cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural equation modeling: A guide for the perplexed.

MARTIN, JOHN A. Structural Equation Modeling: A Guide for the Perplexed. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1987, 58, 33-37. Despite seemingly incomprehensible notation and statistical complexity, the basic logic behind latent-variable structural equation modeling is quite simple. These methods are essentially an extension of familiar techniques such as multiple regression and factor analysis. In this light, readers are provided with a set of 5 statements and questions to guide them in their attempts to decipher reports of research employing structural modeling methods.
Fractional quantum Hall effect at high fillings in a two-subband electron system.

Magnetotransport measurements in a clean two-dimensional electron system confined to a wide GaAs quantum well reveal that, when the electrons occupy two electric subbands, the sequences of fractional quantum Hall states observed at high fillings (v > 2) are distinctly different from those of a single-subband system. Notably, when the Fermi energy lies in the ground state Landau level of either of the subbands, no quantum Hall states are seen at the even-denominator v = 5/2 and 7/2 fillings; instead, the observed states are at v = [i + p/(2p ± 1)], where i = 2, 3, 4 and p = 1, 2, 3, and include several new states at v = 13/5, 17/5, 18/5, 25/7, and 14/3.
Relativistic mean-field study of neutron-rich nuclei

A relativistic mean-field model is used to study the ground-state properties of neutron-rich nuclei. Nonlinear isoscalar-isovector terms, unconstrained by present day phenomenology, are added to the model Lagrangian in order to modify the poorly known density dependence of the symmetry energy. These new terms soften the symmetry energy and reshape the theoretical neutron drip line without compromising the agreement with existing ground-state information. A strong correlation between the neutron radius of ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ and the binding energy of valence orbitals is found: the smaller the neutron radius of ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb},$ the weaker the binding energy of the last occupied neutron orbital. Thus, models with the softest symmetry energy are the first ones to drip neutrons. Further, in anticipation of the upcoming 1% measurement of the neutron radius of ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ at the Thomas Jefferson Laboratory, a close relationship between the neutron radius of ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ and neutron radii of elements of relevance to atomic parity-violating experiments is established.
Conversion of schlieren systems to high-speed interferometers

Methods of converting schlieren systems into interferometers for high speed applications have been studied both theoretically and experimentally. Theoretical analyses include dark central ground, field absorption (also called point diffraction), and phase contrast interferometers. Experimentally, dark central ground and field absorption has been used in a 45 cm diameter double pass schlieren to produce infinite fringe interferograms of projectiles flying at approximately 1600 m/s. The latter was done in the Aeroballistics Research Facility, Eglin AFB without special attention being given to vibration or to temperature changes. Some possible vibration effects are discussed.
Metastatic melanoma following repeated cryotherapy of recurrent pigmentation of the conjunctiva and adjacent eyelid

The authors report a patient who had repeated cryotherapy treatments for clinically flat conjunctival and adjacent eyelid pigmentation after an initial biopsy revealed only intraepitheli-al disease: primary acquired melanosis in the conjunctiva and lentigo maligna in the adjacent eyelid skin. There was no evidence of melanoma in either location. After repeated treatments, the pigmentation totally regressed. The patient never clinically developed a tumor nodule although a small zone of pigment in the palpebral conjunctiva appeared minimally thickened. The patient died of metastatic melanoma five years after initiation of cryotherapy. The terminal diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy and no second primary melanocytic neoplasm was discovered. This case illustrates three features: (1) the difficulty in clinically distinguishing between benign primary acquired melanosis (PAM) and malignant melanoma in the palpebral conjunctiva, (2) the rare tendency of thin melanomas to metastasize, and (3) the failure of cryoth...
A cross-industry time-series analysis of quits

Abstract This study estimates quit equations for 19 manufacturing industries with pooled cross-sectional time-series data over a 21 year period. The most important finding is that workers respond more quickly to changes in their industry wage than to changes in aggregate wages or prices in deciding whether to quit. A model is developed demonstrating that with this result, efficiency wage theory may be able to explain nominal wage rigidity. The results also suggest that workers respond more quickly to changes in prices than to changes in wages in other industries in deciding whether to quit.
Polarity and the degradation of mRNA.

Kinetic studies of the synthesis and degradation of mRNA in wild type E. coli and strains with nonsense mutations in the trp operon suggest that genetic polarity may result from degradation of mRNA, prematurely exposed to attack by exo and endoribonucleases.
Magnetic resonant wireless power delivery for distributed sensor and wireless systems

In this paper we report on a resonant wireless power delivery system using magnetoquasistatic fields. The system consists of a source coil impedance matched to a function generator using a resonant circuit and one or more repeater, or relay, resonant tanks that couple energy from source coil to loads distributed in the system. We experimentally map the power distribution for one and multiple loads as a function of distance from the source and repeater. We then use this information to construct a resonant wireless power delivery system using a distributed set of 4 repeaters and 6 loads, delivering 15 mW total over a distance of 6.4 ft. We also demonstrate that the distributed system is not strongly perturbed by weakly conducting obstructions, such as the human body, enabling non-line-of-sight wireless power of sensor and wireless networks.
Spectral relationships for non-stationary, stochastic processes

Abstract Various spectral relationships are developed for energy-bounded and power-bounded functions in terms of a running-parameter (time) Fourier Transform. The resultant spectral densities and auto-(or cross-) correlation functions are initially generalized for N dimensions, and then specialized in terms of the more familiar one-dimensional relationships. From each relationship a parametric (temporal) average is developed; for the temporally averaged power (time-variant) spectral density the relationship which accrues is a well-known one. When the (temporal) function is considered as a member of a non-stationary, stochastic process, several of the resultant ensemble averaged relationships are also well-known. Moreover, when a wide-sense (second-order) stationary stochastic process is considered as a special case of a non-stationary stochastic process, the ensemble averaged, power spectral density-auto-correlation relationship is the well-known Wiener-Khintchine theorem. Furthermore, the running-parameter (time) Fourier Transform is expressed in a Bochner form, and the complementary inverse transform is related to Wiener's Generalized Harmonic Theorem. Finally, an indication is given as to how the relationships may be extended to general force-fields (such as distance, velocity, acceleration, force, etc.), and analytic representations in terms of Hermitian products. The exposition does much to clarify the essential difference between a correlation function defined for stochastic processes (or other power-bounded functions) and a correlation function defined for aperiodic signals (or other energy-bounded functions); also, the respective relationships of these two different correlation functions to running variable (time), power spectral density, and energy spectral density.
Insights into RNA structure and function from genome-wide studies

A comprehensive understanding of RNA structure will provide fundamental insights into the cellular function of both coding and non-coding RNAs. Although many RNA structures have been analysed by traditional biophysical and biochemical methods, the low-throughput nature of these approaches has prevented investigation of the vast majority of cellular transcripts. Triggered by advances in sequencing technology, genome-wide approaches for probing the transcriptome are beginning to reveal how RNA structure affects each step of protein expression and RNA stability. In this Review, we discuss the emerging relationships between RNA structure and the regulation of gene expression.
High-mobility group box 1 protein initiates postoperative cognitive decline by engaging bone marrow-derived macrophages

Background Aseptic trauma engages the innate immune response to trigger a neuroinflammatory reaction that results in postoperative cognitive decline. We sought to determine whether high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), an ubiquitous nucleosomal protein, initiates this process through activation and trafficking of circulating bone marrow-derived macrophages to the brain.
Mixture representations for discrete Linnik laws

In this paper we give mixture representations for the discrete Mittag-Leffler and Linnik laws. Our results form the discrete analogues of the mixture representations for the generalized symmetric Linnik distribution obtained by PAKES (1998). As an application, we derive the infinite divisibility of mixtures of Mittag-Leffler distributions. Alternative mixture representations in terms of discrete stable distributions are also presented.
Removal of surface oxide from electrical test (E-test) pads using an argon sputter etch procedure to recover TAB wafers

In Intel's manufacturing flow, discrete devices in the scribeline of wafers are tested (E-Test structures) to determine if they meet specifications for reliability and functionality. The wafers are then sorted to determine die functionality. Probing equipment is used to measure E-test structures by way of aluminum pads (E-Test pads) which make contact with devices in the scribeline. Tape automated bonding packaging requires additional processing (compared to Wire Bonded devices) to plate gold bumps on to the die bond pads. The gold bumps are not plated on the E-Test pads but they receive additional processing which may create an insulating surface layer, such as aluminum oxide, preventing the acquisition of reliability information from the wafer tested. If reliability data is not available, wafers are discarded even though the die present on the wafer may be functional. An argon sputter etch procedure is suggested to remove the problematic insulating oxide and recover wafers. The major concerns associated with using a sputter etch recovery procedure include: redistribution of gold across the surface of the wafer; gate charging due to the sputter process; polyimide (PI) surface roughness and thickness issues; encapsulation adhesion issues; and elevated burn-in fallout. This paper will discuss the procedure used to remove surface oxide and experiments to determine if recovery was successful. Process characterization which encompassed etch time and RF power were used to optimize the recovery procedure for reliability purposes. The experimental parameters evaluated include: E-Test parametric data to compare recovered wafers to baseline wafers; threshold voltage data; pad to pad surface leakage due to gold redistribution; SEM cross sections and profilometry to ensure PI integrity; and C-mode Scanning Acoustic Microscopy to address encapsulation adhesion concerns.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
X-ray and Infrared Data on Hectorite-Guanidines and Montmorillonite-Guanidines1

ABSTRACT Clay-organic complexes of the clay minerals sodium hectorite and sodium montmorillonite with the hydrochlorides of guanidine, amino-guanidine, methylguanidine, and triamino-guanidine were examined for thermal stability by the oscillating-heating x-ray technique. Completely exchanged complexes increase the thermal stability of these two clays by as much as 275°C. Infrared analyses were also made on these same clay-organic complexes. There is a marked difference between the infrared patterns of the clay-organic complexes and the patterns of the clays or the organic salts alone. More experimental work must be done before it will be possible to interpret completely the clay-organic infrared patterns.
Hydrogenation of InN and InGaN

Electrical passivation by atomic hydrogen of native donors in epitaxial InN and InGaN has been studied as a function of the hydrogen plasma process parameters. In electron cyclotron resonance discharges, the passivation efficiency increases with microwave power but decreases with pressure. The InN surface is susceptible to degradation by preferential loss of N during the hydrogenation. The reactivation of the donors in both materials occurs with the same characteristics around /spl sim/500/spl deg/C, suggesting a common origin.
The Relationship Between Challenging Behavior and Symptoms of Depression in Intellectually Disabled Adults with and without Autism Spectrum Disorders

The presence of an intellectual disability (ID) is associated with the presence of co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses, and challenging behavior. Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and other comorbid psychopathologies are also commonly–observed in this population. Behavioral profiles of depression may help clinicians to detect depression in individuals with ID. In this study of 332 adults with intellectual disability, we found a significant association between symptoms of depression in those with ASD, PDD-NOS, and those with an ID and no ASD. Aggressive/destructive behavior and stereotyped behavior was significantly predictive in all conditions, but self-injurious behavior appears to be a useful predictor only in those with an ASD. Diagnosticians should consider the possibility of a depressive disorder when individuals with an ID present with challenging behavior.
Analytic methods for the calculation of the electronic structure of solids.

Andersen's atomic-sphere approximation has been utilized with approximations based upon linear-combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) theory to obtain approximate energy-band parameters for solids. Simple analytic expressions for the bandwidth and position of the band center have been derived that require only free-atom wave functions evaluated at the Wigner-Seitz atomic-sphere radius. For convenience, the method has been named the atomic surface method (ASM). The following simple analytic expressions for the band parameters have been derived from the ASM: (i) The bandwidth is equal to the product of h/sup 2//m, the gradient of the electron density at the atomic-sphere radius, and the surface area of the sphere; (ii) the average band energy is shifted from the atomic-term-value energy by an amount given by the product of the bandwidth, electron density at the atomic-sphere radius, and atomic-sphere volume. The theory has been applied without adjustable parameters to the transition metals and f-shell metals with use of tabulated Hartree-Fock wave functions and is in reasonable agreement with full band-structure calculations. The same analysis is applied to atomic core states under compression and is also in reasonable agreement with complete band-structure calculations. The 2s and 2p states of Na and Al have been calculated tomore » the point where they merge with the conduction band as free-electron states. These bandwidths and shifts are also written in terms of the atomic term values by using the asymptotic form of the radial wave function. Finally, the LCAO energy bands of Ni are calculated with use of the ASM parameters.« less
Verification of a field theory analysis applied to a helical motion induction motor

Description is presented for a helical-motion induction motor (HMIM) that can be used in a tandem arrangement of two units to form a direct-acting, two-degree-of-freedom actuator capable of producing pure rotary motion, pure linear motion, or helical motion. With the use of field theory analysis, expressions for developed axial thrust and rotary torque are derived. Experimental data recorded from an operational model of the HMIM show excellent agreement with theoretically predicted values of thrust and torque. A tubular induction motor is described that is suitable for general helical motion with certain performance features superior to those of known machines that exhibit combined rotary and translational motion. >
DOCUMENTARY AS ART IN U. S. CAMERA

Abstract This essay studies how photographs made by the Farm Security Administration (FSA) during the Depression negotiate the complicated rhetorical space between “art”; and “documentary”; in Edward Steichen and Tom Maloney's photography journal U. S. Camera. I conclude that Steichen's insistence upon separating the documentary purposes of the FSA project from issues of aesthetics relies upon the construction of a false dichotomy that is nevertheless rhetorically productive, for it recognizes the realities of the time—that a government photography project created to publicize efforts to manage poverty could not align it self with the discourses of art and expect to survive.
Why We Need a Biopsychosocial Perspective with Vulnerable, Oppressed, and At-Risk Clients

This article considers why we need to take a biopsychosocial perspective in assessment and treatment of individuals. Using psychological concepts drawn from drive theory, ego psychology, object relations, attachment theory, self psychology and relational theory, the author makes explicit the need to connect these ideas with social and biological contexts. Arguing that psychodynamic theories contain the social as well as the psychological, the author traces Freud's social commitments, the role of critical race theory, the importance of social contexts in shaping development while also considering the effects of neglect, trauma and abuse on the developing brain. Holding in mind all of these positions, is what makes clinical social work truly the impossible profession.
Soft-gluon effects in nonleptonic decays of charmed mesons

In this paper, soft-gluon effects in nonleptonic decays of D and F mesons are studied nonperturbatively by use of a QCD multipole expansion. Finally, for reasonable values of D-meson bound-state parameters, the soft-gluon effects lead to a significant difference in the lifetimes of the D0 and D+ mesons.
809 FAVORABLE RESPONSE TO TRANSFER FACTOR IN GENERALIZED BATTEY BACILLUS INFECTION

An 11 year old white girl presented with an 8-month history of thigh pain and weight loss. Skeletal survey showed multiple lytic lesions with radiographic appearance of “eosinophilic granuloma”. Tibial biopsy showed chronic osteomyelitis. Bone marrow culture grew Mycobacterium avium-intracelluare (Battey bacillus). A PPD-B skin test was positive with 27 mm. induration. A 6-drug anti-mycobacterial regimen was instituted but the disease progressed over the next 9 months with development of new bony lesions and subcutaneous abscesses with sinus tract formation at aspiration sites. Cultures of aspirated material again grew Battey bacillus and PPD-B skin test became negative. Immunologic evaluation revealed leukocytosis, an elevation of gammaglobulins, sed. rate, B-cells and serum lyzozymes. Phagocytosis and monocyte chemotaxis were normal. Nine months after diagnosis she received 2 units of Transfer Factor prepared from a highly reactive PPD-B donor. Four and 6 weeks later one additional unit was given. Over the next few months her clinical status improved dramatically with healing of sinus tracts, weight gain and gradual resolution of bony lesions. Although the sed. rate remains elevated, the leukocyte count and immunoglobulins are approaching normal values. This experience suggests that further clinical trials with Transfer Factor are warranted in such Battey bacillus infection.
One-Step Synthesis and Photoluminescence Evaluation of Cadmium-Containing Quantum Dots

We have developed a simple one-step process for synthesis of ternary quantum dots (ZnCdSe, MgCdSe) with photoluminescence wavelengths ranging from the red to the blue region of the visible spectrum. The primary aim of this work was to develop a synthesis for the preparation of Cd-containing quantum dots using a Cd precursor with lower toxicity than those used in common syntheses. This synthesis makes use of Cd(acac)2 which is significantly less toxic than precursors such as CdO and CdCl2. We have studied the effect of solvent boiling point, precursors and reaction time on the photoluminescence properties of the ternary quantum dots. Ternary quantum dots synthesized from Cd(acac)2 in low boiling point solvents have photoluminescence wavelengths in the blue region, while those synthesized in high boiling point solvents have photoluminescence wavelengths in the red region.
Health as an Objective Value

Variants on two approaches to the concept of health have dominated the philosophy of medicine, here referred to as 'reductionist' and 'relativist'. These two approaches share the basic assumption that the concept of health cannot be both based on an empirical biological foundation and be evaluative, and thus adopt either the view that it is 'objective' or evaluative. It is here argued that there are a subset of value concepts that are formed in recognition of certain fundamental facts about living organisms, among which is the concept of health. These are not yet moral concepts, but they are 'normative' or 'evaluative'. The view is defended that health, so understood, is a fundamental concept in the process of medical diagnosis and treatment.
Separation of Type I and III Isomers of Copro- and Uroporphyrins Using Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis

Abstract Naturally occurring 8- and 4-carboxylic porphyrin I and III isomers are separated using a run buffer consisting of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and phosphate as the electrolyte. The method requires the use of deactivated capillaries to minimize protein-wall interactions. The uroporphyrin isomers are resolved in 15 minutes while the separation of the coproporphyrin isomers requires 28 minutes. Retention times are largely characteristic of the number of carboxylic acid side chains as well as the relative affinity for BSA. The binding of porphyrins to BSA is supported by a wavelength maxima red shift in the soret region when using BSA in the run buffer.
You can't go home again: transcriptionally driven alteration of cell signaling by NGF.

Here we review findings indicating that neurotrophins such as NGF promote changes in gene transcription that in turn influence the ways that cells subsequently respond to trophic factors. As a result, initial responses of "naive" cells to NGF and other trophic agents differ from those of cells with prior NGF exposure. We discuss specific examples based on reports in the literature as well as on data derived from a serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) study of NGF-promoted transcriptional changes in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells.
Characteristics of hip fractures among hospitalized elder Mexican American Black and White Medicare beneficiaries in the Southwestern United States.

Background and aims: Hip fractures are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the older adult population. The evidence of the incidence of morbidity and mortality in Mexican Americans compared to other ethnic groups is mixed. This study aims to examine characteristics and utilization patterns of older Mexican Americans compared to Whites and Blacks, hospitalized for hip fracture in the Southwestern United States. Methods: Retrospective analysis of the Medicare and Medicaid claims data for the southwestern states of California, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and Texas. All Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and above, hospitalized for non-pathologic hip fractures, participated in the study. Mexican Americans were directly identified from the H-EPESE database. The primary outcome measures were length of stay, total charges and number of diagnoses. Results: The total proportion of hospital encounters related to hip fractures within each ethnic group was 3.7% for Whites, 2.0% for Mexican Americans and 1.2% for Blacks. The mean patient age for the hip fracture was 82.5 years while the non-hip fractures encounters had a mean age of 76.6 years. A higher percentage of Mexican Americans who suffered fracture were female. Although length of stay for Mexican Americans was equivalent to Whites, comparative total charges for Mexican Americans were lower. Mexican Americans also have lower mean number of diagnoses at admission than the other groups (MA=5.5, B=6.2, W=5.9: p<0.001). Conclusions: Mexican American elders in the southwestern United States who are hospitalized for hip fractures are more likely to be female, relatively healthier, and have lower health care costs when compared to Whites and especially to Blacks in the same region.
Two-Directional Immunoelectrophoresis: Technique and Applications in the Clinical Laboratory

Abstract Some recent applications of “crossed electrophoresis” (also called “electro-immunodiffusion” and “rocket electrophoresis”) are reviewed, particularly in the clinical laboratory.
Radiometer aperture synthesis for soil moisture mapping

A major application for a 21 cm radiometer is the remote sensing of soil moisture which is possible because of the large contrast between the dielectric constant of dry soil (approximately equals 3.5) and that of liquid water ( approximately equals 80). One of the major problems with the utilization of long wavelength radiometers from satellite platforms has been the large antenna size required with its substantial mass. For example, at satellite altitudes an antenna size of at least 10 m is required to obtain resolutions in the 10-20 km range. The size requirement is fundamental but the mass can be reduced by using unfilled arrays or as will be described here a thinned array antenna. Such a system operating at L-Band ((lambda) equals 21 cm or 1.42 GHz) has been developed and tested from an aircraft platform. It is called ESTAR (Electronically Scanned Thinned Array Radiometer) and it uses linear (stick) antennas in the along-track direction and aperture synthesis between pairs of sticks separated by odd multiples on half wavelengths in the cross track direction. The approximate dimensions of the antenna are 1 meter by 1 meter. Results from an evaluation series of flights over a study watershed in Oklahoma indicate that such a system can provide useful soil moisture information.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The use of blood components in patients with malignancy.

Many recent improvements in the management of patients with malignancy would have been impossible without parallel improvements in our ability to support patients through periods of severe bone marrow aplasia produced by the disease or aggressive therapy of the disease. The purpose of this article is to review the use of transfusion of platelets, erythrocytes, and granulocytes in the treatment of these patients.
Reversible PH Lability of Cross-Linked Vault Nanocapsules

Vaults are ubiquitous, self-assembled protein nanocapsules with dimension in the sub-100 nm range that are conserved across diverse phyla from worms to humans. Their normal presence in humans at a copy number of over 10 000/cell makes them attractive as potential drug delivery vehicles. Toward this goal, bifunctional amine-reactive reagents are shown to be useful for the reversible cross-linking of recombinant vaults such that they may be closed and opened in a controllable manner.
Mefenoxam Sensitivity, Aggressiveness, and Identification of Pythium Species Causing Root Rot on Floriculture Crops in North Carolina.

Herbaceous ornamental plants exhibiting symptoms of Pythium root rot were collected from 26 greenhouses in 21 counties in North Carolina (NC) from 2010 to 2012. Plant symptoms ranged from mild stunting to severe wilting, root rot, and death. Roots were plated on selective media, and 356 isolates of Pythium were recovered from 34 host species. Selected isolates were identified by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA gene region. Seventeen Pythium species were identified, with P. aphanidermatum, P. irregulare, and P. myriotylum comprising 75% of the 320 isolates sequenced. Twelve of the 26 greenhouses had more than one species present. Mefenoxam sensitivity was tested in vitro by growing isolates in wells of microtiter plates containing clarified V8 agar amended with 100 µg a.i./ml mefenoxam. Colonization was scored after 24 to 48 h using a scale of 0 (no growth) to 5 (entire well colonized). Fifty-two percent of the isolates were resistant to mefenoxam (mean score ≥4). All 32 isolates o...
Fibrillating myocardium : rabbit warren or beehive?

Until 20 years ago, it was thought that atrial and ventricular fibrillation were highly disorganized, with tens or hundreds of tiny wandering wavelets simultaneously present and following ever-changing pathways.1 In this model, the disorganization is due to intrinsic heterogeneity of refractory periods that causes transitory islets of refractoriness about which wavelets circulate. However, about two decades ago, a new view emerged. This model was based on the theoretical2 3 4 5 and experimental6 finding that the heart could support electrical waves that rotate about a functional, rather than anatomical, obstacle. These so-called rotors were thought to be the primary “organizing centers” for fibrillation, and refractory period heterogeneity was a secondary factor, possibly modulating and masking the activity of rotors, but not driving the rhythm.7 Indeed, electrical and optical mapping have demonstrated a considerable organization during ventricular fibrillation (VF).8 9 10 11 12 13 These studies indicate that activation fronts are frequently large during fibrillation and follow pathways that are centimeters in length. In addition, many of these activation fronts follow similar pathways. Surprisingly, however, after the first few seconds of VF, rotors are rarely observed. In several recent mapping studies, only 2% to 8% of activation fronts were identified as parts of reentrant circuits. …
Boston College’s Defense of the Belfast Project: A Renewed Call for a Researcher's Privilege to Protect Academia

Protecting the free exchange of ideas in academia, much like in journalism, has long been considered an American value and a necessary condition for a free and healthy democracy. The importance of academic autonomy, including the processes by which scholars collect, store and exchange information, is correspondingly of great importance to anyone happily living in a free society. Recent efforts by Boston College to fight the Federal government, acting on behalf of the United Kingdom to secure confidential and highly sensitive audio tapes collected and archived as part of an academic study, sheds new light on an ailment in American law. The tremendous legal challenge that Boston College has recently endured in its unsuccessful bid to protect academic sources is not only offensive to our social conscience, but on a more technical level stands in staunch contrast to cutting edge developments in international human rights law. Ironically, the subpoena request from the United Kingdom asks the United States to perform an act that would be of highly questionable legality under European law to which the United Kingdom is bound — Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights. If a researcher’s privilege is to be recognized in the United States, it will require the Supreme Court to recalculate, much like European courts have, the great societal value of scholarly research.
A model for Doppler peak spectral shift for low grazing angle sea scatter

A model is formulated for Doppler spectral characteristics of radar sea scatter for low grazing angles, and is compared with previous radar measurements reported in the literature. The Doppler model is based upon the two-scale model for radar scatter, with scatterer motions hypothesized as due to the orbital wave velocity of the large-scale waves, Stokes and wind drift currents, and the phase velocity of the small-scale Bragg scatterers. Expressions for Doppler shifts due to these motions are derived, and are given as a function of wave height, wave period, and wind speed. Although this model appears to account for the peak Doppler shift of the sea-scatter Doppler spectrum for vertical polarization, it is insufficient to describe horizontally and cross-polarized data, which have larger mean Doppler shifts. However, these two cases are found to scale very closely with the nearly simultaneous vertically polarized data for the variety of environmental conditions reported. Implications of the extension of these results to higher-angle remote-sensing applications are discussed.
The Text Form of the OT Citations in Hebrews Chapter 1 and the Implications for the Study of the Septuagint

This paper offers a detailed investigation of the LXX texts underlying the seven OT citations in Hebrews chapter 1, taking account of significant twentieth-century manuscript discoveries and recent developments in the field of Septuagintal Studies. The findings are then related to the study of the use of the OT in the NT more generally, and to some important current issues in the study of the LXX, such as the value of Lucianic readings. This investigation supports the growing consensus that the author of Hebrews reproduced his scriptural citations faithfully, so that the burden of proof should now rest with those who argue for a deliberate alteration of his source.
Adoptee Dissimilarity from the Adoptive Family: Clinical Practice and Research Implications

A review of theoretical, clinical, and empirical literature was conducted regarding the effect of adoptee dissimilarity from the adoptive fam- ily. There is empirical evidence of a relationship between dissimilarity and searching for birth parents, satisfaction with the adoption, and adjustment. A theory of an effect of identity-seeking on searching by adoptees has also been formulated. It is suggested, therefore, that an effort to establish one's identity may mediate a relationship between adoptee dissimilarity and searching. Im- plications are presented for social work practice and research, and for public policy and education, in instances of same race and transracial adoption. In examining the experience of adopted children, the question of be- ing or feeling different from the adoptive family arises. In the adop- tion literature this is referred to as "dissimilarity". Interest in the effect of dissimilarity, while not recent, is renewed by the controversy concerning whether transracial adoption should occur. Because of the differences in physical features which are characteristic of most transracial adoptions, questions regarding the effect of dissimilarity are of special interest. At the same time, there has not been sufficient research to yield answers to these questions. The purpose of this pa- per, therefore, is to review general adoption literature which contains theoretical formulations, empirical findings, and clinical case mate- rials regarding dissimilarity. Theoretical formulations refer here to the systematic organization of ideas in order to understand a particu-
Postoperative Pneumonia-Prevention Program for the Inpatient Surgical Ward

Background Postoperative pneumonia can lead to increased morbidity, length of hospital stay, and costs. Pneumonia-prevention programs have been successfully implemented in ICU settings, but no program exists for surgical ward patients. Study Design A pilot prevention program was designed and implemented based on literature review. The program consisted of education of physicians and ward staff and a standardized postoperative electronic order set consisting of incentive spirometer, chlorhexidine oral hygiene, ambulation, and head-of-bed elevation. Quarterly staff meetings discussed the results of and compliance with the program. The intervention commenced in April 2007. Baseline incidence of inpatient ward pneumonia was calculated from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database for fiscal year (FY) 2006 and FY 2007. Postintervention incidence was calculated in the same manner from FY 2007 through FY 2008. Any patient who contracted pneumonia in the ICU was excluded from analysis. Results There was a significant decrease in ward pneumonia incidence from 0.78% in the preintervention group compared with 0.18% in the postintervention group (p = 0.006), representing an 81% decrease in incidence from 2006 to 2008. Conclusions The pneumonia-prevention program was very successful in diminishing postoperative pneumonia on the surgical ward. There was a highly statistically significant 4-fold decrease in pneumonia incidence after program implementation. The interventions were not costly but did require ongoing communication and cooperation between physician and nursing leadership to achieve compliance with the measures. This program has great potential for dissemination to hospital surgical wards and could decrease inpatient postoperative pneumonias.
CysB Negatively Affects the Transcription of pqsR and Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal Production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium that is ubiquitous in the environment, and it is an opportunistic pathogen that can infect a variety of hosts, including humans. During the process of infection, P. aeruginosa coordinates the expression of numerous virulence factors through the production of multiple cell-to-cell signaling molecules. The production of these signaling molecules is linked through a regulatory network, with the signal N-(3-oxododecanoyl) homoserine lactone and its receptor LasR controlling the induction of a second acyl-homoserine lactone signal and the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS). LasR-mediated control of PQS occurs partly by activating the transcription of pqsR, a gene that encodes the PQS receptor and is necessary for PQS production. We show that LasR interacts with a single binding site in the pqsR promoter region and that it does not influence the transcription of the divergently transcribed gene, nadA. Using DNA affinity chromatography, we identified additional proteins that interact with the pqsR-nadA intergenic region. These include the H-NS family members MvaT and MvaU, and CysB, a transcriptional regulator that controls sulfur uptake and cysteine biosynthesis. We show that CysB interacts with the pqsR promoter and that CysB represses pqsR transcription and PQS production. Additionally, we provide evidence that CysB can interfere with the activation of pqsR transcription by LasR. However, as seen with other CysB-regulated genes, pqsR expression was not differentially regulated in response to cysteine levels. These findings demonstrate a novel role for CysB in influencing cell-to-cell signal production by P. aeruginosa. IMPORTANCE The production of PQS and other 4-hydroxy-2-alkylquinolone (HAQs) compounds is a key component of the P. aeruginosa cell-to-cell signaling network, impacts multiple physiological functions, and is required for virulence. PqsR directly regulates the genes necessary for HAQ production, but little is known about the regulation of pqsR. We identified CysB as a novel regulator of pqsR and PQS production, but, unlike other CysB-controlled genes, it does not appear to regulate pqsR in response to cysteine. This implies that CysB functions as both a cysteine-responsive and cysteine-unresponsive regulator in P. aeruginosa.
Integration of Mediastinal Staging Techniques for Lung Cancer

Accurate mediastinal staging is important, and many imaging and invasive mediastinal staging tests are available. The data are confusing because patients with particular characteristics (ie, node size or location) are selected for different staging procedures. An approach is presented that integrates the various available tests and selects those tests with the highest ability to answer the question at hand. The goal is to maximize efficiency by enhancing staging accuracy while minimizing the number of tests each patient is subjected to.
The Design, Fabrication and Test Results of a 1.6 THz Superconducting Hot Electron Bolometer Mixer on SOI

Interest in THz technology is growing, with projects such as the Atacama large millimeter array (ALMA) astronomical observatory, biohazard remote detection, high frequency radar and other detection systems. This paper presents the design, fabrication and test results of a 1.6 THz superconducting phonon-cooled NbN hot electron bolometer. Elements of the mixer design, including simulation results and S-parameters, are presented. A novel fabrication process, the suspended sidewall nano patterned stencil (SSNaPS) procedure, along with unique thin silicon backside processing, is used to create these THz mixers. For the phonon-cooled mixer, a receiver noise temperature of 3474 K and a mixer noise temperature of 613 K were obtained. DC characterization and RF test results are discussed.
Discontinuity meshing for accurate radiosity

An algorithm for compactly and accurately capturing the illumination of a diffuse polyhedral environment caused by an area light source is presented. The algorithm constructs a discontinuity mesh that explicitly represents discontinuities in the radiance function as boundaries between mesh elements. A piecewise quadratic interpolant is used to approximate the radiance function, preserving the discontinuities associated with the edges in the mesh. >
Relationship of residual stress to dislocation density in cold-worked martensitic alloy

Transmutation of spent nuclear fuels is globally being considered to reduce their radioactivity through capture and decay of minor actinides and fission products. Such reduction in radioactivity may enable their disposal in potential repositories for shorter durations. The target structural materials used in transmutation may undergo plastic deformation. A candidate target structural material, namely martensitic Alloy EP-823 was subjected to different levels of cold-reduction. The cold-worked materials were analyzed for characterization of the resultant residual stresses by positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS). Efforts were also made to characterize dislocations in these cold-worked materials by transmission electron microscopy, and to correlate them to the residual stresses characterized by the PAS technique. This study indicates that the dislocation density was increased at higher levels of cold-reduction, which was associated with enhanced residual stress in terms of a line-shape parameter determined by the PAS technique.
Motor Sequence Complexity and Performing Hand Produce Differential Patterns of Hemispheric Lateralization

Studies in brain damaged patients conclude that the left hemisphere is dominant for controlling heterogeneous sequences performed by either hand, presumably due to the cognitive resources involved in planning complex sequential movements. To determine if this lateralized effect is due to asymmetries in primary sensorimotor or association cortex, whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure differences in volume of activation while healthy right-handed subjects performed repetitive (simple) or heterogeneous (complex) finger sequences using the right or left hand. Advanced planning, as evidenced by reaction time to the first key press, was greater for the complex than simple sequences and for the left than right hand. In addition to the expected greater contralateral activation in the sensorimotor cortex (SMC), greater left hemisphere activation was observed for left, relative to right, hand movements in the ipsilateral left superior parietal area and for complex, relative to simple, sequences in the left premotor and parietal cortex, left thalamus, and bilateral cerebellum. No such volumetric asymmetries were observed in the SMC. Whereas the overall MR signal intensity was greater in the left than right SMC, the extent of this asymmetry did not vary with hand or complexity level. In contrast, signal intensity in the parietal and premotor cortex was greater in the left than right hemisphere and for the complex than simple sequences. Signal intensity in the caudal anterior cerebellum was greater bilaterally for the complex than simple sequences. These findings suggest that activity in the SMC is associated with execution requirements shared by the simple and complex sequences independent of their differential cognitive requirements. In contrast, consistent with data in brain damaged patients, the left dorsal premotor and parietal areas are engaged when advanced planning is required to perform complex motor sequences that require selection of different effectors and abstract organization of the sequence, regardless of the performing hand.
A Humanizing Gaze for Transcultural Nursing Research Will Tell the Story of Health Disparities

If we limit our gaze to epidemiologic or medicalized discourse about health disparities, we risk losing sight of the person living in a health disparity context. We may erase or make invisible the person from a health disparity group; pathologize difference at the population level and, by extension, stigmatize the individual; eliminate the upstream context or causes of disparities; and obscure the human story. For the continued viability of our ideas about health disparities, it is crucial that we maintain cognitive flexibility. The unconscious bedrock of trusted ideas about "culture" and "disparities" can be enriched through a humanized view of the person in the health disparities story. Transcultural nursing research complements the biomedical gaze, placing the patient at the center of a cultural context where health problems are embodied, place based, and socially constituted. Humanizing our practice depends on dialogues with those who experience health disparity conditions.
Communication Efficacy and Couples' Cancer Management: Applying a Dyadic Appraisal Model

The purpose of the present study was to apply Berg and Upchurch's (2007) developmental-conceptual model to understand better how couples cope with cancer. Specifically, we hypothesized a dyadic appraisal model in which proximal factors (relational quality), dyadic appraisal (prognosis uncertainty), and dyadic coping (communication efficacy) predicted adjustment (cancer management). The study was cross-sectional and included 83 dyads in which one partner had been diagnosed with and/or treated for cancer. For both patients and partners, multilevel analyses using the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) indicated that proximal contextual factors predicted dyadic appraisal and dyadic coping. Dyadic appraisal predicted dyadic coping, which then predicted dyadic adjustment. Patients' confidence in their ability to talk about the cancer predicted their own cancer management. Partners' confidence predicted their own and the patient's ability to cope with cancer, which then predicted patients' perceptions of...
Derivate des Glucosamins, VIII1) Derivate der Benzyl‐N‐carbobenzoxy‐β‐D‐glucosaminuronsäure2)

Zum Vergleich der Eigenschaften mit denen der entsprechenden α-Anomeren wurden Derivate der β-Benzyl-N-carbobenzoxy-D-glucosaminuronsaure dargestellt.