cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Power-Aware Deployment and Control of Forced-Convection and Thermoelectric Coolers

Advances in the thermoelectric cooling technology have made it one of the promising solutions for spot cooling in VLSI circuits. Thermoelectric coolers (TECs) generate heat during their operation. This heat plus the heat generated in the circuit should be transferred to the ambient environment in order to avoid high die temperatures. This paper describes a hybrid cooling solution in which TECs are augmented with forced-convection coolers (fans). Precisely, an optimization framework called OFTEC is presented which finds the optimum TEC driving current and the fan speed to minimize the overall power consumption of the cooling system while maintaining safe die temperatures. Simulation results on a set of eight benchmarks show the benefits of the proposed approach. In particular, a baseline system without TECs but with a fan could meet the thermal constraint for only three of the benchmarks whereas the OFTEC solution satisfied thermal constraints for all benchmarks. In addition, OFTEC resulted in 5.4% less average power consumption for the aforesaid three benchmarks while lowering the maximum die temperature by an average of 3.7°C.
A General Strategy for the Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Asymmetrically Branched N-Glycans

A systematic, efficient means of producing diverse libraries of asymmetrically branched N-glycans is needed to investigate the specificities and biology of glycan-binding proteins. To that end, we describe a core pentasaccharide that at potential branching positions is modified by orthogonal protecting groups to allow selective attachment of specific saccharide moieties by chemical glycosylation. The appendages were selected so that the antenna of the resulting deprotected compounds could be selectively extended by glycosyltransferases to give libraries of asymmetrical multi-antennary glycans. The power of the methodology was demonstrated by the preparation of a series of complex oligosaccharides that were printed as microarrays and screened for binding to lectins and influenza-virus hemagglutinins, which showed that recognition is modulated by presentation of minimal epitopes in the context of complex N-glycans.
The molecular pathogenesis of endometrial clear-cell carcinoma: unclear, uncertain and possibly heterogeneous

Endometrial carcinomas are the most frequently diagnosed malignancy of the female genital tract in the USA [1]. Endometrioid, serous and clear-cell carcinomas (CCCs) are the most common histologic ...
Ultraviolet-C light inactivation of Penicillium expansum on fruit surfaces

Abstract Understanding the influence of fruit surface morphology on ultraviolet-C (UV-C 254 nm) inactivation of microorganisms is required for designing effective treatment systems. In this study, we analyzed UV-C inactivation of Penicillium expansum that was inoculated onto the surface of organic fruits. Results show that maximum reductions of 1.8 (apple), 2.4 (cherry), 2.6 (strawberry) and 2.8 (raspberry) log CFU/g were observed after 1.2, 2.1, 3.3, and 3.3 kJ/m2 of UV-C doses, respectively. The UV doses required to reduce 2 log CFU/g of P. expansum population on apples, cherries, strawberries, and raspberries estimated with the Weibull equation were 1.03, 1.28, 1.39, and 1.61 kJ/m2, respectively. Findings also show that the hydrophobic nature of raspberries, along with high surface roughness, resulted in a lower inactivation rate of P. expansum. This study shows that UV-C effectively reduces P. expansum populations on fresh fruit surfaces; however, the efficacy of treatment is dependent on fruit surface morphology.
Cloning of Schistosoma mansoni Seven in Absentia (SmSINA)(+) homologue cDNA, a gene involved in ubiquitination of SmRXR1 and SmRXR2.

Abstract Drosophila (SINA) and human Seven in Absentia (SIAH-1 and SIAH-2) have been implicated in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of different target proteins. Using the Schistosoma mansoni nuclear receptor SmRXR2 as bait in a yeast two-hybrid system, we identified a DNA fragment that encodes part of the schistosome homologue of the Seven in Absentia protein (SmSINA). Screening of S. mansoni cDNA expression library resulted in the isolation of a cDNA containing the full-length coding region of SmSINA. SmSINA contains the characteristic structural features of other SINA proteins including a conserved N-terminal RING finger domain and a cysteine-rich C-terminus. We demonstrate that SmSINA associates with SmRXR2 and SmRXR1 both in vivo and in vitro, and define the binding domains in SmRXR2 and SmRXR1 that mediate their interaction. Schistosome SINA co-localizes with SmRXR2 and SmRXR1 in vitelline cells. In addition, we show that SmSINA stimulates the ubiquination of both SmRXR2 and SmRXR1 in vitro. Our findings suggest that SmSINA regulates ubiquitination and ubiquitin-induced degradation of schistosome nuclear receptors (RXR1 and RXR2) via the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway.
Expression, purification, and functional analysis of the TyrR protein of Haemophilus influenzae.

Abstract The gene that was inferred to encode the TyrR protein of Haemophilus influenzae Rd was synthesized by polymerase chain reaction and inserted into a T7-based expression vector. Methods were developed to overexpress the TyrR protein of H. influenzae in Escherichia coli and to purify the protein on a large scale. Both in vitro and in vivo functional comparisons of the H. influenzae and E. coli TyrR proteins were carried out. The TyrR protein of H. influenzae was able to bind in vitro to an operator target upstream of the aroF–tyrA gene of E. coli. In the presence of [γ-S]ATP, the DNA binding ability of the H. influenzae TyrR protein was drastically reduced. Despite the much shorter peptide chain length (318 amino acid residues vs 513), the TyrR protein of H. influenzae was as active in repressing the aroF promoter as the TyrR protein of E. coli. Repression by both proteins was enhanced in the presence of tyrosine; however, the transcriptional activation function associated with the TyrR protein of E. coli could not be detected when the H. influenzae TyrR protein was expressed in E. coli. By computer analysis, at least five operator targets for TyrR were identified within the genomic DNA of H. influenzae. These observations show that the assignment of function to the tyrR gene of H. influenzae was correctly made. Further studies of the H. influenzae TyrR protein in comparison to its E. coli counterpart should provide valuable mechanistic information on transcriptional regulation in this system.
Adipose tissue metabolism can now be directly studied in vivo.

Two new techniques for the direct study of human adipose tissue in vivo have now been developed: 1) Frayn and colleagues have been able to measure arteriovenous differences across adipose tissue depots, and 2) the groups of Smith and Arner have used a microdialysis system to sample interstitial fluid in adipose tissue
Endoscopic image-guided transcervical odontoidectomy: outcomes of 15 patients with basilar invagination.

Background Ventral decompression with posterior stabilization is the preferred treatment for symptomatic irreducible basilar invagination. Endoscopic image-guided transcervical odontoidectomy (ETO) may allow for decompression with limited morbidity. Objective To describe the perioperative outcomes of patients undergoing anterior decompression of basilar invagination with the use of ETO. Methods Fifteen patients who had a follow-up of at least 16 months were retrospectively reviewed. Intraoperatively, the vertebral body of C2 was removed and the odontoid was resected in a "top-down" manner using endoscopic visualization and frameless stereotactic navigation. Posterior instrumented stabilization was subsequently performed. Results The average (± standard deviation) age of the patients was 42.6 ± 24.5 (range, 11-72) years. Postoperative complications occurred in 6 patients, including a urinary tract infection (n = 2), upper airway swelling (n = 2), dysphagia (n = 2), gastrostomy tube placement (n = 1), and an asymptomatic pseudomeningocele (n = 1). No patients required a tracheostomy, had bacterial meningitis, or developed a venous thromboembolic event; only 1 patient was intubated for more than 48 hours postoperatively. With a mean follow-up of 41.9 ± 14.4 (range, 16-59) months, myelopathy improved in all patients and no patient experienced late neurological deterioration. The mean modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score increased from 11.2 ± 4.2 to 15.9 ± 1.4 (P = .002). Patients with a diagnosis other than rheumatoid arthritis or who had a higher preoperative JOA score had a significantly better postoperative neurological recovery (P = .005). Conclusion ETO may be a valid treatment for patients with symptomatic irreducible basilar invagination that avoids some of the morbidity of transoral surgery and leads to long-term improvement in myelopathy.
Adaptive strategies of respiratory muscles in response to endurance exercise.

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this review is to discuss the adaptive strategies of mammalian respiratory muscles in response to whole-body endurance exercise training. It is now clear that endurance training results in small (i.e., 20-30%) but significant increases in mitochondrial enzyme activity and the
Boiling point-vapor pressure-composition relations for trichloroethylene-cottonseed oil miscellas

The boiling points of crude cottonseed oil-trichloroethylene miscellas for pressures below atmospheric have been determined. The data indicate that the temperature-pressure relations for these miscellas differ from those of cottonseed oil-hexane miscellas in that, even below 50% oil concentrations, they are lower than those calculated by Raoult's law. Above 50% the deviation from the calculated values becomes greater.
Coalinga Chrysotile - The Case of the Missing “Asbestos Study”: Corporate Connivance or Plaintiff Ploy?:

Significant results from one of the largest asbestos inhalation studies ever done were never published. Over the last 10 years, some of these have been found and reported in a series of papers in t...
An Objective Analysis of Wind Data for Energy Budget Studies

Abstract An objective technique for adjusting wind data, such that the total mass divergence in a volume of the atmosphere is zero, is developed. The adjustment is obtained by applying a least-squares smoothing with a Lagrangian multiplier to constrain the total mass divergence to a specified amount. The computational details are derived and the method is applied to several examples. Both for theoretical wind profiles and for actual data, a very satisfactory adjustment is achieved without destroying the physical information contained in the data.
Changing concepts concerning the management of vesicoureteral reflux.

Purpose: Conservative estimates indicate that up to 54% of patients who present with vesicoureteral reflux have dysfunction voiding. Children with voiding dysfunction and vesicoureteral reflux historically have a high breakthrough infection rate of 34% to 43%. Breakthrough infection represents significant morbidity and it is the most common indication for surgical intervention for vesicoureteral reflux. Voiding dysfunction is present in 79% of patients who proceed to reflux surgery. We evaluated the impact of pelvic floor muscle retraining combined with a medical program in patients with voiding dysfunction and vesicoureteral reflux.Materials and Methods: Children with a history consistent with voiding dysfunction and vesicoureteral reflux were screened by uroflowmetry/electromyography, bladder scan for post-void residual urine, renal ultrasound and voiding cystourethrography. Confirmed cases of voiding dysfunction and vesicoureteral reflux were prospectively enrolled in this study. Children participated ...
Critical issues in the formation of quantum computer test structures by ion implantation

The formation of quantum computer test structures in silicon by ion implantation enables the characterization of spin readout mechanisms with ensembles of dopant atoms and the development of single atom devices. We briefly review recent results in the characterization of spin dependent transport and single ion doping and then discuss the diffusion and segregation behaviour of phosphorus, antimony and bismuth ions from low fluence, low energy implantations as characterized through depth profiling by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Both phosphorus and bismuth are found to segregate to the SiO2/Si interface during activation anneals, while antimony diffusion is found to be minimal. An effect of the ion charge state on the range of antimony ions, 121Sb25+, in SiO2/Si is also discussed.
Chains and antichains in partial orderings

We study the complexity of infinite chains and antichains in computable partial orderings. We show that there is a computable partial ordering which has an infinite chain but none that is \({\Sigma _{1}^{1}}\) or \({\Pi _{1}^{1}}\) , and also obtain the analogous result for antichains. On the other hand, we show that every computable partial ordering which has an infinite chain must have an infinite chain that is the difference of two \({\Pi _{1}^{1}}\) sets. Our main result is that there is a computably axiomatizable theory K of partial orderings such that K has a computable model with arbitrarily long finite chains but no computable model with an infinite chain. We also prove the corresponding result for antichains. Finally, we prove that if a computable partial ordering \({\mathcal{A}}\) has the feature that for every \({\mathcal{B} \cong \mathcal{A}}\) , there is an infinite chain or antichain that is \({\Delta _{2}^{0}}\) relative to \({\mathcal{B}}\) , then we have uniform dichotomy: either for all copies \({\mathcal{B}}\) of \({\mathcal{A}}\) , there is an infinite chain that is \({\Delta _{2}^{0}}\) relative to \({\mathcal{B}}\) , or for all copies \({\mathcal{B}}\) of \({\mathcal{A}}\) , there is an infinite antichain that is \({\Delta _{2}^{0}}\) relative to \({\mathcal{B}}\) .
Rain effects on physical soil temperatures with buried targets

Rain affects the thermal properties of soil and the temperature of soils and buried targets in the penetration depth of the water. This work involves using predictions from the Countermine Computational Test Bed, (CTB), a 3-D finite element model that accounts for coupled heat and moisture transfer in soil and targets. The meteorological data set used in this work is one day of a meteorological data set, repeated over 3 days. The repeated meteorological data set is required to isolate the effects of rain. The CTB is used to predict and compare surface and subsurface soil and target temperatures with and without rain. The meteorological data set contains 24hrs without rain, followed by 14 hrs of rain at a precipitation rate of 5 mm/hr, then 10 hours plus 1 subsequent day without rain and with no cloud cover.
Application of universal kriging for estimation of earthquake ground motion: Statistical significance of results

Universal kriging is compared with ordinary kriging for estimation of earthquake ground motion. Ordinary kriging is based on a stationary random function model; universal kriging is based on a nonstationary random function model representing first-order drift. Accuracy of universal kriging is compared with that for ordinary kriging; cross-validation is used as the basis for comparison. Hypothesis testing on these results shows that accuracy obtained using universal kriging is not significantly different from accuracy obtained using ordinary kriging. Tests based on normal distribution assumptions are applied to errors measured in the cross-validation procedure;t andF tests reveal no evidence to suggest universal and ordinary kriging are different for estimation of earthquake ground motion. Nonparametric hypothesis tests applied to these errors and jackknife statistics yield the same conclusion: universal and ordinary kriging are not significantly different for this application as determined by a cross-validation procedure. These results are based on application to four independent data sets (four different seismic events).
Abstract 4955: Advances in gene expression microarray profiling from small amounts of adenocarcinoma and normal total RNA samples

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Gene expression profiling by microarray analysis provides an important avenue for understanding biological mechanisms, classifying tissue and tumor types, and identifying signs for diagnosis and prognosis. To address the need for high sensitivity gene expression profiling of low quantities of total RNA, we have developed a modified linear amplification procedure that generates quantities of Cy-labeled cRNA suitable for oligonucleotide microarray experiments from total RNA input amounts as low as 10 nanograms. This new procedure, available in the new Low Input Quick Amp Labeling Kit, employs the AffinityScript Reverse Transcriptase, a mutant MMLV-RT that binds primer-template complexes with 10-fold higher efficiency than wild type MMLV-RT, resulting in increased cDNA yields and improved sensitivity from smaller sample inputs. The protocol uses a single round of IVT amplification without purification of the cDNA product resulting in labeled cRNA in less than one day, enabling gene expression profile comparisons in less than two days. Comparisons of probe signals from technical replicate samples demonstrate high reproducibility with wide dynamic ranges, and generally comparable signals across a broad range of input amounts. This new labeling approach was used to detect differences in gene expression between cancerous and normal cells using new gene expression arrays with updated content resulting in gene expression profiling results consistent with the current literature. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4955.
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator: the purified NBF1+R protein interacts with the purified NBF2 domain to form a stable NBF1+R/NBF2 complex while inducing a conformational change transmitted to the C-terminal region.

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is known to function as a regulated chloride channel and, when genetically impaired, to cause the disease cystic fibrosis. The novel studies reported here were undertaken to gain greater molecular insight into possible interactions among CFTR's soluble domains, which include two nucleotide binding domains (NBF1 and NBF2) and a regulatory domain (R). The NBF1+R and NBF2 regions of CFTR were highly expressed in Escherichia coli, purified to near homogeneity under denaturing conditions, and refolded. Both refolded proteins bound TNP-ATP and TNP-ADP, which could be readily replaced with ATP. Four different approaches were then used to determine whether the NBF1+R and NBF2 proteins interact. First, the purified NBF2 protein was labeled near its C-terminus with a fluorescent probe, 7-diethyl amino-3-(4'-maleimidylphenyl)-4-methylcoumarin (CPM). Addition of the unlabeled NBF1+R to the CPM-labeled NBF2 caused a red-shift in lambda(max) of the CPM fluorescence, consistent with a direct interaction between the two proteins. Second, when the NBF1+R protein, the NBF2 protein, and a mixture of the two proteins were folded separately and analyzed by molecular sieve chomatography, the mixture was found to elute prior to either NBF1+R or NBF2. Third, na-tive-PAGE gel studies revealed that the mixture of the NBF1+R and NBF2 domains migrated as a single band with an R(F) value between that of NBF1+R and NBF2. Fourth, trypsin digestion of a mixture of the NBF1+R and NBF2 proteins occurred at a slower rate than that for the individual proteins. Finally, studies were carried out to determine whether an NBF1+R/NBF2 interaction could be demonstrated after expressing one of the two proteins in soluble, native form, thus avoiding the inclusion body, denaturation, and renaturation approach. Specifically, the NBF1+R protein was overexpressed in E. coli in fusion with glutathione-S-transferase near a thrombin cleavage site. Following binding of the GST-(NBF1+R) fusion protein to a GST Sepharose affinity column, added NBF2 was shown to bind and then to coelute with NBF1+R upon addition of glutathione or thrombin. Collectively, these experiments demonstrate that CFTR's NBF1+R region and its NBF2 domain, after folding separately as distinct units, have a strong propensity to interact and that this interaction is stable in the absence of added nucleotides or exogenously induced phosphorylation. These findings, together with the additional observation that the NBF1+R/NBF2 interaction induces a change in the C-terminus of NBF2, which resides within the C-terminal region of CFTR, may have important implications not only for the function of CFTR per se, but its interaction with other proteins.
Regional correlation by color-coded tissue Doppler to quantify improvements in mechanical left ventricular synchrony after biventricular pacing therapy.

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) can improve cardiac function in patients with heart failure and left bundle branch block. To test a new synchrony index derived from mitral annular velocity by color tissue Doppler, 19 subjects were studied: 9 patients with heart failure and left bundle branch block at baseline and at 1, 3 and 6 months after CRT and 10 normal controls. The synchrony index in patients with heart failure was less than that in controls at baseline (r = 0.60 ± 0.13 vs 0.94 ± 0.02; p <0.01), but improved at 6 months after CRT (r = 0.77 ± 0.09; p <0.05 vs baseline).
Endometrial stromal sarcoma presenting as extrauterine metastases: A morphologic and immunohistochemical approach to diagnosis

A case of endometrial stromal sarcoma that initially presented as an umbilical mass 5 years before and as a lung lesion 8 months before the primary tumor was detected in the uterus is reported. The morphologic features and immunohistochemical profile of the two initial extrauterine lesions suggested metastases from a primary endomerial stromal sarcoma of the uterus, which was confirmed by subsequent endometrial curettage. The tumors in all three locations were characterized histologically by small to medium-sized uniform cells with fewer than 10 mitoses per 10 high-power fields and distinct arterial vasculature that resembled the spiral arteries of the normal enometrium. Both the endometrial and umbilical tumors were immunoreactive for estrogen and progesterone receptors but showed no immunoreactivity for cytokertin. Additionally, the tumor cells of the umbilical mass showed no immunoreactivty for S-100 protein, HMB-45, smooth-muscle actin, or desmin. Endometrial stromal sarcomas are usually confined to t...
Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein modulates acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice†

Acetaminophen toxicity is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the United States and Europe. Although much is known about the metabolism of acetaminophen, many questions remain regarding the pathogenesis of liver injury. In this study, we examined the role of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), a protein important in mediating cellular response to lipopolysaccharides, by using LBP wild-type and knockout (KO) mice. We found that LBP KO mice were protected from acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. At 350 mg/kg of acetaminophen, LBP KO mice had significantly less liver injury and necrosis than wild-type mice. Repletion studies in LBP KO mice using an LBP-adenoviral construct resulted in significantly more hepatic injury and necrosis after acetaminophen exposure compared with mice receiving the control adenoviral construct. In conclusion, LBP KO mice are protected from toxicity with a decrease in hepatic necrosis following acetaminophen challenge. This suggests a novel role for LBP in modulating acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the HEPATOLOGY website (http://interscience.wiley.com/jpages/O270-9139/suppmat/index.html).
Breast cancer biomarkers predict weight loss after gastric bypass surgery

Obesity has long been associated with postmenopausal breast cancer risk and more recently with premenopausal breast cancer risk. We previously observed that nipple aspirate fluid (n) levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) were associated with obesity. Serum (s) levels of adiponectin are lower in women with higher body mass index (BMI) and with breast cancer. We conducted a prospective study of obese women who underwent gastric bypass surgery to determine: 1) change in n- and s-adiponectin and nPSA after surgery and 2) if biomarker change is related to change in BMI. Samples (30-s, 28-n) and BMI were obtained from women 0, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. There was a significant increase after surgery in pre- but not postmenopausal women at all time points in s-adiponectin and at 3 and 6 months in n-adiponectin. Low n-PSA and high s-adiponectin values were highly correlated with decrease in BMI from baseline. Adiponectin increases locally in the breast and systemically in premenopausal women after gastric bypass. s-adiponectin in pre- and nPSA in postmenopausal women correlated with greater weight loss. This study provides preliminary evidence for biologic markers to predict weight loss after gastric bypass surgery.
Built-in test factors in a life cycle cost model

Abstract A method is given for incorporating the effects of built-in test (BIT) into the life cycle cost of a given electronic system. A cost model is derived that captures the savings achieved by BIT through reducing the maintenance times, complexity of external test equipment, personnel skill levels, amount of spare parts, and the need for preventive maintenance. The model also includes such design considerations as false alarms, diagnostic errors, undetected faults, BIT hardware failures, and diagnostic ambiguity.
Comparison of extracellular polysaccharides of Erwinia chrysanthemi spp.

Abstract Two extracellular polysaccharides from strains of Erwinia chrysanthemi Ech 1 and 9, phytopathogens of potatoes, have been isolated and purified. Both have similar compositions and other properties to that produced by strain SR 260, a phytopathogen of corn. These polysaccharides are composed of l -rhamnose, d -mannose, d -glucose, d -glucuronic acid in the ratio 3:1:1:1. Initial structural aspects of these polysaccharides are reflected in the 600 MHz 1 H NMR spectra and the products of partial acid hydrolysis, which are presented for comparison.
Experimental sourcing of Edwards Plateau chert using LA-ICP-MS

Abstract Sourcing artifacts is a key method for addressing anthropological issues of mobility and interaction. Although chert was one the most common toolstones used in prehistory, sourcing chert artifacts remains problematic. In this study an approach for sourcing chert is introduced that links a specific sampling protocol, Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and multivariate statistical analysis. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through a controlled experiment examining intersource and intrasource variability at four different scales of analysis. The statistical analysis at four spatial scales allows determination of the spatial resolution of the chemical matching procedure outlined here. In this experiment geologic chert samples from the Edwards Plateau of Texas of known provenience are chemically evaluated allowing comparison of their expected origin against their known origin. This experiment used Edwards Plateau chert as it is a high quality material and was a major lithic source across the Southern High Plains and was often transported great distances. Macroscopic identification of Edwards Plateau chert can be problematic and at its best is unable to effectively discern from where within the 120,000 km2 of the region cherts originated. An understanding of the geological formation processes of chert provides a useful framework for addressing this issue. This study shows that through an effective methodology Edwards Plateau chert can be sourced to a finer spatial scale than previous studies.
Immunoelectron Microscopic Localization of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 (PAI-1) in Smooth Muscle Cells from Morphologically Normal and Atherosclerotic Human Arteries

Vascular wall fibrinolytic system proteins are believed to play a pivotal role in atherogenesis. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA) influence persistence of luminal thrombi and proteolysis of extracellular matrix, respectively. The major physiologic inhibitor of t-PA and u-PA is plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1). All three of these fibrinolytic system proteins have been detected in vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages by light microscopic immunohistochemistry. This study was undertaken to delineate, by immunoelectron microscopy, the loci of PAI-1 in smooth muscle cells from intact morphologically normal and atherosclerotic human arteries as well as in isolated and cultured smooth muscle cells from arteries. In intact vessels, PAI-1 immunoreactivity was associated with contractile filaments in cells in both normal and atherosclerotic tissues. Lipid-laden smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic vessels were mainly of th...
The effect of protein depletion upon the enzyme activities of organs.

SummaryRats fed low protein or protein-free diets for periods up to 8 weeks exhibit (1) no change in skeletal muscle ATP-ase activity; (2) no change in liver cytochrome oxidase activity; (3) no change in liver arginase activity per gram of tissue, but a decrease in total arginase units; and (4) a marked decrease in the succinoxidase activity of liver.
Laparoscopic Transgastric Necrosectomy for the Management of Pancreatic Necrosis

Background Traditional open necrosectomy for pancreatic necrosis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although minimally invasive techniques have been described and offer some promise, each has considerable limitations. This study assesses the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic transgastric necrosectomy (LTN), a novel technique for the management of necrotizing pancreatitis. Study Design Between 2009 and 2013, patients with retrogastric pancreatic necrosis requiring debridement were evaluated for LTN. Debridement was performed via a laparoscopic transgastric approach using 2 to 3 ports and the wide cystgastrostomy left open. Patient demographics, disease severity, operative characteristics, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results Twenty-one patients (13 men, median age 54 years; interquartile range [IQR] 46 to 62 years) underwent LTN during the study period. The duration between pancreatitis onset and debridement was 65 days (IQR 53 to 124 years). Indications for operation included infection (7 patients) and persistent unwellness (14 patients). Median duration of LTN was 170 minutes (IQR 136 to 199 minutes); there were no conversions. Control of the necrosis was achieved via the single procedure in 19 of 21 patients. Median postoperative hospital stay was 5 days (IQR 3 to 14 days) and the majority (71%) of patients experienced no (n = 9) or only minor postoperative complications (n = 6) by Clavien-Dindo grade. Complications of Clavien-Dindo grade 3 or higher developed in 6 patients, including 1 death (5%). With a median follow-up of 11 months (IQR 7 to 22 months), none of the patients required additional operative debridement or had pancreatic/enteric fistulae or wound complications develop. Conclusions Laparoscopic transgastric necrosectomy is a novel, minimally invasive technique for the management of pancreatic necrosis that allows for debridement in a single operation. When feasible, LTN can reduce the morbidity associated with traditional open necrosectomy and avoid the limitations of other minimally invasive approaches.
Ideal Class Groups, Some Computations

Abstract Starting from a base field with properties similar to those of the rational numbers, the structure of the ideal class group of a biquadratic dicyclic extension is examined. Class number relations and structural connections between the ideal class groups of the intermediate fields allow the determination of this structure in some cases. Explicit computations are performed for some number fields of degree 8.
The Effects of Mortality Salience and Social Dominance Orientation on Attitudes Toward Illegal Immigrants

The paper examines the hypothesis that the effects of mortality salience on attitudes toward illegal immigrants are moderated by individual differences predisposing participants toward prejudice or intolerance. A total of 122 university students completed measures of political orientation, authoritarianism, and social dominance orientation prior to being randomly assigned to a mortality salience or control condition. Political conservatism, authoritarianism, and social dominance orientation were all associated with more negative attitudes toward illegal immigrants. Although there was no main effect for mortality salience, there was an interaction between mortality salience and social dominance orientation. Higher social dominance orientation was associated with more negative attitudes toward illegal immigrants, albeit only in the mortality salience condition.
The effects of hepatic artery chemotherapy on viral hepatitis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) or arterial Yttrium-90 (90Y) microspheres are used to treat unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but little is known about their effects on viral hepatitis. The aim of this study was to determine their effect on viral hepatitis in patients with HCC. We carried out a retrospective review of patients treated for HCC. Worsening of viral hepatitis was determined by serum chemistry and viral loads where available. Fifty-two patients treated with TACE were followed for a mean of 22.0 months. Thirty-nine patients (75%) had decreased/stable tumor. Two of the 39 (5%) patients with decreased/stable tumor burden had a sustained increase in bilirubin. None had a sustained ALT elevation or significant increase in viral load after TACE. Twenty-four patients treated with 90Y microspheres were followed for a mean of 12.0 months. Twenty-two of these had a decreased/stable tumor burden and no patient had a significant elevation of ALT. However, 7 of the 22 had a sustained bilirubin elevation. We conclude that neither TACE nor 90Y treatment was associated with worsening viral hepatitis in this group of HCC patients. The presence of chronic viral hepatitis with normal bilirubin should not exclude the use of these therapies in patients with unresectable HCC.
Accuracy and uncertainty of thermal-infrared remote sensing of stream temperatures at multiple spatial scales

Stream temperature is an important indicator of water quality, particularly in regions where endangered fish populations are sensitive to elevated water temperature. Regional assessment of stream temperatures from the ground is limited by sparse sampling in both space and time. Remotely sensed thermal-infrared (TIR) images are able to make spatially distributed measurements of the radiant skin temperature of streams. We quantify and discuss the accuracy and uncertainty limits to recovering stream temperatures in the Pacific Northwest for a range of stream widths (10–500 m), and TIR pixel sizes (5–1000 m) from remotely sensed airborne and satellite TIR images. Among locations with more than three pixels across the stream, the image temperature overestimated the in-stream temperature on average by 1.2 -C, which is 7% of the in-stream temperature (standard error (SE) of 0.2 -C, n=21). The corresponding uncertainty (band weighted standard deviation in image temperature) for these locations averaged T0.3 -C (SE<0.1 -C, n=21) which is 2% of in-stream temperatures. This overestimation by the image temperatures is likely to be due to thermal stratification between the stream surface and the location of the in-stream temperature measurements deeper in the water column. For streams with one to three pixels across, mixing with bank elements increased the overestimation by image temperatures to 2.2 -C (SE=0.3 -C, n=23) on average (13% of in-stream temperatures), and the uncertainty increased to T0.4 -C (SE=0.1 -C, n=23) which is 2% of in-stream temperatures. For a fraction of a pixel across the stream the overestimation by image temperatures was 7.6 -C (SE=1.2 -C, n=23) on average (45% of in-stream temperatures), and the uncertainty was T0.5 -C (SE=0.1 -C, n=23) which is 3% of in-stream temperatures. These results show that reliable satellite TIR measurement of stream temperatures is limited to large rivers (¨180-m across for Landsat ETM+), unless novel unmixing algorithms are used effectively. D 2005 Published by Elsevier Inc.
Market valuation of accrual components

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to generate empirical evidence that facilitates our understanding of the market pricing for cash flows and accruals.Design/methodology/approach – The study is empirical in nature, and utilizes and archival methodology.Findings – The evidence in this study supports the primary hypothesis that the market valuations for the receivable accrual are greater than the valuations for other current accruals. Additionally, the results suggest that market valuations for cash flows are not monotonically greater than the valuations for accruals.Research limitations/implications – Overall, the results of this study suggest that inferences about the market's valuation of cash flows and accruals must consider multiple sources of variation in a concurrent fashion.Practical implications – Models for equity valuation used by financial analysts, institutional investors, etc. should allow the various components of accruals to act independently.Originality/value – This study contributes to...
Ultrasound imaging of whole tumor response to drug therapy

Use of volumetric contrast-enhanced ultrasound (US) imaging of cancer-bearing mice allows description of whole tumor perfusion and monitoring response to drug treatment. Thirty mice were implanted with breast cancer cells. Following sufficient tumor growth, mice were sorted into four treatment groups: Abraxane, TRA-8, Abraxane + TRA-8, or control. Mice were administered drug treatment on days 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 17. Whole tumor contrast-enhanced US imaging was performed on days 0, 1, 3, and 7 before drug dosing. At termination, tumors were excised and immunohistologic analyses were performed. Therapeutic efficacy was detected within 7 days after drug dosing with volumetric contrast-enhanced US imaging. The most significant reduction in tumor perfusion as compared to control mice measurements was observed in the TRA-8 + Abraxane dosed animals (P = 0.001). The reduction in perfusion observed in the TRA-8 + Abraxane group coincided with a reduction in tumor size during the same time period. Survival curves illustrate that combination TRA-8 + Abraxane improves drug efficacy compared to monotherapy. Overall, preliminary results demonstrate that volumetric contrast-enhanced US imaging of changes in whole tumor perfusion levels allows early monitoring of cancer response to drug therapy.
Current-limiting fuses for semiconductor rectifiers

THE RAPID DEVELOPMENT of germanium and silicon power rectifier components in recent years has posed unique problems in fault current protection. These two types of rectifiers are characterized by the extremely high current densities tolerable in the active rectifying element at normal loads while maintaining low forward voltage drop and, thus, high efficiency.
Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter Flow Measurement from an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle with Applications to Deep Ocean Convection

Abstract The authors present a new modality for direct measurement of ocean flow, achieved by combining the resolution and precision of an acoustic Doppler velocimeter with the mobility of an autonomous underwater vehicle. To obtain useful measurements, two practical integration issues must first be resolved: the optimal location for mounting the velocimeter probe to the vehicle, and alignment of the velocimeter with the vehicle's attitude sensors. Next, it is shown how to extract earth-referenced flow velocities from the raw measurements. Vehicle hull's influence on flow velocity measurement is removed by modeling the vehicle as a spheroid in potential flow. This approach was verified by a tow tank experiment in the David Taylor Model Basin. The authors then describe mission configuration and signal processing for a deployment in the Labrador Sea to study deep ocean convection during the winter of 1998. Analysis of the vertical flow velocity data not only shows that this form of measurement can detect oc...
Effective Field Theory and the No-Core Shell Model

In ﬁnite model space suitable for many-body calculations via the no-core shell model (NCSM), I illustrate the direct application of the eﬀective ﬁeld theory (EFT) principles to solving the many-body Schrodinger equation. Two diﬀerent avenues for ﬁxing the low-energy constants naturally arising in an EFT approach are discussed. I review results for both nuclear and trapped atomic systems, using eﬀective theories formally similar, albeit describing diﬀerent underlying physics.
Temporally resolved molecular motor dynamics: A case of ncd-microtubule interactions

Molecular motors and the associated microfilaments play an important role in cell division, intracellular transport and signaling, and are fundamental to such neuronal functions as bidirectional protein transport to and from the periphery of neural cells. A number of neurological diseases have been linked to the abnormal function of molecular motors acting upon microtubules and an improved understanding of the role of various molecular motors has been recently cited as one of the new frontiers of neuroscience. Details of molecular motor-microtubule interactions on a single molecular level can be revealed during optical trapping experiments. Until recently, low signal-to-noise ration of optical trap data required analysis by ensemble averaging, which obscures interaction details and masks infrequent sub-categories of interaction events. In this note, we summarize a recently developed method that allowed us to reveal the details of single molecular motor-microtubule interactions as a function of time based on a time series of the measurements without averaging. This method was applied to Kinesin-14 Ncd in three-bead optical trap geometry and it was found that, contrary to previous results obtained by ensemble averaging, the ncd power strokes are bidirectional, with the majority of strokes directed towards the minus end of the microtubule. The developed capability to analyze the molecular motor dynamics without averaging and in real time opens the possibility to study the mechanism of the intracellular transport, cytoskeletal organization, and therapeutic effects on a single molecular level.
Dependency-Based Statistical Machine Translation

We present a Czech-English statistical machine translation system which performs tree-to-tree translation of dependency structures. The only bilingual resource required is a sentence-aligned parallel corpus. All other resources are monolingual. We also refer to an evaluation method and plan to compare our system's output with a benchmark system.
Arthroscopic synovectomy: state of the art

Arthroscopic synovectomy for first performed for haemophilic arthropathy in 1980 and was considered a major improvement over open surgical synovectomy, causing less postoperative morbidity and fewer hospitalizations, and preserving range of motion. Long-term results have shown that recurrent haemarthroses are decreased and joint function is preserved. Radiographic changes, however, suggest continued progression of the disease process. The procedure is technically demanding and requires considerable resources including skilled personnel, surgical equipment and an adequate supply of factor concentrate, all of which limit the availability of the procedure worldwide. Where this procedure fits into the treatment of chronic haemophilic synovitis depends very much on location and availability of resources. Consequently, the procedure should not be considered as the first-line approach for recurrent haemarthroses, but rather as a secondary procedure if alternative measures have failed.
Assessment of intimate partner violence among high-risk postpartum mothers: concordance of clinical measures.

ABSTRACT Intimate partner violence (IPV) may be a more common problem than some conditions for which pregnant women are routinely screened and evaluated. Screening for IPV necessitates competence in assessment using reliable and valid instruments. The present study examines the concordance in the prevalence of abuse reported by 436 high-risk postpartum mothers using (1) a single item hospital screen, (2) trained paraprofessional interviewer-interview format, and (3) the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS), a standardized research instrument. The hospital screen identified 4% of the sample as scared, threatened or hurt, the Family Stress Checklist (FSC) identified 16.9% of the fathers as having severe potential for violence, and the CTS identified 18.6% of the sample as victims of physical abuse at the hands of the baby's father. There was minimal overlap between the ratings of severe potential for violence and the occurrence of violence as assessed by the CTS. Study findings illustrate the inadequacy of current ...