cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the potential pathogenicity of type II collagen autoantibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Evidence of restricted IgG3 subclass expression and activation of complement C5 to C5a.

IgG subclass analysis by enzyme-linked im-munosorbent assay of the autoantibody to native type II collagen, detected in 9 patients with classic or definite rheumatoid arthritis, demonstrated a predominance of IgG3 autoantibody. Gm allotyping revealed no obvious association with a particular phenotype. In comparative studies, IgG antibodies to the capsular polysaccharides of pneumococci and tetanus toxoid protein in these same patients consisted predominantly of IgG2 and IgG4. Purified type II collagen autoantibody from 3 of these patients activated complement C5 to C5a when bound to human cartilage in vitro, as measured by radioim-munoassay. These results represent direct evidence of a potential pathogenic role for this autoantibody in rheumatoid arthritis.
Slip rate of the western Garlock fault, at Clark Wash, near Lone Tree Canyon, Mojave Desert, California

The precise tectonic role of the left-lateral Garlock fault in southern California has been controversial. Three proposed tectonic models yield significantly different predictions for the slip rate, history, orientation, and total bedrock offset as a function of distance along strike. In an effort to test these models, we present the first slip-rate estimate for the western Garlock fault that is constrained by radiocarbon dating. A channel (referred to here as Clark Wash) incised into a Latest Pleistocene alluvial fan has been left-laterally offset at least 66 ± 6 m and no more than 100 m across the western Garlock fault, indicating a left-lateral slip rate of 7.6 mm/yr (95% confidence interval of 5.3–10.7 mm/yr) using dendrochronologically calibrated radiocarbon dates. The timing of aggradational events on the Clark Wash fan corresponds closely to what has been documented elsewhere in the Mojave Desert, suggesting that much of this activity has been climatically controlled. The range-front fault, located a few hundred meters northwest of the Gar-lock fault, has probably acted primarily as a normal fault, with a Holocene rate of dip-slip of 0.4–0.7 mm/yr. The record of prehistoric earthquakes on the Garlock fault at this site, though quite possibly incomplete, suggests a longer interseismic interval (1200–2700 yr) for the western Garlock fault than for the central Garlock fault. The relatively high slip rate determined here indicates that the western and central segments of the Garlock fault show similar rates of movement that are somewhat faster than rates inferred from geodetic data. The high rate of motion on the western Garlock fault is most consistent with a model in which the western Garlock fault acts as a conjugate shear to the San Andreas fault. Other mechanisms, involving extension north of the Garlock fault and block rotation at the eastern end of the fault may be relevant to the central and eastern sections of the fault, but they cannot explain a high rate of slip on the western Garlock fault.
On optimal and suboptimal nonlinear filters for discrete inputs

The determination of minimum-mean-squared-error (MMSE) nonlinear filters usually involves formidable mathematical difficulties. These difficulties may be bypassed by restricting attention to special classes of filters or special processes. One such class is Zadeh's class n_{1} , which for the general case also involves mathematical difficulties. In this work two realizations of class n_{1} are used for the MMSE reconstruction and filtering of a sampled signal. The cases where the filter reduces to a zero-memory nonlinearity followed by a linear filter are discussed. A suboptimum scheme composed of a zero-memory nonlinearity followed by a linear filter is considered for the reconstruction and filtering of a subclass of the separable process.
Equivalence between the extended window design of IIR filters and least squares frequency domain designs

A new look at the problem of digitizing analog filters is taken in the light of the proof of the equivalence between weighted least squares (WLS) frequency-domain methods and a previously proposed interpolation-based method referred to as the extended window design (EWD). This equivalence is used to prove new properties of the EWD and WLS methods. First, the EWD filters are shown to be near-optimal due to their equivalence to the WLS filters. Next, improved WLS filter designs are obtained, justified by typical properties of the interpolation method that generates the EWD filters. Thus, the digitizing error can be dramatically reduced by adding a one-or two-step delay and slightly increasing the number of the numerator coefficients relative to the denominator. Finally, a choice of suitable implementations of fractional delay filters is available for the various cases of fixed or variable delays.
The Impact of Leadership Instability on Democratic Process in Nigeria

This paper examines the implication of leadership imbroglio on democratic process, in Nigeria from 1960-1995. It investigates, in particular, the leadership genres of both the civilian and military administrations and suggests ways to enhance the leadership quality and democratization process in the republic.
Semantic versus Syntactic Cues in Listening Comprehension

Studies have shown that less fluent non-native readers cannot make full use of semantic-level cues. Non-natives direct proportionately more attention than natives to syntactic and graphophonic information. This study asked whether a similar difference would be found between native and non-native listeners. Three groups were tested: native English-speakers and advanced and intermediate non-natives. After hearing a text, subjects were given a 55-item cloze test. It was hypothesized that with a subject's increased proficiency in the language, processing would show progressively greater attention to semantic than to syntactic or phonological cues. The cloze test was scored using a diagnostic scoring procedure developed by Clarke and Burdell (1977). Results confirmed the hypothesis. Semantically acceptable responses increased progressively for intermediate, advanced, and native groups, while responses based on syntactic structure decreased.
lpp deletion as a permeabilization method

Our earlier studies with outer membrane permeability in E. coli showed that an insertion mutation in lpp gene (encoding Braun's lipoprotein) drastically changed the outer membrane permeability, resulting in significant acceleration of whole-cell catalyzed reactions. In order to gain a mechanistic understanding of the nature of permeability change, the lpp region was sequenced. The results revealed that Lpp was not expressed in the insertion mutant, suggesting that the absence, rather than the alteration, of Lpp is responsible for the observed permeability change. This surprising result prompts us to investigate the possibility of establishing lpp deletion as a general permeabilization method. Two lpp deletion mutants were generated from strains with different genetic background and the effect of lpp deletion on cell physiology was investigated. While lpp deletion had no significant effect on cell growth, carbon metabolism, and fatty acid compositions, it enhanced permeability of various small molecules, consistent with the results with the insertion mutant. This phenotype is useful in a wide range of biotechnological applications. We illustrate here the use of the mutant with organophosphate hydrolysis and L-carnitine synthesis, where permeability is known to be a limiting factor. Both processes were significantly improved with the mutant because of enhanced permeability through the outer membrane. Therefore, this study has established an easy yet generally applicable method for permeabilizing E. coli cells without significant adverse effects. Further, as lpp homolog is known to exist in gram-negative bacteria, we expect that this method will be applicable to other gram-negative bacteria.
Apolipoprotein E ε4 positive individuals demonstrate delayed olfactory event-related potentials

Apolipoprotein E e4 positive individuals have deficits in the ability to identify and remember odors, as demonstrated by psychophysical measures of olfactory function. The purpose of the present study was to identify olfactory deficits in this population using an objective electrophysiological measure: the olfactory event-related potential (OERP). Olfactory and auditory ERPs were recorded from the Fz, Cz, and Pz electrode sites in 10 e4 positive individuals and 10 age and gender-matched e4 negative individuals in a single-stimulus paradigm. The results indicate: (1) individuals who are positive for the apolipoprotein E e4 allele demonstrated delays (of approximately 100 ms) in the processing of olfactory information compared to those who are e4 negative; (2) OERP latency is more sensitive than psychophysical measures of olfactory function; (3) delays in the cognitive P3 component of the OERP are associated with deficits in the ability to identify an odor; and (4) unlike the moderate ranges found in auditory ERP, OERP latency showed high sensitivity and specificity in classifying e4 positive and negative individuals.
Theoretical and experimental studies on group velocity for estimating the elasticity of arteries

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is widely used for estimating the stiffness of an artery. However, PWV is an average indicator of artery stiffness between two measuring points, and therefore does not identify local stiffness. We have developed a noninvasive method for generating and detecting the wave propagation in the arterial wall. The phase velocity can be measured accurately over a few millimeters. In this paper, a mathematical model for group velocity analysis is developed from a three-dimensional cylindrical shell theory. Experimental studies on group velocity are carried out on natural latex tubes in air. The theoretical analysis agrees with the experiments well. The theory can be used for estimating the elasticity of arteries from the group velocity measurements.
FALCONI, RENAISSANCE ASTROLOGER AND ASTRONOMICAL CLOCK AND INSTRUMENT MAKER

title RIASSUNTO /title L'occasionale presenza negli inventari di collezioni di strumenti scientifici antichi di occorrenze recanti la scritta opus Falconi ha destato poco interesse in passato tra i collezionisti e i?CTRLerr type="1" mess="Doute Cars isoles avec recollage" ? curatori a causa della scarsit di notizie su questo costruttore. Una ricerca condotta a tempo debito sull'identit di Falconi ha confermato che questo costruttore di orologi e di strumenti astronomici era originario delle valli del Bergamasco, in Lombardia, e che fu attivo intorno alle prime decadi del sec. XVI.
Virtual workbench - a non-immersive virtual environment for visualizing and interacting with 3D objects for scientific visualization

The Virtual Workbench (VW) is a non-immersive virtual environment that allows users to view and interact with stereoscopic objects displayed on a workspace similar to a tabletop workspace used in day-to-day life. A VW is an ideal environment for collaborative work where several colleagues can gather around the table to study 3D virtual objects. The Virtual Reality laboratory at the Naval Research Laboratory has implemented the VW using a concept similar to (Froehlich et al., 1994). This paper investigates how the VW can be used as a non-immersive display device for understanding and interpreting complex objects encountered in the scientific visualization field. Different techniques for interacting with 3D visualization objects on the table and using VW as a display device for visualization are evaluated using several cases.
Dehydration of Synthetic Hydrated Kaolinites: A Model for the Dehydration of Halloysite(10Å)

Several hydrates can be synthesized from well-crystallized kaolinites; of importance to the present work are a 10-Zk hydrate (called the QS-10 hydrate), an 8.6-~k hydrate, and two kinds of partially dehydrated mixed-layer hydrates. One kind is a series of unstable materials with d(001) varying contin- uously between 10 and 8.6/~, and the other kind is stable with d(001) approximately centered at 7.9 ~t. The 10- and 7.9-7t phases have been observed in haUoysites by many workers using X-ray powder diffraction, and the 8.6-)i phase has been seen by others in selected area electron diffraction photographs. Infrared spectra reveal additional similarities between the synthetic hydrates and both halloysite(1071) and partially dehydrated halloysites. Because of these similarities, the synthetic hydrates can be used to develop a model for the dehydration of halloysite(10,/t). Previous work on the 10- and 8.6-/~1 hydrates identified two structural environments for the interlayer water. In one, the water is keyed into the ditrigonal holes of the silicate layer (hole water), and in the other, the water is more mobile (associated water). Both types are found in the QS-10 hydrate and halloysite(10,3i), whereas only hole water occurs in the 8.6-,/t hydrate. In the QS-10 hydrate, stronger hydrogen bonding between hole water and the clay makes the hole water more stable than the associated water. This difference in stability is responsible for a two-step dehydration process. The first step is the loss of associated water which results in a material with d(001) = 8.6 ~. This stable hydrate must be heated to temperatures near 200"C to drive off the remaining hole water. The less perfect structure of halloysite and its common curvilinear morphology reduce the difference in stability between hole and associated water molecules, so that when halloysite(10/~t) dehydrates, loss of hole water and associated water overlaps, and the d-spacing goes directly to 7.2-7.9 ~t.
Circular dichroism of nucleic acid monomers. II. Derivation and application to polymers of a consistent set of guanine and cytosine transition parameters

An approximate semiempirical procedure has been developed in order to derive nucleic acid monomer π → π* electronic transition moment parameters. Using the approximate procedure, guanine (G) and cytosine (C) transition moment parameters have been derived from agreement found between calculated weight-averaged and measured CD spectra of cyclic-GMP and cyclic-CMP. The derived base transition moment parameters have been assessed in CD spectral calculations on some G- and C-containing nucleic acids for which reasonably good structural information exists. An attempt was also made at evaluating the likely CD spectral contributions of G and C electric n → π* transition moments whose magnitudes were taken to be the maximum expected. Overall, the results indicate that the derived G and C π → π* transition moment parameters are more successful in nucleic acid CD spectral calculations than those used in previous DeVoe theory CD calculations. In addition, the results indicate that electric n → π* transitions may be of importance in understanding nucleic acid monomer CD spectra but appear to be relatively unimportant in understanding nucleic acid polymer CD spectra. It is concluded that the derived G and C π → π* parameters are more useful in DeVoe theory CD calculations than parameters used previously.
Potential Consequences of Climate Change to Persistence of Cutthroat Trout Populations

Abstract Warmer water, changes in stream flow, and the increasing frequency and intensity of other disturbances are among the factors associated with climate change that are likely to impact native trout populations in the western USA. We examined how three of these factors—increased summer temperatures, uncharacteristic winter flooding, and increased wildfires—are likely to affect broad-scale population persistence among three subspecies of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii. Our results suggest that as much as 73% of the habitat currently occupied by Bonneville cutthroat trout O. c. utah, 65% of that occupied by westslope cutthroat trout O. c. lewisi, and 29% of that occupied by Colorado River cutthroat trout O. c. pleuriticus will be at high risk from one or more of the these three factors. Within the next 50 years, wildfire, floods, and other disturbances may have a greater impact on population persistence than increasing water temperature alone. Our results also suggest that the risk will vary subs...
Structural characterization of the columnar alkali metal cyclopentadienide [K{C5H2(SiMe3)3-1,2,4}]∞

Unsolvated 1,2,4-tris(trimethylsilyl)cyclopentadienyl potassium (K[Cp3Si]) crystallizes as a base-free “super-sandwich” of alternating potassium ions and Cp′ rings. The polymeric chains in the structure are not connected as in other unsolvated KCp′ structures, but uniquely consist of independent columns. This type of structure has previously been observed in base-free lithium cyclopentadienyl complexes; however, K[Cp3Si] is the first base-free potassium cyclopentadienyl complex that crystallizes without interactions between neighboring chains.
Teraflops supercomputer: architecture and validation of the fault tolerance mechanisms

Intel Corporation developed the Teraflops supercomputer for the US Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI). This is the most powerful computing machine available today, performing over two trillion floating point operations per second with the aid of more than 9,000 Intel processors. The Teraflops machine employs complex hardware and software fault/error handling mechanisms for complying with DOE's reliability requirements. This paper gives a brief description of the system architecture and presents the validation of the fault tolerance mechanisms. Physical fault injection at the IC pin level was used for validation purposes. An original approach was developed for assessing signal sensitivity to transient faults and the effectiveness of the fault/error handling mechanisms. Dependency between fault/error detection coverage and fault duration was also determined. Fault injection experiments unveiled several malfunctions at the hardware, firmware, and software levels. The supercomputer performed according to the DOE requirements after corrective actions were implemented. The fault injection approach presented in this paper can be used for validation of any fault-tolerant or highly available computing system.
Process Conditions for the Separation of Carbon from Fly Ash by Froth Flotation

The results are presented for the third phase of an extended study of process conditions required for the efficient separation of unburned carbon from fly ash by means of froth flotation. In the previous two phases of this study it was shown that a mixture of nonylphenol (NP) and hexadecane (HEX) is a highly effective collector for the carbon when used with MIBC as a frother. During the third phase of the study, many additional flotation tests were conducted with a conventional, bench-scale, mechanically agitated flotation cell to determine the effects of several important process parameters on flotation system performance. These tests were applied to three additional samples of fly ash from two different sources. The system parameters that had a significant effect on flotation included the carbon content of the fly ash, the agitator speed used for preconditioning the pulp and collector, the collector dosage and its NP content, the MIBC dosage, and the number of flotation stages.
A Developmental View of Giftedness

Our most precious resources for the future of our society are human resources. We made an important commitment of scientific talent and financial support about 25 years ago to enhancing the developmental potential of the retarded among us. The progress in this area has been gratifying. A concomitant commitment has not been made to understanding the developmental potential of the gifted among us. The time is past due for that commitment. It is important to draw out the developmental issues related to the gifted and the talented in such a way as to frame productive scientific questions. The model presented in this essay has been used to frame such a set of questions.
Bundling, product choice, and efficiency: Should cable television networks be offered à la carte?

We conduct a numerical analysis of bundling’s impact on a monopolist’s pricing and product choices and assess the implications for consumer welfare in cable television markets. Existing theory is ambiguous: for a given set of products, bundling likely transfers surplus from consumers to firms but also encourages products to be offered that might not be under a la carte pricing. Simulation of “Full A La Carte” for an economic environment calibrated to an average cable television system suggests that consumers would likely benefit from a la carte sales. If all networks continued to be offered, the average household’s surplus is predicted to increase by $6.80 (65.6%) under a la carte sales (despite a total bundle price that almost doubles) and reduced network profits would have to be such that 41 of 50 offered cable networks have to exit the market to make her indifferent. Simulation of a “Theme Tier” scenario provides intermediate benefits. The incremental marginal costs to cable systems of a la carte sales and its impact in the advertising market and on competition are important factors in determining consumer benefits.
Experimental Infection of the Cane Mouse Zygodontomys brevicauda (Family Muridae) with Guanarito Virus (Arenaviridae), the Etiologic Agent of Venezuelan Hemorrhagic Fever

Chronic infections in specific rodents appear to be crucial to the long-term persistence of arenaviruses in nature. The cane mouse, Zygodontomys brevicauda, is a natural host of Guanarito virus (family Arenaviridae), the etiologic agent of Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the natural history of Guanarito virus infection in Z. brevicauda. Thirty-nine laboratory-reared cane mice each were inoculated subcutaneously with 3.0 log10 plaque-forming units of the Guanarito virus prototype strain INH-95551. No lethality was associated with infection in any animal, regardless of age at inoculation. The 13 newborn, 14 weanling, and 8 of the 12 adult animals developed chronic viremic infections characterized by persistent shedding of infectious virus in oropharyngeal secretions and urine. These findings indicate that Guanarito virus infection in Z. brevicauda can be chronic and thus support the concept that this rodent species is the natural reservoir of Guanarito virus.
Emergency use of groundwater as a backup supply: Quantifying hydraulic impacts and economic benefits

[1] Groundwater can play an important role in water-supply emergency planning. A framework is presented for assessing the hydraulic impacts and associated costs of using groundwater as a backup supply when imported-water deliveries are disrupted, and for quantifying the emergency benefits of groundwater management strategies that enable better response to such disruptions. Response functions are derived, which relate additional groundwater pumpage during water-supply emergencies to impacts such as increased pumping costs, subsidence, and seawater intrusion. Monte Carlo analysis is employed to estimate the incremental costs of using groundwater as a backup supply. The emergency benefits of alternative groundwater management strategies are computed for different expected durations of imported water disruption, percentages of imported water replaced by groundwater, and threshold drawdowns for subsidence impacts. The methodology is applied to the coastal Los Angeles Basin. For this case study, emergency benefits of artificial recharge strategies are dominated by reduction of potential subsidence costs. The variance of the results also is primarily due to subsidence effects. Incorporation of probability distributions reflecting a larger expected use of groundwater during the imported-water disruption results in higher estimated emergency benefits of artificial recharge strategies. The framework presented for quantifying incremental costs and economic benefits of using groundwater as a backup supply could be applied to a broad range of water emergency planning decisions.
Artificial Insemination by Donor

In this chapter, brief interview data from donor insemination recipients, consisting of married couples, single heterosexual women, homosexual women, and from donors themselves are complemented by authors’ commentaries regarding artificial insemination from medical and psychological vantage points. The intent is to highlight clinical interviews with pertinent psychodynamic and physiologic correlates of the procedure insofar as they suggest appropriate areas for further investigation. Such research concerns include the compilation of representative subject populations and control groups studied longitudinally and the delineation of biopsychosocial interaction variables in predicting general outcome and in identifying individuals at risk for negative sequelae.
Malt Barley Yield and Quality Affected by Irrigation, Tillage, Crop Rotation, and Nitrogen Fertilization

Little is known about the comparison of management practices on malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) yield and quality in irrigated and non-irrigated cropping systems. We evaluated the effects of irrigation, tillage, cropping system, and N fertilization on malt barley yield and quality in a sandy loam soil from 2005 to 2011 in croplands converted from Conservation Reserve Program in western North Dakota. Treatments were two irrigation practices (irrigated vs. non-irrigated) and five cropping systems (conventional till malt barley with nitrogen fertilizer [CTBN], conventional till malt barley without nitrogen fertilizer [CTBO], no-till malt barley–pea [Pisum sativum L.] with nitrogen fertilizer [NTB–P], no-till malt barley with nitrogen fertilizer [NTBN], and no-till malt barley without nitrogen fertilizer [NTBO]). Malt barley biomass and grain yields were greater with NTB–P, CTBN, and NTBN than CTBO and NTBO in the irrigated and non-irrigated practices. Compared with CTBO and NTBO, grain protein concentration was greater with CTBN in the irrigated practice and greater with NTB-P in the non-irrigated practice. Grain plumpness was greater with CTBO than CTBN in the irrigated practice and greater with CTBN than NTB–P in the non-irrigated practice. Plant stand and test weight were greater with CTBO than CTBN in the irrigated practice and harvest index greater with NTBO than other treatments in the non-irrigated practice. Because of similar or superior yield and quality, NTB–P may be used to sustain malt barley yield and quality compared with the traditional CTBN in the irrigated condition and during years with adequate precipitation in the non-irrigated condition.
The role of coronary flow and adenosine in postischemic recovery of septic rat hearts

Sepsis depresses myocardial function but prevents subsequent ischemia-reperfusion injury. Elevated coronary flow (CF) and endogenous adenosine may be important factors in the complete recovery of postischemic myocardial function observed in septic rat hearts. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of manipulating CF and of antagonizing adenosine receptors on the postischemic recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) in septic and control rat hearts. The relationship between CF and LVDP in septic rat hearts before ischemia was depressed compared with control. However, this relationship was unaltered by ischemia in septic hearts, whereas in control hearts it was severely depressed. Preventing the elevation of CF during reperfusion did not significantly affect the recovery of LVDP in septic rat hearts. Adenosine antagonism by 8-phenyltheophylline (0.1 and 1 nM) prevented the elevated CF during reperfusion, and the higher dose significantly depressed postischemic function. We conclude that elevated CF did not contribute to the recovery of postischemic LVDP in septic rat hearts but that endogenous adenosine may provide protection from ischemia.
Replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulations of cellulose solvated in water and in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride.

Ionic liquids have become a popular solvent for cellulose pretreatment in biorefineries due to their efficiency in dissolution and their reusability. Understanding the interactions between cations, anions, and cellulose is key to the development of better solvents and the improvement of pretreatment conditions. While previous studies described the interactions between ionic liquids and cellulose fibers, shedding light on the initial stages of the cellulose dissolution process, we study the end state of that process by exploring the structure and dynamics of a single cellulose decamer solvated in 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (BmimCl) and in water using replica-exchange molecular dynamics. In both solvents, global structural features of the cellulose chain are similar. However, analyses of local structural properties show that cellulose explores greater conformational variability in the ionic liquid than in water. For instance, in BmimCl the cellulose intramolecular hydrogen bond O3H′···O5 is disru...
The Information service of University Library Under the Circumstance of E-Commerce

The paper states the necessity and feasibility of the university library to use E-Commerce,analyses the model of library to use E-Commerce,and puts strategy of information service Under the Circumstance of E-Commerce in the library.
A Note on Professor Rundell’s Comment

PROFESSOR RUNDELL confines himself to some policy generalizations and eschews the cases. Initially, such restriction of subject matter might have been permissible; I, for one, have always considered policy more important than mere precedent. But it is the Institute which makes case law its god and even cites this very Restatement as a demonstration of its "fundamental policy" to accept existing law, "not to make it"; and Mr. Rundell himself has continuously rested upon the compulsion of the cases. Since my own case study pointed to other conclusions and since I had seen no convincing grouping of cases marshalled behind the Restatement, I took the initiative of making a collection of cases so complete that the reader could draw his own conclusions. The drudgery of this documentation is now turned off with the statement that this is "excellent source material for a study of section 82"-no reference being made to section 85, which, it is true, I believe to be wholly unsupported by precedent; and then my conclusions as to the specific cases are assailed by unannotated characterizations of my supporting authority as "negligible in number and the converse authority overwhelming," with "such an amount and such a unanimity of American authority" for 82 as to make it mandatory, irrespective of history and social desirability, and with "authority and good sense" for 85. I do not believe Mr. Rundell expects to rebut the citation of specific cases by such daring generalizations, and think the key to his proffered rebuttal is found in his statement that he approaches discussion of this, to my mind, purely intellectual disagreement "with reluctance." Had I not already experienced the Institute's unwillingness, nay, rather inability, to be even aware of, much less to consider, opposing viewpoints, I should have supposed that such intellectual jousting would have been approached with a measure of joy and eagerness. In the face of charges at once so broad and so undetailed, there is nothing I can do except ask the reader to return again to a consideration of the cases I cited in my article.' He will find, I think, that even though I have not believed in the various small distinctions in the cases which
363 VERTIGO, SENSORY COMPLAINTS, VISUAL AURA, AND MIGRAINE HEADACHES IN A LARGE FAMILY.

Purpose To characterize the unusual clinical features within a large family with migraine and to explore possible genetic basis. Background Migraine is a highly prevalent neurological disorder defined by repeated attacks of disabling throbbing headache with photo- and phono-phobia and variably associated with focal neurological deficits affecting visual, motor, and sensory function. The mechanism of migraine is not well understood but is thought to have a genetic component. Methods The index patient presented to the UCLA Neurology Clinic for evaluation of recurrent vertigo, unusual sensory complaints, visual aura, and migraine headaches. We interviewed consenting relatives and obtained DNA samples for linkage analysis. Results We identified affected individuals spanning five generations. Age of onset of symptoms, frequency, duration, resolution, and triggers were highly variable among subjects. Conclusion The clinical presentation in this family is variable, with age- and gender-dependent penetrance. Recurrent vertigo and sensory complaints were temporally associated with migraine headaches and visual aura that are likely manifestations of migraine. Genetic linkage analysis is currently under way to identify candidate loci in this family with complicated migraine.
DESCRIPTION OF A DIRECT-INDIRECT ROOM-SIZED CALORIMETER

A calorimeter suitable for measuring human energy expenditure has been assembled by the US Department of Agriculture in Beltsville, Maryland. The room-sized calorimeter is 3.05 X 2.74 X 2.44 m (20....
Yield enhancement in stripper process and related process using SensArray HighTemp wafer

HT-350 is a novel product to do process temperature in-situ measurement. Temperature is the most important factor in strip process. In this paper, HT-350 data helps customer a lot in process maintenances and recipe tuning. The final goal is process monitor and control fab off-line etching rate (ER) chart by HT-350 wafer.
A New Line Defect in NdTiO3 Perovskite.

Perovskite oxides form an eclectic class of materials owing to their structural flexibility in accommodating cations of different sizes and valences. They host well-known point and planar defects, but so far no line defect has been identified other than dislocations. Using analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and ab initio calculations, we have detected and characterized the atomic and electronic structures of a novel line defect in NdTiO3 perovskite. It appears in STEM images as a perovskite cell rotated by 45°. It consists of self-organized Ti–O vacancy lines replaced by Nd columns surrounding a central Ti–O octahedral chain containing Ti4+ ions, as opposed to Ti3+ in the host. The distinct Ti valence in this line defect introduces the possibility of engineering exotic conducting properties in a single preferred direction and tailoring novel desirable functionalities in this Mott insulator.
Medication Administration Considerations for Patients Receiving Enteral Tube Feedings

Nutrition Support Consultant features issues pertinent to the clinical aspects of pharmacy nutrition support practice.
Chapter 7 – Chromium in the Ocean

Publisher Summary Several of the essential trace nutrient metals, including chromium, are considered important environmental contaminants because of their toxicity and potential to be mobilized by human activities. Because they are essential micronutrients, marine organisms have evolved mechanisms for accumulating them from water and food and for regulating their forms, distribution, and concentrations in tissues and body fluids. However, there is relatively little published information on the bioaccumulation of chromium by marine organisms. Chromium can occur in nature in nine oxidation states between -2 and +6. At the pH, Eh, and ionic strength of seawater, chromium exists in the oceans primarily in two valency states: particle-active trivalent chromium, Cr (III), and more soluble hexavalent chromium, Cr (VI). However, Cr (II) may also occur under some conditions. From a thermodynamic standpoint, only hexavalent chromium is present in oxygenated seawater. Most of the chromium in oceanic surface waters is, in fact, hexavalent. However, in near shore and estuarine waters, and hypoxic ocean waters (for example, the minimum-oxygen layer in the ocean), the dissolved Cr (VI)/Cr (III) ratio usually ranges from 1 to 20 and appears to be controlled by biological activity.
Variables associated with loss of ileoanal pouches constructed in childhood.

Abstract Aims To quantify the incidence of loss of an ileoanal pouch in children and to identify variables associated this event. Methods Logistic regression of possible explanatory variables: age, sex, indication for procto-colectomy, pre-operative continence status, use of immunosuppressive drugs, open or laparoscopic surgery, number of stages, anastomotic leak, operative complication excluding anastomotic leak, performance of revisional surgery, albumin concentration and platelet count at time of surgery, rank order in series. Univariate logistic regression was used to identify significant variables which were then assessed in a multivariate model and construction of Kaplan–Meier graphs. Results 103 children, 56 girls, underwent ileoanal pouch at median age 14years (SD 3.7). Indications and mean age were: ulcerative colitis (n=71, 14years), polyposis syndromes (n=13, 15years), chronic idiopathic constipation (n=9, 11years), Hirschsprung's disease (n=4, 1year), Crohn's disease (n=2, 16years), and fibrosing colonopathy (n=2, 11years). 13 patients had their pouch excised or permanently diverted. Three patients had successful revisional pouch surgery. Only pre-operative fecal incontinence and anastomotic leak were significantly associated with pouch excision/diversion, however on multivariate analysis, only fecal incontinence remained significant, odds ratio 21 (95%CI 1.8–235, p=0.01). Pouch survival was significantly worse where there was fecal incontinence pre-operatively, p Conclusions 13% of children subjected to restorative procto-colectomy ultimately receive a permanent ileostomy. Fecal incontinence prior to surgery is a relative contra-indication. Anastomotic leak increases the probability of later pouch excision. Level of evidence IV.
Considering total intracranial volume and other nuisance variables in brain voxel based morphometry in idiopathic PD.

Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies of Parkinson's disease (PD), have yielded mixed results, possibly due to several studies not accounting for common nuisance variables (age, sex, and total intracranial volume [TICV]). TICV is particularly important because there is evidence for larger TICV in PD. We explored the influence of these covariates on VBM by 1) comparing PD patients and controls before adding covariates, after adding age and sex, and after adding age, sex and TICV, and 2) by comparing controls split into large and small TICV before and after controlling for TICV, with age and sex accounted for in both analyses. Experiment 1 consisted of 40 PD participants and 40 controls. Experiment 2 consisted of 88 controls median split by TICV. All participants completed an MRI on a 3 T scanner. TICV was calculated as gray + white + CSF from Freesurfer. VBM was performed on T1 images using an optimized VBM protocol. Volume differences were assessed using a voxel-wise GLM analysis. Clusters were considered significant at >10 voxels and p < .05 corrected for familywise error. Before controlling for covariates, PD showed reduced GM in temporal, occipital, and cerebellar regions. Controlling for age and sex did not affect the pattern of significance. Controlling for TICV reduced the size of the significant region although it still contained portions of bilateral temporal lobes, occipital lobes and cerebellum. The large TICV group showed reduced volume in temporal, parietal, and cerebellar areas. None of these differences survived controlling for TICV. This demonstrates that TICV influences VBM results independently from other factors. Controlling for TICV in VBM studies is recommended.
Building Public Support for Science Spending.

While most Americans support scientific research, few favor an increase in federal investment. This opposition is driven in large part by misinformation about the actual level of governmental suppo...
Adolescents' smokeless tobacco susceptibility by perceived professional baseball players' use

Objective Measure associations between adolescent baseball players' perceptions of smokeless tobacco (ST) use by professional baseball players and those adolescents' actual ST use and susceptibility. Methods Male baseball players (N = 360) at 25 rural California high schools completed tobacco behavior surveys and reported how likely they believed it was their favorite major league baseball player used ST. We compared ST use and, among ST never-users, willingness and expectations to use ST, according to perceived favorite player's use. Results Adolescents responding that their favorite player definitely or probably used ST were significantly more likely to use ST themselves. High school ST never-users who perceived that their favorite player definitely used ST were 2.5 to 3-times more likely to be susceptible to ST initiation than participants responding that their favorite player definitely did not use ST. Conclusions Adolescents' ST behaviors and intentions were correlated with their perceptions of professional baseball players' ST use.
Improving small area estimates of disability: combining the American Community Survey with the Survey of Income and Program Participation

Summary The Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) is designed to make national level estimates of changes in income, eligibility for and participation in transfer programmes, household and family composition, labour force behaviour and other associated events. Used cross-sectionally, the SIPP is the source for commonly accepted estimates of disability prevalence, having been cited in the findings clause of the Americans with Disability Act. Because of its sample size, the SIPP is not designed to produce highly reliable estimates for individual states. The American Community Survey (ACS) is a large sample survey which is designed to support estimates of characteristics at the state and county level; however, the questions about disability in the ACS are not as comprehensive and detailed as in the SIPP. We propose combining the information from the SIPP and ACS to improve, i.e. to lower variances of, state estimates of disability (as defined by the SIPP).
What Not to Do When Your Roommate Is Murdered in Italy: Amanda Knox, Her 'Strange' Behavior, and the Italian Legal System

One of the most widely publicized cases of our time is that of Amanda Knox, the college student from West Seattle who was convicted of murdering her British roommate in Italy and served four years in prison before being acquitted and released. Retried in absentia, she was convicted again, only to be exonerated by the Italian Supreme Court, which handed down its final opinion in September, 2015. Throughout its eight-year duration, the case garnered worldwide attention, in part because of the pretty, photogenic defendant and the drug-fueled sex game that the prosecutor adduced as the motive for the crime. Interest in the case spiked again with the release of a Netflix original documentary, Amanda Knox, in the fall of 2016. While the Amanda Knox case has been remarkable for its ability to fascinate an international audience, it is not altogether unique. Rather, it is emblematic of broader themes and a broader problem−that of human beings’ prejudice against “strangeness” and our desperation for a hasty assessment of guilt or innocence‒qualities that can bleed into a legal system to the detriment of the quest for truth. In this Article, I explore the Amanda Knox case in the context of our defective ability to judge. In Part One, I use the conceit of a “What Not to Do” list to highlight the role played by Amanda’s “strangeness” in bringing about her arrest and two convictions. In Part Two, I re-examine the usual rationale for Amanda’s behavior and suggest that a better explanation lies in her age and developmental stage. In Part Three, I shift from the interpreted to the interpreters, arguing that the latter were powerfully affected by the Madonna/whore complex and cultural differences between Perugia and Seattle. In Part Four, I analyze the impact of the Italian legal system, with its deep roots in the inquisitorial paradigm and its limited adversarial reforms. This Article is based not only on scholarly research but also on my four sojourns in Italy, where I retraced Amanda’s footsteps and discussed the case with numerous legal experts. I had the opportunity to interview Amanda herself after she was free in Seattle.
Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies

Introduction Neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a devastating neurologic condition with high mortality rates and long-term complications for surviving infants. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as novel therapeutic agents with promising results in experimental studies of HIE. The purpose of this study is to (a) methodically review the current preclinical literature describing MSC therapy in animal models of HIE, (b) quantify the effect size in regards to functional neurologic outcome, and (c) identify research gaps/limitations that should be addressed prior to future preclinical and clinical studies. Methods Adhering to the Systematic Review Protocol for Animal Intervention Studies, a systematic search of English articles was performed. Eligible studies were identified and data regarding study characteristics and outcome measures was extracted. After quality assessment, meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed to generate random effect size using standardized mean difference (SMD). Funnel plots and Egger’s tests were utilized to evaluate for the presence of publication bias. Results A total of 19 studies met inclusion in the current systematic review. Meta-analysis revealed that MSCs have a significant positive effect on neurobehavioral outcome following HIE injury. Sensorimotor function was improved by 2.25 SMD (95% CI; 2.04–2.46) in cylinder rearing and 2.97 SMD (95% CI; 2.56–3.38) in rotarod. Likewise, cognitive function was improved by 2.76 SMD (95% CI; 2.53–2.98) on the water maze and 2.97 SMD (95% CI; 2.58–3.35) in object recognition. Stratification demonstrated an increased effect size depending on various study characteristics. Conclusions Overall, these results suggest a promising role for MSCs in preclinical studies of HIE. MSC treatment demonstrates improved functional outcomes that are encouraging for future translational studies. While risk of bias and heterogeneity limited the strength of our meta-analysis, our results are consistent with those seen in this field of research.
The Food Outlook: A World Imperative

Population has proved its propensity to grow faster than its food supply until a balance is reached at the Asiatic level of subsistence. The less-developed countries continue in nutritional crisis largely because of inadequate application of food production technology and the resource requirements imposed by child dependency. Developed countries show much more promise of avoiding this tragedy through management of resources and populations.Increases are essential in research, teaching and extension education in the many competencies comprising the technologies of food production and public health if food supply is to gain on population. Mechanical engineers must lead if that technology is to be applied through mechanization to bring about desired increases in the economy, efficiency and effectiveness of the food industry, so people may heed their nutritional history and not relive it.Paper published with permission.Compilation Copyright © 2018 ASME
Ultrasound in Combat Trauma

Ultrasound is an important part of the initial trauma workup, no matter the setting. Most surgeons will be practicing at a Combat Support Hospital (CSH) in theatre; however, as a part of a FST you might not have a CT scanner available. In austere scenarios, US can be invaluable in directing resuscitative and operative management, but US should also be a part of the CSH or trauma center evaluation. Admittedly, many civilian trauma centers have such quick access to CT scanning that US is largely bypassed with the advent of the “pan-scan.” With multiple patient and mass casualty scenarios quickly overwhelming CT capabilities; however, US can be crucial in getting the trauma team useful information quickly.