cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CHAPTER 6 – Epiphyseal Disorders of the Knee: Distal Femur, Proximal Tibia, and Proximal Fibula

This chapter discusses the current understanding of the stages, etiology, and pathogenesis of several epiphyseal disorders of knee including osteochondritis dissecans, infantile tibia vara, adolescent tibia vara, and Osgood-Schlatter disease. There are many developmental irregularities in the radiologic appearance of the distal femoral epiphysis, particularly of the secondary ossification center, which are well within a normal range and must not be mistaken for pathological processes. The irregularities include rough or serrated margins of the secondary ossification center, thin bony protuberances from the margins of the secondary center, and small accessory ossification centers. Osteochondritis dissecans is an epiphyseal disorder in which a localized segment of subchondral bone undergoes necrosis and gets demarcated from the surrounding normal bone. When accompanied with fracture and failure of repair it can become separated, along with the overlying articular cartilage, partly or completely from the joint surface, forming an osteocartilaginous loose body or joint mouse. The disorder is seen most commonly in the knee (distal femur), but also in the elbow (capitellum) or ankle (talus), and even more rarely in the proximal humerus and proximal femur.
Improving Yields and Managing Dry Bean Bacterial Diseases in Nebraska with New Copper-Alternative Chemicals

Bacterial diseases, common blight, halo blight, brown spot, and wilt are major constraints to the production of dry edible beans in western Nebraska. Owing to a lack of effective control options, these diseases have been difficult to properly manage. Cultivars with partial disease resistance are available for some diseases, but not for all. Furthermore, few chemical products are accessible other than copper-based products, which have proven to be erratic in efficacy, depending on variables such as pathogen involved, disease pressure, and environmental conditions. Therefore, field studies were conducted in western Nebraska for 7 years (13 site years) evaluating newly emerging copper-alternative chemicals for managing these diseases in dry beans. Over this time period, five different products were tested for at least 2 years each and were compared with two commercially available copper compounds (Kocide and MasterCop). The new alternatives included two growth-promoting chemicals (ecoAgra A300, WakeUP Summer), and three contact sanitizers (Goldshield 5, SaniDate, and OxiDate). Treatments with SaniDate and ecoAgra A300 more consistently produced higher yields than other treatments, while not reducing disease incidence. These improvements were achieved primarily under high levels of disease, providing promise for use in production systems in western Nebraska.
Bullion and Monetary Flows in the Northern Andes: New Evidence and Insights, 1780-1800

Este articulo examina la direccion, la magnitud y la dinamica de los flujos monetarios y de lingotes en el Virreinato de Nueva Granada (actualmente Colombia y Ecuador), el mayor productor de oro del imperio espanol durante el periodo colonial tardio. El articulo entreteje registros notariales y cuentas de las oficinas de correos poco exploradas, para elaborar una geografia monetaria preliminar pero novedosa de la region. Identifica tambien las ciudades y regiones que aglomeraron los flujos de oro y plata en forma de lingotes y monedas. Este articulo tiene un objetivo mayormente empirico: busca proporcionar materiales y perspectivas para estudiar mas a fondo la mecanica del bimetalismo en la region. El articulo sugiere que los mercados de lingotes alcanzaron a llegar a regiones mas distantes de las que se pensaba anteriormente, y por consiguiente, apoya la afirmacion de academicos jovenes que han estudiado el flujo de bienes demostrando que los Andes septentrionales estaban mucho mas integrados. Por lo tanto, es necesario abandonar el marco actual de las fronteras nacionales para analizar las economias de los Andes septentrionales.
Novel representations that support rule-based categorization are acquired on-the-fly during category learning

Humans learn categorization rules that are aligned with separable dimensions through a rule-based learning system, which makes learning faster and easier to generalize than categorization rules that require integration of information from different dimensions. Recent research suggests that learning to categorize objects along a completely novel dimension changes its perceptual representation, making it more separable and discriminable. Here, we asked whether such newly learned dimensions could support rule-based category learning. One group received extensive categorization training and a second group did not receive such training. Later, both groups were trained in a task that made use of the category-relevant dimension, and then tested in an analogical transfer task (Experiment 1) and a button-switch interference task (Experiment 2). We expected that only the group with extensive pre-training (with well-learned dimensional representations) would show evidence of rule-based behavior in these tasks. Surprisingly, both groups performed as expected from rule-based learning. A third experiment tested whether a single session (less than 1 h) of training in a categorization task would facilitate learning in a task requiring executive function. There was a substantial learning advantage for a group with brief pre-training with the relevant dimension. We hypothesize that extensive experience with separable dimensions is not required for rule-based category learning; rather, the rule-based system may learn representations "on the fly" that allow rule application. We discuss what kind of neurocomputational model might explain these data best.
High saturation magnetization and low magnetic anisotropy Fe-CN martensite thin film

Fe16N2 thin films possess high saturation magnetization (Ms) and high magnetic crystalline anisotropy (Ku) simultaneously. For application in magnetic recording and electrical machine, soft magnetic materials with high Ms and low Ku are desirable. In this report, carbon was doped into FeN thin films. Fe-CN martensite thin films, also named “Minnealloy,” were fabricated by a facing target sputtering system. The Fe-CN martensite phase was detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) measurements confirmed the high Ms property even though ordered Fe-CN was not formed. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study was carried out to reveal the carbon and nitrogen electronic environment. The Ku value was obtained from the M-H loop and the law to approach saturation with reasonable consistency around 1–2 × 106 erg/cc, which is about five to ten times smaller than that of the ordered Fe16N2 thin film (1–2 × 107 erg/cc). The combination of high Ms and low saturation fields makes the Fe-CN martensite thin film a potential candidate for the magnetic write head and other applications.
Comparative Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on Response to a Physical Activity Intervention in Older Adults: Results From the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study.

Background Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may protect against aging-related decline. This study directly compared ACEis and ARBs on associations with risk of mobility disability in older adults when combined with a physical activity intervention. Methods This was a secondary analysis of the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) trial. Participants aged 70-89 years were randomized to a physical activity or health education intervention. Outcomes included incident and persistent major mobility disability, injurious falls, short physical performance battery, and gait speed. For this analysis, only participants who reported ACEi or ARB use at baseline were included. Baseline differences between ACEi and ARB groups were adjusted for using inverse probability of treatment weights. Weighted Cox proportional hazard models and analysis of covariance models were used to evaluate the independent effects of medications and interaction effects with the intervention on each outcome. Results Of 1,635 participants in the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders study, 796 used either an ACEi (496, 62.3%) or ARB (300, 37.7%). Compared with ACEi users, ARB users had 28% lower risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.72 [0.60-0.85]) of incident major mobility disability and 35% (HR = 0.65 [0.52-0.82]) lower risk of persistent major mobility disability whereas no interaction between medication use and intervention was observed. Risk of injurious falls and changes in short physical performance battery or gait speed were not different between ARB and ACEi users. Conclusions These results suggest that ARBs may protect from major mobility disability by other mechanisms than improving physical performance.
Association between the chromosome and the cytoplasmic membrane in Bacillussubtilis

Abstract Preparations of membranes of Bacillus subtilis isolated by differential centrifugation contain approximately 5%, 10% and 0.5% of the cellular DNA, protein and RNA respectively. The specific activity (transformants/μg DNA) of the membrane associated DNA (M-DNA) is 2–3 fold higher than the DNA isolated by conventional procedures. The M-DNA isolated from late logarithmic and stationary cultures is selectively enriched in markers at the origin and the terminus of the chromosome. The extent of enrichment can be increased by exogenous or endogenous nucleases. These results suggest that the origin and the terminus of the chromosome are associated with the membrane.
Longitudinal Comparison of in Clinic and at Home Administration of the Cogstate Brief Battery and Demonstrated Practice Effects in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging.

The Cogstate Brief Battery (CBB) is a computerized cognitive assessment that can be completed in clinic or at home. This retrospective study investigated whether practice effects / performance trajectories of the CBB differ by location of administration. Participants included 1439 cognitively unimpaired individuals age 50–75 at baseline participating in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (MCSA), a population-based study of cognitive aging. Sixty three percent of participants completed the CBB in clinic only and 37% completed CBB both in clinic and at home. The CBB consists of four subtests: Detection, Identification, One Card Learning, and One Back. Linear mixed effects models were used to evaluate performance trajectories in clinic and at home. Results demonstrated significant practice effects between sessions 1 to 2 for most CBB measures. Practice effects continued over subsequent testing sessions, to a lesser degree. Average practice effects/trajectories were similar for each location (home vs. clinic). One Card Learning and One Back accuracy performances were lower at home than in clinic, and this difference was large in magnitude for One Card Learning accuracy. Participants performed faster at home on Detection reaction time, although this difference was small in magnitude. Results suggest the location where the CBB is completed has an important impact on performance, particularly for One Card Learning accuracy, and there are practice effects across repeated sessions that are similar regardless of where testing is completed.
Malleable infrastructures: Crisis and the engineering of political ecologies in Southern California:

This paper examines the sociotechnical imaginaries shaping the development, retrofit, and multiple uses of water infrastructure in response to crisis. Focusing on Morris Dam, located on the San Gab...
ABCG2 Overexpression Contributes to Pevonedistat Resistance

MLN4924 (pevonedistat) is a first-in-class NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor in clinical trials for the treatment of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Despite the promising activity of MLN4924 observed in early trials, drug resistance has been noted in some patients. Identifying the underlying cause of treatment failure may help to better stratify patients that are most likely to benefit from this novel agent. Early preclinical studies revealed that the development of NAEβ mutations promotes resistance to MLN4924. However, these mutations have not been detected in patients that are relapsed/refractory to MLN4924, suggesting that other mechanisms are driving clinical resistance. To better understand the potential mechanisms of MLN4924 resistance, we generated MLN4924-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Interestingly, these cells did not develop mutations in NAEβ. Transcriptome analyses revealed that one of the most upregulated genes in resistant cells was ABCG2. This result was validated by quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblotting. Importantly, the sensitivity of MLN4924-resistant cells was restored by lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting ABCG2. Further investigation using ABCG2-overexpressing NCI-H460/MX20 cells determined that these cells are resistant to the anticancer effects of MLN4924 and can be sensitized by co-treatment with the ABCG2 inhibitors YHO-13351 and fumitremorgin C. Finally, HEK293 models with overexpression of wild-type ABCG2 (R482) and variants (R482G and R482T) all demonstrated significant resistance to MLN4924 compared to wild-type cells. Overall, these findings define an important molecular resistance mechanism to MLN4924 and demonstrate that ABCG2 may be a useful clinical biomarker that predicts resistance to MLN4924 treatment.
Google, Inc. v. Oracle America, Inc., United States Supreme Court No. 14-410, Brief of Amici Curiae Intellectual Property Professors in Support of Grant of Petition for a Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit

Amici Curiae are individuals who teach and write about intellectual property at accredited law schools in the United States. Amici submit this brief to express our views and our concerns. In ruling that the Java APIs at issue in this case are protectable expression as a matter of U.S. copyright law, the Federal Circuit has incorrectly applied binding Ninth Circuit precedents and issued an opinion that splits from rulings by the First, Second, Sixth, Ninth, Tenth, and Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals. A reversal is warranted because of three foundational errors in the Federal Circuit’s analysis of software copyright law in the Oracle case.
Peri-procedural Anticoagulation in Patients with Head and Neck Versus Extremity Venous Malformations.

Objective (1) Review a multidisciplinary vascular anomalies center's practice regarding periprocedural anticoagulation for venous malformations (VM) and the associated risk of thromboembolic and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) events. (2) Compare the risk of thromboembolic events and DIC post-procedure between head and neck (HN 11.3%) as opposed to 0 cases in the H&N group (OR: 0, 95% CI .00-.09), p = .049. There was no difference in incidence of post-procedure thromboembolic events between those with elevated D-dimer (H&N: 0%, extremity: 22.7%, 5/22) and normal D-dimer values (H&N: 0%, extremity: 6.3% [1/16], P = .370). There was no difference in incidence of post-procedure thromboembolic events between those who received periprocedural anticoagulation (H&N: 0%, extremity: 21%, 4/19) and those who did not (H&N: 0%, extremity: 8.2%, 4/49), (Extremity: OR: 3.00, .67-13.50, P = .206). Conclusion Post-procedure thromboembolism is rare in the treatment of venous malformations, especially in the head and neck subsite. Regardless of anticoagulation use, there were no thromboembolic events for H&N VM patients. Such events are rare, and the odds may approach zero, especially with small sample size. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 131:1163-1167, 2021.
Enabling Modulation-Instability Combs in Kerr Microresonators for a PAM-4 Communication Link

We demonstrate a 2Gbit/s PAM-4 modulation on a modulation instability (MI) comb induced in a Kerr microresonator. We identify comb states which achieve narrow comb linewidths using a high-resolution optical spectrum analyzer and show how modes evolve within a cavity resonance.
Coping with Global Change: The Need for New Values

The following text was presented to the 1995 conference of the International Council of Philosophical Inquiry with Children, and is reprinted here unrevised. Unfortunately the challenges of coping with global change that it discusses have still not been addressed. Some of the facts have changed—for example, China’s per capita greenhouse gas emissions have risen significantly, although they are still far below those of the United States and most other industrialized countries. But the planet is warming faster than scientists predicted twenty years ago, and little has been done to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, so the problem of climate change is even more urgent than it seemed to be when the text was first presented. Therefore my arguments about the changes we need to make to the way we live are still relevant, and it is for that reason that I have accepted the editors’ invitation to reprint the article.
Effects of leadership style on the policy: Syria and Iraq

Abstract Neighbours, with similar systems of government and sharing a common ideological origin, Syria and Iraq have none the less had markedly different oil histories since 1980. Syria's oil production has tripled since 1982; Iraq's has yet to return to the 3.5 million barrels per day it reached in 1979 and 1980. The reason lies in their markedly different leadership. Asad in Syria has, in his patient, cautious style, virtually eliminated the country's reliance on oil or oil product imports; oil exports are earning substantial sums annually. Saddam Hussain in Iraq, ambitious to make himself and his country leaders in the Arab world, has made a series of decisions having disastrous consequences for Iraq's oil industry — invasion of and war with Iran, seizure of Kuwait, and rejection of UN terms for resumption of oil exports. Contrary to conventional wisdom, he has not authorized exports despite his country's real need for the earnings they would bring.
States of Violence: Sacrifice and Sovereignty

This Chapter examines a complement to the concept of the state’s monopoly of legitimate violence, what I call a ‘monopoly of sacrifice.’ It describes some of the difficulties the United States government has confronted in authoritatively designating which and whose losses and deaths in the name of the nation are considered transcendent or sacred. Through detailed case studies, it describes a state that uses legal form and policy to construe certain deaths as sacrificial, and others as banal, and then explores some of the challenges these designations encounter as non-state actors - Iraqi insurgents, private military contractors, American mothers of soldiers, and detainees - purport to have direct access to sacrificial action and sovereign meanings. Each of these cases illustrates not simply that an ex ante governmental designation is vulnerable to challenge, but the particular role of sacrifice in initiating such a challenge.
Causality and Comparative Advantage: Vietnam’s Role in the Post-ICA International Coffee Market

Although Vietnam comprised a miniscule portion of the international coffee market during the 1900s, its coffee production skyrocketed after the collapse of the ICA and surpassed Colombian production levels. This unmatched increase attributed the drastic decline in world coffee prices to the oversupply of coffee from Vietnam. Following the methods of Dodaro (1993), a Granger causality analysis between Vietnamese coffee exports and ICO composite price produced neither forward nor reverse causality between these two variables. Using the methodology of Carlin, Glyn, and Van Reenen (2001), labor productivity comparisons aimed to explain the shift of coffee export volume from Colombia to Vietnam. Results demonstrated Colombia’s consistently higher labor productivity, thus the disparity in realized comparative advantage does not explain the shift in production. Although Vietnam’s success in coffee production accompanied the Colombian coffee sector’s demise, a direct link between the two economies does not appear to exist. Vietnam’s success likely arose simply from the culmination of relevant government policies, trade agreements, and the collapse of the ICA.
The Sketching Approach to Program Synthesis

Sketching is a new form of localized software synthesis that aims to bridge the gap between a programmer's high-level insights about a problem and the computer's ability to manage low-level details. In sketching, the programmer uses partial programs to describe the desired implementation strategy , and leaves the low-level details of the implementation to an automated synthesis procedure. This paper describes the sketching approach to program synthesis, including the details of the Sketch language and synthesizer. The paper will then describe some of the techniques that make synthesis from sketches possible, and will close with a brief discussion of open problems in programmer guided synthesis.
Gender Moderates the Progression from Fearful Temperament to Social Withdrawal through Protective Parenting

Child gender may exert its influence on development, not as a main effect, but as a moderator among predictors and outcomes. We examined this notion in relations among toddler fearful temperament, maternal protective parenting, maternal accuracy in predicting toddler distress to novelty, and child social withdrawal. In two multi-method, longitudinal studies of toddlers (24 months at Time 1; ns = 93 and 117, respectively) and their mothers, few main effect gender differences occurred. Moderation existed in both studies: only for highly accurate mothers of boys, fearful temperament related to protective parenting, which then predicted later social withdrawal. Thus, studying only main-effect gender differences may obscure important differences in how boys and girls develop from fearful temperament to later social withdrawal.
Analysis of twin beam generation by frequency doubling in a dual ported resonator

A dual ported frequency doubling cavity can be used to generate twin beams in the harmonic output with strong quantum correlations, even in the framework of a plane wave model. For a singly resonant cavity, the steady state solution of the fundamental field has to be self-consistent after propagating one round trip.
Prioritization of MTTC-based combinatorial evaluation for hypothesized substations outages

Exhaustive enumeration of a S-select-k problem for hypothesized substations outages can be practically infeasible due to exponential growth of combinations as both S and k numbers increase. This enumeration of worst-case substations scenarios from the large set, however, can be improved based on the initial selection sets with the root nodes and segments. In this paper, the previous work of the reverse pyramid model (RPM) is enhanced with prioritization of root nodes and defined segmentations of substation list based on mean-time-to-compromise (MTTC) value that is associated with each substation. Root nodes are selected based on the threshold values of the substation ranking on MTTC values and are segmented accordingly from the root node set. Each segmentation is then being enumerated with S-select-k module to identify worst-case scenarios. The lowest threshold value on the list, e.g., a substation with no assignment of MTTC or extremely low number, is completely eliminated. Simulation shows that this approach demonstrates similar outcome of the risk indices among all randomly generated MTTC of the IEEE 30-bus system.
An Essay on Rule 506 of Regulation D; Its Questionable Origins, Regulatory Oblivion and Judicial Revitalization

This essay, based on the author’s presentation last September to the annual meeting of the North American Securities Administration Association (NASAA), addresses several issues related to Rule 506, the most widely-used of the SEC’s transactional exemptions from federal registration of securities offerings. First, the essay questions the validity of Rule 506, given its claimed statutory base in Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933. Second, the essay reaffirms the burden of proof required of issuers on the functionally equivalent issues of preemption and exemption following the metamorphosis of Rule 506 securities to “covered securities” under the National Securities Market Improvement Act of 1996. The essay concludes with suggested regulatory and statutory solutions aimed at restoring the preventive authority of the states in combating securities fraud in their local marketplaces. This restoration would certainly be concordant with the Obama Administration’s directive last spring to all federal departments and agencies to respect the vital role of the states in the pursuit of their regulatory prerogatives, and, thus, to strengthen the core principles of federalism.
Container based parallelization for faster and reliable image segmentation

In this paper, we describe a scalable and economical architecture for performing container based parallelization to obtain the best possible quantized image using different quantization techniques on the cloud. This approach using containers can be scaled to be used with huge datasets. The quantization techniques used in this paper are fuzzy entropy and genetic algorithm based techniques. Different types of membership functions are used in each technique to calculate the fuzzy entropy. The best possible quantized image is determined using the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM). This is a futuristic approach for solving lengthy repetitive serial problems in a parallel and economical way. As expected the results significantly better than the serial approach.
Enhanced transmission through periodic sub-wavelength hole structures

The goal of this study is to formulate conditions under which enhanced transmission through periodically perforated perfect electric conductor plates may be achieved.
Bio-relevant shrinkage of desaminotyrosyl based polyarylates

The phase nature and orientational stability of polymers is conveniently monitored using a thermal analysis platform including SC, TMA, DSC to predict end use performances and possible in-vivo capabilities. The polymers in focus are tyrosyl-based polyarylates.
Spectrum analysis of microwave breast examination data and reconstructed images

A broadband microwave tomographic imaging system is being developed for breast cancer detection which exploits the significant electrical property contrast between normal and malignant tissue. The improved image reconstruction algorithm directly processes the log-magnitude and phase values of the measured fields with the frequency rich data set being utilized to acquire the absolute scattered phase terms, especially when multiple wrapping has occurred. In addition, a lower contrast coupling medium has been selected which alleviates certain problems associated with the phase unwrapping task but also appears to reduce artifacts associated with higher permittivity contrasts between the surrounding coupling medium and the breast. Sequences of multi-plane image sets from a low contrast medium examination of a 53 year old woman over a broad frequency range are presented to illustrate the general consistency of the images over the range and to demonstrate the improved resolution at the higher frequencies.
Four Ways Life Extension will Change Our Relationship with Death

Discussions of life extension ethics have focused mainly on whether an extended life would be desirable to have, and on the social consequences of widely available life extension. I want to explore a different range of issues: four ways in which the advent of life extension will change our relationship with death, not only for those who live extended lives, but also for those who cannot or choose not to. Although I believe that, on balance, the reasons in favor of developing life extension outweigh the reasons against doing so (something I won't argue for here), most of these changes probably count as reasons against doing so. First, the advent of life extension will alter the human condition for those who live extended lives, and not merely by postponing death. Second, it will make death worse for those who lack access to life extension, even if those people live just as long as they do now. Third, for those who have access to life extension but prefer to live a normal lifespan because they think that has advantages, the advent of life extension will somewhat reduce some of those advantages, even if they never use life extension. Fourth, refusing life extension turns out to be a form of suicide, and this will force those who have access to life extension but turn it down to choose between an extended life they don't want and a form of suicide they may (probably mistakenly) consider immoral.
Eco-teatro y concienciación medioambiental de la comunidad: la aplicación del teatro para la prevención de incendios forestales

This essay studies the role of theatre as a tool for awareness and forest fire prevention. To achieve this goal, the artistic movement called eco-theater has been analyzed and related to a theatre campaign conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment (MAGRAMA) during the years 2009, 2010 and 2011 in Spain. The campaign took a theatrical production to 161 small towns in areas where the risk of forest fires was particularly high. The results of the analysis and surveys collected show that, at least for a short term period, the audience increased their knowledge regarding this environmental problem thanks to the theatrical representation. The article concludes that eco-theater can be a very useful tool in increasing environmental awareness.
Fibromuscular Dysplasia as a Cause of Stroke in Infancy and Childhood

Two children had abrupt onset of hemiplegia due to childhood fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Although FMD is a recognized cause of strokes in adults, the disorder has not, to our knowledge, been reported previously in children. Our report reviews the pathology and diagnosis of FMD and discusses the complexities of its treatment.
Turning Off the Cell Phones and Living in the Present

Susie Jans-Thomas of Mount Mary College in “Turning Off the Cell Phones and Living in the Present” discussed a project she assigned to her students called the “Cell Phone Challenge.”
The association between enforcement and seat belt use

A statistical association is found between the number of traffic citations for belt law violations versus observed belt use. Also, belt use is higher in primary enforcement states where officers issue such citations for belt law violations alone. In secondary enforcement states officers issue such citations only after stopping motorists for another reason. Most belt laws provide for secondary enforcement. Enforcement data were confined to the highway patrol in each state (local arrest data are rarely compiled statewide). Belt use data were based on observational surveys conducted in each belt law state.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Base Composition of Stentor coeruleus

SYNOPSIS. The deoxyribonucleic acid of Stentor coeruleus has of 33 moles percent guanine plus cytosine. a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.692 gcm−3 and a base composition of 33 moles percent guanine plus cytosine.
Coherent steps of mobile sensing agents in Gaussian scalar fields

This paper develops fundamental theoretical results to describe exploration behaviors of mobile sensing agents in a noisy scalar field. We introduce concepts of coherent steps and incoherent steps of the sensing agents and prove that a step of an agent is coherent if and only if the probability of a false-walk is less than a threshold determined by the explorable probability. Among all possible coherent steps, gradient climbing and level curve tracking are the steps that can achieve local supremum explorable probabilities. We also prove that by increasing the number of agents that are collaborating, the incoherent steps of the collaborating groups can become coherent. Based on estimates of the noise variance, we propose an algorithm that estimates the minimum number of agents required to guarantee coherent steps and implement a strategy that allows the sensing agents to self-organize into groups with the estimated minimum number of agents. Results are demonstrated in multi-robot experiments.
Phosphorus-31 NMR studies of E. coli ribosomes.

Abstract Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, relaxation times and nuclear Overhauser (NOE) enhancement have been measured for E. coli ribosomes, subunits and rRNA. NOE and T1 experiments reveal that the phosphorus relaxation in this organelle is largely dipolar in origin. Moreover these results imply the presence of internal motion within the RNA chain with a correlation time of about 3-5 x 10(-9) sec. In all cases the predominant resonance is centered at about -1.5 ppm (relative to 85% H3PO4) as expected for a phosphodiester linkage where there is a large degree of double helix. The linewidth narrows by about a factor of four when the ribosomal proteins are removed indicating a substantial immobilization of the RNA when it is assembled into the ribosome. In addition to the phosphodiester resonance, ribosomes also reveal one or two narrower resonances shifted to low field by 1-4 ppm. Based on the observation that these resonances show a pH dependent chemical shift, we assign them to phosphate monoesters i.e. terminal 3' or 5' phosphate groups. These terminal phosphates are due to short oligomers of RNA derived from the terminus of the chain.
Dilation of colonic strictures by intralesional injection of infliximab in patients with Crohn's colitis.

Background: Intestinal stenosis is a frequent complication of Crohn's disease, often leading to repeated bowel obstruction and surgery. The prevalence of small bowel stenosis has ranged from 20% to 40% and from 7% to 15% in patients with colonic disease. Although balloon dilation is the initial preferred approach, many patients eventually restenose and require surgical resection or stricturoplasty. Infliximab, a chimeric IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody against TNF-alpha, has been effective in the treatment of enteric as well as fistulous complications of Crohn's disease. Repeated systemic administration has been successful for active inflammatory disease yet has been reported to be ineffective in the treatment of strictures. Although the TREAT registry has shown systemic infliximab to be safe in the long term, there is concern regarding infectious as well as neoplastic complications. Methods: This report describes 3 patients refractory to all medical therapy including systemic infliximab. Results: In all 3 patients, dilation of a colonic stricture was accomplished by injection of infliximab, via the sclerotherapy technique, into the distal and medial portions of the stricture. Conclusions: Infliximab was shown to be effective in the treatment of strictures in 3 patients. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007)
The tower of medicine

N ow the whole world had one language, and that language was called Medicine. Men migrated from the East, and from the West, and settled near the institutions of Medicine. And they said to one another, “Come, let us break atoms, and understand them thoroughly. Let us break the genetic code, and so understand the nature of our existence. Let us make social problems medical ones to better objectify all of our interactions.” And so they developed recombinant DNA for vaccines, genetic screening for health, and psychopharmacology to replace those chemicals of the mind that God had forgotten to give to a man. They then said, “Come, let us build ourselves a heart, a pump to push blood through the veins of man. Let us build ourselves a kidney, to cleanse man’s veins of all that is bad. Let us make a name for ourselves, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.” And the Lord came down to see the pump, and the kidney, and all the chemicals of the mind. All that the sons of man had built. And the Lord said, “Behold they are one people and they have one language, this is only the beginning of what they will do.” And the sons of man continued to build, desiring increased specialization to delve into the intricate wonders of the earth. And the Lord said, “Come, let us go down and confuse their language.” And it came to pass that the application of knowledge was separated from its origin. The physician knew not what the chemist did. The chemist knew not the habits of the physician. Within medicine itself, one specialty did not hearken to the words of another. The sons of man saw this, and saw that this was bad, and so began to make amends.
Multi-Layer Hypercube Photonic Network Architecture for Intra-Datacenter Network

The popularity of cloud computing services is driving the boom in building mega-datacenters. This trend is forcing significant increases in the required scale of the intra-datacenter network. To meet this requirement, this paper proposes a photonic network architecture based on a multi-layer hypercube topology. The proposed architecture uses the Cyclic-Frequency Arrayed Waveguide Grating (CF-AWG) device to realize a multi-layer hypercube and properly combines several multiplexing systems that include Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), Wave-Band Division Multiplexing (WBDM) and Space Division Multiplexing (SDM). An estimation of the achievable network scale reveals that the proposed architecture can achieve a Peta-bit to Exa-bit class, large scale hypercube network with existing technologies.
Searching for the Holy Grail of oncology.

Sculpted by the hands of time, then shrouded in the labyrinthine structure of DNA, the human genome has only recently been mapped and sequenced.[1][1] While the quest for the “secret of life” was at the crux of this unprecedented undertaking, the Human Genome Project was symbolic of a more
Exercise tolerance is reduced in bipolar illness.

Abstract Background Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease is 2–3 times more common in bipolar patients than the general population. Asymptomatic bipolar patients have electrocardiogram abnormalities at high rates. The question of heart function in asymptomatic bipolar subjects arises. Methods This study examined the impact of exhaustive exercise on cardiac function in untrained euthymic bipolar and control subjects. Twenty-four non-athletic adults, 10 controls and 14 with bipolar type I, exercised on a treadmill at 70% of maximal oxygen consumption until physical exhaustion. Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography were performed before and immediately after exercise. Results Bipolar subjects had significantly reduced exercise duration (75.9 ± 40.5min for bipolar and 95.0 ± 40.1 min for control, P Conclusion Medically asymptomatic, euthymic bipolar subjects appear to have reduced exercise tolerance but normal cardiac function. Limitations More bipolar patients smoked (28.6% vs. 0% controls) and patients tended to be heavier (189.1 ± 29.3 vs. 165.0 ± 29.5 lb, t = 2.0, P = 0.06). None of the normal controls were taking any medications. These variables could have impacted the reduced exercise tolerance.
The Simian Virus 40 Late Viral Protein VP4 Disrupts the Nuclear Envelope for Viral Release

ABSTRACT Simian virus 40 (SV40) appears to initiate cell lysis by expressing the late viral protein VP4 at the end of infection to aid in virus dissemination. To investigate the contribution of VP4 to cell lysis, VP4 was expressed in mammalian cells where it was predominantly observed along the nuclear periphery. The integrity of the nuclear envelope was compromised in these cells, resulting in the mislocalization of a soluble nuclear marker. Using assays that involved the cellular expression of VP4 or the treatment of cells with purified VP4, we found that the central hydrophobic domain and a proximal C-terminal nuclear localization signal of VP4 were required for (i) cytolysis associated with prolonged expression; (ii) nuclear envelope accumulation; and (iii) disruption of the nuclear, red blood cell, or host cell membranes. Furthermore, a conserved proline within the hydrophobic domain was required for membrane perforation, suggesting that this residue was crucial for VP4 cytolytic activity. These results indicate that VP4 forms pores in the nuclear membrane leading to lysis and virus release.
Triboluminescence spectra of organic crystals are sensitive to conditions of acquisition

Abstract An examination of the triboluminescence spectra of six crystalline organic solids revealed the presence of both the C 3 π u → B 3 π g emission of dinitrogen and photoluminescence; m -nitrobenzonitrile showed only dinitrogen emission with unusual intensities. The spectra of each solid contained varying fractions of triboluminescent emissions from photoluminescence and dinitrogen emission modified by absorption by the solid, and dinitrogen emission from static discharge to the apparatus.
4-deoxyannomontacin and (2,4-cis and trans)-annomontacinone, new bioactive mono-tetrahydrofuran annonaceous acetogenins from Goniothalamus giganteus

Abstract 4-Deoxyannomontacin ( 1 ) and a mixture of (2,4- cis and trans )-annomontacinone ( 2 ), new bioactive mono-tetrahydrofuran (THF) γ-lactone and keto-lactone acetogenins, respectively, as well as five known mono-THF acetogenins [xylomaticin, longifolicin, longicoricin, (2,4- cis and trans )-gigantetrocinone, and (2,4- cis and trans )-gigantetroneninone], were isolated from the bark of Goniothalamus giganteus (Annonaceae) by activity-directed fractionation using the brine shrimp lethality test (BST). The structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic and chemical methods. The absolute stereochemistries of 1 and 2 were determined by the advanced Mosher ester method and by circular dichroism (CD). Determination of the absolute stereochemistry at C-10 as R for 1 is the first example of the direct determination of the absolute stereochemistry of a carbinol position isolated from other functional groups in the annonaceous acetogenins. 1 and 2 showed selective and potent cytotoxicities to certain human tumor cell lines and were comparable to the activity of rotenone against yellow fever mosquito larvae.
Experimental Studies of Projection: I. Attribution of Traits

Resume On definit de nouveau la projection pour des buts experimentaux comme l'attribution a d'autres personnes des traits ou des desirs que possede un individu mais qu'il ne reconnaǐt pas chez lui-měme (manque de connaissance profonde). Les membres de 3 fraternites vivantes se sont estimes euxměmes et les uns les autres a l'egard de l'avarice, de l'obstination, du desordre et de la timidite sur des echelles de 7 points. Ceux qui ont possede plus que la quantite moyenne des traits selon l'estimation de leurs associes ont ete divises en deux groupes secondaires: ceux qui ont reconnu leur propre avarice ou autre trait (connaissance profonde) et ceux qui se sont estimes moins avaricieux que les moyens (nulle connaissance profonde). Les membres du dernier groupe ont estime d'autres plus severement, c'est-a-dire, plus avaricieux, plus obstines, etc., que l'ont fait les membres du premier groupe. La měme relation s'est montree vraie aux extremites opposees des distributions; par ex., les hommes genereux sans co...
Division in idealized unit cost RAMs

Abstract We study the power of RAM acceptors with several instruction sets. We exhibit several instances where the availability of the division operator increases the power of the acceptors. We also show that in certain situations parallelism and stochastic features (“distributed random choices”) are provably more powerful than either parallelism or randomness alone. We relate the class of probabilistic Turing machine computations to random access machines with multiplication (but without boolean vector operations). Again, the availability of integer division seems to play a crucial role in these results.
Rapid and sustained antidepressant response with sleep deprivation and chronotherapy in bipolar disorder.

Background The development of a rapid-acting and sustainable treatment for bipolar disorder (BPD) depression has been a goal for decades. The most widely documented rapid-onset antidepressant therapy is sleep deprivation (SD), which acts within 24-48 hours in 40%-60% of depressed patients. Conventional antidepressants usually require 2-8 weeks to meet response criteria. The delay, which may prolong suffering and increase suicidal risk, underlines the urgency of alternative treatment strategies. This study evaluates the combined efficacy of three established circadian-related treatments (SD, bright light [BL]), sleep phase advance [SPA]) as adjunctive treatment to lithium and antidepressants. Methods Forty-nine BPD patients were randomly assigned to a chronotherapeutic augmentation (CAT; SD+ BL+ SPA) or to a medication-only (MED) group. Clinical outcome was assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Results Significant decreases in depression in the CAT versus MED patients were seen within 48 hours of SD and were sustained over a 7-week period. Conclusions This is the first study to demonstrate the benefit of adding three noninvasive circadian-related interventions to SD in medicated patients to accelerate and sustain antidepressant responses and provides a strategy for the safe, fast-acting, and sustainable treatment of BPD.
Tapered tilted linear zone plates for focusing hard x-rays

We introduce a new design of tilted linear zone plates, which are named tapered tilted linear (TTL) zone plates. The purpose of the design is to increase efficiency while at the same time keeping the focal plane perpendicular to the optical path. In order to accomplish this, the zone radius and number of zones must become a function of position along the structure. Simulation work described in this paper shows improved optical performance over regular tilted linear zone plates.
Chemical and Electrical Characterization of the CoGa/GaAs Interface as A Function of Temperature: A Thermally Stable Schottky Barrier up to 500°C

X-ray diffraction studies and current-voltage measurements have been performed on a (100) oriented single crystal thin film of Co x Ga 1-x (x = 0.42) grown epitaxially on n-GaAs, from 300°C to 900°C. At this composition, Co x Ga 1-x , which has a broad range of homogeneity and a variable lattice parameter, is lattice matched to GaAs better than 0.5%. A Schottky barrier height of 0.68eV and an ideality factor of 1.07 have been measured up to 500°C, with significant barrier degradation at 600°C. At 700°C formation of the CoGa 3 phase and a shift in Co x Ga 1-x stoichiometry to its bulk thermodynamically most stable composition of Co .45 Ga .55 was observed with x-ray diffraction. At 800°C Co 2 AS formed, and at 900°C only CoGa3 and Co 2 As phases remained in contact with GaAs.
Detection And Characterization Of Flaws On Machined Metal Surfaces

This work studies detection and characterization of flaws on machined metal surfaces based on the flaw depth. Diffracted light resulting from the incidence of a laser beam on the metal surface is sensed by a solid-state detector and analyzed by a digital computer to determine the surface conditions. Statistical analysis and pattern recognition algorithms are used to find data features which strongly correlate with the flaw depth. Trainable classifiers use these features to detect surface flaws whose (maximum) depth exceeds a given threshold. The range of flaw depth and a rough depth estimate are also determined and problems arising due to detector characteristics or interaction of flaw parameters are discussed. Experimental results of near 100% correct detection and 50% to 85% correct range determinations are reported.