cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dearomatization of Anilines by Coordination to Pentaammineosmium(II)

η2-Aniline complexes of the π-base pentaammineosmium(II) are synthesized with a variety of different aniline ligands in good yield. Once synthesized, these complexes display ligand-based reactivity with a variety of electrophiles. Reaction with trifluoromethanesulfonic (triflic) acid produces 2H- and 4H-anilinium complexes, species resulting from protonation on the ring. The regioselectivity of protonation depends on a variety of factors, including the aniline substitution pattern, temperature, and solvent. In addition, the η2-aniline complexes undergo regiospecific, chemospecific, and stereospecific reactions with carbon electrophiles such as Michael acceptors, acetals, and ketals. The resulting anilinium complexes are stabilized by a strong metal-to-ligand back-bonding interaction. As a result, these 4H-anilinium complexes may be functionalized further by their reaction with nucleophiles and complete dearomatization of the aniline ligand is thus achieved. The resulting allylamine and imine complexes are...
Relative contributions of spousal support and illness appraisals to depressed mood in arthritis patients.

Objective. To examine the ability of cognitive appraisals of illness and spousal support to modify depressed mood in arthritis patients. Methods. Psychosocial data were collected from 64 married patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) within 2 years of diagnosis and at an 18–month fol-lowup. Results. The interaction of challenge appraisals with positive support received from the spouse was related to changes in depression over time. There was an increase in depression as challenge appraisals increased when accompanied by greater receipt of positive support, whereas individuals who did not experience a sense of challenge in response to the diagnosis of RA had the lowest levels of residualized depression when they also received higher positive support from their spouses at the beginning of the study. Conclusion. The results are considered in terms of the cognitive-behavioral mediation model suggested by Kerns and associates concerning the relationship of chronic pain to depression and have implications for interventions aimed at arthritis patients and their spouses.
Gene control by phosphoproteins: A theoretical model for eukarotic DNA regulation

Although gene regulatory mechanisms in eukaryotic cells are complex, some progress is being made in understanding them. Chromosomal proteins may play a significant role in genome function and gene control. More specifically, a central role may be played by the nuclear nonhistone proteins. It appears that both viral transformation and steroid hormone action may be associated with the phosphorylation of these proteins. Recent studies have revealed that some oncogenic viruses are capable of producing viral transforming proteins with protein kinase activity. This suggests how they may subvert normal gene regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, the effects of the steroid-receptor complex on nuclear nonhistone proteins may be similar to the effects of these viral transforming proteins, but in a controlled sense. A model of gene-regulatory, nuclear phosphorylation reactions is formulated which suggests how some oncogenic viruses may control normal gene regulatory mechanisms and how steroid hormones may interact with these same mechanisms. Such a model may reveal how disruption of these same mechanisms leads to carcinogenesis.
Design of a radon exposure system.

Abstract A laboratory facility for the exposure of animals (mice) to known concentrations of radon in an inhalation toxicity chamber is described in some detail. A dynamic system is used providing for intermittent or long-term exposures. De-emanation of a radium chloride solution by aeration is used as the source. Exposures to radon provides diffuse irradiation of the respiratory tract by an alpha-emitter as contrasted to discrete par-ticulate sources.
Aggregation bias and the capacity for formal crime control: The determinants of total and disaggregated police force size in Milwaukee, 1934–1987

Recent longitudinal analyses of total police force size, both cross and within jurisdictions, raise serious questions about the explanatory power of the rational choice and conflict theories of crime control. Generally the empirical literature suggests that current levels of police force size are explained well by previous manpower levels and are relatively unresponsive to changes in the social structure of macro social units. This study explores the possibility that the failure to decompose police force size into its component parts may be masking the influence of structural conditions on crime control bureaucracies. We examine changes, over time, in the size of the total and disaggregated (patrol, detective, and civilian) police force in Milwaukee from 1934 to 1987. The findings suggest that police administrators may have more discretion to make adjustments to specific units than to total manpower levels. We discuss the implications of these results for rational choice and conflict theories.
Note: an asymmetric flexure mechanism for comb-drive actuators.

This Note presents a new asymmetric flexure design, the double parallelogram–tilted-beam double parallelogram (DP-TDP) flexure, that enables two times higher stroke in electrostatic comb-drive actuators, compared to the traditional symmetrically paired double parallelogram (DP-DP) flexure, while maintaining the same device footprint. Because of its unique kinematic configuration, the DP-TDP flexure provides an improved stiffness ratio between the bearing and actuation directions, thus delaying the on-set of sideways instability. Experimental testing of micro-fabricated comb-drive actuators with flexure beam length 1 mm and comb gap 5 μm demonstrates a stroke of 149 μm (at 86 V) for the proposed DP-TDP flexure, in comparison to 75 μm (at 45 V) for the traditional DP-DP flexure.
VTL zone-aware path cloaking algorithm

Traffic engineering applications often benefit from collecting vehicle GPS traces in well-defined locations. As a motivating example, we will consider a traffic signal performance evaluation technique which requires GPS traces of vehicles traversing intersections. Since these applications do not require vehicle identity information, they are a good candidate for data de-identification techniques. Prior techniques can either provide data from specific locations or guarantee a high degree of anonymity under light traffic conditions but do not achieve both. In this paper, we propose a virtual trip line zone-aware path cloaking algorithm which combines these features. Zones where data should be retained can be predefined over the intersections of interest and the path cloaking algorithm uses entropy-estimates to decide whether the data can be revealed. Result obtained from a traffic simulator show that the application success rate increased from 39 to 82% compared to a zone-unaware path cloaking algorithm, while achieving a similar degree of privacy.
Patients with a history of epithelial ovarian cancer presenting with a breast and/or axillary mass

Abstract Objective A breast and/or axillary mass in a patient with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) may be due to an EOC breast metastasis or a second primary breast cancer. We sought to review our experience with patients with a history of EOC presenting with a breast and/or axillary mass to determine if clinical features differed between these entities. Methods Between 1/90 and 10/07, 29 women with epithelial EOC presented with a breast or axillary mass, including 10 patients with EOC metastatic to the breast and/or axilla and 19 patients with a second primary breast cancer following their original EOC diagnosis. Clinicopathologic factors/survival were retrospectively abstracted from medical records. Results The mean EOC disease-free survival (DFS) was 14.9 mo versus 77.4 mo ( P P =0.02). Patients with a second primary breast cancer were more likely to be diagnosed on mammogram and have a family history of breast and ovarian carcinoma than patients with metastatic EOC to the breast and/or axilla (14/19 [73.7%] versus 2/9 [22.8%], P =0.02; and 12/18 [66.7%] versus 2/10 [20%], P =0.05, respectively). Median overall survival for patients with EOC metastasis was 26 mo but was not yet reached for those patients with a second primary breast cancer. On univariate analysis, an ovarian cancer DFS of 12 mo or more and the performance of breast/axillary surgery were associated with a significantly longer overall survival ( P =0.01 and 0.02, respectively), whereas an elevated CA125 level at the time of the breast/axilla event and the presence of EOC metastases to the breast and axilla were significant negative predictors of survival ( P =0.01 and 0.05, respectively). Conclusion The interval between EOC diagnosis and the breast and/or axilla event, an elevated CA125 level, and a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer may help differentiate patients with metastatic EOC to the breast and/or axilla from those patients with a second primary breast cancer. The presence of a metastatic EOC portends a poor prognosis.
Researching Across Difference: Reflections of a Storyteller

This article tells of a process in which African American female college students became co-researchers in a project in which they told of their experiences on a predominantly White campus. They later engaged in the reflection of those stories and then met in succeeding sessions to discuss their reactions and share their hopes for changing the situations. The researcher employed participatory research methods, strategies of group narrative, and individual interviews. She then recorded the discussions of all sessions, identifying major themes and analyzing data in categories titled voices of self, voices of distress, and voices of empowerment. She also recorded observable actions illustrating the students were empowered to change situations on campus. The author's self-reflection links her story with the co-researchers' stories and tells of the transformation that takes place in her. Her present reflection on her experience concludes that dealing with difference in higher education is a continuing struggle.
Multimodal detection of salient behaviors of approach-avoidance in dyadic interactions

Approach-Avoidance (AA) coding is a measure of involvement and immediacy in human dyadic interactions. We focus on analyzing the salient events in interactions that trigger change points in AA code in time, as perceived by domain experts. We employ coarse level visual cues associated with body parts, as well as vocal energy features. Motion vector extraction and body pose estimation techniques are used for extracting visual cues. Functionals of these cues are used as features for SVM based machine learning experiments. We found that the coder's judgments on salient events are related to the short time interval preceding the labeling. We also show that visual cues are the main information source for decision making on salient AA events, and that considering the information from a subset of body parts provides the same information as considering the full set. The mean of absolute value and standard deviation of motion streams are the most effective functionals as feature. We achieve an F-score of 0.55 in detecting salient events using cross-validation with a one-subject-out approach.
Interaction of Drosophila melanogaster prohormone convertase 2 and 7B2. Insect cell-specific processing and secretion

The prohormone convertases (PCs) are an evolutionarily ancient group of proteases required for the maturation of neuropeptide and peptide hormone precursors. In Drosophila melanogaster, the homolog of prohormone convertase 2, dPC2 (amontillado), is required for normal hatching behavior, and immunoblotting data indicate that flies express 80- and 75-kDa forms of this protein. Because mouse PC2 (mPC2) requires 7B2, a helper protein for productive maturation, we searched the fly data base for the 7B2 signature motif PPNPCP and identified an expressed sequence tag clone encoding the entire open reading frame for this protein. dPC2 and d7B2 cDNAs were subcloned into expression vectors for transfection into HEK-293 cells; mPC2 and rat 7B2 were used as controls. Although active mPC2 was detected in medium in the presence of either d7B2 or r7B2, dPC2 showed no proteolytic activity upon coexpression of either d7B2 or r7B2. Labeling experiments showed that dPC2 was synthesized but not secreted from HEK-293 cells. However, when dPC2 and either d7B2 or r7B2 were coexpressed in Drosophila S2 cells, abundant immunoreactive dPC2 was secreted into the medium, coincident with the appearance of PC2 activity. Expression and secretion of dPC2 enzyme activity thus appears to require insect cell-specific posttranslational processing events. The significant differences in the cell biology of the insect and mammalian enzymes, with 7B2 absolutely required for secretion of dPC2 and zymogen conversion occurring intracellularly in the case of dPC2 but not mPC2, support the idea that the Drosophila enzyme has specific requirements for maturation and secretion that can be met only in insect cells.
TRAVELERS' PREFERENCES FOR IN-VEHICLE INFORMATION SYSTEMS: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS

A sample of travelers' preferences toward in-vehicle traffic information systems was undertaken and appropriate statistical models were estimated. Specifically, ordered logit and regression analyses were conducted to quantify travelers' ratings of the importance of in-vehicle system attributes, and the distance ahead that they prefer to be notified of various types of information provided by in-vehicle systems. Model estimation results show that travelers' socio-economics, habitual travel patterns, commute congestion levels and attitudes toward in-vehicle technologies are significant determinants of travelers' importance ratings and the preferred distance ahead of in-vehicle system information. These model results provide important information for both marketing and design of in-vehicle information systems.
Factors affecting the absorption of riboflavin in man.

The urinary recovery of riboflavin as a function of dose after oral administration to fasted normal humans shows that the process responsible for the absorption of this vitamin is saturable. The saturation effect is not evident when riboflavin doses as high as 30 mg. are administered after a meal. The enhanced absorption of riboflavin in the presence of food appears to be due to a decrease in intestinal transit rate which causes the vitamin to be retained at absorption sites in the small intestine for a longer period of time. The site specificity and saturability of riboflavin absorption suggest that the vitamin is absorbed by specialized transport rather than by passive diffusion. This conclusion is supported by kinetic and physical-chemical data, as well as by the results of studies of the effect of route of administration on the recovery of riboflavin in the urine.
Helicobacter pylori eradication using one-week low-dose lansoprazole plus amoxycillin and either clarithromycin or azithromycin.

Aim : To evaluate and compare two 1-week low-dose triple therapies based on lansoprazole, amoxycillin and a macrolide in eradicating Helicobacter pylori. Methods : Seventy consecutive patients, suffering from dyspeptic symptoms with H. pylori infection, were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups : (A) (LAC ; n = 35) lansoprazole 30 mg once daily, amoxycillin 1000 mg b.d., clarithromycin 250 mg b.d., all for 7 days ; and (B) (LAA ; n = 35) lansoprazole 30 mg once daily and amoxycillin 1000 mg b.d., both for 7 days, plus azithromycin 500 mg once daily for only 3 days. The H. pylori status was evaluated by means of histology and rapid urease test at entry and 8 weeks after treatment. Results : Three patients did not complete the treatment : one in the LAC group was withdrawn owing to severe side-effects ; two patients in the LAA group stopped the treatment prematurely. H. pylori eradication was obtained in 28 of 34 (82% ; 95% CI = 66-93%) patients in the LAC group and in 20 of 33 (61% ; 95% CI = 42-77%) patients in the LAA group. The difference is significant (P < 0.029). On intention-to-treat analysis, the rates of eradication were (28 of 35 patients, 80% in the LAC group and 20 of 35 patients, 57% in the LAA group. Side-effects occurred in nine (26%) and six (18%) patients in the LAC and LAA groups, respectively. Conclusions : Low-dose lansoprazole plus amoxycillin and clarithromycin is more effective than low-dose lansoprazole plus amoxycillin and azithromycin, but it gave a greater incidence of side-effects.
Dynamic design of automotive systems: Engine mounts and structural joints

Dynamic design and vibro-acoustic modelling issues for automotive structures are illustrated via two case studies. The first case examines the role and performance of passive and adaptive hydraulic engine mounts. In the second, the importance of welded joints and adhesives in vehicle bodies and chassis structures is highlighted via generic ‘T’ and ‘L’ beam assemblies. In each case, analytical and experimental results are presented. Unresolved research issues are briefly discussed.
Child health services in Colombia: Developing preventive health care strategies in university-Level hospitals

This report is based on a study of the history, extent, and impact of preventive health care practices for children in Colombia. Its purpose was to provide Colombia university-level hospitals with a preventive medicine strategy for improving their child health services. Information was collected in Colombia with the assistance of the Children's Hospital (Lorencita Villegas de Santos) and the Ministry of Health. Visits were made to hospitals and health centres throughout Colombia, and health officials, doctors, professional staff, and parents were interviewed in the cities and surrounding rural areas of Bogota, Cali and Medellin. The medical problems of childhood in Colombia were characterized and the role of the medical profession in the design and implementation of health policies in Colombia was investigated. A review was conducted of relevant major field projects in Colombia and the role of the university-level hospital was examined. The study brought to light several concepts and components of preventive medicine which could be adopted at all university-level hospitals; specific attention, however, was given to the Children's Hospital (Lorencita Villegas de Santos) in Bogota. The extreme diversity of population groups in Colombia makes generalizations about the effectiveness of methods difficult. Thus, the emphasis of the proposed model is on the design of a possible approach, appropriate to one major medical institution, not on methods which are applicable to all other institutions. The model suggests that selected health themes, together with an integration of preventive and curative medicine, be developed through research, teaching, and service intervention, involving modification of the medical curriculum to include student training assignments with target communities.
Increased Tolerance of the Chronically Hypoxic Immature Heart to Ischemia Contribution of the KATP Channel

Background Hypoxia from birth in immature rabbits increases the tolerance of isolated hearts to ischemia compared with age-matched normoxic rabbits. We determined whether this increased tolerance to ischemia was due to an alteration in the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel and whether increased KATP channel activation was associated with increases in intracellular lactate. Methods and Results Isolated immature rabbit hearts (7 to 10 days old) were perfused with bicarbonate buffer at 39°C in the Langendorff mode at a constant pressure. Saline-filled latex balloons were placed in the left and right ventricles for measurement of developed pressure. A KATP channel agonist (bimakalim) or a KATP channel antagonist (glibenclamide) was added 15 minutes before a global ischemic period of 18 minutes, followed by 35 minutes of reperfusion. Rabbits raised from birth in hypoxic conditions (Fio2=0.12) displayed significantly enhanced recovery of developed pressure. The right ventricle was more tolerant of ischemia than the left ventricle in normoxic and hypoxic hearts. Bimakalim (1 μmol/L) increased the recovery of left ventricular developed pressure in normoxic hearts to values not different from those of hypoxic controls (43±3% to 67±5%) and slightly increased developed pressure in hypoxic hearts (67±5% to 72±5%). Glibenclamide (3 μmol/L) abolished the cardioprotective effect of hypoxia (67±5% to 43±5%). Constant-flow studies indicated that the effects of bimakalim and glibenclamide were independent of their actions on coronary flow. Ventricular lactate and lactate dehydrogenase concentrations were elevated in hypoxic hearts compared with normoxic control hearts. Conclusions Increased tolerance to ischemia exhibited by chronically hypoxic rabbit hearts is associated with increased activation of the KATP channel. This increased KATP activity may be the result of increased intracellular concentrations of lactate.
Resistance of stem-like cells from neuroblastoma cell lines to commonly used chemotherapeutic agents

Background. Cancer stem cell theory suggests that the presence of tumor initiating stem-like cells in cancers may be responsible for cancer progression and relapse. CD133 cell surface maker expression has been used to identify stem-like cells in cancer cell lines. Our goal was to identify such cells in neuroblastoma cell lines and to study the cytotoxicity of common anticancer drugs for those cells. Materials and Methods. CD133þ cells from SK-N-SH and SK-N-BE cell lines were isolated using magnetic microbeads. Cytotoxicity of four anticancer drugs was studied on CD133þ and CD133� populations. The percentage of live, apoptotic, and dead cells in each population after drug treatment was estimated by MTT and PI/ Annexin-binding assays. Western blot analyses were used to identify differences in the expression of kinases. Results. Eight to 10% of SKN-SH and 3–5% of SK-N-BE cells were CD133þ. These cells were more resistant than CD133� cells to all four chemotherapeutic agents tested in the MTT assay. Decreased apoptosis was observed in CD133þ cells compared to CD133� cells by PI/Annexin V-binding assay. Western blot analysis showed that CD133þ cells expressed less MKP-1. Phosphorylated forms of both ERK and P-38 kinases were expressed at higher levels in CD133þ cells than in CD133� cells. Conclusions. This study suggests that CD133þ cells are more resistant to anticancer drugs than CD133� cells. Differences in the expression and phosphorylation of kinases could be partially responsible for this difference. Targeting CD133-expressing cells could be a strategy to develop more effective treatments for neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:361–368. 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Robust Optimization for Empty Repositioning Problems

We develop a robust optimization framework for dynamic empty repositioning problems modeled using time-space networks. In such problems, uncertainty arises primarily from forecasts of future supplies and demands for assets at different time epochs. The proposed approach models such uncertainty using intervals about nominal forecast values and a limit on the systemwide scaled deviation from the nominal forecast values. A robust repositioning plan is defined as one in which the typical flow balance constraints and flow bounds are satisfied for the nominal forecast values, and the plan is recoverable under a limited set of recovery actions. A plan is recoverable when feasibility can be reestablished for any outcome in a defined uncertainty set. We develop necessary and sufficient conditions for flows to be robust under this definition for three types of allowable recovery actions. When recovery actions allow only flow changes on inventory arcs, we show that the resulting problem is polynomially solvable. When recovery actions allow limited reactive repositioning flows, we develop feasibility conditions that are independent of the size of the uncertainty set. A computational study establishes the practical viability of the proposed framework.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease and patterns of reflux in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis using hypopharyngeal multichannel intraluminal impedance.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a diffuse fibrotic lung disease of unknown etiology. The association between IPF and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been suggested. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of GERD and assess the proximity of reflux events in patients with histologically proven IPF using hypopharyngeal multichannel intraluminal impedance (HMII). This is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data from patients with histologically confirmed IPF (via lung biopsy) who underwent objective esophageal physiology testing including high-resolution manometry and HMII. Defective lower esophageal sphincter (LES) was defined as either LES pressure of 70%), and abnormal proximal reflux events such as LPR and full column reflux are common despite a frequently negative DeMeester score. HMII may be beneficial in the work-up of GERD in patients with IPF.
Characterization of STI Edge Effects on CMOS Variability

Layout effects (well proximity effect, gate-STI distance effect, litho proximity effects, etc.) can lead to significant deviations between measured and modeled drain currents in advanced CMOS processes. Because several of these effects can occur at the same time and because a proper distinction between systematic and random effects is not always made, this often leads to confusion on the subject of variability. Using a dedicated set of-asymmetrically designed-matched pair test structures and a data analysis technique based on so-called mismatch sweeps, we answer some important questions in these discussions on variability in advanced CMOS technologies. Taking the STI-induced stress effect as an example, we show that, although there can be a large systematic offset in drain current and threshold voltage due to this effect, there is no significant impact on random mismatch fluctuations.
Democratic practices and dialogic frameworks: Efforts toward transcending the cultural myths of teaching

This article examines how the democratic practices of a teamed model of student teaching affect the student teachers’ susceptibility to be “summoned” by cultural myths of teaching as described by Britzman. Development and implementation of the teamed model was the basis for a case study of the mediation of power within the context of a student teaching experience. The teamed model was designed to develop dialogic practices that breach the dualism of theory and practice. The study was grounded in critical theory. Action research provided the framework for the participants’ systematic inquiry and reflection of pedagogy and served as a catalyst for implementing democratic practices within the teamed model. Findings reveal the possibilities for democratic practices to reposition mythical images of teaching from individual enterprise to a socially negotiated experience.
PIP3 pathway in regulatory T cells and autoimmunity

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in preventing both autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Many recent studies have focused on defining the signal transduction pathways essential for the development and the function of Tregs. Increasing evidence suggest that T-cell receptor (TCR), interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor (IL-2R), and co-stimulatory receptor signaling are important in the early development, peripheral homeostasis, and function of Tregs. The phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)-regulated pathway (PIP3 pathway) is one of the major signaling pathways activated upon TCR, IL-2R, and CD28 stimulation, leading to T-cell activation, proliferation, and cell survival. Activation of the PIP3 pathway is also negatively regulated by two phosphatidylinositol phosphatases SHIP and PTEN. Several mouse models deficient for the molecules involved in PIP3 pathway suggest that impairment of PIP3 signaling leads to dysregulation of immune responses and, in some cases, autoimmunity. This review will summarize the current understanding of the importance of the PIP3 pathway in T-cell signaling and the possible roles this pathway performs in the development and the function of Tregs.
A more reliable robust stability indicator for linear systems subject to parametric uncertainties

Many of the currently proposed techniques to perform frequency-domain stability analysis against real parametric variations fail because "discontinuities" of the real stability margin prevent straightforward frequency gridding techniques from behaving properly. In this paper, we present a new robustness indicator which readily bypasses this issue. The new indicator seems to work considerably better than the existing ones.
Research Note: Early Detection of the Absence of a Vitamin Premix in Layer Diets by Egg Albumen Riboflavin Analysis

Abstract Four groups of laying hens were fed a corn and soybean meal basal diet without vitamin supplementation, with riboflavin, with other vitamins, or with riboflavin and other vitamins for 3 wk. They were then fed a recovery diet for 1 wk. Egg production rate was unaffected by the absence of vitamin supplements. Egg weight was significantly reduced by riboflavin deficiency and the absence of other vitamins and further reduced by the absence of both riboflavin and the other vitamins. Egg hatchability was markedly reduced by riboflavin deficiency in the presence or absence of other vitamins. Egg albumen riboflavin concentrations dropped within 4 to 6 days in eggs from hens fed the diets without riboflavin or all supplemental vitamins. Albumen color scores in eggs from hens fed diets without supplemental riboflavin dropped in 2 days and continued to decline. The correlation coefficient of egg albumen riboflavin content with egg albumen color score was very high (r = .96). It appears that egg albumen riboflavin concentrations or egg albumen color scores can be used not only to assess nutritional status of the hen for this vitamin but also as a quality control measure in feed formulation and mixing for the presence of vitamin supplements in the diet.
Capacitive Power Transfer for Rotor Field Current in Synchronous Machines

Permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machines are utilized in a wide variety of applications due to their many desirable characteristics, including high torque density capability and high efficiency. In the near future, however, the demand for the PM rare earth materials is projected to exceed world production. As a result, electric machines that do not rely on rare earth materials, such as wound field synchronous machines (WFSMs), are receiving renewed attention for use in traction and wind energy applications. However, WFSMs require a current delivery mechanism to the rotor such as mechanical slip rings whose components require periodic replacement and generate adverse debris within the machine enclosure. Rotary transformers may replace slip rings but also introduce rotor speed dependences and magnetic coupling difficulties. This paper proposes a capacitive noncontact power transfer technique to eliminate the need for mechanical slip rings while also avoiding the pitfalls of rotating transformer technologies. The capacitive power transfer system is compared to traditional rotor power coupling techniques and its performance is validated with experimental results.
One- and Two-Dimensional Processing in Line Scanning Systems

The performance of line scanning systems is analyzed in this paper. The results apply to systems such as infrared scanners, TV systems, and radar systems. The main objective of the analysis is to compare the performance obtainable when optimum two-dimensional processing of the data is used and the performance obtainable when only one-dimensional (along the lines) processing is used. Optimization under the constraint that only processing along the lines is available is a new and interesting problem in optimum filter theory, and the results are of practical importance since in most systems this constraint is imposed. Since it is possible to modify the systems to accommodate arbitrary two-dimensional processing at the expense of some system complexity, it is important to determine the corresponding performance improvement. The emphasis is on the general theory, and many special cases deserve quantitative treatment. In this paper quantitative comparisons are made for two cases; specifically, top hat and cone-shaped frequency responses of the aperture are considered. These characteristics occur in coherent and incoherent scanners in which the “resolution” is limited by the optical aperture of the scanner. Three performance criteria are used: least-squares error, maximum-peak signal to rms noise ratio, and minimum system resolution. Table I shows the improvement of arbitrary two-dimensional filtering over one-dimensional filtering along the lines.
A Matrix for Counting Paths in Acyclic Digraphs

We define a matrixAassociated with an acyclic digraph?, such that the coefficient ofzjin det(I+zA) is the number ofj-vertex paths in 1. This result is actually a special case of a more general weighted version.
Convenient Synthesis of 3-(γ-Aminopropyl)-5-ethoxyindole

3-(γ-Aminopropyl)-5-ethoxyindole has been synthesized from p -phenetidine and α-methylacetoacetate. This method involves fewer intermediates, with new and better methods for their purification.
Ethical Ambivalence and Organizational Reward Systems

Ethical ambivalence is a form of sociological ambivalence in which (a) the behaviors, attitudes, and norms that are shaped and maintained by the organizational reward system conflict with (b) the behaviors, attitudes, and norms congruent with the ethical values and judgments of organizational stakeholders. For example, though stakeholders require honest, open reporting, stonewalling and falsification of data may be rewarded. Examples of norms and counternorms are developed, and action strategies for researchers and managers are recommended.
Modeling of Diffusion and Activation of Low Energy Arsenic Implants in Silicon

In summary, we find it is possible to model the extent of arsenic diffusion during front-end and back-end processes that define the final junction depth. The key features of the model can be summarised as: (a) Interstitials from implant damage play a diminished role as implant energies are scaled; (b) As 4 V formation and precipitation at high concentrations is critical to accurate modeling of ultra-shallow arsenic junctions. These models when used with device simulations help optimize transistor performance/tradeoffs. We would like to thank Pavel Fastenko and Scott T. Dunham (University of Washington) for details and discussion regarding their modeling results.
Paraneoplastic conjunctival cicatrization: two different pathogenic types.

Purpose To describe the clinical and immunopathologic features of patients with 2 different types of paraneoplastic conjunctival cicatrization. Design Retrospective observational case analyses with a review of the literature. Participants One patient with paraneoplastic ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (POCP) and 1 patient with paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) with ocular involvement. Methods Critical review of clinical history, diagnostic studies, and immunopathologic results of biopsies in the 2 cases, together with a review of the literature. Main Outcome Measures Ability to recognize paraneoplastic conjunctival cicatrization and to diagnose the conditions accurately. Results The first patient, 46 years of age, presented with conjunctival scarring and symblephara, cough, oral lesions, and chest rash. Concurrently, a diagnosis of pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma was made. Conjunctival biopsy revealed a subepithelial bulla, an inflammatory infiltrate of T and B lymphocytes, and basement membrane zone deposition of immunoglobulin (Ig)-G and C3 consistent with POCP. The second patient, 54 years of age, had a recently diagnosed B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, followed 1 month later with ocular irritation and bilateral extensive symblephara. Extensive oral lesions and skin involvement of the lower half of the body were seen. Skin biopsy disclosed subepidermal bullae and mostly T cells with virtually no B cells in the dermal infiltrate (the patient was being treated with rituximab). Linear subepithelial deposition of IgG and C3 and deposition within the epidermis were consistent with PNP. Further indirect immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation studies with the patient's serum-derived antibodies established PNP as the definitive diagnosis. Conclusions Underlying malignancy is an important consideration in younger patients with puzzling bilateral cicatrizing conjunctivitis, and a paraneoplastic condition can be established from either a conjunctival or a skin biopsy. Financial Disclosure(s) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
SOME COMMENTS ON URBAN PLANNING AND THE GEOGRAPHER

(1965). SOME COMMENTS ON URBAN PLANNING AND THE GEOGRAPHER. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 4-6.
Analysis and design of core-shell upconverting nanostructures

Core-shell upconverting nanostructures (CSUNs) improve upconversion efficiency by blocking midgap recombination. Consecutive 3-level systems absorb strongly but preserve long carrier lifetime in their final states. Germanium has a nearly-direct bandgap ideal for a CSUN core: strong optical absorption yet slow recombination. Electrons in the indirect conduction band valley absorb a second photon to escape the shell and reach the host, unable to return. Our model indicates that free carrier absorption (FCA) from L to continuum is the limiting step. Surface plasmon resonances (SPR) in Ge-AlGaAs may selectively enhance this absorption. CSUNs would help preserve current matching at dawn and dusk.
Neoliberal Knowledge: The Decline of Technocracy and the Weakening of the Montreal Protocol*

Objective. The turn to participatory, stakeholder modes of governance has been accompanied by the legitimization of a new “particularist knowledge regime” emphasizing the knowledge claims made by private interests and local voices. It has also tended to de-legitimize the ways of knowing that had characterized central state governance, namely, state expertise based on general welfare analytics such as cost-benefit analysis. This turn away from state expertise, what we call the “anti-technocratic consensus,” while stemming from democratic motivations, may actually make environmental governance less democratic. Method. We examine the problems that arise from the abandonment of general welfare economic analytics and technical expertise—the anti-technocratic consensus—through a specific case study: the recent handling of “critical use exemptions” to the ban on methyl bromide under the Montreal Protocol, a treaty that mandates the elimination of methyl bromide in order to protect the ozone layer. We show that decisionmakers specifically rejected general welfare analytics as a basis of regulatory action in favor of a particularist form of analytics based on measuring market disruption. Results. This case illustrate how the de-legitimization of technical expertise can weaken the effectiveness of an environmental agreement in meeting its regulatory mandate. Critics have often criticized technical expertise as supporting the economic status quo. However, in the case of methyl bromide and the Montreal Protocol, technical experts using general welfare analytics represented a challenge to U.S. regulatory officials who supported industrial interests and their request for significant exemptions to the ban. Conclusion. The legitimization of a particularist knowledge regime opens up policy making to domination by private interests playing the stakeholder game. Stakeholder input and particularist knowledges are important to democratic decision making. However, technical expertise, despite all its weaknesses, is a form of knowledge that remains necessary to the protection of the environment and public health.
Compositional instance-based learning

This paper proposes a new algorithm for acquisition of preference predicates by a learning apprentice, termed Compositional Instance-Based Learning (CIBL), that permits multiple instances of a preference predicate to be composed, directly exploiting the transitivity of preference predicates. In an empirical evaluation, CIBL was consistently more accurate than a 1-NN instance-based learning strategy unable to compose instances. The relative performance of CIBL and decision tree induction was found to depend upon (1) the complexity of the preference predicate being acquired and (2) the dimensionality of the feature space.
GETTING THE MOST OUT OF IMAGE: AN EXAMPLE FROM THE FAST-FOOD INDUSTRY

Using a fast-food industry example, this study was designed to illustrate how a marketing practitioner might use a model of the brand choice process to identify a brand's optimal image, that is, an image which would be expected to maximize that brand's share. 219 upper-divisional college students expressed their beliefs about three fast-food restaurants, plus their preferred restaurant, and what constituted their ideal restaurant on 15 attributes. Also, they indicated the relative importance of each attribute. Using their image data, we then chose a brand-choice model to identify those changes in image that would be expected to maximize (and minimize) each restaurant's share of market.
DEMOGRAPHY OF THE ENDEMIC MINT DICERANDRA FRUTESCENS IN FLORIDA SCRUB

Florida scrub supports many endemic species in a pyrogenic shrubland on xeric yellow sands. One genus with multiple endemics is the mint Dicerandra, with its five narrowly endemic species most prevalent in edges and recently burned areas. Study of the demography of Dicerandra frutescens, an endemic and endangered mint restricted to Florida scrub, began in September 1988. Eleven populations have been studied at various locations across Archbold Biological Station and at one privately held site. Some populations, particularly along fire lanes, have been added during the study. Survival and recruitment data were initially collected monthly but were later collected quarterly in September, December, March, and June. Each annual census in September also recorded the life history stage for that “year” (the year including any censuses after the prior September census) and measures of size (basal diameter, number of branch tips, number of reproductive branch tips). Survival variables representing monthly, quarterly, and annual survival were also assembled. These survival variables contain information on the type of plant recruiting (seedling or new adult) or, for plants already in the data set, whether the plant survived the interval, died during the interval, was already (previously) dead, or whether survival could not be ascertained (no tag, no plant). Several populations were subjected to prescribed burns during the study. For years with burns, variables summarize whether plants (or quadrats) were burned or not. This data set consists of 5530 records, each an individual plant, from 1988 through 2004. Published analyses based on data from 1990–2000 found that finite rates of increase were greater than 1 for populations less than six years post-fire, but thereafter populations were predicted to decline. Similarly, populations in fire lanes were most successful when the time-since-disking was short. A yard-edge population showed variable demography. Stochastic simulations in Florida scrub sites suggested an optimal fire return interval of 6–12 years (regular fires) or 6–21 years (stochastic fires). Data collection on this project is continuing, and we anticipate updating data periodically.
Fats, Oils, and Their Products

As mentioned in previous chapters, fats and oils are made up of esters of glycerol and fatty acids; are susceptibile to oxidation and rancidity; have shortening, lubricating, emulsifying, and whipping properties; and have high caloric value. The terms fat and oil only indicate whether the material is liquid or solid: fats that are liquid at room temperature are called oils.
Spatial element distribution control in a fully solution-processed nanocrystals-based 8.6% Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 device.

A fully solution-processed high performance Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe, kesterite) device has been demonstrated. It is based on the rational engineering of elemental spatial distributions in the bulk and particularly near the surface of the film from nanocrystal precursors. The nanocrystals are synthesized through a modified colloidal approach, with excellent solubility over a large compositional window, followed by a selenization process to form the absorber. The X-ray photoluminescence (XPS) depth profiling indicates an undesirable Sn-rich surface of the selenized film. An excessive Zn species was quantitatively introduced through nanocrystals precursor to correct the element distribution, and accordingly a positive correlation between the spatial composition in the bulk/surface film and the resulting device parameter is established. The enhanced device performance is associated with the reduced interfacial recombination. With a Zn content 1.6 times more than the stoichiometry; the optimized device, which i...
Comparison of Methods Used in the Analysis of Rayleigh Wave Dispersion and Inversion

The existence of Rayleigh Waves mode of propagation is studied using different methods. These observation are useful in choosing the appropriate method of processing during geophysical investigation. The Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) method, Seismic Unix (suphasevel) routine and the Rayleigh Eigen-value solution used in forward algorithm to calculate theoretical dispersion curves of which the results were compared with each other. Application of these methods to 3D-2D multicomponents seismic data showed that MASW and the forward algorithm are in good agreement in the low frequency region below 10 Hz. The dispersion computation via the Seismic Unix showed a result that parallel MASW and the forward algorithm, but suphasevel routine did not compute dispersion in the low frequency region below 5 Hz.
Preparation and Purification of Some Oxidation Products of Perylene.

Reliable procedures are given for the purification of perylene, and for the preparation and purification of 3,10-perylenequinone, 1,12-perylenequinone, 2,11-dihydroxy-3,10-perylenequinone, 4,9-dihydroxy3,10-perylenequinone, 4-oxo-4H-benz[de]anthracene-7,8-dicarboxylic anhydride, phenanthrene 1,8,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and anthraquinone-l,5-dicarboxylic acid. Data on the physical properties of 3,9-perylenequinone are also reported.
Analysis of health education and effect after the earthquake disaster

Objective:Health education was the key action of disease prevention after catastrophe. This study was to find out the main purpose,methods and results of health education after the earthquake occurred in Wenchuan County,Yingxiu town of Sichuan. And provide reference for health education of disease control and prevention after natural disasters. Methods:Access to information and questionnaire survey,to find out the effect and problems of health education after the earthquake of Wenchuan County,Yingxiu town of Sichuan.The effect mainly inflected by the situation of infectious diseases and food hygiene knowledge before and after the earthquake,as well as health knowledge and health behavior formation change. Results:The situation of infectious diseases and food hygiene knowledge didn't deteriorate after the earthquake in Yingxiu town,while there was a larger growth of the health knowledge and health behavior formation after the earthquake. Conclusion:The main purpose of post-disaster health education is to prevent food-borne diseases,infectious disease outbreaks and other public health events. The main ways is to use the town-village networks,to propagate faceto-face at the early stage,and use more active forms when condition permits. Health education act to promote the formation of health behavior,which plays an important role in post-disaster disease prevention.