cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The DSM-5 and the Continuing Transformation of Normal Sadness Into Depressive Disorder

For millennia, diagnosticians distinguished natural sadness that arose from social circumstances from depressive disorders that were disproportionate to their contexts. In 1980, the DSM-III transformed this tradition through equating depressive disorders with symptoms without regard to context. Nevertheless, it excluded grieving people without especially severe or enduring symptoms from diagnosis. Subsequently, considerable empirical research indicated that bereavement was not unique but a model for all stressor-maintained conditions. Yet, despite the evidence showing that the causes, prognoses, and optimal treatments for context-specific depressions differ from those that aren’t, the DSM-5 removed the bereavement exclusion from the diagnostic criteria for major depression. This article considers the reasons behind this elimination and its implications for the research, labeling, and treatment of depression.
The Comparison of AMSR-E Brightness Temperature with Ground-based Observation on the North Slope

Advanced microwave scanning radiometer - EOS (AMSR-E) brightness temperature observations of the North Slope, Alaska are synthesized using an improved Backus-Gilbert algorithm and compared to the standard brightness temperature product for AMSR-E. This algorithm improves the spatial resolution for the 6 GHz and 10 GHz channels by taking advantage of the oversampling of these two frequencies, which allows a tradeoff between noise and spatial resolution. Nearly circular synthesized footprints for all channels are achieved by using a circular Gaussian reference footprint. Our synthetic observations differed from the standard AMSR-E products at 19 and 37 GHz where the scales of surface heterogeneities become important. The synthesized AMSR-E observations are compared with ground-based data collected during the Tenth Radiobrightness Energy Balance Experiment (REBEX10) conducted from May to June of 2004 near Toolik Lake on the North Slope. Plot-scale and satellite resolution scale observations differed at both 6 and 19 GHz caused by sensitivity to scale- dependent hydrologic processes.
Predictors of Multitasking with Media: Media Factors and Audience Factors

In this research, multitasking with media is defined as an audience behavior that combines media use with another non-media activity. This study examines (a) the prevalence and patterns of multitasking among 14- to 16-year-olds and (b) the media and audience factors that predict such behavior. Consistent with previous research, this study found that youth frequently multitask with media. Both (a) ownership of media in bedrooms as a media factor and (b) sensation seeking as an audience factor were found to be significant predictors of multitasking with media. The theoretical and practical implications of the study are further discussed.
Should We Tell Annie? Preparing for Death at the Intersection of Parental Authority and Adolescent Autonomy

This case analysis examines the pediatric clinical ethics issues of adolescent autonomy and parental authority in medical decision-making. The case involves a dying adolescent whose parents request that the medical team withhold diagnosis and prognosis information from the patient. The analysis engages two related ethical questions: Should Annie be given information about her medical condition? And, who is the proper decision-maker in Annie's case? Ultimately, four practical recommendations are offered.
Contaminated fish consumption in California's Central Valley Delta.

Extensive mercury contamination and angler selection of the most contaminated fish species coincide in California’s Central Valley. This has led to a policy conundrum: how to balance the economic and cultural impact of advising subsistence anglers to eat less fish with the economic cost of reducing the mercury concentrations in fish? State agencies with regulatory and other jurisdictional authority lack sufficient data and have no consistent approach to this problem. The present study focused on a critical and contentious region in California’s Central Valley (the Sacramento–San Joaquin Rivers Delta) where mercury concentrations in fish and subsistence fishing rates are both high. Anglers and community members were surveyed for their fish preferences, rates of consumption, the ways that they receive health information, and basic demographic information. The rates of fish consumption for certain ethnicities were higher than the rates used by state agencies for planning pollution remediation. A broad range of ethnic groups were involved in catching and eating fish. The majority of anglers reported catching fish in order to feed to their families, including children and women of child-bearing age. There were varied preferences for receiving health information and no correlation between knowledge of fish contamination and rates of consumption. Calculated rates of mercury intake by subsistence anglers were well above the EPA reference dose. The findings here support a comprehensive policy strategy of involvement of the diverse communities in decision-making about education and clean-up and an official recognition of subsistence fishers in the region.
Theme of current journal issue: Anxiety disorders across the lifespan

The papers presented in this issue of Anxiety document various aspects of vulnerability to, and consequences of, anxiety disorders in subjects from different periods of the lifespan. Several themes are represented in one or more of these studies, (1) effects of anxiety disorders on quality of life, (2) effects on presentation and outcome of comorbid depression, and (3) the role of learning processes and early experiences, including abuse, attachment disturbances and personality disorders, in the ongoing predilection to anxiety disorders. We encourage clinicians and researchers to take a life course perspective in working with anxiety disorder patients, in order to better understand, prevent and treat these debilitating conditions.
A Prize Problem in Coding Theory

In this short note, we describe one of the long-standing open problems in algebraic coding theory, i.e., whether there exists a binary self-dual [72,36,16] code.
B-SSCT: A block sequential spectrum sensing scheme for cognitive radio

Recently, it has been shown that in comparison to the well-known energy detection scheme, the sequential shifted chi-square test (SSCT) is capable of delivering considerable reduction on the average sample number (ASN) while maintaining a comparable detection error performance for spectrum sensing. Nonetheless, SSCT needs to perform threshold comparisons on every received sample, which may be difficult or even infeasible in practice particularly when the sampling rate is high and/or the signal-to-noise ratio is low. This paper proposes an extension of SSCT, called block-wise SSCT (B-SSCT), to overcome this shortcoming. Numerical algorithms are applied to evaluate the false-alarm and miss-detection probabilities and the ASN of B-SSCT, in a recursive fashion. Simulation and numerical results show that compared to the original SSCT, B-SSCT is capable of achieving almost the same detection error performance with a significantly reduced number of threshold comparisons and a slightly increased ASN. An implementation example demonstrates potential practical feasibility of B-SSCT in a real environment.
Influence of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Degradation Products and Orthophosphate on Uptake of Deoxynucleosides in Pneumococcus Type III

Firshein, William (Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn.), and Bernadette A. Gargan. Influence of deoxyribonucleic acid degradation products and orthophosphate on uptake of deoxynucleosides in pneumococcus type III. J. Bacteriol. 90:337–342. 1965.—The uptake of specific C14-deoxynucleosides by a type III encapsulated (virulent) strain of pneumococcus in resting-cell suspensions is enhanced when such deoxynucleosides are added as part of a supplement consisting of other deoxynucleosides, deoxynucleotides, an oligo(deoxy)nucleotide fraction derived from a deoxyribonuclease-treated calf-thymus deoxyribonucleic acid, and orthophosphate. Ribonucleic acid degradation products or yeast extract are ineffective in this respect. Mixtures of deoxynucleosides and deoxynucleotides stimulate uptake of a specific deoxynucleoside during early stages of incubation, whereas orthophosphate and, to a limited extent, the oligonucleotides stimulate uptake during later stages of incubation. The stimulated uptake of specific deoxynucleosides can be abolished by adding chloramphenicol.
Global modeling approach for prematched multifinger FET

A scalable lumped-element equivalent circuit of a prematched, multifinger FET cell is proposed. The model is derived using a global modeling approach that exploits both circuit and full-wave analysis, accounting for phase delay along gate and drain manifolds. The availability of such a model is useful to perform fast performance analysis and optimization of the prematching network. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 174–178, 2002.
Some examples of the communication of risk and uncertainty

SUMMARY Definitions are set down and results of analyses of communication of risk and uncertainty are presented for the fields of wildfires, earthquakes and space debris. These are all fields of some societal importance. Also there is discussion of methods of evaluating and displaying estimates of risk estimates’ uncertainty. Copyright # 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Practical Considerations in the Implementation of the French-Holden Algorithm for Sampling of Neuronal Spike Trains

The French-Holden algorithm (1), (2), (3) provides a sampled data time series representation of a neuronal spike train in order to facilitate subsequent analyses by conventional signal processing techniques. Two characteristics of this filtering algorithm make the choice of data record length particularly important: (a) an ideal, sharp cutoff filter is used on the spike train, and (b) the Nyquist sampling frequency is chosen exactly equal to the filter cutoff frequency. In this note, sources of distortion and aliasing errors due to finite data records are discussed and guidelines for the selection of minimum record length are given.
A Model for the MHD Turbulence in the Earth’s Plasma Sheet: Building Computer Simulations

The MHD turbulence of the Earth’s plasma sheet in the magnetotail has been examined by satellite measurements of magnetic fields and plasma flows; the measured properties of this turbulence are reviewed. A theoretical analysis indicates that the MHD turbulence in the plasma sheet is a very unusual turbulence because of (1) the very limited range of spatial scales available for MHD flows and (2) the dissipation of vorticity by magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling, which introduces (a) a time dependence to the rate-of-dissipation of a flow, (b) dissipation at all spatial scales, and (c) dissipation rates that depend on the sign of the vorticity. Using a theoretical analysis of flows in the magnetotail and using some transmission-line experiments, two computational models of the plasma-sheet turbulence are being constructed to study the basic properties of this unconventional turbulence. These computational models are discussed extensively. New aspects of the study of plasma-sheet turbulence that are contained in this report are (a) corrected estimates of the Alfvenicity of the turbulence, (b) a strengthened argument that Alfven waves are not important for the dynamics of the turbulence (i.e. that it is a 2D turbulence), (c) an extended discussion about the time dependence of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling, (d) a description of transmission-line experiments performed to clarify some properties of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling, and (e) a discussion of numerics for building computer simulations of the magnetotail turbulence.
A Two-Dimensional Structure Factor Calculation for the Cu-1 Plane in YBa2Cu3O6

The anisotropic radial distribution function and two-dimensional (2D) structure factor was calculated for the Cu-1 plane in YBa2Cu3O6+x when x ≈ 0, based on data generated by a molecular dynamics simulation. The results indicate a stable square lattice and support the validity of layered two-dimensional screened Coulomb potential used in the simulation.
Privacy rules for DNA databanks : protecting coded future diaries

In privacy terms, genetic information is like medical information. But the information contained in the DNA molecule itself is more sensitive because it contains an individual's probabilistic "future diary," is written in a code that has only partially been broken, and contains information about an individual's parents, siblings, and children. Current rules for protecting the privacy of medical information cannot protect either genetic information or identifiable DNA samples stored in DNA databanks. A review of the legal and public policy rationales for protecting genetic privacy suggests that specific enforceable privacy rules for DNA databanks are needed. Four preliminary rules are proposed to govern the creation of DNA databanks, the collection of DNA samples for storage, limits on the use of information derived from the samples, and continuing obligations to those whose DNA samples are in the databanks.
Application of load cell barrier data to assess vehicle crash performance and compatibility

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration routinely measures the force exerted on the barrier in crash tests. Thirty-six load cells on the face of the rigid barrier measure the force. This study examines the load cell barrier data collected during recent years of testing to determine how it can be used to assess vehicle structural crash characteristics and vehicle compatibility in car-to-car crashes. To illustrate the value of the data, the load cell measurements for a sport utility vehicle are compared with a small car. The proposed aggressiveness metrics for frontal crash modes are the force at 250 mm of crush, the linear stiffness at various levels of crush, and the height of the center of force at 250 mm of crush. For front-to-side vehicle crashes, some additional metrics are proposed. The force distribution when the loading is sufficient to cause intrusion of the side door is proposed as the basis for a metric. A high percentage of force on the lowest rows is indicative of sill loading, which should be favorable. A high percentage of force on the highest rows of load cells is indicative of intrusion in the region of the occupant's thorax, which should be unfavorable. The presence of loading in the upper row of load cells at any time during the crash is indicative of a high hood, which could be the source of head impacts.
Neurosurgical Training at Present and in the Next Century

There have been three great advances in medical education implemented in this century and they in turn were dependent upon two important advances which occurred in the last century. The first of these fundamental changes was the development of the concept of the research university. The famous Humboldt Report which appeared in the early part of the 19th century called for research in the university as a part of educational reform, and a new university was established in Berlin based upon the principles embodied in the report. Daniel Coit Gilman was a graduate student at that university and a quarter century later had the opportunity to found the first research university in the United States. Gilman was asked to become the first president of the newly founded Johns Hopkins University, and so based upon the concept of the university as a place for the generation of new knowledge, could develop it. Previously the great universities were simply repositories of knowledge. Now, that this model is universal throughout the world, it is difficult to believe what an enormous change this was. The university system was more than 2,000 years old and it changed very little in a millennium. Our current system, which we all take for granted, is actually barely 100 years old [1,2].
TouchLogger: inferring keystrokes on touch screen from smartphone motion

Attacks that use side channels, such as sound and electromagnetic emanation, to infer keystrokes on physical keyboards are ineffective on smartphones without physical keyboards. We describe a new side channel, motion, on touch screen smartphones with only soft keyboards. Since typing on different locations on the screen causes different vibrations, motion data can be used to infer the keys being typed. To demonstrate this attack, we developed TouchLogger, an Android application that extracts features from device orientation data to infer keystrokes. TouchLogger correctly inferred more than 70% of the keys typed on a number-only soft keyboard on a smartphone. We hope to raise the awareness of motion as a significant side channel that may leak confidential data.
COMPARISON OF APPLICATION METHODS FOR TOBACCO BUDWORM CONTROL, 2010

Anthranilic diamide insecticides, two of which have recently been registered for use in tobacco, may be more persistent in plant tissue and move within leaf tissue to a great extent than other registered chemistries. These characteristics may allow anthranilic diamaide insecticides to be applied using different methods than standard materials used against TBW. Standard insecticide application methods for TBW control recommend a volume of 30 gpa water applied with 60 psi pressure using solid or hollow cone nozzles. Using one of the registered anthranilic diamaide insecticides registered in tobacco (Belt, Bayer CropScience) applied at a rate of 3.0 fl oz/acre, we compared 4 application volumes (5, 10, 20, and 50 gpa water) applied at 2 pressures (30 and 60 psi) to determine if applications at lower volumes and pressures were as effective as those at higher volumes with greater pressure. Greenhouse grown tobacco plants were transplanted on 4 May. Plants were treated with 0.8 fl oz/1000 plants Admire Pro 5 d prior to transplant to control early season tobacco flea beetle (Epitrix hirtipennis) and green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) populations. Four row plots, 50 ft in length, were established immediately after transplant. Plots were 0.018 acres each. Each treatment was replicated 4 times, and plots were arranged in an RCBD, blocked by replicate. Six wk after transplant, 10 plants each in rows 2 and 3 of each plot were infested with laboratory reared 2 instar TBW larvae, purchased as eggs from Chesapeake PERL (Savage, MD). Treatments were applied the d after larval infestation. Larval survival and leaf area consumed were rated 3, 7, and 14 d after foliar treatments were applied. Treatments were applied using a single nozzle boom fitted with a TG3 solid cone tip and powered by a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer. Data were analyzed via Proc Mixed (SAS v. 9.1.3; Cary, NC) with replicate as a random variable. Each date was analyzed separately, not as a repeated measure.
Applicability of the HeLa (Gey) Strain of Human Malignant Epithelial Cells to the Propagation of Arboviruses.

SummaryThese studies have shown that the HeLa cell strain in fluid media is a satisfactory host cell system for arbovirus titrations as well as for neutralization tests. Of 94 arbovirus strains tested, 89 grouped as well as ungrouped viruses caused constant and regularly occurring destructive changes in HeLa cells. Partial destruction of the cell sheet was observed with one-third of the viruses tested, subtotal necrosis with another third and total necrosis with the remainder. In one instance, the cytopathic effect progressed only to a stage characterized by presence of multiple focal areas of necrosis. In 5 instances, no CPE was obtained. As far as tested, specific antiserum prevented development of CPE. Fifty-four strains were propagated serially without difficulty.
Synthesis of Nucleic Acid and Protein in the Boll Weevil Fed with Busulfan

Busulfan (Myleran® (1,4-butanediol dimethanesulfonate)) fed to Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) inhibited the biosynthesis of DNA and of protein but not the biosynthesis of RNA. Treatment with busulfan did not affect the excretion of 14CO2 from weevils injected with uridine-2C or thymidine- 214C, but it did appear to affect the rate of excretion of 14CO3 from weevils injected with lysine-14C(U). Sterility in the boll weevil therefore results in part from this inhibition of biosynthesis.
On the. Psychophysical power function in electric shock

The subjective estimation of shock strength is more similar to that of other skin modalities than previously thought, but the exponent of the power function for electric shock is largely determined by the techniques used to assess it.
Neurotransmitter Detection Using Corona Phase Molecular Recognition on Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Sensors

Temporal and spatial changes in neurotransmitter concentrations are central to information processing in neural networks. Therefore, biosensors for neurotransmitters are essential tools for neuroscience. In this work, we applied a new technique, corona phase molecular recognition (CoPhMoRe), to identify adsorbed polymer phases on fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) that allow for the selective detection of specific neurotransmitters, including dopamine. We functionalized and suspended SWCNTs with a library of different polymers (n = 30) containing phospholipids, nucleic acids, and amphiphilic polymers to study how neurotransmitters modulate the resulting band gap, near-infrared (nIR) fluorescence of the SWCNT. We identified several corona phases that enable the selective detection of neurotransmitters. Catecholamines such as dopamine increased the fluorescence of specific single-stranded DNA- and RNA-wrapped SWCNTs by 58-80% upon addition of 100 μM dopamine depending on the SWCNT chirality (n,m). In solution, the limit of detection was 11 nM [K(d) = 433 nM for (GT)15 DNA-wrapped SWCNTs]. Mechanistic studies revealed that this turn-on response is due to an increase in fluorescence quantum yield and not covalent modification of the SWCNT or scavenging of reactive oxygen species. When immobilized on a surface, the fluorescence intensity of a single DNA- or RNA-wrapped SWCNT is enhanced by a factor of up to 5.39 ± 1.44, whereby fluorescence signals are reversible. Our findings indicate that certain DNA/RNA coronae act as conformational switches on SWCNTs, which reversibly modulate the SWCNT fluorescence. These findings suggest that our polymer-SWCNT constructs can act as fluorescent neurotransmitter sensors in the tissue-compatible nIR optical window, which may find applications in neuroscience.
Tweeting Facts, Facebooking Lives: The Influence of Language Use and Modality on Online Source Credibility

The present study examines how language use (e.g., personalized vs. depersonalized language) and modality (e.g., tweets vs. Facebook status updates) influence source credibility interdependently. A total of 257 participants read personalized or depersonalized health messages embedded in mock-up tweets or Facebook status updates. The results show that users perceive depersonalized tweets as more credible than depersonalized status updates posted on Facebook. On the other hand, personalized status updates on Facebook generate higher credibility judgments than personalized tweets. The findings are discussed in light of the MAIN model as well as the preconceived user expectations and communication norms of social media.
ppGpp Binding to a Site at the RNAP-DksA Interface Accounts for Its Dramatic Effects on Transcription Initiation during the Stringent Response

Summary Throughout the bacterial domain, the alarmone ppGpp dramatically reprograms transcription following nutrient limitation. This "stringent response" is critical for survival and antibiotic tolerance and is a model for transcriptional regulation by small ligands. We report that ppGpp binds to two distinct sites 60 A apart on E. coli RNA polymerase (RNAP), one characterized previously (site 1) and a second identified here at an interface of RNAP and the transcription factor DksA (site 2). The location and unusual tripartite nature of site 2 account for the DksA-ppGpp synergism and suggest mechanisms for ppGpp enhancement of DksA's effects on RNAP. Site 2 binding results in the majority of ppGpp's effects on transcription initiation in vitro and in vivo, and strains lacking site 2 are severely impaired for growth following nutritional shifts. Filling of the two sites at different ppGpp concentrations would expand the dynamic range of cellular responses to changes in ppGpp levels.
Infants Prefer Female Body Phenotypes; Infant Girls Prefer They Have an Hourglass Shape

Adolescents and adults show preferences for male and female body shapes consistent with evolutionary theories of reproductive fitness and mate selection. However, when these preferences for females with narrow waists (i.e., 0.7 waist-to-hip ratio) and men with broad shoulders (i.e., mesomorphic body shape) emerge during the lifespan is largely unknown. To address this knowledge gap, eye-movements were tracked in 144 infants (3 to 18 months of age) during computer presentation of three-dimensional human figures varying in body features thought relevant for reproductive success (e.g., secondary sex characteristics, waist-to-hip ratio). When presented with pairs of figures differing in apparent sex, male and female infants looked significantly longer at the female figure compared to the male figure, a new finding that extends previous research showing preferences for female faces in infancy. When presented with same-sex figures differing in characteristics associated with mate value, male and female infants looked longer at a low mate value male (i.e., an endomorphic body type) compared to a high mate value male (i.e., a mesomorphic body type), a finding that replicates the results of previous research. In addition, the novel use of high and low mate value female figures showed a sex difference in visual attention, such that female infants looked longer at the high mate value female figure compared to the low mate female figure whereas male infants showed the opposite pattern of results. In sum, these findings suggest that infants generally do not possess preferences for adult-defined attractive male body shapes. However, infant girls’ greater attention to a female figure with an adult-preferred waist-to-hip ratio raises the possibility that evolved preferences for 0.7 waist-to-hip ratio influence girls’ later preference for toys representing females with an hourglass shape, perhaps supporting elaboration of adult social behaviors that enhance reproductive success (e.g., cooperative breeding).
Optical technique for broadband microwave absorption spectroscopy in aqueous media

Precise measurements of microwave absorption over a large range of frequencies in aqueous media are difficult to obtain1-3 and can result in conflicting results as a consequence of small differences in instrumentation.
Small Business Bankruptcy

Bankruptcy is the legal process by which financially distressed firms and individuals resolve their debts. It is an important part of the legal environment for small business owners and their lenders because small businesses are very risky and often fail and because bankruptcy law affects how business owners and their lenders are treated in the event of failure. Both personal and corporate bankruptcy law are relevant for most small businesses, as even when businesses are incorporated, lenders often require that business owners personally guarantee loans to the business. This article discusses theoretical models and empirical tests of how bankruptcy law affects small business, including the effects of bankruptcy law on incentives to start and remain in business, how bankruptcy law affects small business credit, and whether bankruptcy law leads to efficient decisions concerning whether failing businesses reorganize or liquidate. Research using small business data from both the United States and other countr...
The influence of test-based accountability policies on school climate and teacher stress across four states

Abstract This study examined the relationship of test-based accountability policies on teacher stress and school climate across four states in the United States. Structural equation modeling of data from 6428 teachers found that increased accountability pressure predicted increased stress in the environment, curriculum-related stress, teacher stress in general, and teacher stress specific to testing. Increased accountability pressures were associated with more negative student-to-student relationships, which were also associated with increased teacher stress. This study provides evidence across multiple states that test-based accountability policies may have a negative relationship with school climate and teacher stress. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Brain Damage and Violence

The neurologist’s role in understanding violence and brain damage as a neurological defense of violent crime are reviewed by neurologists at Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
Evidence for phase-based psychotherapy as a treatment for dissociative identity disorder comorbid with major depressive disorder and alcohol dependence

ABSTRACTWe report on the treatment and successful outcome of a 58-year-old Native American male with a history of complex trauma presenting with dissociative identity disorder (DID) and major depressive disorder. The treatment included a trauma-informed phase-based psychotherapy as recommended by the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation for treating DID. We assessed symptoms at baseline and at three additional time points over the course of 14 months. We utilized the Reliable Change Index to examine statistically significant change in symptoms over the course of treatment. Significant symptom improvements were realized posttreatment across all measured domains of functioning, including dissociative symptoms, alcohol abuse, depression, anxiety, and emotion regulation skills. Moreover, the client no longer met criteria for DID, major depressive disorder, or alcohol abuse. Results are discussed in terms of the effectiveness of trauma-focused, phase-based treatment for DID for cases ...
Queen Victoria: A Life of Contradictions. By Matthew Dennison. (New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press, 2013. Pp. xiv, 184. $22.95.)

Back in 2007, Matthew Dennison provided The Last Princess, a study of Princess Beatrice, the youngest of Queen Victoria's nine children. It was a sympathetic, well‐informed, attractively illustrate...
High-dose intravenous lipid emulsion affecting successful initiation of continuous venovenous hemofiltration and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Sir,An unidentified middle-aged female suffered a pulseless electrical activity (PEA) arrest after presumably ingesting unknown amounts of diltiazem extended-release, digoxin, and alprazolam. Toxic...
Chemical probes and possible targets for the induction of aneuploidy.

There is an increasing interest in developing assay systems that are effective in detecting aneuploidy-producing agents. Because the current methodology for detecting aneuploidy is extremely varied, presently no comparisons of the validity and sensitivity of various assays can be made. This is due to a lack of sufficient data on the testing of the same compounds in multiple systems. Thus, there is an imminent need to select a few model compounds to be tested in all the available assays.
Oncofertility in the setting of advanced cervical cancer - A case report.

Abstract Objective To consider fertility options in women with advanced cervical cancer. Design Case report. Setting Large tertiary care center. Patient A 30-year-old nulligravida woman diagnosed with FIGO Stage IBI squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix that had metastasized to a pelvic lymph node. Interventions Robotic radical trachelectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy and cerclage placement, followed by ovarian stimulation with oocyte retrieval and in vitro fertilization. Subsequent therapy included adjuvant chemoradiation and embryo transfer to a surrogate mother. Main outcome measures Cervical cancer remission, live birth from surrogate pregnancy. Results 33-year-old woman in her third year of remission from advanced cervical cancer with healthy twin girls. Conclusions Fertility options may exist for patients even in the setting of metastatic cervical cancer. Early involvement of a reproductive endocrinologist is imperative. This case emphasizes the importance of cross-specialty communication.
Culturally tailored narrative evidence about family health history: a moderated mediation analysis

This study tests a theoretical model named the Extended Elaboration Likelihood Model for Narrative Evidence Processing (EELM-NEP) to investigate associations between message processing, message out...
Chapter 5 Diagenesis of Carbonate Rocks

Summary Diagenesis of carbonate rocks comprises more than thirty different processes which are controlled by both local and regional factors, and which can alter the composition and texture of the sediments. Lithification is either physico-chemical or biochemical, and the controversial beach-rocks, for example, can be cemented by either process. Destructive processes include corrasion, corrosion, solution, decementation, and disintegration. Textural changes of limestones are often the product of inversion and several types of mechanisms, collectively termed “re-crystallization”. Under favorable conditions internal sedimentation and chemical infillings can form complex open-space structures (e.g., stromatactis). The sparry calcite is divisible into granular, drusy and fibrous types of which there are various genetic types and some reflect the conditions of formation. Of the processes that form micrite, in particular “grain-diminution” is a relatively new concept. The replacement of carbonates may be slight to extensive and is either by other carbonates (e.g., dolomitization) or by non-carbonate minerals (e.g., silicification), and may or may not follow a predictable sequence. In general, the paragenesis of carbonate sediments can be grouped into predepositional, syngenetic, diagenetic and epigenetic processes, products and stages with numerous useful subdivisions related to Recent and ancient deposits. The sum total of all the syngenetic to epigenetic features can be used as an indicator of environmental conditions, in particular where each stage left some recognizable evidence. Hence, diagenesis is of practical applicability in exploration. The numerous possible syngenetic and diagenetic aspects discussed indicate that limestone and dolomite classification schemes should not be used indiscriminately in environmental reconstructions.
The Weichselian Glacial History of West Melrakkaslétta, Northeastern Iceland

Melrakkasletta is part of the volcanic zone in Northeastern Iceland and in the area subglacial mountains, lava fields, faults and fissures are evidence of recent volcanic activity. On West Melrakkasletta glacial striae and deglaciation landforms have been correlated with Weichselian sediments that have been divided into 13 different stratigraphical units. The oldest sediments show that an oscillating glacier overrode marine sediments of Eemian or Weichselian age. Finally the glacier retreated and at least northwest Melrakkasletta became ice free. A lava flow represents this Weichselian interstadial in the stratigraphy. The intermediate sediments show that the glacier advanced, then retreated to a floating stagnating glacier and advanced once more. The youngest sediments show that a marine environment was transformed into a glaciomarine one as a floating glacier advanced at a rising sea level at 12,700 B.P. The environment developed into marine at 12,100 B.P. and deglaciation and isostatic recovery set in. Ice-rafted debris show that this coincided with major deglaciation around the North Atlantic Ocean. During the Younger Dryas the northernmost part of the Icelandic inland ice sheet constituted a glacial dome over Melrakkasletta. The final deglaciation and formation of marine limit is dated to 10,200 B.P.
New Morbidity and Discharge Disposition of Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Survivors.

Objectives Much of the research related to pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome has focused on inhospital mortality and interventions affecting this outcome. Limited data exist on survivors' morbidity, hospital disposition, and 1-year survival. The aim of this study was to determine new morbidity rate, discharge disposition, and 1-year mortality for survivors of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. Design Secondary analysis of prospective cohort study. Setting Quaternary children's hospital. Patients Three-hundred sixteen mechanically ventilated children with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (Berlin and Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference criteria) between July 2011 and December 2014. Interventions None. Measurements and main results We performed secondary analysis of a prospectively recruited cohort of 316 mechanically ventilated children with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome between July 2011, and December 2014. Preillness and hospital discharge Functional Status Scale score were determined via chart review, and factors associated with new morbidity, defined as an increase of Functional Status Scale score of 3 or more, were analyzed. Demographic variables, pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome characteristics, and ventilator management were tested for association with development of new morbidity, discharge disposition, and 1-year mortality. Inhospital mortality of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome was 13.3% (42/316). Of 274 survivors to hospital discharge, new morbidity was seen in 63 patients (23%). Discharge to rehabilitation rate was 24.5% (67/274) and associated with development of new morbidity. One- and 3-year mortality of survivors was 5.5% (15 deaths) and 8% (22 deaths) and was associated with baseline Functional Status Scale, immunocompromised status, Pediatric Risk of Mortality III, and organ failures at pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome onset, but not with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome severity. Conclusions New morbidity was common after pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome and appears to be intermediate phenotype between survival without morbidity and death, making it a useful metric in future interventional and outcome studies in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome.
(Re)imagining Writers and Writing: The End of the Book and the Beginning of Writing:

We think with several theoretical concepts from Jacques Derrida (defer, differance, deconstruction, and trace), in order to better understand how the processes of children, materials, and a teacher...
Dynamic and absolute measurements of laser coupling efficiency during laser spot welds

Abstract Laser absorptance (coupling efficiency) changes rapidly during laser metal processing due to temperature and multiple phase changes. We find that there is limited literature data available, but that this property is vital for accurate process simulations, as well as the fundamental understanding of the dynamics of high-power laser-matter interaction. We measure the dynamic, absolute absorbed power with sub-microsecond resolution during a 10 ms laser spot weld in 316L stainless steel from conduction to keyhole welding conditions using an integrating sphere. Our data show several important features including the points of melting and keyhole formation. Conclusions from the optical data are supported by weld cross-section analysis.
Surface modification of polypropylene surgical meshes for improving adhesion with poloxamine hydrogel adhesive

Tissue adhesive has notable clinical benefits in hernia repair fixation. A novel poloxamine tissue adhesive was previously shown to successfully bond collagen tissue with adequate adhesive strength. In application related to attachment of polypropylene (PP) mesh, the adhesive strength between the mesh and poloxamine hydrogel adhesive is limited by the hydrophobicity of PP monofilaments and lack of covalent bond formation. The purpose of this study was to compare two different surface modifications [bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption and poly-glycidyl methacrylate/human serum albumin (PGMA/HSA) grafting] of PP mesh for improving the adhesive strength between poloxamine hydrogel adhesive and PP mesh. The PGMA/HSA surface modification significantly improved the adhesive strength for meshes attached with poloxamine hydrogel tissue adhesive compared with unmodified meshes and meshes modified by BSA adsorption. An area of 1 cm2 adhesive provided for a maximum adhesive strength of 65-70 kPa for meshes modified by PGMA/HSA, 4-13 kPa for meshes modified by BSA, and 22-45 kPa for unmodified meshes. Optical microscopy and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the improved adhesive strength was achieved through mechanical interlock of the hydrogel tissue adhesive into the PP mesh pores and chemical bonding of the albumin after successful PGMA/HSA grafting onto the PP monofilaments. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1047-1055, 2019.
A Framework to Operationalize a Deep and Vast Literature for Practice: Translating Land Value Uplift Literature to Estimate Economic Impacts of Multimodal Transportation System Projects

Traditional methods for evaluating transportation system investments typically rely heavily on one or two metrics of evaluations, such as vehicle travel time delay and level-of-service measures. Tr...
Second-Generation Biomarker Testing for Irritable Bowel Syndrome Using Plasma Anti-CdtB and Anti-Vinculin Levels

ELISA testing for anti-CdtB and anti-vinculin can discriminate patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) from those with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, recent findings suggest the antigens can suffer from epitope instability. This study aimed to assess effects of incorporating epitope stabilization on test characteristics for distinguishing IBS-D from IBD subjects. Plasma samples from IBS-D subjects from a large-scale clinical trial and subjects with endoscopically active IBD without concurrent immunomodulator therapy were used. After epitope stabilization, CdtB and vinculin were used in ELISA testing. Optical density readings were compared between IBS-D and IBD subjects. Samples from 100 IBS-D and 31 IBD (22 UC and 9 CD) subjects were tested. IBS-D subjects had higher anti-CdtB titers (P = 0.0001) and higher anti-vinculin titers (P = 0.004) than IBD subjects. The specificities of anti-CdtB and anti-vinculin to differentiate IBS-D from IBD were 93.5% and 90.9%, respectively, with sensitivities of 43.0% and 52.2%, respectively. The positive likelihood ratios of identifying IBS-D with anti-CdtB and anti-vinculin were 6.7 and 5.7, respectively. Assuming a pretest probability of 57% for diagnosis of IBS-D in patients with abdominal pain and change in bowel habits, testing positive for both antibodies resulted in a posttest probability of > 98%. Performing epitope stabilization for CdtB and vinculin enhances the test characteristics of ELISAs for anti-CdtB and anti-vinculin in discriminating IBS-D from IBD. Measurement of anti-CdtB and anti-vinculin with this second-generation methodology may further advance our understanding of the role of immunity in functional bowel diseases.
A Comparison of Three Discourse Elicitation Methods in Aphasia and Age-Matched Adults: Implications for Language Assessment and Outcome

Purpose Discourse analysis is commonly used to assess language ability and to evaluate language change following intervention in aphasia. The purpose of this study was to identify differences in language produced during different discourse tasks in a large aphasia group and an age- and education-matched control group. Method Four structured discourse tasks across 3 discourse types (expositional, narrative, and procedural) were evaluated in a group of adults with aphasia (n = 90) and an age-matched control group (n = 84) drawn from AphasiaBank. CLAN software was used to extract primary linguistic variables (mean length of utterance, propositional density, type–token ratio, words per minute, open–closed class word ratio, noun–verb ratio, and tokens), which served as proxies for various language abilities. Using a series of repeated-measures analyses of covariance, with significantly correlated demographic and descriptive variables as covariates, main effects of discourse type were evaluated. Results Despite...
STUDIES ON THE ACTIONS OF PYRAZOLOPYRIMIDINES IN MICROORGANISMS. I. 4-HYDROXY-6-AMINOPYRAZOLOPYRIMIDINE.

Summary The actions of 4-hydroxy-6-aminopyrazolopyrimidine (HAPP), an analog of guanine, were examined in two microbiological systems. While the growth of Bacillus cereus was decreased about 30 per cent by 1 m M HAPP, Escherichia coli growth was practically unaffected. Exogenous guanine relieved completely, and hypoxanthine relieved partially, the HAPP-induced inhibition of growth in B. cereus, while adenine potentiated inhibition of growth. Vitamins were ineffective in restoring growth. While a slight increase in biosynthesis of protein, lipid, or cell wall of B. cereus was observed, the uptake of radiophosphate, 14 C-formale or 14 C-adenine into RNA was decreased in drug-treated cells grown to the same turbidity as control cells. Thus, in the presence of the drug, a selective inhibition of RNA synthesis had taken place. Adenine, while enhancing growth inhibition, exaggerated the drug-induced depressions of phosphate and formate uptake into RNA. An E coli mutant, B-96, incapable of purine formation de novo , accumulated less than its characteristic concentration of 4-amino-5-imidazoleear-boxamide in the presence of HAPP, implying that one of the drug's effects on RNA synthesis was localized in an early stage of de novo purine formation.
Some Factors Influencing Suckling-Induced Prolactin Release in the Lactating Rat

The association of the suckling stimulus with alterations in prolactin secretion stems from experiments with rats possessing both intact and duct-ligated or teat-excised mammary glands in which the suckling of intact glands retarded involution of the glands from which milk removal was prevented (1,2). The retarding effect of suckling upon mammary involution was mimicked by systemic injections of prolactin (3). This effect is not specifically due to prolactin, since STH, adrenal corticoids, and oxytocin also retard the rate of mammary gland involution (see 4).
Introduction to Special Issue: Language, Nationalism, Love, and Gender Roles in the Japanese Morning TV Drama Massan

Japan is undergoing significant demographic changes, including a diversification of the population. The number of foreign residents has more than doubled in the past two decades, from about 1.1 mil...
Chlorine/UV treatment of anatoxin-a by activation of the secondary amine functional group

Studies of the combined application of chlorine and UVC radiation (Cl/UV) have generally focused on target compound degradation by the combined effects of direct photolysis and reactions with radical intermediates. However, prechlorination also has the potential to impart structural changes on molecules that increase their sensitivity to direct photolysis. Specifically, the prechlorination of amines leads to formation of their N-chlorinated derivatives, which is important because the N–Cl bond is photolabile. The Cl/UV process was examined for degradation of the secondary amines anatoxin-a (ANTX-a) and dimethylamine. ANTX-a and dimethylamine were both shown to undergo rapid N-chlorination. The first-order rate constant for photodecomposition of N-chlorodimethylamine at 254 nm was estimated to be 1.13 ± 0.05 × 10−3 cm2 mJ−1, while dimethylamine does not absorb UV254 radiation. The photodegradation of Cl-ANTX-a was also observed to be faster than direct photolysis of ANTX-a. For comparison, a first-order rate constant for photodegradation of Cl-ANTX-a of 1.86 ± 0.05 × 10−3 cm2 mJ−1 at 254 nm was estimated for N-chlorinated anatoxin-a, as compared 1.19 ± 0.02 × 10−3 cm2 mJ−1 for anatoxin-a. The observed increase in first-order rate of photodegradation illustrated activation of anatoxin-a toward photolysis by prechlorination.