in POMS Depression and sBDNF were analyzed via 4 session (quiet rest, light, moderate, hard) by 2 measurement (pre, post) ANOVA. Secondary analyses examined the effects of baseline mood and antidepressant usage on sBDNF. Results Exercise resulted in an acute improvement in depressed mood that was not intensity dependent ( p > 0.05), resulting in significant acute increases in sBDNF ( p = 0.006) that were also not intensity-dependent ( p > 0.05). Acute changes in sBDNF were not significantly correlated to changes in POMS depression at 10 m (r = −0.171, p = 0.161) or 30 m (r = −0.151, p = 0.215) post-exercise. The fourteen participants taking antidepressant medications exhibited lower post-exercise sBDNF ( p = 0.015) than the participants not currently taking antidepressants, although mood responses were similar. Conclusion Acute exercise is an effective mood-enhancing stimulus, although sBDNF does not appear to play a role in this short-term response. Patients who are not currently taking antidepressant medications and those who have greater pre-exercise depression may experience a greater sBDNF response to exercise, but the clinical significance of this is currently unclear. Circulating BDNF levels are unlikely to be altered by steady-state acute exercise in a linear dose-dependent manner. This does not eliminate its potential relevance in the antidepressant response to chronic exercise training, but suggests that other mechanisms are involved in the acute affective response to exercise in depression.
Bantu Sociolinguistics in Wangari Maathai's Peacebuilding Rhetoric

ABSTRACTThis article argues that appreciating the holistic approach Wangari Maathai embraced in both her environmental and peacebuilding work requires attending to the abiding influence of Kikuyu language and culture throughout her long career. To highlight the specific connections between her rhetoric and its cultural contexts, I approach Maathai’s discourse and activism from the perspective of Bantu sociolinguistics. Through a sociolinguistic analysis of Maathai’s spoken and written words, I demonstrate how the integration of peace and environmentalism for which Maathai was renowned resonates with notions of mariika (“generations”) and ukama (“relatedness”). Viewed from this perspective, Maathai’s insistence that there was no peace without environmental stewardship and effective democracy appears neither idiosyncratic nor incoherent but a nuanced extension of a rich cultural legacy. This study illustrates the heuristic utility of Bantu precepts of rhetoric by applying them in a critical appreciation of ...
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia in Critically Ill Trauma and Burn Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract Background: The timing and risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia in trauma patients are not well characterized. This information is critical for the selection of appropriate empiric antibiotics. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of MRSA pneumonia in early-onset and late-onset pneumonia and to identify risk factors for MRSA in the trauma-burn intensive care unit (ICU). Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study from January 2012 to March 2015 of patients in the trauma and burn ICU with clinical and microbiologic evidence of pneumonia. Demographics, injury type and severity, co-morbidities, antimicrobial agents, and MRSA nasal colonization at ICU admission were extracted from the medical record. A multi-variable exact logistic regression was performed to assess predictors of MRSA pneumonia. Results: Eighty patients with 88 episodes of pneumonia were included in the cohort. Ten patients had MRSA pneumonia, an overa...
Changes in Ideational Profiles of Women of Reproductive Age in Urban Nigeria: The Role of Health Communication.

Reproductive health indicators in Nigeria remain among the poorest in the world. Modern contraceptive prevalence rate has remained practically at the same level since 2003. Whereas contraceptive use is higher in urban compared with rural areas, the majority of urban women are not using a modern contraceptive method. Low contraceptive use in the country results from unfavorable ideational variables, including knowledge, values, beliefs, and norms. Ideational segmentation allows program planners to identify groups that are homogenous with respect to ideational variables and which have similar informational and skills strengthening needs. In this study, we conducted latent class analyses with longitudinal data collected from a sample of women in 2010/2011 and 2014 to identify distinct ideational segments among women of reproductive age in six Nigerian cities at the two points in time. The analysis revealed three ideational segments at baseline: (a) Inefficacious, misinformed and unsupported, labeled “Disempo...
Disabling Prejudice: A Case Study of Images of Paralympic Athletes and Attitudes Toward People With Disabilities

Part of the goal of the International Paralympic Committee is to “touch the heart of all people for a more equitable society” by exposing people to adaptive sports, with the goal of improving public views toward people with disabilities. The authors hypothesized that exposure to parasocial contact with images of athletes with disabilities could lead to a change in attitude during the formation of social identity, disrupting the tendency to view the population of individuals with physical disabilities as “other. ” This case study found that viewing a documentary of a Paralympic sprinter produced in the same style as an Olympic feature appeared to affect the emotional components of attitude formation, especially when compared with respondents who viewed a comparable documentary about an able-bodied athlete. These findings are of interest to proponents of adaptive sports, producers of adaptive-sports media, and marketers who use athletes with disabilities in advertising campaigns.
Statistical mechanics of influence maximization with thermal noise

The problem of optimally distributing a budget of influence among individuals in a social network, known as influence maximization, has typically been studied in the context of contagion models and deterministic processes, which fail to capture stochastic interactions inherent in real-world settings. Here, we show that by introducing thermal noise into influence models, the dynamics exactly resemble spins in a heterogeneous Ising system. In this way, influence maximization in the presence of thermal noise has a natural physical interpretation as maximizing the magnetization of an Ising system given a budget of external magnetic field. Using this statistical mechanical formulation, we demonstrate analytically that for small external-field budgets, the optimal influence solutions exhibit a highly non-trivial temperature dependence, focusing on high-degree hub nodes at high temperatures and on easily influenced peripheral nodes at low temperatures. For the general problem, we present a projected gradient ascent algorithm that uses the magnetic susceptibility to calculate locally optimal external-field distributions. We apply our algorithm to synthetic and real-world networks, demonstrating that our analytic results generalize qualitatively. Our work establishes a fruitful connection with statistical mechanics and demonstrates that influence maximization depends crucially on the temperature of the system, a fact that has not been appreciated by existing research.
Hardware implementation of physically unclonable function (puf) in perpendicular STT MRAM

The pSTT MRAM array with stepped structure MTJ is fully integrated with standard 0.18 µm CMOS process. Using a low power etch process greatly improves the uniformity of MR and R P . The bit pattern is randomized with a voltage method and a cost-effective field method; the latter can be incorporated into wafer processing. We showed the bit pattern is unpredictable under the same sub-critical stimulation, thus, practically unclonable. The Hamming Weight and inter-chip Hamming Distance are both ∼50%, an evidence of sufficient uniqueness. A single embedded STT-MRAM PUF can cover many needs of security electronics.
Reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita and M. graminis on Several Grain Sorghum Hybrids

A total of 27 grain sorghum hybrids were evaluated in a series of greenhouse experiments to determine their susceptibility to Meloidogyne incognita race 3 and M. graminis. Each hybrid was inoculated with 2,000 nematode eggs/pot. Reproduction by M. incognita was numerically greater than M. graminis on 93% of the hybrids tested, indicating that grain sorghum is a better host for M. incognita than M. graminis. A wide variation in host suitability was observed on these hybrids in a second experiment as reproduction by M. incognita ranged from 395 to 3,818 eggs/g of root. Only two hybrids, Terral RV9782 and RV9823, consistently supported ,20% reproduction by M. incognita compared to the most susceptible hybrid, Golden Acres 5556. Reproduction of four isolates of M. incognita was evaluated on six selected hybrids in a third greenhouse experiment. Hybrid susceptibility was similar to that observed in the previous experiment for all isolates. A difference in isolate aggressiveness was observed between two of the four isolates across all hybrids. In fields where damaging populations of M. incognita are present, most grain sorghum hybrids will likely maintain or increase the nematode population for the subsequent crop.
Spontaneous neural activity differences in posttraumatic stress disorder: A quantitative resting-state meta-analysis and fMRI validation

Identifying the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a critical step toward reducing its debilitating impact. Spontaneous neural activity, measured at rest using various neuroimaging techniques (e.g., regional homogeneity [ReHo], amplitude of low frequency fluctuations [ALFF]), can provide insight about baseline neurobiological factors influencing sensory, cognitive, or behavioral processes associated with PTSD. The present study used activation likelihood estimation (ALE) to conduct the largest-to-date quantitative meta-analysis of spontaneous neural activity in PTSD, including 457 PTSD cases, 292 trauma-exposed controls (TECs), and 293 non-traumatized controls (NTCs) across 22 published studies. Five regions-of-interest (ROIs) were identified where activity differed between PTSD cases and controls: one when compared to all controls (left globus pallidus), two when compared to TECs (left inferior parietal lobule [IPL] and right lingual gyrus), and two when compared to NTCs (left amygdala and right caudate head). To corroborate these results, a second analysis was conducted using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging on an independent sample of 205 previously-deployed US military veterans. In this analysis, converging evidence from ReHo and ALFF showed that spontaneous neural activity in the left IPL alone was positively correlated with PTSD symptom severity. This result is consistent with theoretical accounts that link left IPL activity with PTSD-relevant processes such as processing of emotional stimuli (e.g., fearful faces) and the extent that attention is captured by salient autobiographical memories. By modeling the neurobiological correlates of PTSD, we can increase our understanding of this debilitating disorder and guide the development of future clinical innovations.
Child Life Services in an Epilepsy Monitoring Unit.

The goal of this study was to determine the value of a certified child life specialist (CCLS) on the patient and staff experiences in an epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU). We integrated a CCLS into th...
Pericardial Diseases and Hemodynamics

Pericardial diseases and associated hemodynamic findings represent an important but difficult area in cardiovascular physiology and disease. In this chapter, we will discuss several different key aspects of pericardial physiology and pathology, including acute and chronic inflammatory states of the pericardium, cardiac tamponade, and chronic constrictive pericarditis. The outline of each section will include a discussion of the etiology of the specific pericardial pathology, a description of salient diagnostic features (by physical examination, echocardiography, hemodynamic measurements, and/or advanced imaging techniques, where applicable), and a discussion of management and follow-up.
Zeros of Partial Sums of the Square of the Riemann Zeta-Function

Let s be the complex variable σ + it, let d(n) denote the number of divisors of n, and let X be a real number greater than or equal to 2. In this paper, we establish the zero-free regions for the partial sums of the square of the Riemann zeta-function, defined by \(\zeta _{X}^{2}(s) =\sum _{ n=1}^{X}d(n)n^{-s}\) for σ > 1, and estimate the number of zeros up to a given height T.
Measuring with noise? We can do better!

It has long been established that correlation-based measurement techniques, using, e.g., maximum length sequences and swept sines, outperform classical methods based on random Gaussian noise. Among the advantages of these modern techniques are better rejection of background noise and reduced measurement duration to achieve similar or better precision. These advantages are especially interesting in room and building acoustics, where many measurement positions typically have to be covered and background noise is often an issue, especially when measuring sound transmission loss or velocity level differences. Unfortunately, there is currently no provision in the ASTM standards on room and building acoustics that would allow the use of these modern measurement methods. To demonstrate the advantages of these methods, this contribution will present an example of measurements of the apparent sound transmission loss, i.e., measurements of sound pressure level differences and reverberation times. In addition to the standardized measurements according to ASTM E336, all measurements were repeated with maximum length sequences and swept sines. The results will be compared and the advantages of the modern techniques will be highlighted.It has long been established that correlation-based measurement techniques, using, e.g., maximum length sequences and swept sines, outperform classical methods based on random Gaussian noise. Among the advantages of these modern techniques are better rejection of background noise and reduced measurement duration to achieve similar or better precision. These advantages are especially interesting in room and building acoustics, where many measurement positions typically have to be covered and background noise is often an issue, especially when measuring sound transmission loss or velocity level differences. Unfortunately, there is currently no provision in the ASTM standards on room and building acoustics that would allow the use of these modern measurement methods. To demonstrate the advantages of these methods, this contribution will present an example of measurements of the apparent sound transmission loss, i.e., measurements of sound pressure level differences and reverberation times. In addition to the...
Burn Injury-Induced Alterations in Wound Inflammation and Healing Are Associated with Suppressed Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α Expression

A major complication associated with burn injury is delayed wound healing. While healing of the burn injury site is essential, healing of distal injury sites caused by surgical interventions and other processes also is important. The impact of burn injury on healing of these distal wound sites is not understood clearly. To study this, mice were subjected to major burn injury or a sham procedure. Immediately following, excisional wounds were made on the dorsal surface caudal to the burn site and wound closure was monitored over a 7-d period by planimetry. In a second series of experiments, plasma and excisional wounds were collected for in vitro analysis of cyto- and chemokine levels, L-arginine metabolism, and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α expression. At 1–7 d post-injury, a significant inflammatory response was evident in both groups, but the healing process was delayed in the burn-injured mice. At 3 d post-injury, wound levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and keratinocyte-derived chemokine were suppressed in the burn group. This difference in the wound inflammatory response was independent of changes in L-arginine metabolism (nitrate levels, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, arginase activity), but correlated with a marked reduction in HIF-1α protein levels. In conclusion, these findings suggest that HIF-1α and the inflammatory response play a significant role in wound healing, and reduced levels of HIF-1α contribute to the impaired healing response post-burn.
Laboratory Blood-Based Testing for Lyme Disease at a National Reference Laboratory.

Objectives We evaluated trends in Lyme disease (LD) testing at a national reference laboratory. Methods LD screening enzyme immunoassay and Western blot testing data performed at Quest Diagnostics during 2010 to 2016 were analyzed nationally and at the state level. Results Overall, 593,800 (11.3%) results were positive of 5,255,636 tests. There was an increase in the rate of positivity over the last 2 years of the study and an increase in the number of positive tests in 2016. Positive tests were observed in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. New York had the most positive tests, whereas Connecticut had the highest positivity rate when normalized to state populations. Some states with historically low rates of LD (eg, Texas, Florida, and California) showed significant increases in testing and positivity rates over time. Conclusions LD testing and positivity have increased in recent years, including in states not historically associated with the disease.
Pharmacologic management and prevention of acute pancreatitis.

Purpose of reviewThe present article will focus in pharmacologic agents that have been studied to improve acute pancreatitis outcomes, and to prevent the disease at different levels.Recent findingsToo little and too much early fluid resuscitation can be harmful. The optimal volume, rate, and duratio
Learning to ‘site-see’: place-reflexivity as a methodological tool for qualitative researchers

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to further examine ‘place-reflexivity’ as a methodological tool for engaging in site-seeing in qualitative research. Qualitative research often involves a site ...
Early Internal Control Practices in the United States Army and the Evolution of Internal Control Practices in Businesses

This research analyzes, via an examination of documents from a frontier fort, Fort Abercrombie, Dakota Territory; the internal controls the US Army had in place in the mid-1800s. Findings include: ...
Exploring first-year student pharmacists' expectations in the classroom

Abstract Introduction The transition from Millennial to Generation Z learners will require health professions educators to reassess their approach not only to teaching, but also in the learning environment where they prepare the next generation of healthcare providers. With this generational transition, health professions programs are also being tasked with updated accreditation standards and evolving practice expectations that require curricular change. Methods This paper explores the teaching qualities and behaviors first-year student pharmacists associate with excellent teaching in pharmacy faculty. Using the Teacher Behaviors Checklist, a 28-item list of qualities and behaviors associated with master teaching, students were asked to identify the top ten qualities and behaviors they felt were essential. Results Over a four-year span, 204 students (34.1% response rate) participated in the study across two different curricula. Results showed that students identified the following as essential: approachable/personable, authoritative, confident, effective communicator, encourages/cares for students, enthusiastic about teaching/topic, knowledgeable, prepared, realistic expectations, respectful, and understanding. Findings were compared across the two curriculums, to previous studies' findings, and to the perceived expectations of learners within Generation Z. Conclusions The results of the study provide a snapshot of first-year student pharmacists' expectations for teaching within the doctor of pharmacy curriculum.
Piracy Landscape Study: Analysis of Existing and Emerging Research Relevant to Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Enforcement of Commercial-Scale Piracy

This report provides an overview of the actors involved in the generation and distribution of pirated content, how these actors are organized, and their financial motivations. It further reviews the peer-reviewed academic literature analyzing the harm caused by digital piracy, both to revenue in legal channels and to creative output in the entertainment sector. Finally, it reviews the peer-reviewed academic literature analyzing the effectiveness of both industry- and government-initiated anti-piracy efforts.
MKP-1 Modulates Mitochondrial Transcription Factors, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Glycolysis

Sepsis is the leading cause of death in the world. Recent reports suggest that in response to sepsis, metabolism of macrophages switches from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. MAPK phosphatase (MKP)-1 (also known as DUSP1) localized in the nucleus and preferentially dephosphorylates p38 and JNK. MKP-1 controls the expression of numerous inflammatory genes and transcription factors, thereby regulating innate and adaptive immunity. MKP-1-deficient animals exhibit aberrant metabolic responses following bacterial infections with a markedly increased mortality in response to sepsis. Because metabolic reprogramming modulates immune responses to TLR-4 activation, we investigated the effect of MKP-1 deficiency on mitochondrial electron transport chains involved in oxidative phosphorylation and transcription factors regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. Mitochondrial biogenesis is regulated by three nuclear-encoded proteins, including transcription factor A (TFAM), nuclear respiratory factors (NRF-1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1-α (PGC-1α). We show that MKP-1-deficient mice/macrophages exhibit, at baseline, higher expression of oxidative phosphorylation, TFAM, PGC-1α, and NRF-1 associated with increased respiration and production of reactive oxygen species as compared with wild-type mice. Surprisingly, MKP-1-deficient mice/macrophages responded to Escherichia coli sepsis or LPS with an impaired metabolic switch; despite enhanced glycolysis, a preserved mitochondrial function and biogenesis are exhibited. Furthermore, inhibition of p38 MAPK had no significant effect on TFAM and NRF-1 either in MKP-1-deficient macrophages or in wild-type macrophages. These findings support the conclusion that MKP-1 plays an important role in regulating proteins involved in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation and modulates expression of mitochondrial transcription factors.