cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of waterborne and water-related disease in animal populations of Florida from 1999-2019.

Background Florida’s waters are a reservoir for a host of pathogens and toxins. Many of these microorganisms cause water-related diseases in people that are reportable to the Florida Department of Health. Our objective in this review was to ascertain which water-related pathogens and toxins of public health importance have been found in animal populations in Florida over the last twenty years. Methods Nineteen databases were searched, including PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection, using keywords and search terms for the waterborne diseases, water-related vector-borne diseases, and water-based toxins reportable to the Florida Department of Health. For inclusion, peer-reviewed journal articles were to be written in English, published between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2019, and contain primary research findings documenting at least one of the water-related pathogens or toxins of interest in an animal population within Florida during this same time frame. Results Of over eight thousand initial search results, 65 studies were included for final analysis. The most common animal types implicated in the diseases of interest included marine mammals, fish and shellfish, wild birds, and livestock. Toxins or pathogens most often associated with these animals included toxin-producer Karenia brevis, vibriosis, Escherichia coli, and Salmonellosis. Discussion/conclusion Findings from this review elucidate the water-related disease-causing pathogens and toxins which have been reported within animal populations in recent Florida history. As most of these diseases are zoonotic, our results suggest a One Health approach is necessary to support and maintain healthy water systems throughout the state of Florida for the protection of both human and animal populations.
Family care exchanges across the life span

Abstract This chapter presents a life-span model of family care exchanges that underscores how caregiving and care receiving are dynamics that are shared across a network of family members and reflect the family’s history with care exchanges throughout the life span. The model is used to integrate and review the literature on families managing chronic illness conditions during childhood and adolescence with the traditional gerontological literature. A set of common risk and protective factors are identified that help to understand positive versus negative family care exchanges. Novel research questions identified by the model as well as implications for policies regarding caregiving are drawn.
Measuring Volume, Flow, and Pressure in the Clinical Setting

Respiratory volumes, flows, and pressures comprise the fundamental signals from which parameters reflecting respiratory mechanical function are derived. The mainstay of lung function measurement continues to be spirometry which provides the empirical parameters FEV1 and FVC. These parameters are sensitive to the presence of lung disease but are rather nonspecific about the disease itself. Body plethysmography exploits the physics of gases inherent in Boyle’s law to provide estimates of the total volume of gas in the lungs and the flow resistance of the airways. These parameters are both directly relatable to physical structures within the lungs and thus begin to link structure to function based on the notion of the lungs behaving like a single alveolar compartment served by a single airway. The single-compartment model also provides the conceptual basis for tissue elastance and resistance that can be determined by fitting a simple equation of motion to measurements of volume, pressure, and flow made during cyclic breathing or mechanical ventilation. When the imposed oscillations contain multiple frequencies simultaneously, one can determine a function of frequency known as impedance that consists of a real part expressing the apparent resistance of the system and an imaginary part expressing the combined contributions of elastic and inertive components of the system.
Low-temperature annealing of 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene films using electron wind force in ambient conditions

Two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides, known as MXenes, are layered materials with unique functionalities which make them suitable for applications such as energy storage devices, supercapacitors, electromagnetic interference shielding, and wireless communications. Since they are wet-processed, MXenes need annealing to improve their electrical conductivity. The extent of annealing highly depends on temperature; however, higher temperatures can also impact the resulting phases and structure. In this study, we present a non-thermal annealing process utilizing an electron wind force (EWF) method in ambient conditions. This process is demonstrated on freestanding Ti3C2Tx films, where we show up to 70% decrease in resistivity at temperatures below 120 °C compared to conventional thermal annealing methods. MXene structures before and after annealing are analyzed using Raman spectroscopy and ex situ and in situ X-ray diffraction. Surface terminations and intra-flake defects modification in Ti3C2Tx layers after EWF annealing impart better electrical conductivity to MXene film than the non-annealed films.
Robust-by-Design Plans for Multi-Robot Pursuit-Evasion.

This paper studies a multi-robot visibility-based pursuit-evasion problem in which a group of pursuer robots are tasked with detecting an evader within a two dimensional polygonal environment. The primary contribution is a novel formulation of the pursuit-evasion problem that modifies the pursuers' objective by requiring that the evader still be detected, even in spite of the failure of any single pursuer robot. This novel constraint, whereby two pursuers are required to detect an evader, has the benefit of providing redundancy to the search, should any member of the team become unresponsive, suffer temporary sensor disruption/failure, or otherwise become incapacitated. Existing methods, even those that are designed to respond to failures, rely on the pursuers to replan and update their search pattern to handle such occurrences. In contrast, the proposed formulation produces plans that are inherently tolerant of some level of disturbance. Building upon this new formulation, we introduce an augmented data structure for encoding the problem state and a novel sampling technique to ensure that the generated plans are robust to failures of any single pursuer robot. An implementation and simulation results illustrating the effectiveness of this approach are described.
On the genealogy of machine learning datasets: A critical history of ImageNet:

In response to growing concerns of bias, discrimination, and unfairness perpetuated by algorithmic systems, the datasets used to train and evaluate machine learning models have come under increased...
Review of Reduced Salt, Snow, and Ice Management Practices for Commercial Businesses:

Chlorides (frequently sodium chloride) are used to improve safety and access to roads and other surfaces in winter. However, chlorides also pose risks to aquatic life and raises human health concer...
Microstructural evolution in NF616 (P92) and Fe–9Cr–0.1C-model alloy under heavy ion irradiation

In this comparative study, in situ investigations of the microstructure evolution in a Fee9Cr ferritic emartensitic steel, NF616, and a Fee9Cre0.1C-model alloy with a similar ferriticemartensitic microstructure have been performed. NF616 and Fee9Cre0.1C-model alloy were irradiated to high doses (up to ~10 dpa) with 1 MeV Kr ions between 50 and 673 K. Defect cluster density increased with dose and saturated in both alloys. The average size of defect clusters in NF616 was constant between 50 and 573 K, on the other hand average defect size increased with dose in Fee9Cre0.1C-model alloy around ~1 dpa. At low temperatures (50e298 K), alignment of small defect clusters resulted in the formation of extensive defects in Fee9Cre0.1C-model alloy around ~2e3 dpa, while similar large defects in NF616 started to form at a high temperature of 673 K around ~5 dpa. Interaction of defect clusters with the lath boundaries were found to be much more noticeable in Fee9Cre0.1C-model alloy. Differences in the microstructural evolution of NF616 and Fee9Cre0.1C-model alloy are explained by means of the defect cluster trapping by solute atoms which depends on the solute atom concentrations in the alloys.
Low‐Energy‐Gap Organic Based Acceptor–­Donor–Acceptor π‐Conjugated Small Molecules for Bulk‐Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells

We describe the detailed syntheses and characterization of two new electron-donor molecules based on an acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A) structure with carbazole as the electron-rich building block, benzothiadiazole (BT) as the electron-acceptor building block and octylrhodanine as the end group. We also examined the effects of a thiophene group as a spacer between the BT and the carbazole units on the optoelectronic, morphological and photovoltaic properties. The presence of the thiophenes has pronounced effects on both the optical and electrical properties. ECTBT, which contains thiophenes units, showed a red-shifted absorption and a lower HOMO level compared to ECBT, which has no thiophene spacers. Optimized photovoltaic device fabrication based on ECTBT and [6,6]-phenyl-C70-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) in a 1:1.5 ratio (w/w) exhibited the best power conversion efficiency (PCE), at 3.26 %.
The phenomenon of resveratrol: redefining the virtues of promiscuity

Cancer chemoprevention entails the ingestion of dietary or pharmaceutical agents that can prevent, delay, or reverse the process of carcinogenesis. With support provided by the National Cancer Institute, we have been actively engaged in the systematic discovery and characterization of natural chemopreventive agents. The typical approach involves identifying active crude substances such as extracts derived from terrestrial plants or marine organisms, utilizing in vitro bioassay systems, followed by the isolation of pure active components. As part of this project, an extract obtained from a nonedible Peruvian legume, Cassia quinquangulata Rich. (Leguminosae), was evaluated and found to be active as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. The active component was identified as resveratrol. Surprisingly broad spectrum activity was observed, indicative of potential to inhibit carcinogenesis at the stages of initiation, promotion, and progression. This discovery has led to many additional research efforts. There are now around 3,500 papers concerning some aspect of resveratrol action, yet the molecule is unusually promiscuous and specific mechanisms remain elusive. Considering the structural simplicity of this stilbene, the intensity of interest is phenomenal.
Synthetic transit peptides inhibit import and processing of mitochondrial precursor proteins

Abstract We have demonstrated that a synthetic peptide corresponding to the rat mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (mMDH) transit peptide (TP-28) inhibits the binding of pre-mMDH to isolated mitochondria. Synthetic peptides derived from chloroplast transit peptide sequences, which have a similar net charge, did not inhibit import. In addition, this peptide (TP-28) inhibits import of ornithine transcarbamylase, another mitochondrial matrix protein, thus suggesting that common import pathways exist for both mMDH and ornithine transcarbamylase. A smaller synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 1-20 of the mMDH transit peptide (TP-20) also inhibits binding. However, several substitutions for leucine-13 in the smaller peptide relieve import inhibition, thus providing evidence that this neutral residue plays a crucial role in transit peptide binding to the mitochondrial surface. Proteolytic processing of pre-mMDH by a mitochondrial matrix fraction to both the mature and intermediate forms of mMDH was also inhibited by TP-28. The ability of synthetic peptides to inhibit distinct steps in the import of mitochondrial precursor proteins corresponds precisely to their ability to interact with the same components used by transit peptides on intact precursors. Furthermore, inhibition at multiple points along the import pathway reflects the functions of several independent structures contained within transit peptides.
ESL : Engineering Societies library : End of a special Library

The Engineering Societies Library (ESL) closed its doors on June 12, 1998. Organized in the early decades of the 20th century, it grew to be one of the great special libraries in the world. This paper traces the problems facing the library in the 1980s and 1990s, the downsizing, and the decision to close the library and disperse the collection. Most of ESL's collection has been moved to the Linda Hall Library in Kansas City. The Wheeler Collection of material on electricity and magnetism was transferred to the New York Public Library.
SKP and related phases

For shallow shocks, multiple SKP phases are observed after the initial SKP motion as long as 54 seconds on short-period instruments and as long as 87 seconds on long-period instruments. Amplitude data indicate that each multiple phase has a focal point similar to that of the initial SKP phase. The focal point for waves having periods of 1 to 5 seconds occurs at 131½°, and that for waves having periods of 5 to 10 seconds is broadly defined between 130° and 131°. Short-period SKP waves extend from 129° to at least 140°; long-period SKP waves, from 125° to 145°. The long-period waves are believed to be diffracted from the caustic in accordance with Airy's hypothesis. For all types of SKP phases the energy content of the short-period waves is several times less than that of the long-period waves. For the vertical component the agreement between theoretical and observed values of energy of long-period waves is good. For the horizontal component the observation of too little energy is not satisfactorily explained. SKP″, the SKP phase associated with the inner core, is observed between 114° and 125°. It records with very short periods. The observations of SKP″ present additional support for the hypothesis of large but continuous increase of velocity at the transitional boundary of the inner core.
Sharing information with children conceived using in vitro fertilisation: the effect of parents’ privacy orientation

AbstractObjective: To examine the moderating effect of parents’ approach to sharing information with children on the outcomes of information-sharing about in vitro fertilisation (IVF) conception. Background: Mental health professionals encourage parents to share information about IVF conception with their children, but limited research is available on associations among information-sharing, parent–child relationship quality and child adjustment. Predictions based on Communication Privacy Management Theory suggest that how parents share private information with children will moderate the association between sharing information about a child’s IVF conception and parent–child relationship quality and indirectly affect child adjustment. Method: Study hypotheses were tested using a sample of 175 families with 246 6- to 12-year-old children conceived using IVF. Path models hypothesised associations among information-sharing, parent privacy orientation, parent–child relationship satisfaction and child behavioura...
Battery Storage Plants

The sections in this article are 1 Applications of Battery Storage Plants 2 Battery Considerations 3 Selecting and Rating the Converter 4 Conceptual Design of a Voltage Source Converter for a Battery Energy Storage System
Absorption and Distribution of Oxafuradene in the Dog

Studies on the absorption and distribution of oxafuradene, a chemotherapeutic nitrofuran, have been conducted in the dog. This drug is well-absorbed following peroral administration as a suspension or in capsule or tablet form. Oxafuradene is readily distributed into most body fluids following intravenous drug infusion. Similar concentrations of the drug are attained in thoracic lymph and plasma. Results are presented demonstrating placental transfer of the drug in the guinea pig, rabbit, dog, and sheep. Concentrations of oxafuradene attained in milk are consistently greater than concurrent plasma levels. Oxafuradene is found in bile and approximately 5 per cent of a dose is recovered in this fluid. The oxafuradene concentrations found in saliva and prostatic fluid increase with plasma levels. Drug concentrations appearing in aqueous humor and cerebrospinal fluid are comparable but lower than corresponding plasma concentrations. Correlation is obtained between oxafuradene concentrations measured chemically in these fluids and biological activity determined against Escbericbia coli .
Laser sintering of separated and uniformly distributed multiwall carbon nanotubes integrated iron nanocomposites

Uniform distribution of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in metal matrix during additive manufacturing of nanocomposites is always a challenge since the CNTs tend to aggregate in the molten pool. In this study, Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were separated and distributed uniformly into iron matrix by laser sintering process. MWNTs and iron powders were mixed together by magnetic stir, coated on steel 4140 surface, followed by laser sintering. Due to the fast heating and cooling rate, the CNTs are evenly distributed in the metal matrix. The temperature field was calculated by multiphysics simulation considering size effects, including size dependent melting temperature, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity. The SEM, TEM, and XRD were used to understand the laser sintering of CNT integrated nanocomposites. The results proved the feasibility of this technique to synthesize MWNTS integrated metal matrix nanocomposites.
Tax Policy and Producer Incentives in the Energy Crisis

The use of tax incentives to encourage desired behavior is examined and found, in some cases, to be an economically efficient way of dealing with an imperfect market. A variety of tax incentives, credit and penalty, are described, with emphasis on the crude oil equalization tax (COET) as an improvement over a price control tax. Coupling of COET with an import tax would be the most efficient. The new investment subsidies are shown to be inefficient and gimmicked. A comment by R.G. Penner agrees that the present energy tax incentives are like a crazy quilt, but disagrees on the value of loan guarantees. 17 references.
Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and liver cancer mortality in 67 rural Chinese counties

Although a growing body of evidence from experimental and clinical studies suggests that Helicobacter pylori may play a role in liver cancer etiology, few epidemiologic studies have investigated this hypothesis. Liver cancer mortality rates in 1986–1988 for the 67 Chinese counties were obtained from a nationwide survey among subjects aged 35–69 years. Blood samples were collected from selected individuals of the similar age range in the same 67 counties in 1989. H. pylori infection was evaluated by measuring its antibodies (IgG) in plasma samples using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to test our hypothesis. Prevalence rates of H. pylori infection were positively correlated with liver cancer mortality in both men (r = 0.43, p = 0.0002) and women (r = 0.41, p = 0.0005). This significant association persisted after adjustment for body mass index, income, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, HBsAg positivity, diabetes mortality, and salt-preserved vegetable intake. Stratified analysis revealed suggestive interactions of H. pylori prevalence with HBsAg positivity and urinary aflatoxin M1 in men in relation to liver cancer mortality. The present study offers novel epidemiologic evidence suggesting that infection with H. pylori is associated with an increased risk of death from liver cancer among rural Chinese residents.
Biosynthesis of collagen crosslinks: in vivo labelling of neonatal skin, tendon, and bone in rats.

Collagen crosslinks in neonatal rats were labelled in vivo by a single intraperitoneal injection of 200 uCi of [14C]lysine. Rats were killed at times ranging from 30 minutes to 10 weeks after injection. Whole skin, tendon, and bone were analyzed, after reduction and hydrolysis, for collagen crosslink content by HPLC. Crosslinks and amino acids were visualized by their incorporation of radioactivity from [14C]lysine and also fluorometrically by post-column derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde. The incorporation of 14C from labelled lysine into the principal difunctional reducible crosslinks, N6.6'-dehydro-5,5'-dihydroxylysinonorleucine and N6.6'-dehydro-5-hydroxylysinonorleucine, increased most rapidly between 4 and 12 hours after injection, results similar to those observed by others studying crosslink biosynthesis in vitro. Incorporation of 14C into the tetrafunctional crosslink histidinohydroxymerodesmosine proceeded more slowly than it did for the difunctional crosslinks. Values for the amount of radio...
Raman Spectroscopy-Based Sensitive and Specific Detection of Glycated Hemoglobin

In recent years, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has been increasingly accepted as a functional metric of mean blood glucose in the treatment of diabetic patients. Importantly, HbA1c provides an alternate measure of total glycemic exposure due to the representation of blood glucose throughout the day, including post-prandially. In this article, we propose and demonstrate the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a novel analytical method for quantitative detection of HbA1c, without using external dyes or reagents. Using the drop coating deposition Raman (DCDR) technique, we observe that the nonenzymatic glycosylation (glycation) of the hemoglobin molecule results in subtle but discernible and highly reproducible changes in the acquired spectra, which enable the accurate determination of glycated and nonglycated hemoglobin using standard chemometric methods. The acquired Raman spectra display excellent reproducibility of spectral characteristics at different locations in the drop and show a linear dependence of t...
Corporate Social Performance And Organizational Attractiveness To Prospective Employees

Drawing on propositions from social identity theory and signaling theory, we hypothesized that firms' corporate social performance (CSP) is related positively to their reputations and to their attractiveness as employers. Results indicate that independent ratings of CSP are related to firms' reputations and attractiveness as employers, suggesting that a firm's CSP may provide a competitive advantage in attracting applicants. Such results add to the growing literature suggesting that CSP may provide firms with competitive advantages.
Syndromes of Thrombotic Microangiopathy

This review article covers the diverse pathophysiological pathways that can lead to microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and a procoagulant state with or without damage to the kidneys and other organs.
An empirical evaluation of qualitative Hennigian analyses of protein electrophoretic data.

In an empirical evaluation of a qualitative approach to construction of phylogenetic trees from protein-electrophoretic data, we have employed Hennigian cladistic principles to generate molecular trees for waterfowl, rodents, bats, and other phylads. This procedure of tree construction is described in detail. Branching structures of molecular trees produced by three different algorithms were compared against those of “model” classifications previously proposed by other systematists. In each case, the qualitative cladistic trees provided fits to model phylogenies which were strong and as good or better than those resulting from phenetic-clustering or distance-Wagner trees based on manipulation of quantitative values in matrices of genetic distance.
A maturing of research on the behaviour of eyewitnesses

More than a decade of sustained, vigorous research has resulted in an applied cognitive psychology of eyewitness behvaviour that is a rapidly maturing body of knowledge. Several developments now would police forces to increase the sensitivity, reliability, and fairness of eyewitness memory retrieval. The juror's task of estimating the effects of certain variables on the accuracy of eyewitness report can now be a much more informed one, the relevant research literature now being relatively clear and consistent. Across studies the effect size of a number of these variables is moderate or greater. Equally important has been the consistent failure to document several results that would be predicted from the common-sense intuition of juror and jurist alike.
Computer network from satellite to automobile

There is a never ending growth toward automation in industrial circles, specially in the Auto industries. As more and more digital Electronics are introduced to vehicles, the probability of malfunctioning and failure also increasing. In this paper the idea of error correcting code which is used in military communication circles and the Satellite industry is proposed for the Automobile industry. A simulation of the system is performed first in high level language, and then in machine language to test the performance in real time. The system is based on extended Hamming code for correction and defection of the errors. Finally the interlaced codes is adapted for correcting burst errors. The result of simulation shows a promising reliable computer communications in cars.
A FRAMEWORK FOR LOOKING AT VERTICAL INTEGRATION

Vertical integration is often one of the first diversification strategies that firms consider. To choose the right strategy, companies must assess the four different types of possible integration and weigh the merits of each.
Heterogeneity of Somatostatin-Like Peptides in Rat Brain, Pancreas, and Gastrointestinal Tract*

Somatostatin-like immunoactivities (SLI) in rat brain, pancreas, and gut were compared by gel filtration. Three species of SLI could be identified in most tissues after acid extraction. The apparent molecular weight of the largest detectable species of SLI ranged from 12,000 (K) daltons in rat brain to 17K daltons in pancreas and gut. A second, intermediate sized SLI (∼4K daltons) was detected in all extracts, but this 4K species was particularly abundant in intestinal mucosa. A third, small form of SLI was also found in all tissues which contained SLI. This form coeluted with synthetic somatostatin and represented the largest percentage of total SLI in most tissues. The relationship between the various SLI peptides is uncertain. In terms of molecular size and anatomic distribution, rat 4K SLI is reminiscent of somatostatin-28, which has been isolated from porcine intestine.
Water, Technology, and Development: Transformations of Development Technonatures in Changing Waterscapes:

Delivering safe drinking water is often equated with delivering development in much of the Global South. Yet different arrangements of technologies, waters, and social relations constitute uneven waterscapes and produce different water — society relations across sites and scales. Analyzing the contradictory roles of water-producing technologies and differentiated waters in enabling and challenging processes of development thus becomes important to explaining the political ecologies of development. In order to investigate the technonatural relations of power that constitute development, I look at the ways that different types of waters, water technologies, nature (aquifers, groundwater, arsenic), and power relations coproduce water (in)securities and (un)healthy development subjects, with a case study from waterscapes of the Bengal Delta. Contaminated tubewells have resulted in a drinking water crisis and a reconfiguration of hydro — social relations. Groundwater usage for drinking water purposes was intro...
ADAMTS expression and function in central nervous system injury and disorders

The components of the adult extracellular matrix in the central nervous system form a lattice-like structure that is deposited as perineuronal nets, around axon initial segments and as synapse-associated matrix. An abundant component of this matrix is the lecticans, chondroitin sulfate-bearing proteoglycans that are the major substrate for several members of the ADAMTSs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) family. Since lecticans are key regulators of neural plasticity, ADAMTS cleavage of lecticans would likely also contribute to neuroplasticity. Indeed, many studies have examined the neuroplastic contribution of the ADAMTSs to damage and recovery after injury and in central nervous system disease. Much of this data supports a role for the ADAMTSs in recovery and repair following spinal cord injury by stimulating axonal outgrowth after degradation of a glial scar and improving synaptic plasticity following seizure-induced neural damage in the brain. The action of the ADAMTSs in chronic diseases of the central nervous system appears to be more complex and less well-defined. Increasing evidence indicates that lecticans participate in synaptic plasticity in neurodegenerative disease states. It will be interesting to examine how ADAMTS expression and action would affect the progression of these diseases.
Cotyledon angle as a predictor of growth rate of cucumber plant

Experiments conducted in the greenhouse and in the field indicated that plants produced from seedlings of Cucumis sativus L. which displayed their cotyledons in an upward position grew faster than plants which displayed their cotyledons in a downward position. Cotyledon angle was not a function of seed size nor seedling weight at 10 days after planting. An increase in plant height, node number, and fresh weight at later growth stages was associated with an upward cotyledon angle and persisted until time of harvest. Anthesis tended to occur later in plants having a downward cotyledon angle. The number of pistillate flowers was greater in plants with an upward cotyledon angle compared to those with a downward cotyledon angle. Differences in yield (fruit number) were not associated with cotyledon angle.
Persuasion and Healing: A Comparative Study of Psychotherapy

This popular study of "psychological healing"treats topics ranging from religious revivalism and magical healing to contemporary psychotherapies, from the role of the shaman in nonindustrialized societies to the traditional mental hospital. Jerome and Julia Frank (who are father and daughter) contend that these therapies share common elements that improve the "morale"of sufferers. And in combating the "demoralizing meaning"that people attach to their experiences, the authors argue, many therapies are surprisingly similar to rhetoric (the art of persuasion) and to hermeneutics (the study of meanings). Highly acclaimed in previous editions, Persuasion and Healing has been completely revised and expanded. In addition to a broadened exploration of the role of demoralization in illness, this latest edition offers updated information on topics including self-help, family therapy, psychopharmacology, psychotherapy for the mentally ill, and techniques such as primal therapy and bioenergetics. As they explore the power of "healing rhetoric"in these activities, the authors strengthen the ties among the various healing profession.
Searchlights from the past.

Abstract “Modern man”, wrote the historian, E.H. Carr, “peers eagerly back into the twilight from which he has come, in the hope that its faint beams will illuminate the obscurity into which he is going …”. Carr is wrong. For those who are willing to look, searchlights, not faint beams, shine out from the past and show us the pits into which we will fall if we do not look where we are going. Some of these searchlights illuminate specific technical risks while others remind us of general principles. In an age of rapid change people are particularly prone to ignore the past, but while technology changes, people do not.
Techniques for submitting an IRB: Changes and impact on research

The experiences with the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the University of Georgia have been exceptionally positive and helpful as we focus our research in the areas of addiction and psychiatric pharmacy. First, it is easy to be overwhelmed by the daunting challenge of keeping up with the information required for submission to your IRB. Before applying to the IRB, it is necessary to understand what information will be expected and why it is important. The IRB’s expectation is that you will provide a detailed explanation of your proposed study such that they will understand and see for themselves what the participants will be exposed to during the course of the study. Furthermore, the IRB will want to see that you have completed a risk assessment for the study, and that you have minimized the possible risks to the participants. This article will serve as an introduction to the basics necessary for a successful IRB application.
On Petri's Analysis of the Linear System of Quadrics through a Canonical Curve.

where S*H°(I2) denote the symmetric algebra of H°(f2), is surjective. (2) The kernel I of ~p is generated by its elements of degree 2 and of degree 3. (3) I is generated by its elements of degree 2 except in the following cases: (i) C is a non-singular plane quintic (g= 6) (ii) C is trigonal (i.e., C is a triple covering of PI). (We refer the reader to (4.11), (4.12) and (4.13) for a special study of those exceptions).
pRb is an obesity suppressor in hypothalamus and high-fat diet inhibits pRb in this location

pRb is frequently inactivated in tumours by mutations or phosphorylation. Here, we investigated whether pRb plays a role in obesity. The Arcuate nucleus (ARC) in hypothalamus contains antagonizing POMC and AGRP/NPY neurons for negative and positive energy balance, respectively. Various aspects of ARC neurons are affected in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model. Using this model, we show that HFD, as well as pharmacological activation of AMPK, induces pRb phosphorylation and E2F target gene de-repression in ARC neurons. Some affected neurons express POMC; and deleting Rb1 in POMC neurons induces E2F target gene de-repression, cell-cycle re-entry, apoptosis, and a hyperphagia-obesity-diabetes syndrome. These defects can be corrected by combined deletion of E2f1. In contrast, deleting Rb1 in the antagonizing AGRP/NPY neurons shows no effects. Thus, pRb-E2F1 is an obesity suppression mechanism in ARC POMC neurons and HFD-AMPK inhibits this mechanism by phosphorylating pRb in this location.
The defect structure of depleted zones in irradiated tungsten

Abstract A quantitative field ion microscope study was made of the defect structure of two depleted zones detected in high purity (≤ 1.5 · 10 −6 at.fr. impurity level) tungsten specimens irradiated in situ under ultra-high vacuum conditions at a specimen temperature of 18°K with 20 keV W + ions to a dose of ∼ 1.10 12 W + ions cm −2 . The irradiated specimens were examined by the pulse field evaporation technique at 18°K, hence their structure is characteristic of this temperature. The depleted zone detected in the (111) plane had a local vacant site concentration of ∼ 8.7 at.% and a self-interstitial atom concentration (SIA) of ∼ 0.92 at.%, while the depleted zone detected in the (141) plane of a second specimen had values of ∼ 10 and ∼ 0.5 at.% for these same quantities. The SIAs found locally were on the peripheral surfaces of the depleted zones. In addition to this large local imbalance in point defect concentrations the depleted zones were elongated along 〈011〉 directions. It was shown that each of these depleted zones was created by a single incident ion, and a comparison of the number of displaced atoms in each zone with the value predicted by the Kinchin-Pease model showed that this model strongly overestimates the number of displacements created per incident ion. For the depleted zone detected in the (111) plane it was demonstrated that 23 of 25 SIAs found in the lattice around this zone could have been propagated away from it along 〈011〉 and 〈111〉 directions as focused replacement sequences. The measured distances of these SIAs away from the depleted zone along 〈011〉 and 〈111〉 directions were between 45–150 and 45–85A, respectively. The upper and lower values of these distances were determined by a geometric sampling problem and not by the intrinsic range of focused replacement sequences.
Os trigonum. Variation of a common accessory ossicle of the talus

The authors present a pictorial essay showing the range of variability of separate and attached os trigona in dry-bone specimens. The presence of free os trigona is found to be 1.7% in an early 20th-century skeletal sample, with no findings of the trait in 513 tali of prehistoric native Americans and Eskimos.
The method of quasilinearization and dynamic equations on compact measure chains

The method of quasilinearization generates a monotone iteration scheme whose iterates converge quadratically to a unique solution of the problem at hand. In this paper, we show the method applies to a family of two-point boundary value problems for a dynamic equation on a compact measure chain.
The Concept of “Rationalization” and Cultural Pessimism in Max Weber's Sociology

(1964). The Concept of “Rationalization” and Cultural Pessimism in Max Weber's Sociology. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 355-373.
Spontaneous DNA damage and its significance for the "negligible dose" controversy in radiation protection.

One of the crucial problems in radiation protection is the reality of the negligible dose or de minimus concept (1-4). This issue of a "practical zero" and its resolution is central to our understanding of the controversy concerning the existence of a "safe" dose in radiological health. However, for very low levels of environmental mutagens and carcinogens including low doses of low-LET radiations (less than I cGy or 1 rad), spontaneous or endogenous DNA damage may have an increasing impact on the biological consequences of the induced cellular response. It is this issue that is addressed in this communication.
Excitons and interband transitions in III-V semiconductor superlattices

The fundamental optical absorption of ${\mathrm{In}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{\mathit{x}}$As/${\mathrm{In}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{y}}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{y}}$As and GaAs/${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$As superlattices is calculated quantitatively using superlattice K\ensuremath{\cdot}p theory. Electron-hole Coulomb interactions yielding excitons and interband-transition Sommerfeld enhancement are incorporated. These fast, nonvariational calculations yield optical structure within 2--3 meV and absolute absorption coefficients within 10% of experimental results for all but one of the twelve samples analyzed. Constituent bulk parameters and band offsets constitute the only input. Computer requirements are very modest. Calculations for different band offsets and other interface parameters using this versatile approach permit estimates of physically important quantities of relatively unexplored heterostructure systems, for example, II-VI superlattices.
Characterization of zeolites by sorption capacity measurements

Publisher Summary This chapter covers the sorption capacity measurement as it provides one of the simplest and most direct ways of characterizing a zeolites. However, the information derived from capacity measurement generally provides only an estimate of sample purity and/or evidence of consistency with a known structure, rather than a means of differentiation between different structures. The molecular volume of the adsorbed phase corresponds closely to that of the saturated liquid sorbate at the same temperature so the measured saturation capacity can be easily converted to the specific micropore volume or, knowing the crystal density, to the intracrystalline void fraction. Automated BET measurement systems such as Omnisorb can also be used to measure saturation capacity. In such devices a dilute stream of sorbate in an inert (He) carrier is passed through the sample and the capacity is found by integration of the measured breakthrough curve. Prior to a capacity measurement any organic template from the synthesis must be removed by oxidation and the sample must be thoroughly degassed. In principle almost any of the common small molecules can be used as the probe sorbate although, in practice, the choice is generally restricted to Ar, O 2 or N 2 . Linear paraffins such as nhexane have sufficient flexibility to pack within the micropores almost as effectively as the smaller molecules so n-hexane capacities are also commonly used to measure specific micropore volume. Bulkier molecules such as i-butane pack less efficiently and thus yield erroneously low estimates for the micropore volume.
Properties of ceramic foam catalyst supports: one-dimensional and two-dimensional heat transfer correlations

Abstract Ceramic foam catalyst supports in structured reactors promise higher external surface areas, lower pressure drop and increased heat transfer than beds of packed particles, especially for reactions limited to the external surface. Heat transfer is an important factor in highly endothermic and exothermic reactions, with the latter more compelling since hot spots, once started, propagate through the bed and lead to catalyst deactivation and decreased selectivity. In this research, we report experimental data from which heat transfer parameters are determined for one- and two-dimensional models, suitable for reactor modeling and analysis. In the 1-D experiments, axial temperature profiles in a 1.27 cm bed of 30-PPI α-Al 2 O 3 foam, covering a temperature range of 25–400 °C and up to air flow rates of 7 SLPM, were used to derive a correlation for the overall heat transfer coefficient comprising radiation and convective terms. The convective term is proportional to the Reynolds number and is greater than that of an equivalent bed of glass spheres by about a factor of two. This convective term is also sensitive to the roughness of the surface, since adding γ-Al 2 O 3 washcoat resulted in a further increase by about a factor two. In the 2-D measurements, at 5 cm diameter cylinder was embedded with thermocouples to measure the radial temperature profile a various axial positions. Data for 150–550 °C and 3–20 SLPM were used to extract the effective bed conductivity and the wall heat transfer coefficient as functions of the temperature and Reynolds number. Comparison of these parameters with beds of particles and structured packing show the foam gives the highest effective bed conductivity and external surface areas, confirming that foams are excellent candidates for reactions occurring on the surface of non-porous surfaces, resulting in high activities per unit volume, low-pressure drop and superior heat transfer. Enhanced mixing and turbulence indicates less susceptibility to hot spot development in exothermic reactions with foams, especially when compared to monolith supports.
Differentiation between the somatostatin inhibition and the post-somatostatin rebound observed on growth hormone secretion in vitro

Abstract A rebound in growth hormone secretion following somatostatin treatment has been shown in several systems where somatostatin suppresses secretion of the hormone. We have developed an in vitro system in which isolated and cultured pituitary cells were perfused after mild trypsinization. After washing, these cells retained their sensitivity and secreted growth hormone (GH) in response to physiological activators (norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin) or inhibitors (somatostatin) as well as pharmacological activators (PGE2). The variation in GH secretion occurred within a minute after commencement of the infusion and was as rapidly reversible and repeatable minutes later. During somatostatin infusion the GH secretion was not totally suppressed (residual secretion (mean ± S.D.) 34 ± 7%). After the infusion a rapid rebound in GH secretion occurred, reaching levels in excess of the pretreatment value of 138 ± 13%. This rebound effect occurred at doses higher than (10−10 M) but not at lower doses, even when significant inhibition was observed. The inhibitory effect is of greater magnitude than the rebound effect (rebound = inhibition × 57 ± 7% (mean ± S.D.)). Furthermore, rebound was not enhanced by prolongation of somatostatin infusion. These latter results indicate that the rebound in secretion cannot be explained on the sole basis of storage of intracellular GH during somatostatin infusion and in fact suggest the involvement of a process of GH degradation and/or an inhibition of GH synthesis.
The clinical significance of the interaction between proton pump inhibitors and clopidogrel

Objective: To determine whether the interaction between omeprazole and clopidogrel is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) class effect or a drug-specific effect. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search for primary literature was completed (through August 2009) using the search terms proton pump inhibitors and clopidogrel. Additional data obtained from references and abstracts presented at clinical meetings were included when appropriate. Study Selection: Nine primary literature articles were identified and reviewed. This included only one prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. The remainder were prospective and retrospective cohort studies and a population-based nested case-control study. Data Extraction: Omeprazole, a CYP2C19 inhibitor, has been shown to increase the platelet reactivity index (PRI) when combined with clopidogrel (52.4% vs 39.8%; p < 0.0001), leading to an increased risk of thrombosis. This combination was also shown to cause a 25% increase in the risk of mortality or rehospitalization for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), with a significantly higher risk for each 10% increase in time on this combination therapy (odds ratio [OR] 1.07; CI 1.05 to 1.09). Conversely, combination therapy with pantoprazole or esomeprazole and clopidogrel caused a nonsignificant increase in PRI (p = 0.382) and adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation (p = 0.69 and 0.88, respectively). Similarly, the combination of pantoprazole and clopidogrel was not associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction (OR 1.02 [0.70-1.47]) when patients were followed for 90 days following hospital discharge for ACS. One study has shown a class effect when PPIs are combined with clopidogrel, leading to an increased risk of a major adverse cardiovascular event (hazard ratio 1.51; 1.39 to 1.64). Histamine 2 (H 2 )-receptor antagonists have not been associated with a significant interaction with clopidogrel in any study. Conclusions: The use of PPIs with clopidogrel may be warranted, based on comorbid disease states for many patients, but H 2 -receptor antagonists should be considered when appropriate, due to their lack of interaction with clopidogrel.
Testimony before the national commission of electronic fund transfers

Abstract : This report contains testimony given 27 October 1976. The author points out that the phrase 'EFT systems' is ill-defined. There are many such already in existence, including the automated clearing house, the cash terminal, and the point of sale terminal. Descriptive billing is a form of a EFT system; the national networks that are operated by organizations such as National Bank Americard are EFT systems. Each deals with payment exchange; each represents an implementation that depends very critically on electronics and computer technology. The authors main discussion is of what he calls 'the fully developed environment' in which the merchant and his bank plus the customer and his bank are electronically linked to complete a transaction. Systems of this kind are beginning to appear, but will become increasingly more important and will be accompanied by increasing problems of confidentiality, security, and privacy. The obvious problem in EFT systems is the unauthorized use of information by authorized recipients or by organizations holding it. To the extent that existing legislation deals with privacy, it attempts to set norms for proper usage of information.