cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Axial Lumbosacral Interbody Fusion Appears Safe as a Method to Obtain Lumbosacral Arthrodesis Distal to Long Fusion Constructs

Background Current methods to achieve lumbosacral interbody fusion have been complicated by approach-related morbidity, nerve root or cauda equina injury, or difficulty in implanting a large lordotic graft posteriorly. There is little information in the literature evaluating the presacral axial approach to the lumbosacral disc space.
Demographics, health behaviors, and past drug use as predictors of recall accuracy for previous prescription medication use.

Abstract Drug data for pharmacoepidemiologic studies are often ascertained by self-report, but little research has addressed the factors influencing its accuracy. Stratified random sampling was used to select individuals for a study comparing interview data on past prescription drug use with dispensation information from the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound pharmacy database. The strata included age, gender, and recency of use. Recall accuracy and its determinants were evaluated for repetitively used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), short-term NSAIDs (only a single dispensation), and post-menopausal estrogens. We investigated whether recall accuracy was influenced by education, marital status, race, smoking, alcohol consumption, cumulative drug history, the number of different NSAIDs or estrogens dispensed (both by name and dosage), and the number of dispensations of the drug in question. For repetitively used NSAIDs, recall accuracy was positively associated with the number of NSAID dispensations (the odds of recall were 1.7 [95% confidence interval {CL}: 1.3 – 2.2] times greater for each additional four dispensations of the NSAID), the total number of drugs dispensed, and the number of different NSAIDs dispensed. For estrogen and short-term NSAID use, only higher educational attainment improved recall accuracy: the odds of recall were 4.1 (95% CI: 1.4–11.7) and 2.1 (95% CI: 1.0–4.7) times greater for those with some college compared with those with only a high school degree, respectively. This study demonstrates that predictors of recall accuracy for previous medication use differ by the type of drug and the repetitiveness of its use.
Analytic Foliations and the Theory of Levels

Let M be a closed n-manifold, ~ a transversely orientable, real-analytic foliation of M by' leaves of dimension n 1. In this note, we establish a basic structure theorem (5.1) for such foliations, obtaining as a corollary (5.2) a result about growth types in real-analytic foliations that was announced in [C-C2, (6.13)]. This growth result has also been announced by Tsuchiya ITs, (5.1)] and is known, independently, by Hector. Hesitancy about publishing this material, at least on the part of the present authors, was due to a fear that the general structure theorem (5.1) might be practically empty. Indeed, that theorem describes the "architecture" of (transversely) analytic foliations via the theory of levels [C-C1], and no examples were known of such foliations with leaves at levels greater than 1. Now, however, by methods of Hirsch [Hi], it is quite easy to show that most of the structure allowed by (5.t) does, in fact, occur. We describe suitable constructions in Sect. 7. We assume familiarity with the theory of levels in C z foliations I-C-C1, C-C2]. In particular, we recall the following.
Phosphoglyceride biosynthesis in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells

Cultured adrenal chromaffin cells, representing a virtually homogeneous population of neuronal elements, have been utilized to examine the final enzymes in the formation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), namely, choline phosphotransferase, ethanolaminephosphotransferase, and the N-methyltransferases in the sequential methylation of PE to PC. Each enzyme has been characterized extensively in terms of substrate requirements, pH optima, detergent and cation effects, and response to inhibitors revealing properties very similar to those in other neural preparations. The respective activities are stable for up to two weeks of adrenal chromaffin cell culture suggesting that this system is a suitable model for examining the relative roles and the regulation of each pathway in PC formation.
Three years, a thousand visits: A case study of the ultimate frequent flyer

Abstract [Schaulis MD, Snoey ER. Three years, a thousand visits: a case study of the ultimate frequent flyer. Ann Emerg Med. July 2001;38:87-89.]
Chemical probes of UDP-galactopyranose mutase

Many pathogenic prokaryotes and eukaryotes possess the machinery required to assemble galactofuranose (Galf)-containing glycoconjugates; these glycoconjugates can be critical for virulence or viability. Accordingly, compounds that block Galf incorporation may serve as therapeutic leads or as probes of the function of Galf-containing glycoconjugates. The enzyme UDP-galactopyranose mutase (UGM) is the only known generator of UDP-galactofuranose, the precursor to Galf residues. We previously employed a high-throughput fluorescence polarization assay to investigate the Klebsiella pneumoniae UGM. We demonstrate the generality of this assay by extending it to UGM from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To identify factors influencing binding, we synthesized a directed library containing a 5-arylidene-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone core, a structure possessing features common to ligands for both homologs. Our studies offer a blueprint for identifying inhibitors of the growing family of UGM homologs and provide insight into UGM inhibition.
Nuclear security culture: a generic model for universal application

Nuclear security culture found its way into professional parlance several years ago, but still lacks an agreed-upon definition and description. Clearly, there is a need for a generic model of nuclear security culture with universal applicability. Internationally acceptable standards in this area would be invaluable for evaluation, comparison, cooperation and assistance. They would also help international bodies to better manage their relations with the nuclear sectors in various countries. This paper develops such a model. It uses the IAEA definition of nuclear security, and then applies Edgar Schein's model of organisational culture to security culture at a generic nuclear facility.
A generalized correlation of diffusion coefficients

Graphical correlations of binary gas diffusion coefficients are developed based on the Hirschfelder-Bird-Spotz diffusion equation and the theorem of corresponding states. A critical diffusion coefficient is defined and is used in turn for a definition of a “reduced” coefficient. The reduced diffusion coefficient is correlated graphically in generalized form in terms of the reduced properties of the diffusing gas. Using air as a reference “barrier” gas, the authors compared critical diffusion coefficients for various gases diffusing through a single barrier gas with the critical coefficients for these gases through air. This ratio, termed the barrier gas ratio, was found to be independent of the properties of the diffusing gas. A graphical correlation of the barrier gas ratio enables rapid estimation of a binary diffusion coefficient with a minimum of information.
Heme-heme interactions in the oxygen equilibrium of some invertebrate myoglobins☆

Abstract Oxygen equilibria of various invertebrate muscle hemoglobins and neurohemoglobins indicate that some of these proteins show significant interactions between oxygen-combining centers, although at constant ionic strength none of these hemoglobins show any Bohr effect. The less the myoglobin is manipulated in its isolation from the muscle, the larger the magnitude of the heme-heme interactions. Reversibility of the oxygenation reaction of Fusitriton myoglobin depends on the secondary and tertiary structure of the protein and on some PCMB-binding site.
Atypical electroencephalographic pattern in a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Abstract Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) has become rare since the widespread use of the measles vaccine. In this patient with a 5 month history of seizures and progressive dementia due to SSPE, the atypical electroencephalographic was pattern characterized by generalized spike-and-wave discharges, maximal on the right, associated with clinical seizures. After diazepam (intravenously), more typical periodic complexes appeared.
Polarization in deuteron-deuteron elastic scattering between 8 and 12 MeV☆

Abstract The vector polarization in d-d elastic scattering has been measured at 8, 10 and 12 MeV. The measured polarization is less than 3%. This is surprising since orbital angular momenta l > 0 contribute strongly to the cross section.
Cholecystokinin induces Fos expression in catecholaminergic neurons of the macaque monkey caudal medulla.

Systemic administration of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK) slows gastric emptying, inhibits feeding, and stimulates pituitary hormone release in rats and primates. To characterize the central neural circuits that mediate these effects in primates, the present study analyzes the distribution and chemical phenotypes of caudal medullary neurons that are activated in rhesus and cynomolgus macaque monkeys after CCK treatment. Monkeys were injected intravenously with CCK (3 or 15 μg/kg b.wt) or vehicle solution (0.15 M NaCl), then were anesthetized and perfused with fixative 75 min later. Coronal tissue sections through the caudal medulla were processed for immunocytochemical localization of the immediate-early gene product Fos as a marker of stimulus-induced neuronal activation, and were double-labeled for tyrosine hydroxylase to identify catecholaminergic cells. Many neurons in the area postrema, nucleus of the solitary tract, and ventrolateral medulla were activated to express Fos in monkeys after CCK treatment, similar to previous reports in rats. Treatment-activated neurons included substantial proportions of the A1/C1 and A2/C2 catecholaminergic cell groups, whereas neurons in the locus coeruleus (A6 cell group) were not activated. These results indicate that the autonomic, behavioral, and neuroendocrine effects produced by systemic administration of CCK involve hindbrain neural systems whose anatomical and chemical features are comparable in rats and primates.
Robust control of VO 2 -coated microactuators based on self-sensing feedback

A novel self-sensing and robust control technique is presented for a vanadium dioxide (VO2)-coated silicon (Si) microactuator. The deflection output of the microactuator is estimated by resistance-based self-sensing through a high-order polynomial model in order to eliminate the need for complicated sensing mechanisms. To accommodate the uncertainties produced by the hysteresis between the deflection and the temperature input, and the error in the self-sensing model, an H∞ robust controller is designed and implemented for deflection control. The performance of the robust controller is tested in experiments under step and sinusoidal reference inputs and compared to that of a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. The H∞ controller outperforms the PID controller with 31% and 43% less root-mean-square-error for the step and sinusoidal references, respectively, while maintaining 3.1% less control effort for the latter.
Separation and partial characterization of neuropeptide-inducing factors in heart cell conditioned medium

Various conditioned media contain multiple factors that regulate the expression of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine, serotonin, and catecholamines and the neuropeptides substance P, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-related peptides, cholecystokinin, and enkephalins in cultured sympathetic neurons. Using biochemical and immunological methods, we identify at least three distinct factors in heart cell conditioned medium: one induces acetylcholine, substance P, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-related peptides while suppressing catecholamine expression, a second factor induces only vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-related peptides, and a third factor induces only somatostatin expression. These observations demonstrate the existence of a group of biochemically and immunologically distinct factors involved in phenotypic specification with unique, but partially overlapping activities. The analogy with the family of differentiation factors in the hematopoietic system is discussed.
Incentive Efficient Control of a Make-to-Stock Production System

This paper considers a principal-agent variant of the classical make-to-stock single-server queueing system. The principal incurs all costs for holding inventory and backordering demand. The agent dynamically controls the production rate at the server and incurs a convex production cost. The principal cannot monitor the production rate but can draw inference from increases in the inventory level. Furthermore, by making payments contingent on the inventory level, the principal motivates the agent to control the production rate in a manner that will minimize the principal's own total expected discounted cost. We show that an optimal incentive payment scheme consists of piece rates and inventory penalties that vary dynamically with the inventory level. This scheme coordinates the system if the agent is risk neutral. Otherwise, operational performance is degraded by the conflict in incentives between principal and agent. We identify some drivers of this agency loss: In addition to discounting and risk aversion in the agent's preferences, which are standard causes of friction in dynamic agency models, an increasing marginal cost of production and slack in the agent's capacity are also found to be lead contributors. Heavy traffic analysis supports these findings through closed-form expressions for the performance of the system under the optimal incentive scheme.
Improved tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) derivatized method for the detection of tyrosinemia type I, amino acids and acylcarnitine disorders using a single extraction process

Abstract Background Succinylacetone (SUAC), a specific marker for tyrosinemia type I (Tyr I) cannot be detected by the routine LC-MS/MS screening of amino acids (AA) and acylcarnitines (AC) in newborns. The current derivatized methods require double extraction of newborn dried blood spots (DBS); one for AA and AC and the second for SUAC from the blood spot left after the first extraction. We have developed a method in which AA, AC and SUAC are extracted in a single extraction resulting in significant reduction in labor and assay time. Methods The 3.2 mm DBS were extracted by incubating at 45 °C for 45 min with 100 μl of acetonitrile (ACN)-water-formic acid mixture containing hydrazine and stable-isotope labeled internal standards of AA, AC and SUAC. The extract was derivatized with n-butanolic-HCl and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Results The average inter-assay CVs for, AA, AC and SUAC were 10.1, 10.8 and 7.1% respectively. The extraction of analytes with ACN-water mixture showed no significant difference in their recovery compared to commonly used solvent MeOH. The concentration of hydrazine had considerable impact on SUAC extraction. Conclusion We developed a new MS/MS derivatized method to detect AA/AC/ SUAC in a single extraction process for screening Tyr I along with disorders of AA and AC.
In vitro survival of rediae of Cyclocoelum microstomum.

Abstract 1. 1. A method is described for obtaining axenic miracidia and rediae of Cyclocoelum microstomum . 2. 2. Rediae were maintained in various culture media for as long as 14 days, but no appreciable growth or development occurred.
A note on unimodular congruence of graphs

Abstract Let Q = Q >( G ) be an oriented vertex-edge incidence matrix for the graph G . Then K ( G ) = Q t Q is an “edge version” of the Kirchhoff, or Laplacian, matrix. The purpose of this note is to examine K ( G ) under (integer) unimodular congruence.
Echocardiography in Marfan's Syndrome

Echocardiographic examinations were performed in 26 patients with clinical evidence of Marfan's syndrome. Twelve patients were demonstrated to have isolated dysfunction of the mitral valvular apparatus of varying severity. Four patients demonstrated involvement of the aortic root as well as mitral valvular abnormalities, and six patients had problems involving the aortic root only. Four patients had no demonstrable cardiac abnormalities. Therapeutic decisions which could previously have been made with confidence only on the basis of cardiac catheterization with angiocardiographic studies were made by ultrasonic evaluation.
(C)overt Action: The Disappearing "C"

(2003). (C)overt Action: The Disappearing 'C' International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence: Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 561-572.
Understanding industrial accidents associated with new technologies: a human resources management approach

The introduction of new technology into existing industries makes unusual demands upon human resources. If these demands are not met, these indus tries can become more accident-prone than they were prior to the introduction of the new technology. In order to identify the human resource needs related to accidents, a diagnostic framework for screening the events preceding accidents is developed. When applied to an accident, the framework generates a subset of events directly related to the accident and expresses these events in terms of human resource activity, in contrast to other approaches which have focused on more conventional equipment or system failure. The framework is illus trated with three commonly known accidents that occurred in the context of new technology. Once the subset of events is obtained by applying the frame work, human resource problems are identified for those events, and some so lutions to the problems are suggested. The human resource problems and so lutions particularly emphasized pertain to training and design of the work routine to avoid vulnerable periods in the work cycle.
Coupled diffusion of heat and vorticity in a gaseous vortex

Abstract This paper describes the coupled diffusion of heat and vorticity in a high temperature, low speed, gaseous vortex. The coupling is caused by both a radial convection of mass resulting from the unsteady heating of the gas and the temperature dependence of the gas properties. The numerical results were obtained by simultaneously solving the fluid heat conduction, continuity, and Navier-Stokes' equations on a digital computer using a finite difference technique. Solutions are presented for two vortex heating situations : (i) initially hot core with cold, irrotational, outer region and (ii) initially cold core with hot, irrotational, outer region. In order to better understand the coupling processes, two gas models are considered : (i) perfect gas with constant thermodynamic and transport properties and (ii) perfect gas with temperature dependent thermodynamic and transport properties. It was found that compressibility increases the rate of vorticity diffusion in the cold core vortex and heat diffusion in the hot core vortex over that of an incompressible vortex. Temperature dependent gas properties further increase the rates of diffusion of both heat and vorticity only in the cold core vortex.
PRECIPITATION OF CRYSTALLINE NpO2 DURING OXIDATIVE CORROSION OF NEPTUNIUM-BEARING URANIUM OXIDES

We report crystallization of NpO2 during aqueous corrosion of unirradiated Np-bearing U3O8 under nominally oxidizing conditions. Powders of Np0.33U2.67O8 (Np:U = 1:8) were reacted in humid air at 90° and 150°C for several weeks in sealed stainless-steel vessels. Reacted solids were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Dehydrated schoepite, (UO2)O0.25–z(OH)1.5+2z (0 ≤ z ≤ 0.15), is the predominant U(VI) compound formed in these experiments and is a minor sink for Np (containing 2 wt.% Np, maximum). The primary sink for Np during corrosion of Np0.33U2.67O8 at 150° C is crystalline NpO2, which crystallized within 2 weeks of reaction in humid air. Corrosion of Np0.33U2.67O8 at 90° C resulted in crystallization of approximately equal proportions of crystalline NpO2 and Np2O5 during 16 weeks of reaction in humid air.
Hallux Varus An Underreported Presentation of Rheumatoid Arthritis

The prevalence of hallux varus deformity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been reported to be extremely rare. However, in South Asian Countries, where open-toed shoes are habitual footwear for the ...
Biodiversity in protected coastal wetlands along the west coast of Lake Huron

Lake Huron protected (barrier-protected) wetlands occur within 1 km of the lake, in swales, interdunal ponds, and other shallow depressions. These wetlands are not directly connected via surface water to Lake Huron, although their hydrology is influenced by lake levels. Biodiversity in them has not been well documented. We compiled plant and animal species occurrence data from published and unpublished sources for the U.S. coast of Lake Huron. Many data sources were reports written by the authors and/or by scientists of the Michigan Natural Features Inventory. Species occurrence data were supplemented with data from published wetlands literature and dissertations and theses. We did not do a thorough compilation for Canadian wetlands and only added limited Canadian data from the “Ontario Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands Atlas”. We estimate that total species richness exceeds 1400 species with about an equal number of plants and animals (600–700 species each). We documented the occurrence of 466 macrophytes in ...
Elliptical Deformation of a Floating Roof Pontoon Due to Radial Second Mode of Sloshing (Effect of the Geometry of Pontoon Cross-Section on the Hoop Membrane Stress)

The radial second mode of sloshing in a circular cylindrical oil storage tank induces an out-of-plane deformation of the floating roof deck. The radial contraction of the deck due to this out-of-plane deformation contains modal components with circumferential wave numbers 0 and 2, thereby causing an elliptical deformation of the pontoon, which encloses the deck. In a previous paper, the stress caused by this elliptical deformation was analyzed by regarding the radial contraction of the deck as an enforced displacement of the whole pontoon. This paper presents an improved method for this stress analysis by considering the radial contraction of the deck as an enforced displacement of the joint between the deck and the pontoon. First, the effectiveness of the previous method in estimating the hoop membrane stress at the joint with the deck is confirmed by comparing the results obtained from the previous and improved method. Next, the improved method is used to predict also the other stress components in each portion of the pontoon. Numerical results reveal that the bending stresses are magnified locally near the joint with the deck and that the hoop membrane stress in the outer portion of the pontoon sensitively depends on the geometry of the cross-section of the pontoon. It is found that the hoop membrane stress near the joint between the outer rim and the top (or bottom) of the pontoon can be significantly reduced by increasing the slope of the top (or bottom) of the pontoon.
Exploring the functional consequences of genomic variation: The 2010 Human Genome Variation Society Scientific Meeting

The 2010 annual scientific meeting of the Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS) was held on November 2 in Washington, DC. The theme of this year's meeting was “Exploring the Functional Consequences of Genomic Variation.” Next generation sequencing technologies now allow investigators to sequence entire genomes of multiple individuals. Each genome contains over 3 million variants in which the functional (or causative) variants need to be identified. Limiting sequencing analysis to only the exome (approximately 1% of the genome) can still result in over 30,000 possible variants per individual that need to be analyzed for their effect on function. Analysis of this massive amount of data will require a combination of computer assisted algorithms and biological studies to identify the causative variants. The 2010 annual meeting of the HGVS focused on methods being designed for this purpose. Hum Mutat 32:1–5, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
ATP Hydrolysis and DNA Binding by the Escherichia coli RecF Protein

The Escherichia coli RecF protein possesses a weak ATP hydrolytic activity. ATP hydrolysis leads to RecF dissociation from double-stranded (ds)DNA. The RecF protein is subject to precipitation and an accompanying inactivation in vitro when not bound to DNA. A mutant RecF protein that can bind but cannot hydrolyze ATP (RecF K36R) does not readily dissociate from dsDNA in the presence of ATP. This is in contrast to the limited dsDNA binding observed for wild-type RecF protein in the presence of ATP but is similar to dsDNA binding by wild-type RecF binding in the presence of the nonhydrolyzable ATP analog, adenosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate (ATPgammaS). In addition, wild-type RecF protein binds tightly to dsDNA in the presence of ATP at low pH where its ATPase activity is blocked. A transfer of RecF protein from labeled to unlabeled dsDNA is observed in the presence of ATP but not ATPgammaS. The transfer is slowed considerably when the RecR protein is also present. In competition experiments, RecF protein appears to bind at random locations on dsDNA and exhibits no special affinity for single strand/double strand junctions when bound to gapped DNA. Possible roles for the ATPase activity of RecF in the regulation of recombinational DNA repair are discussed.
Application of an Integrated Evolutionary Psychological Framework to Psychopathology

Evolutionary psychological theory has the potential to serve as a useful framework for the classification and organization of developmental psychopathology (e.g., see Bjorklund & Ellis, 2005; Ellis...
Generation of a periodic array of dark spatial solitons in the regime of effective amplification

We experimentally demonstrate the generation of a periodic array of dark spatial solitons from two plane waves propagating at some angle in the regime of adiabatic amplification in a Kerr-like medium. The importance of amplification for the generation of clean dark solitons is shown. The combined action of nonlinearity, diffraction, and amplification leads to the reshaping of the input signal into an array of dark solitons with flat phase fronts in the bright background region.
Ambiguity in gamma-ray tracking of `two-interaction¿ events

Tracking of gamma-rays in germanium detectors can allow the full reconstruction of interactions, a feature that is useful in many applications. Scrutiny of the kinematics and geometry of gamma-rays which are Compton scattered only once prior to full absorption reveals that there are special cases where even perfect spatial and energy resolution cannot resolve the true interaction sequence and consequently the gamma-ray tracks cannot be unambiguously reconstructed. The photon energy range where this ambiguity exists is from 255 keV to about 700 keV. This is an energy region of importance for nuclear structure research and a domain where two-point interactions are probable.
Determination of In-Situ Thermal Conductivity, Thermal Diffusivity, Volumetric Specific Heat and Isobaric Specific Heat of Selected Foods Under Pressure

Thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, volumetric specific heat, and isobaric specific heat of tomato puree, soy protein isolate, soybean oil, guacamole, honey, cream cheese, and sucrose solution under pressure was determined using a dual needle probe from 0.1 to 600 MPa at 25°C. Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of tested materials increased with applied pressure, while the isobaric specific heat decreased with pressure. The maximum combined uncertainty in the measurement of thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, volumetric specific heat, and isobaric specific heat were 3.1, 6.8, 6.6, and 6.9%, respectively. The data generated will be useful for the high pressure equipment design and process optimization.
Atomic Force Microscopy Can Detect the Binding of Yeast Replication Factor C to DNA

Both DNA replication and DNA repair processes depend on the activity of numerous DNA polymerase accessory proteins. For example, the eukaryotic clamp loader replication factor C (RFC) is required to load the sliding DNA clamp, PCNA, onto DNA at primer/template junctions. Although the complete RFC-catalyzed loading reaction requires ATP hydrolysis, indirect assays such as surface plasmon resonance have indicated that RFC can bind to single-stranded DNA in the absence of ATP. We have used atomic force microscopy to verify directly that RFC from Saccharomyces cerevisiae can bind to single-stranded DNA in the absence of nucleotides.
Approaches to preventing or reversing platelet alloimmunization using animal models

Animal transfusion models were established to assess treatment programs for preventing or reversing platelet alloimmunization. Five control baboons given weekly transfusions of radiolabeled platelets from a single unrelated donor became immunized after an average of 2.4 +/− 2.1 transfusions. Similarly, 18 of 21 (86%) dogs given up to eight platelet transfusions from a single unrelated donor became immunized after an average of 2.3 +/− 1.7 transfusions. In six of seven baboons, prednisone or antithymocyte globulin alone or in combination effectively delayed platelet alloimmunization. In contrast, only two of 12 (17%) dogs given prednisone or antithymocyte serum (ATS) resisted alloimmunization. Neither splenectomy nor cyclophosphamide prevented alloimmunization in the baboon. In addition, attempts to reduce the immunogenicity of transfused platelets by inactivating the contaminating leukocytes with gamma radiation or by giving leukocyte- poor platelets were of no benefit in dogs. Reversal of platelet alloimmunization was achieved in two of three dogs treated with ATS and procarbazine hydrochloride. However, neither splenectomy, cyclophosphamide, ATS plus prednisone, nor vincristine sulfate produced any improvement. These studies show that the highly immunogenic nature of platelet transfusions in animals makes feasible the study of the prevention and reversal of platelet alloimmunization.
Influence of Hormonal and Chemical Bursectomy on the Development of Acquired Immunity to Coccidia in Broiler Chickens

The effect of bursectomy on the development of acquired immunity to coccidiosis in young broiler chickens was examined. Bursectomy was produced by a combination injection of testosterone at 12 days of embryonation and cyclophosphamide at 1 and 2 days after hatching. Immunity to coccidiosis developed in bursectomized chickens immunized with commercially prepared vaccine (CocciVac D) as were measured by resistance to challenge infection at either 6 or 10 weeks of age. Bursectomy had no marked effect on the development of cell-mediated immunity as measured by delayed type hypersensitivity to coccidial oocyst. Since the cell-mediated immune response was not inhibited in the bursectomized chickens, this response was necessary for the development of acquired immunity to coccidiosis.
Yeast Tdh3 (Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase) Is a Sir2-Interacting Factor That Regulates Transcriptional Silencing and rDNA Recombination

Sir2 is an NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase required to mediate transcriptional silencing and suppress rDNA recombination in budding yeast. We previously identified Tdh3, a glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), as a high expression suppressor of the lethality caused by Sir2 overexpression in yeast cells. Here we show that Tdh3 interacts with Sir2, localizes to silent chromatin in a Sir2-dependent manner, and promotes normal silencing at the telomere and rDNA. Characterization of specific TDH3 alleles suggests that Tdh3's influence on silencing requires nuclear localization but does not correlate with its catalytic activity. Interestingly, a genetic assay suggests that Tdh3, an NAD+-binding protein, influences nuclear NAD+ levels; we speculate that Tdh3 links nuclear Sir2 with NAD+ from the cytoplasm.
The Relevance of Problems Encountered in Attitudinal Research A Personal Perspective

The narrative gives an overview of problems encountered in conducting attitudinal research which include: difficulties with sampling procedures, attitudinal measurement, and attitudinal biases. Implications for researchers include: the need to address the attitudinal biases of each individual involved in the research and the need to develop valid and acceptable attitudinal assessment instruments.
Modification of arginines in d-β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase

Abstract d -β-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase ( d -3-hydroxybutyrate: NAD + oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.30) is a lipid-dependent enzyme which has an absolute and specific rquirement for phosphatidylcholine for function. Chemical derivatization studies using 1,2-cyclohexanedione, an arginine-specific reagent, have been carried out on the purified enzyme devoid of lipid as well as on the enzyme reactivated with phospholipid. Cyclohexanedione inactivated the active enzyme-phospholipid complex and the lipid-free enzyme was rendered inactivatable by phospholipid. From kinetic studies and by direct chemical derivatization studies with [1- 14 C]cyclohexanedione, we find that incorporation of a single cyclohexanedione molecule per enzyme monomer resulted in complete loss of enzymic activity. The presence of NADH or NAD + , cofactors for the enzyme, offered no protection for the rate of inactivation. The substrates β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate with or without coenzyme gave little or no protection. However, 2-methyl malonate, a competitive inhibitor for β-hydroxybutyrate, strongly protected against inactivation. These studies indicate that: (1) a single arginine serves a vital role and is essential for function; (2) the arginine is located in the proximity of the substrate binding site.
The mercury pressure dependence of arsenic doping in HgCdTe, grown by organometallic epitaxy (direct alloy growth process)

Abstract The effect of Hg partial pressure on arsenic doping of HgCdTe is studied. It is found that control of Hg partial pressure is very important in obtaining reproducible doping, and use of high Hg pressure is the key to obtain heavily doped layers. Typically, a factor of 4 increase in the partial pressure of Hg is found to increase the acceptor concentration by about this same magnitude. In addition, arsine doping results in almost uncompensated layers, even though high concentration of Hg vacancies are present. A mechanism is proposed by which As is incorporated as a Cd-As complex, so that it substitutes preferentially on Te sites.
Dietary Components with Demonstrated Effectiveness in Decreasing the Severity of Exercise-Induced Asthma

Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) occurs in up to 90% of individuals with asthma and approximately 10% of the general population without asthma. EIA describes a condition in which vigorous physical activity triggers acute airway narrowing with heightened airway reactivity resulting in reductions in forced expiratory volume in 1 second of greater than 10% compared with pre-exercise values. Treatment of EIA almost exclusively involves the use of pharmacological medications. However, there is accumulating evidence that a dietary excess of salt and omega-6 fatty acids, and a dietary deficiency of antioxidant vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids, can modify the severity of EIA. The modification of these dietary factors has the potential to reduce the incidence and prevalence of this disease. The dietary component most studied to date is dietary salt. Recent studies have supported a role for dietary salt as a modifier of the severity of EIA, suggesting that salt-restrictive diets can reduce the severity of EIA. Since EIA is part of the asthmatic diathesis, it is possible that EIA may serve as a useful model for investigation of potential dietary interventions for reducing airway hyperresponsiveness.
On the standard potential of the mercury:Mercurous sulfate electrode at 25°C in aqueous solution

The standard potential of the mercury:mercurous sulfate electrode in aqueous solution at 25°C is determined in terms of the Weston saturated and Clark saturated standard cells. Eight electrode combinations involving cadmium-amalgam or zinc-amalgam electrodes and one lead-amalgam electrode are employed with the emf of the standard cells. A best value of 0.61544 V was obtained that agrees within 0.09 mV with the value previously reported by Harned and Hamer.
A 10 Gb/s 8-Tap 6b 2-PAM/4-PAM Tomlinson–Harashima Precoding Transmitter for Future Memory-Link Applications in 22-nm SOI CMOS

Tomlinson-Harashima (TH) precoding is a transmitter equalization technique in which the post-cursor intersymbol interference (ISI) is canceled by means of an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter with modulo (MOD)-based amplitude limitation. TH equalizers are suited for asymmetric links, such as DRAM interfaces, where the transmitter contains the equalization complexity and the receiver is kept simple. To increase the data rate, we propose the application of pipelining and half-rate operation to the ISI subtraction in the equalizer's feedback path. A TH equalizer with 8 taps, 6 bit resolution, and 2-PAM/4-PAM support has been implemented in 22-nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS technology. In measurements, the feedback delay reduction techniques allow us to equalize 34-cm-long PCB traces having 12-dB loss with 7 × ISI reduction for 5.0-Gb/s 2-PAM signaling, and in 10.0-Gb/s 4-PAM mode completely closed eye diagrams are opened. The measured efficiency of the 145 μm× 115 μm transmitter is 1.2 pJ/bit in 4-PAM mode at 5.0 Gbaud with disabled equalization and increases linearly with 14 μW/Gbaud per 1% increase of the equalization tap weights.
Schottky diode arrays for submillimeter-wave sideband generation

A 100-element varactor sideband generator array for operation at 1.6 THz has been designed and fabricated. The array consists of varactor Schottky diodes fabricated on GaAs and integrated into an array of bowtie antennas. An integrated transmission line stub is included to tune the diode parasitic capacitance. Harmonic balance simulations predict the array to have a sideband conversion loss of 8.3 dB.
Affective symptoms in schizophrenia

In addition to positive, negative, aggressive and cognitive symptoms, patients with schizophrenia often exhibit affective disorders, including depression and anxiety. Affective symptoms in schizophrenia can be particularly disturbing for patients with schizophrenia, increasing the risk of suicide and diminishing quality of life. The following review examines the prevalence, etiology and treatment of affective symptoms, particularly depression, in patients with schizophrenia.
Soil Phosphorus Forms along a Strong Nutrient Gradient in a Tropical Ombrotrophic Wetland

Phosphorus cycling influences productivity and diversity in tropical wetlands, yet little is known about the forms of P found in the accreting organic matter of these ecosystems. We used alkaline (NaOH-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid [EDTA]) extraction and solution P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to characterize P in surface soils across a strong nutrient gradient within a tropical ombrotrophic peat dome. From the interior bog plain to the marginal Raphia taedigera swamp, total soil P increased from 14.6 to 70.9 g m(-3) and resin-extractable P from 0.1 to 30 mg kg(-1). Phosphatase activity declined across the same transect (364-46 mu mol methylumbelliferone kg(-1) min(-1)), indicating an increase in P availability toward the periphery of the wetland. Organic P identified by solution 31P NMR spectroscopy included phosphomonoesters (12-17%), phosphodiesters (10-14%), and phosphonates (up to 3.3% of total P). Inositol phosphates were not detected in these acidic peats. Inorganic P forms included orthophosphate (9-25% of total P), pyrophosphate (up to 3%), and long-chain polyphosphates; the latter occurred in concentrations (up to 24% of total soil P) considerably higher than previously found in wetland soils. The concentration of residual (unextractable) P was similar among sites (mean 280 mg kg(-1)), resulting in an increase in its proportion of the total soil P from 29% at the P-rich margins to 55% at the P-poor interior. This is the first information on the P composition of tropical wetland soils and provides a basis for further study of the cycling and contribution of P forms to the nutrition of plants and microorganisms.
High-frequency-pass metallic mesh interference filters

High-efficiency metallic mesh high-frequency-pass interference filters have been designed and constructed for the wavenumber region 30→100 cm−1. Widebandpass filters have been fabricated using a combination of highpass and lowpass filters. The highpass filters have performed successfully at low temperatures.
Small state, big revolution: geography and the revolution in Laos

Extant theoretical insights—mostly derived from studies of prominent revolutions in large countries—are less useful when applied to the unfolding of revolutions in small states. To understand why revolutions happened in the latter, a framework is needed that takes into account geography. For small states, geography is more than dotted lines on maps. It is the source of intervention and vulnerability. Deeply mired in history and memory, states’ geographies shape their distinctive identities and have great impacts on national political trajectories, including revolutions. Thus, to provide understanding of revolutions in these countries, no analysis could be complete without taking into account their places, understood in physical, ideational, and historical terms, within their regions and the world. The case of Laos is used to suggest a geographical analysis of revolutions that provides overlooked insights into the origins, processes, and outcomes of revolutions in small, vulnerable states.
Central nervous system-thyroid interrelationships

Summary The problem of CNS-Thyroid interrelationships is considered in two directions. First there is the control exerted by the CNS on the pituitary and thyroid gland functions. Secondly there are those effects which thyroid hormone exerts on the function of the brain. In this category there are those which are concerned with the maturation of the nervous system and those which relate to its function in the adult phase of life. Both were reviewed. In adult animals both hyper- and hypothyroid states have an effect on the EEG and nerve cell electrolyte concentrations, while changes in CNS glucose metabolism and O2 utilization have been clearly demonstrated only in hypothyroid animals. However, changes in the metabolism and uptake of triiodothyronine, lysine and glutamine occur in both dysthyroidal states and indicate that any marked change in thyroid hormone production may be accompanied by altered metabolism of the amino acids within brain protein.
Experimental results of a modified architecture for oversampled, subband acoustic echo cancellers

The motivation for adaptive filtering in subbands stems from two well-known problems in LMS-based fullband adaptive filtering. First, the convergence and tracking can be very slow if the input correlation matrix is ill conditioned such as that found in speech. Second, very high order adaptive filters are computationally expensive. Adaptive filtering in subbands has been proposed to overcome these problems which are commonly encountered in acoustic echo cancellation applications. One problem with this technique is the slow, asymptotic convergence associated with oversampled architectures. A modification of the analysis bank is proposed to reduce the slow asymptotic convergence. The paper presents experimental results illustrating the benefits of this modified architecture. >
Development of a Predictive Model for Postoperative Pulmonary Complications after Cholecystectomy

The purpose of this study was to develop a model to predict the occurrence of a postoperative pulmonary complication (PPC) following cholecystectomy. Seventeen potential risk factors were extracted from the literature by identifying and ranking those most frequently referenced. The study included only those risk factors available to the nurse in the preoperative, intraoperative, and immediate postoperative setting. Three institutions were used for data collection, and data were collected by a retrospective chart review of 300 randomly chosen subjects from a population of 720. Of the 300 subjects, 37 were omitted due to exclusion criteria. A PPC was present in 54 of the remaining 263 subjects (20.5%). Of the original 17 risk factors, 10 were included in model development. The 54 subjects with a PPC and 54 subjects without a PPC (randomly chosen from the remaining 209) were used to determine which combination of risk factors best predicted subject classification (PPC or no PPC). The direct entry discriminant function that provided the highest percentage of correct classification (PPC, no PPC) consisted of five variables: sex, age, smoking history, duration of anesthesia, and nasogastric tube. The resulting equation correctly classified 75% of the cases.
The computer as software component: A mechanism for developing and testing resource management software

In this paper, we present an architecture that encapsulates system hardware inside a software component used for job execution and status monitoring. The development of this interface has enabled system simulation, which yields a number of novel benefits, including dramatically improved debug and testing capabilities.
Incest Offenders' Perceptions of Their Motives to Sexually Offend Within Their Past and Current Life Context

This study explored incest offenders' motives for engaging in a sexual offense. Connections that offenders drew between their motives and past and current life contexts are also examined. A series of qualitative interviews with eight Caucasian male incest offenders currently receiving treatment was used to gather their perceptions of motives. A perceived need for sexual gratification, seeking an outlet from present dissatisfaction, an expression of anger, and the inappropriate display of affection or love were the primary motives described. Early life context of offenders was characterized by physical and emotional abuse and a perception of rejection by one or both parents. Conflict in the marital relationship was the most frequently reported difficulty in their current life related to motives to offend. Offenders drew more connections between motives and life context at the time of the offense than they did to past life context. Implications for treatment are discussed.
The 1-aza-Cope rearrangement

Etude de la transposition de N-cyclohexene-3ylmethylene et N-norbornene-5ylmethylene O-methylcarbamates. Ce type de composes etant aisement accessible par utilisation de la reaction de Diels-Alder avec des derives de l'acroleine, ce procede permet la preparation d'heterocycles azotes. Ainsi les auteurs ont prepare un derive de la pyrroloquinoleine, precurseur de l'aspidospermine
A critical overview on spacecraft charging mitigation methods

Interactions between hazardous space plasmas and spacecraft surfaces often result in spacecraft charging. Spacecraft charging may disturb the scientific measurements onboard, affect communications, control, and operations of spacecraft, and may be harmful to the health of the electronics on the spacecraft. Several mitigation methods have been proposed or tested in recent years. This paper presents a critical overview on all of the mitigation methods known to date: 1) passive methods using sharp spikes and high secondary emission coefficient surface materials and 2) active methods using controlled emissions of electrons, ions, plasmas, neutral gas, and polar molecules. Paradoxically, emission of low-energy positive ions from a highly negatively charged spacecraft can reduce the charging level, because the ions tend to return and may generate secondary electrons which then escape. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each of the methods and illustrate the ideas by means of examples of results obtained on SCATHA and DSCS satellites. Finally, mitigation of deep dielectric charging is briefly discussed.