cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Regional Solutions to Salinization and Waterlogging in an Irrigated River Valley

Potential solutions to high soil salinity levels and waterlogging problems are investigated on a regional scale using calibrated finite-difference flow and mass transport modeling for a portion of the Lower Arkansas River Valley in Colorado. A total of 38 alternatives incorporating varying degrees of recharge reduction, canal seepage reduction, subsurface drainage installation, and pumping volume increases are modeled over three irrigation seasons (1999–2001). Six performance indicators are used to evaluate the effectiveness of these alternatives in improving agroecological conditions, compared to existing conditions. Predicted average regional decrease in water table elevation (as great as 1.93 m over the irrigation season) is presented for selected alternatives, as well as the spatial mapping of results. Decrease in soil salinity concentration (with regional and seasonal average reduction as high as 950 mg/L) is also predicted and mapped. Estimated groundwater salinity changes, reduction in total salt l...
Visualizing technology mining results on life cycle axes: A text data mining study of publication trends in server virtualization from scientific research to business process improvement

Text data mining of research abstract databases provides insight into the relationships between researchers and research topics. Text data mining tools like VantagePoint provide insights into the progress of a technology discipline showing the projection of research trends for strategic analysis and displaying the interconnections between researchers and research topics. Research in a technology typically flows from works in the underlying science where theoretical concepts are proposed and tested to a more focused and technical research on devices that apply these theories. Our study tracks the spread of ideas throughout the technology life cycle with an emphasis on technology trends rather than research clusters. The premise is that the manager seeking a strategic view of the technology, and its development over time, needs to be presented a visualization of these trends in a manner that supports effective decision-making. Since there are three dimensions in the development of technology, basic science, technology development, and business process focus, this research presents the results of the text data mining of research abstracts projected in a three-dimensional visualization.
How People Make Decisions That Involve Risk A Dual-Processes Approach

Many health and safety problems, including war and terrorism, are by-products of how people reason about risk. I describe a new approach to reasoning about risk that imple- ments a modern dual-process model of memory called fuzzy- trace theory. This approach posits encoding of both verbatim and gist representations, with reliance on the latter whenever possible; dependence of reasoning on retrieval cues that access stored values and principles; and vulnerability of reasoning to processing interference from overlapping classes of events, which causes denominator neglect in risk or probability judg- ments. These simple principles explain classic and new findings, for example, the finding that people overestimate small risks but ignore very small risks. Fuzzy-trace theory differs from other dual-process approaches to reasoning in that it places intuition at the apex of development, considering fuzzy intuitive process- ing more advanced than precise computational processing (e.g., trading off risks and rewards). The theory supplies a conception of rationality that distinguishes degrees of severity of errors in reasoning. It also includes a mechanism for achieving con- sistency in reasoning, a hallmark of rationality, by explaining how a person can treat superficially different reasoning problems in the same way if the problems share an underlying gist. KEYWORDS—risk perception; risky decision making; fuzzy-trace theory; intuition; dual processes in reasoning
EFFECT OF TAXON SAMPLING, CHARACTER WEIGHTING, AND COMBINED DATA ON THE INTERPRETATION OF RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE HETEROKONT ALGAE1

Nuclear ribosomal small subunit and chloroplast rbcL sequence data for heterokont algae and potential outgroup taxa were analyzed separately and together using maximum parsimony. A series of taxon sampling and character weighting experiments was performed. Traditional classes (e.g. diatoms, Phaeophyceae, etc.) were monophyletic in most analyses of either data set and in analyses of combined data. Relationships among classes and of heterokont algae to outgroup taxa were sensitive to taxon sampling. Bootstrap (BS) values were not always predictive of stability of nodes in taxon sampling experiments or between analyses of different data sets. Reweighting sites by the rescaled consistency index artificially inflates BS values in the analysis of rbcL data. Inclusion of the third codon position from rbcL enhanced signal despite the superficial appearance of mutational saturation. Incongruence between data sets was largely due to placement of a few problematic taxa, and so data were combined. BS values for the combined analysis were much higher than for analyses of each data set alone, although combining data did not improve support for heterokont monophyly.
Be careful with don't cares

Abstract: It is commonly expected that any correct implementation can replace its specification inside a larger design without violating the correctness of the whole design. This property (called replaceability) is automatically satisfied in the absence of don't cares because "correctness" by definition implies that specification and implementation compute the identical function. However don't cares allow an implementation to compute a different function, and thus make it difficult to ensure replaceability. Whether this problem occurs depends on the exact meaning of "don't care" and the associated definition of "correctness". We will consider three meanings of "don't care" and for each give conditions under which correct implementations may replace their specifications.
Securing the Web Using Human Perception and Visual Object Interpretation

Being motivated by the need for usable Web security systems, we present in this paper new image-based CAPTCHA systems that overcome the weaknesses of commercial CAPTCHAs. We describe Tree and Shape CAPTCHAs in addition to handwritten CAPTCHAs that feature visual objects transformed according to specific principles of cognitive psychology. These transformations, in addition to other security measures we describe, ensure that our CAPTCHAs are easily interpretable by humans but not by machines. We seek not only to provide useful CAPTCHAs, but to offer important insights into such fields as Information Visualization, Human-Computer Interaction, etc. Early testing results indicate that users find our CAPTCHAs an attractive alternative to text-based CAPTCHAs and are readily able to solve them based on cognitive abilities. Conversely, machine recognition is low due to the current inability to make use of these cognitive aids, thus making our CAPTCHAs a viable solution for cyber security.
Nodular hidradenocarcinoma over the parotid gland: a pathologic presentation.

Background. Nodular hidradenocarcinoma (NHAC), an eccrine carcinoma, has been reported in the dermatology and pathology literature, but few references have been made in the otolaryngology literature even though the head and neck is a common site of occurrence. Methods A case report of a 37-year-old Hispanic man with a right-sided neck mass diagnosed preoperatively as a parotid mass by imaging and fine-needle aspiration is presented. After presentation at our multidisciplinary tumor board, excision of the mass was undertaken. Results Final pathology reveled a NHAC, which is presented in our report. Conclusion NHAC is an aggressive malignant tumor that is often misdiagnosed preoperatively and that must be treated with aggressive multimodality therapy for increased survival. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2007
Iliac artery aneurysms radiographic evaluation

We present seventeen cases of iliac artery aneurysm employing a variety of different imaging modalities (ultrasound, computed tomography, arteriography, magnetic resonance imaging). The utility of each of these techniques in the patient with iliac artery aneurysm is described.
Integrin-Extracellular Matrix Interactions

The extracellular matrix is an essential component of the tumor microenvironment that promotes tumor development and metastasis. Fibroblasts, endothelial cells and other stromal cells deposit extracellular matrix and growth factors that promote the growth and spread of cancer cells. Changes in the composition or architecture of the extracellular matrix within tumors can alter integrin expression and function and promote metastatic progression, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Since integrins and extracellular matrix molecules provide tumor cells with survival signals, increased blood flow and avenues for metastatic escape, suppression of integrin or extracellular matrix protein expression or function may be useful in the treatment of cancer.
Solving Markov chains using bounded aggregation on a massively parallel processor

An SIMD implementation of a method for approximating the stationary distribution vector of a Markov chain is presented. A key feature of the implementation is the simultaneous computation of several matrix inverses. Computational results from a MasPar MP-1 system are discussed. >
Investigation of Flow Upstream of Orifices

A physical model study is conducted to investigate the flow field upstream of orifices. In particular, new experimental data for the upstream flow pattern resulting from multiple orifices, an orifice near a free surface, and a large orifice (where the pressure gradient across the orifice cannot be ignored) are collected and presented. A new potential flow solution for flow behind orifices is developed to include pressure gradient effects as well as to accurately superpose the solution due to multiple orifices and determine a solution close to orifices. The proposed solution compares well with the measured data for multiple orifices and for an orifice near a free surface. For a large orifice, the skew in the velocity profile in the vertical direction due to the pressure gradient is accurately predicted.
Equation of State of He-H2 and He-D2 Dense Fluid Mixtures at High Pressures and Temperatures

The fluid variational theory is used to calculate the Hugoniot equation of state (EOS) of He, D2, He + H2, and He + D2 fluid mixtures with different He:H2 and He:D2 compositions at high pressures and temperatures. He, H2, and D2 are the lightest elements. Therefore, the quantum effect is included via a first-order quantum correction in the framework of the Wigner-Kirkwood expansion. An examination of the reliability of the above computations is performed by comparing experiments and calculations, in which the calculation procedure used for He and D2 is adopted also for He + D2 and He + H2, since no experimental data for the mixtures are available to conduct these comparisons. Good agreement in both comparisons is found. This result may be seen as an indirect verification of the calculation procedures used here, at least, in the pressure and temperature domains covered by the experimental data for He and D2 used for comparisons, which is nearly up to 40 GPa and 105 K. Also, the equation of state of He + H2 fluid mixtures with different compositions is predicted over a wide range of temperatures and pressures.
Adults seeking presymptomatic gene testing for Huntington disease.

Purpose: To describe the expectations of those seeking presymptomatic gene testing for Huntington disease (HD). Identification of the gene for HD makes it possible to conduct testing to determine if a healthy person with a family history of HD has a mutation in this gene. Presymptomatic gene testing reveals the likelihood that a person will develop an inherited disease in the future. Understanding expectations allows for more complete assessment and counseling before presymptomatic gene testing for genetic diseases. Design: Descriptive qualitative. The population was people with a family history of HD. The sample was 17 asymptomatic adults with a positive family history of HD who requested presymptomatic gene identification atone tertiary genetic counseling program, 1995 to 1996. Methods: Semi-structured interviews concerning expectations of adults seeking presymptomatic genetic testing were conducted by telephone. Interviews occurred after the individuals had requested presymptomatic gene identification but before results were reported. Content analysis was used to identify the expectations and questions of those who had decided to seek presymptomatic testing. Findings: Common expectations included anticipating relief from uncertainty, hoping to plan for their future health care and life decisions, wanting to know if their children were at risk of developing HD, anticipating loss of family support from relatives, expecting relief from self monitoring, venturing into the unknown, and planning for disclosure. Participants attempted to avoid their loss of genetic privacy by withholding the decision to seek testing from their primary care providers. Conclusions: Participants seeking presymptomatic HD gene testing consider the effect of gene identification on themselves and their families. A desire to limit insurance or employment discrimination contributes to subjects not seeking input from health care providers in their decision making.
Effects of Dental Resins on TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 Expression in Endothelial Cells

Many reports have demonstrated inflammation after the placement of dental restorations. To explain this side-effect, we studied a biomarker in the inflammatory response. The intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a key mediator for recruitment of leukocytes to the site of inflammation. Therefore, we investigated whether methacrylates (a BISGMA-based dental resin, BISGMA, and MAA) and Cyracure UVR 6105, an epoxy monomer, could alter ICAM-1 expression in unstimulated and TNF-alpha-stimulated endothelial cells. Six-well plates with monolayers of human umbilical vein cells, ECV 304 (ATCC CRL 1998), were exposed to TNF-alpha (1 ng/mL) in the presence and absence of subtoxic and TC50 doses of chemicals for 24 hrs at 37 degrees C/5% CO2. Several doses of TNF-alpha (0.5-2 ng/mL) were coincubated with 100 microL of undiluted aqueous dental resin extracts. Cells were harvested and stained with mAB FITC-conjugated anti-human ICAM-1 (CD54). ICAM-1 expression was measured by flow cytometry. Cells expressed basal levels of ICAM-1, which was up-regulated by TNF-alpha but was not changed by all samples studied. Except for UVR 6105, the methacrylates significantly decreased ICAM-1 expression in TNF-alpha-stimulated cells. These findings suggest that methacrylates may decrease the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation.
Preface to 'Creating Collaborative Advantage through Knowledge and Innovation'

Selected from the prestigious 2006 International Conference on Knowledge Management held in Greenwich, London, this volume represents much of the best and most up-to-date work by researchers and practitioners in the field of knowledge management (KM). It covers a wide range of topics that include social network analysis, innovation and creativity, KM tools and technologies, social network technologies, collaboration and knowledge sharing, issues in KM education and training, knowledge discovery (data mining, data warehousing, intelligent agents), knowledge organization (meta data, taxonomies, ontology), and social and psychological dimensions. This book has been selected for coverage in: • Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings® (ISTP®/ISI Proceedings) • Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version/ISI Proceedings) • Index to Social Sciences & Humanities Proceedings® (ISSHP®/ISI Proceedings) • Index to Social Sciences & Humanities Proceedings (ISSHP CDROM version/ISI Proceedings)
A novel method for assessing the severity of levodopa-induced dyskinesia using wearable sensors

Patients with Parkinson's disease often experience significant changes in the severity of dyskinesia when they undergo titration of their medications. Dyskinesia is marked by involuntary jerking movements that occur randomly in a burst-like fashion. The burst-like nature of such movements makes it difficult to estimate the clinical scores of severity of dyskinesia using wearable sensors. Clinical observations are generally made over intervals of 15–30 s. On the other hand, techniques designed to estimate the severity of dyskinesia based on the analysis of wearable sensor data typically use data segments of approximately 5 s. Consequently, some data segments might include dyskinetic movements, whereas others might not. Herein, we propose a novel method suitable to automatically select data segments from the training dataset that are marked by dyskinetic movements. The proposed method also aggregates results derived from the testing dataset using a machine learning algorithm to estimate the severity of dyskinesia from wearable sensor data. Results obtained from the analysis of sensor data collected from seven subjects with Parkinson's disease showed a marked improvement in the accuracy of the estimation of clinical scores of dyskinesia.
Open-field activity in mice as a function of ceiling height: A genotype-environment interaction.

Three inbred strains of mice, C57BL/6, DAB/2, and BALB/c, were run in the standard McClearn-type open-field with 1-, 15/8-, and 36-inch ceiling heights. Although all strains showed increased activity as a function of lowered ceiling height, an interaction between strain and ceiling height was obtained: while BALB/c mice were the least active strain in the 36-inch-ceiling-height field, they were the most active strain in the 1-inch condition. Implications of this strain x environment interaction for the well-established low open-field activity of BALB/c and other albino strains are discussed.
Large-Scale Compliance-Minimization and Buckling Topology Optimization of the Undeformed Common Research Model Wing

Next-generation additive manufacturing technologies will enable novel, low-weight, highperformance aircraft structures. Topology optimization techniques can be used to obtain unconventional internal aircraft wing structures that can be manufactured using additive methods which depart significantly from conventional rib-spar wing constructions. However, there are significant issues that must be overcome when applying traditional topology optimization techniques to the design of aerospace structures. These challenges include efficiently solving large-scale design problems, and applying buckling criteria within a topology optimization design formulation. In this paper, we seek to address these issues by applying a scalable topology optimization method to the undeformed Common Research Model (uCRM) wing with buckling constraints applied to the skins of the wingbox. The proposed approach uses a multigrid-preconditioned Krylov method to solve the large-scale finite element analysis problem, coupled with a parallel interior-point optimizer to solve the largescale constrained design optimization problem. This proposed method is applied to two different optimization problems: mass-constrained compliance minimization, and mass-constrained bucklingload maximization. In addition, we apply a segment-wise topology optimization design strategy to the uCRM wingbox.
Summary of Converter Station Commissioning and System Commissioning for Lingbao Back to Back HVDC Project

As the first interconnected back-to-back(BTB)high voltage direct current(HVDC)power transmission project in China,the Lingbao BTB HVDC project is also the demonstration project for localization of manufacture of HVDC equipments,and the commissioning of this project is fully completed by domestic technical personnel.The construction and successful place in service of this project are significant for the localization of manufacture of HVDC equipments.In this paper the commissioning of the project,including the situation of converter station commissioning and conclusion,the situation of system commissioning and conclusion,the technology innovation of system commissioning,the summation of experiences in the commissioning of station system commissioning of BTB HVDC and the optimization of system commissioning items,are presented.
NANOCRYSTALLIZATION AND MAGNETIC PSOPERTIES OF CoFeNbSiB AMORPHOUS ALLOYS

Nanocrystallization behavior and magnetic properties of amorphous Co68Fe7Nb5Si12B8 and Co64FellNb5Si12B8 alloys isothermally annealed in the temperature range of 400-580℃ have been investigated. Results showed that bee α-Fe(Co) solid solution with grain size of about 10nm is precipited in the amorphous matrix for the two kinds of alloy annealed in temperature range of 450-560 ℃ for an hour. When annealed temperature (Ta) is lower than 470℃, the soft magnetic properties of alloys are rather good, but after annealing in temperature range of 540-560℃, the coercivity increases abruptly and the magnetization in the weak field becomes very low. When Ta≥580 ℃, the new crystalline phases such as Co-B. Fe-B and other compounds precipitate; meanwhile the magnetic properties become softer. This unusual experimental result has been explained by the large magnetostriction of the bcc a-Fe(Co)phase.
Cloning of rat thrombomodulin gene and its prokaryotic expression

Purpose To study the PCR amplification,cloning and protein expression of rats thrombomodulin(TM)gene.MethodsWith the genome of rats as template,TM gene was amplified by means of PCR and its T-A was cloned by pMD18-T simple vector and sequenced.After EcoRⅠ and SalⅠ digestion,the target gene fragment was linked to pET-28a(+)vector to construct the recombination plasmid.After identification with restriction digestion and DNA sequencing,the recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3)for expression of the recombinant protein.The target protein was identified by SDS-PAGE.ResultsThe length of the PCR product of TM gene was about 1 850 bp.The TM gene was successfully inserted into pMD18-T simple vector with correct sequence and the cloning of the TM gene into the pET-28a(+)protein expression plasmid was achieved.Expression of the protein of pET-28a(+)recombination plasmid and TM gene with a new band about 72 kd in weight was detected after IPTG induction.ConclusionThe TM gene has been successfully cloned and expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3).
Effect of Liquid Diet on Serum Protein Binding and Prednisolone Concentrations After Oral Prednisone

Abstract After prednisone (two 5 mg tablets) was given to each of six normal volunteers with water or with a liquid meal, standard pharmacokinetic parameters of prednisolone metabolism were similar, except that peak serum prednisolone concentrations occurred later after the meal. We conclude that prednisone can be given with a meal without significantly affecting the metabolism of prednisone or prednisolone.
Eye findings in intrauterine infections.

The list of infectious agents associated with congenital ocular defects appears to be constantly growing, beyond the initially designated TORCH group. Although the majority of these infections are transmitted via the placenta, retrograde infection from the genital tract to the uterus in the face of premature rupture of the membranes can occur, as can acquisition during labor and delivery.
Survival of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 on Some Common Foods Routinely Touched before Consumption

Droplets of saliva containing herpes simplex virus type 1 were placed on the skin of tomatoes and the upper surface of lettuce leaves. There was no loss of virus infectivity titer at refrigerator temperature (2°C) at any time examined up to 1 h, the longest period tested. At room temperature (22 to 24°C) there was a 2-log drop in titer between 30 and 60 min, but some infectious virus was still present at 1 h. The virus-containing saliva remained in a liquid state at 2°C. At 22 to 24°C the droplets became dry at approximately 50 min. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Management of acute or late hematogenous infection after shoulder arthroplasty with irrigation, débridement, and component retention.

Background Irrigation and debridement (ID range, 30°-160°), and external rotation was greater than 40° in all shoulders (median, 50°; range, 40°-90°). Conclusion I&D allowed component retention in 70% of shoulders presenting with an acute or delayed-onset acute hematogenous infection. Most patients were prescribed chronic antibiotic suppression, and reasonable motion was maintained.
NSAIDs Use after Breast Cancer Diagnosis Improves Relapse-Free and Overall Survival: Retrospective Pilot Study

Objectives: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway mediates key cellular functions, including growth and proliferation, and hotspot point mutations in the catalytic subunit of PI3K ( PIK3CA) are prevalent in breast cancer (30+%). Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 by aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) downregulates PI3K signaling activity. Our study compared relapse-free survival and breast cancer-specific mortality, according to PIK3CA mutation …
A Good Friend’: The Role of Peer Networks in Juvenile Treatment Courts

A primary goal of Juvenile Treatment Courts is participant abstention from the use of alcohol and drugs. The present paper seeks to understand the role of social networks in participant abstention by examining the accounts of peer interactions of 37 current and former youth participants in New York State. This qualitative study found that while severing deviant network ties were involved in abstention in some cases, the dominant theme was the perceived protective role of emotionally close, albeit drug using, peers in supporting abstention. Although most cognitively based adolescent chemical abuse treatment programs explore the role of social networks in youth chemical use and abuse, the findings that youth in Juvenile Treatment Court programs have continued exposure to drugs and alcohol through interaction with their social networks suggest that social network interactions also enter into the discourse taking place within Juvenile Treatment Court settings.
Varenicline versus nicotine patch with brief advice for smokers with substance use disorders with or without depression: effects on smoking, substance use and depressive symptoms.

Aims Varenicline was compared with transdermal nicotine (NRT) for smokers with current substance use disorders (SUD) for effects on 3-month smoking abstinence (primary outcome) and, secondarily, on 3- and 6 month abstinence while adjusting for medication adherence, and on additional smoking and substance use outcomes. Moderation by major depressive disorder history (MDD) and adherence were investigated. Design Double-blind double-placebo-controlled randomized design, stratifying by MDD, gender and nicotine dependence, with 3 and 6 months follow-up. Setting University offices in Rhode Island, USA. Participants Adult smokers (n = 137), in SUD treatment, substance abstinent <12 months (n = 77 varenicline, 60 NRT). Intervention and comparator Twelve weeks of varenicline (2 mg/day, after 1-week dose run-up) or NRT (21 mg/day decreasing to 7 mg/day). Measurements Primary: point-prevalence smoking abstinence (7-day, confirmed) at 3 months. Secondary: point-prevalence abstinence at 6 months, quantity and frequency of smoking and substance use at 3 and 6 months, and within-treatment abstinence, medication adherence and depressive symptoms. Smoking outcome analyses were repeated controlling for adherence and investigating adherence as a moderator. Findings Effects on 3-month abstinence were P < 0.065 without a covariate (Bayes factor 3.35, supporting the effect strongly) and differed significantly when controlling for baseline smoking [varenicline: 13%, NRT: 3%; odds ratio (OR) = 4.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00, 23.13, P < 0.05]. The threefold difference at 6 months was not significant. Medication effect on abstinence across time was significant (P < 0.05) covarying adherence and baseline smoking (OR = 6.40, 95% CI = 1.00, 40.93). Medication differences in 3-month abstinence occurred among participants with ≥ 77% adherence (P < 0.02). No significant medication effects on heavy drinking, drug use or depressive symptoms were found. Conclusions Varenicline appears to improve the chances of achieving at least 3 months of smoking abstinence in smokers with substance use disorders trying to stop, compared with transdermal nicotine patches, the effect being independent of history of depressive disorder.
Two new species of Neomachilellus Wygodzinsky (Meinertellidae, Microcoryphia) from the state of Amazonas, Brazil

Abstract Two new species of Microcoryphia, Neomachilellus adisi and N. scandens, occurring in the inundation forests near Manaus and collected in tree-traps, are described and compared to other species of the genus.
Experience of frailty in Korean elderly: a phenomenological study utilizing the Colaizzi method

Purpose This study attempts to explore the subjective experience of frailty among elderly individuals in Korea. Methods From June to August in 2014, 11 elderly persons who had experienced frailty in a community were interviewed. For data analysis, the method suggested by Colaizzi was applied as a phenomenological method. Results According to the analysis, the study participants' frailty process was structured in seven categories: (a) 'natural phenomenon with ageing,' (b) 'life force comes to an end,' (c) 'the light in my heart turns off,' (d) 'unavoidable situation,' (e) 'continuous and connected vicious cycle,' (f) 'the limit of recovery energy already passes,' and (g) 'life is supported by someones help.' Conclusion The frailty experience in the participants is a natural process of aging, which cause vicious cycle acting with each other among physical, psychological, and social health. It is said that the cycle of frailty was started from weight loss and insufficient sleep, and boostered by pain. The participants from repetition of the vicious cycle become exhausted and pass the threshold of their recovery energy at some points. If they meet with sudden accidents such as falling, traffic accident and so on, they become to live a dependent life supported by someone's help in a moment. To prevent frailty and worsening conditions in Korean elderly individuals, it is recommended to provide a interventional programs using this study's results.
Nanoparticle-based delivery of an anti-proliferative metal chelator to tumor cells

This paper describes the preparation and characterization of polymeric nanoparticles loaded with a potent anti-tumor metal chelator, Di-2-pyridylketone-4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT) for delivery to cancer cells. Metal chelators have been increasingly studied for their anti-cancer properties that rely on the high demand of neoplastic cells for iron. Dp44mT has previously shown great antiproliferative characteristics in several cancers including breast cancer and melanoma. To further expand the application of this highly cytotoxic agent for cancer treatment and to enable its specific delivery to malignant cells, here we apply nano-scale particles (NPs) of biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolide) (PLGA) for encapsulation of Dp44mT and evaluate its effectiveness in vitro. The results demonstrated that Dp44mT was efficiently encapsulated in PLGA particles. Resulting NPs were uniform in size and shape and had good colloidal stability. Moreover, Dp44mT encapsulation in PLGA enhanced the water solubility of this agent. Lastly, the present formulation showed high level of cytotoxicity in glioma cells. Together, these results show the potential of PLGA NPs as a nano-carrier for Dp44mT with no apparent impact on the anti-tumor activity of this compound.
Phone Disassembly and Water-Damaged Phones

New or seasoned forensic examiners should always try several various hardware or software solutions before resorting to destructive techniques. Typically, the number one reason these are being employed is user enabled security. Other reasons may include a locked provider code placed on the file system for subsidy with the carrier. iPhones, depending on their version of OS, can have the user PIN defeated. The same applies to Android. In many cases, the supported devices do not need disassembly for the use of some of these tools. Still, techniques such as Joint Test Action Group and In-System Programming can also be included in the list of nondestructive methods. Like many tools that are used for mobile forensics, the reason the tool or utility was developed, was not originally for forensics. Many of the tools used to exploit the phone will be limited to what it supports. Examiners must understand that these tools can also alter or wipe potential evidence.
This Tweet Brought to You by a Journalist: How Comment Gatekeeping Influences Online News Credibility

It is increasingly common for journalists to use reader comments from social media as a quote or source of evidence for news. Past work on the effects of user-generated content has revealed that comments can have a host of negative effects on readers’ psychological processing of news, particularly when reader comments are hostile or uncivil. What happens, however, when online comments are moderated by a journalist? Does comment gatekeeping influence the effects of comments? Informed by the Modality-Agency-Interactivity-Navigability model and warranting theory, an experiment (N = 365) was conducted to answer these questions using a 2 (comment gatekeeping: low vs. high) × 2 (comment valence: positive vs. negative) × 2 (news involvement: low vs. high) design. Results revealed that journalistic gatekeeping of comments decreases article credibility and increases bias through the indirect pathway of source trustworthiness, regardless of news type or comment valence.
Sensitivity and specificity of a sparse reconstruction algorithm for superparamagnetic relaxometry

Ovarian cancer survival rates could be greatly improved through effective early detection. However, several clinical studies have shown that proposed screening methodologies have no impact on overall survival. Our lab is participating in the development of a novel nanoparticle imaging device that can be incorporated as a third-line test to improve the specificity and sensitivity of the overall screening program. The device’s highly sensitive detectors can detect the residual magnetic field of only those nanoparticles that have become bound to cancer cells via specific antibody interactions. However, the reconstruction of the bound particle distribution from this residual field map is challenging due to the highly ill-posed nature of the inverse problem. Our lab has developed a sparse reconstruction algorithm to overcome this challenge. Here, we present the results of a blinded phantom study to simulate the pre-clinical scenario of detecting a tumor signal in the presence of a large signal from bound particles in the liver. Overall, our algorithm identified the correct location of bound particle sources with 84% accuracy. We were able to detect as little as 1.6ug of bound particles with 100% accuracy when the source was alone, and as little as 3.13ug when there was a stronger source present. We also show the effect of manual and automatic parameter selection on the performance of the algorithm. These results provide valuable information about the expected performance of the algorithm that we can use to optimize the design of future small animal studies as we work to bring this novel technology to the clinic.
Method development for comprehensive extraction and analysis of marine toxins: Liquid-liquid extraction and tandem liquid chromatography separations coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry.

Abstract A variety of toxins are produced by marine and freshwater microorganisms that present a threat to human health. These toxins have diverse chemical properties and specifically, a range of hydrophobicity. Methods for extraction and identification of these toxins are often geared toward specific classes of toxin depending on the sample type. There is a need for a general method of toxin extraction and identification for screening samples where the likely toxin content is not known a priori. We have applied a general method for metabolite extraction to toxin containing samples. This method was coupled with a simple dual liquid chromatography approach for separating a broad range of toxins. This liquid chromatography approach was coupled to triple quadrupole and quadrupole time-of-flight MS/MS platforms. The method was testing on a fish matrix for recovery of palytoxin as well as marine corals for detection of natural mixtures of palytoxin analogues. The recovery of palytoxin was found to produce a linear response (R2 of 0.95) when spiked into the fish matrix with a limit of quantitation of 2.5 ng/μL and recovery efficiency of 73% + /- 9%. The screening of corals revealed varying amount of palytoxin, and in one case, different palytoxin structural analogues. This demonstration illustrates the potential utility of this method for toxin extraction and detection.
Genetic characteristics of patients with congenital hyperinsulinism.

Purpose of reviewCongenital hyperinsulinism is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycemia in infants and children. Early and appropriate recognition and treatment of hypoglycemia is vital to minimize neurocognitive impairment.Recent findingsThere are at least 11 known monogenic forms of hyperi
Framing of same-sex marriage over 17 years in two newspapers is linked to ideology especially in election years:

Over 17 years, the New York Post and New York Times framed same-sex marriage primarily in terms of equality or morality. In 1998-2003, morality framing was more prevalent, especially in the Post. I...
Mechanism-Based Cell Models for Fracture in Ductile and Ductile/Brittle Regimes

The fracture resistance of ferritic steels in the ductile/brittle transition regime is controlled by the competition between ductile tearing and cleavage fracture. Under typical conditions, a crack initiates and grows by ductile tearing but final failure occurs by catastrophic cleavage fracture. The zone of tearing is modeled by a layer of void-containing cells characterizing the spacing and volume fraction of voids in material elements lying in the plane of fracture. These cell elements incorporate the softening characteristics of cavity growth and its strong dependence on stress triaxiality. Under increasing strain, the voids grow and coalesce to form new crack surfaces thereby advancing the crack. Crack growth causes significant alterations in the stress field, the process zone size and directly affects the initiation of cleavage fracture. These effects are accounted for by incorporating weakest link statistics into the cell element model. The cleavage fracture model also takes into account the increase of sampling volume with crack growth and the competition between void nucleation from carbide inclusions and unstable inclusion cracking which precipitates catastrophic cleavage fracture. The model is not limited by the extent of plastic deformation nor the amount of ductile tearing preceding cleavage fracture. Load-displacement behavior, ductile tearing resistance and transition to cleavage fracture are discussed for several different test geometries and a range of microstructural parameters. The model predicts trends in the ductile/brittle transition region that agree with experimental data.
Paclitaxel and carboplatin in bladder cancer: recent developments

Paclitaxel demonstrates significant single-agent activity in advanced urothelial carcinoma. Paclitaxel/carboplatin is an active and tolerable outpatient chemotherapy treatment regimen for these patients. This regimen has been studied in several phase II trials with response rates ranging from 14 to 65%. Paclitaxel/carboplatin may be considered in patients with advanced urothelial cancer and renal insufficiency, and a recent Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) phase II trial investigates this regimen specifically in this patient population. Ongoing ECOG trials are comparing paclitaxel/carboplatin with M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, cisplatin) in both the advanced disease and adjuvant settings.
Blastomycosis: a case study of a dimorphic fungal disease.

A 17-year-old male presented to a local hospital with symptoms of pneumonia and a hacking cough productive of yellow sputum. Direct examination of a bronchial lavage sample revealed organisms morphologically consistent with Blastomyces dermatitidis, which was confirmed by culture. The patient was placed on intravenous antifungal therapy and his condition improved dramatically. OBJECTIVES: to describe the gross and microscopic morphologies of both yeast and mold forms of B. dermatitidis; to identify B. dermatitidis given patient history, and microscopic and colony morphology; to describe the symptoms of primary pulmonary infections caused by B. dermatitidis, and to name additional tissues typically affected by the systemic pathogen. ABBREVIATIONS:AIDS = acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; ANA = antinuclear antibodies; HSV = herpes simplex virus; KOH = potassium hydroxide; RBC = red blood cell; WBC = white blood cell.
Chemically synthesized Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (LGM2605) improves mitochondrial function in cardiac myocytes and alleviates septic cardiomyopathy.

Abstract Sepsis is the overwhelming systemic immune response to infection, which can result in multiple organ dysfunction and septic shock. Myocardial dysfunction during sepsis is associated with advanced disease and significantly increased in-hospital mortality. Our group has shown that energetic failure and excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation constitute major components of myocardial dysfunction in sepsis. Because ROS production is central to cellular metabolic health, we tested if the synthetic anti-oxidant lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG; LGM2605) would alleviate septic cardiac dysfunction and investigated the underlying mechanism. Using the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mouse model of peritonitis-induced sepsis, we observed impairment of cardiac function beginning at 4 h post-CLP surgery. Treatment of mice with LGM2605 (100 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) 6 h post-CLP surgery reduced cardiac ROS accumulation and restored cardiac function. Assessment of mitochondrial respiration (Seahorse XF) in primary cardiomyocytes obtained from adult C57BL/6 mice that had undergone CLP and treatment with LGM2605 showed restored basal and maximal respiration, as well as preserved oxygen consumption rate (OCR) associated with spare capacity. Further analyses aiming to identify the cellular mechanisms that may account for improved cardiac function showed that LGM2605 restored mitochondria abundance, increased mitochondrial calcium uptake and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition to protecting against cardiac dysfunction, daily treatment with LGM2605 and antibiotic ertapenem (70 mg/kg) protected against CLP-associated mortality and reversed hypothermia when compared against mice receiving ertapenem and saline. Therefore, treatment of septic mice with LGM2605 emerges as a novel pharmacological approach that reduces cardiac ROS accumulation, protects cardiac mitochondrial function, alleviates cardiac dysfunction, and improves survival.
Scattering Dynamics of Glycine, H2O, and CO2 on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite

The dynamics of H2O, CO2, and glycine (GLY) colliding with highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) have been explored with beam-surface scattering techniques and molecular dynamics (MD) simulatio...
Signal Reconstruction from Mobile Sensors Network Using Matrix Completion Approach

Bridge system identification is recently studied using mobile sensing network data. As one possible solution, the data collected by moving sensors are to be mapped to some predefined virtual stationary locations and then, using estimated stationary data, various system identification methods can be applied. The mapping function, however, has not been studied thoroughly so far. STRIDEX, which is a recently proposed platform for bridge SID using mobile sensing, assume sinc function as an estimator for the mapping function. Despite its effectiveness under certain conditions, the function cannot accurately estimate stationary time responses from mobile data in more realistic cases of moving sensors with random presence over the bridge. In this paper, an alternative solution based on low-rank matrix completion problem is proposed and motivations for this choice are discussed. This method attempts to complete the matrix as accurate as possible by convex optimization, given a sparse matrix of acceleration values with various time and space coordinates. A comprehensive comparison between sinc and matrix completion approaches is performed and the results are evaluated in terms of the response prediction accuracy in both time and frequency. Results show that the proposed matrix completion signals are a very good match to the actual signals, while the reconstructed signals using sinc are sometimes not as accurate.
Elevating the Voices and Research of Fat Scholars and Activists: Standpoint Theory in Fat Studies

Unfortunately, when it comes to much of the research on fat people, the voices of fat people, including fat researchers and activists, are either marginalized or absent. We believe one way to addre...
Reductions in bilateral transverse sinus pressure gradients with unilateral transverse venous sinus stenting for idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Background Venous sinus stenting is an effective treatment for papilledema associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). It is unclear whether unilateral transverse-sigmoid sinus (TSS) stenting adequately decompresses the contralateral TSS system in cases of bilateral transverse sinus stenosis. The objective of this study was to compare changes in bilateral TSS pressure gradients following unilateral TSS stenting in a series of patients with IIH. Methods Consecutive patients from a single institution who underwent venous sinus stenting for IIH with measurement of bilateral pressure gradients before and after stenting for IIH were enrolled. Pressure gradients in both TSS pre- and post-stenting were measured during the procedure. The TSS with the highest gradient was stented. Changes in TSS pressure gradients following stent placement were calculated for both TSS. Mean changes in pressure gradients of ipsilateral and contralateral TSS were calculated. Results Sixteen patients with IIH who underwent TSS stenting were included. All were female. Mean age was 36.4 years. The right-sided TSS was the stented side in 12 (75.0%) patients. The mean pre-stent pressure gradient of the ipsilateral TSS was 19.3 mmHg (SD=10.8), which was reduced to a mean of 3.8 mmHg (3.4) following stent placement (P = Conclusions The use of a single stent provides some venous decompression of the contralateral non-stented stenosis in most cases of IIH treated with endovascular therapy.
Second- and higher-order equations

Abstract This chapter deals mainly with methods of solving second-order homogeneous and nonhomogeneous linear equations with constant coefficients. The characteristic equation and its roots are shown to yield explicit solutions of homogeneous equations, whereas the methods of undetermined coefficients and variation of parameters are shown to be effective for nonhomogeneous equations. All techniques are extended to higher-order linear equations with constant coefficients. The chapter concludes with a discussion of existence and uniqueness.