cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Amplitude space-time adaptive processing for ground-moving target indication laser radar

For a ground-moving target indication (GMTI) radar, the minimum detectable velocity (MDV) is typically determined by the width of the Doppler response of the illuminated ground clutter. Given an array of receiving antennas, space–time adaptive processing (STAP) exploits spatial diversity to coherently cancel clutter returns and significantly improve the MDV. In ladar applications, an array of photo-detectors is frequently required to cover the desired field-of-view. For GMTI laser radar, the spatial diversity provided by this detector array may be exploited for clutter rejection. An algorithm for amplitude STAP processing of GMTI laser radar data is developed.
Anomalous vapour pressure over liquid D-T

Abstract The presence of a few tenths mol % helium in hydrogen causes anomalous vapour pressures as high as 10 kPa. This effect is caused by the combination of a small cold cell, a single, long fill tube, and the insolubility of helium in liquid hydrogen. This effect is important in the handling of deuterium-tritium, as radioactive decay produces He 3 .
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin as an antiproliferative agent in human breast cancer cells: Effects on insulin-induced cell proliferation

Abstract 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD) elicits a broad spectrum of antiestrogenic responses in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Treatment of the cells with insulin (0.001 – 10.0 μg/ml) caused a significant concentration-dependent increase in cell proliferation at concentrations of 0.01 – 10.0 μg/ml with a maximum response observed at 1.0 μg/ml. Treatment of the cells with TCDD (0.01 to 10 nM) caused some decrease in cell growth at the high concentrations. Cotreatment of the cells with insulin plus TCDD at several different concentrations showed that TCDD at a concentration as low as 0.1 nM inhibited insulin-induced cell proliferation. In a parallel study, insulin also caused a concentration-dependent increase in [ 3 H]thymidine uptake into cellular DNA at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 μg/ml and TCDD (0.1 nM) significantly inhibited this response at all 3 concentrations of insulin. These results illustrate the interaction between TCDD and insulin in MCF-7 cells and further extend the antimitogenic activity of TCDD in human breast cancer cell lines.
Power spectral analysis of networked control systems with data dropouts

This note derives a closed-form expression for a control system's output power spectral density (PSD) as a function of the data dropout probability. We use the PSD to determine a dropout compensator that minimizes the regulator's output power. We show, by example, that the optimal dropout compensator does not always correspond to a filter that minimizes the mean square error between the predicted and dropped feedback measurement.
Innovations in adolescent health: new approaches to sexual minority youth research.

In this issue, we focus on adolescent health, highlighting innovative approaches and methods prevention scientists are using to understand this critical time of development where health habits and behaviors are established. This compilation of articles represents how research designs (e.g., qualitative, quantitative, and methodological) are making substantial contributions to our understanding of adolescent health in the areas of sexual orientation, substance use, and dating. The articles are rich in their analytic methods and provide implications regarding study methodologies. I want to focus on two articles that address the health and development of sexual minority adolescents. The challenges that sexual minority youth face have been a recent focus in the popular media, but the paucity of research among sexual minority youth is evident. It is striking how little we know about sexual identity and how to classify sexual identity for the purpose of research. As pointed out by Loosier and colleagues, research has traditionally viewed sexual orientation as a dichotomy (i.e., homosexual and heterosexual), and therefore, most research has skewed our understanding of the challenges young people face as they develop their sexual identity. Classifying an individual simply as heterosexual or homosexual may not adequately describe individuals who fall somewhere in the middle of the continuum. Identity development in adolescents is fluid and is achieved through exploration of social roles and relationships. Rigidly classifying adolescents ignores the fluidity of this developmental period and may bias research findings. Results of the study by Loosier and others suggest that those adolescents who identify as being in the middle of the sexual identity continuum may have higher levels of risk than adolescents who identify as being fully homosexual or fully heterosexual. This study propels us to ask why adolescents who identify as bisexual, as mostly homosexual, or as mostly heterosexual may be at greater risk than those who identify as fully homosexual or fully heterosexual. Although the temptation in the past has been to infer that being a sexual minority in and of itself confers additional risk, it is possible that because identity development is such a critical task for every adolescent, any situation where youth experience lack of acceptance may create tension and stress that result in depression, alcohol and drug use, and sexual risk taking. Youth who are different or who have identities that are not shared by the majority may lack social support and clear social scripts on how to navigate through their expanding social universe. Developmental tasks of developing friendships, S. R. Tortolero (&) Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA e-mail: Susan.Tortolero@uth.tmc.edu
Global Wind Monitoring By Satellite-Borne Coherent Lidar

We have analyzed the feasibility of measuring the global wind field from orbital altitudes to 800 km using a coherent infrared lidar. A one-meter diameter telescope is assumed on the satellite, collimating the 10 J pulses that are 3-7 µs is in duration from a CO2 TEA isotope gas laser. The lidar scans in a conical pattern around the nadir point in 11 s while pulsing at an average rate of 8 Hz. A comprehensive computer simulation that includes lidar, platform, and processor characteristics and atmospheric effects indicates that it should be possible to measure global winds at 1 km height intervals throughout the troposphere with an accuracy of 1-2 m s-1, so long as dense clouds do not obstruct the line of sight. A conceptual design for a Space Shuttle feasibility demonstration lidar has been completed.
Hyperkalemic distal renal tubular acidosis associated with Rett syndrome

Renal function was studied in a 7-year-old girl with Rett syndrome (RS) complicated by persistent hyperchloremic hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis. The acidosis was associated with a urine pH above 5.5, positive urinary anion gap and decreased potassium excretion. Plasma renin activity, aldosterone and cortisol levels were normal. Therapy with sodium bicarbonate failed to lower urine pH below 5.5 or increase potassium excretion. Hydrochlorothiazide administration resulted in a fall in urine pH below 5.5 and an increase in potassium excretion as a result of increased distal sodium delivery and increased sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. We conclude that a voltage-dependent type of derangement in the distal nephron, rather than aldosterone deficiency, is responsible for the impairment in urinary acidification observed in this patient. Early detection of impaired renal acidification in RS may prevent or slow the progression of growth failure.
An Analysis of the Capacity of Charter Schools to Address the Needs of Students With Disabilities in Wisconsin

Over the past 10 years increasing numbers of charter schools have been considered a viable option for many students seeking to obtain a quality education. Public charter schools and their administrators and teachers are obligated to follow the principles enshrined in federal mandates, such as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act. This study examines the capacity of charter school operators to create environments and service delivery models that effectively address the needs of students eligible for special education services via a survey of Wisconsin charter school operators and a content analysis of the applications of independent charter schools. The results indicate that charter operators, particularly those presiding over schools considered their own local education agency, experienced significant challenges with addressing special education in the planning and implementat...
IIR Ultra-Wideband Pulse Shaper Design

This paper introduces a new method to generate an ultra-wideband (UWB) pulse to fill up the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) mask. One way to generate the pulse is by summing a weighted delayed elementary waveform (e.g., a Gaussian monocycle pulse). This method can be reduced to an FIR filter design problem. In this paper, an IIR-like method is introduced. It generates the UWB pulse using the weighted sum of not only the delayed elementary waveform but also the feedback waveforms. Allpass decomposition and lattice structures are used to reduce the complexity of the implementation. Simulation shows that the IIR based method has higher filling efficiency than the FIR based method. Simulation also shows that the impulse response of the IIR shaper decays very fast. Therefore the expected long transient created by the IIR shaper is negligible
Explicit models for robot road following

The authors discuss the need for explicit models in the context of road following, showing how previously built road followers have suffered by not having such models. The approach will not only model appearance and shape information, but also include semantics. It is suggested that using an explicit model will make it easier to program and debut a road follower and will lead to efficient programs. The bulk of the processing can be done by simple operators that need not be concerned with special cases, whereas the costlier recovery procedures and switching between operators will occur infrequently. The authors introduce FERMI (Following Explicit Road Models Intelligently) and describe its construction and performance. FERMI includes explicit geometric models and multiple trackers, and it uses explicit models to select features to track and methods to track them. >
Bone Formation and Inflammation in Cardiac Valves

Background—For nearly a century, the mechanical failure of calcified heart valves was attributed to a passive degenerative process. Recently, several case reports described bone formation in surgically excised heart valves and suggested an unexpected process of tissue repair. Methods and Results—We studied the prevalence and pathology of heterotopic ossification in 347 surgically excised heart valves (256 aortic, 91 mitral) in 324 consecutive patients (182 men, 142 women; mean age 68 years) who underwent cardiac valve replacement surgery between 1994 and 1998. The valves were examined microscopically to determine the prevalence and features of bone formation and remodeling. Two hundred eighty-eight valves (83%) had dystrophic calcification. Mature lamellar bone with hematopoietic elements and active bone remodeling were present in 36 valves (13%) with dystrophic calcification. Endochondral bone formation, similar to that seen in normal fracture repair, was identified in 4 valves. Microfractures were prese...
On the Nature of the Oxygen Effect on X-ray-induced DNA Single-strand Breaks in Mammalian Cells

SummaryThe initial yield of DNA single-strand breaks in X-irradiated Chinese hamster ovary cells was about 4-fold higher in aerated samples than in those under extreme hypoxia (<10 p.p.m. O2), with DNA breakage yields of 3·6 × 10−9 and 0·85 × 10−9 dalton−1 krad−1 for air and N2 irradiations, respectively. In cells in which metabolism had been inhibited by heating before irradiation, a maximal DNA break yield of about 8 × 10−9 dalton−1 krad−1 was found for samples irradiated in air or under moderate hypoxia (200 p.p.m. O2), while extreme hypoxia (<10 p.p.m. O2) gave a yield of 4·3 × 10−9 breaks dalton−1 krad−1. When cysteamine was added to heated cells irradiated under extreme hypoxia, the DNA break yield was close to that obtained for viable cells under extreme hypoxia. Similarly, when the reducing agent, Na2S2O4, was added before irradiation to remove O2 chemically, the breakage yield for heated cells was close to that obtained for viable cells under extreme hypoxia. A 10-fold difference in the radiation...
Use of DigiSim to Model Cyclic Voltammetric and Photonic Responses in Electrogenerated Chemiluminescent Systems

We demonstrate the use of DigiSim, a commercially available computer code, to model both the cyclic voltammetric and photonic responses of electrogenerated chemiluminescent systems. With this approach we exploit the capability of DigiSim to simulate complex electrochemical behavior involving myriad coupled heterogeneous electron transfers and homogeneous reactions. The present work focuses on the simulation of a relatively simple mechanism for electrogenerating chemiluminescence. Use of multiple cycles and introduction of more complicated mechanisms, quasi-reversible electron transfer, uncompensated resistance, and capacitance entail straightforward modifications of the basic approach.
Discrete multi-pulse laser ablation depth profiling with a single-collector ICP-MS: Sub-micron U–Pb geochronology of zircon and the effect of radiation damage on depth-dependent fractionation

Abstract A discrete multi-pulse method for single-collector ICP-MS laser ablation systems is presented that interrogates isotopic variation as a function of sample depth. The fidelity of the method is assessed with a 183-sample U–Pb analysis session of zircons with known age. By using bursts of 5 laser pulses the method resolves integration-level ages with ~ 0.55 μm depth resolution and ~ 6% 2σ age uncertainty. To avoid signal aliasing, isotopic ratios are calculated using total ion counts for each integration, instead of on a cycle-by-cycle basis. Fractionation correction is achieved by constructing a continuous-function, non-parametric 3D surface from which discrete values for any time and sample depth can be calculated. At the sample level (15 integrations for this study), average 2σ uncertainty is ~ 2.5% for 206Pb/238U ages; 95% of samples and ~ 90% of integrations overlap with their accepted age at 2σ. The data reduction software developed here is designed to be flexible and a discussion of the effects of varying method parameters is provided. Total ablation depth is measured using white light interferometry, ranges between 7 and 10 μm and is found to vary as a function of parent radionuclide concentration, measures of crystal lattice disorganization from Raman spectroscopy, and metrics of radiation damage (alpha dose). These data indicate that radiation damage exerts a fundamental control on laser ablation efficiency, although the exact physical process is unknown at present. Consequently, fractionation correction factors derived for a reference material may not be appropriate for unknowns with vastly different crystal structure.
Taking the Pulse of the Cambrian Radiation

SYNOPSIS. The Cambrian radiation is that key episode in the history of life when a large number of animal phyla appeared in the fossil record over a geologically short period of time. Over the last 20 years, scientific understanding of this radiation has increased significantly. Still, fundamental questions remain about the timing of the radiation and also the tempo of evolution. Trilobites are an excellent group to address these questions because of their rich abundance and diversity. Moreover, their complex morphology makes them readily amenable to phylogenetic analysis, and deducing the nature of macroevolutionary processes during the Cambrian radiation requires an understanding of evolutionary patterns. Phylogenetic biogeographic analysis of Early Cambrian olenellid trilobites, based on a modified version of Brooks Parsimony Analysis, revealed the signature of the breakup of Pannotia, a tectonic event that most evidence suggests is constrained to the interval 600 to 550 Ma. As trilobites are derived metazoans, this suggests the phylogenetic proliferation associated with the Cambrian radiation was underway tens of millions of years before the Early Cambrian, although not hundreds of millions of years as some have argued. Phylogenetic information from Early Cambrian olenellid trilobites was also used in a stochastic approach based on two continuous time models to test the hypothesis that rates of speciation were unusually high during the Cambrian radiation. No statistical evidence was found to support this hypothesis. Instead, rates of evolution during the Cambrian radiation, at least those pertaining to speciation, were comparable to those that have occurred during other times of adaptive or taxic radiation throughout the history of life.
TROPICAL CYCLONES AND COASTAL MORPHOLOGY IN MAURITIUS1

(1964). TROPICAL CYCLONES AND COASTAL MORPHOLOGY IN MAURITIUS. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 54, No. 4, pp. 582-596.
The use of a contraction to improve the isotropy of grid-generated turbulence

It is found that when the average kinetic energies of normal velocity components in decaying, grid-generated turbulence are equilibrated by a symmetric contraction of the wind tunnel, this equality can persist downstream. A second result is further confirmation of the fact that the best power-law fit to the inverse turbulent energy during the early part of decay is near (x–x1)1·25, for both rod grids and disk grids. The Kolmogorov decay law is re-derived by a spectral method which is essentially equivalent to the original. Finally, a crude theoretical estimate of component energies in the straight duct after a weak contraction seems to support the experiments.
Testing an ADC linearized with pseudorandom dither

When a pure sinewave is digitized by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), the errors are determined by the input voltage and, hence, the phase of the sinewave. The errors generate signal harmonics coherently. One technique used to reduce the harmonic distortion is dithering by combining a pseudorandom wide bandwidth dither signal with the input signal. When pseudorandom dither is added to a sinusoidal signal, it randomizes the ADC errors with respect to the sinewave so that the errors cannot add coherently. The dominant effect of the dither component is to reduce large spurious harmonic distortion components by spreading them into many smaller ones. This paper presents a test method for testing an ADC linearized with pseudorandom dither. We present results of testing a 12-bit, 5 MHz converter and a state-of-the-art, 14-15-bit, 10 MHz converter.
Body weight, not thrombus-burden tissue plasminogen activator dosing: but still.

See related article, pages 2867–2871. After studies in cardiology that used body weight dosing, intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) dose for stroke (0.9 mg/kg alteplase, maximum 90 mg) emerged from small dose-escalation studies that started with doses far less than those for myocardial infarction.1 These studies were conducted before tests like CT angiography became readily available to determine thrombus location and extent in acute ischemic stroke. Current guidelines endorse this body weight-based dose as standard of care after pivotal randomized trials showed a significant benefit from systemic thrombolysis.2,3 During clinical trials and in daily practice, clinicians have to obtain body weight (actual or estimate) urgently when special beds equipped with calibrated scales are generally not available in emergency departments. Weighing the patient without a stretcher with built-in bed scales would require a Hoyer lift scale, and because tPA should be given as soon as possible, this could delay care. As a result, dosing errors could be frequent. These errors were documented by many across different patient populations.4,5 Bruer et al provide a useful account that details body weight estimation …
Skew-hadamard abelian group difference sets

A v, k, X group d$ference set (G, D) is a k-subset D = {di), i = l,..., k, taken from a group G of order v such that each element different from the identity e in G appears exactly X times in the set of differences (d,df-l}, where 0 < X < k < v 1. Combinatorially, a v, k, h group difference set is equivalent to a v, k, h design having a collineation group which is transitive and regular on the elements and on the blocks of the design [I]. Thus, v, k, and X satisfy the relation [II] (v 1)h = k(k 1). (1.1) We call (G, D) Abelian when G is Abelian and cyclic when G is cyclic. A multiplier of a group difference set (G, D) is an automorphism w of G under which Dw = bDa (1.2) for some a, b E G. When G is Abelian, (1.2) simplifies to
Race, Ethnicity, and the Health Care System: Public Perceptions and Experiences

To assess the public’s perceptions and attitudes about racial and ethnic differences in health care, the Kaiser Family Foundation surveyed a nationally representative sample of 3,884 whites, African Americans, and Latinos in 1999. The survey found that the majority of Americans are uninformed about health care disparities—many were unaware that blacks fare worse than whites on measures susch as infant mortality and life expectancy, and that Latinos are less likely than whites to have health insurance. Views on whether the health system treats people equally were strikingly different by race. For example, most minority Americans perceive that they get lower quality care than whites, but most whites think otherwise. Nonetheless, more minority Americans were concerned about the cost of care than racial barriers. Efforts to eliminate disparities will need to improve public awareness of the problems as well as address racial and financial barriers to care.
Testing and Evaluating a Conceptual Framework of Accounting

As a step toward developing a widely accepted theory to guide the standards-making process and the accounting profession, the Financial Accounting Standards Board submitted a conceptual framework to the profession for its consideration. Its purpose is to provide guidance in the choice among alternative accounting methods for an issue. Whether the conceptual framework performs its function can be objectively evaluated only when it is applied to issues and tested through a rigorous procedure. A rigorous procedure to evaluate a theory has two conceptually distinguishable but interrelated parts: (a) testing the set of sentences constituting the logical structure of the theory and its inferences by way of mathematical or logical proofs, and (b) evaluating the content of the sentences constituting the theory and its inferences by way of evidence, be it empirical, intuitive, or otherwise. The purpose of this study is to test the logical structure of the conceptual framework. The results of the study provide a demonstration that the structure of the conceptual framework is logically consistent and that inferences from the structure of the conceptual framework to alternative methods for an issue are deductively valid. The study also exemplifies an application of the structure of the conceptual framework in the selection of an alternative method for an issue. The application explicitly interrelates the structure and content of the conceptual framework.
Distinct Physiological Effects of Dopamine D4 Receptors on Prefrontal Cortical Pyramidal Neurons and Fast-Spiking Interneurons

Dopamine D4 receptor (D4R), which is strongly linked to neuropsychiatric disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia, is highly expressed in pyramidal neurons and GABAergic interneurons in prefrontal cortex (PFC). In this study, we examined the impact of D4R on the excitability of these 2 neuronal populations. We found that D4R activation decreased the frequency of spontaneous action potentials (sAPs) in PFC pyramidal neurons, whereas it induced a transient increase followed by a decrease of sAP frequency in PFC parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons. D4R activation also induced distinct effects in both types of PFC neurons on spontaneous excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents, which drive the generation of sAP. Moreover, dopamine substantially decreased sAP frequency in PFC pyramidal neurons, but markedly increased sAP frequency in PV+ interneurons, and both effects were partially mediated by D4R activation. In the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia, the decreasing effect of D4R on sAP frequency in both types of PFC neurons was attenuated, whereas the increasing effect of D4R on sAP in PV+ interneurons was intact. These results suggest that D4R activation elicits distinct effects on synaptically driven excitability in PFC projection neurons versus fast-spiking interneurons, which are differentially altered in neuropsychiatric disorder-related conditions.
Mesh-based integration of range and color images

This paper discusses the construction of photorealistic 3D models from multisensor data. The data typically comprises multiple views of range and color images to be integrated into a unified 3D model. The integration process uses a mesh-based representation of the range data and the advantages of the mesh-based approach over a volumetric approach are mentioned. First, two meshes, corresponding to range images taken from two different viewpoints, are registered to the same world coordinate system and then integrated. This process is repeated until all views have been integrated. The integration is straightforward unless the two triangle meshes overlap. The overlapped measurements are detected and the less confident triangles are removed based on their distance from and orientation relative to the camera viewpoint. After removing the overlapping patches, the meshes are seamed together to build a single 3D model. The model is incrementally updated after each new viewpoint is integrated. The color images are used as texture in the finished scene model. The results show that the approach is efficient for the integration of large, multimodal data sets.
Changes in thrombospondin-1 levels in the endothelial cells of the anterior pituitary during estrogen-induced prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors

Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a multifunctional matrix glyco-protein, has been shown to control tumor growth by inhibiting angiogenesis in various tissues. However, the role of this glycoprotein in pituitary angiogenesis is not well studied. In this report, we determined the changes in the production and action of TSP-1 on endothelial cells in anterior pituitary following estradiol treatment, which is known to increase prolactin-secreting tumor growth and vascularization in this tissue. We showed that TSP-1 immunoreactive protein is distributed in the anterior pituitary, particularly in the endothelial cells. Estradiol treatment for 2 and 4 weeks decreased the total tissue immunoreactive level of TSP-1 as well as the endothelial cell-specific immunoreactive level of this protein in the anterior pituitary. The steroid treatment also decreased the protein levels of TSP-1 in anterior pituitary tissues and in purified pituitary endothelial cells in primary cultures. Determination of the effects of TSP-1 on proliferation and migration of pituitary-derived endothelial cells in primary cultures elucidated an inhibitory action of TSP-1 on these vascular cell functions. These results suggest that locally produced TSP-1 may regulate estrogen angiogenic action on the pituitary.
Modeling fluorescence collection from single molecules in microspheres: effects of position, orientation, and frequency

We present calculations of fluorescence from single molecules (modeled as damped oscillating dipoles) inside a dielectric sphere. For an excited molecule at an arbitrary position within the sphere we calculate the fluorescence intensity collected by an objective in some well-defined detection geometry. We find that, for the cases we model, integration over the emission linewidth of the molecule is essential for obtaining representative results. Effects such as dipole position and orientation, numerical aperture of the collection objective, sphere size, emission wavelength, and linewidth are examined. These results are applicable to single-molecule detection techniques employing microdroplets.
Progranulin axis and recent developments in frontotemporal lobar degeneration

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that is the second most common form of dementia affecting individuals under age 65. The most common pathological subtype, FTLD with transactive response DNA-binding protein with a molecular weight of 43 kDa inclusions (FTLD-TDP), is often caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the progranulin gene (GRN) encoding the progranulin protein (PGRN). GRN pathogenic mutations result in haploinsufficiency, usually by nonsense-mediated decay of the mRNA. Since the discovery of these mutations in 2006, several groups have published data and animal models that provide further insight into the genetic and functional relevance of PGRN in the context of FTLD-TDP. These studies were critical in initiating our understanding of the role of PGRN in neural development, degeneration, synaptic transmission, cell signaling, and behavior. Furthermore, recent publications have now identified the receptors for PGRN, which will hopefully lead to additional therapeutic targets. Additionally, drug screens have been conducted to identify pharmacological regulators of PGRN levels to be used as potential treatments for PGRN haploinsufficiency. Here we review recent literature describing relevant data on GRN genetics, cell culture experiments describing the potential role and regulators of PGRN in the central nervous system, animal models of PGRN deficiency, and potential PGRN-related FTLD therapies that are currently underway. The present review aims to underscore the necessity of further elucidation of PGRN biology in FTLD-related neurodegeneration.
Detection of mechanical fault in linear servo motion systems using synchronous-averaging and wavelet de-noising

Machinery condition monitoring by vibration analysis has been discussed over decades. Varieties of rotor, bearing and gearbox diagnostic techniques are available. Most of them are developed for rotary machines. Traditional spectrum analysis can successfully detect defects induced from a periodical impact signal under constant speed operation. However, a linear motion system does not exhibit a periodic behavior and the diagnosis technique is relatively new for researchers. This paper introduces a synchronous averaging and wavelet de-noising combined technique to detect defects on a precision linear motion servo-control system. Experimental results of the proposed method are also presented.
Grief and lost potential in the parents of adult children with severe mental illness.

GRIEF AND LOST POTENTIAL IN THE PARENTS OF ADULT CHILDREN WITH SEVERE MENTAL ILLNESS Karen Eisenmenger July 02,2012 This dissertation is an investigation into the intensity, nature, predictors, and time course of grief that parents of adult children with a severe mental illness experience. This is an area of research that has not been fully understood or addressed by the mental health community. Parents were recruited through National Alliance on Mental illness (NAMIKY) family support group meetings. Each participant completed a package of anonymous surveys measuring grief due to the mental illness of their child, parental burden, and vocational lost potential, as well as completing demographic information. The results of the statistical analyses indicated that parental grief begins after receiving a diagnosis, and then decreases sharply after about six years. In addition, the child's current age was found to significantly correlate with grief intensity in the parent; the negative relationship suggested that grief is higher the younger the child. These findings indicate that early intervention with the parents could be helpful in processing grief, which in turn would likely assist the adult children with managing their illness.
Update on Survival in Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy in children. Treatment has evolved to include systemic chemotherapy and local control surgery. Although survival improved initially in a drastic fashion with this approach, recent decades have seen little to no further gains in this area. Limb salvage surgery evolved with effective chemotherapy and advances in imaging, and continues to improve in the recent era. This article serves as a review of survival in high-grade osteosarcoma: prognostic factors, advances in chemotherapy and surgery, late effects of chemotherapy and surgery in survivors, and future directions.
Pigment Biosynthesis: Chlorophylls, Heme, and Carotenoids

The two major pigments found in photosynthetic eukaryotic cells are the tetrapyrroles (including chlorophylls, heme, and their derivatives) and the carotenoids. Both of these classes of molecules play an important role in the light absorption and energy transduction processes of photosynthesis and they also participate in numerous other metabolic activities in the cell. Over the past several years there has been a considerable advancement in our understanding of the biochemistry and genetic regulation of tetrapyrrole and carotenoid formation. Genes encoding many of the enzymes of the two biosynthetic pathways have been isolated and their nucleotide and encoded primary protein structures determined. Such molecular analysis has greatly facilitated the examination of how enzyme synthesis and activity are regulated throughout development and under a variety of different growth and environmental conditions. It has also led to new insights into the reaction mechanisms and specificities of several key enzymes in these processes. In this chapter, I present an overview of the recent developments in tetrapyrrole and carotenoid biosynthesis, drawing upon work carried out in a wide range of organisms in order to better illustrate certain features of the biosynthetic process in question or to highlight particularly important differences among species.
Emotion in Justice Processes

Every day humans experience a wide range of emotions—the joy of the sunrise, the disappointment of a nonexistent closed-form expression, the consolation of a beautiful theorem, the thrill of tasty food, the pleasure of a deep friendship, the unbearable sadness of another’s lost love (weeping for Dido, as the young Augustine), the peace of a day well worked.
Hypoxia induces endothelial cells to increase their adherence for neutrophils: role of PAF

We investigated the interactions of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and endothelial cells in myocardial ischemia using a hypoxia model. We exposed porcine aortic (PAEC) and porcine coronary microvessel (PCMEC) endothelial cells to 2% O2 for 2 h (PO2 = 53 mmHg) and measured the adherence of unstimulated neutrophils (PMN) to both control and hypoxia-conditioned endothelial cell monolayers. Hypoxia conditioning increased PMN adherence to PAEC and PCMEC by 51 and 101%, respectively, above control levels. The increase in PMN adhesion to PAEC was associated with a threefold increase in endothelial cell-associated platelet-activating factor (PAF) compared with control PAEC. The conditioned media from PAEC exposed to hypoxia also contained sixfold more PAF than control conditioned media, and it activated PMN to become adherent to untreated PAEC. The hypoxia-induced PAEC adhesion response was inhibited by preincubating PMN with the specific PAF receptor antagonist, L-659,989. We conclude that PAF is produced by cultured endothelial cells in response to hypoxia and that PAF generation is chiefly responsible for the increased adherence properties of hypoxia-conditioned endothelial cells. This response may play a major role in regulating PMN margination during myocardial ischemia.
Music Programming in Gibber

We document music programming in Gibber, a creative coding environment for the browser. We describe affordances for a sample-accurate and functional approach to scheduling, pattern creation and manipulation, audio synthesis, using rhythm and harmony, and score definition and playback.
CuI-Catalyzed Synthesis of Propargyl Hydroperoxides Using Molec-ular Oxygen and Hydroxylamines

A CuI-catalyzed oxidation of enynes using N-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) or N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) with molecular oxygen has been developed to yield propargyl hydroperoxides. The reaction occurs under O2 at 0 °C to afford hydroperoxides in 1–4 h. This method provides an alternative to H2O2 or tBuOOH by using molecular oxygen as the source of oxygen atoms. The resulting hydroperoxides can be protected prior to purification and converted into alkoxyamines upon treatment with hydrazine.
The acoustic impedance characteristics of porous foams and fibrous materials

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the acoustic impedance characteristics of porous materials such as porous foams and fibrous mats. Most of previous experimental investigations focused on the characteristics of fibrous materials only. However, Yu, Kwan and Yasukawa did include some foam materials in th eir investigation. Their experiments were conducted in an impedance tube, which allowed measurement up to 6000 Hz. The empirical correlations of Delany and Bazley were derived from measurements conducted between 250 and 4000 Hz. The data presented by Lee a nd Selamet 4 had an upper limit of just over 3000 Hz. The apparatus developed by Syed and Ichihashi at the University of Cincinnati is capable of accurate measurements up to 9000 Hz. Therefore it allows an investigation of the acoustic characteristics of p orous materials over a much wider frequency range.
The Possible Relationship of the Pleuropneumonia-like Organisms to Reiter's Disease, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ulcerative Colitis.

The pleuropneumonia-like group of organisms has long been identified with the problem of chronic arthritis in many animal species. In 1898, Nocard and Roux isolated the first member of this group from cattle suffering from pleurisy, pneumonitis, and in a considerable percentage of the cases, from joint involvement. In 1923, Bridre and Donatien found a similar organism in sheep and goats suffering from agalactia, a syndrome which includes mastitis with glandular atrophy and suppression of lactation, chronic arthritis, keratitis, vesiculo-pustular skin eruptions, and in males, scrotal inflammation. The organism was isolated from the milk, conjunctivae, joint fluid, and blood stream.1 Further members of this group of organisms were first isolated by Klieneberger in 1935 in cultures from rats infected with Streptobacillus moniliformis. In the following few years, many strains were isolated from rats both alone and in association with the streptobacillus. Of these, the L4 strain of Woglom and Warren caused a "pyogenic" polyarthritis in rats and the L7 of Findlay et al.2 caused a spontaneous as well as transmissible and experimental polyarthritis in rats. This strain could also produce an arthritis when injected into mice. In the course of studies on mouse toxoplasmosis, Sabin3 isolated a new filtrable agent, later shown4,5 to be a pleuropneumonia-like organism (called strain A). This organism caused a neurological disorder in mice, called "rolling disease" by Findlay et al.,5 but if inoculated into older, more resistant mice, it induced a polyarthritis rather than the cerebellar disease.6 Other strains (B, C, D, E) were subsequently isolated' from the conjunctiva, nasal mucosa, and sometimes the brain, lung, and trachea of normal carrier mice. Of these, strain B,5 on intravenous inoculation, produced a chronic, proliferative, progressive arthritis in mice which clinically and pathologically bears a striking resemblance to human rheumatoid arthritis. Clinically there were typical "rheumatoid" fusiform swellings of the involved joints which often went on to chronicity and ankylosis. The organisms could be isolated from infected joints as late as 70 days after intravenous injection, though the blood stream was rendered sterile in 2 to 3 days. These various mouse strains all induced antibody responses in the host, but did not cross agglutinate and were not serologically identical. Pleuropneumonia-like microorganisms have likewise been found in dogs and guinea pigs' though not in relation to arthritis and also as saprophytes in sewage and decaying matter.' The close similarity of this experimental infection in mice to human rheumatoid arthritis led several workers8-I" to study under controlled
Are Spacecraft Cheaper or More Expensive Now, and Why? Spacecraft Innovation Trends

*† A general conceptual approach to measuring innovation in complex systems is developed; specifically defining innovation as a measure of the rate of change of function per cost over time. This notion is applied in the context of communication satellites with the associated challenges discussed. Given the constraints on data availability, a highest-lowerbound estimator is proposed as a surrogate for function. The cost of functionality is address through the use of historical price data. The analysis reveals that innovation has, in fact, occurred over time: Communication satellites are cheaper now.
COMBINED USE OF TRANSURETHRAL VAPORIZATION AND RESECTION FOR HIGH-RISK BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA:CLINICAL STUDY OF 42 CASES

Objective To evalutate the effect of transurethral vaporization of the prostate(TUVP) in combination with transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP) for the treatment of high-risk and severe benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).MethodsA combined use of TUVP and TURP was carried out for treating 42 cases of BPH.There were 25 cases of Sohlege stage Ⅰ disease,17 cases of stage Ⅱ.ResultsThe length of duration of the operation was 40～ 80 min(mean,60 min).A blood transfusion of 300 ml was required in 4 cases after the operation.Transurethral resection syndrome(TURS) occurred in 2 cases.The mean postoperative catheterization stay was 5 days.A1l 42 patients had been followed up for 6～36 months(mean,11 months).The international prostate symptom score(IPSS) decreased from(24±2) preoperation to(8±3) postoperation.The maximum urinary flow rate(Qmax) increased from(3.0 ± 2.2)ml/s to(13.0 ± 2.6)ml/s.Postoperative transient urinary incontinence was observed in 2 cases.ConclusionCombined use of transurethral electrovaporization and resection of the prostate for the treatment of high-risk and severe BPH gave satisfactory effects.
Analysis on Epidemic Character of Japanese B Encephalitis Affected by Emergent Vaccination

Objective To evaluate the affection of JE Vaccine emergent vaccination on epidemic character of JE and discussion on the control strategy of JE.Methods Emergent vaccination data and data of epidemic situation of JE were analyzed .Results About 211280 dosage of JE vaccine were given out all over the city .There are 195230 legal children were vaccinated by one dose JE vaccine , the coverage rate was 99.71% . No serious harmful reaction was reported.The epidemic period in 2003 is shorter than that in 1990-2002 because of the emergent vaccination.Conclusion Emergent vaccination of JE vaccine has remarkable effect on control JE.It is safe and workable to inoculate JE vaccine during the JE epidemic period ,so we suggested that JE vaccine should be incorporated into EPI,and the legal children’s age rage can be enlarge if it is necessary.
Design on Computerized Plan of First Examination Procedure for Job Promotion in Agricultural Research Series-job Promotion Forecast

The first examination procedure of job promotion for agricultural research series was designed by Excel platform in this paper.Automation in first examination of job promotion was realized by the method of data link with codes and functions,to discover a computerized mean simplifying work procedures,enhancing initiative and forward-looking in work,and improving management efficiency and level.
Land Bargains and Chinese Capitalism: The Politics of Property Rights under Reform

Land reforms have been critical to the development of Chinese capitalism over the last several decades, yet land in China remains publicly owned. This book explores the political logic of reforms to land ownership and control, accounting for how land development and real estate have become synonymous with economic growth and prosperity in China. Drawing on extensive fieldwork and archival research, the book tracks land reforms and urban development at the national level and in three cities in a single Chinese region. The study reveals that the initial liberalization of land was reversed after China's first contemporary real estate bubble in the early 1990s and that property rights arrangements at the local level varied widely according to different local strategies for economic prosperity and political stability. In particular, the author links fiscal relations and economic bases to property rights regimes, finding that more 'open' cities are subject to greater state control over land.
Use of the Acute Hospital Unit in the Early Phase of Longterm Treatment of Borderline Psychotic Patients

The goals of longterm treatment for borderline psychotic states are subsumed under the concept of more integrated ego functioning, and include better anxiety tolerance, better impulse control, enhancement of conflict-free intellectual functioning, and better subliminatory capacity. All require solidification of high level defenses. Equally important is integration of superego with ego functioning. Some of the difficult passages on the way to such goals and the use of acute hospitalization in their resolution are described.
What Is Model-Based Systems Engineering?

This chapter provides a short overview of systems engineering approaches, activities, and goals and how model-based systems engineering (MBSE) can help achieve them. The chapter makes the distinction between systems and discipline-specific engineering disciplines and then identifies and describes the primary systems engineering activities and their resulting engineering data. Following this, the three primary workflow models (V-Model, Incremental Model, and Hybrid V-Model) are discussed as means for sequencing the system engineering activities. With that basic understanding in place, the chapter proceeds with the advantages of MBSE over traditional document-centric approaches—such as supporting deeper reasoning about system properties and providing a single source of engineering truth. A short discussion of how to move from traditional methods to MBSE is supplied in the section on “Adopting MBSE.” The chapter winds up with “The Rules of Modeling” to provide a set of guidelines for new practitioners.
Prosthetists' perceptions and use of outcome measures in clinical practice: Long-term effects of focused continuing education.

Background:Continuing education is intended to facilitate clinicians’ skills and knowledge in areas of practice, such as administration and interpretation of outcome measures.Objective:To evaluate ...