cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study of knowledge graphical display based on semantic Web and genetic algorithm

For improving the cognitive and reading efficiency of domain knowledge,on the basis of the existing technology,this paper further studied the method of graphical display of knowledge.Based on ontology and semantic Web technology,it discussed the basic knowledge model and corresponding exhibition proposal which could be used to graphical display.Pointing to the layout problem of the knowledge graph,based on the genetic algorithm,combined with the actual layout requirements,it studied the suitable objective function,optimized the coding scheme,and also introduced the elite solutions group technology for saving advantage solutions.At the same time,it also improved the genetic strategy according to above processing characteristics.Example comparison proves the algorithm can reduce the intersections and achieve clustering purpose,has high efficiency,and can be used in the actual application.The above knowledge model and layout algorithm can be used in the actual system,and provide reference for similar research.
Writing the Relationship: Ethnographer-Informant Interactions in the New Media Era

With the ever-increasing accessibility of new communications media, there has been growing discussion among ethnographers about how new media data such as e-mails, SMS/texts, blogs, news article comment sections, or community group websites have impacted the practice of ethnography. Generally, questions center around the characteristics of the data itself. Less often discussed is the effect of new communications media on relationships between ethnographers and members of the communities they study. This article explores what happens when social media becomes a channel through which researchers interact with informants both during fieldwork and between fieldsite visits. I examine how new formats of quick and often casual written communication influence the development of ethnographer–informant relationships over time. These technologies make contact with some informants (but not others) easier and more frequent, and, particularly because they bring written language into a relationship that often privileges spoken interaction, they may allow different facets of identity to emerge, reconfigure a researcher's network of relationships in the fieldsite, or change the personal-professional divide.
Medicinal chemistry of antisense oligonucleotides--future opportunities.

The emerging future of antisense oligonucleotides depends on rational modifications of its nucleotide repeating units. Currently the most prevalent design features that are crucial for continued antisense development are nuclease resistance, cellular uptake, hybridization properties, and disruption of RNA functions through terminating events. Very few structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies have been directed to these problems and these have typically used binding affinities and nuclease sensitivities as activity end points rather than in vitro or in vivo biological activities. Further SAR studies may be approached by sequence selection SARs which hold a certain uniform modification type constant (e.g. phosphorothioates) while varying the sequence of the oligonucleotide. The more traditional approach is to modify the oligonucleotide while keeping the sequence constant. This review is concerned with the latter approach and summarizes modifications of the phosphorus atom, pentofuranosyl (sugar) linker, pentofuranosyl ring and its 2'-substituents, and the heterocycles. The review covers the 1989-91 literature of various modified oligonucleotides designed and synthesized to enhance pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of antisense oligonucleotides.
Management of Isolated Sectoral Duct Injury

The most common cause of benign strictures involving the intrahepatic bile ducts is injury occurring either as a single event or with recurring inflammatory insults. Depending on the degree and chronicity of inflammation, ductal and periductal fibrosis of the intrahepatic bile ducts may lead to stricture formation with a solitary focal pattern or extensive multifocal segmental stricturing throughout the liver. The latter pattern is classically associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis, biliary cirrhosis, or biliary sclerosis, conditions which are covered in other chapters included in this textbook.
Chemoreceptor involvement in cortisol responses to hypoxia in ventilated dogs

Changes in cortisol secretion rate (CSR) in response to hypoxic hypoxia (HH) and to carbon monoxide hypoxia (COH) were assessed in mongrel dogs that had intact chemoreceptors (INT); surgically deaf...
Dental instrument sterilization and control of nosocomial infection

医院感染是指在医院获得的感染.1978年世界卫生组织对医院感染的定义为:凡是患者因住院、陪诊(护)或医院工作人员因医疗、护理工作而被感染所引起的任何临床显示症状的微生物性疾病,无论受害对象在医院期间是否出现症状,均属于医院感染.发生医院感染,对医者来说直接影响医疗质量;对患者来讲,可进一步造成其身体伤害,甚至死亡,且大大增加了医疗费用。
Maids, Fishermen, and Storytellers: Rewriting Marginal Characters in Early Qing Drama and Fiction

This paper looks at the ways in which traditionally minor characters are rewritten and manipulated in several stories and plays published in the second half of the seventeenth century. Focusing on the characterization of the storyteller Liu Jingting in Kong Shangren's Taohua shan (Peach Blossom Fan), the maid Nenghong in Li Yu's story “Fuyun lou” (The Cloud-Scraper), and Fisherman Mo in Li Yu's story “Tan Chuyu” and play derived from it, Bimu yu (Sole Mates), I elucidate a process of “character elevation” in which marginal characters who are literary representations of the lower classes are endowed with qualities traditionally seen as the prerogative of the leading characters, who represent the social elite. Rather than reading these upwardly mobile minor characters as fundamentally subversive, I argue that they may be seen instead as literati appropriation of, or fantasy about, the lower classes.
The effects of parental mental health and social-emotional coping on adolescent eating disorder attitudes and behaviors

This study examined whether social-emotional coping skills moderate the association between parental mental health symptoms and adolescent disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in a clinical sample of adolescents with internalizing and/or externalizing symptoms. Fifty-nine adolescent-parent dyads (N = 118 total participants) recruited from a metropolitan area in the Northeastern United States completed assessments at baseline and 12-month follow-up. Generally, higher parental depression and anxiety were only found to be associated with greater disordered eating attitudes and behaviors among adolescents who reported poorer (versus stronger) emotional awareness/expression skills and less (versus greater) ability to regulate emotions. Results may suggest that adolescents who lack the ability to effectively recognize, express, and manage negative emotions that arise in the context of a challenging home environment may be at greater risk for engaging in maladaptive coping behaviors, such as disordered eating. Thus, bolstering adolescent social-emotional coping skills may help protect against adolescent disordered eating.
A ± 3 ppm/°C Single-Trim Switched Capacitor Bandgap Reference for Battery Monitoring Applications

A precision bandgap reference has been developed in a $0.18~\mu \text {m}$ BiCMOS process that achieves ±3 ppm/°C temperature drift at ±3 $\sigma $ from −40 °C to 110 °C. The reference is designed to utilize single temperature trim and standard components. A 3.65 V switched capacitor reference voltage is provided to a $2^{{\textrm {nd}}}$ order delta-sigma modulator ADC to digitize a battery cell voltage. The switched capacitor reference utilizes fully differential sampling which reduces the errors from channel charge injection and clock feedthrough introduced by pseudo-differential sampling. A new technique for sampling a $\text {V}_{{\textrm {be}}}$ voltage directly onto the output of the reference’s differential amplifier has been developed that removes the error that would be introduced from differentially sampling the $\text {V}_{{\textrm {be}}}$ and the $\Delta \text {V}_{{\textrm {be}}}$ voltage terms independently. The bandgap reference and ADC combination have an input referred noise spectral density of $4.7~\mu \text {V}/\surd $ Hz from 0.1 to 162 Hz yielding 15 stable output bits.
Metabolomics of Head and Neck Cancer: A Mini-Review.

Metabolomics is used in systems biology to enhance the understanding of complex disease processes, such as cancer. Head and neck cancer (HNC) is an epithelial malignancy that arises in the upper aerodigestive tract and affects more than half a million people worldwide each year. Recently, significant effort has focused on integrating multiple ‘omics’ technologies for oncological research. In particular, research has been focused on identifying tumor-specific metabolite profiles using different sample types (biological fluids, cells and tissues) and a variety of metabolomic platforms and technologies. With our current understanding of molecular abnormalities of HNC, the addition of metabolomic studies will enhance our knowledge of the pathogenesis of this disease and potentially aid in the development of novel strategies to prevent and treat HNC. In this review, we summarize the proposed hypotheses and conclusions from publications that reported findings on the metabolomics of HNC. In addition, we address the potential influence of host-microbe metabolomics in cancer. From a systems biology perspective, the integrative use of genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics will be extremely important for future translational metabolomic-based research discoveries.
Recombinant Human Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Versus Thyroid Hormone Withdrawal in 124I PET/CT-Based Dosimetry for 131I Therapy of Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Purpose: Patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) may be prepared using either thyroid stimulating hormone withdrawal (THW) or recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) injections prior to 131I administration for treatment. The objective of this study was to compare the absorbed dose (D) to the critical organs and tumors determined by 124I-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) based dosimetry for 131I therapy of metastatic DTC when the same patient was prepared with and imaged after both THW and rhTSH injections. Methods: Four DTC patients at MedStar Washington Hospital Center were first prepared using the rhTSH method and imaged by 124I-PET/CT at 2, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs post-administration of approximately 30-63 MBq 124I. After 5-8 weeks, the same patients were prepared using the THW method and imaged as before. The 124I-PET/CT images acquired as part of a prospective study were used to perform retrospective dosimetric calculations for 131I therapy for the normal organs using the dosimetry package 3D-RD. The Ds from 131I for lungs, liver, heart, kidneys and bone marrow were obtained for each study (rhTSH and THW). A total of 22 lesions in three patients were identified. The contours were drawn on each PET image of each study. Time-integrated activity coefficients were calculated and used as input in OLINDA/EXM sphere dose calculator to obtain the absorbed dose to tumors. Results: The THW-to-rhTSH organ absorbed dose ratio averaged over five organs for the first three patients was 1.5, 2.5 and 0.64, respectively, and averaged over three organs for the fourth patient was 1.1. The absorbed dose per unit administered activity to the bone marrow was 0.13, 0.086, 0.33 and 0.068 mGy/MBq following rhTSH, and 0.11, 0.14, 0.22 and 0.080 mGy/MBq following THW for each patient, respectively. With the exception of three lesions of one patient, the D per unit administered activity of 131I was higher in the THW study compared to the rhTSH study. The ratio of the average tumor D after stimulation by THW compared to stimulation by rhTSH injections was 3.9, 27 and 1.4, for Pt1, Pt2 and Pt3, respectively. The ratio of mean tumor to bone marrow absorbed dose per unit administered activity of 131I, after THW and rhTSH was: 232 and 62 (Pt1); 12 and 0.78 (Pt2); 22 and 11 (Pt3), respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest a high patient variability in the overall absorbed dose to the normal organs per MBq of 131I administered, between the two TSH stimulation methods. The tumor to dose-limiting-organ (bone marrow) absorbed dose ratio, i.e. the therapeutic index was higher in the THW-aided compared to rhTSH-aided administrations. Additional comparison for tumor and normal organ absorbed dose in patients prepared using both methods is needed before definitive conclusions may be drawn regarding rhTSH versus THW patient preparation methods for 131I therapy of metastatic DTC.
High-order localized dissipation weighted compact nonlinear scheme for shock- and interface-capturing in compressible flows

Simulations of single- and multi-species compressible flows with shock waves and discontinuities are conducted using a weighted compact nonlinear scheme (WCNS) with a newly developed sixth order localized dissipative interpolation. In smooth regions, the scheme applies the central nonlinear interpolation with minimum dissipation to resolve fluctuating flow features while in regions containing discontinuities and high wavenumber features, the scheme suppresses spurious numerical oscillations by hybridizing the central interpolation with the more dissipative upwind-biased nonlinear interpolation. In capturing material interfaces between species of different densities, a quasi-conservative five equation model that can conserve mass of each species is used to prevent pressure oscillations across the interfaces. Compared to upwind-biased interpolations with classical nonlinear weights [1,2] and improved weights [3], and the interpolation with adaptive central-upwind weights for scale-separation [4], it is shown that WCNS with the proposed localized dissipative interpolation has better performance to simultaneously capture discontinuities and resolve smooth features.
Mixed features in major depressive disorder: diagnoses and treatments.

For the first time in 20 years, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) updated the psychiatric diagnostic system for mood disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Perhaps one of the most notable changes in the DSM-5 was the recognition of the possibility of mixed symptoms in major depression and related disorders (MDD). While MDD and bipolar and related disorders are now represented by 2 distinct chapters, the addition of a mixed features specifier to MDD represents a structural bridge between bipolar and major depression disorders, and formally recognizes the possibility of a mix of hypomania and depressive symptoms in someone who has never experienced discrete episodes of hypomania or mania. This article reviews historical perspectives on “mixed states” and the recent literature, which proposes a range of approaches to understanding “mixity.” We discuss which symptoms were considered for inclusion in the mixed features specifier and which symptoms were excluded. The assumption that mixed symptoms in MDD necessarily predict a future bipolar course in patients with MDD is reviewed. Treatment for patients in a MDD episode with mixed features is critically considered, as are suggestions for future study. Finally, the premise that mood disorders are necessarily a spectrum or a gradient of severity progressing in a linear manner is argued.
New matrix completion models for social information retrieval application

Many popular social web sites have emerged during the past decade and completely changed many users' everyday live. Recently, social information retrieval models, where conventional information retrieval meets the social context of search and recommendation, have become the central topic in machine learning, data mining, information retrieval and many other areas. A particular application of social information retrieval is the recommendation. Such recommendation ranges from classic recommendation movie rating recommendation in user-item matrices, trust and reputation modeling between members in any social network. If we model such recommendation in the form of matrices, then such recommendation can be formulated as recovering missing values in the matrices. This is a classic research topics and there are numerous literature papers regarding this. In this dissertation, we propose a few different models in terms of social recommendation. Specifically, we develop different models to predict the trust between users in the discrete domain, trust and rating prediction via aggregating heterogeneous social networks, predicting the future events of users. We will introduce these models in different chapters, provide the mathematical deviation for the objective function optimization and demonstrate the effectiveness of these methods with other benchmark methods in each category. These methods provide new perspectives for discovering un-tagged relationships and predicting future events for social networks.
High Pressure Research in the Far Infrared Region

The capability of obtaining vibrational spectra in the low frequency region below 300 cm−1 under non-ambient pressures to 80 kbars, is a comparatively new technique. The instrumentation necessary to do this will be reviewed. Studies made with ionic solids and coordination compounds will be discussed. Problems and limitations in the method will be presented.
Predicting Large Ocean Wave Events Characterized by Bimodal Energy Spectra in the Presence of a Low-Level Southerly Wind Feature

AbstractThree large wave events are simulated with WaveWatch III using different wind inputs and physics packages. The modeled output, including spectral shape and bulk parameter time series, are c...
Exotropia: The Motor Examination

The treatment approach of a patient with exotropia is based in part on the findings of the motor evaluation. Our current understanding of the role of the far distance measurement, determination of ...
Resource selection method based on service capability in cloud manufacturing

Cloud manufacturing is a new manufacturing model based on the network. It collects unevenly distributed physical manufacturing resources of the world into virtual resources and provides services outward by providing services. When a large number of resources accumulate, it is difficult to select optimal resources objectively and a good resource selection method is needed. Service capability is the attribute of resources to provide external services. It plays an extremely important role in measuring the quality of resources. This paper performs analysis in two contexts: the business system and manufacturing process. It uses workflow log mining technology to provide a favourable environment for resource selection. The paper proposes a resource selection method based on service capability and applies it to experimental analysis of a city's the research and development project named 'cloud manufacturing service platform for small and medium-sized enterprises'. The results show that the method proposed is feasible.
Phonology: A Coursebook

This practical and accessibly written textbook provides a thoughtfully ordered introduction to a wide range of phonological phenomena. It contains many exercises combining classic datasets with newly compiled problems. These help the student learn to discover sound patterns nested in complex linguistic data, beginning with concrete introductory examples and stepping through a series of progressively more complex phonological phenomena. It covers alternation, vowel harmony, phonemic analysis, natural classes and distinctive features, abstractness and opacity, syllable structure, tone, stress, prosodic morphology, feature geometry, and optimality theory. It is essential reading for students of linguistics around the world.
Examining direct and indirect effects of classroom procedural justice on online students’ willingness to talk

ABSTRACTInterest in understanding what constitutes effective instruction online continues to grow as more universities adopt mediated formats for teaching. However, engaging students in productive, content-related conversation in online courses remains challenging. Several variables may influence student willingness to talk in online classes – procedural justice, affect towards the instructor, and perceived cognitive learning – each with probable direct and indirect effects on student inclinations for communicating in the classroom. This study proposes a model predicting student willingness to talk in online classes. Results indicate initial support for the proposed model, and practical implications for instructors teaching online courses are suggested.
Evaluation of the clinical accuracy of laboratory tests

Fundamental clinical performance of a laboratory test can be described in terms of accuracy, or the ability to correctly classify subjects into clinically relevant subgroups. Accuracy refers to the quality of the information provided by the classification device and should be distinguished from the efficacy, or practical usefulness, of the information. Receiver operating characteristic curves provide a pure index of accuracy by demonstrating the limits of a test's ability to discriminate between alternative states of health over the complete spectrum of operating conditions. If analytical imprecision is removed from the data, the resulting receiver operating characteristic curve represents the inherent biological variation that ultimately limits the clinical accuracy of the test.
REGULATION OF ADENOVIRUS EARLY GENE EXPRESSION

Adenovirus early products are classified into four groups on the basis of studies with inhibitors of macromolecular synthesis and with virus mutants, (i) ‘Immediate early’ genes are resistant to stringent inhibition of protein synthesis and encode polypeptides of 13.5k and 52,55k. (ii) The ‘pre-early’ ElA gene block is sensitive to stringent protein synthesis inhibition, and is required for expression of the remaining early mRNAs. (iii) ‘Delayed early’ genes encode most of the conventionally recognized early proteins and are dependent on expression of the ElA region, (iv) ‘Intermediate’ genes are expressed in the absence of DNA replication but are more sensitive than the other early genes to protein synthesis inhibition; this group includes non-structural proteins as well as ‘quasi-late’ virion components. Mechanistic interpretations of this hierarchical organization are considered.
Effects of Search Skills Training on the Pica of a Blind Boy

The pica of one young boy who was blind appeared to be maintained by automatic reinforcement. We showed that pica decreased when we taught him to independently search for and find toys.
From Settlements to Civilizations

In the third of three chapters about the origins of human settlements in deep history, Bowen and Gleeson use their general systems theory (GST) model to describe the evolutionary process that led some settlements to grow into large networks of settlements, i.e., civilizations, and others to remain small and/or vanish entirely. All settlements, and larger civilizations, must continually evolve their own cultural capacities to solve problems related to material systems, living systems, and social systems within whatever boundaries they encounter in their local and/or regional environments. Every settlement, and every civilization, eventually has been overwhelmed by its own limitations. The problems that come with complexity at the largest scale have never yet been solved by any previous civilization.
Variational Bayesian Inference for Robust Streaming Tensor Factorization and Completion

Streaming tensor factorization is a powerful tool for processing high-volume and multi-way temporal data in Internet networks, recommender systems and image/video data analysis. Existing streaming tensor factorization algorithms rely on least-squares data fitting and they do not possess a mechanism for tensor rank determination. This leaves them susceptible to outliers and vulnerable to over-fitting. This paper presents a Bayesian robust streaming tensor factorization model to identify sparse outliers, automatically determine the underlying tensor rank and accurately fit low-rank structure. We implement our model in Matlab and compare it with existing algorithms on tensor datasets generated from dynamic MRI and Internet traffic.
Research on VSC-Based DC Collection system for Large Scale Renewable Energy Generation Clusters

With rapid development of advanced transmission technologies such as MTDC and DC grids, it may become one of main features for China’s future grids that collect large renewable energy generation using DC technologies, and eventually form AC-DC hybrid power grids with high proportion of renewable energy generation connected. At present, a few studies have been conducted using the DC technologies for collection of large-scale renewable energy generation and its cluster in China. The paper designs a typical multi-voltage DC grid for collection of large-scale renewable energy generation cluster. Based on the scenario of renewable energy generation cluster in China, the paper presents its DC grid topology accordingly. Then the model of multi-port DC Hub is proposed. Through a lot of transient simulations, the requirements for transmission capacity, voltage levels and control strategy of such a DC grid are also discussed. The results presented by this paper provide the reference for future research of using DC technologies for collection of large-scale renewable energy generation cluster.
Adjuvant therapy of cytomegalovirus IgM + ve associated biliary atresia: Prima facie evidence of effect.

Abstract Aim of study CMV-IgM + ve associated biliary atresia (CMV-BA) is a distinct etiological subgroup characterized by older age at presentation and a greater degree of inflammation and hepatic fibrosis, leading to a worse outcome. We report our experience with adjuvant antiviral therapy after Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE). Methods Single-center prospective database identification of CMV-IgM + ve associated BA managed between 2003 and 2017. Since 2011, IV ganciclovir (5 mg/kg b.d.) and/or oral valganciclovir (520 mg/m2 b.d.) were started in the early postoperative period in selected cases and continued until negativity of CMV DNA load [Anti-Viral Therapy (AVT) Group 1]. Clearance of jaundice was defined as achieving a total bilirubin ≤ 20 μmol/L in post-KPE period and tested with a Fisher test; native liver survival (NLS) and overall actuarial survival (OS) were compared with untreated BA CMV IgM + ve patients (Group 2) using a Log-Rank test. A P value of Results During the 14-year period, 376 infants with histologically confirmed BA were treated; of those 38(10%) were CMV IgM + ve at presentation. One child was considered too late at presentation for KPE and underwent primary liver transplantation while another only started AVT one month after KPE. Both were excluded from survival analysis. Therefore 36 underwent KPE [AVT Group 1 (n = 8) and Control Group 2 (n = 28)]. Overall age at surgery was 67(53–77) days. There was no difference in age at surgery (P = 0.26); bilirubin (P = 0.12); or AST (P = 0.15) between Group 1 and Group 2. Viral load data were available in 16 with a trend towards higher counts in the AVT group 1 [4935 (2668–18,817) vs. 1296 (253–10,471) c/ml; P = 0.06]. Clearance of jaundice was higher in AVT Group 1 (75% vs 21%, P = 0.009). There was no difference in OS (P = 0.24) but NLS was improved in the AVT Group 1 (75% vs. 25% at 2 years; P = 0.04). Conclusions Although this finding may be regarded as preliminary, adjuvant antiviral therapy appeared to improve outcome in infants with CMV IgM + ve BA. Level of evidence III.
An Effective Methodology for Automated Diagnosis of Functional Pattern Failures to Support Silicon Debug

In this paper, we present an industrial-grade solution for automated diagnosis of functional pattern failures. Fault isolation (FI) and failure analysis (FA) are two critical silicon debug activities that provide the end-of-line feedback mechanism needed for attaining and sustaining high product yield. Simulation-based diagnosis is performed using silicon characterization data from multiple failing functional patterns to quickly generate a small list of suspect candidates that explain the fail signature. Quality metrics are computed to ascertain the confidence in diagnosis. Our methodology has been productised in an in-house diagnosis tool. Furthermore, the solution has been successfully demonstrated on multiple products to serve the diverse needs of Intel’s debug and diagnosis teams. On a product, 50 out of 76 unit-level diagnoses resulted in a confirmed defect location using our methodology; thereby, achieving a success rate of 66%.
Not a Disease of the Past: A Case Series of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in the Established Antiretroviral Era

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and PML immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (PML-IRIS) can be devastating neurological processes associated with HIV, but limited knowledge of their characteristics in the established antiretroviral therapy (ART) era is available. We conducted a case series to evaluate the clinical course of PML and PML-IRIS at our urban safety-net hospital in Atlanta, GA. All HIV-positive individuals with a positive John Cunningham virus DNA polymerase chain reaction in the spinal fluid between May 1, 2013 to June 1, 2017 were identified from the electronic health records (EHRs) using the HIV Disease Registry. Demographics, symptom presentation, laboratory data, imaging results, treatment, and outcomes were abstracted from the EHR. PML and PML-IRIS were defined using the American Association of Neurology criteria. Of the 32 individuals identified, 6 (19%) were felt to have asymptomatic positive results. Of the remainder, 15 (58%) HIV-positive patients had PML and 11 (42%) PML-IRIS (2 with an unmasking presentation and 9 with a paradoxical presentation). The most common presenting symptoms were motor weakness (18, 69%), cognitive deficits (15, 58%), and dysarthria (11, 42%). Corticosteroids were used in 12 patients and maraviroc in 3 patients. Outcomes were dismal with 7 (47%) patients with PML and 9 (82%) with PML-IRIS dying or being referred to hospice, with median survival times of 266 days in the PML group and 109 days in the PML-IRIS group. Despite widespread access to ART, patients with PML continue to have poor outcomes, particularly among those who develop PML-IRIS. More research is needed to understand the risks for and prevention of PML-IRIS.
Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients with an incisional hernia

Abstract Background We investigate the prevalence of PTSD in patients with an incisional hernia presenting for evaluation at our institution. Methods Study patients were screened for PTSD using the PCL-5 checklist for DSM-5. Patient-reported quality of life and pain scores were assessed using validated tools (HerQLes and PROMIS Pain Intensity 3a survey). Results The prevalence of PTSD in 131 patients was 32.1% [95% CI 24%–40%]. Patients screening positive (PTSD+) reported lower quality of life scores on HerQles (17.3 ± 14.3 vs. 47.7 ± 29.6, P Conclusion Our study found a significant prevalence of positive screening for PTSD in patients seeking consultation regarding an incisional hernia. We have begun routine preoperative evaluations by a behavioral medicine specialist to address some of these complex issues in high-risk patients. Other high volume hernia programs caring for this challenging patient population should consider such assessments.
Diverticulitis of the cecum and right colon: clinical and radiographic features; report of 18 cases.

Eighteen cases of cecal and right colon diverticulitis have been presented. The clinical features, radiologic aspects, and modes of treatment have been emphasized. This series does not support the common concept that most diverticula of the cecum are solitary. The application of careful and repeated barium enema studies and detailed pathologic studies of specimens is urged to elucidate further the nature of cecal diverticula. Factors which may be important in the differential diagnosis with appendicitis have been presented. Conservative nonoperative and operative management is recommended.
Strength-based interventions for HIV prevention and sexual risk reduction among girls and young women: A resilience-focused systematic review.

Despite significant public health efforts, girls and young women still face gender-specific barriers to achieving optimal physical and mental health. Public health interventions have historically a...
Effects of corexit 9500A and Corexit-crude oil mixtures on transcriptomic pathways and developmental toxicity in early life stage mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus).

Crude oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure in early life stage fish has been well-characterized to induce phenotypic malformations such as altered heart development and other morphological impacts. The effects of chemical oil dispersants on toxicity are more controversial. To better understand how chemical dispersion of oil can impact toxicity in pelagic fish, embryos of mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) were exposed to three concentrations of the chemical dispersant Corexit 9500A, or Corexit 9500A-oil mixtures (chemically enhanced water accommodated fractions: CEWAF) of Deepwater Horizon crude oil for 48 h. RNA sequencing, gene ontology enrichment, and phenotypic measurements were conducted to assess toxicity. Exposure to Corexit 9500A altered expression of less than 50 genes at all concentrations (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/L nominal concentration) and did not induce acute mortality or phenotypic malformations, corroborating other studies showing minimal effects of Corexit 9500A on developing mahi-mahi embryos. CEWAF preparations contained environmentally relevant ∑PAH concentrations ranging from 1.4 to 3.1 μg/L and similarly did not alter larval morphology. Differentially expressed genes and significantly altered pathways related to cardiotoxicity, visual impairments, and Ca2+ homeostasis reinforced previous work that expression of genes associated with the heart and eye are highly sensitive molecular endpoints in oil-exposed early life stage fish. Differential expression and gene ontology pathways were similar across the three CEWAF treatments, indicating that increased chemical dispersion did not alter molecular outcomes within the range tested here. In addition, significant sublethal molecular responses occurred in the absence of observable phenotypic changes to the heart, indicating that effects of oil on early life stage fish may not be completely dependent on cardiac function.
The combination of TPL2 knockdown and TNFα causes synthetic lethality via caspase-8 activation in human carcinoma cell lines

Most normal and tumor cells are protected from tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced apoptosis. Here, we identify the MAP3 kinase tumor progression locus-2 (TPL2) as a player contributing to the protection of a subset of tumor cell lines. The combination of TPL2 knockdown and TNFα gives rise to a synthetic lethality phenotype via receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Whereas wild-type TPL2 rescues the phenotype, its kinase-dead mutant does not. Comparison of the molecular events initiated by small interfering RNA for TPL2 (siTPL2) ± TNFα in treatment-sensitive and -resistant lines revealed that the activation of caspase-8, downstream of miR-21-5p and cFLIP, is the dominant TPL2-dependent event. More important, comparison of the gene expression profiles of all of the tested cell lines results in the clustering of sensitive and resistant lines into distinct groups, providing proof of principle for the feasibility of generating a predictive tool for treatment sensitivity.
Sensitization of silicon by singlet exciton fission in tetracene

Silicon dominates contemporary solar cell technologies1. But when absorbing photons, silicon (like other semiconductors) wastes energy in excess of its bandgap2. Reducing these thermalization losses and enabling better sensitivity to light is possible by sensitizing the silicon solar cell using singlet exciton fission, in which two excited states with triplet spin character (triplet excitons) are generated from a photoexcited state of higher energy with singlet spin character (a singlet exciton)3–5. Singlet exciton fission in the molecular semiconductor tetracene is known to generate triplet excitons that are energetically matched to the silicon bandgap6–8. When the triplet excitons are transferred to silicon they create additional electron–hole pairs, promising to increase cell efficiencies from the single-junction limit of 29 per cent to as high as 35 per cent9. Here we reduce the thickness of the protective hafnium oxynitride layer at the surface of a silicon solar cell to just eight angstroms, using electric-field-effect passivation to enable the efficient energy transfer of the triplet excitons formed in the tetracene. The maximum combined yield of the fission in tetracene and the energy transfer to silicon is around 133 per cent, establishing the potential of singlet exciton fission to increase the efficiencies of silicon solar cells and reduce the cost of the energy that they generate. A silicon and tetracene solar cell employing singlet fission uses an eight-angstrom-thick hafnium oxynitride interlayer to promote efficient triplet transfer, increasing the efficiency of the cell.
Uneven Accountability? Public Attitudes on Indian Foreign Policy since the 1960s

India is the world's largest democracy and is growing steadily more important in the international system, yet we know very little about how India's 800 million-person democratic public thinks about, and influences, foreign policy choices. This paper explores public opinion about India's foreign policy by leveraging both historical survey data from the 1960s and 1970s, and modern, scientific surveys from the 2000s onward. Historical and modern data show three notable trends in Indian public opinion on foreign policy. First, the dynamics of public opinion vary across foreign policy issues. Attitudes toward Pakistan and China, for example, are remarkably consistent over time and across society while attitudes on India's nuclear program are more variable. Second, historical data reveals systematic sub-national variation in attitudes. Even leaving aside foreign policy issues that have particular high salience in one region (like the 1971 war impacting West Bengal), foreign policy attitudes seem to vary between the South and North, East and West. Finally, we find significant variation by income and education in the rate of "Don't Know" responses: Poorer and less educated respondents are systematically more likely to demur when asked about foreign policy and world affairs. The implications of these findings provide a direction for future research - the portions of the Indian public able to consistently offer opinions on foreign policy may be too small and irrelevant to affect policy-making, or may act as a powerful, relatively elite constituency with disproportionate influence on media, state, and the thinktank/academic community. We also outline future data collection directions.
The polyphonic pastor: Two levels of constructed dialogue in argumentation

Abstract The current study draws on insights from research on reported speech, or more accurately what Tannen (2007) calls “constructed dialogue” to elucidate its role as an argumentative device as observed in a journalistic interview with a prominent American minister. I explore diverse techniques the minister uses to marshal a multiplicity of respected voices – an impressive Bakhtinian polyphony – to defend faith. An important contribution of this study lies in its integration of what Gumperz (1977, 1982) calls “contextualization cues”, paralinguistic signaling mechanisms (stress, pitch, speech rate, etc.), and constructed dialogue as phenomena which function together. The study reveals how various contextualization cues embedded within constructed dialogue contribute to framing knowledge claims as reliable.
Importance and share of agribusiness in the Chinese economy (2000-2014).

Abstract This paper analyzes the importance and share of agribusiness and its aggregates in the Chinese national economy in the context of economic growth observed in 2000–2014. Based on National Input-Output Tables (NIOT) data, the share of agribusiness in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), employment, and global output was found to have declined due to a decrease in the share of agriculture itself. Hence, the increase in agribusiness GDP was primarily driven by the supply-related aggregate. In turn, the food industry provided the greatest momentum for growth in global output of agribusiness. This research also found that the GDP of the agriculture-based aggregate had a large share in its global output. This means that compared to other sectors, agricultural production demonstrated low levels of direct material intensity, which is important from the perspective of material efficiency and sustainable development.
Toward Noninvasive Mapping of Diffuse Scattering in the Presence of Motion.

Ultrasonic coda wave analysis techniques localize defects in fields such as seismography and nondestructive testing. In medical ultrasound, these techniques might provide novel mapping of tissue pr...
A Computational Model of Quantitatively Measuring the Alzheimer's Disease Progression in Face Identification

There are numerous large-scale biomedical and pharmacological research projects to study Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), and potential drugs and therapeutic interventions to improve this severe disease. Of significant importance are life quality of AD patients. In particular, AD patient’s ability to recognize intimate family members and nurses’ faces largely decides their life quality. The broad objective of this research is focused on providing methods to determine the extent of disease progress from the viewpoint of recovering as much cognitive ability as possible. Specifically, this research would computerize the AD patient’s diseased brain and retrained the brain with focus on recovering the visual recognition ability of family member and medical care personnel. Likewise, potential recommendations for the patients’ family members and others who interact with the patients, in order to help improve quality of life and daily interactions.
The A. D German Warehouse: Frank Lloyd Wright’s Design Process

This research discusses a long-overlooked building designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. The focus is on the project as a case study exemplifying Wright’s design process. Although Wright’s work is often described as appearing fully-conceived and then drawn in a single sitting onto the paper, the archival documents, correspondence and actual physical building of the A.D. German Warehouse tell a different story. The A.D. German Warehouse was designed ca. 1914 for Richland Center, Wisconsin, and was to be the only building Wright ever designed for the town of his birth. Built for businessman Albert Dell German of Richland Center, the warehouse is also Wright’s only warehouse among his many projects. The research presented involved the study of archival documents, the building, interviews with local residents, and a review of writings about the warehouse. Analyses of the drawings produced throughout the project were used to construct a view into Wright’s interior design process. When the warehouse was originally designed and constructed, Wright was also working on Taliesin (located approximately twenty-five miles from the warehouse project), Midway Gardens and the Imperial Hotel. The second design iteration occurred during the second phase of Wright’s career when he was working on projects such as Fallingwater. The Warehouse project provides a snap shot of Wright’s design approach during these two periods. Wright’s drawings for the Warehouse rehabilitation, located in the archives at Taliesin West in Arizona, have never been previously published. The complete holdings consist of approximately 90 drawings and sketches for the project including floor plans, sections, elevations and furniture design sketches. The significance of the A.D. German Warehouse to Wright is demonstrated by his decision to publish it in Wijdeveld’s 1925 Wendingen collection of his projects which also included Midway Gardens, the Imperial Hotel and the Larkin Building. (Wright, 1965 reprint edition). This paper argues that the A.D. German Warehouse provides a view into the complex design process by Wright.
Tunable self-assembly of magnetotactic bacteria: Role of hydrodynamics and magnetism

Self-assembly is an important process in biological systems and also a promising avenue toward dynamic and responsive micro- and nano-technologies. This study discusses the non-equilibrium self-assembly of inherently magnetic bacteria oriented perpendicular to a solid surface. An interplay between hydrodynamic and magnetic interactions leads to stable three-dimensional clusters in the long-time regime, which may be programmatically assembled, disassembled, and translated across a surface. The implications of the findings for the rational design of non-equilibrium self-assembly in general are discussed.
Drivers of Agricultural Diversity in the Contiguous United States

The spatial heterogeneity of vegetation types on a landscape has been linked to multiple ecosystem functions, including habitat for wildlife and pollinators, water cycling, human aesthetic values, and nutrient cycling. Although agricultural land uses are sometimes combined into a single unit when quantifying landscape heterogeneity, diverse cropping systems are a valuable alternative to near-monocultural croplands and contribute more strongly to ecosystem service provision, including services such as pest regulation and carbon sequestration that are of direct interest for agriculture. The USDA Cropland Data Layer was used to characterize crop diversity across the contiguous US for 2008-2018. Percentage of each crop type, along with non-crop uses such as forest and development, were calculated for each 4km PRISM climate data grid cell. To better understand the drivers of crop diversity, Random Forest modeling was used to assess the importance of climate, soils, and irrigation for patterns of crop effective richness for the contiguous United States, stratified by USDA Land Resource Region. The models explained 57-89% of the variation in maximum crop diversity, with irrigation being by far the most important explanatory variable in regions where it was employed. The drivers of change from 2008 to 2018 were less clear. Random Forest models explained only 20-60% of the change in agricultural diversity over the eleven-year period; both soil and climate properties were important, with no clear dominant drivers. Potential crop effective richness was greater than actual across the entire region studied, but substantial increases would require irrigation. Major changes in agricultural systems and infrastructure may be necessary to increase agricultural diversity at large spatial extents, and declining availability of water for irrigation could threaten the agricultural systems that are now most diverse.