cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prognosis of Prehypertension Without Progression to Hypertension

Even mild blood pressure (BP) elevations manifesting as prehypertension have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.1,2 However, this risk could be attributable to the fact that many individuals with prehypertension eventually progress to overt hypertension.2,3 The prognosis of prehypertension among individuals who never progress to hypertension and, in turn, the role of early versus late-onset prehypertension in this context remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted an investigation in the Framingham Heart Study to assess the long-term risks related to early- and late-onset prehypertension without progression to hypertension. We used data collected from serial examinations attended by the Framingham Original (28 examinations in 1948–2005 at 2-year intervals) and Offspring (9 examinations in 1971–2014 with 4- to 8-year intervals) cohorts.4 Of all 10 333 participants, we excluded individuals who had unknown hypertension status onset age (ie, ≥55 years of age with prehypertension or hypertension present at baseline, n=788), did not attend any follow-up examinations (n=451), could not reach 60 years of age by the second-to-last examination (n=974), had not died before December 31, 2014 (n=2283; mean baseline 36.2±6.5 years of age, 57.7% women), or had missing covariates when hypertension status was ascertained (n=244). The final sample for analyses included n=5593. Three physicians adjudicated …
PIERRE BOULEZ-GILLES DELEUZE: IDEAS PARA UNA LÓGICA DE LA SENSACIÓN SONORA

O intuito deste artigo e estudar o objetivo principal da estetica musical de Boulez, para o inicio das comemoracoes de seus 90 anos, desde certas categorias de Deleuze, considerando que elas nos permitem compreender e delinear uma logica da sensacao sonora. Se Deleuze se ocupou em detalhe do trabalho de Francis Bacon, por exemplo, a fim de criar uma “logica da sensacao visual” em que o conceito de “Figura” fosse central, propomos que o trabalho musical de Boulez, analisado a partir do pensamento de Deleuze, possa mostrar os momentos decisivos de uma “logica da sensacao sonora.” Por meio de alguns trabalhos de Boulez podemos ver dois elementos muito importantes para nossa pesquisa dados na estrutura instalada pela filosofia de Deleuze. Esses dois elementos que darao forma a este artigo sao: as “figuras” da musica e as “forcas” do som expressivo .
Shareholder Influence on Joint Venture Exploration

In this study, we theorize about how different types of institutional investors influence firms’ choice of exploration versus exploitation for their joint ventures (JVs). Exploratory JVs engender r...
Enterococcus: Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococci Epidemiology, Treatment, and Control

Enterococci are Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic cocci that are morphologically similar to streptococci on gram strain (1, 2). The normal habitat of these microorganisms is the gastrointestinal tract of human and other mammals, although they can be isolated from the oropharynx, female genital tract, and skin. Most recently, 36 species of enterococci have been described; however, 26 have been associated with human infection (2–4). Enterococcus faecalis is the most common human pathogen, but Enterococcus faecium has become increasingly prevalent in hospital-acquired infections. All the other enterococcal species together constitute less than 5% of enterococcal infections (2–4). These other species associated with human infections include Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus casselifl avus, Enterococcus avium, Enterococcus cecorum, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus malodoratus, Enterococcus mundtii, Enterococcus pseudoavium, and Enterococcus raffi nosus (2–11).
A qualitative assessment of personal and social responsibility for kidney disease: the Increasing Kidney Disease Awareness Network Transplant Project.

Abstract Introduction Limited qualitative research has explored opinions of kidney disease health care providers regarding racial and ethnic disparities in access to and receipt of kidney transplantation. Methods Key informant interviews were conducted among transplant nephrologists, nephrologists, transplant social workers, and transplant coordinators to determine barriers to transplantation among African Americans compared to whites with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Analysis: Thirty-eight interviews were audio recorded and transcribed to hardcopy for content analysis. Grounded theory was used to determine dominant themes within the interviews. Reliability and validity were ensured by several coinvestigators independently sorting verbatim responses used for generating themes and subsequent explanations. Results Several major categories arose from analysis of the transcripts. Under the category of personal and social responsibility for kidney transplantation, interviews revealed 4 major themes: negative personal behaviors, acquisition of and lack of self-treatment of comorbid conditions, lack of individual responsibility, and the need for more social responsibility. Many providers perceived patients as being largely responsible for the development of ESRD, while some providers expressed the idea that more social responsibility was needed to improve poor health status and disparities in kidney transplantation rates. Conclusion Kidney disease health providers seemed torn between notions of patients' accountability and social responsibility for racial disparities in chronic kidney disease and ESRD. Further research is needed to clarify which aspects contribute most to disparities in access to transplantation.
Assays for hypercoagulability.

Many investigators have attempted to determine whether a relationship exists between excessive activity of the hemostatic mechanism and the atherosclerotic process. A major difficulty encountered in unraveling this puzzle has been the lack of reliable techniques for quantifying pertinent changes in blood coagulability. We have focused our attention on detecting alterations in the zymogens and protease inhibitors of the coagulation system which might occur prior to the development of overt thrombotic phenomena. Measurement of these early changes may be critical, if we wish to dissect the molecular events which are ultimately responsible for the atherosclerotic lesion and intervene with appropriate therapy prior to the onset of gross pathologic changes. In the sections below, we outline the difficulties associated with developing this methodology. Furthermore, we describe two new radioimmunoassays that may serve as prototype techniques for monitoring the activity of the hemostatic mechanism.
The Complete Mumps: An Introduction and Reference Manual for the Mumps Programming Language

1. Introduction to MUMPS. 2. The MUMPS Environment. 3. MUMPS Commands. 4. Data Structures. 5. Expressions. 6. MUMPS Syntax. 7. Indirection. 8. Intrinsic Functions. 9. Parameter Passing and Extrinsic Functions. 10. Advanced Global Techniques. 11. MUMPS Internals. 12. Device Input/Output. 13. Error Processing. 14. The Evolving Language. Appendix A: ASCII Character Set. Appendix B: Selected MUMPS References. Appendix C: Summary of MUMPS Commands. Appendix D: Summary of MUMPS Intrinsic Functions. Appendix E: Summary of MUMPS Operators. Appendix F: Summary of System Variables. Appendix G: Documentation for Selected Subroutines. Appendix H: RS-232 Devices. Appendix I: Terminal Functions. Index.
Imbibition of Mixed-Charge Surfactant Fluids in Shale Fractures

Hydraulic fracturing of shale reservoirs often requires millions of gallons of water, but only a fraction of the injected water returns to the surface. Shale gas production has been demonstrated to...
Hair dye and chemical straightener use and breast cancer risk in a large US population of black and white women

Many hair products contain endocrine-disrupting compounds and carcinogens potentially relevant to breast cancer. Products used predominately by black women may contain more hormonally-active compounds. In a national prospective cohort study, we examined the association between hair dye and chemical relaxer/straightener use and breast cancer risk by ethnicity. Sister Study participants (n = 46,709), women ages 35-74, were enrolled between 2003 and 2009, and had a sister with breast cancer but were breast cancer-free themselves. Enrollment questionnaires included past 12-month hair product use. Cox proportional hazards models estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association between hair products and breast cancer; effect measure modification by ethnicity was evaluated. During follow-up (mean = 8.3 years), 2,794 breast cancers were identified. Fifty-five percent of participants reported using permanent dye at enrollment. Permanent dye use was associated with 45% higher breast cancer risk in black women (HR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.10-1.90), and 7% higher risk in white women (HR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.99-1.16; heterogeneity p = 0.04). Among all participants, personal straightener use was associated with breast cancer risk (HR = 1.18, 95% CI 0.99-1.41); with higher risk associated with increased frequency (p for trend = 0.02). Nonprofessional application of semipermanent dye (HR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.05-1.56) and straighteners (HR = 1.27, 95% CI 0.99-1.62) to others was associated with breast cancer risk. We observed a higher breast cancer risk associated with any straightener use and personal use of permanent dye, especially among black women. These results suggest that chemicals in hair products may play a role in breast carcinogenesis.
The bundle in the middle of the road

Sometimes poetic language can say what exegesis cannot. Following James Cone’s dictum that form equals content, this article offers an exposition in the form of a literary essay blending the storie...
Income stagnation and housing affordability in the United States

Between 1980 and 2016 the share of households in the bottom quintile of the income distribution that owned their own home declined by 10 percentage points. For the same households, the share of mon...
Drone-based Augmented Reality Platform for Bridge Inspection: Effect of AR Cue Design on Visual Search Tasks

The use of augmented reality (AR) with semi-autonomous aerial systems in civil infrastructure inspection offers an extension of human capabilities by enhancing their ability to access hard-toreach areas, decreasing the physical requirements needed to complete the task, and augmenting their visual field of view with useful information. Still unknown though is how helpful AR visual aids may be when they are imperfect and provide the user with erroneous data. A total of 28 participants flew as an autonomous drone around a simulated bridge in a virtual reality environment and participated in a target detection task. In this study, we analyze the effect of AR cue type across discrete levels of target saliency by measuring performance in a signal detection task. Results showed significant differences in false alarm rates in the different target salience conditions but no significant differences across AR cue types (none, bounding box, corner-bound box, and outline) in terms of hits and misses.
Stabilization of reduced copper on ceria aerogels for CO oxidation

Photodeposition of Cu nanoparticles on ceria (CeO2) aerogels generates a high surface area composite material with sufficient metallic Cu to exhibit an air-stable surface plasmon resonance. We show that balancing the surface area of the aerogel support with the Cu weight loading is a critical factor in retaining stable Cu0. At higher Cu weight loadings or with a lower support surface area, Cu aggregation is observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Analysis of Cu/CeO2 using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy finds a mixture of Cu2+, Cu+, and Cu0, with Cu+ at the surface. At 5 wt% Cu, Cu/CeO2 aerogels exhibit high activity for heterogeneous CO oxidation catalysis at low temperatures (94% conversion of CO at 150 °C), substantially out-performing Cu/TiO2 aerogel catalysts featuring the same weight loading of Cu on TiO2 (20% conversion of CO at 150 °C). The present study demonstrates an extension of our previous concept of stabilizing catalytic Cu nanoparticles in low oxidation states on reducing, high surface area aerogel supports. Changing the reducing power of the support modulates the catalytic activity of mixed-valent Cu nanoparticles and metal oxide support.
Increased Reinforcer Immediacy can Promote Employment-Seeking in Unemployed Homeless Adults with Alcohol Use Disorder

Unemployment, homelessness, and substance use are interrelated. The present study took place as part of a clinical trial intended to promote employment and abstinence from alcohol among unemployed, homeless adults with alcohol use disorders. Participants earned abstinence-contingent financial incentives for completing employment-seeking activities and hourly stipends for working with an employment specialist. In the initial condition, participants were paid all earnings on bimonthly intervals. Despite the availability of incentives for completing employment-seeking activities, participants completed activities at low rates. A multiple baseline across participants was used to evaluate the effect of providing pay every day for completing employment-seeking activities. Daily pay increased rates of completing activities for all three participants. Results suggest that reinforcer immediacy can be an important parameter in the control of employment-seeking activities.
Disparities in ovarian cancer survival at the only NCI-designated cancer center in Kansas.

Abstract Background This study examined the impact of geographic distance on survival outcomes for patients receiving treatment for ovarian cancer at the only NCI-designated cancer center (NCI-CC) in Kansas. Methods We identified ovarian cancer patients treated at the University of Kansas Cancer Center between 2010 and 2015. Demographic factors and clinical characteristics were abstracted. The main outcome measure was overall survival according to geographic distance from the institution. Kaplan Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazard models were generated using SAS v9.4. Results 220 patients were identified. Survival analysis based on distance from the institution demonstrated that patients who lived ≤10 miles from the institution had worse overall survival (p = 0.0207) and were more likely to have suboptimal cytoreductive surgery (p = 0.0276). Lower estimated median income was also associated with a 1.54 increased risk of death, 95% CI (1.031–2.292), p = 0.0347. Conclusions We determined that ovarian cancer survival disparities exist in our patient population. Lower rates of optimal cytoreductive surgery has been identified as a possible driver of poor prognosis for patients who lived in proximity to our institution.
Polarities in Creativity: Revisiting Amabile’s Componential Model

The chapter by Gerard Puccio focuses on the crucial contribution polarity thinking, that is the integration of opposite qualities and characteristics, makes to creative achievement. Second, Puccio revisits Amabile’s seminal work and integrate the notion of polarities with her componential model. Puccio focuses on four specific polarities that are critical for creativity, with two being specific to the work of Amabile. Task motivation is reexamined from the perspective of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as a polarity dimension. Finally, the balance between creativity and domain-relevant skills is framed as opposing poles within a dialectic relationship.
The gut microbiome contributes to blood-brain barrier disruption in spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rats

In recent years, it has become apparent that the gut microbiome can influence the functioning and pathological states of organs and systems throughout the body. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the gut microbiome has a major role in the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rats (SHRSP), an animal model for hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Loss of BBB is thought to be an early and initiating component to the full expression of CSVD in animal models and humans. To test this hypothesis, newly born SHRSP pups were placed with foster dams of the SHRSP strain or dams of the WKY strain, the control strain that does not demonstrate BBB dysfunction or develop hypertensive CSVD. Similarly, WKY pups were placed with foster dams of the same or opposite strain. The rationale for cross fostering is that the gut microbiomes are shaped by environmental bacteria of the foster dam and the nesting surroundings. Analysis of the bacterial genera in feces, using 16S rRNA analysis, demonstrated that the gut microbiome in the rat pups was influenced by the foster dam. SHRSP offspring fostered on WKY dams had systolic blood pressures (SBPs) that were significantly decreased by 26 mmHg (P < .001) from 16-20 weeks, compared to SHRSP offspring fostered on SHRSP dams. Similarly WKY offspring fostered on SHRSP dams had significantly increased SBP compared to WKY offspring fostered on WKY dams, although the magnitude of SBP change was not as robust. At ~20 weeks of age, rats fostered on SHRSP dams showed enhanced inflammation in distal ileum regardless of the strain of the offspring. Disruption of BBB integrity, an early marker of CSVD onset, was improved in SHRSPs that were fostered on WKY dams when compared to the SHRSP rats fostered on SHRSP dams. Although SHRSP is a genetic model for CSVD, environmental factors such as the gut microbiota of the foster dam have a major influence in the loss of BBB integrity.
Symmetry and Dissonance in Corporate Law: Perfecting the Exoneration of Directors, Corrupting the Indemnification and Straining the Framework of Corporate Law

This article provides a historical and conceptual critique of the increasing disparity between standards of conduct and standards of liability in corporate law. The large-scale cancellation of director liability through liberal exculpation and related indemnification rules and practices is characterized as a doctrinal formation with substantive effects. This article coins the term “exoneration canon” to describe the decisional norms that favor the protection of directors from liability. The pressure for virtually seamless protection is compared to the contemporary “tort reform” movement. Finally, the Article develops the argument that adjudication and indemnification are logically distinct operations that should be preserved and held separate – to avoid degrading the aspirational components of indemnification and to avert an implicit devaluation of court judgments by parallel corporate “adjudications.”
Emerging biomaterial-based strategies for personalized therapeutic in situ cancer vaccines

Abstract Landmark successes in oncoimmunology have led to development of therapeutics boosting the host immune system to eradicate local and distant tumors with impactful tumor reduction in a subset of patients. However, current immunotherapy modalities often demonstrate limited success when involving immunologically cold tumors and solid tumors. Here, we describe the role of various biomaterials to formulate cancer vaccines as a form of cancer immunotherapy, seeking to utilize the host immune system to activate and expand tumor-specific T cells. Biomaterial-based cancer vaccines enhance the cancer-immunity cycle by harnessing cellular recruitment and activation against tumor-specific antigens. In this review, we discuss biomaterial-based vaccine strategies to induce lymphocytic responses necessary to mediate anti-tumor immunity. We focus on strategies that selectively attract dendritic cells via immunostimulatory gradients, activate them against presented tumor-specific antigens, and induce effective cross-presentation to T cells in secondary lymphoid organs, thereby generating immunity. We posit that personalized cancer vaccines are promising targets to generate long-term systemic immunity against patient- and tumor-specific antigens to ensure long-term cancer remission.
Top Metal Coverage Impact on the Performance of Thin-Film Piezoelectric-on-Substrate Resonators

In this paper, the effect of top electrode design on the electromechanical coupling coefficient (k t 2) and the quality factor (Q) of lateral bulk-acoustic thin-film piezoelectric-on-substrate (TPoS) MEMS resonators is studied. Several TPoS resonators with various top electrode coverage ranging from 40% to 86% fabricated at a center frequency of 25 MHz. The resonators with 60% top electrode coverage exhibit improved Figure of Merit (FOM), defined as the product of electromechanical coupling coefficient (k t 2) and quality factor (Q) compared to both higher and lower coverage. Our finding suggests that by careful optimization of the top electrodes we can significantly improve the performance of systems that utilize such resonators.
The Applicability of Satellite Altimetry Data to Tidal Models

The characteristics of satellite altimetry data are reviewed, and techniques for incorporating them into numerical tide models are discussed. The relationship between the geocentric tides observed by satellites and the ocean tides measured by gages or predicted by models is explored, and particular attention is given to the differences between deep-water, shelf, and estuarine tidal regimes. It is concluded that a separate tidal solution should always be performed before assimilating satellite data, including calculation of the tides along a single repeated ground track in the case of shelf and estuarine regions. The potential value of the altimetry to be provided by Topex/Poseidon (scheduled launch in 1991) is indicated.
Perception of English Prominence by Native Mandarin Chinese Speakers

Native-like production of intonational prominence is important for spoken language competency. Non-native speakers may have trouble producing prosodic variation in a second language (L2) and thus, problems in being understood. By identifying common sources of production error, we will be able to aid in the instruction of L2 speakers. In this paper we present results of a production study designed to test the ability of Mandarin L1 speakers to produce prominence in English. Our results show that there are some consistent differences between the L1 and L2 speakers in the use of pitch to indicate prominence, as well as in the accenting of phrase-initial tokens. We also find that we can automatically detect prominence on Mandarin L1 English with 87.23% and an f-measure of 0.866 if we train a classifier with annotated Mandarin L1 English data. Models trained on native English speech can detect prominence in Mandarin L1 English with an accuracy of 74.77% and f-measure of 0.824.
Nutrient timing habits of Division I NCAA athletes

Background It has been suggested that nutrient timing strategies may augment training adaptations in active populations. However, collegiate athletes are often restricted by practice schedules, class times and training sessions and, as a result, may not follow recommendations on optimal feeding strategies. Therefore, a survey questionnaire, which examined the nutrient timing habits of athletes, was designed and administered at selected Division I Institutions within the United States.
Numerical modeling of reinforced-concrete bond

Abstract A review of the problem of modeling bond stiffness of reinforced concrete is presented. Based on this review, the need to model the interaction at the local level is identified. A heuristic local constitutive description for the concrete reinforcement interface is proposed and implemented within a finite element formulation. The steel is considered as an elasto-plastic material and concrete as an elasto-plastic cracking material. Results using this general constitutive descriptions for different problems are shown and compared with experiments.
Mass distribution in the fission of 229Th

Abstract Yields for twenty-five mass chains in thermal-neutron-induced fission of 229 Th have been measured radiochemically. The mass-yield curve is asymmetric with the light peak centered at mass 88 and the heavy peak centered at mass 140. The peak-to-valley ratio is about 500. No significant increase in yield in the region of symmetric fission was observed.
Single-molecule spectroscopy studies of conformational change dynamics in enzymatic reactions.

Enzymatic reaction dynamics have usually been studied using ensemble-averaged experimental approaches and often in solution phase.
Deposition Kinetics and Microstructural Evolution in Sputtered TA Films: a Real-Time/In-Situ Study

Ta films were grown using sputter gas (Ar) pressures ranging from 1.7 to 20 mTorr. This produced growth environments where incoming adatom kinetic energies ranged from over 100 eV to less than 1 eV. Film development was monitored in-situ using a x-ray diffraction set-up that allowed complete diffraction patterns to be rapidly collected without interrupting the growth process. Traditional x-ray diffraction methods, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and transmission electron diffraction (TED) were used to examine film microstructure after growth. It was found that lower Ar pressures, which allow higher adatom kinetic energies, produced films that displayed significant grain growth, texturing, and a smooth surface morphology. Those films grown at increasingly higher Ar pressures displayed smaller grain sizes, less texturing, and increasingly porous microstructures. To further explore this effect, the Ar pressure was varied during deposition for several films. The in-situ probe allowed the effects of each pressure increment to be analyzed and compared with previous x-ray and microscopy results. It was found that the microstructure of any particular film layer depended more on the deposition conditions during its formation rather than the structure or crystallography of previous layers.
Social Psychology and the Study of Sexual Behavior

Past research on sexual behavior may be viewed as a progressive evolution from less taboo concerns (animal behavior, studies of primitive cultures, and abnormality) to the succession of "shocks" that attended the extension of sexual knowledge to the normal, contemporary human sphere with Freud, Kinsey, and Masters and Johnson. Social psychologists were attracted to this area by the revolutionary societal changes in attitudinal permissiveness and in actual behavior, by the research initiated by the Commission on Obscenity and Pornography, and by a pressing applied interest in solving the problems of unwanted and unneeded conception. Sex research is of special value to our field because it has built-in experimental impact, its technology includes the direct nonverbal assessment of a motivational-emotional state, and it is of obvious relevance to innumerable real- life issues. Upon examination, many of the traditional principles and research paradigms of social-personality psychologists may be perceived as b...
Different distributions of large and small retinal ganglion cells in the cat after HRP injections of single layers of the lateral geniculate body and the superior colliculus

Retinal ganglion cells were labeled with HRP after injecting single layers of GL or single strata within the stratum griseum superficiale (SGS). Only small cells were labeled after injecting small cell C layers and upper SGS. Only large cells were labeled after injecting lower SGS. Small and large cells were labeled after injecting medial interlaminar nucleus (MIN) and layers A and A1.
A multiscale spatial filtering account of the Wertheimer–Benary effect and the corrugated Mondrian

Abstract Blakeslee and McCourt [Blakeslee, B., & McCourt, M.E. (1997). Similar mechanisms underlie simultaneous brightness contrast and grating induction. Vision Research, 37, 2849–2869] demonstrated that a multiscale array of two-dimensional difference-of-Gaussian (DOG) filters provided a simple but powerful model for explaining a number of seemingly complex features of grating induction (GI), while simultaneously encompassing salient features of brightness induction in simultaneous brightness contrast (SBC), brightness assimilation and Hermann Grid stimuli. The DOG model (and isotropic contrast models in general) cannot, however, account for another important group of brightness effects including the White effect [White, M. (1997). A new effect of pattern on perceived lightness. Perception, 8, 413–416] and a variant of SBC [Todorovic, D. (1997). Lightness and junctions. Perception, 26, 379–395]. Blakeslee and McCourt [Blakeslee, B., McCourt, M.E. (1999). A multiscale spatial filtering account of the White effect, simultaneous brightness contrast and grating induction. Vision Research, 39, 4361–4377] developed a modified version of the model, an oriented (ODOG) model, which differed from the DOG model in that the filters were anisotropic and their outputs were pooled nonlinearly. Using this model, they were able to account for both groups of induction effects. The present paper examines two additional sets of brightness illusions that cannot be explained by isotropic contrast models. Psychophysical brightness matching is employed to quantitatively measure the size of the brightness effect for two Wertheimer–Benary stimuli [Benary, W. (1924). Beobachtungen zu einem experiment uber helligkeitskontrast. Psychologische Forschung, 5, 131–142; Todorovic, D. (1997). Lightness and junctions. Perception, 26, 379–395] and for low- and high-contrast versions of corrugated Mondrian stimuli [Adelson, E.H. (1993). Perceptual organization and the jugdement of brightness. Science, 262, 2042–2044; Todorovic, D. (1997). Lightness and junctions. Perception, 26, 379–395]. Brightness matches are obtained on both homogeneous and checkerboard matching backgrounds. The ODOG model qualitatively predicts the appearance of the test patches in the Wertheimer–Benary stimuli and corrugated Mondrian stimuli. In addition, it quantitatively predicts the relative magnitudes of the corrugated Mondrian effects in the various conditions. In general, the psychophysical results and ODOG modeling argue strongly that like SBC, GI, the White effect and Todorovic's SBC demonstration, induced brightness in Wertheimer–Benary stimuli and in the corrugated Mondrian primarily reflects early-stage filtering operations in the visual system.
Melting of hydrous upper mantle and possible generation of andesitic magma: An approach from synthetic systems

Phase equilibria in a portion of the system forsterite-plagioclase (An50Ab50 by weight)-silica-H2O have been determined at 15 kbar pressure under H2O-saturated conditions. The composition of the liquid pertinent to the piercing point forsterite + enstatite solid solution + amphibole + liquid + vapor is similar to that of calc-alkaline andesite. The electron microprobe analysis of the glass coexisting with the above three crystalline phases is very close to that of the piercing point determined by phase assemblage observations; however, the glass near (< 8 μm) forsterite crystals is significantly depleted in the normative forsterite component. With the addition of 10 wt.% KAlSi3O8, the composition of this piercing point becomes even closer to the compositions of calc-alkaline andesites. It is also shown that the liquid coexisting with forsterite and enstatite solid solution remains silica-rich (60–62 wt.%) over a wide (∼ 100°C) temperature range. The present experimental studies support the view that liquids similar in composition to calc-alkaline andesites can be generated by direct partial melting of hydrous upper mantle at least at or near 15 kbar.
Modulators of monoamine oxidase in plasma

Abstract Addition of small amounts of plasma activated the deamination of tryptamine by platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO). At higher concentrations, plasma inhibited the deamination instead. The inhibition was increased with increasing amounts of plasma added. The inhibition was uncompetitive in nature, partially reversed by prior ultrafiltration of the plasma through PM30 membranes and completely reversed by protein precipitation of plasma with perchloric acid. Addition of high amounts of plasma in vitro also inhibited the activity of bovine striatal MAO. The inhibition of striatal deamination of tryptamine by plasma was noncompetitive in nature, completely reversed by ultrafiltration through PM30 membranes and partially reversed by perchloric acid treatment. The inhibition of striatal deamination of serotonin was noncompetitive in nature, not reversed by ultrafiltration but completely reversed by perchloric acid treatment. The pattern of inhibition of platelet or striatal MAO by plasma was different from that induced by addition of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Low concentrations of BSA added in vitro activated the deamination of tryptamine or serotonin by platelet or striatal MAO by decreasing the Km, while higher concentrations also decreased the Vmax. The presence of protein, non-albumin circulating modulators of platelet or striatal MAO in plasma is discussed.
Pose analysis using spectral geometry

We propose a novel method to analyze a set of poses of 3D models that are represented with triangle meshes and unregistered. Different shapes of poses are transformed from the 3D spatial domain to a geometry spectrum domain that is defined by Laplace---Beltrami operator. During this space-spectrum transform, all near-isometric deformations, mesh triangulations and Euclidean transformations are filtered away. The different spatial poses from a 3D model are represented with near-isometric deformations; therefore, they have similar behaviors in the spectral domain. Semantic parts of that model are then determined based on the computed geometric properties of all the mapped vertices in the geometry spectrum domain. Semantic skeleton can be automatically built with joints detected as well. The Laplace---Beltrami operator is proved to be invariant to isometric deformations and Euclidean transformations such as translation and rotation. It also can be invariant to scaling with normalization. The discrete implementation also makes the Laplace---Beltrami operator straightforward to be applied on triangle meshes despite triangulations. Our method turns a rather difficult spatial problem into a spectral problem that is much easier to solve. The applications show that our 3D pose analysis method leads to a registration-free pose analysis and a high-level semantic part understanding of 3D shapes.
Marital and family therapy supervision: A relational-attachment model

Drawing from attachment theory, this article presents a collaborative marriage and family therapy supervisory model which both advocates and demonstrates a relational and an educational construct for facilitating the supervisory process. Issues concerning cognition and anxiety management are addressed in the context of attachment theory and stages in the supervisory process are identified. Cognitive, emotional, and social development are linked to attachment theory and discussed in the context of supervision.
Effect of opioid-related adverse events on outcomes in selected surgical patients.

ABSTRACTPurpose: This retrospective study utilized a large, national hospital database to assess the impact of opioid–related adverse events (ORADE) on patient outcomes following selected surgical procedures known to require postoperative pain control. Methods: Outcomes of patients with administratively documented ORADE were compared to those without. Multivariate regression determined differences in hospital costs; length of stay (LOS); odds of individuals being an outlier in total cost and LOS; and having a 30-day all-cause readmission. Results: Among 319,898 surgeries of interest, 12.2% of patients experienced an ORADE. Patients had higher adjusted mean costs ($22,077 [95% CI 21,823–22,333] vs. $17,370 [95% CI 17,238–17,503]; p < 0.0001) and greater LOS (7.6 [95% CI 7.5–7.6] vs. 4.2 days [95% CI 4.2–4.2]; p <0.0001). Adjusted odds of being a total cost and LOS outlier were 2.8 (95% CI 2.7–2.8) and 3.2 (95% CI 3.1–3.3) times greater in the ORADE group. These patients were more likely to be readmitted (O...
Trophic transfer of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites between benthic marine organisms

This study was undertaken to determine the potential for trophic transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites from infaunal organisms to bottom-feeding fish. Winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, were given single oral doses of ground polychaetes (Nereis virens), either treated with pure [14C]henzo[a]pyrene (BaP) or containing a mixture of naturally produced radiolabeled BaP and BaP metabolites. Fish were sacrificed 24 h after feeding and total accumulated radioactivity and metabolite class profiles determined in major organs. Metabolites produced by worms were absorbed by flounder, although as a percentage of dose given they were less available than parent BaP. Comparison of metabolite profiles in the worm diet and in target organs in the fish indicated that metabolites accumulated through the diet can be further modified by the prey organism and can lead to the formation of bound residues. These results demonstrate that PAH metabolites in the diet are available for accumulation. Furthermore, metabolites absorbed appear to be susceptible to metabolic alteration by consumer organisms.
Going-down pairs of commutative rings

D'apres D. E. Dobbs, Houston J. Math. 23 (1997), 1–11, nous disons que l'anneau (commutatif)A est un anneau-“going-down” siA/P est un domaine-“going-down” pour chaque ideal premier deA. Etant donne une extension,R⊆T, nous disons que (R, T) est une paire d'anneaux-“going-down” (respectivement, une paire “going-down”) siS est un anneau-“going-down” pour chaque anneau tels queR⊆S⊆T (resp., si “going-down” est satisfait par chaque extension d'anneauxA⊆B tels queR⊆A⊆B⊆T). On montre que siR est un anneau de la dimension 0 (au sens de Krull), alors (R, T) est une paire d'anneaux-“going-down” si et seulement sitr.deg. R/(P∩R) T/P≤1 pour chaque ideal premier minimalP deT. Des resultats partiels sont obtenus quandR n'est pas de dimension 0. En outre, si (R, T) est une paire d'anneaux-“going-down” tel queT ait un seul ideal premier minimal, alors (R, T) est une paire “going-down”. Des resultats dans l'esprit ci-dessus sont egalement obtenus pour quelques autres types de paires.
Exsanguinating stercoral ulceration.

A case of stercoral ulceration complicated by massive hemorrhage is reported. An elderly woman with moderate cardiovascular disease entered the hospital with clinical evidence of marked blood loss from the anorectum. Despite treatment she died in less than 24 hr; autopsy revealed no other cause of death.
Francis Galton’s theory of inheritance and the problem of unconceived alternatives

Elsewhere I have argued that the most significant threat to scientific realism arises from what I call the problem of unconceived alternatives: the repeated failure of past scientists and scientific communities to even conceive of alternatives to extant scientific theories, even when such alternatives were both (1) well-confirmed by the evidence available at the time and (2) sufficiently scientifically serious as to be actually embraced in the course of further investigation. In this paper I explore Francis Galton’s development and defense of his “stirp” theory of inheritance and conclude that this particular historical example offers impressive support for the challenge posed by the problem of unconceived alternatives while simultaneously showing how we can make that challenge deeper and sharper.
Demographic Differentials in the World System: A Research Note

Data on demographic variables and development for 92 countries during the periods 1960-70 and 1970-77 are analyzed. Individual dependent variables were regressed on logged values of energy consumption to control for development effects on demographic rates. The hypothesis is presented that vital rates would be highest in periphery nations at intermediate levels in semi-periphery nations and lowest in core nations. Some results are: 1) in both periods semi-periphery and periphery rates were higher than core rates controlling for development; 2) periphery growth rates were only slightly higher than semi-periphery rates; 3) in the earlier period status alone contributed to 10.6% and the coefficient of determination but its contribution fell by 1/2 to 5.3% in the 2nd period; 4) total explained variance rose by 8% between the periods; 5) all estimated fertility equations contained significant regression coefficients for status that were appropriately rank-ordered; 6) degree of dependency was positively related to fertility; 7) in only 12 equations were the status coefficients for mortality significant and most likely the moderate status effects on population growth rates resulted from the absence of mortality effects combined with strong status effects on fertility; and 8) infant and child mortality are positively related to fertility. Thus non-core status in the world economic system was associated with higher fertility and population growth rates than would be expected based on levels of national development and child mortality; mortality levels were not similarly affected. Also although fertility relationships were very strong the overall pattern of relationships called into question the causal argument on which the hypotheses were grounded. Another promising hypothesis is that high fertility in developing countries is attributable to the political economy of the persisting traditional family.
Antisymmetrized deuteron-nucleus scattering

Abstract A practical procedure for calculating antisymmetrization effects is outlined. It is seen that these effects are neither large nor unusual.
Scotopic and photopic functions for visual band movement.

Abstract The threshold velocity at which a light, rotated in a fronto-parallel plane around a foveal fixation target, appears as a “filled” band of light rather than a moving luminous object was determined with parametric manipulation of (1) eccentricity of the moving target; (2) arc length traversed; and (3) luminance and wavelength composition of the target. The velocity at threshold increases as luminance and arc length increase. The use of spectrally selective illuminants gave results suggesting that the response in white light for a 10' target at 5.7° from the fovea is determined by a scotopic mechanism at all luminances and at 3.3° from the fovea by a scotopic mechanism at low luminances and a photopic mechanism at high luminances.
Rapid Identification of Protein Phosphatase 1-binding Proteins by Mixed Peptide Sequencing and Data Base Searching: CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL HOLOENZYMIC FORM OF PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1

Microcystin-affinity chromatography was used to purify 15 protein phosphatase 1 (PP1)-binding proteins from the myofibrillar fraction of rabbit skeletal muscle. To reduce the time and amount of material required to identify these proteins, proteome analysis by mixed peptide sequencing was developed. Proteins are resolved by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, electroblotted to polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, and stained. Bands are sliced from the membrane, cleaved briefly with CnBr, and applied without further purification to an automated Edman sequencer. The mixed peptide sequences generated are sorted and matched against the GenBank using two new programs, FASTF and TFASTF. This technology offers a simple alternative to mass spectrometry for the subpicomolar identification of proteins in polyacrylamide gels. Using this technology, all 15 proteins recovered in PP-1C affinity chromatography were sequenced. One of the proteins, PP-1bp55, was homologous to human myosin phosphatase, MYPT2. A second, PP-1bp80, identified in the EST data bases, contained a putative PP-1C binding site and a nucleotide binding motif. Further affinity purification over ATP-Sepharose isolated PP-1bp80 in a quaternary complex with PP-1C and two other proteins, PP-1bp29 and human p20. Recombinant PP-1bp80 also bound PP-1C and suppressed its activity toward a variety of substrates, suggesting that the protein is a novel regulatory subunit of PP-1.
The relationship of pulmonary artery wedge pressure to the posterior aortic wall echocardiogram in patients free of obstructive mitral valve disease

Aortic wall echocardiograms were obtained simultaneously with pulmonary artery wedge pressures (PAWP) in 21 patients free of obstructive mitral valve disease. There was a significant (p 12 mm. Hg). No patient with a normal PAWP had an AEI 18 mm. Hg had an AEI > 0.66. These data suggest that analogous to the reported use of the AEI to estimate severity of mitral obstruction, the index provides a noninvasive measure of left ventricular filling pressure when the mitral valve is normal.
Low-frequency vibrational dynamics and structure of hydrogen at megabar pressures.

Low-frequency rotational and lattice-phonon spectra of solid ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ have been measured to 162 GPa at 77 to 295 K. Rotational bands broaden continuously up to and through the 150-GPa phase transition, with no sign of orientational transitions. The optical phonon, identified at low pressures as the transverse-optical mode of the hexagonal-close-packed structure, persists into the high-pressure phase, which indicates the underlying lattice remains hexagonal to these pressures. The measurements are consistent with the 150-GPa transition being largely electronic in origin and associated with metallization.
Enthalpy changes in oxidative addition reactions of iodine with monomeric and dimeric rhodium(I) complexes

The heat of reaction for addition of iodine to the planar complexes RhCl(CO)dppe, Rh(dppen)2+, Rh(dppe)2+ and to the dimer Rh2Cl2(CO)2(dppm)2 has been obtained by a calorimetric method. Iodine forms stronger RhI bonds with RhCl(CO)dppe than with the bichelate complexes. The presence of metal-metal interaction in the iodine addition compound of Rh2Cl2(CO)2(dppm)2 makes a significant contribution to the enthalpy change for the oxidative addition. The stereochemistry of the complexes are discussed on the basis of IR and 31P NMR spectra.
Vodou and Haiti : a conference on Haitian Vodou, mission statement of a new association : The Congress of Santa Barbara

Cet article constitue le rapport d'une conference internationale de deux jours sur le Vaudou haitien, L'esprit et la realite : Vaudou et Haiti, presentee par le Centre des Etudes Noires, et qui s'est deroulee a l'universite de Californie de Santa Barbara les 25-26 avril 1997. Il decrit les activites de ce centre, les participants a la conference. Il fait ensuite un resume du programme et presente les intervenants en precisant les themes abordes. Enfin il presente la creation de la nouvelle association, le Congres de Santa Barbara, qui a pour objectif l'institutionalisation de cette recherche sur le Vaudou en Haiti.
Gauged B-x(i)L origin of R parity and its implications

Abstract Gauged B − L is a popular candidate for the origin of the conservation of R parity, i.e. R = ( − ) 3 B + L + 2 j , in supersymmetry, but it fails to forbid the effective dimension-five terms arising from the superfield combinations Q Q Q L , u c u c d c e c , and u c d c d c N c , which allow the proton to decay. Changing it to B − x i L , where x e + x μ + x τ = 3 (with x i ≠ 1 ) for the three families, would forbid these terms while still serving as a gauge origin of R parity. We show how this is achieved in two minimal models with realistic neutrino mass matrices, and discuss their phenomenological implications.
Linker-assisted immunoassay and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for the analysis of glyphosate

A novel, sensitive, linker-assisted enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (L'ELISA) was compared to on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) with high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (H...
Altering the Orientation of Proteins on Self-Assembled Monolayers: A Computational Study

A combined computational docking-molecular dynamics study has been performed on a system consisting of cytochrome c protein and alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers of various geometries. The results suggest that the orientation of the protein on the surface may be controlled or altered by means of designing specific structural motifs on the surface. The proposed computational approach may be used as a fast and reliable tool to complement other theoretical and experimental techniques of exploring other protein-surface interfaces.