cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Morphology of mouse egg cylinder development in vitro: a light and electron microscopic study.

Phase contrast, light, and electron microscopy showed that mouse egg cylinder development from the blastocyst stage in vitro closely resembled the egg cylinder stages of the fourth to seventh days of gestation in vivo. Primary endoderm and ectoderm formed on day 2 of culture, and on day 3 visceral and parietal endoderm could be distinguinshed. Mesoderm formed on days 6.5-7 by delaminating from a thickened region of embryonic ectoderm. Extraembryonic ectoderm developed as single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells that appeared to originate from polar trophoblast cells. By day 8 of culture egg cylinders had an ectoplacental cavity, an exocoelom, a proamnionic cavity, a chorion, and an allantois and resembled egg cylinders in vivo after seven days' gestation. However, cultured blastocysts took longer to develop to these egg cylinder stages than embryos in vivo (8 days in vitro vs. 4 days in vivo) and were shorter (600 μm in vitro vs. 700 μm in vivo). The development of mural trophoblast, parietal endoderm, Reichert's membrane, and ectoplacental cone also differed from that of their counterparts in vivo. Nevertheless, because the egg cylinder itself, which produces the embryo proper, develops similarly in vitro as in vivo, we suggest that cultured mouse blastocysts provide an excellent model for studies on early postimplantation embryogenesis.
Benzo-15-crown-5 1∶1 and 1∶2 complexes with dithiooxamide and thioacetamide

Benzo-15-crown-5 and thiooxamide in the 1∶1 complex form infinite chains of alternating host-guest molecules. The host oxygen atoms are involved in six close interactions with amide hydrogen atoms forming one bifurcated and one single hydrogen interaction on each face. In the 1∶2 complex the host forms a distinct molecular entity with two thioacetamide molecules. Again one bifurcated and one normal hydrogen...oxygen interaction occurs on each face. The conformation of the benzo-15-crown-5 host is the same in both complexes and agrees with a conformation of the free host calculated by molecular mechanics. The conformation of crystalline benzo-15-crown-5 differs from that calculated. In either case, no major conformational reorganization is required to accommodate the intermolecular interactions. The oxygen atoms of the benzo-15-crown-5 form an approximate pentagon with the amide nitrogen atoms lying 2.18(1) A from the mean plane.
LR1 regulates c-myc transcription in B-cell lymphomas

Abstract LR1 is a 106-kDa sequence-specific DNA-binding protein first identified as a potential regulator of immunoglobulin class switch recombination in B lymphocytes. Here we report that LR1 binds to a site 310 nt upstream of the human c-myc P1 promoter. Mutation of this site decreases reporter gene expression 5.5-fold in the Burkitt lymphoma line Raji and 3.8-fold in the lymphoma line BJAB. These experiments show that LR1 can function as a transcription factor and identify it as a cell type-specific activator of c-myc expression. There are multiple matches to the LR1 recognition consensus at the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus and at c-myc, which further suggests that LR1 may play a dual role, facilitating c-myc translocation as well as regulating c-myc transcription.
Improved Mesenchymal Stem Cell Seeding on RGD‐Modified Poly(L‐lactic acid) Scaffolds using Flow Perfusion

Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) has been widely utilized to increase cell adhesion to three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering. However, cell seeding on these scaffolds has only been carried out statically, which yields low cell seeding efficiencies. We have characterized, for the first time, the seeding of rat mesenchymal stem cells on RGD-modified poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) foams using oscillatory flow perfusion. The incorporation of RGD on the PLLA foams improves scaffold cellularity in a dose-dependent manner under oscillatory flow perfusion seeding. When compared to static seeding, oscillatory flow perfusion is the most efficient seeding technique. Cell detachment studies show that cell adhesion is dependent on the applied flow rate, and that cell attachment is strengthened at higher levels of RGD modification.
Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) due to heparin flushes: a report of three cases

Three cases of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) are reported that were provoked by daily heparin flushes of central venous access devices. Each case had confounding features that delayed recognition of the problem. A review of the literature revealed only 29 previously reported cases of HIT secondary to heparin flushes. However, the true incidence of this problem is unknown. A high index of suspicion and confirmatory laboratory tests are necessary to make the diagnosis.
Foundation Investigation of a Poer Plant Switchyard Using Microgravity

A microgravity survey consisting of 347 stations was conducted in the upstream switchyard of a dam powerplant. The objective of the survey was the detection of subsurface cavities or other anomalous conditions which could threaten the integrity of the switchyard structures. six anomalous areas were identified on the gravity anomaly map and ranked for their interpreted significance. From these results nine boring locations were selected to investigate the cause of the anomalies. This paper presents details of the field survey, data processing, interpretations, and recommended drilling locations for subsurface investigation.
Protein-based sensitive, selective and rapid fluorescence detection of picric acid in aqueous media

Highly sensitive, ultra-selective and rapid detection of picric acid (PA) in aqueous media is accomplished using a protein fluorophore bovine serum albumin (BSA). This extraordinary sensing performance is ascribed to electron transfer and Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanisms as well as acid–base pairing interactions between amino groups of BSA and picrate anions of PA in aqueous solution.
The myth of multiprogramming

A common myth surrounding multiprogramming is that it it a necessary mode of operation to deal with the high levels of I/O activity found on most computers. This paper shows that the high level of I/O activity is to a great extent a direct result of multiprogramming. Monoprogramming is proposed as a method of achieving high performance which yields advantages in turnaround time, efficiency and equipment configuration.
Transforming Labor-Based Parties in Latin America: Argentine Peronism in Comparative Perspective

Why did some Latin American labor-based parties adapt successfully to the contemporary challenges of neoliberalism and working class decline while others did not? Drawing on a detailed study of the Argentine Peronism, as well as a broader comparative analysis, this book develops an organizational approach to party change. Levitsky's study breaks new ground in its focus on informal and weakly institutionalized party structures. It argues that loosely structured party organizations, such as those found in many populist labor-based parties, are often better equipped to adapt to rapid environmental change than are more bureaucratic labor-based parties. The argument is illustrated in the case of Peronism, a mass labor-based party with a highly fluid internal structure. The book shows how this weakly routinized structure allowed party reformers to undertake a set of far-reached coalitional and programmatic changes that enabled Peronism to survive, and even thrive, in the neoliberal era.
Soft Decision Design of Spectrally Partitioned CI-SMSE Waveforms for Coexistent Applications

Applicability of Spectrally Modulated, Spectrally Encoded (SMSE) waveform design has been expanded for future Cognitive Radio (CR)-based Software Defined Radio (SDR) applications. As previously demonstrated, the SMSE waveform design process can exploit statistical knowledge of PU spectral and temporal behavior to maximize SMSE system throughput (bits/second) while adhering to SMSE and Primary User (PU) spectral constraints. The capacity of SMSE systems is extended here using spectral partitioning with carrier-interferometry (CI) coding to increase SMSE waveform agility in the presence of a spectrally diverse transmission channel. By adaptively varying the modulation order and optimally allocating power within each spectral partition, inherent SMSE flexibility is more fully exploited and substantially increases system throughput while meeting Power Spectral Density (PSD) constraints. A coexistent scenario is provided in which the analytic optimization of the SMSE waveform is demonstrated while meeting spectral mask requirements. Results show that spectrally partitioned CI-SMSE waveforms have a significantly greater ability to adapt to varying spectral requirements.
Disposition of Cocaine and Its Metabolites in Human Sweat after Controlled Cocaine Administration

Background: Sweat testing is a noninvasive technique for monitoring drug exposure in treatment, criminal justice, and employment settings. Methods: We evaluated cocaine excretion in 9 participants’ sweat after they received 3 low doses (75 mg/70 kg) of cocaine HCl subcutaneously within 1 week and, 3 weeks later, 3 high doses (150 mg/70 kg). Six additional participants completed portions of the study. PharmChek® sweat patches (n = 1390) were collected throughout a 3-week washout period, reflecting previously self-administered drugs, and during and after controlled dosing. Results: Cocaine was the primary analyte detected with 24% of patches positive at the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry limit of quantification of 2.5 ng/patch and 7% of patches at the proposed Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration cutoff of 25 ng/patch. Ecgonine methyl ester (EME) was detected more often and at generally higher concentrations than benzoylecgonine. In patches containing both metabolites, there was no statistically significant difference in the benzoylecgonine/EME ratio based on length of patch wear. During washout, 2 participants’ weekly patches tested positive (≥25 ng/patch) during the first week; one remained positive during week 2; and none were positive during week 3. Cocaine and EME were detectable within 2 h; benzoylecgonine was not detected until 4–8 h after low doses and slightly sooner after high doses. The majority of drug was excreted within 24 h. Over 70% of weekly patches worn during low doses were positive for cocaine (≥25 ng/patch), increasing to 100% during high doses. Conclusion: Sweat testing is an effective and reliable method of monitoring cocaine exposure.
Models for Analyzing Cognitive Radio Interference to Wireless Microphones in TV Bands

TV bands are candidates for unlicensed spectrum access based on cognitive radio (CR) devices. However, for a successful dynamic spectrum access regime in TV bands, any new unlicensed devices need to ensure that they do not interfere with the incumbent devices such as TV receivers and wireless micro phones in these bands. This paper presents models for carrying out interference analysis of CR devices to wireless microphones. The wireless microphone systems are more susceptible to interference by CR devices compared to TV receivers due to their lower power and use of randomly selected idle TV bands at a given location. We present two models for interference, a single interferer model that determines the unlicensed device characteristics needed to protect a wireless microphone system from interference, and a multiple interferers model that provides a measure of the maximum density of unlicensed devices that can operate in a given region without affecting wireless microphone systems. We further analyze the benefits of cooperative sensing among CR devices using the multiple interferers model. Lastly, we provide recommendations for reducing interference based on the two interference models.
An examination of the role of plasma treatment for lean NOx reduction over sodium zeolite Y and gamma alumina: Part 1. Plasma assisted NOx reduction over NaY and Al2O3

Abstract The role of plasma processing on NOx reduction over γ-alumina and a basic zeolite, NaY was examined. During the plasma treatment NO is oxidized to NO2 and propylene is partially oxidized to CO, CO2, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde. With plasma treatment, NO as the NOx gas, and a NaY catalyst, the maximum NOx conversion was 70% between 180 and 230 °C. The activity decreased at higher and lower temperatures. As high as 80% NOx removal over gamma alumina was measured by a chemiluminescent NOx meter with plasma treatment and NO as the NOx gas. For both catalysts a simultaneous decrease in NOx and aldehydes concentrations was observed, which suggests that aldehyde may be important components for NOx reduction in plasma-treated exhaust.
On the LBI criterion for the multivariate one-way random effects model under non-normality

The asymptotic null distribution of the locally best invariant (LBI) test criterion for testing the random effect in the one-way multivariable analysis of variance model is derived under normality and non-normality. The error of the approximation is characterized as O(1/n). The non-null asymptotic distribution is also discussed. In addition to providing a way of obtaining percentage points and p-values, the results of this paper are useful in assessing the robustness of the LBI criterion. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the accuracy of the approximation.
Reimagining And Enacting Possibilities For Social Justice In The Academy

This article explores the myriad ways in which it is possible to imagine knowing and doing social justice in higher education contexts. In addition, the article explores the relationship between social justice and reader’s theater as a particular method for presenting autoethnographic data. In order to further understandings of knowing and doing social justice, the authors see a need for not only interdisciplinary collaboration between scholars and practitioners, but also the creation of texts that can be inclusive of multiple voices, modes, and genres. We seek to understand how ways of knowing and doing social justice can be made possible in multimodal and polyvocal texts. This article seeks to engage the imaginative, creative, and playful minds of its readers with a discussion of how these aspects of human experience are critical to the creation of socially just praxis in the academy. Finally, we ask our readers to consider the extent to which social justice work in higher education is hindered by the conventions of field-specific academic writing and argumentation styles. In an effort to highlight the interdisciplinary nature of social justice, this article uses theatrical and literary frameworks to draw attention to the artificial boundaries among art, philosophy, and social science texts.
Correcting for background nitrate contamination in KCl‐extracted samples during isotopic analysis of oxygen and nitrogen by the denitrifier method

Author(s): Bell, Michael D; Sickman, James O | Abstract: RationalePrevious research has shown that the denitrifying bacteria Pseudomonas chlororaphis ssp. aureofaciens (P. aureofaciens) can be used to measure the δ(15)N and δ(18)O values of extracted soil nitrate (NO3(-)) by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. We discovered that N2O production from reference blanks made in 1 M KCl increased relative to blanks made of deionized water (DIW). Further investigation showed that isotopic standards made in KCl yielded δ(15)N and δ(18)O values different from the standards prepared in DIW.MethodsThree grades of crystalline KCl were dissolved in DIW to create solutions of increasing molarity (0.1 M to 2 M), which were added to P. aureofaciens broth and measured as blanks. Reference standards USGS-32, USGS-34, and USGS-35 were then dissolved in a range of KCl concentrations to measure isotopic responses to changing KCl molarity. Reference blanks and standards created in DIW were analyzed as controls to measure the impact of KCl on the δ(15)N and δ(18)O values.ResultsThe amount of N2O in the KCl blanks increased linearly with increasing molarity, but at different rates for each KCl grade. The isotopic values of the reference standards measured in KCl were systematically different from those measured in DIW, suggesting contamination by background NO3(-) in the KCl reagents. However, we also noted reduced conversion of NO3(-) into N2O as the KCl molarity increased, suggesting there is a physiological response of P. aureofaciens to KCl.ConclusionsThere is a small amount of NO3(-) present in crystalline KCl, which can bias isotopic measurement of NO3(-) at low sample concentrations. This can be minimized by making standards and blanks in the same KCl as is used in samples, diluting all samples and standards to the appropriate NO3(-) concentration using matched KCl solutions, and adding samples and standards to the broth at a constant volume to standardize the KCl molarity in the reaction vial.
Gigabit I/O for Distributed-Memory Machines: Architecture and Applications

Distributed-memory systems have traditionally had great difficulty performing network I/O at rates proportional to their computational power. The problem is that the network interface has to support network I/O for a supercomputer, using computational and memory bandwidth resources similar to those of a workstation. As a result, the network interface becomes a bottleneck. We implemented an architecture for network I/O for the iWarp system with the following two key characteristics: first, application-specific tasks are off-loaded from the network interface to the distributed-memory system, and second, these tasks are performed in close cooperation with the application. The network interface has been used by several applications for over a year. In this paper we describe the network interface software that manages the communication between the iWarp distributed-memory system and the network interface, we validate the main features of our network interface architecture based on application experience, and we discuss how this architecture can be used by other distributed-memory systems.
Characterization and Quantification of Charge and Heat Transfer in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode

The development of a more efficient and power dense solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) requires better treatment of irreversibilities that exist in present SOFC designs. Loss due to material resistance, or Joule heating, is one such loss that substantially hinders present SOFC designs. This work examines two dimensional (2D) continuum electronic charge and heat transfer models of the SOFC to examine how Joule heating can be characterized and quantified in terms of the common and easily measured microstructure properties of tortuosity, Ni mean free path, and Ni contiguity. By modeling these processes at the pore scale, presently lacking in the literature, this work uses a direct approach to develop a working understanding of how to quantify the SOFC microstructure geometric features with respect to ohmic performance. It has been found that while the pore tortuosity has little correlation to ohmic performance, the Ni mean free path and contiguity were found to be excellent measures of a 2D anode microstructure’s ohmic performance.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
A Psychometric Evaluation of Two Achievement Goal Inventories

The properties of the achievement goal inventories developed by Grant and Dweck (2003) and Elliot and McGregor (2001) were evaluated in two studies with a total of 780 participants. A four-factor specification for the Grant and Dweck inventory did not closely replicate results published in their original report. In contrast, the structure of the Elliot and McGregor inventory was more or less replicable. In addition, the associations between the scales on both inventories were examined, and both inventories have scales that tap approach-related forms of performance and learning goals. However, a notable advantage of the shorter Elliot and McGregor inventory is that it also includes measures of the avoidance forms of these goals. In sum, the author concluded that the Elliot and McGregor inventory was a superior measure of achievement goal constructs on the basis of practical, psychometric, and theoretical considerations.
P4A-2 An In-Vivo Study of Frame Rate Optimization for Myocardial Elastography

In this paper, the requirement and optimization of the frame rate for myocardial elastography was investigated in normal mice and humans in vivo. Using a retrospective electrocardiogram (ECG) gating technique, the highest frame rate was 8 kHz and 481 Hz, respectively. Axial displacement and strain of myocardium were estimated using an RF speckle tracking method consisting of a 1-D kernel in a 2-D search. The frame rate was then decimated to study its effects on the image quality of myocardial elastography, in terms of elastographic signal-to-noise (SNRe) and correlation coefficient. Trade-offs between SNRe and effective frame rate were identified in the murine case. The optimum range of frame rate was found to be between 2000 and 2700 Hz, or equivalently, 250-350 frames per cardiac cycle (fpc). In the human case, the image quality increased monotonously with the frame rate. A frame rate higher than 480 Hz (i.e., 350 fpc) was thus required for both systole and diastole.
Adaptive control of the spatial position of white light filaments in an aqueous solution

We demonstrate control over the spatial coordinates (position and extent) of white light filaments (supercontinuum generation) in an aqueous solution. These are the first experiments to achieve control of filament position through the manipulation of the spectral phase of an ultra-fast (50 fs) 800 nm excitation laser pulse. A closed feedback loop employing a spatial light modulator and a genetic algorithm was used to manipulate the spectral phase of the pulses to achieve a specified filament position and length.
PGEToolbox: A Matlab Toolbox for Population Genetics and Evolution

Assessing genetic diversity within populations is vital for understanding the nature of evolutionary processes at the molecular level. PGEToolbox is a Matlab-based open-sourced software package for data analysis in population genetics. The main features of this software are as follows: 1) capability for handling both DNA sequence polymorphisms and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which include genotype and haplotype data; 2) exhaustive population genetic analyses and neutrality tests based on the coalescent theory; 3) extendibility and scalability for complex and large genome-wide datasets; 4) simple yet effective graphic user interfaces and sophisticated visualization of data and results. For academic uses, PGEToolbox is available free of charge at http://bioinformatics.org/pgetoolbox.
Endoscopic endonasal approaches to infratemporal fossa tumors: A classification system and case series

Objectives/Hypothesis To propose a clinically applicable anatomic classification system describing three progressive endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEAs) to the infratemporal fossa (ITF) and their potential sequelae. Overall feasibility and outcomes of these approaches are presented through a consecutive case series. Study Design Description of classification system for EEAs to the ITF and case series. Methods A classification system of EEAs to ITF tumors was created based on the senior author's clinical experience and cadaveric dissection. A retrospective chart review of 21 child and adult patients with primary ITF tumors treated by these approaches from 2008 to 2012 at a tertiary-care academic medical center was conducted. Results Three progressive EEAs to ITF tumors were defined: 1) a transpterygopalatine fossa approach, 2) a transmedial pterygoid plate approach, and 3) a translateral pterygoid plate approach. Twenty-one patients treated with these approaches were identified consecutively, with a mean age of 44.2 years (range, 11–79 years). Tumors primarily involving the pterygopalatine fossa and not the ITF were excluded. Pathology included three advanced juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas, three adenoid cystic carcinomas, two recurrent inverted papillomas, two trigeminal schwannomas, and 11 other diverse skull base pathologies. No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred, with a mean follow-up of 21.5 months (range, 1–55 months). Expected potential sequelae such as V2/palatal numbness, Eustachian tube dysfunction, and trismus occurred in 10/21 patients. Conclusions EEAs to ITF tumors are technically feasible with low risk of complications for well-selected patients. The proposed classification system is useful for anticipating potential sequelae for each approach. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 124:2443–2450, 2014
View-invariant analysis of periodic motion

Periodicity has been recognized as an important cue for tasks like activity recognition and gait analysis. However, most existing techniques analyze periodic motions only in image coordinates, making them very dependent on the viewing angle. In this paper we propose a new technique for reconstructing periodic point trajectories in 3D given only their apparent trajectories in image coordinates from a single stationary camera. We show that this reconstruction is possible without performing a costly gradient descent-type optimization, and is based only on a single SVD. This new algorithm is shown to accurately reconstruct natural human motions, allowing them to be compared in 3D world coordinates, independent of the angle from which they were originally viewed.
Estimation of Surface Diffusion Length from AFM Images of Faceted GaAs(111) Homoepitaxial Films

GaAs films grown on exact ( 1 1 1 ) substrates in the reconstruction regime always show facets. We have studied the surfaces of these films with an atomic force microscope. The facets are composed of vicinal surfaces which are tilted by small angles (∼ 2°) from the exact ( 1 1 1 ) plane. From the geometry of the facet, average displacement of adatoms is calculated. The results indicate that the diffusion length under the growth condition is more than 0.2 μm.
Practical, Lightweight Secure Inclusion of Third-Party Intellectual Property

The security of computing systems relies on trust in hardware. This trust can no longer be assumed due to vulnerabilities in hardware designs. Security methodologies have been proposed for mitigating these threats, offering a variety of security guarantees and wide variance in terms of design-time and runtime costs. From an engineering standpoint it is not clear which of the plethora of solutions should be applied or how they should be implemented. We develop an engineering process for the practical and lightweight inclusion of untrusted third-party hardware design components. We find that by combining previously proposed techniques, we are able to build a microcontroller that uses each design module as if it were untrusted third-party intellectual property. Our experience supports the surprising claim that implementing a chip with untrusted components is not significantly more difficult than implementing a regular one.
Quality Measurement in the Wood Products Supply Chain

In this article we report the first in-depth investigation of quality measurement practices from a supply chain perspective. Quality measurement in a wood products supply chain was studied in great detail with the objective of increasing the understanding of quality performance measurement practices in a secondary wood products supply chain. Opportunities for improvement were also identified. A single-case study was used as the main research approach, with 30 interviews and observation as major data collection methods. Findings revealed a high degree of internal integration in the focal company, made possible in great part by a continuous improvement effort that expands all of its facilities. Opportunities for improvement were found in external integration, particularly regarding supplier quality management. A disconnect was identified between supply chain members in regard to quality information; particularly, there was a lack of true supply chain quality measures reflecting the contribution of each enti...
Attitudes and motivations regarding willingness to participate in dental clinical trials.

Abstract Background This study examined attitudes about research, knowledge of the research process, reasons for and satisfaction with participation in a dental clinical trial as a function of demographic characteristics. Materials and methods 180 adults were invited to complete a 47-item survey at the completion of a 10-week dental product study at a Midwestern academic dental center. Seven demographic items included gender, race/ethnicity, age, education, household income, location of usual dental care, and dental insurance. Forty items assessed: attitudes about research; knowledge of the research process; perception of the study team; perceived risks/benefits; health perceptions; and general satisfaction with the study. Results 176 participants completed the questionnaire for a 98% response rate. African Americans were more likely to attribute Fate/God as more important to their health and their willingness to participate in research than whites, and more likely to report non-supportive social norms when compared to whites and other groups. Individuals in the 45–59 age group were less likely to attribute financial reimbursement as a motivator for their participation in research compared to all other age groups. Individuals with less education rated Fate/God attitudes as important to their research participation, reported lower autonomy for participation, and reported less supportive social norms compared to those with some college education. Participants in the four income categories showed significant differences in reasons for participation and desire for free care. Conclusion Motivations for participation of a Midwestern population of research subjects are dependent on age, ethnicity, belief in Fate/God, education, social norms and income.
Cavity Enhanced Thomson Scattering for Diagnostics of Weakly Ionized Discharges

We report on the development of a cavity enhanced Thomson scattering (CETS) diagnostic to measure electron density and temperature in weakly ionized discharges. The method uses an intra-cavity beam with average power several orders of magnitude greater than that of illumination sources typically used for Thomson scattering. The increase in illumination source power should result in stronger Thomson signals thereby allowing for highly sensitive measurements with detection limits more than an order of magnitude better than the state of the art. Here, we recap modeling results supporting the viability of the approach and then focus on recent experimental progress towards the CETS diagnostic. We present characterizations of the frequency drift of the optical cavity, and demonstration of cavity frequency locking. The detection system, including triple-pass monochromator and photomultiplier tube, are also discussed. These steps provide a foundation for our continued work to develop the technique for application to weakly ionized discharges.
Two-dimensional coupling issues of hybrid DSMC/Navier-Stokes solvers

A hybrid coupled Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) / Navier-Stokes solver is developed to simulate flowfields comprised of regions of both rarefaction and continuum. The most important goal of this work is to describe possible coupling techniques and the number of pitfalls that can arise in their implementation. Moreover, the fundamental issue of the handling of scatter in the DSMC method is addressed. This is accomplished by employing an appropriate smoothing technique and investigating results of improper smoothing. Both the Marshak condition and the property interpolation technique employed in previous 1-D calculations are investigated as possible coupling mechanisms. Comparisons are made using a coupled hybrid technique, along with decoupled hybrid results, to experimental measurements of surface heat transfer rates for a blunted cone configuration with sting in a near continuum flow regime. It is shown that, for such flows, coupled approaches do not merit their cost and decoupled approaches are appropriate. Furthermore, it is found that local Knudsen number considerations by themselves for the placement of demarcation lines between continuum and rarefied regions may not lead to efficient, robust coupling schemes. Consideration should also be given to the magnitude of the fluxes along demarcation lines to avoid difficulties with the relative magnitude of the DSMC scatter. National Research Council Associate. Member AJAA. E-mail: dhash@mail.arc.nasa.gov "Professor. Associate Fellow AIAA. Copyright © 1997 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved. Nomenclature c particle velocity er rotational energy per mass ev vibrational energy per mass E total energy flux Er rotational energy flux Ev vibrational energy flux h° heat of formation N number flux Pn normal momentum flux Pt tangential momentum flux Y mass fraction P reciprocal of the most probable thermal speed at equilibrium p density subscripts: 1 direction normal to interface 2 direction tangential to interface D DSMC NS Navier-Stokes s species value superscripts: ' thermal component average value
Patterns of N-CAM expression during myogenesis in Xenopus laevis

The neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) is seen in the membrane of nerves and muscles from several vertebrate species. Using indirect immunofluorescence, we have examined the expression of this protein during embryonic and postembryonic myogenesis in the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. While good staining for N-CAM was seen in neuronal tissues at all stages examined, no staining of embryonic muscle was observed, including both mononucleated and polynucleated myoblasts. In contrast, limb muscles formed at metamorphosis showed strong expression of N-CAM. The developing limb muscles eventually lose their N-CAM, but will reexpress it dramatically when denervated. These observations suggest that myogenesis programs executed at different stages of development can display distinct patterns of N-CAM expression.
The immunogenetics of Sjögren's syndrome.

SUMMARY The fact that patients with SS, either primary or associated with another connective tissue disease, show a striking tendency toward familial aggregation of SS, other autoimmune disease and autoantibodies suggest a role for genetic factors in the pathogenesis of this disease. What these factors are is as yet not known; however, it is clear that autoantibodies found in high frequency in SS, specifically anti-Ro and anti-La, are associated with HLA class II alleles, found at the HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 loci, which have in common the presence of specific amino acid residues that are found in the second hypervariable region of the first (outermost) domain. Additional roles for T-lymphocyte receptor and immunoglobulin genes are also suggested. Family studies, however, indicate the presence of an additional autosomal dominant gene(s), not linked to HLA or immunoglobulin heavy or light chain genes, in predisposition to SS. Identification of this additional genetic factor(s) should provide important clues in the pathogenesis of SS.
11 – Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis

This chapter discusses the vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Formation of the vascular system is recognized as one of the most important events in development and has been a subject of intensive investigations. This chapter discusses many of the key principles of vascular development with a primary emphasis on the studies accomplished by the use of contemporary mouse genetics and embryological tools. Modem analyses of vascular development date back to the beginning of the 20th century; the primary focus was to provide morphological description of the process. Two sequential key morphogenic processes underlie vascular development: vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Clusters of mesoderm-derived angioblastic cells differentiate to blood and endothelial cells, to form a structure referred to as a blood island within which clusters of blood cells are surrounded by a single layer of endothelial cells, which subsequently coalesce to form a number of initial vascular channels called the primary capillary plexus. This process, the formation of the primary capillary plexus, is referred to as vasculogenesis. The term angiogenesis is used to cover the entire vessel or the capillary plexus formation process following vasculogenesis including pruning, remodeling, and maturation. Recently, significant advancement in understanding of molecular mechanisms for these processes, as well as the emergence of new concepts, has been revolutionizing the field. Application of many mouse genetic tools plays a pivotal role in this recent revolution of the field.
Gender Mobilization and Gender Panic: Soviet and Iranian Revolutionary Memoirs and the Exile’s Imagination

In October 1917 the Bolsheviks electrified the world by seizing and abolishing private property in the Soviet Union, the crowning achievement of the bourgeois revolution that had started a few centuries earlier in Europe and was slowly spreading to other parts of the world. Not content with their supreme act of iconoclasm, the Bolsheviks also declared war on the bourgeois family: on the property-owning patriarch and his worthy counterpart, his docile, monogamous and essentially housebound and house-proud wife, the undisputed mother of his children. Bolsheviks defiantly pronounced marriage, the hitherto rock-solid and monogamous union that had been sanctified by centuries of legal, religious, political and social accretions, to be a voluntary state of affairs that a man and woman could enter and leave of their own volition. In the new Soviet Union a marriage was dissolved when either partner desired put an end to their union. A postcard mailed to the marriage bureau was sufficient to mark the end of a relationship.1
Analysis of in-route wireless charging for the shuttle system at Zion National Park

System right-sizing is critical to implementation of wireless power transfer (WPT) for electric vehicles. This study will analyze potential WPT scenarios for the electrification of shuttle buses at Zion National Park utilizing a modelling tool developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory called WPTSim. This tool uses second-by-second speed, location, and road grade data from the conventional shuttles in operation to simulate the incorporation of WPT at fine granularity. Vehicle power and state of charge are simulated over the drive cycle to evaluate potential system designs. The required battery capacity is determined based on the rated power at a variable number of charging locations. The outcome of this work is an analysis of the design tradeoffs for the electrification of the shuttle fleet with wireless charging versus conventional overnight charging.
Abstract 2917: Caspase-8 expression is predictive of tumor response to death receptor 5 agonist antibody conatumumab in Ewing's sarcoma

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Despite good initial response to cytotoxic chemotherapy, approximately 30% of Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) patients who present with localized tumors develop recurrent disease, which is associated with poor prognosis. Addressing this clinical challenge requires the development of targeted therapies. This study shows that many EWS cell lines are selectively sensitive to a death receptor DR5 antibody and are more resistant to a DR4 antibody. Preclinical evaluation of these cell lines indicates their sensitivity to human DR5 agonist antibody conatumumab in vitro, which induces rapid activation of caspase-8 and apoptosis. Further analysis reveals the correlation of sensitivity to conatumumab with the expression of caspase-8, with its catalytic activity both necessary and sufficient to confer such sensitivity. In vivo, conatumumab has active against both EWS cell lines and a patient-derived xenograft with higher caspase-8 expression, but is not effective against another patient-derived xenograft with lower caspase-8 expression. These studies suggest the potential of conatumumab as a therapeutic agent against EWS and caspase-8 as a biomarker for correlative studies. Citation Format: Zhigang Kang, D Seth Goldstein, Yunkai Yu, Paul S. Meltzer, David M. Loeb, Liang Cao. Caspase-8 expression is predictive of tumor response to death receptor 5 agonist antibody conatumumab in Ewing's sarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2917. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2917
A Guide to Addressing Multiple Priorities in Core Content Instruction for Students With Severe Disabilities

Instruction in academic core content provides students with moderate to severe disabilities a full educational opportunity that promotes current and future options in the community and can complement acquisition of daily living skills. However, high school teachers face many challenges in balancing instructional priorities given the mission to ensure all students are college and career ready. This article describes methods for designing instruction that is relevant, meaningful, and addresses multiple priorities during academic core content instruction for high school students with moderate to severe disabilities.
Rare ER protein misfolding-mistrafficking disorders: Therapeutic developments.

Abstract The presence of a functional protein at the appropriate location in the cell is the result of the processes of transcription, translation, folding and trafficking to the correct destination. There are numerous diseases that are caused by protein misfolding, mainly due to mutations in the respective gene. The consequences of this misfolding may be that proteins effectively lose their function, either by being removed by the cellular quality control machinery or by accumulating at the incorrect intracellular or extracellular location. A number of mutations that lead to protein misfolding and affect trafficking to the final destination, e.g. Cystic fibrosis, Wilson’s disease, and Progressive Familial Intrahepatic 1 cholestasis, result in proteins that retain partial function if their folding and trafficking is restored either by molecular or pharmacological means. In this review, we discuss several mutant proteins within this class of misfolding diseases and provide an update on the status of molecular and therapeutic developments and potential therapeutic strategies being developed to counter these diseases.
Sticking points: common‐agency problems and contracting in the US healthcare system

We propose a "common-agency" model for explaining inefficient contracting in the U.S. healthcare system. In our setting, common-agency problems arise when multiple payers seek to motivate a shared provider to invest in improved care coordination. Our approach differs from other common-agency models in that we analyze "sticking points," that is, equilibria in which payers coordinate around Pareto-dominated contracts that do not offer providers incentives to implement efficient investments. These sticking points offer a straightforward explanation for three long observed but hard to explain features of the U.S. healthcare system: the ubiquity of fee-for-service contracting arrangements outside of Medicare; problematic care coordination; and the historic reliance on small, single specialty practices rather than larger multi-specialty group practices to deliver care. The common-agency model also provides insights on the effects of policies, such as Accountable Care Organizations, that aim to promote more efficient forms of contracting between payers and providers.
Tremichnus; a new ichnogenus of circular-parabolic pits in fossil echinoderms

The new ichnogenus Tremichnus is proposed to include simple circular-parabolic pits, with or without associated stereom swellings, on fossil echinoderms, primarily crinoids. Tremichnus is a common trace fossil that is largely confined to columns and calyces of Paleozoic crinoids; the ichnogenus ranges at least from Middle Ordovician to Permian, and perhaps into the Mesozoic. Four new ichnospecies are also defined: T. paraboloides, the type species, comprising deep circularparabolic pits, 0.15-3.5 mm, without associated gall-like swellings; T. cysticus, similar, though smaller pits surrounded by cystose masses of stereomatic secretion; T. minutus, uniformly small, non-overlapping pits commonly surrounded by raised rims; and T. puteolus, very large, shallow pits generally with a concentric inner ring-like groove. A similarly large pit, T. sp. aff. T. puteolus occurs on diploporitan cystoids. Review of mode of occurrence of these pits suggests that Tremichnus was the work of a sessile, host-selective epibiont, probably a parasite or a commensalistic filter feeder. The pits were apparently produced by a combination of embedment (i.e., inhibition of stereom growth) and some true boring (i.e., removal of stereom).
The lost picture show

When the renowned cinematogr apher Emmanuel Lubezki began planning to shoot the wilderness drama The Revenant, he decided that to capture the stark, frozen beauty of a Canadian winter, he would use no artificial light, instead relying on sunlight, moonlight, and fire. He also planned to use traditional film cameras for most of the shooting, reserving digital cameras for low-light scenes. He quickly realized, though, that film "didn't have the sensitivity to capture the scenes we were trying to shoot, especially the things we shot at dawn and dusk," as he told an interviewer.
GERIATRIC HEALTH SCREENING: AN INTERPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION OPPORTUNITY

AbstractThe Institute of Medicine, among other organizations, has established interprofessional education (IPE) as a goal for all health professions. Most academic accrediting agencies are now requiring activity in this area. Programs located in largely rural areas without an academic medical center may have more difficulty in achieving IPE for their students.The Montana Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program at the University of Montana provides interdisciplinary student training through geriatric health screening. Pharmacy, nursing, medicine, physical therapy, social work, and speech pathology students from four Montana academic institutions participate. In a typical year, approximately 65 pharmacy students, 40 physical therapy students, 20 nursing students, 30 social work students, and varying numbers of students from other disciplines are involved in over 50 screening events held throughout the state.Under faculty supervision, teams of students provide screenings for older individuals in rural communities, including counseling on the results and follow up of abnormal values. Screenings for lipids, hemoglobin A1c, bone density, blood pressure, hepatitis C, balance testing and fall risk assessment, caregiver stress, cognition and depression are provided. Barriers to participation include varying formats and schedules for clinical training, requirements for appropriate supervision of students and identification of community referral resources. Approaches utilized by pharmacy, two different nursing programs, physical therapy, social work, speech pathology, and medicine will be described and compared. Evaluation results from surveys of faculty and students will be included.