cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Global Riemann solver and front tracking approximation of three-component gas floods

We study a 2× 2 system of non-strictly hyperbolic conservation laws arising in three– component gas flooding for enhanced oil recovery. The system is not strictly hyperbolic. In fact, along a curve in the domain one family is linearly degenerate, and along two other curves the system is parabolic degenerate. We construct global solutions for the Riemann problem, utilizing the splitting property of thermo-dynamics from the hydro-dynamics. Front tracking simulations are presented, using the global Riemann Solver. 1 The Three-Component Gas Flooding Model We consider a simplified compositional displacement model for a three-component system at constant temperature and pressure [11], (1.1) (C1)t + (F1(C1, C2))x = 0 , (C2)t + (F2(C1, C2))x = 0 , associated with initial data (1.2) C1(0, x) = C1(x) , C2(0, x) = C2(x) . The independent variables (t, x) are normalized such that the overall velocity is 1. Here Ci is the overall ith component volume fraction, and Fi is the overall i th component flux. For the third component, we trivially have C3 = 1− C1 − C2 , F3 = 1− F1 − F2 . The couplet (C1, C2) takes values in a triangular domain D = {(C1, C2) | C1 ≥ 0, C2 ≥ 0, 1− C1 − C2 > 0} . For the phase behaviors that are considered in this paper, there exists a subset D2 ⊂ D, referred to as the two-phase region, where the fluid splits into two phases, the liquid and the gaseous phases. In the single phase region D1 = D \D2, we trivially have F1(C1, C2) = C1, F2(C1, C2) = C2.
Random Walks and Renewal Theory

Recurrence and transience; dependence on dimension; general recurrence criteria; symmetry and duality; Wiener-Hopf factorization; ladder time and height distribution; stationary renewal process; renewal theorem
High Coulombic Efficiency of Lithium Plating/Stripping and Lithium Dendrite Prevention

The Li plating morphology and Coulombic efficiency of Li deposition are critical for the safety and cycleability of Li metal batteries. Almost all the factors that lead to significant dendritic growth also lead to a lower CE and vice versa. Various factors that affect both the Li plating morphology and Coulombic efficiency of Li cycling will be discussed in this chapter.
Results of omacetaxine plus low-dose cytarabine (LD-araC) in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

7068 Background: Older patients with AML have poor tolerance to intensive chemotherapy and poor prognosis. Omacetaxine is active in AML and is part of standard combination chemotherapy in China und...
Experimentation in Behavioral Psychology

The surest path to ultimate reality is through the experimental sciences. Only by experimentation can we establish functional relations (causal relations). Only by manipulating an independent variable can we prove that it affects a dependent variable. Otherwise we are restricted to mere speculation.
Single-View 3D Scene Reconstruction and Parsing by Attribute Grammar

In this paper, we present an attribute grammar for solving two coupled tasks: i) parsing a 2D image into semantic regions; and ii) recovering the 3D scene structures of all regions. The proposed grammar consists of a set of production rules, each describing a kind of spatial relation between planar surfaces in 3D scenes. These production rules are used to decompose an input image into a hierarchical parse graph representation where each graph node indicates a planar surface or a composite surface. Different from other stochastic image grammars, the proposed grammar augments each graph node with a set of attribute variables to depict scene-level global geometry, e.g., camera focal length, or local geometry, e.g., surface normal, contact lines between surfaces. These geometric attributes impose constraints between a node and its off-springs in the parse graph. Under a probabilistic framework, we develop a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to construct a parse graph that optimizes the 2D image recognition and 3D scene reconstruction purposes simultaneously. We evaluated our method on both public benchmarks and newly collected datasets. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of achieving state-of-the-art scene reconstruction of a single image.
Regional assessment of in vivo myocardial stiffness using 3D magnetic resonance elastography in a porcine model of myocardial infarction.

Purpose The stiffness of a myocardial infarct affects the left ventricular pump function and remodeling. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a noninvasive imaging technique for measuring soft-tissue stiffness in vivo. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of assessing in vivo regional myocardial stiffness with high-frequency 3D cardiac MRE in a porcine model of myocardial infarction, and compare the results with ex vivo uniaxial tensile testing. Methods Myocardial infarct was induced in a porcine model by embolizing the left circumflex artery. Fourteen days postinfarction, MRE imaging was performed in diastole using an echocardiogram-gated spin-echo echo-planar-imaging sequence with 140-Hz vibrations and 3D MRE processing. The MRE stiffness and tensile modulus from uniaxial testing were compared between the remote and infarcted myocardium. Results Myocardial infarcts showed increased in vivo MRE stiffness compared with remote myocardium (4.6 ± 0.7 kPa versus 3.0 ± 0.6 kPa, P = 0.02) within the same pig. Ex vivo uniaxial mechanical testing confirmed the in vivo MRE results, showing that myocardial infarcts were stiffer than remote myocardium (650 ± 80 kPa versus 110 ± 20 kPa, P = 0.01). Conclusions These results demonstrate the feasibility of assessing in vivo regional myocardial stiffness with high-frequency 3D cardiac MRE. Magn Reson Med, 2017. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
A lumped parameter method of characteristics approach and multigroup kernels applied to the subgroup self-shielding calculation in MPACT

Abstract An essential component of the neutron transport solver is the resonance self-shielding calculation used to determine equivalence cross sections. The neutron transport code, MPACT, is currently using the subgroup self-shielding method, in which the method of characteristics (MOC) is used to solve purely absorbing fixed-source problems. Recent efforts incorporating multigroup kernels to the MOC solvers in MPACT have reduced runtime by roughly 2×. Applying the same concepts for self-shielding and developing a novel lumped parameter approach to MOC, substantial improvements have also been made to the self-shielding computational efficiency without sacrificing any accuracy. These new multigroup and lumped parameter capabilities have been demonstrated on two test cases: (1) a single lattice with quarter symmetry known as VERA (Virtual Environment for Reactor Applications) Progression Problem 2a and (2) a two-dimensional quarter-core slice known as Problem 5a-2D. From these cases, self-shielding computational time was reduced by roughly 3–4×, with a corresponding 15–20% increase in overall memory burden. An azimuthal angle sensitivity study also shows that only half as many angles are needed, yielding an additional speedup of 2×. In total, the improvements yield roughly a 7–8× speedup. Given these performance benefits, these approaches have been adopted as the default in MPACT.
ERP prototype with built-in task and process support

Several recent studies of ERP system interfaces have confirmed that their poor usability hinders worker productivity, despite the huge investments companies make in user training and support. Usability challenges arise from the complexity of ERP systems, which are designed as a universal tool for a plethora of organizational practices and contexts. Learning to operate within an excessively vast terrain of ERP task pages and parameters is a significant challenge for most ERP users. Our proposed solution relies on the system itself to share task and process information in order to guide users through learning and performing their business tasks with the system. This perspective arises from employing the human–computer collaboration approach to the design of user interfaces, which we apply as a guiding framework for our research. In this paper, we present two interface components for providing ERP system users with task and process guidance: Automated Playback and Interactive Process Visualization. The novelty of our approach comes from using the history of past interactions to dynamically compose animated demonstrations of task interfaces and to provide an interactive graphical map of the current process being worked on by the user.
The Relationship between Hospital Vertical Integration of Sub-Acute Care and Performance

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between hospital vertical integration into Sub-Acute Care (SAC) and financial and organizational performance. Transaction Cost Economics (T...
“Berliner Sonderschule”: History, Space, and Humour in Jan Ole Gerster’s Oh Boy (A Coffee in Berlin)

The term Berliner Sonderschule appears both in a humorous scene in Jan Ole Gerster’s 2012 film Oh Boy (English: A Coffee in Berlin) and in a media interview in which Gerster uses it to refer to his own cinematic aesthetic. He thereby consciously sets his work apart from recent films belonging to the Berlin School. Exploring various cinematic and narrative techniques in Oh Boy—including how the director spotlights the city’s palimpsestuous architectural objects and displays the influence of German history on present-day Berliners—we reveal what Gerster might mean with his use of the tongue-in-cheek designation Berliner Sonderschule. We assess this appellation also as a way for the director to reinforce his distance from the Berlin School and to refer to his kaleidoscopic aesthetic with self-deprecating humour. In Oh Boy, Gerster confronts the interconnectedness of past and present, critiques the state of cinema in post-Wall Germany, and is not afraid to laugh at himself in the process.
Podcasting in medical education: a review of the literature

Podcasts are increasingly being used for medical education, both within teaching institutions and on an international scale by major journals. To date, there are no evidence-based guidelines for the development of educational podcasts. To review the state of the literature, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and ERIC were searched in May 2016 for articles describing audio format podcasts used in medical education. Eighty-four articles met inclusion criteria. A qualitative synthesis of the evidence was done using Kirkpatrick’s model for evaluating outcomes. Twenty-four articles described reaction outcomes, eleven described learning outcomes, and one described behavioral outcomes. None measured patient impact. The literature demonstrates that podcasts are both feasible and accepted by learners. The mean length of reported podcasts was 18 minutes, which falls within the recommended range in at least one paper, and is consistent with reported listener preference. Interview format, clear disclosures, and accurate information were reported as desirable. There is limited evidence showing the efficacy of podcasts as teaching tools, or regarding best practices in making podcasts. More rigorous studies evaluating efficacy, changes in behavior, and changes in patient outcomes need to be performed in order to prove podcasts’ value and to justify production costs.
The risk of carotid stenosis in head and neck cancer patients after radiation therapy

Abstract Objectives Head and neck radiotherapy (RT) is a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. We performed a retrospective cohort study to evaluate carotid artery stenosis (CAS) incidence in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing RT, characterizing associated risk factors. Materials and methods Records were retrospectively reviewed for HNC patients undergoing carotid ultrasound screening after definitive or adjuvant RT between January 2000 and May 2016. CAS was defined as ≥50% stenosis on imaging, stroke, or transient ischemic attack. Actuarial CAS rates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses predicted CAS risk based on carotid dosimetric and clinical parameters. Results 366 patients met inclusion criteria. Median time from RT completion to last follow-up was 4.1 yr. Actuarial risk for CAS was 29% (95% CI 22–36%) at 8 years. Univariate analysis showed that smoking (HR 1.7; 95% CI 1.1–2.7), hyperlipidemia (HR 1.6; 95% CI 1.03–2.6), diabetes (HR 2.8; 95% CI 1.6–4.8), coronary artery disease (HR 2.4; 95% CI 1.4–4.2), and peripheral artery disease (HR 3.6; 95% CI 1.1–11.6) were significantly associated with increased CAS. In multivariate analysis, diabetes was predictive of time to CAS (HR 1.9; 95% CI 1.1–3.4). Carotid dose parameters were not significantly associated with CAS. Conclusions CAS incidence is high after head and neck radiotherapy, gradually rising over time. No clear dose-response effect between carotid dose and CAS was identified for HNC patients. Carotid artery screening and preventative strategies should be employed in this high-risk patient population.
Families of valued sets as media

It is shown that the family of all valued sets on a finite universe with values in a finite linear order is a medium. Stochastic properties of these media are investigated.
Improving Learning and Performance in Diverse Contexts: The Role and Importance of Theoretical Diversity

This chapter features Indiana University’s Instructional Systems Technology (IST) department. It highlights current theory and research that form the basis of improving learning and performance in diverse contexts. The contributions of professors Boling, Bonk, Brush, Cho, Frick, Glazewski, Haynes, and Reigeluth underscore IST’s past, present, and future as its professors and students engage in the enterprise of teaching and research. Specifically, insight is provided on Boling’s design research, Bonk’s extreme learning, Brush, Ottenbreit-Leftwich and Glazewiski on problem-based learning research, Cho’s citation network analysis, Frick’s theory of totally integrated education, Haynes on social cognitive theory, and Reigeluth’s theory of instruction.
An electronic health record based on structured narrative.

Objective To develop an electronic health record that facilitates rapid capture of detailed narrative observations from clinicians, with partial structuring of narrative information for integration and reuse. Design We propose a design in which unstructured text and coded data are fused into a single model called structured narrative . Each major clinical event (e.g., encounter or procedure) is represented as a document that is marked up to identify gross structure (sections, fields, paragraphs, lists) as well as fine structure within sentences (concepts, modifiers, relationships). Marked up items are associated with standardized codes that enable linkage to other events, as well as efficient reuse of information, which can speed up data entry by clinicians. Natural language processing is used to identify fine structure, which can reduce the need for form-based entry. Validation The model is validated through an example of use by a clinician, with discussion of relevant aspects of the user interface, data structures and processing rules. Discussion The proposed model represents all patient information as documents with standardized gross structure (templates). Clinicians enter their data as free text, which is coded by natural language processing in real time making it immediately usable for other computation, such as alerts or critiques. In addition, the narrative data annotates and augments structured data with temporal relations, severity and degree modifiers, causal connections, clinical explanations and rationale. Conclusion Structured narrative has potential to facilitate capture of data directly from clinicians by allowing freedom of expression, giving immediate feedback, supporting reuse of clinical information and structuring data for subsequent processing, such as quality assurance and clinical research.
Electron capture in low-energy collisions of C q + and O q + with H and H 2

Total electron-capture cross-section measurements are reported for ${\mathrm{C}}^{q+} (3\ensuremath{\le}q\ensuremath{\le}6)$ and ${\mathrm{O}}^{q+} (2\ensuremath{\le}q\ensuremath{\le}6)$ ions colliding with hydrogen atoms and molecules in the energy range ($0.01\ensuremath{\le}E\ensuremath{\le}10$) keV/amu. The cross sections range from (0.5-7)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, and neither obey simple charge-scaling rules, nor exhibit uniform dependences on collision velocity in this energy range. For a given charge $q$, cross sections for the less-highly-stripped oxygen ions exceed those for carbon ions at energies below a few-hundred eV/amu. Comparison is made between these measurements and theoretical calculations which have heretofore remained untested at low collision energies. In general, the agreement is good for those systems where detailed perturbed-stationary-state theory is available, but is best with those calculations in which the collision dynamics as well as the molecular couplings are treated quantum mechanically. Generalized theories which work well for collision systems containing many bound electrons, do not give accurate representations of these few-electron systems at low energies.
Medical marijuana laws and workplace fatalities in the United States.

Abstract Aims The aim of this research was to determine the association between legalizing medical marijuana and workplace fatalities. Design Repeated cross-sectional data on workplace fatalities at the state-year level were analyzed using a multivariate Poisson regression. Setting To date, 29 states and the District of Columbia have legalized the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes. Although there is increasing concern that legalizing medical marijuana will make workplaces more dangerous, little is known about the relationship between medical marijuana laws (MMLs) and workplace fatalities. Participants All 50 states and the District of Columbia for the period 1992–2015. Measurements Workplace fatalities by state and year were obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Regression models were adjusted for state demographics, the unemployment rate, state fixed effects, and year fixed effects. Findings Legalizing medical marijuana was associated with a 19.5% reduction in the expected number of workplace fatalities among workers aged 25–44 (incident rate ratio [IRR], 0.805; 95% CI, .662–.979). The association between legalizing medical marijuana and workplace fatalities among workers aged 16–24, although negative, was not statistically significant at conventional levels. The association between legalizing medical marijuana and workplace fatalities among workers aged 25–44 grew stronger over time. Five years after coming into effect, MMLs were associated with a 33.7% reduction in the expected number of workplace fatalities (IRR, 0.663; 95% CI, .482–.912). MMLs that listed pain as a qualifying condition or allowed collective cultivation were associated with larger reductions in fatalities among workers aged 25–44 than those that did not. Conclusions The results provide evidence that legalizing medical marijuana improved workplace safety for workers aged 25–44. Further investigation is required to determine whether this result is attributable to reductions in the consumption of alcohol and other substances that impair cognitive function, memory, and motor skills.
Erasure Coding in Object Stores: Challenges and Opportunities

Recent years have seen a tremendous growth in the popularity of online services accessed over the Internet. Our daily lives are becoming more and more dependent on these online services, which generate and/or rely on huge amount of data. One core technique to deal with the unprecedented amount of data is the distributed storage systems that allow users/applications to read and write data in a distributed fashion and ensure fault-tolerance, durability, scalability, and availability. This tutorial will focus on the distributed key-value storage systems, i.e., read/write objects.One common implementation of such a read/write object is via replicating data across multiple servers or even data-centers. The replication-based implementation has been studied in the literature, e.g., ABD [Attiya, Bar-Noy and Dolev '96] and LDR [Fan and Lynch '03], and adopted in practice e.g., Cassandra, MongoDB, and DynamoDB. One drawbacks of the replication-based mechanism is high storage cost and communication cost due to unnecessary redundancy.To address the issue, there is an ongoing effort on applying erasure codes to distributed storage systems in both academia and industry. For example, Microsoft applies erasure coding across data-centers to build strongly consistent objects (Giza in Microsoft Azure Storage), and OpenStack provides erasure coding as a storage policy in their read/write object Swift. However, the field is still fairly young and has many interesting open problems. This tutorial will focus on the challenges of using erasure codes in read/write objects that guarantee consistency. To begin with, I will introduce concepts on consistency models, erasure codes followed by some recent algorithms and existing practical systems. I will then discuss the state-of-the-art techniques in this field, and conclude the talk with potential challenges that lead to interesting research problems. The talk will be accessible to anyone with a background a basic knowledge on algorithms or programming. First part of the results are done by Viveck Cadambe, Kishori Konwar, N. Prakash, Nancy Lynch, and Muriel Medard. In the end, I will also share our recent results.
Evaluation of a digital health resource providing physiotherapy information for postnatal women in a tertiary public hospital in Australia.

Background: Pregnancy and childbirth have a profound and lasting effect on the female body. Reduced length of postnatal hospital stay has impacted the ability of physiotherapy staff to provide early intervention and education on postnatal recovery and rehabilitation. A novel method of providing physiotherapy education to postnatal women was implemented in an attempt to meet consumer needs in the changing hospital environment. A digital health resource was developed and evaluated to determine consumer satisfaction and access. Methods: Postnatal women admitted to the postnatal ward were invited to participate in a survey of the digital health resource during a 17-day recruitment period. A participant information sheet was provided to the patient and a signed consent form collected from those willing to participate. Online surveys were emailed to women at approximately 2 weeks postnatal and a thematic analysis of the responses was completed. Results: A total of 88 women were recruited to the study during a 17-day recruitment period with a 30% response rate (n=27) to an online survey sent at approximately 2 weeks postpartum. Of the 27 respondents, 33% had watched the digital health resource and were able to provide feedback on resource content, format and length, as well as enablers and barriers to access and viewing habits. Survey responses indicated the resource was viewed only after discharge from hospital and most commonly on a mobile device. Most women engaged with the resource to learn more about their own recovery, and all women found the advice on pelvic floor exercise useful. Lack of time was the most commonly reported barrier to viewing the digital health resource. Conclusions: This quality assurance project demonstrated the existing digital health resource provides useful information to women following discharge from the postnatal ward but strategies to improve awareness of the resource should be investigated further.
Air Cargo Forecasting in an Age of Electronic Retail

Airports face numerous difficulties in capital planning as a result of instability and unpredictable demand. Some trends such as excess bellyhold capacity have depressed demand for dedicated cargo ...
UPM: Discovering Course Enrollment Sequences Associated with Success

Identifying enrollment patterns associated with course success can help educators design better degree plans, and students make informed decisions about future enrollments. While discriminating pattern mining techniques can be used to address this problem, course enrollment patterns include sequence and quantity (grades) information. None of the existing methods were designed to account for both factors. In this work we present UPM, a Universal discriminating Pattern Mining framework that simultaneously mines various types of enrollment patterns while accounting for sequence and quantity using an expansion-specific approach. Unlike the existing methods, UPM expands a given pattern with an item by finding a minimum-entropy split over the item's quantities. We then use UPM to extract discriminating enrollment patterns from the high and the low performing student groups. These patterns can be utilized by educators for degree planning. To evaluate the quality of the extracted patterns, we adopt a supervised classification approach where we apply various classification techniques to label students according tho their performance based on the extracted patterns. Our evaluation shows that the classification accuracies obtained using the UPM extracted patterns are higher than the accuracies obtained using patterns extracted by other techniques. Accuracy improves significantly for students with larger numbers of patterns. Moreover, expansion-specific quantitative mining leads to more accurate classifications than the methods that do not account for quantities (grades).
What Trademark Law Is Learning from the Right of Publicity

In 2006, Stacey Dogan and Mark Lemley published the now classic article “What the Right of Publicity Can Learn from Trademark Law.” There they urged us to “[r]econceiv[e] the right of publicity as a trademark-like right,” particularly because “looking at the right of publicity through the lens of trademark law offers logical ways to limit the right.” Right of publicity law’s failure to incorporate trademark law’s limitations had resulted, they argue, in the right of publicity functioning as “a mutant version of trademark policy . . . .” I argue here in response that regrettably, notwithstanding Dogan and Lemley’s good advice, the reality is that it is trademark law that has become more like right of publicity law. Indeed, trademark law is in danger of becoming a “mutant version” of right of publicity policy. To defend this claim, I will first briefly survey the conventionally-recognized similarities and differences between trademark law and right of publicity law. I will then propose a more complicated—and, I think, more accurate—comparison between the two areas of law and argue that they are converging in many important ways, giving us the worst of both worlds. In what follows, I will focus more on trademark law, not only because many other contributions to this Symposium thoroughly discuss right of publicity law, but also because I think we should be especially concerned with trademark law’s mutation in the age of Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores and Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission into a kind of right of publicity law for corporate personhoods. Before I proceed, I should emphasize one point from the start. I very much doubt that Dogan or Lemley would disagree with the general thrust of my argument, not least because much of it draws upon other work by them.
Modeling Red Blood Cell and Iron Dynamics in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract : Chronic kidney disease causes a slow loss of kidney function over time and can eventually lead to End Stage Renal Disease, where a patient must undergo dialysis to remove fluids and wastes from the body. These patients also suffer from a lack of the hormone erythropoietin (EPO), produced in the kidneys, that stimulates red blood cell (RBC) production. Without intervention, patients suffer from anemia. Patients are treated with both EPO and iron in order to stimulate RBC production. We develop a partial differential equation model for RBC dynamics using two structure variables, one for age and one for cellular iron endowment. We couple this with a set of ordinary differential equations modeling iron dynamics. We take into account the effects of both inflammation and neocytolysis, which are known to affect patients undergoing treatment.
Multi-Erasure Locally Recoverable Codes Over Small Fields: A Tensor Product Approach

Erasure codes play an important role in storage systems to prevent data loss. In this work, we study a class of erasure codes called Multi-Erasure Locally Recoverable Codes (ME-LRCs) for storage arrays. Compared to previous related works, we focus on the construction of ME-LRCs over small fields. Our main contribution is a general construction of ME-LRCs based on generalized tensor product codes, and an analysis of their erasure-correcting properties. A decoding algorithm tailored for erasure recovery is given, and correctable erasure patterns are identified. We then prove that our construction yields optimal ME-LRCs with a wide range of code parameters, and present some explicit ME-LRCs over small fields. Next, we show that generalized integrated interleaving (GII) codes can be treated as a subclass of generalized tensor product codes, thus defining the exact relation between these codes. Finally, ME-LRCs are investigated in a probabilistic setting. We prove that ME-LRCs based upon a generalized tensor product construction can achieve the capacity of a compound erasure channel consisting of a family of erasure product channels.
Clinical Utility of Weekly Laboratory Testing in the Outpatient Management of Preeclampsia and Gestational Hypertension.

Objective To investigate the utility of obtaining weekly laboratory testing in patients managed as an outpatient for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia without severe features. Study Design A multisite retrospective cohort study was performed evaluating preterm women diagnosed with gestational hypertension/preeclampsia managed in an outpatient setting between gestational ages of 230/7 and 366/7. Patients were divided into two groups: weekly laboratory evaluation (laboratories group) and a no laboratories group. The primary study outcome was composite maternal morbidity including more than one of the following: development of severe features, HELLP syndrome, eclampsia, placental abruption, maternal intensive care unit admission, or maternal death. Results A total of 204 patients were included in this study, laboratories group (n = 120) and no laboratories group (n = 84). The laboratories group was older (28.8 vs. 26.6 years, p = 0.02), had a higher rate of chronic hypertension (44 [36.7%] vs. 17 [20.2%], p = 0.01), and more often experienced the primary composite outcome (53 [44.2%] vs. 24 [28.5%], p = 0.02). No patients in our cohort were delivered for abnormal laboratory values. Conclusion This study found that weekly laboratory testing may have minimal clinical utility in the outpatient management protocol in monitoring patients with mild gestational hypertension or preeclampsia. Delivery was guided by other clinical factors.
Professional Socialization and Mode 2 Knowledge in the Neo-liberal University Prototype

The National Association for Kinesiology in Higher Education conference theme – Leading Beyond the Campus: Driving Change as Experts – responds to public policy demands and signals consequential ch...
Covert movement in English probing wh-questions

Besides fronted information-seeking questions, English also allows for two types of wh-in-situ ones: echo questions, which are used to request a repetition or a clarification of a previous utterance, and probing questions, which are often used in quiz shows, classroom settings, and child-directed speech to “prompt” the addressee for an answer. An acceptability judgment task shows that PQs with multiple wh-phrases get a significantly lower acceptability score than echo questions with multiple wh-phrases despite their similarity in surface structure, which suggests a syntactic difference below the surface. Independent syntactic evidence confirms the result and further suggests that while echo questions involve no syntactic movement (Dayal, 1996), probing questions involve covert wh-movement.
Nicotinic Receptor Subunit Distribution in Auditory Cortex: Impact of Aging on Receptor Number and Function

The presence of novel or degraded communication sounds likely results in activation of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons increasing release of ACh onto presynaptic and postsynaptic nAChRs in primary auditory cortex (A1). nAChR subtypes include high-affinity heteromeric nAChRs commonly composed of α4 and β2 subunits and low-affinity homomeric nAChRs composed of α7 subunits. In young male FBN rats, we detail the following: (1) the distribution/expression of nAChR subunit transcripts in excitatory (VGluT1) and inhibitory (VGAT) neurons across A1 layers; (2) heteromeric nAChR binding across A1 layers; and (3) nAChR excitability in A1 layer (L) 5 cells. In aged rats, we detailed the impact of aging on A1 nAChR subunit expression across layers, heteromeric nAChR receptor binding, and nAChR excitability of A1 L5 cells. A majority of A1 cells coexpressed transcripts for β2 and α4 with or without α7, while dispersed subpopulations expressed β2 and α7 or α7 alone. nAChR subunit transcripts were expressed in young excitatory and inhibitory neurons across L2-L6. Transcript abundance varied across layers, and was highest for β2 and α4. Significant age-related decreases in nAChR subunit transcript expression (message) and receptor binding (protein) were observed in L2-6, most pronounced in infragranular layers. In vitro patch-clamp recordings from L5B pyramidal output neurons showed age-related nAChR subunit-selective reductions in postsynaptic responses to ACh. Age-related losses of nAChR subunits likely impact ways in which A1 neurons respond to ACh release. While the elderly require additional resources to disambiguate degraded speech codes, resources mediated by nAChRs may be compromised with aging.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT When attention is required, cholinergic basal forebrain neurons may trigger increased release of ACh onto auditory neurons in primary auditory cortex (A1). Laminar and phenotypic differences in neuronal nAChR expression determine ways in which A1 neurons respond to release of ACh in challenging acoustic environments. This study detailed the distribution and expression of nAChR subunit transcript and protein across A1 layers in young and aged rats. Results showed a differential distribution of nAChR subunits across A1 layers. Age-related decreases in transcript/protein expression were reflected in age-related subunit specific functional loss of nAChR signaling to ACh application in A1 layer 5. Together, these findings could reflect the age-related decline in selective attention observed in the elderly.
Data analysis algorithm for double-pass testing of the Roman Space Telescope

Double-pass optical testing will play a key role in the alignment and verification of the Roman Space Telescope (RST), NASA’s upcoming flagship astrophysics mission, which was formerly known as the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope or (WFIRST). In this test configuration, optical fibers adjacent to the focal plane detector array will send light through the entire optical system in reverse, to be reflected off an auto-collimating flat (ACF) mirror and back through the system a second time (at a different angle) before reaching the detector. The ACF will be tilted through a range of angles to provide samples across the entire field of view, which is exceptionally large for a space telescope and will exhibit measurable field-dependent aberration. Phase retrieval analysis of the resulting point-spread functions will provide wavefront estimates; however, these wavefronts will include aberrations that were accumulated on both passes through the system at their respective field angles. In order to evaluate the alignment and verification of the system, we must predict the performance of the observatory when operating in single-pass. Therefore, we present an algorithm that will separate the aberrations from the two passes to provide a prediction of the telescope’s performance in single-pass. This is done by fitting the data to a polynomial representation of the underlying field aberrations and requiring that the aberrations accumulated on the two passes be consistent with that model.
Leveraging Implementation Science to Understand Factors Influencing Sustained Use of Mental Health Apps: a Narrative Review

Mental health (MH) smartphone applications (apps), which can aid in self-management of conditions such as depression and anxiety, have demonstrated dramatic growth over the past decade. However, their effectiveness and potential for sustained use remain uncertain. This narrative review leverages implementation science theory to explore factors influencing MH app uptake. The review is guided by the integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework and discusses the role of the innovation, its recipients, context, and facilitation in influencing successful implementation of MH apps. The review highlights critical literature published between 2015 and 2020 with a focus on depression and anxiety apps. Sources were identified via PubMed, Google Scholar, and Twitter using a range of keywords pertaining to MH apps. Findings suggest that for apps to be successful, they must be advantageous over alternative tools, relatively easy to navigate, and aligned with users' needs, skills, and resources. Significantly more attention must be paid to the complex contexts in which MH app implementation is occurring in order to refine facilitation strategies. The evidence base is still uncertain regarding the effectiveness and usability of MH apps, and much can be learned from the apps we use daily; namely, simpler is better and plans to integrate full behavioral treatments into smartphone form may be misguided. Non-traditional funding mechanisms that are nimble, responsive, and encouraging of industry partnerships will be necessary to move the course of MH app development in the right direction.
The Medium of Human Social Life

This chapter reminds us that human social life is inseparable from the physical and biological conditions it necessarily happens in and through at multiple levels. This medium of our lives is referred to here as “biophysical conditions.” Categorized along a spectrum of fixedness and changeability, this concept prompts more explicit attention to that which is always at work in our lives, but either is not directly observable or goes mostly unseen for other reasons. Weaving elementary scientific concepts into examples of different types of biophysical conditions, this chapter highlights the ways humans are shaped by and shape those conditions, bringing to the forefront their essential role in overall socio-environmental processes.
Social Relationships in Nurses' Caring of Adolescents and Emerging Adults With Life-Limiting Illnesses or Injuries.

A multidisciplinary literature theorizes the nurse–patient relationship. Nurses’ experiences with and within people’s social worlds are comparatively underexamined. The purpose of this dimensional ...
A comprehensive modeling method for proton exchange membrane electrolyzer development

Abstract Hydrogen attracts significant interests as an effective energy carrier that can be derived from renewable sources. Hydrogen production using a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer can efficiently convert renewable power via water splitting in wide scales—from large, centralized generation to on-site production. Mathematical models with multiple scales and fidelities facilitate the continuing improvements of PEM electrolyzer development to improve performance, cost, and reliability. The model scopes and methods are presented in this paper, which also introduces a comprehensive PEM electrolysis modeling tool based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, ANSYS/Fluent. The modeling tool incorporates electrochemical model of a PEM electrolysis cell to simulate the performance of coupled thermal-fluid, species transport, and electrochemical processes in a product-scale cell or stack by leveraging the powerful meshing generation and CFD solver of ANSYS/Fluent. The thermal-fluid modeling includes liquid water/gas two-phase flow and simulates a PEM electrolysis cell by using Fluent user-defined functions as add-on modules accounting for PEM-specific species transport and electrochemical processes. The modeling outcomes expediate PEM electrolyzer scaling up from basic material development and laboratory testing.
Multiple Mini Interviews as Part of Holistic Admissions Review for Nursing Schools

Abstract Studies in the nursing admission process have demonstrated the benefits of holistic admissions review. Literature regarding the use of multiple mini-interviews (MMI's) as it relates to the holistic admissions process has been minimally addressed in nursing literature, although widely described in medical education journals. This article will describe the change in the interview process from unstructured group interviews to a structured MMI process for California Baptist University (CBU) College of Nursing, Riverside, CA, and how changes were beneficial for the institution's holistic admissions review process. Many activities were included in this holistic interview process to capture the unique attributes and strengths of each applicant. It was discovered that the change from the unstructured group interview process to the holistic MMI approach helped to identify strong candidates who align with the mission and values of California Baptist University College of Nursing.
The Moral Responsibility of the Corporate Lawyer

Lawyers traditionally claim that they are not morally accountable for the goals or activities of their clients that are within the bounds of the law. This essay explores this concept of non-accountability in the context of corporate transactional representation. We argue that corporate lawyers, whose practice is forward looking, undertaken on behalf of corporate clients who have legally impaired ability to engage in independent moral reasoning, and who function in a world of relatively minimal legal oversight (i.e. whose work is furthest from the model of the adversary system) cannot persuasively claim that they are not morally responsible for the work on behalf of their corporate clients. This conclusion is, in fact, heartening if it encourages corporate transactional attorneys to focus more deeply on the value of their work to society.
Marketing Strategy in an Integrated Europe: Some Research Propositions

European Community 1992 (EC92) reforms have created an opportunity to extend marketing strategy concepts and theories to a global context. This paper uses the Miles and Snow typology to hypothesize how U.S. firms might adapt to the changes currently taking place within the framework of the European integration.
Effects of Beta-Blocker Withdrawal in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Abstract Objectives This study sought to evaluate the effects of beta-blocker withdrawal in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Background Published reports showed trends for either no harm or increased risk of in-hospital mortality, short-term mortality, and rehospitalization rates in patients admitted for ADHF that discontinued beta-blockers; however, a comprehensive analysis has not been conducted. Methods Relevant studies from January 2000 through January 2015 were identified in the PubMed, EMBASE, and COCHRANE electronic databases. Where appropriate data were available, weighted relative risks were estimated using random-effects meta-analysis techniques. Results Five observational studies and 1 randomized clinical trial (n = 2,704 patients who continued beta-blocker therapy and n = 439 patients who discontinued beta-blocker therapy) that reported the short-term effects of beta-blocker withdrawal in ADHF were included in the analyses. In 2 studies, beta-blocker withdrawal significantly increased risk of in-hospital mortality (risk ratio: 3.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51 to 9.14). Short-term mortality (relative risk: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.49; 4 studies) and combined short-term rehospitalization or death (relative risk: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.03 to 2.45; 4 studies) were also significantly increased. Conclusions Discontinuation of beta-blockers in patients admitted with ADHF was associated with significantly increased in-hospital mortality, short-term mortality, and the combined endpoint of short-term rehospitalization or mortality. These data suggest beta-blockers should be continued in ADHF patients if their clinical picture allows.
Parallel cooperative propositional theorem proving

A parallel satisfiability testing algorithm called Parallel Modoc is presented. Parallel Modoc is based on Modoc, which is based on propositional Model Elimination with an added capability to prune away certain branches that cannot lead to a successful subrefutation. The pruning information is encoded in a partial truth assignment called an autarky. Parallel Modoc executes multiple instances of Modoc as separate processes and allows processes to cooperate by sharing lemmas and autarkies as they are found. When a Modoc process finds a new autarky or a new lemma, it makes the information available to other Modoc processes via a “blackboard”. Combining autarkies generally is not straightforward because two autarkies found by two separate processes may have conflicting assignments. The paper presents an algorithm to combine two arbitrary autarkies to form a larger autarky. Experimental results show that for many of the formulas, Parallel Modoc achieves speedup greater than the number of processors. Formulas that could not be solved in an hour by Modoc were often solved by Parallel Modoc in the order of minutes and, in some cases, in seconds.
Fault tolerant control design for complex systems: Current advances and open research problems

Fault Tolerant Controls are highly reliable control systems aimed at increasing system reliability and reducing safety hazards. FTCs are designed to accommodate faults at their early stage of development to prevent those minor faults from developing into failures that might jeopardize system stability and availability. FTC design is a topic of active and ongoing research activities with applications spanning from aircraft systems to nuclear reactors, autonomous vehicles, power plants and underwater vehicles to name a few. This paper gives an overview of recent progress in theory and methods to design and analyze fault tolerant control systems. Strongpoint and shortcomings of each approach are briefly stated. Current research trends and practical implementations are discussed. Open problems related to the topic are also highlighted. The paper is written in a tutorial fashion to summarize some of the recent results in the subject area without going into details. One of the motivations of this paper is to provide some useful information to interested researchers in order to facilitate further developments in this challenging research problem.