cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A method for improving measurement reliability in laryngeal videostroboscopy

Summary We describe a simple clinical tracing technique for making reliable test-retest comparisons of laryngeal stroboscopic images. Six young adults with normal larynges served as subjects. Results show the technique to be useful in estimating repeated examination changes. The technique is safe, quick, simple to perform, and inexpensive.
Rapid Evaluation of Phenolic Component Profile and Analysis of Oleuropein Aglycon in Olive Oil by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization−Mass Spectrometry (APCI−MS)

Epidemiological studies have linked the Mediterranean diet with a low incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Olive oil, the major fat component of this diet, is characterized by antioxidant properties related to their content in catecholic components, particularly oleuropein aglycon. Therefore quantification of these components in edible oils may be important in determining the quality, and consequently its commercial value. The present method allows us to obtain the profile of the phenolic components of the oil from the methanolic extracts of the crude olive oil. In particular tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, elenolic acid, deacetoxyligstroside and deacetoxyoleuropein aglycons, ligstroside and oleuropein aglycons, and 10-hydroxy-oleuropein are clearly identified by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (APCI-MS). Moreover, oleuropein and its isomers present in the oil are quantified by APCI-MS/MS analysis of the extracts without preliminary separation from other phenolic compounds.
Does adverse family environment or sex matter in the salivary cortisol responses to anticipatory stress

We previously reported that in anticipation of a modest stressor, preadolescent sons of drug-dependent fathers (HR) demonstrated a diminished salivary cortisol response relative to comparison boys. No data were available concerning anticipatory salivary cortisol responses in preadolescent daughters of HR fathers. Additionally, we hypothesized that diminished stress responses in HR youth might be an adaptation to a stressful family environment. Consequently, in this report we have examined the role of family environment in the anticipatory salivary cortisol responses in both HR boys and girls as well as their association with a measure of distress in the family environment. Independent of sex, HR children had diminished anticipatory cortisol responses. Girls had significantly higher salivary cortisol concentrations, pre- and post-stressor. However, contrary to our expectation, we could not demonstrate an association between salivary cortisol responses and the measures of the family environment. These results suggest that there may be a sex difference in salivary cortisol dynamics in preadolescent children; however, the functional status of the current family environment does not appear to be related to cortisol reactivity.
X-ray imaging and microspectroscopy of plants and fungi

X-ray fluorescence microscopy and microspectroscopy with micrometre spatial resolution and unprecedented capabilities for the study of biological and environmental samples are reported. These new capabilities are a result of both the combination of high-brilliance synchrotron radiation and high-performance X-ray microfocusing optics and the intrinsic advantages of X-rays for elemental mapping and chemical-state imaging. In this paper, these capabilities are illustrated by experimental results on hard X-ray phase-contrast imaging, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging and microspectroscopy of mycorrhizal plant roots and fungi in their natural hydrated state. The XRF microprobe is demonstrated by the simultaneous mapping of the elemental distributions of P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn with a spatial resolution of approximately 1 × 3 µm and with an elemental sensitivity of approximately 500 p.p.b. Microspectroscopy with the same spatial resolution is demonstrated by recording near-edge X-ray absorption (XANES) spectra of Mn at a concentration of approximately 3 p.p.m.
Climate forcing datasets for agricultural modeling: Merged products for gap-filling and historical climate series estimation

The AgMERRA and AgCFSR climate forcing datasets provide daily, high-resolution, continuous, meteorological series over the 1980-2010 period designed for applications examining the agricultural impacts of climate variability and climate change. These datasets combine daily resolution data from retrospective analyses (the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, MERRA, and the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis, CFSR) with in situ and remotely-sensed observational datasets for temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation, leading to substantial reductions in bias in comparison to a network of 2324 agricultural-region stations from the Hadley Integrated Surface Dataset (HadISD). Results compare favorably against the original reanalyses as well as the leading climate forcing datasets (Princeton, WFD, WFD-EI, and GRASP), and AgMERRA distinguishes itself with substantially improved representation of daily precipitation distributions and extreme events owing to its use of the MERRA-Land dataset. These datasets also peg relative humidity to the maximum temperature time of day, allowing for more accurate representation of the diurnal cycle of near-surface moisture in agricultural models. AgMERRA and AgCFSR enable a number of ongoing investigations in the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) and related research networks, and may be used to fill gaps in historical observations as well as a basis for the generation of future climate scenarios.
Maximum likelihood time delay estimation and Cramér-Rao bounds for multipath exploitation

In this paper, time delay estimation using the maximum likelihood principle is addressed for the multipath exploitation problem, and the corresponding Cramer-Rao bounds are derived. A single wideband radar, and a target in a known reflecting geometry are assumed. If the multipath is indeed detectable and resolvable, it is shown here that multipath exploitation, firstly, permits estimating the angle of arrival (AoA) of the target with a single sensor, and secondly, improves estimation accuracy of the direct path time delay. Both these are possible because the multipath's time delay is a deterministic function of the time delay of the direct path as well as its AoA, as is demonstrated here. The multipath caused from reflections from surfaces yields virtual radar sensors observing the target from different aspects, thereby allowing AoA estimation.
“Do You Want Fries with That?” A Review of the Bachelor's Program in Political Science

The study of Political Science has much to offer college students. The program broadens our understanding of ourselves and our world However, I argue that this is not a sufficient basis upon which to build a college major, especially in light of changing economic circumstances and changing educational demands from our students. Students increasingly come to college to earn degrees that will lead to employment, and most undergraduates do not perceive of the BA in Political Science as a gateway degree, but rather as a terminal degree. Our failure to offer the BA as a terminal degree harms our programs and our graduates. I offer three solutions to the dilemma of Political Science: eliminate the BA program entirely; use our elective offerings to guide students into gaining useful job skills while earning a BA in Political Science; and revamp the BA program to be a terminal degree program, offering real job skills integrated into our overall course offerings.
Increased efficacy and decreased systemic-effects of botulinum toxin A injection after active or passive muscle manipulation.

The effect of physical manipulation on the outcome of neurotoxin (NT) injection was studied in a rat tibialis anterior (TA) model system where dorsiflexion torque could be measured precisely. After determination of initial torque, all rats received a one-time botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection (dose 6.0 units/kg in a volume of 100μL) into the TA midbelly. Four experimental groups were studied: one group was subjected to BTX-A injection alone (BTX-A only, n=8), one was subjected to BTX-A injection followed immediately by 10 isometric contractions (ISO; n=9), and the third was subjected to BTX-A followed immediately by 10 muscle passive stretch/release cycles (PS; n=10). After 1 month, maximum dorsiflexion torque of the injected and contralateral legs was determined followed by quantification of TA fiber area. Post-injection torque was significantly reduced by around 80% in all NT-treated extremities 1 month after injection (p<0.05). While all NT-treated extremities demonstrated a significant torque decrease relative to their pre-injection levels, ISO and PS groups demonstrated significantly lower torques compared with the BTX-A only group which received no physical manipulation (p<0.05) indicating greater efficacy. Perhaps even more surprising was that the ISO and PS groups both demonstrated a significantly smaller contralateral effect compared with the BTX-A only group that received no manipulation (p<0.05) indicating a decreased systemic-effect. Muscle fiber size generally correlated with dorsiflexion torque. These data demonstrate that both neuromuscular activity (seen in the ISO group) and muscle movement (seen in the PS group) increased the efficacy of BTX-A and decreased the systemic side effects.
Moral Problematics in the Novels of Richard Powers

Richard Powers's novels all offer us two imperatives, and they conflict. One is to study and observe—science, nature, music, almost anything—and derive happiness from understanding their interconnections. The other is to help the vast majority of people in the world who live terrible lives. Powers tries to work out some kind of balance between the two, and while he finds no easy answer, he suggests that if our culture encouraged finding happiness internally through mental exertions, we might free ourselves from our consumerist-oriented patterns and thus perhaps open possibilities for improving our world.
Conscious and preconscious influences on recall: a reassessment and extension.

In an attempt to replicate the Spence (1964) finding that primary recall hinders the recall of primary associates, an experiment controlling for serial position and associative clustering effects was performed. Results were obtained which indicate facilitation rather than restriction of associate recall after primary recall. Spence-type results were obtained, however, with Ss whose scores were above the sample mean on the Extraversion scale of the Maudsley Personality Inventory. In addition, hypotheses based on Eysenck's theories concerning introversion-extraversion and anxiety were tested as to their efficacy in predicting the amount and pattern of primary associate (associates to the primary of a word list) and control word associate (associates related to a primary which does not appear in the word list) recall. As predicted, extraversion correlated with the degree to which S alternated between primary associates and control associates during recall. Anxiety was not related to any of the experimental m...
MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF CHANGING TIMES

JOHN S. ZAPP, D.D.S. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION W hether the focus is on technology, the political climate or marketplace conditions, developments this past year certainly underscored the fact that we live in rapidly changing times. For the ADA, the challenge is not only to remain in step with the times but also to be on the cutting edge, so that our services and programs are truly relevant to today's members.
Flexible microdevices based on carbon nanotubes

This work reports the fabrication and testing of flexible carbon nanotube microdevices made using hot embossing material transfer. Both micro-plasma and photodetector devices were made using as-grown unpurified multi-wall carbon nanotubes printed on PMMA substrates. Optical detectors were fabricated by attaching metal wires and monitoring the resistance as a function of light exposure. The electrical resistance of the nanotubes showed a strong sensitivity to light exposure which was also enhanced by heating the devices. While such processes in MWCNTs are not fully understood, the addition of thermal energy is believed to generate additional free charge carriers in the nanotubes. The plasma-generating microdevices consisted of a thin layer of thermoplastic polymer having the CNT electrode on one side and a metal electrode on the reverse side. The devices were electrically tested under atmospheric conditions with 0.01–1 kV ac and at 2.5 kHz, with the plasma igniting near 0.7 kV. The fabrication of these flexible organic devices demonstrates the ability to pattern useful carbon nanotube microdevices in low-cost thermoplastic polymers.
A SELF‐MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR SUPERVISION

The authors present a management-of-self model of supervision that is currently being used in the graduate training program in marriage and family therapy at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. The major proposition of the model is that as the supervisee comes to understand how family of origin and family constellation patterns learned in the past are reenacted within the therapeutic context, he/she can then interrupt those patterns of interaction that tend to inhibit his/her therapeutic effectiveness.
Age-Based Differences in Treatment Outcome Among Alcohol-Dependent Women

The literature suggests that women are at higher risk for negative consequences from alcohol use than men and that these risks are compounded by age. The current study investigated how alcohol-dependent women from different age groups might differ in terms of baseline functioning and treatment response. The sample consisted of 181 participants drawn from two randomized clinical trials of cognitive-behavioral treatments for alcohol-dependent women. Demographic and psychopathology data were obtained at baseline using the SCID (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM disorders) I for Axis I disorders and the SCID II or Personality Disorders Questionnaire for Axis II disorders. Social networks data were collected using the Important People and Activities Interview. Drinking data were collected at baseline and follow-up using the Timeline Follow Back Interview. ANOVAs revealed that older women had better psychosocial functioning in terms of being better educated and reporting fewer Axis I disorders. Also, older women had more supportive social networks in terms of more people, a smaller percentage of heavy drinkers, and a nondrinking spouse. Older women reported a less severe lifetime substance use history with a later age of first drink, later onset of alcohol use disorders, fewer lifetime abuse/dependence items, and less drug use. However, they reported drinking more frequently and more heavily over the 90 days prior to treatment. Finally, older women were more compliant with treatment and responded better by reducing drinking frequency and percentage of heavy drinking days. Suggestions to enhance treatment efficacy for younger women are made as well as suggestions for future research.
Cushioned versus noncushioned centrifugation: sperm recovery rate and integrity.

It was hypothesized that optimal sperm recovery rate (RR) without damage to the sperm would be obtained after centrifugation without a cushion solution. Semen collected three times from six light breed stallions was extended to 25 × 106 sperm/mL and centrifuged at CON (noncentrifuged), 900NC (no-cushion), 900C (cushion), 1800NC, and 1800C × g for 10 minutes. Sperm concentration, motility (TM and PM), and intact plasma membranes (PLM) and acrosomes (ACR) pre- and postcentrifugation (D0) and after 24 hours (D1) of cooling were evaluated. The RR in the CON (100 ± 0.0), 900NC (93.7 ± 2.9), and 1800NC (96.7 ± 2.6) groups was significantly higher than the 900C (68.7 ± 4.6) and 1800C (79.6 ± 3.5) groups. The D0 TM and PM were not different between the CON, 900NC, 900C, and 1800C, but were lower for the 1800NC group. The D1 TM and PM of the 900NC (75.2 ± 3.8 and 71.1 ± 4.1) and 900C (76.2 ± 3.7 and 72.4 ± 4.0) groups were significantly higher than the 1800NC (71.7 ± 4.1 and 67.3 ± 4.4) and 1800C (71.6 ± 4.1 and 67.2 ± 4.4) groups, and the CON (66.2 ± 4.5 and 60.0 ± 4.8) group was significantly lower than the other groups. The D1 PLM of the CON, 900NC, 900C, 1800NC, and 1800C groups were not different. The ACR on D1 was significantly lower for the CON (93.0 ± 2.4) group compared with all other groups. Optimal RR preserving sperm integrity was obtained in the 900NC group.
Military industrialization and economic development: Jordan's defense industry

Abstract Jordan is a recent entrant to the domestic defense industry with the establishment of King Abdullah II Design and Development Bureau (KADDB) in 1999. The defense industrial initiative is intended to jumpstart industrialization across a range of sectors. With the Jordanian defense expenditures at 8.7% of GDP, the Jordanian authorities created the defense industry to utilize defense budget spending power and to assist in economic growth without placing additional demands on the national budget. This study examines Jordan's attempt to establish a defense industry and reviews its accomplishment. The study also compares the economic achievements of the defense industry to those of the Qualified Industrial Zone (QIZ), another major government facilitated economic development mechanism.
Adsorption And Photodissociation Studies Of Tetramethyltin On CdTe(100)

First experiments of the epitaxial growth of diamond structured a-Sn films by synchrotron radiation assisted photodissociation are reported. Surface sensitive core and valence band photoemission spectroscopy is used to study the adsorption behavior and photodissociation of tetramethyltin on clean and highly ordered CdTe(100) surfaces. A quantitative analysis including the work function change and the evolution of substrate and adsorbate intensities during the overlayer deposition suggests that individual monolayers can be grown by the technique of synchrotron radiation assisted metalorganic layer epitaxy (SRMOLE).
Neural Learning Rules for the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex

Mechanisms for the induction of motor learning in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) were evaluated by recording the patterns of neural activity elicited in the cerebellum by a range of stimuli that induce learning. Patterns of climbing-fiber, vestibular, and Purkinje cell simple-spike signals were examined during sinusoidal head movement paired with visual image movement at stimulus frequencies from 0.5 to 10 Hz. A comparison of simple-spike and vestibular signals contained the information required to guide learning only at low stimulus frequencies, and a comparison of climbing-fiber and simple-spike signals contained the information required to guide learning only at high stimulus frequencies. Learning could be guided by comparison of climbing-fiber and vestibular signals at all stimulus frequencies tested, but only if climbing fiber responses were compared with the vestibular signals present 100 msec earlier. Computational analysis demonstrated that this conclusion is valid even if there is a broad range of vestibular signals at the site of plasticity. Simulations also indicated that the comparison of vestibular and climbing-fiber signals across the 100 msec delay must be implemented by a subcellular "eligibility" trace rather than by neural circuits that delay the vestibular inputs to the site of plasticity. The results suggest two alternative accounts of learning in the VOR. Either there are multiple mechanisms of learning that use different combinations of neural signals to drive plasticity, or there is a single mechanism tuned to climbing-fiber activity that follows activity in vestibular pathways by approximately 100 msec.
Component-Total Task Relationships: Simple and Sequential Practice Effects

The Complex Coordinator was used to examine simple and sequential practice effects on component-total task relations. Part-tasks were three single-level (one rudder and two stick control) tasks, and three double-level (one stick-stick and two rudder-stick) tasks. Of 126 paid male volunteers, 63 practiced first on a part-task then on the total task, and 63 practiced in the reverse sequence. In each of these groups, 7 sub-groups of 9 subjects each were assigned randomly to each of the 6 part tasks and to the total task. Two sessions of five (two-minute) trials were given, with a 15 minute rest between sessions. All groups improved across trials and across sessions, regardless of the task practiced first. However, the single-level rudder task facilitated total practice most. Also, practice on the most difficult among single and double level tasks, respectively, led to the best total task performance. Evidence was also found for distinguishing between multi-limb coordination (coordinated movements of more tha...
On the design consideration of ultra-thin-film SOI MOSFETs

The authors present an alternative thin-film SOI (silicon-on-insulator) design that achieves low source-substrate injection efficiency to enable device operation at 5-V drain bias without transistor latch or anomalous breakdown. As an alternative to LDD (lightly doped drain) implants, two relatively simple alterations to the conventional SOI MOSFET were incorporated. Two features in the proposed structure distinguish it from past thin-film SOI designs: salicide source/drain electrodes that extend fully to the insulating material and complete gate overlapping of source/drain implants. The effectiveness of the proposed design in prohibiting the parasitic bipolar action from becoming catastrophic is shown. The simulated output characteristic reveals a breakdown voltage approaching 7 V for the transistor, a significant improvement over the result reported by G.A. Armstrong et al. (1991). >
Self-Training for Biomedical Parsing

Parser self-training is the technique of taking an existing parser, parsing extra data and then creating a second parser by treating the extra data as further training data. Here we apply this technique to parser adaptation. In particular, we self-train the standard Charniak/Johnson Penn-Treebank parser using unlabeled biomedical abstracts. This achieves an f-score of 84.3% on a standard test set of biomedical abstracts from the Genia corpus. This is a 20% error reduction over the best previous result on biomedical data (80.2% on the same test set).
Gastrointestinal tract duplications: clinical, pathologic, etiologic, and radiologic considerations.

Gastrointestinal tract duplications are uncommon congenital abnormalities. By definition, they are located in or adjacent to the wall of part of the gastrointestinal tract, have smooth muscle in their walls, and are lined by alimentary tract mucosa. The lining mucosa is not necessarily that of the adjacent segment of the gastrointestinal tract. The only clinically important ectopic tissues are gastric mucosa and pancreatic tissue. Although ectopic gastric mucosa is found in duplications at all levels of the gastrointestinal tract, it is most prevalent (43%) in esophageal duplications. Peptic ulcer within this ectopic tissue can account for unusual, often misleading symptoms. Ectopic pancreatic tissue is most common (37%) in gastric duplications and is associated with pancreatitis and elevated amylase levels. Detection of associated vertebral anomalies is a helpful clue in the radiographic diagnosis of duplications. Barium studies usually reveal an intraluminal, intramural, or extrinsic mass, and ultrasono...
IN SEARCH OF FAIR SELECTION PROCEDURES

Prior to 1971 the primary notions of what constitutes unfair test use in selection (commonly labeled test bias) were reasonably consistent, at least among specialists in measurement. As summarized by Bray and Moses, "The key question turned out to be whether test scores meant the same thing in terms of their predictions of job performance for those who were disadvantaged and those who were not" (1972, p. 548). For other purposes "job" might be replaced by "educational" and "disadvantaged" by "members of a minority group" but otherwise the Bray and Moses statement could apply to selection in educational as well as employment settings. The most commonly used approach for evaluating whether test scores meant the same thing in terms of prediction for members of different groups was based on what Petersen and Novick (1976) refer to as the Regression Model. This model, which has sometimes been referred to as the Cleary Model (1968), enjoyed fairly general acceptance with some minor deviations. Assuming a linear regression model, the prediction systems for different subgroups
Botulism and Tetanus: Selected Epidemiologic and Microbiologic Aspects

Botulism is rare in both developing and developed countries. During 1980 only 89 cases (18 food borne, 68 infant, 2 wound, 1 unspecified) were reported in the United States. Coproexamination is essential for laboratory confirmation of infant botulism. Botulinal antitoxins of equine origin are used for treating food-borne and wound botulism but are usually not recommended for infant cases. Tetanus is much more common in some developing countries than in developed countries. During 1980 only 95 cases of tetanus were reported in the United States; in 68 (72%) of these cases, the patient was 50 years or older, and in only two (2.1%) cases was the patient younger than one year. Tetanus neonatorum is a major problem in some developing countries. Diagnosis of tetanus is based primarily on clinical findings, but laboratory studies can be helpful, especially in epidemiologic investigations. Human hyperimmune immunoglobulin is now used in the treatment of tetanus.
Optimization of a fed-batch fermentation process control competition problem using the NEOS server

An optimal control solution to a fed-batch fermentation process, responding to a com- petition call, was developed using the NEOS (network enabled optimization solution) server (http://www-neos.mcs.anl.gov/neos/). Substantial improvement to the nominal performance achieved in the paper demonstrates the ability of the NEOS server and the asynchronous parallel pattern search algorithm. The optimal control problem considered in this paper an identification technique involving a hybrid of mechan- is from a competition raised by the Biotechnological istic modelling and genetic programming techniques was Control Forum (1). The goal was to optimize the per- used to identify the black-box plant model. The perform- formance of a fed-batch fermentation process, using any ance of the model as a 25-time-step-ahead predictor shows technique to model the batch process and to design the that the r.m.s. (root mean square) error between the actual controller.
On threshold rules in decentralized detection

We consider a decentralized detection problem in which a number of identical sensors transmit a binary function of their observations to a fusion center which then decides which one of two alternative hypotheses is true. We show that, when the number of sensors grows to infinity, optimality is not lost (in terms of the probability of error) if we constrain the sensors to use the same decision rule in deciding what to transmit. This results in considerable simplification of the problem. We also discuss the case where the messages may take more than two values and the case of M-ary (M > 2) hypotheses. Next we consider two variants of a decentralized sequential detection problem. For one variant we show that each sensor should decide what to transmit based on a likelihood ratio test; for the other, we demonstrate that such a result fails to hold and that more complicated decision rules are required.
Relationship Between Approved Clinical Instructors' Assessment of Athletic Training Student Clinical Performance and Their Clinical Grade

Context: Approved Clinical Instructors (ACIs) are integral to athletic training students' professional development. ACIs evaluate student clinical performance using assessment tools provided by edu...
Chapter 14 A Simplified Method for the Detection of Mycoplasma

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a recently developed method for mycoplasma detection that involves measurement of nucleoside phosphorylase activity by incubation of radioactive uridine with culture lysates and subsequent chromatographic separation of uridine from the reaction product, uracil. This procedure has proved to be rapid (1–4 hours), and sensitive enough to detect all the infected cell cultures thus far encountered, including some adjudged negative by other methods. Although, as many details as possible have been given below in describing this method, the procedure is inherently quite simple. The usefulness of this method is only slightly limited by the finding that a certain few cell lines normally exhibit significant uridine phosphorylase levels, even though they apparently are uncontaminated (false positives). On the other hand, most cell lines including such widely studied cell types as HeLa, 3T3, and human diploid fibroblasts can be satisfactorily monitored for mycoplasma infection by this method, since phosphorylase levels are quite low in uncontaminated cultures of these cells.
Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Parents' Perceptions of the IEP Process.

Many parents of students with disabilities face barriers to meaningful participation in Individualized Education Plan (IEP) meetings; parents who are culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) encounter additional challenges. Given the changing demographics of the United States and the central role of the IEP in special education, it is important for educators to be aware of and responsive to the experiences of parents who are CLD. This literature review examines nine recent studies investigating CLD parents’ perceptions of their role in the IEP process. Common themes include language barriers, cultural barriers, and insufficient information. Recommendations for improving the experiences of parents who are CLD focus on increasing the availability of qualified interpreters and supporting educators to engage in culturally and linguistically responsive practices.
Real-time spectrally-resolved imaging of the transverse modes in broad area diode lasers

We demonstrate a simple system which is capable of resolving and imaging, in real time, the lateral modes of a multimode broad area diode laser. This technique enables direct characterization of the intensity distribution of each mode of the laser and differs from prior work in that it provides both high spectral resolution (< 3pm) and real-time imaging. This will allow for the first time direct observation of the dynamics of closely spaced lateral modes of in high power broad area diode lasers.
Sovereign Debt, Migration Pressure, and Government Survival:

As soon as the sovereign debt crisis began, it was widely understood that Germany’s response would dictate its ultimate resolution. Whereas the initial round of bailouts stabilized markets and pres...
Effect of Drying after Washing on the Incidence of Eggs Infected by Spoilage Micro-Organisms

Abstract The importance of moisture and humidity in relation to the penetration of bacteria through the egg shell has been pointed out in a general way (Haines, 1939). Experimental studies of the effect of moisture and humidity on the ability of bacteria to penetrate the eggs are probably lacking due to the technical difficulties encountered in the precise measurement of humidity and moisture content and its accurate control. During some preliminary experiments on the effect of humidity, the penetration of bacteria through the shell, the relation of the work to some of the problems encountered in washing eggs was brought out. While further work is under way with regard to the role humidity and shell moisture play in the penetration of the shell by spoilage organisms, an experiment was designed to bring out the importance of adequate drying after the washing of eggs, on the infection of eggs held for a . . .
Globally irreducible representations of SL3(q) and SU3(q)

The notion ofglobally irreducible representations of finite groups was introduced by B. H. Gross, in order to explain new series of Euclidean lattices discovered by N. Elkies and T. Shioda using Mordell-Weil lattices of elliptic curves. In this paper we classify all globally irreducible representations coming from projective complex representations of the finite simple groups PSL3(q) and PSU3(q). The main result is that these representations are essentially those discovered by Gross.
Effects of different land use types on mosquito community

From 2010 to 2011,an investigation was conducted on the mosquitoes in the construction land(Ⅰ),rural land(Ⅱ),wetland(Ⅲ),forest land(Ⅳ),and arable land(Ⅴ) at 21 sites of Wuxi,Jiangsu Province of East China,aimed to understand the effects of different land use types on mosquito community.A total of 10 mosquito species belonging to 5 genera were found,with an average density being 67.94 ind·lamp-1·h-1.The dominant species in the land use types were Culex pipiens pallens in Ⅰ,C.tritaeniorhynchus in Ⅱ,C.pipiens pallens and C.tritaeniorhynchus in both Ⅲ and Ⅳ,and C.pipiens pallens,C.tritaeniorhynchus,Armigeres subalbatus,and Anopheles sinoensis in V.The mosquito density was in the order of Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅴ ⅣIV Ⅰ,with a significant difference(P0.05) among the land use types except between Ⅳ and I.The mosquito biodiversity was in the order of Ⅴ Ⅳ Ⅲ Ⅱ Ⅰ,being significantly(P0.05) higher in Ⅴ and Ⅳ than in Ⅲ,Ⅰ,and Ⅱ.At a similarity of 68%,all the land use types except Ⅳ and Ⅴ had an independent mosquito community.After the lands were transferred to constructed land,the dominant species became C.pipiens pallens only,and the mosquito density and biodiversity decreased significantly.Under urbanization,C.pipiens pallens and C.pipiens pallens-born disease should be controlled,and the importance of controlling C.tritaeniorhynchus and C.tritaeniorhynchus-born disease would decline.
Localization and management of nonpalpable undescended testes.

Preoperative radiologic localization of nonpalpable undescended testes has been attempted as an aid in the selection of the operative approach and in determining the extent of surgical exploration. The authors prefer the technique of transfemoral gonadal venography, and discuss its indications, methods, findings, and complications.
Intravenous insulin infusion therapies for postoperative coronary artery bypass graft patients.

BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia is very common in postoperative coronary artery bypass graft patients. Although sliding scale insulin therapy is often used, there is no standard of care for the management of hyperglycemia. METHODS Different intravenous insulin therapies were used in three consecutive sets of hyperglycemic postoperative coronary artery bypass graft patients. The first method was a sliding scale intravenous insulin regimen beginning with four units/hr, and increasing by four units/hr each hourly bedside arterial whole blood glucose measurement greater than 250 mg/dL (13.9 mmol/L) (n = 58). The second and third methods were constant insulin infusions at a rate of eight units (n = 60) and 20 units/hr (n = 51) respectively. Insulin infusions were reduced to two units/hr when the glucose concentration decreased to 150-250 mg/dL (8.3-13.9 mmol/L), and was stopped when it fell below 150 mg/dL (8.3 mmol/L). RESULTS Thirty percent of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting had a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Forty-eight percent of all patients had a glucose value greater than 250 mg/dL (13.9 mmol/L) within the first 24 hours postoperatively. The three intravenous insulin infusion regimens produced similar control of arterial whole blood glucose concentrations. Patients with high initial glucose concentrations (greater than 400 mg/dL) (22.2 mmol/L) required intravenous insulin therapy for ten or more hours before attaining the target range of 151-250 mg/dL (8.3-13.9 mmol/L). CONCLUSIONS Constant-rate intravenous insulin therapy is effective in lowering arterial whole blood glucose concentrations in postoperative coronary artery bypass graft patients. Initiation of intravenous insulin therapy at lower glucose values reduces the time necessary for the infusion.
High throughput exploration of process-property linkages in Al-6061 using instrumented spherical microindentation and microstructurally graded samples

Recent spherical nanoindentation protocols have proven robust at capturing the local elastic-plastic response of polycrystalline metal samples at length scales much smaller than the grain size. In this work, we extend these protocols to length scales that include multiple grains to recover microindentation stress-strain curves. These new protocols are first established in this paper and then demonstrated for Al-6061 by comparing the measured indentation stress-strain curves with the corresponding measurements from uniaxial tension tests. More specifically, the scaling factors between the uniaxial yield strength and the indentation yield strength was determined to be about 1.9, which is significantly lower than the value of 2.8 used commonly in literature. The reasons for this difference are discussed. Second, the benefits of these new protocols in facilitating high throughput exploration of process-property relationships are demonstrated through a simple case study.
New Substrate Materials-Chemically Bonded Cements

(1989). New Substrate Materials-Chemically Bonded Cements. Materials and Processing Report: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 4-5.
Cognitive Bias and the Creation and Translation of Evidence Into Clinical Practice

The optimal translation of evidence into the clinical practice of nephrology follows validated evidence-based medicine (EBM) principles. Most importantly, the evidence-based medicine practitioner requires that the evidence, as much as possible, addresses in an unbiased manner clinical questions of importance to patients and reflects the truth. In this chapter, we evaluate how cognitive biases that affect medical decision making might systematically bias the overall management of patients with kidney disease and, thus, distort the observations about disease causation, prognosis, diagnosis, and management that are derived from analysis of administrative databases or electronic medical records of health care systems. These cognitive biases influence how questions are framed, how risk factors and health status are measured, how decisions are made, and what actions are implemented. We explore the nature of these biases and the possible places where such biases are most likely to distort clinical care and the collection of the data that is used to inform clinical practice in nephrology. To the extent that cognitive biases selectively modify diagnostic interrogations and therapeutic interventions in some patients, the resultant databases may provide a skewed picture of the health of the nephrology patient population and should be considered with some skepticism when exploited to achieve best practice.
Genre Modulation as Sectional Divider

Recent scholarship on popular music has emphasized the importance of sectionality, analyzing formal, metrical, tonal, and timbral contrasts between the sections of songs. While these approaches have yielded considerable insight into structural compositional techniques, such focused and disparate approaches invite the ques-tion of overarching stylistic or generic contrasts within songs. Genre modulation—the practice by which a number of musical parameters within a song may signal a change in genre—can be perceived in much popular music since 1950, and may be an important factor in perceptions of sectionality within popular music.
Mind-body medicine epigenetic technique (MET), cognitive flexibility, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene expression.

172Background: This is a pilot study update on the potential of MET to up-regulate BDNF gene expression with breast cancer patients assessed with high cognitive flexibility. MET is a technique developed to manage chronic stress and anxiety. BDNF gene expression is associated with learning and memory. Cognitively flexibility is defined as the ability to focus and sustain attention. It also implies vivid imagination and holistic thinking. Methods: The selection process for the study participants was nonrandom. The following was the eligibility criteria. 1. Inclusion Criteria: Breast Cancer, Stages II, III 2. Exclusion Criteria: Cognitively impaired, weak or ill. The study utilized two groups. Each group was assigned two research participants. Group One received one session of MET. Group Two received two sessions of MET. Each MET session was approximately 25-35 minutes in duration. Blood samples were taken at baseline and post-MET sessions to provide evidence in gene expression changes. For Group Two, the po...
Modulational instability in normally dispersive tapered multimode fibers

We show that modulational instability can occur in normally dispersive adiabatically tapered parabolic multimode fibers. Experimental results corroborate this intriguing phenomenon at 1.064 μm, indicating that the sideband gain is dictated by the tapering rate.
Abstract 215: Systemic Inflammation Exacerbates Electrophysiological Remodeling and Arrhythmia Following Myocardial Infarction

Introduction: Inflammatory macrophages infiltrate the heart following myocardial infarction (MI) and secrete proteases and cytokines that may contribute to adverse electrophysiological remodeling. Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of MI, is associated with elevated systemic inflammation. Using a novel combination of optical mapping and molecular imaging, we sought to determine if systemic inflammation exacerbates electrophysiological remodeling and arrhythmogenesis. Methods: A protease activatable fluorescent sensor (Prosense680) was injected I.V. 4 days post MI in mice. Optical mapping of transmembrane potential was performed 5 days post MI on Langendorff-perfused hearts to assess electrophysiology. Fluorescence reflectance imaging of Prosense680 was then performed to visualize and quantify inflammatory protease activity. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS:10 μ g/day, n=6) was injected I.P. to promote systemic inflammation or saline as control (SAL, n=7). Results: Inflammation levels were greater in MI+LPS vs MI+SAL hearts (5.626±1.5 vs 1.73±0.25 A.U., p Conclusions: Elevated post-MI inflammation may contribute to electrophysiological remodeling and arrhythmias. These findings have important implications for the etiology of post-MI arrhythmias in humans with systemic inflammation.
How International Rankings Constitute and Limit Our Understanding of Global Governance Challenges: The Case of Corruption

This chapter investigates the analytically distorting effects sustained by international corruption rankings of treating corruption as a phenomenon bounded within national units. It questions the resulting understanding that corruption is disproportionately a problem of the developing world, characterised by direct unmediated transfers between bribe-givers and bribe-takers. Instead, the chapter offers a more transnational networked perspective on corruption, premised on the importance of professional intermediaries in facilitating illicit finance, the blurring of legal and illegal capital flows, and the globalisation of the individual via multiple claims of residence and citizenship. These trends are evidenced by a survey of the main components of the relevant transnational networks (shell companies, foreign real estate, and investor citizenship programmes). The chapter also includes a vignette study of the transnational dimensions of corruption involving Chinese individuals and the corresponding response of the Chinese government in internationalising its law enforcement strategies.
Family-Centered Preventive Intervention Science: Toward Benefits to Larger Populations of Children, Youth, and Families

The field of family-centered preventive intervention science is well poised to seize an opportunity for larger-scale intervention implementation and greater public health impact. This opportunity has been created by earlier research in the areas of epidemiology, developmental etiology, and intervention outcome research. Both earlier and current research define a number of key tasks required to meet the many challenges involved in scaling-up for greater impact. Illustrations of how these tasks can be addressed are provided in articles on programs of family-centered research with infants, children, and adolescents. Each article in this special issue treats one or more tasks that concern (a) expansion of the set of rigorously evaluated, theory-driven interventions that have potential to reach large numbers of children, youth, and families; (b) effective strategies for family recruitment and retention; (c) cultural sensitivity of interventions; (d) application of a developmental life course perspective; (e) strategies for linking higher-risk population subgroups with potentially beneficial services; (f) improved diffusion mechanisms for sustained, quality delivery; and (g) policy making informed by research, including economic analysis. A summary of how articles address these tasks concludes with a discussion of the importance of futher strengthening a public service orientation in prevention science.
Metabolic Origins of Urine and Other Body Fluids

The kidneys are multifunctional organs which serve primarily to rid the body of metabolic wastes and to form hormones along with other complex functions that aid in body fluid balance and the monitoring of levels of minerals in the body. The kidneys are complex, and in the case of loss of function, provisions must be made to replace the lost actions by means such as kidney transplant or in hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Kidneys filter the blood and remove or conserve specific products of metabolism. Otherwise, the body would not survive for any appreciable period of time.
Agrobacterium as a gene vector for plants: transfer of genes involved in morphogenesis

The general problem of adapting Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer to a specific crop is illustrated with soybean (Glycine mnx [L.] Merrill). The problems encountered with this crop are of two types; the inherent low infectibility of most genotypes, and the nonregenerability of transformed cells to whole plants. We have been able to enhance infectibility by mixed-strain infections using a mixture of the vector strain and a highly virulent helper strain of Agrobarterium tumefaciens. Alternatively, the addition of virulence inducing compounds to the inoculum has enhanced infection in certain instances. The problem of nonregeneration has not been completely solved, however the introduction of tmr mutant T-DNA (transferred-DNA) was successful in causing transformed soybean cells to stably regenerate transformed roots. Nontransformed cells of this genotype (cv Peking) could not be induced to regenerate roots by exogenous hormones. Rhizogenesis in these transformed rhizogenic lines is associated with elevated auxin levels, but other potentiating factors are implicated.
DMSO, Hobby Shops and the FDA: The Diffusion of a Health Policy Dilemma

(1985). DMSO, Hobby Shops and the FDA: The Diffusion of a Health Policy Dilemma. Health Education: Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 23-26.
HETEROGENEITY IN RESPONSE TO AMPHETAMINE IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: EFFECTS OF PLACEBO, CHRONIC PIMOZIDE AND PIMOZIDE WITHDRAWAL

Amphetamine infusions improve, worsen, or do not change psychosis in schizophrenia. Pimozide pretreatment had some minimal effects and pimozide withdrawal did not affect amphetamine response.
Video Analytics for Railroad Safety Research: An Artificial Intelligence Approach:

The volume of video data in the railroad industry has increased significantly in recent years. Surveillance cameras are situated on nearly every part of the railroad system, such as inside the cab,...