cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The deconstruction of constructivism.

June/July 2002 • American Psychologist vites the replacement of one with the other. PDP connectionism provides a synthetic perspective on the dialectical tension created by this play of apparent opposites by centering inquiry on constructivist network principles that govern the emergence of mind from brain. Connectionism brings postmodernist constructive assumptions to bear regarding how perceptions, cognitions, and behavior are synthesized within a cultural context and therefore should be of interest to all psychologists.
Ups1p, a conserved intermembrane space protein, regulates mitochondrial shape and alternative topogenesis of Mgm1p

Mgm1p is a conserved dynamin-related GTPase required for fusion, morphology, inheritance, and the genome maintenance of mitochondria in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mgm1p undergoes unconventional processing to produce two functional isoforms by alternative topogenesis. Alternative topogenesis involves bifurcate sorting in the inner membrane and intramembrane proteolysis by the rhomboid protease Pcp1p. Here, we identify Ups1p, a novel mitochondrial protein required for the unique processing of Mgm1p and for normal mitochondrial shape. Our results demonstrate that Ups1p regulates the sorting of Mgm1p in the inner membrane. Consistent with its function, Ups1p is peripherally associated with the inner membrane in the intermembrane space. Moreover, the human homologue of Ups1p, PRELI, can fully replace Ups1p in yeast cells. Together, our findings provide a conserved mechanism for the alternative topogenesis of Mgm1p and control of mitochondrial morphology.
Analysis of the T-type calcium channel in embryonic chick ventricular myocytes.

T-type calcium channels (I T channels) were studied in cell-attached patch electrode recordings from the ventricular cell membrane of 14-day embryonic chick heart. All experiments were performed in the absence of Ca2+ with Na+ (120mm) as the charge carrier.I T channels were distinguished from L-type calcium channels (I L) by their more negative activation and inactivation potential ranges; their smaller unitary slope conductance (26 pS), and their insensitivity to isoproterenol or D600. Inactivation kinetics were voltage dependent. The time constant of inactivation was 37 msec when the membrane potential was depolarized 40 mV from rest (R+40 mV), and 20 msec atR+60 mV. The frequency histogram of channel open times τ0 was fit by a single-exponential curve while that of closed times τc was biexponeintial. τ o was the same atR+40 mV andR+60 mV whereas τ c was shortened atR+60 mV. The open-state probability (P o) increased with depolarization: 0.35 atR+40 mV, 0.8 atR+60 mV and 0.88 atR+80 mV. This increase inP o at depolarized potentials could be accounted for by the decrease in τc.
Stereoselective Nucleoside Deuteration for NMR Studies of DNA

A procedure has been elaborated for stereoselective deuterium substitution of one of the diastereotopic 5′-protons in 2′-deoxynucleotides. The synthetic scheme uses the reduction of the 5-oxosugar derivative with deuterated Alpine-Borane. The resulting deuterosugar is converted into pyrimidine nucleosides and incorporated into DNA using standard protocols. Comparison of two-dimensional NMR spectra of the fully protonated and partially deuterated duplexes allowed us to assign diastereotopic 5′ protons, increasing the number of experimental restraints used for structure determination.
Japanese consumer preferences for processed pork

Results of a consumer survey mailed to 3,000 households provide information on Japanese preferences for processed pork products. The survey addresses consumer attitudes, buying habits, taste and quality preferences, and the influence of advertising, significant others, and social support systems on processed pork consumption. Health, taste, and quality factors are crucial elements in providing the Japanese consumer with appealing products. The Japanese are especially wary of food additives and preservatives, and prefer products that are low in fat content. Meeting Japanese preferences for taste and quality of processed pork products is essential for successful exporting.
Measurement of starch absorption in humans

Although starch provides a large fraction of human caloric intake, there is limited information concerning the efficiency of intestinal absorption of this nutrient. Owing to the fermentation of starch by colonic bacteria, there is no quantitative test for starch absorption comparable to the fecal fat determination. The most accurate estimation of starch absorption has been obtained by intubating the terminal ileum and aspirating ileal contents following ingestion of a meal containing starch plus a nonabsorbable marker. Starch absorption is calculated from the ratio of starch:marker in the ileal aspirate relative to the ratio in the meal. Disadvantages of the technique are the requirement for ileal intubation and the possible adverse effect of intubation on the absorptive process. A more widely used technique to assess starch absorption involves measurement of breath hydrogen (H2) excretion after ingestion of starch. Malabsorbed starch is fermented by colonic bacteria with liberation of H2 that is absorbed and excreted in expired air. This test is simple and noninvasive and can provide quantitative measurements of starch malabsorption. Application of this technique has demonstrated that 5-10% of starch in wheat, potatoes, and corn is not absorbed by healthy subjects, while rice starch is nearly completely absorbed.
Twisting the night away: a review of the neurobiology, genetics, diagnosis, and treatment of shift work disorder

Although not all individuals who work outside of standard daytime hours develop physical and psychiatric issues, there is a substantial portion of shift workers who develop shift work disorder. Shift work disorder is due to a misalignment between an individual's endogenous circadian rhythms and environmental stimuli, and can have potentially serious consequences to an individual's health and quality of life. This article reviews the neurobiological and genetic underpinnings of shift work disorder, and describes how desynchronization of the molecular clock may lead to both physical and psychiatric illnesses. Diagnostic tools and treatment guidelines to address the circadian misalignment, excessive sleepiness, and insomnia experienced by patients with shift work disorder are also discussed.
Evaluation of Ramp Control Effectiveness in Two Twin Cities Freeways

Recent public opposition threatened to eliminate ramp control as a traffic management option in the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul, which have one of the most extensive ramp control systems in the nation. In response to this, the Minnesota Department of Transportation had to produce tangible independent evidence that ramp metering is effective, to avoid turning off the meters. Simulation is the most widely accepted technique for achieving the stated objectives without turning the metering system off, and therefore it was used in this study. Two freeway sections were selected for detailed testing, and the results along with the methodology are presented here. The results confirm that ramp metering is effective on the ramp and freeway system (not just the freeway), but they also revealed excessive delays on certain ramps that appear to support the concerns raised by the users. Real-life issues related to the simulation implementation process (data collection and filtering, calibration, and interpre...
Interaction of Creativity and Attribution in Assignment of Meaning on Retention of Nonsense Syllables and Words

What determines whether students will spontaneously employ personal control in meaningfulness? Is it related to attributional assignment and/or divergent thinking? 149 participants were undergraduate majors in education, enrolled in human development and learning. Students randomly received one of three 15-item lists: nonsense syllables, unrelated words, or related words. A questionnaire related to attributional assignment for success and failure plus four divergent thinking tasks was given. Attributions significantly predicted Fluency, Flexibility, and/or Originality scores as a function of the meaningfulness of the list. Methodological limitations are addressed. Implications are that we can encourage students to bring personal meaning to tasks low in meaning to increase retention.
Lipocalin signaling controls unicellular tube development in the Caenorhabditis elegans excretory system

Unicellular tubes or capillaries composed of individual cells with a hollow lumen perform important physiological functions including fluid or gas transport and exchange. These tubes are thought to build intracellular lumina by polarized trafficking of apical membrane components, but the molecular signals that promote luminal growth and luminal connectivity between cells are poorly understood. Here we show that the lipocalin LPR-1 is required for luminal connectivity between two unicellular tubes in the Caenorhabditis elegans excretory (renal) system, the excretory duct cell and pore cell. Lipocalins are a large family of secreted proteins that transport lipophilic cargos and participate in intercellular signaling. lpr-1 is required at a time of rapid luminal growth, it is expressed by the duct, pore and surrounding cells, and it can function cell non-autonomously. These results reveal a novel signaling mechanism that controls unicellular tube formation, and provide a genetic model system for dissecting lipocalin signaling pathways.
EVALUATION OF VIRGINIA'S FIRST HEATED BRIDGE

The goal of the Heated Bridge Technology Program, established in 1991 under the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act, is to find durable and environmentally friendly heated bridge technologies for ice and snow removal. The first heated bridge built in Virginia is evaluated. The bridge is on Route 60 over the Buffalo River in Amherst County. The project was monitored from its construction in 1995 through winter operations terminating in spring 2000. Data were collected remotely using an electronic data logger interfaced with various temperature and environmental sensors. An infrared camera was used to examine heat distribution across the bridge deck. The results of the study demonstrate that heat pipe technology can provide a feasible option for heating decks. However, substantial problems were encountered in getting the system to perform as designed. It appears that the control aspect of this technology requires additional improvements to ensure reliable operation under field conditions.
Evaluation of left ventricular mass in children with left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia

To evaluate left ventricular (LV) mass in children with left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), we retrospectively examined the echocardiographic data availlable on all newborn infants with a diagnosis of CDH between April 1989 and May 1993. Adequate data for evaluation were available for 20 of 31 patients with left-sided CDH and no significant congenital heart disease. Left ventricular mass was determined from two-dimensional echocardiograms by an area-length method. Findings were compared with a control group that consisted of neonates with other causes of pulmonary hypertension. Patients with left-sided CDH had a significantly lower indexed LV mass than control subjects (1.96 gm/kg±0.59 vs 2.84 gm/kg±0.41; p =0.0001). Additionally, children with left-sided CDH who required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation before repair (n=7) had a significantly lower indexed LV mass than those patients who did not require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation before repair (1.53 gm/kg±0.50 vs 2.20 gm/kg±0.52; ( p =0.007). Infants who survived (n=13) had an indexed LV mass of 2.09 gm/kg±0.58 vs 1.64 gm/kg±0.58 in those who died ( p =0.07). We conclude that the LV mass index in children with left-sided CDH is significantly lower than in children with other causes of pulmonary hypertension in the newborn period. Evaluation of LV mass in neonates with left-sided CDH may help predict the need for extracorporeal support before surgical repair, and may help indicate overall prognosis.
Serial exercise testing after coronary artery bypass surgery

Abstract To determine the duration of functional benefit from coronary bypass surgery, 111 patients with angina pectoris were serially evaluated by standard exercise testing prior to and for up to 4 years after surgery. Exercise testing 6 to 18 months after surgery showed greater heart rate-blood pressure product at peak work load, improved work capacity, and less symptomatic and electrocardiographic evidence of ischemia than was demonstrated preoperalively. Twenty patients were tested 37 to 48 months postoperatively and showed improved exercise performance in comparison with preoperative results, but the frequency of positive tests during this period no longer differed. Thus, improved exercise performance appears to persist for at least 4 years after coronary bypass surgery.
Criteria of Cariogenicity for Labeling Foods

During the processing of many foods, additives are used, some of which are not recognized as being cariogenic. Several suggestions for labeling food with this information are given.
Preliminary investigation of absent nociceptive flexion reflex responses among more symptomatic women with fibromyalgia syndrome

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a widespread musculoskeletal pain condition with unclear physiologic mechanisms. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the responsiveness of nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) pathways between women with and without FMS. A secondary purpose was to examine the influence of depression, fibromyalgia symptom severity, and cardiovascular health on NFR responses among women with FMS. Fifteen women with FMS and 14 healthy controls participated in an experimental session to assess NFR responses to sural nerve stimulation, resting mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR), and scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). NFR responses were successfully elicited from all healthy individuals, but only eight (53 %) of the women with FMS. These women did not differ in the minimum stimulus intensity required to elicit an NFR response compared to healthy controls (p ≥ 0.35). Further, these women had lower BDI (p = 0.04) and FIQ (p = 0.02) scores compared to women with FMS from whom NFR responses could not be elicited. Resting HR was higher in both groups of women with FMS compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.05), and MAP was strongly associated with NFR thresholds only among women with FMS (r = 0.88, p < 0.01). Findings from this preliminary investigation suggest that NFR pathways are impaired in women who are more severely impacted by symptoms of depression and fibromyalgia, potentially due to desensitization of NFR pathways with chronic autonomic arousal.
An accurate moment method model for the tapered slot antenna

A moment-method model is presented for the radiation characteristics of the tapered slot antenna. It overcomes the shortcoming of an earlier theory. The method is rigorous for the air dielectric antennas. For dielectric-supported antennas, the method is approximate but accurate. The method is particularly accurate for antennas etched on substrates that are electrically thin or have a low dielectric constant, within the limits of ( epsilon /sub r/-1)d/ lambda /sub 0/ >
Polyethenoid fatty acid metabolism. VIII. Nonpotency of cis-9, trans-12-linoleate as essential fatty acid.

Abstract 1. 1. Ethyl cis -9, trans -12-linoleate does not exhibit essential fatty acid activity as judged by effects upon dermal symptoms, water consumption, or growth. Both double bonds in the linoleate molecule must be cis if it is to possess essential fatty acid potency. 2. 2. Ethyl cis -9, trans -12-linoleate is unable to “spark” the utilization of linolenate as judged by dermal symptoms and water intake. However, the cis , trans isomer of linoleate plus linolenate gave greater growth than either supplement alone. 3. 3. All groups receiving linolenate showed high pentaenoic acid and hexaenoic acid contents, and diminished tetraenoic acid contents. The data suggest that in the group receiving linoleate plus linolenate, hexaenoic acid contents are less and pentaenoic acid contents are higher than in the group receiving linolenate alone. 4. 4. Trans double bonds derived from cis -9, trans -12-linoleate are retained by the animal and are deposited in the tissue lipides.
Congo‐Paris: Transnational Traders on the Margins of the Law.

Congo-Paris: Transnational Traders on the Margins of the Law. Janet MacGaffey and Remy Bazenguissa-Ganga. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ix + 189 pp., glossary, bib- liography, index.
Supporting the Iron Fist: Crime News, Public Opinion, and Authoritarian Crime Control in Guatemala

Authoritarian responses to rising violent crime rates have become a serious problem in Central America. Inspired by theories of agenda setting and media framing, this article examines the influence of news media coverage of crime on attitudes toward crime control. Using an original survey experiment, it tests the relationship between crime news, fear of crime, trust in government institutions, and support for authoritarian crime control measures in Guatemala. It finds that crime news influences support for authoritarian crime control via its effect on lowering citizen trust in government institutions. Exposure to crime news also affects self-reported victimization rates and levels of support for a presidential candidate promoting iron fist policies. These findings not only give insight into the relationship between crime news and political attitudes but also have implications for the rule of law and the politics of crime in new or fragile democracies.
A survey of selected pion-nucleus reactions using phase-shift-equivalent potentials

Abstract Since pion-nucleus elastic scattering data can only constrain the asymptotic behavior of the scattered wave, it remains for inelastic scattering and reaction data to test the wave function in the nuclear interior. To this end, distorted-wave impulse approximation calculations have been performed for a variety of low-energy pion reactions using phase-shift-equivalent pion-nucleus potentials: inelastic excitation, photoproduction, and the ( π , p ) reaction. Sensitivity of the reaction cross sections to variations in the equivalent potentials is examined, with an eye toward understanding what can be learned about pion-nucleus dynamics from a given set of reaction data.
Autoreceptors modify the evoked release of [3H]GABA from cerebellar neurons in dissociated cell culture

We investigated the effect of GABA, muscimol and THIP on the K+ -stimulated and spontaneous release of [3H]GABA from neuron-enriched cell cultures of the rat cerebellum. Each agonist produced significant reductions in evoked [3H]GABA without causing marked changes in spontaneous release. The agonist-induced inhibition of K+ -stimulated [3H]GABA release was reversed by the GABA antagonists bicuculline and picrotoxin. It is suggested that GABAergic neurons in cerebellar cell cultures possess GABA receptors which are involved in the regulation of evoked transmitter release.
Direct shear stresses and air velocity profiles on a mechanical wave boundary

Shear stresses of air on a rubber-sheet mechanical model of standing waves, stationary waves, and flat surface were measured directly and calculated from velocity profiles. Shear stresses varied as the 1.64 power of the main stream velocity and were less for the standing than for the stationary waves. The roughness length parameter was independent of the position on the surface and of the main stream velocity.
The azimuthal path of myosin V and its dependence on lever-arm length.

Myosin V (myoV) is a two-headed myosin capable of taking many successive steps along actin per diffusional encounter, enabling it to transport vesicular and ribonucleoprotein cargos in the dense and complex environment within cells. To better understand how myoV navigates along actin, we used polarized total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to examine angular changes of bifunctional rhodamine probes on the lever arms of single myoV molecules in vitro. With a newly developed analysis technique, the rotational motions of the lever arm and the local orientation of each probe relative to the lever arm were estimated from the probe’s measured orientation. This type of analysis could be applied to similar studies on other motor proteins, as well as other proteins with domains that undergo significant rotational motions. The experiments were performed on recombinant constructs of myoV that had either the native-length (six IQ motifs and calmodulins [CaMs]) or truncated (four IQ motifs and CaMs) lever arms. Native-length myoV-6IQ mainly took straight steps along actin, with occasional small azimuthal tilts around the actin filament. Truncated myoV-4IQ showed an increased frequency of azimuthal steps, but the magnitudes of these steps were nearly identical to those of myoV-6IQ. The results show that the azimuthal deflections of myoV on actin are more common for the truncated lever arm, but the range of these deflections is relatively independent of its lever-arm length.
Misspecified Structural Change, Threshold, and Markov-switching models

Sudden perturbations of a large amplitude occur frequently in macroeconomic and financial time series. A usual practice is to test linearity against a permanent structural change. However, changes can also be captured by nonlinear stationary models such that Threshold and Markov-switching models. In this paper, we show that tests designed for a threshold alternative have also power against parameter instability originating from Structural Change or Markov-switching models. On the other hand, it is shown that tests for structural change have no power if the data are generated by a Markov-switching or Threshold model. Therefore, it appears that testing the null of parameter stability against a threshold alternative is a robust way to detect parameter instability in economic and financial time series. A Monte Carlo analysis based on several models studied in the literature illustrates how the tests perform in practice.
Red‐cell hypoplasia and increased bone marrow reticulin in systemic lupus erythematosis: Reversal with corticosteroid therapy

A 29-year-old Chinese male developed severe aregenerative anemia. The bone marrow was diffusely hypercellular with increased marrow reticulin and a persistent failure of eryihroid differentiation beyond the pronormoblast stage. Although he did not manifest classic features of systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple serologic studies were in accord with this diagnosis. The patient's defect in erythropoiesis was studied by an in vitro technique for the growth of erythroid colonies. Despite the severe erythroid hypoplasia, the patient's marrow yielded abundant large erythroid colonies. Serum erythropoietin activity was high as judged by use of this in vitro assay. Although the patient's native serum did not affect colony formation, a separated IgG fraction was markedly inhibitory to colony growth. This suggests that the erythroid hypoplasia may have resulted from a unique autoantibody. The patient's hematologic abnormalities completely reversed following treatment with corticosteroids.
Automatic buffer sizing for rate-constrained KPN applications on multiprocessor system-on-chip

Multiprocessor System-on-Chip (MPSoC) has emerged as the most promising architecture for future embedded system designs, and Kahn Process Networks (KPN) have been shown to be an excellent solution to model applications for MPSoC because it allows maximum freedom in implementation. However, the effects of buffer sizing for KPN applications on MPSoC are not well investigated. Sizes for the bounded FIFOs affect the parallelism in the implementations and the performance of the systems. To the best of our knowledge, buffer sizing for performance optimization in MPSOC has not been addressed before. We propose an off-line automatic buffer sizing algorithm based on the rate constraints and the dependency information gathered from the profiled results. The algorithm can be applied to rate-constraint application such as MPEG-2 decoder to determine the minimum buffer sizes that satisfies the constraints. Our study shows that our algorithm can automatically size the buffers such that the total buffer usage is reduced by orders of magnitude for a given rate constraint.
Deformable Spatial Pyramid Matching for Fast Dense Correspondences

We introduce a fast deformable spatial pyramid (DSP) matching algorithm for computing dense pixel correspondences. Dense matching methods typically enforce both appearance agreement between matched pixels as well as geometric smoothness between neighboring pixels. Whereas the prevailing approaches operate at the pixel level, we propose a pyramid graph model that simultaneously regularizes match consistency at multiple spatial extents-ranging from an entire image, to coarse grid cells, to every single pixel. This novel regularization substantially improves pixel-level matching in the face of challenging image variations, while the "deformable" aspect of our model overcomes the strict rigidity of traditional spatial pyramids. Results on Label Me and Caltech show our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods (SIFT Flow [15] and Patch-Match [2]), both in terms of accuracy and run time.
A new approach to 3D shape recovery of local planar surface patches from shift-variant blurred images

A new approach is presented for 3D shape recovery of local planar surface patches from two shift/space-variant defocused images. It is based on a recently proposed technique for inverting the shift-variant blurring in a camera system. It is completely localized, applicable to general point spread functions, and facilitates fine-grain parallel implementation and computationally efficient recovery of 3D shape. The shape of a visible object at each pixel is specified by the distance and slopes of a local planar surface patch that approximates the object surface at that pixel. The theory underlying the new approach and experimental results are presented. Results of both simulation and real experiments indicate that the new approach is effective and useful in practical applications.
Heart Failure in Infective Endocarditis: Predisposing Factors, Course, and Treatment

A review of 144 episodes of infective endocarditis showed heart failure (HF) developing in 55 percent of patients; two-thirds of these had severe HF. HF developed in over 80 percent of patients with aortic valvular insufficiency and/or enterococcal infection, but in less than 20 percent of patients with congenital heart disease or tricuspid valvular infection. Half of the patients with mitral valvular insufficiency developed HF. Nearly 95 percent of those who developed severe HF within six months had some degree of premonitory HF within one month following admission; HF seldom developed de novo after six months. In patients with severe HF and mitral and/or aortic insufficiency, valve replacement was clearly superior to medical therapy alone, even when active infection was present. Because of the high mortality at operation in patients with uncontrolled severe HF, surgical intervention is recommended at the first signs that mild HF is worsening, regardless of the length of prior antibiotic therapy.
Resolution of Parvovirus Dimer Junctions Proceeds through a Novel Heterocruciform Intermediate

The minute virus of mice initiator protein, NS1, excises new copies of the left viral telomere in a single sequence orientation, dubbed flip, during resolution of the junction between monomer genomes in palindromic dimer intermediate duplexes. We examined this reaction in vitro using both (32)P-end-labeled linear substrates and similar unlabeled templates labeled by incorporation of [alpha-(32)P]TTP during the synthesis. The observed products suggest a resolution model that explains conservation of the hairpin sequence and in which a novel heterocruciform intermediate plays a crucial role. In vitro, NS1 initiates two replication pathways from OriL(TC), the single active origin embedded in one arm of the dimer junction. NS1-mediated nicking liberates a base-paired 3' nucleotide to prime DNA synthesis and, in a reaction we call "read-through synthesis," forks established while the substrate is a linear duplex synthesize DNA in the flop orientation, leading to DNA amplification but not to junction resolution. Nicking leaves NS1 covalently attached to the 5' end of the DNA, where it can serve as a 3'-to-5' helicase, unwinding the NS1-associated strand. In the second pathway, resolution substrates are created when such unwinding induces the palindrome to reconfigure into a cruciform prior to fork assembly. New forks can then synthesize DNA in the flip orientation, copying one cruciform arm and creating a heterocruciform intermediate. Resolution proceeds via hairpin transfer in the extended arm of the heterocruciform, which releases one covalently closed duplex telomere and a partially single-stranded junction intermediate. We suggest that the latter intermediate is finally resolved via an NS1-induced single-strand nick at the otherwise inactive origin, OriL(GAA).
Contestation in the Streets: European Protest and the Emerging Euro-Polity

Evidence of political contestation in the EU, largely drawn from public opinion data and party manifestos, is inconclusive concerning the degree to which attitudes toward the EU are inde-pendent fr...
WASTE TANK HEEL CHEMICAL CLEANING SUMMARY

At the Savannah River Site in Aiken, South Carolina, there are approximately 40 million gallons of legacy High Level Waste stored in large capacity sub-surface tanks. Twelve of these tanks are single-containment, non-conforming tanks with leaks. These tanks were built in the 1950s. Some of these tanks contain sludge heels and are being considered for near-term removal efforts and vitrification. Currently, only mechanical methods (i.e., pumps) are used to remove the sludge waste with varying degrees of success. To provide for additional levels of removal, chemically-aided techniques are being considered. The objective of the was to collect and evaluate information available on chemical-based methods for removing residual solids from the Site's waste tanks. As part of this study, the team was requested to develop recommendations for chemical treatments to remove residual heels (primarily sludge). Ideally, one agent alone would be efficient at dissolving all residual tank heels and yet satisfy all safety and process concerns. No such chemical cleaning agent was found. The cleaning agents identified from the literature, included oxalic acid, a mixture of oxalic acid and citric acid, a combination of oxalic acid with hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, formic acid, and organics. A criteria matrix for evaluating themore » various cleaning agents was developed. The results of the evaluation conclusively support oxalic acid as the cleaning agent of choice for the immediate future. Oxalic acid scored nearly double the next closest cleaning agent. Nitric acid, formic acid, and oxalic acid with hydrogen peroxide were all closely grouped for the next best choice. The mixture of oxalic acid and citric acid rated poorly. Organics rated even more poorly due to large uncertainties in performance and downstream impacts.« less
Regularizing a vortex sheet near a separation point

Current methods for computing vortex sheet separation use a regularization parameter which is discontinuous from the body to the vortex sheet. We propose two methods for reducing the errors associated with the discontinuity and improving convergence with respect to the regularization parameter. The ''velocity smoothing'' method is the simpler of the two, and removes the discontinuity in regularization from one of the two equations where it occurs. The ''tapered smoothing'' method removes the discontinuity from both equations. In a model problem, both methods are found to converge much more rapidly (with exponents 3/2 and 2 versus 1/2 for the standard method) as the regularization parameter tends to zero. Unsteady algorithms are proposed for evolving the free sheet using the two methods, and are tested in a benchmark problem. Accuracy is significantly improved for similar computational expense.
A local existence and uniqueness theorem for a K-BKZ-fluid

We consider the three-dimensional motion of a viscoelastic liquid occupying all of space. The constitutive law is assumed to be of the form suggested by Kaye [13] and Bernstein, Kearsley & Zapas [2]. An existence and uniqueness result for solutions of the initial value problem on sufficiently short time intervals is proved using Kato's theory of quasilinear hyperbolic equations.
Circuit techniques for achieving high speed-high resolution A/D conversion

A 12 bit, 25 /spl mu/s, analog-to-digital converter has been successfully integrated on two process-compatible junction-isolated chips. One chip contains a 200 ns digital-to-analog converter with reference, while the other contains the comparator, an I/SUP 2/L successive-approximation register, multiplexed three-state T/SUP 2/L output buffers, and a controller designed to interface directly to several common microprocessors. The authors describe several innovations which allow this degree of integration at the 12 bit accuracy level.
Phenology of Grape Berry Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Cultivated Grape at Selected Geographic Locations

Thegrapeberry moth, Endopiza viteana (Clemens) feeds on wild and cultivated Vitis spp., causing economic damage in the latter. We studied incidence of pheromone trap catch data, and combined this with previous work on development and diapause to construct a comprehensive model of thetemporal dynamics of E. viteana. We explored the behavior of this model in six eastern United States locations along Lakes Erie and Michigan, the Finger Lakes in New York, and in Missouri and Virginia. Voltinism of E. viteana is insuenced by the accumulated growing degree-days before the postsummer solstice photoperiod at which eggs develop exclusively into diapausing pupae. Our model generally predicted two full and a partial third generation in Geneva, NY, whereas partial fourth generations existed in vineyards along Lakes Erie and Michigan. In more southern latitudes, such as Missouri and Virginia, the absence of a partial fourth generation would be rare. Also, our model suggested the presence of clinal latitudinal variation in diapause induction, with southern populations of E. viteana responding to shorter daylengths than northern populations. These predictions, based on average 10-yr surface temperatures (1991Ð2000), are supported by past observations and explain the variability in voltinism from year to year that has been reported in the northeastern United States and Niagara Peninsula of Canada.
Modeling of adsorption isotherms and kinetics of uranium sorption by magnetic ion imprinted polymers

Application of magnetic U(VI) ion imprinted polymers (IIPs) coated on magnetic nanoparticles was investigated for pre-concentration and determination of U(VI) ions in aqueous solutions. The scanning electron micrographs revealed the microporosity of the adsorbent. Uranium leaching was successful as the energy-dispersive X-ray spectra showed. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area improved by more than 13-fold (83.1 and 6.2 m2 g−1 for the leached and unleached magnetic IIP, respectively). U(VI) uptake was optimized using batch experiments with parameters affecting the uptake performance, such as initial uranium concentration, pH, contact time, and adsorbent dose investigated. Pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model best fitted the experimental data. The maximum adsorption capacity of uranium onto the activated magnetic IIP reached 5.4 mg g−1. The selectivity order was determined to be U(VI) > Ni(II) > Th(IV).
Angular relations of alkali feldspar series and the triclinic-monoclinic displacive transformation

One measure of monoclinic geometry in alkali feldspars is the angle @ between b ard b*. Monoclinic geometry is possessed if 6 is zero, likewise if the function (l - cos S) is zero. This function has been found to behave linearly with composition for triclinic members of various alkali feldspar series and is a parameter which can be usld to calculate triclinic-monoclinic transformation compositions, temperatures, and pressures. During the present investigation, linear least-squares flts of (l - cos {) as a function of mole fraction KAlSi3O8 were used to calculate transformation compositions for various ion-exchange and synthesis series based on data collected at room temperature and pressure. Transformation compositions using this method are significantly less potassic than those estimated previously by others from observations of peak broadening and splitting on X-ray powder diffraction charts. Furthennore, transformation composition becomes less potassic with increased Al-Si order of the feldspar series. This implies for an individual topochemically monoclinic alkali feldspar that transformation temperature decreases as Al-Si order increases. The critical parameter associated with the transformation seems to be unit-cell volume, as opposed to particular values of individual unit-cell dimensions. Structural changes related to the triclinic-monoclinic transformation in relatively disordered series are apparently paralleled in microcline-low albite series, even though the latter cannot attain monoclinic symmetry.
Dicing up T-ALL

In this issue of Blood, Junker et al delineate a novel signaling axis involving miR-21 and the tumor suppressor Pdcd4 that is essential for Notch-mediated induction of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL).
Effects of Different Models on Natural Frequencies of Short Span Bridges Used in High Speed Rail

The natural frequencies of vibration of short span bridges used in high-speed rail were investigated. Three different models of increasing complexity were evaluated and their effects on the vibration frequency were compared to the first basic model of simply supported Euler-Bernoulli beam.In the second and third cases, the bridge was modeled as an Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam supported at its two ends by identical spring elements with an equivalent vertical stiffness to simulate elastomeric bearings and soil foundation. The boundary value problem was solved numerically to extract the bridge eigenfrequencies. In the case of Euler-Bernoulli beam, curve fitting techniques were used to deduce accurate simple empirical formulae to calculate the first six natural frequencies of an elastically supported bridge. In the case of a Timoshenko beam, graphical solutions were proposed to compute the fundamental frequency. Results confirmed that the use of Timoshenko beam theory reduces the natural frequency and the consideration of flexible supports further decreases the natural frequency.In the fourth model, the interaction of the track and the bridge was included. The bridge was modeled as an elastically supported beam and the track was modeled as a spring-damper element with an equivalent vertical stiffness resulting from track components like rail pads, cross-ties and ballast. A parametric study was performed to analyze the effects of the track stiffness on the natural frequencies of the bridge. Graphical solutions were presented to quantify the change of the normalized natural frequencies of the system with the increase in the track modulus. Results indicated that the changes in the track modulus have no significant effects in models with rigid supports. A decrease in the fundamental frequency was noticeable with softer track modulus as the support flexibility increased.© 2015 ASME
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with e1a2 BCR-ABL fusion transcript type: Analysis of characteristics, outcomes, and prognostic significance

7030 Background: The most common BCR-ABL fusion transcripts in CML are e13a2 (b2a2) and e14a2 (b3a2). Rarely, other transcripts like e1a2 are seen. Currently, there is no published series of data o...
Bioterrorism preparedness coordination: an ataxic saga continues.

16 Public Health Reports / January–February 2004 / Volume 119 In spite of successes achieved in the war on terrorism and notwithstanding the tremendous investments recently made in our nation’s security, an undercurrent of uneasiness still exists among those engaged in preparedness. As the 1990s drew to a close, recognition of the emerging threat of bioterrorism accelerated. The call went out heralding the need for closer collaboration among federal, state, and local agencies to combat this threat.1,2 Academicians, advisory committees, and government auditors agreed that better coordination is needed at all levels of government.3–5 In 2001, we observed our first bioterrorism fatalities and experienced an unprecedented spending campaign to prepare for future attacks. In spite of our best efforts, we in public health are still apprehensive. In spite of our progress toward better preparedness, we lack confidence in our efforts. There is cause for this anxiety. The barriers to enhancing our collaborations are deeply ingrained in our federal spending processes. On January 31, 2002, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) sent letters to state governors outlining how much money each state would receive from the $2.9 billion bioterrorism appropriations bill that President Bush had signed into law three weeks earlier. From receipt of that announcement, the states were given only six weeks to submit a detailed plan for responding to a bioterrorism attack or other public health emergency and strengthening core public health capacities related to preparedness.6 Although the sense of urgency is understandable given the events of 2001, this was not an effective approach for promoting the necessary collaboration among federal, state, and local governments. Furthermore, these funding infusions do not generate sustainable progress for public health preparedness. This funding approach only causes further division and duplication of efforts. The timeline for states to respond to DHHS was so severely compressed that there was little coordination between the states and those working on preparedness at the local level. Each state was required to conduct separate needs assessments for the preparedness training of their health care and public health workforce. Rather than mandating this assessment by each of the 50 states, Bioterrorism Preparedness Coordination: An Ataxic Saga Continues
A phase I clinical study of biweekly carboplatin and gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors

12024 Background: Carboplatin (CBDCA) and gemcitabine (GEM) in combination is used commonly in lung cancer and is administered on a 21 day cycle. The purpose of this study was to determine the maxi...
Development and Testing of a Nanotech Nuclear Battery for Powering MEMS Devices

The paper describes a micronuclear battery that utilizes the conversion of beta particles into photons and back into electrons through a photoelectric cell to potentially deliver a nuclear battery ...
Pause-dependent paroxysmal phase-4 atrioventricular block.

An elderly man with hypertension and dyslipidaemia presented with an episode of syncope. Initial ECG showed normal sinus rhythm with ventricular rate of 47 bpm, PR interval of 184 ms, QRS duration of 96 ms, left anterior fascicular block and 2:1 atrioventricular (AV) block (figure 1), which subsequently reverted to 1:1 AV conduction. Cardiac monitoring during hospital stay revealed a period of prolonged ventricular asystole secondary to pause-dependent paroxysmal AV block (PAVB) (figure 2). The patient underwent dual chamber pacemaker implantation and was discharged without complications. Figure 1 Twelve-lead ECG showing normal sinus rhythm with 2:1 atrioventricular (AV) block, ventricular rate of 47 bpm, PR interval of 184 ms, QRS duration …
World Wars, Global Wars, and the Cool Hand Luke Syndrome: A Reply to Chase-Dunn and Sokolovsky

Journal exchanges can assume a number of forms ranging from vituperative and ill-tempered accusations and counter-accusations to the more constructive give and take of different information bases, theoretical insights, and perspectives. We have clearly avoided the former pole in this exchange an outcome which I do not find surprising given the identity of my 'adversaries' but I am not sure to what extent we have managed to approach the more rewarding latter pole. Indeed, it may be that we are simply talking past one another rather than actually exchanging anything. I am quite sure my own comments are in need of further elaboration, but instead of pursuing that end at this time I would rather speculate briefly on why we seem to be engaging in what might be termed the 'Cool Hand Luke' syndromethat is, failing to communicate. The easiest explanation is that we have nothing to communicate other than prodding for clarification. I doubt that this is the case. We do agree, as Chase-Dunn and Sokolovsky note, that stability and systemic change must be understood historically and that the periodic emergence of a preponderant economic, political and military power is a crucial fulcrum in developing an historical explanation and understanding of world-system dynamics. These mutually shared premises are not yet all that popularly accepted. As an analytical minority, we therefore need to monitor what different schools of world-system thought are producing-especially in an embryonic phase of theory construction. For example, some of the global war observations that I have advanced did not spring full blown from existing long cycle theory. Rather, they emerged from the process of trying to pin down what bothered me about Chase-Dunn's (1981) treatment of systemic warfare. Chase-Dunn's article was therefore instrumental in nudging me into trying to improve my own understanding of global wars. A more promising explanation of our failure to communicate involves an appreciation of our somewhat different priorities. Global wars are far more important to the long cycle framework than wars in general are to the world economy school of thought. This difference stems from basic differences in the two alternative approaches to explaining the development of the world system. The world economy framework focuses on capitalism and capital accumulation as the fundamental motors of systemic change. Other processes and events, as a consequence, tend to be relegated to subordinate, less central concerns. In the case of war, Chase-Dunn and Sokolovsky now emphasize that 'world wars' perform several functions for the system: the struggle for control or dominance, the facilitation of mobility and the development of new structures of power,
Designing fair 8- and 16-team knockout tournaments

In an eight-team single-elimination tournament without reseeding, teams are seeded from best (1) to worst (8). Teams 1/8, 4/5, 2/7 and 3/6 are paired in the first round, with the 1/8 winner facing the 4/5winner in the second round and so on. However, such tournaments are potentially unfair in the sense that inferior teams can be more likely to advance to certain stages of the tournament than better teams. Forinstance, if the top five teams are comparable in strength and are markedly better than the bottom three teams, then seeds 2 and 3 may be more likely to advance to the finals than team 1. We assign each teama unique power value and assume that the victory probability in a match-up is proportional to the teams' powers.We investigate properties of fair tournaments and formulate a non-linear optimization model thatprescribes a fair tournament given the relative strengths of the teams involved. Although the problem is highly non-convex, we demonstrate how to consistently obtain all fair tournaments for 8- and 16-teamproblems.