cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transient model of crossflow microfiltration

Abstract A theoretical model of crossflow microfiltration which includes the time-dependent decline of permeate flux due to particle layer buildup is presented. The model is based on the shear-induced hydrodynamic diffusion mechanism of particle motion within a concentrated flowing layer near to the membrane surface, balancing the convectively-driven flux of particles toward the membrane surface. The complete convective-diffusion equation is satisfied when integrated across the concentrated particle layer. This model is an extension of an earlier model which describes the steady-state behavior of crossflow microfilters and it includes the possibility of a stagnant particle layer forming between the membrane surface and the concentrated flowing layer. The method of characteristics is used to solve the partial differential equation governing the variation of the permeate flux and of the particle layer thickness and structure, with both time and axial position. The effects of suspension concentration, particle size, shear rate and other parameters are discussed.
“If You Don't Know Where You Are Going, Any Path Will Do”: The Role of Teachers' Visions in Teachers' Career Paths

Drawing upon data from case studies of four teachers conducted over the course of eight years, this research examines the role that teachers' visions—their images of ideal classroom practice—play in teachers' career paths. This paper demonstrates the ways in which teachers' decisions to leave schools were often made for personal reasons, while their decisions to move to a new school were made for pedagogical ones related to teaching aims and goals. The author argues that we should not try to keep teachers from leaving, but rather, enable them to continue choosing teaching again.
Transcription of repetitive DNA in Neurospora crassa.

Repeated DNA sequences of Neurospora crassa were isolated and characterized. Approximately 10–12% of N. crassa DNA sequece were repeated, of which 7.3% were found to be transcribed in mid-log phase of mycelial growth as measured by DNA:RNA hybridization. It is suggested that part of repetitive DNA transcripts in N. crassa were mitochondrial and part were nuclear DNA. Most of the nuclear repeated DNAs, however, code for rRNA and tRNA in N. crassa.
Triacylglycerol Lipase in Developing Rat Sciatic Nerve

Triacylglycerol lipase activity, with a pH optimum of 7.5, was demonstrated in cell-free homogenates of rat sciatic endoneurium. 1,2-Diacylglycerol was the major product of triacylglycerol hydrolysis. A rapid decline in lipase activity was found in rats up to 2 months of age. After this time, the decrease continued, but at a much slower rate. Such developmental changes in triacylglycerol lipase activity may, at least in part, account for the slower metabolic turnover of endoneurial triacylglycerol in adult rat sciatic nerve.
Drying as an immiscible displacement process with fluid counterflow.

Experiments with refractive-index--matched materials show that evaporation of a liquid from a porous medium produces a modified form of immiscible displacement. In this process the displaced fluid is removed from the pore structure by counterflow in the same pore channels as the displacing fluid. Pressure gradients that arise from fluid flow result in displacement fronts that, unlike conventional displacement fronts, are inherently stable irrespective of the relative viscosities of the fluids.
Effects of Perpendicular Blade-Vortex Interaction, Part 1: Turbulence Structure and Development

Three-component velocity and turbulence measurements were performed to document the turbulent flowfield produced downstream of an airfoil encountering an intense streamwise vortex. This configuration serves as a model for perpendicular blade-vortex interactions, which commonly occur in helicopter rotor flows. In the first part of a two-part paper, detailed measurements and analysis of a single flow-that produced by a vortex passing 1/8th chord from the blade-are presented with the objective of revealing the physics and providing a computational test case. It is shown that the vortex passes the blade without immediate change in the form and structure of its core. However, outside the core the flow is modified by the blade wake, which contains negative streamwise vorticity shed as a result of the angle-of-attack distribution induced on the blade by the vortex. This negative vorticity and the turbulent motions of the blade wake then appear to trigger the turbulent decay of the vortex core, resulting in an increase in its size, reduction in its strength, and loss of circulation as its vorticity is partially canceled
De Rhetorica Fullerae

I should say at the outset that I actually like this book a lot, but I am not sure how comfortable I am with liking it. It is the sort of innovative, exciting, exasperating, infuriating, and provocative book that's good even when it's bad, because it sets everyone to talking and arguing about all kinds of things. Initially, I will give a brief gloss (if such a thing makes sense in reference to a piece of Steve Fuller's writing) of the main points of the book and of its virtues. Then I would like to single out two issues for brief discussion: Fuller's conception of rhetoric and in what sense he is still a philosopher, in both his case studies and curriculum, despite advertising to the contrary.
Disruption of orientation tuning visual cortex by artificially correlated neuronal activity

In the primary visual cortex, the development of orientation selectivity is influenced by patterns of neural activity. The introduction of artificially correlated activity into the visual pathway (through synchronous activation of retinal ganglion cell axons in the optic nerve) substantially weakens the orientation selectivity of neurons in superficial and deep cortical layers. This is consistent with activity having an instructive role in shaping cortical neuron receptive field tuning properties.
Breast image feature learning with adaptive deconvolutional networks

Feature extraction is a critical component of medical image analysis. Many computer-aided diagnosis approaches employ hand-designed, heuristic lesion extracted features. An alternative approach is to learn features directly from images. In this preliminary study, we explored the use of Adaptive Deconvolutional Networks (ADN) for learning high-level features in diagnostic breast mass lesion images with potential application to computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) and content-based image retrieval (CBIR). ADNs (Zeiler, et. al., 2011), are recently-proposed unsupervised, generative hierarchical models that decompose images via convolution sparse coding and max pooling. We trained the ADNs to learn multiple layers of representation for two breast image data sets on two different modalities (739 full field digital mammography (FFDM) and 2393 ultrasound images). Feature map calculations were accelerated by use of GPUs. Following Zeiler et. al., we applied the Spatial Pyramid Matching (SPM) kernel (Lazebnik, et. al., 2006) on the inferred feature maps and combined this with a linear support vector machine (SVM) classifier for the task of binary classification between cancer and non-cancer breast mass lesions. Non-linear, local structure preserving dimension reduction, Elastic Embedding (Carreira-Perpinan, 2010), was then used to visualize the SPM kernel output in 2D and qualitatively inspect image relationships learned. Performance was found to be competitive with current CADx schemes that use human-designed features, e.g., achieving a 0.632+ bootstrap AUC (by case) of 0.83 [0.78, 0.89] for an ultrasound image set (1125 cases).
Relationship of magnetic resonance imaging estimation of myocardial iron to left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in thalassemia.

Objectives We sought to evaluate whether echocardiographic diastolic function indices correlate with myocardial iron and systolic function in patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) who are at risk for cardiomyopathy. Background In thalassemia syndromes, there is an important clinical need to risk stratify patients for the development of iron-overload cardiomyopathy so that chelation therapy can be adjusted and cardiac morbidity averted. This purpose may be served by measuring the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived parameter T2*, which varies inversely with tissue iron concentration but has limited availability. As diastolic dysfunction may precede systolic dysfunction, we sought to directly compare more readily available echocardiographic indices of diastolic function to myocardial T2* and ejection fraction (EF). Methods We identified 47 paired echocardiography and MRI examinations in 24 patients with TDT. Echocardiographic measurements of transmitral flow velocities (E, A), tissue Doppler velocities (E′), and left ventricular volume and EF were compared with MRI measurements of myocardial T2*, ventricular volume, and EF. Results All patients had a restrictive filling pattern (E/A ≥1.5 and deceleration time Conclusions In patients with TDT, echocardiographic diastolic function parameters correlated poorly with EF and myocardial T2* and were thus not well-suited for risk stratification. Myocardial T2* had a strong relationship with EF and appears to be a promising approach for predicting the development of heart failure and for iron chelator dose adjustment.
Social impacts of the HIV epidemic.

Since there is no sociological literature on AIDS this paper is an introduction to the concepts of culture social structure population and human ecology with hypothetical applications of AIDS information to these ideas. As C. W. Mills set forth basic questions of social reality applicable to AIDS research might include: what is the social structure of the society; where does the society stand in economic development; and how will the pandemic affect the varieties of people in the society? A culture is the set of ideas and material products that a society uses in interpreting their world. AIDS will renew attention to regulation of sexuality and research on sexual behavior. Social structures are patterns of relationships that give predictability to social life. Patterns of discrimination against minorities and drug users will be affected by AIDS. The dependency ratio of some populations if not the size of the population itself may be affected by AIDS. Human ecology is the study of how societies adapt to physical environments organization and technology. How society uses human and monetary resources will be markedly affected by AIDS considering the high social costs of education condoms treatment death and burial. A list of positive changes that AIDS may evoke is given: new effectiveness of WHO and of indigenous health personnel in developing countries universal health insurance in the U.S. medical rather than criminal treatment of drug users attention to poor minorities and elimination of racial and ethnic prejudices.
Resource allocation optimization for distributed vector estimation with digital transmission

We consider the problem of distributed estimation of an unknown zero-mean Gaussian random vector with a known covariance matrix in a wireless sensor network (WSN). Sensors transmit their binary modulated quantized observations to a fusion center (FC), over orthogonal MAC channels subject to fading and additive noise. Assuming the FC employs the linear minimum mean-square error (MMSE) estimator, we obtain an upper bound on MSE distortion. We investigate optimal resource allocation strategies that minimize the MSE bound, subject to total bandwidth (measured in quantization bits) and total transmit power constraints. The bound consists of two terms, where the first and second terms, respectively, account for the MSE distortion due to quantization and communication channel errors. Therefore, we find the bit allocation that minimizes the first distortion term. Given the optimal bit allocation, we obtain the power allocation that minimizes the second distortion term. Our simulation results are in agreement with our analysis and show that the proposed bit and power allocation scheme outperforms uniform bit and power allocation scheme.
Elucidating protein inter- and intramolecular interacting domains using chemical cross-linking and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight/time of flight mass spectrometry.

Among many methods used to investigate protein/protein interactions, chemical cross-linking combined with mass spectrometry remains a vital experimental approach. Mapping peptides modified by cross-linker provides clues about proteins' interacting domains. One complication is that such modification may result from intra- but not intermolecular interactions. Therefore, for overall data interpretation, a combination of results from various platforms is necessary. It is postulated that the secretory isoform of gelsolin regulates several biological processes through interactions with proteins such as actin, fibronectin, vitamin D-binding protein, and unidentified receptors on the surface of eukaryotes; it also has been shown to self-assemble eventually leading to the formation of homo-multimers. As such, it is an excellent model for this study. We used four cross-linkers with arm length ranging from 7.7 to 21.7A and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry as the analytical platform. Results of this study show that MALDI-based mass spectrometry generates high quality data to show lysine residues modified by cross-linkers and combined with existing data based on crystallography (Protein Data Bank, PDB) can be used to discriminate between inter- and intramolecular linking.
Tomarus subtropicus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Larval Feeding Habits

ABSTRACT The importance of soil organic matter for Tomaras subtropicus Blatchley larval development and survival, the amount of damage larvae could cause on turfgrasses, and potential larval host range were investigated in greenhouse experiments. First instars were reared individually in seedling trays containing sand or peat, with or without St. Augustinegrass. Survival, developmental stage, and final weight were recorded 1 month after introduction. First instars died in the pots with peat but no grass, so it appears that grass roots were critical for larval growth and development. Soil organic matter did not significantly affect grub weight gain and development, but more root loss occurred with grass grown in sand. In host range tests (2005 and 2006), first and third instars were reared on 6 species of warm season grasses and ryegrass. Grub weight gain, development, survival and grass root reduction were determined 2 months after introduction. Larval survival ranged from 62–93% if grubs were reared on w...
Impedance matched hyperlens

We develop an imaging system capable of magnification, subwavelength-resolution and impedance matching, which minimizes reflection losses. We propose a practical design of the system based on available materials and existing fabrication technologies.
Role of SFRS13A in low-density lipoprotein receptor splicing.

Low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is a major apolipoprotein E (APOE) receptor and thereby is critical to cholesterol homeostasis and, possibly, Alzheimer disease (AD) development. We previously identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs688:C>T, that modulates LDLR exon 12 splicing and is associated with cholesterol levels in pre-menopausal women and with Alzheimer disease in men. To gain additional insights into LDLR splicing regulation, we seek to identify splicing factors that modulate LDLR splicing efficiency. By using an in vitro minigene study, we first found that ectopic expression of SFRS3 (SRp20), SFRS13A (SRp38), SFRS13A-2 (SRp38-2) and RBMX (hnRNP G) robustly decreased LDLR splicing efficiency. While SFRS3 and SFRS13A specifically increased the LDLR transcript lacking exon 11, SFRS13A-2 and RBMX primarily increased the LDLR isoform lacking both exons 11 and 12. When we evaluated the relationship between the expression of these splicing factors and LDLR splicing in human brain and liver specimens, we found that overall SFRS13A expression was significantly associated with LDLR splicing efficiency in vivo. We interpret these results as suggesting that SFRS13A regulates LDLR splicing efficiency and may therefore emerge as a modulator of cholesterol homeostasis.
Acute spinal subdural hematoma: MR and CT findings with pathologic correlates.

PURPOSE To determine the MR and CT findings that characterize acute spinal subdural hematoma (ASSH). METHODS The MR, CT, and clinical findings in three patients with surgically proved ASSH were reviewed and also correlated with the postmortem MR, CT, and cryomicrotome findings in three other patients, two with ASSH and one with an acute spinal epidural hematoma. RESULTS Imaging findings in ASSH included: (a) hyperdense lesions on plain CT within the dural sac, distinct from the adjacent low-density epidural fat and silhouetted against the lower-density spinal cord and cauda equina, which it compressed; (b) lack of direct continuity with the adjacent osseous structures; (c) clumping, loculation, and streaking of blood within the dural sac on both MR and Ct; and (d) an inhomogeneous and variable signal intensity to the ASSH on all MR pulse sequences, but, nevertheless, a striking low signal intensity on T2-weighted spin-echo or T2-weighted gradient-echo to a major part of the ASSH because of deoxyhemoglobin. Plain CT was most helpful in compartmentalizing the hematoma. CONCLUSION When MR and plain CT are obtained as complementary studies, they provide characteristic findings that allow the prompt diagnosis of ASSH.
Physician reminders to promote surveillance colonoscopy for colorectal adenomas: a randomized controlled trial.

Most colorectal cancers develop from adenomatous polyps. National guidelines recommend surveillance colonoscopy within 5 years after such polyps are removed. To determine whether surveillance colonoscopy can be increased among overdue patients by reminders to their primary physicians. Randomized, controlled trial of patient-specific reminders mailed to 141 physicians in 2 Massachusetts primary care networks during April, 2006. Seven hundred seventeen patients who had colorectal adenomas removed during 1995 through 2000 and no follow-up colonoscopy identified via automated review of electronic records through March, 2006. The use of colonoscopy and detection of new adenomas or cancer were assessed at 6 months by a blinded medical record review in all patients. Among 358 patients whose physicians received reminders, 33 (9.2%) patients underwent colonoscopy within 6 months, compared with 16 (4.5%) of 359 patients whose physicians did not receive reminders (P = 0.009). In prespecified subgroups, this effect did not differ statistically between 2 primary care networks, elderly and nonelderly patients, or women and men (all P > 0.60 by Breslow–Day test). New adenomas or cancer were detected in 14 (3.9%) intervention patients and 6 (1.7%) control patients (P = 0.06), representing 42.4% and 37.5% of patients who underwent colonoscopy in each group, respectively. Despite using advanced electronic health records to identify eligible patients, 22.5% of enrolled patients had a prior follow-up colonoscopy ascertained only by visual record review, and physicians reported 27.9% of intervention patients were no longer active in their practice. Among patients with prior colorectal adenomas, physician reminders increased the use of surveillance colonoscopy, but better systems are needed to identify eligible patients (ClinicalTrials.gov ID number NCT00397969).
Effect of Transient Voltage on Power Transformer Design The Behavior of Transformers with Neutral Isolated or Grounded through an Impedance

The results of theoretical and oscillographic study of transient voltage phenomena in shell type and core type transformers with neutral isolated from ground, and also with neutral grounded through impedances of different characteristics are briefly described. In the case of isolated neutral, the majority of lightning traveling waves cause the potential of the entire winding, including neutral, to rise above ground to a value at least equal to the applied voltage. In the case of switching surges, the voltage of the neutral, as well as of the rest of the winding, is apt to rise to a value considerably in excess of the applied voltage. In the case of transformers excited with damped oscillations similar to switching surges, oscillographic records of both shell and core type transformers indicate internal voltages to ground approximately four times the applied. Grounding of a transformer through resistance, inductance, or capacitance does not reduce the above internal transient voltages, unless a certain relation is established between these constants, the constants of the transformer circuit, and the wave shape of the line surge. If the proper relation of these constants is established, then internal transient voltages are reduced practically to those of a solidly grounded transformer. A grounding device, called an ``impedor,'' can be designed to have impedance at operating frequency equal to any desired value and to act at transient voltage frequencies as if its impedance were practically zero.
Efficient access to many small files in a filesystem for grid computing

Many potential users of grid computing systems have a need to manage large numbers of small files. However, computing and storage grids are generally optimized for the management of large files. As a result, users with small files achieve performance several orders of magnitude worse than possible. Archival tools and custom storage structures can be used to improve small-file performance, but this requires the end user to change the behavior of the application, which is not always practical. To address this problem, we augment the protocol of the Chirp filesystem for grid computing to improve small file performance. We describe in detail how this protocol compares to FTP and NFS, which are widely used in similar situations. In addition, we observe that changes to the system call interface are necessary to invoke the protocol properly. We demonstrate an order-of-magnitude performance improvement over existing protocols for copying files and manipulating large directory trees.
Viscous damping of perforated planar micromechanical structures.

The paper gives an analytical approximation to the viscous damping coefficient due to the motion of a gas between a pair of closely spaced fluctuating plates in which one of the plates contains a regular system of circular holes. These types of structures are important parts of many microelectromechanical devices realized in MEMS technology as microphones, microaccelerometers, resonators, etc. The pressure satisfies a Reynolds’ type equation with coefficients accounting for all the important effects: compressibility of the gas, inertia and possibly slip of the gas on the plates. An analytical expression for the optimum number of circular holes which assure a minimum value of the total damping coefficient is given. This value realizes an equilibrium between the squeeze-film damping and the viscous resistance of the holes. The paper also provides analytical design formulas to be used in the case of regular circular perforated plates.
Separation of Protein Charge Variants by Ultrafiltration

The removal of product variants that form during downstream processing remains a challenge in the purification of recombinant therapeutic proteins. We examined the feasibility of separating variants with slightly different net charge using high-performance membrane ultrafiltration. A myoglobin variant was formed by reaction of the lysine epsilon-amino group with succinic anhydride. Sieving data were obtained over a range of solution conditions using commercial polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes. Maximum selectivity of about 7-fold was obtained at very low conductivity due to the strong electrostatic repulsion of the more negatively charged variant. Protein separations were performed by diafiltration. A two-stage process generated solutions of the normal myoglobin (in the permeate) and the charge variant (in the retentate), both at greater than 9-fold purification and 90% yield. These results provide the first demonstration that membrane systems can be used to separate proteins that differ by only a single charged amino acid residue.
Photoreceptor sensory cilia and ciliopathies: focus on CEP290, RPGR and their interacting proteins.

Ciliopathies encompass a broad array of clinical findings associated with genetic defects in biogenesis and/or function of the primary cilium, a ubiquitous organelle involved in the transduction of diverse biological signals. Degeneration or dysfunction of retinal photoreceptors is frequently observed in diverse ciliopathies. The sensory cilium in a photoreceptor elaborates into unique outer segment discs that provide extensive surface area for maximal photon capture and efficient visual transduction. The daily renewal of approximately 10% of outer segments requires a precise control of ciliary transport. Here, we review the ciliopathies with associated retinal degeneration, describe the distinctive structure of the photoreceptor cilium, and discuss mouse models that allow investigations into molecular mechanisms of cilia biogenesis and defects. We have specifically focused on two ciliary proteins – CEP290 and RPGR – that underlie photoreceptor degeneration and syndromic ciliopathies. Mouse models of CEP290 and RPGR disease, and of their multiple interacting partners, have helped unravel new functional insights into cell type-specific phenotypic defects in distinct ciliary proteins. Elucidation of multifaceted ciliary functions and associated protein complexes will require concerted efforts to assimilate diverse datasets from in vivo and in vitro studies. We therefore discuss a possible framework for investigating genetic networks associated with photoreceptor cilia biogenesis and pathology.
A Framework with Differential Forms

During the year 1974–1975 which I spent at UW, Madison, WI, Joel ROBBIN showed me a different proof of the div–curl lemma, using differential forms and the Hodge theorem, but it was only a few years later, after obtaining general results of compensated compactness with FrancoisMURAT, that I fully understood the example of differential forms, and what Joel ROBBIN said.
Parsing organizational culture: How the norm for adaptability influences the relationship between culture consensus and financial performance in high-technology firms

Summary The relationship between organizational culture and financial performance remains elusive even though researchers have studied it for some time. Early research suggested that a strong culture that aligns members’ behavior with organizational objectives boosts financial performance. A more recent view is that, because strong cultures promote adherence to routines and behavioral uniformity, they are less effective in dynamic environments. We suggest that the relationship between culture and performance can be reconciled by recognizing that culture encompasses three components: (1) the content of norms (norm content); (2) how widely members agree about norms (culture consensus); and (3) how intensely organizational members hold particular norms (norm intensity). We hypothesize that “strong cultures”—where a high consensus exists among members across a broad set of culture norms—can contribute to better financial performance even in dynamic environments if norm content intensely emphasizes adaptability. We test this hypothesis in a sample of large firms in the high-technology industry. Firms characterized by higher culture consensus and intensity about adaptability performed better three years later than did those characterized by lower consensus, lower intensity about adaptability, or both. We discuss how parsing culture into content, consensus, and intensity advances theoretical and empirical understanding of the culture–performance relationship. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stories of Community: The First Ten Years of Nike Women's Advertising

This semiotic analysis of early Nike women's advertising explores the evolution of the women's brand from its launch in 1990 through 2000, and includes twenty-seven print campaigns. The semiotic analysis is enhanced by in-depth interviews of the creative team. The study is framed by a single research question. What symbolically ties these ten years of advertising into a cohesive whole and how? Ultimately, three distinct mediated communities emerge. The story behind these communities, expressed semiotically and orally, suggests that the power of this advertising lies in its mediated construction of community life. The resonance of these ads is rooted in the creatives' ability to construct signifiers that reflect the cultural and social experiences of women, with storytelling as the single most binding force across this ten-year period. They asked us to build a community of strong and healthy women. - Josie (pseudonym) Art Director, May 2000
Toxicokinetics/Toxicodynamics of γ-Hydroxybutyrate-Ethanol Intoxication: Evaluation of Potential Treatment Strategies

γ-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a common drug of abuse, is often coingested with ethanol. Increasing renal clearance via monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) inhibition represents a potential therapeutic strategy in GHB overdose, as does inhibition of GABAB receptors. In this study, we investigate toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic interactions between GHB-ethanol and efficacy of treatment options for GHB-ethanol intoxication in rats. Sedation was assessed using the endpoint of return-to-righting reflex. Respiration was assessed using plethysmography. Coadministration of 2.0 g/kg ethanol i.v. with 600 mg/kg GHB i.v. increased sleep time compared with GHB alone. Administration of ethanol to steady-state concentrations of 0.1–0.2% and 0.3–0.4% (w/v) did not affect toxicokinetics of 600 mg/kg GHB i.v., or respiratory rate, but did result in significantly lower peak tidal volumes compared with GHB alone. Oral administration of 2.5 g/kg ethanol had no significant effect on toxicokinetics of 1500 mg/kg orally administered GHB. Pretreatment with specific receptor inhibitors indicated no effect of GABAA receptor inhibition on sleep time or respiratory depression in GHB-ethanol intoxication. GABAB receptor inhibition partially prevented sedation and completely prevented respiratory depression. Ethanol increased fatality when administered at 0.1–0.2% (4 of 10) and 0.3–0.4% (9 of 10) versus 1500 mg/kg GHB i.v. alone (0 of 10). Treatment with the MCT inhibitor, l-lactate, significantly decreased sleep time after GHB-ethanol and decreased fatality at 0.1–0.2% (0 of 10) and 0.3–0.4% ethanol (5 of 10). Treatment with a GABAB receptor antagonist completely prevented fatality at 0.3–0.4% (0 of 10). These data indicate that ethanol potentiates the sedative and respiratory depressant effects of GHB, increasing the risk of fatality. MCT and GABAB receptor inhibition represent potentially effective treatments in GHB-ethanol intoxication.
Quisqualate and N-methyl-d-aspartate synergistically excite cerebellar Purkinje cells as a long-term effect

Abstract Interactions between the excitatory amino acids (EAAs) quisqualate (QUIS) and N- methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) were investigated in order to explore mechanisms which may help to explain long-term changes in synaptic efficacy induced by these agents. In 93% of the cerebellar Purkinje (Pnj) cells recorded extracellularly which responded to iontophoretic application of QUIS with increases in discharge of up to 100% above spontaneous levels, NMDA administration sensitized the neuron to further QUIS stimulation by 40–200% over control levels of response. NMDA-enhanced QUIS responses reached maximal levels after termination of NMDA application and persisted for up to 2 h post-NMDA. The NMDA receptor blocker 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV) prevented the observed effect only when administered before but not after NMDA application, suggesting that a long-lasting post-receptor mechanism may be involved in the observed synergistic interaction of QUIS and NMDA.
Vertical movements of the crust: Case histories from the northern Appalachian Basin

Evidence of former deep burial of Ordovician to Devonian strata of the northern Appalachian Basin has been obtained from various techniques of study, including fluid-inclusion homogenization temperatures, δ 18 O, and vitrinite reflectance. Diagenetic minerals indicate paleotemperatures of 100–200 °C. Maximum depths of burial were calculated from the estimated paleotemperatures; a gradient of 26 °C/km was assumed. Silurian strata of the basin are interpreted to have reached maximum burial depths of 5.0 km; Devonian strata in the Catskill Mountains had former burial depths of ∼6.5 km; Lower Ordovician carbonate sequences were buried to >7 km; Middle Ordovician strata had paleodepths of ∼5 km; and Devonian carbonate strata had paleodepths from 4.5 to 5 km. If these strata were buried deeper than previously thought, unexpectedly large amounts of uplift and erosion, ranging from 4.3 to 7 km, must also have taken place to bring these strata to the present land surface. The occurrence of such large-scale vertical movements of the crust and lithosphere must be recognized in paleogeographic reconstructions. Such drastic changes represent isostatic unroofing, with widespread implications for paleogeography of a kind unrecognized at present.
When Can (((X 2 − P)2 − Q)2 − R)2 − S 2 Split into Linear Factors?

We discover two infinite families of integers (P,Q,R,S) such that the polynomial (((X 2 − P)2 − Q)2 − R)2 − S 2 factors into linear factors.
Investigation Into the Quality Factor of Piezoelectric-on-Silica Micromachined Resonators

In this paper, we investigate loss mechanisms in piezoelectric-on-silica bulk acoustic wave resonators, including those resulting from thermoelastic damping (TED), surface roughness, and supporting tethers. Alternate resonator designs, piezoelectric materials, and fabrication processes are demonstrated to empirically test these loss mechanisms. Quality factors ( Qs ) in the order of $\sim 16$ 000 at a center frequency of 5 MHz have been consistently measured for aluminum nitride (AlN)-on-silica coupled-ring resonators. It is shown that neither TED nor surface losses are the dominant sources of loss for AlN-on-silica resonators in the megahertz regime. Instead, it is suggested that charge redistribution loss resulting from non-uniform strain across the piezoelectric layer is the dominant loss mechanism, with a charge redistribution ${Q}$ of $\sim 38$ 000 at 5 MHz for AlN-on-silica devices. When all loss mechanisms are considered, the total ${Q}$ is estimated to be 25000, a value comparable to the measured results of the piezoelectric-on-silica resonators of this paper. [2015-0004]
Does Immigration Induce Urban Sprawl in the U.S.

This article, utilizing U.S. Census data in 1980 and 1990, probes the relationship between immigration and urban sprawl. The preliminary findings reveal that population growth caused by immigration is not likely the major causal factor to urban sprawl. The lifestyle of native-borns is more prone to inducing urban sprawl, since native-borns have generated most of the growth in the number of households, owner-occupied housing, suburban residency, demand for new housing, and private automobile usage for work-trips. The article also shows that household behavior is a critical factor in causing urban sprawl. Household growth rather than population growth has a stronger causal linkage with urban sprawl. Future research, implementing microdata, is necessary to better disentangle the complex relationship.
Comparison of Methods for Identification of Pneumocystis carinii in Pulmonary Aspirates

Specimens obtained by percutaneous pulmonary needle aspiration from patients suspected of having Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis were examined by five staining methods for the presence of Pneumocystis carinii . With polychrome methylene blue (Hema-Tek), Wright, and Giemsa stains, Pneumocystis carinii could unequivocally be identified in three developmental stages: “cyst,” “sporozoite,” and “trophozoite.” Although the contrast of organism against host tissue cells was not outstanding, the simplicity, consistency, and rapidity of the methods were the major advantages. Toluidine blue O stain and methenamine silver nitrate stains provided easy recognition of the organisms, with marked contrast between the organisms and host cells. However, the intracystic structures and trophozoites could not be identified with these stains. It is suggested that the clinical specimen be stained first with the more rapid and simple stains, and if the organism is not found, the methenamine silver stain should be used to arrive at a final conclusion.
Flame spectroscopy of TiO: Chemiluminescence☆

Abstract A study has been made of emission spectra of TiO in chemiluminescent flames produced by reactions of titanium atoms with O2, N2O, NO2, NO, and CO2. Examination of the differences in intensity distributions of the Ti + N2O and Ti + O2 flames supports a recent experiment placing the a1Δ state at about 3500 cm−1 above the X3Δ ground state (1). An infrared system at 843.2 nm has been assigned as the ϵ(E3Π-X3Δ) system, which previously has been seen in an inert gas matrix (2). E3Π state constants (in cm−1) obtained from measured gas-phase bandheads were found to be T 00 = 11 899.3 11 885.6 11 870.6 ± 5.0, ω e = 924.2 ± 4.5, and ω e x e = 5.1 ± 1.0 Addition of active nitrogen to the flames was found to cause considerable enhancement of TiO emission.
Systematic Behavior in Chemical Reactions Driven by Shaped Ultrafast Laser Pulses

We investigate learning control over molecular fragmentation in a series of similar molecules. We interpret the physical mechanism underlying control in terms of an intuitive picture that is based upon ab initio molecular structure calculations.
Combining endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection to treat neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus

Piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is the standard treatment of nodular Barrett’s esophagus dysplasia and T1a cancer. Piecemeal resection may be incomplete and makes precise histologic assessment difficult. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a technique that enables en-bloc resection but has not gained widespread acceptance due to its technical difficulty, risk and long procedure time. We developed a protocol consisting of a combination of a limited ESD with supplementary EMR in the same session if necessary, designed to increase en-bloc resection of the most worrisome neoplastic area while maximizing the rate of complete resection of dysplasia. Records of consecutive patients referred for treatment during a 2-year period were reviewed. Eleven patients were treated: two with ESD and nine with combined ESD/EMR. Eight patients had mucosal lesions; three patients had submucosally invasive cancer and were referred to surgery. Five of the 8 mucosal lesions were removed en-bloc by ESD with dysplasia-free margins. Two patients with T1a cancer had low-grade dysplasia in the ESD margins and removal of all dysplasia on EMR. One patient with T1a cancer had high-grade dysplasia in the ESD margins and on EMR. He required a second endoscopy to remove residual neoplasia. There were no adverse events. The mean procedure time was 66.4 ± 15.1 min. Combining a limited ESD with EMR in the same session enables efficient treatment of visible dysplastic lesions in Barrett’s esophagus.
Predicting LVOT Obstruction After TMVR.

Evolution of catheter-based structural interventions has given patients less invasive alternatives to surgery; however, the current generation of transcatheter heart valves (THV) are not specifically designed for mitral position implantation and have intrinsic geometry that may make mitral
Chronic pelvic pain.

Chronic pelvic pain in women may involve more than the gynecologic organ systems. Urologic, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal and psychiatric disease processes may be contributing factors, the majority of which can be treated medically. A thorough history and physical examination are often all that is necessary to initiate effective treatment. A multidisciplinary approach to management will recognize the interactive process of the biopsychosocial model that may act to produce chronic pelvic pain.
Measuring Transnationalism: Comparing TV Formats using Digital Tools

This article elucidates a typology for cross-culturally comparing different versions of television formats. Digital tools are used to derive quantitative data based on temporal parameters of episode or genre of the narrative structure, content, and sequencing. Type one, which we also call “transposed narratives,” retains the narrative structure and sequencing while extending and expanding the narrative structure to readjust to longer broadcast times. Type two, which we call ‘transmutated narratives,’ re-distributes and re-organizes the narrative structure and sequencing to adjust to both extended broadcast time and other culturally relevant proximity issues. Type three adaptations display genre structure similarities while narrative structure, sequencing and content diverge. These we call ‘derived narratives.’
QL-SimP: Query Language for Secure Interoperable Multi-Granular Provenance Framework

We propose a query language for a secure interoperable multi-granular provenance framework. The proposed language is independent of the underlying provenance representation and supports different types of provenance queries. We have implemented the query language into our provenance framework which is integrated with CRIS - a real world system for managing scientific data. We have also evaluated our provenance queries based on relational and graph databases.
The Epidemiology of Influenza

If the diagnosis of influenza in the individual patient is at times ambiguous, the identification of influenza epidemics is not. In the north temperate zone, the abrupt appearance of febrile respiratory disease affecting adults as well as children in the early winter can be assumed to be influenza pending virologic con-firmation. Characteristically, sporadic cases are seen in late November and December; then, following the Christmas holidays, the disease becomes epidemic. School and industrial absenteeism and clinic visits increase, and somewhat later excess mortality related to pneumonia occurs.
Aftershocks and source characteristics of the 1969 Coyote Mountain earthquake, San Jacinto Fault zone, California

abstract The Coyote Mountain earthquake ( M L = 5.8) occurred as an abrupt northwesterly extension of the aftershock zone of the M L = 6.4 Borrego Mountain event of a year earlier. Locations of 127 aftershocks in the Coyote Mountain area outline a zone of scattered activity about 10 km across, with most hypocenters clustered at depths between 10 and 13 km. Aftershock activity was unusually low for an earthquake of this magnitude. Nine of the larger aftershocks showed first-motion patterns consistent with right-lateral strike-slip movement on northwest-trending faults. The mainshock focal mechanism is similar, but with some dip-slip motion also indicated. Teleseismic P -wave spectrum measurements suggest a relatively small source dimension and large stress drop for the mainshock. The unusual characteristics of this sequence may have been the result of a de-stressing of the upper 10 km of this section of the San Jacinto Fault zone by two earlier events greater than magnitude 6 and a concentration of stresses below that depth in a small area at the northwest end of the Borrego Mountain zone.
Current concepts in molecular genetics and management guidelines for pancreatic cystic neoplasms: an essential update for radiologists

Cystic neoplasms in the pancreas are encountered frequently on imaging, often detected incidentally during evaluation for other conditions. They can have a variety of clinical and imaging presentations, and similarly, wide-ranging prognostic and treatment implications. In the majority, imaging helps in diagnosis of pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs) and guides management decisions. But, a significant minority of the PCNs remain indeterminate. There have been multiple recent advances in biomarkers and molecular genetics which will likely prove helpful in risk stratification of PCNs. Several prominent national and international societies, as well as consensus groups have put forth recommendations to help guide management of PCNs. The purpose of this article is to discuss the role of imaging in evaluation of PCNs, review the recent advances in molecular genetics and pancreatic cyst fluid analysis, and analyze the pros and cons of major evidence-based and consensus guidelines for management of PCNs.
Lessons Learned from the Plg Deficient Mice (Plg

The generation of the Plg-/- mice has led to important insights about critical and essential functions of the plasminogen system (Plg) in the whole animal. Prior to studies of the Plg-/- mice, the primary role of the Plg system was considered to be its role in fibrinolysis. Other proteolytic functions were observed for the Plg system with in vitro protein-protein interactions and cultured cells. In the Plg-/- mice, the role of the Plg system as the major enzymatic system for the degradation of the fibrin and clot lysis was confirmed (Bugge et al., 1995; Ploplis et al., 1995). In addition, the generation of the Plg-/- mice, has allowed the investigation of the functional importance of other roles of the Plg system, such as cell migration (Plow et al., 1999), activation of metalloproteinases (Lijnen and Collen, 1999), and extracellular matrix degradation (Tsirka et al., 1997; Pohl et al., 2001). The Plg system plays a prominent role in physiological and pathological processes that require tissue remodeling. Some of the phenotypes observed in the Plg-/- mice were not anticipated. In this chapter, three roles of the Plg system in mice will be reviewed: (1) the lack of a critical role for Plg in physical and behavioral development; (2) a requirement of Plg for stressed induced behavior; and (3) an important role of the Plg system in adipose tissue development.
Aspergillus Section Nigri-Associated Calcium Oxalate Crystals in an Eurasian Eagle Owl ( Bubo bubo)

An adult male Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo) housed at a wildlife rehabilitation facility in southern Oregon died after a short period of progressive ill-thrift. Radiographs taken prior to death demonstrated abnormal radiopaque material in the coelom and the owl was submitted for postmortem examination. Black pigmented fungus was noted grossly, particularly in the respiratory tissues, with abundant oxalate crystal deposition associated with and without hyphal elements subsequently observed histologically. Aspergillus section Nigri was cultured from the lesions. Although there have been a few reports of aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus niger in avian species, the severity and wide tissue distribution of oxalates in this case are highly unusual.
Micro Star Tracker and Attitude Determination System

A micro star tracker suitable for small spacecraft is designed combining a high quantum efficiency sensor with a high speed dedicated microcomputer and a lightweight high aperture optical system. Software developed for this camera features a star sub-catalog organization and access scheme designed to minimize search time. We discuss design tradeoffs and decisions that led to this design and indicate possible variations. Also presented are results from laboratory and night-sky experimentation that supports the efficacy and practicality of the new design and algorithms.
Ecosystems and Energy: History and Overview

Although the English term ‘ecosystem’ was coined in 1935 by Tansley, ecosystems have been the subject of human inquiry for millennia. The first written records that survive include the work of Aristotle, an insightful and knowledgeable natural historian, and especially his student Theophrastus, who was interested in how different species of trees grew in different locations. Of course, practical people living on (or off) the land (fishermen, ranchers, hunters, trappers, many farmers) also knew and know a great deal of a practical nature about how ecosystems operate.