cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metabolomics yield a novel biomarker for predicting diabetes mellitus risk in humans.

1. Gerszten RE, Wang TJ. The search for new cardiovascular biomarkers. Nature . 2008;451:949–952. 2. Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA, et al; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med . 2002;346:393–403. 3. Wang TJ, Ngo D, Psychogios N, Dejam A, Larson MG, Vasan RS, et al. 2-Aminoadipic acid is a biomarker for diabetes risk. J Clin Invest . 2013;123:4309–4317. Recent advances in omics technologies have yielded fascinating opportunities for risk prediction1 of common diseases like hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Identifying biomarkers for predicting risk of diabetes mellitus can help in selecting individuals that would benefit a great deal from the proven preventative strategies for diabetes mellitus.2 In a landmark initiative, Wang et al3 sought to identify metabolite biomarkers of diabetes mellitus risk using high-throughput metabolite profiling from plasma samples of 2 large epidemiological cohorts and followed-up their findings with a series of mechanistic studies in a mice model and human tissues. The authors performed a nested case–control study …
Different Rates of Singlet Fission in Monoclinic versus Orthorhombic Crystal Forms of Diphenylhexatriene

The dynamics of singlet fission (SF) are studied in monoclinic and orthorhombic crystals of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. Picosecond time-resolved fluorescence measurements and the presence of a strong magnetic field effect indicate that up to 90% of the initially excited singlets undergo SF in both forms. The initial SF and subsequent triplet pair dissociation rates are found to be more rapid in the monoclinic crystal by factors of 1.5 and 3.5, respectively. These results provide clear evidence that molecular organization affects the rates of triplet pair formation and separation, both important parameters for determining the ultimate utility of a SF material.
Treatment of Narcolepsy with Sodium Oxybate While Breastfeeding: A Case Report.

Abstract Background: Sodium oxybate is used in the treatment of narcolepsy. Currently no published literature supports its safety during breastfeeding, although it has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile for minimizing exposure. Materials and Methods: We report a case of a 27-year-old primigravida with narcolepsy who was taking sodium oxybate for symptom control and contacted our Lactation Study Center for advice. Based on our current pharmacokinetic knowledge, she was advised to avoid breastfeeding 4 hours after a dose. Results: Follow-up phone interviews were done and the patient reported that the feeding schedule was manageable, and she was able to exclusively breastfeed for 6 months of her infant's life. Based on pediatric records, her infant's growth and development were excellent. There were no noted side effects of the medication for the infant. Conclusions: This is the first report to our knowledge of breastfeeding during maternal therapy with sodium oxybate, which appears to be compatible with sa...
Microstructural Control of a Oxide Superconductor by a Hybridization Process through Grinding

A synthetic process for the nano-composite of a Ba2YCu3O7-y superconductor and Ag was examined. Hybridization through grinding promoted the uniform dispersion of Ag ultrafine particles (10nm order of diameter) in the Ba2YCu3O7-y matrix. HIP sintering surpressed the undesirable grain growth of Ag on the order of 100-300nm in the sintered body. Enhancement for both the superconducting transport current property and magnetic flux pinning properties was promoted by the control of the post annealing condition of the HIP sintered body.
Investigation on An Outbreak of Hepatitis A in Yajiang County in 2007

Objective To identify the cause and transmission route of hepatitis A,to analyse the epidemic fac- tors and to evaluate the control effect.Method Case survey was made.The vaccination state of 30 hospital- ized children cases was in vestigated.Results 104 hepatitis A cases occurred in the outbreak,and 87.5% cases were children15 years old.No hepatitis A vaccination history found among 30 hospitalized children cases.Conclusion This outbreak of hepatitis A is transmitted by daily life contact,timely detection,repor- ting and isolation of patients,strengthening the disinfection of public places,hepatitis prevention knowledge propaganda,and enhancement of hepatitis A vaccination would be effective measure to contol an outbreak of hehatitis A.
Some liver transplant patients have reduced neutrophil activation: so what?

Background: It has been supposed that liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C virus infection have a higher incidence of infectious complications after transplantation. This study was designed to investigate whether neutrophil function is immediately affected by liver transplantation. Methods: Biochemical values, plasma levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), hydrogen peroxide production of neutrophils and neutrophil-platelet complexes were analyzed in 32 patients who underwent liver transplantation and 20 healthy volunteers. Results: MPO levels were significantly increased 24 h after reperfusion. In post-hepatitic patients levels were significantly lower three d up to one wk post-transplant than in patients due to other liver diseases. One wk post-operatively the respiratory burst activity following N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (fMLP) or (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) TNF-alpha/ fMLP stimulation was depressed in post-hepatitic recipients. Respiratory burst stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in these patients was increased one wk after transplantation. One d after transplantation the neutrophil-platelet complexes decreased significantly throughout the post-operative period. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest a reduced post-operative neutrophil activation in liver transplant recipients suffering from post-hepatitic cirrhosis compared to cirrhosis due to other causes. We hypothesized that neutrophil dysfunction in those patients depends on the underlying disease with an increased susceptibility to bacterial or fungal infections.
A Review of “Male Sexuality: Why Women Don't Understand It—And Men Don't Either”

This book intends to “debunk myths and unmask truths about male sexuality” (p. 3). Are all men truly obsessed with sex? Bader finds that notion not only to be untrue but also harmful to both men an...
Effect of precursors on propagation loss for plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of SiN_x:H waveguides

This work investigates the role of precursor gas chemistry, SiH4/NH3/N2, on hydrogen incorporation into PECVD H:SiNx for optical applications. The largest reduction in of N-H bond density is shown to respond from SiH4 flow, indicating that all precursor gases must be optimized for low loss waveguides. A linear correlation of N-H bond density with propagation losses in SiNx waveguides is observed, allowing for a propagation loss to be estimated by N-H bond density without waveguide fabrication. With proper optimization of process parameters, we are able to obtain propagation losses as low as −1.6 dB/cm at 1550 nm without a thermal anneal.
Fanconi Anemia Group D2 Protein Participates in Replication Origin Firing.

In the past decade, our laboratory has been greatly interested in studying the Fanconi Anemia (FA) signaling pathway [1-5]. This interest stems from the ability of the FA pathway to maintain genome stability and suppress tumorigenesis. Oncogenic proliferation occurs without sufficient nucleotides to support DNA replication, resulting in replication failure at common fragile sites and leads to the formation of double-strand DNA breaks [6]. The failure in correctly sensing or rescuing stalled replication intermediates is one of underlying causes of several chromosomal instability syndromes such as FA. It is an inherited disorder characterized by congenital abnormalities, bone marrow failure, and cancer proneness [7]. However, much remains unknown regarding how the FA pathway acts under normal conditions and about the manners by which FA proteins contribute a proper progression among individual phases of cell cycle. Moreover, any insight into the FA pathway is important because such insight could lead to understanding of how genomic instability occurs [8]. We expect that the knowledge from understanding this pathway will provide valuable information leading to building up effective tools for cancer prevention as well as therapy.
High-order ghost imaging using non-Rayleigh speckle sources

It has been recently demonstrated in experiments how to create non-Rayleigh speckle fields through the use of a phase-only spatial light modulator. These non-Rayleigh speckle fields possess high-order correlations which could play important roles in correlation-based optical imaging methods such as thermal ghost imaging, in which case the Gaussian moment theorem is no longer applicable. Through numerical simulations we investigated at how non-Rayleigh and Rayleigh speckle fields affect the resolution and visibility for high-order thermal ghost imaging. The results show regardless of the speckle field used better resolution is achieved with the use of a higher-order and that sub-Rayleigh speckle fields lead to the best resolution regardless of ghost order.
INVITED PAPER: SUPERFLUIDITY OF 3He AND HEAVY FERMIONS

In this talk I examine the similarities and differences between superfluidity in liquid 3He and superconductivity in heavy-fermion systems, and ask what lessons, if any, can be drawn from the former for the latter. Among other things I discuss the effects of translation invariance or the lack of it, possible symmetries and the role of “Fermi-liquid” effects in the two systems.
Inference assessment on a probability scale

The performance of a probability inference or forecast can be expressed as the average forecasted probability by computing the geometric mean of the forecasted probabilities. This metric is obtained by transforming the information theoretic measure, commonly known as the logarithmic score or the average surprisal, into the probability domain via application of the exponential function. The average probability forecast is composed of two sources of uncertainty, the underlying uncertainty of the data source and the divergence between the model and source. Expressed as probabilities, these three measures of the performance can be plotted as part of the probability calibration curve comparing the forecasted probabilities with the measured source probability. Insight into the under- or over-confidence of the model is obtained by computing the weighted generalized mean of the forecasted and source probabilities. A comparison of the 2016 US Presidential election forecasts is used to illustrate the utility of the method.
Biguanides, anion receptors and sensors

Biguanides are strong bases (pKa > 10), their protonated forms bind anions and may therefore act as receptors for anions. We report on easy-to-make anion receptors and fluorescence-based sensors utilizing the biguanide moieties that respond to the presence of anions with a change in fluorescence. The observed changes in fluorescence are anion-specific and even though the biguanide receptors are cross-reactive, these sensors may be used to identify various anions (halides, carboxylates, phosphates). Paper-based analytical arrays were used to assess the discriminatory ability of the sensors in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of multiple anions.
Shear Tests of Deep Beams with Flanges

It is well known that the shear strength of deep reinforced concrete beams in higher than that of slender beams. Even without shear reinforcement, directly loaded deep beams exhibit reserve strength in shear above the shear force causing the diagonal tension cracks whereas the formation of diagonal tension cracks almost immediately leads to shear failure in slender reinforced concrete beams with no shear reinforcement.
Success of Two-Stage Reimplantation in Patients Requiring an Interim Spacer Exchange.

Abstract Background Some patients undergoing a 2-stage revision for a periprosthetic joint infection require a repeat spacer in the interim (removal of existing spacer with insertion of a new spacer or spacer exchange) due to persistent infection. The objectives of this study are to (1) determine the factors associated with patients who receive a repeat spacer and (2) compare the infection-free survival (overall and stratified by joint type) of reimplantation in patients who did or did not receive a repeat spacer. Methods From 2001 to 2014, 347 hip or knee 2-stage revisions that finally underwent reimplantation and had a minimum 2-year follow-up were identified. An interim spacer exchange was performed in 59 (17%) patients (exchange cohort). Patient-related and organism-related factors were compared between the exchange and non-exchange cohorts. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were performed to assess the success (absence of signs of infection, reoperation for infection, periprosthetic joint infection–related mortality) of both cohorts. Results Patients in the exchange group had higher comorbidity score (P = .020), prolonged time to reimplantation (P Conclusions Patients requiring an interim spacer exchange were found to have more comorbidities, prolonged treatment period, and were more likely to be infected with a resistant organism. About one-third of such patients became reinfected within 5 years compared to only one-fifth of the patients without an interim spacer exchange.
Teleoperation and robotics under ice: Implications for planetary exploration

This paper describes the methods used to operate the underwater robotic vehicle Nereid Under Ice (NUI) beneath the Arctic ice pack during expeditions in 2014 and 2016 and discusses to what extent those methods might be transferable to future robotic missions to our Solar System's ocean worlds. NUI is capable of operating both autonomously and, with the addition of a hair-thin unarmormed fiber optic tether, as a remotely operated vehicle. We operated NUI in both modes during the expeditions. Overlying ice makes operating robotic vehicles on the sea floor challenging because sea ice moves and ice breakers typically cannot hold station with equipment over the side. Operators on board the ship and the vehicle will drift apart during a mission, often by kilometers. This complicates navigation, communication and recovery. NUI's unique tether enables standoff distances of several kilometers while under direct human control. Autonomous operation and recovery operations in case of tether loss rely on a combination of onboard autonomy and acoustic communication. We report the design and operation of NUI's unarmored microtether, the hybrid control methodology that enables operating the vehicle directly or semi-autonomously and handles forced transitions between modes in case of tether loss, and the use of acoustics for communication and navigation. We conclude by discussing what aspects of the technology already developed for under-ice robotic exploration of deep ocean environments and presented here, would be most readily transferable to future NASA missions.
Konzept eines dezentralisierten Entwicklungs-Controlling

Leider war dem Autor nicht moglich, bis zum Redaktionsschlus dieses Tagungsbandes das Manuskript einzureichen. Die Teilnehmer der Veranstaltung erhalten eine Kopie der beim Vortrag verwendeten Folien.
Disasters response using social life networks

Connecting people to required resources efficiently, effectively and promptly is one of the most important challenges for our society. Disasters make it the challenge for life and death. During disasters many normal sources of information to assess situations as well as distributing vital information to individuals break down. Unfortunately, during disastrous situations, most current practices are forced to follow bureaucratic processes and procedures that may delay help in critical life and death moments. Social media brings together different media as well as modes of distribution - focused, narrowcast, and broadcast -- and has revolutionized communication among people. Mobile phones, equipped with myriads of sensors are bringing the next generation of social networks not only to connect people with other people, but also to connect people with other people and essential life resources based on the disaster situation and personal context. We believe that such Social Life Networks (SLN) may play very important role for solving some essential human problems, including providing vital help to people during disasters. We will present early design of such systems and use a few examples of such systems explored in our group during disasters. Focused Micro Blogs (FMBs) will be discussed as an alternative to less noisy and more direct versions of current microblogs, such as Tweets and Status Updates. An important part of our discussion will be to list challenges and opportunities in this area.
African Lion cities : deflating the MDG success of East Asian Tigers to a worldwide success story of dense urban areas with greater capacity

In analysing the latest cross-country and household survey data, the paper finds that the MDG performance of African coastal capitals and island states is more like that of East Asian Tigers (which also have relatively small land size) compared to the national averages in mainland African countries. This is largely explained by the ease of the public sector to deliver basic social services in highly concentrated, urban areas. Policy responses - depending on the idiosyncratic conditions in each country - range from improving urban planning to ensure the absorptive capacity of cities is not overstretched, while increasing agricultural productivity, to building up the systemic public sector capability to better manage policies, systems, processes and results in order to improve service delivery not only in urban areas but also on a national scale. En analysant les plus recentes donnees d'enquetes de recensement effectuees a travers le pays, et en explorant un nouveau point de vue comparatif, cet article demontre que les accomplissements des Objectifs du Millenaire pour le Developpement (OMD) dans les capitales africaines littorales et dans les pays insulaires ressemblent plus a celle des «quatre dragons asiatiques» (qui ont aussi relativement une faible superficie) par rapport aux moyennes nationales des pays africains de l'interieur du continent. Cela s'explique en grande partie par la facilite du secteur public a offrir les services sociaux elementaires dans les zones urbaines a forte concentration. Le plan d'action primordial est d'accroitre la capacite du secteur public des pays africains en vue d'atteindre les niveaux d'accomplissements des OMD deja atteint par les «villes lionnes africaines».
The Molecular Mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori-Associated Gastroduodenal Disease

In 1984, Barry Marshall and Robin Warren proposed a role for Helicobacter pylori in gastroduodenal disease leading to an avalanche of research intended to prove or disprove their theory. The result has been a series of advances that have updated our understanding of these diseases and completely modernized the clinical approach to their management. In recognition of this impact, Marshall and Warren received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2005. This chapter summarizes some important findings that have advanced our knowledge in this field with emphasis on the host response and the immunopathogenesis of gastroduodenal disease.
Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs and Prescription Opioid-Related Outcomes in the United States.

Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) are a crucial component of federal and state governments' response to the opioid epidemic. Evidence about the effectiveness of PDMPs in reducing prescription opioid-related adverse outcomes is mixed. We conducted a systematic review to examine whether PDMP implementation within the U.S. is associated with changes in four prescription opioid-related outcome domains: opioid prescribing behaviors, opioid diversion and supply, opioid-related morbidity and substance use disorders, and opioid-related mortality. We searched for eligible publications in Embase, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. A total of 29 studies, published between 2009 and 2019, met the inclusion criteria. Of the 16 studies examining PDMPs and prescribing behaviors, 11 found that implementing PDMPs reduced prescribing behaviors. All three studies on opioid diversion and supply reported reductions in the examined outcomes. In the opioid-related morbidity and substance use disorders domain, seven out of eight studies found associations with prescription opioid-related outcomes. Four out of eight studies on the opioid-related mortality domain reported reduced mortality rates. Despite the mixed findings, there is emerging evidence that implementation of state PDMPs reduces opioid prescriptions, opioid diversion and supply, and opioid-related morbidity and substance use disorder outcomes. When PDMP characteristics were examined, mandatory access provisions were associated with reductions in prescribing behaviors, diversion outcomes, hospital admissions, substance use disorders, and mortality rates. Inconsistencies in the evidence base across outcome domains are due to analytical approaches across studies and, to some extent, heterogeneities in PDMP policies implemented across states and over time.
Ultrasonographic (US) Two-Dimensional Measurement of Spleen Is Superior to Traditional Length Measurement Alone in Diagnosing Cirrhosis

Splenomegaly measured by spleen length has been an imaging evidence for cirrhosis. However, data remains lacking on the value of other US findings for diagnosing cirrhosis. This study evaluated the value of spleen two-dimensional measurements (2D, i.e., length × thickness) in diagnosing cirrhosis by comparing with other US parameters. A retrospective study on 297 cohort 1 patients with clinical/imaging diagnosis of cirrhosis was conducted. Spleen length and thickness were measured via US imaging and compared with other US parameters using statistical analysis to assess their value in diagnosing cirrhosis. A separate 161 cohort 2 patients with histological fibrosis staging was used to validate the findings from the cohort 1. Using 297 cohort 1 patients, US findings of spleen length > 12 cm (50.6% vs. 9.6%, p 4 cm (78.2% vs. 21%, p 46 cm2 (81.6% vs. 15.3%, p 46 cm2 (95% CI 7.9–92.8, p 46 cm2 carried the best sensitivity and specificity (93.5% and 95.3%) and was the only US parameter independently associated with histological stage 3–4 fibrosis, i.e., cirrhosis (95% CI 3.1–87, p = 0.006). Using both testing and validation cohorts, we demonstrated that spleen 2D > 46 cm2 carries 93.5% sensitivity and 95.3% specificity and is superior to other US parameters in diagnosing cirrhosis.
Public Perceptions of Corporate Criminal Sanctions: An Empirical Study of the Reputational Impact of Corporate Criminal Misconduct

Corporations prefer to avoid guilty pleas in favor of more lenient resolutions, partly due to the greater reputational damage supposedly associated with a guilty plea. When possible, some corporations also prefer sanctions against their employees over sanctions against corporate entities themselves, similarly due to reputational reasons. However, it is unclear whether the form of the final resolution and the entity under investigation actually affect public perceptions of a corporation accused of criminal misconduct. Using a series of public opinion survey experiments, this study finds that in the United States, (1) a guilty plea and a non-prosecution agreement similarly affect public perceptions of corporations, but (2) corporate misconduct has a larger negative effect on public perceptions of a corporation than individual misconduct by corporate executives. However, in South Korea, such factors regarding U.S. criminal sanctions make little difference in consumer perceptions of a corporation. These findings suggest that a corporation under investigation by U.S. authorities should attempt to resolve the investigation by shifting criminal liability to its employees to reduce the domestic reputational cost, but it should not be as concerned about the reputational impact of U.S. criminal sanctions on East Asian consumers.
Medical Multimorbidity, Mental Illness, and Substance Use Disorder among Middle-Aged and Older Justice-Involved Adults in the USA, 2015–2018

Adults age ≥ 50 are among the fastest growing populations in correctional supervision and are medically underserved while experiencing unique health disparities. Community-living older adults, referred to as “justice-involved,” are people who have been recently arrested, or are on probation or parole. Although medical complexity is common among incarcerated older adults, the occurrence of medical morbidity, substance use disorder (SUD), and mental illness among justice-involved older adults living in US communities is poorly understood. To estimate the prevalence of medical multimorbidity (≥ 2 chronic medical diseases), SUDs, and mental illness among justice-involved adults age ≥ 50, and the co-occurrence of these conditions. Cross-sectional analysis. A total of 34,898 adults age ≥ 50 from the 2015 to 2018 administrations of the US National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Demographic characteristics of justice-involved adults age ≥ 50 were compared with those not justice-involved. We estimated prevalence of mental illness, chronic medical diseases, and SUD among adults age ≥ 50 reporting past-year criminal justice system involvement. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of these conditions and co-occurrence of conditions, comparing justice-involved to non-justice-involved adults. An estimated 1.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1–1.3) of adults age > 50 experienced criminal justice involvement in the past year. Compared with non-justice-involved adults, justice-involved adults were at increased odds for mental illness (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.04, 95% CI = 2.09–4.41) and SUD (aOR = 8.10, 95% CI = 6.12–10.73), but not medical multimorbidity (aOR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.85–1.56). Justice-involved adults were also at increased odds for all combinations of the three outcomes, including having all three simultaneously (aOR = 8.56, 95% CI = 4.10–17.86). Community-based middle-aged and older adults involved in the criminal justice system are at high risk for experiencing co-occurring medical multimorbidity, mental illness, and SUD. Interventions that address all three social and medical risk factors are needed for this population.
Identification of a TeO32- reductase/mycothione reductase from Rhodococcus erythropolis PR4.

A Rhodococcus erythropolis bacterium that tolerates normally lethal concentrations of Fe(II), Cu(II), AsO32-, SeO32-, TeO32-, Cd(II) and Zn(II) was identified from an environmental isolate. In characterizing the molecular basis for metal tolerance, a mycothione reductase (Mtr) with remarkable selectivity for TeO32- reduction over SeO32- was identified. In equimolar concentrations of TeO32- and SeO32-, the enzymatic product contains a 7-fold excess of Te. This selectivity is remarkable because the standard reduction potential of SeO32- is 0.20 V more favorable for reduction than TeO32. Selectivity of the enzyme for TeO32- decreases with increasing assay pH. Homology modeling of the enzyme identifies four aromatic residues near the active site, including two histidine residues, that are not present in a related SeO32- preferring reductase. On the basis of more favorable π-interactions for Te than for Se and the pH dependence of the selectivity, the Te-selectivity is attributed in part to these aromatic residues. The resulting Te0 enzymatic product resembles Te nanowires.
Origin of High Friction at Graphene Step Edges on Graphite

On graphite, friction is known to be more than an order of magnitude larger at step edge defects as compared to on the basal plane, especially when the counter surface slides from the lower terrace of the step to the upper terrace. Very different mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, including atomic interactions between the counter surface and step edge (without physical deformation) and buckling or peeling deformation of the upper graphene terrace. Here, we use atomic force microscopy (AFM) and reactive molecular dynamic (MD) simulations to capture and differentiate the mechanisms proposed to cause high friction at step edges. AFM experiments reveal the difference between cases of no deformation and buckling deformation, and the latter case is attributed to the physical stress exerted by the sliding tip. Reactive MD simulations explore the process of peeling deformation due to tribochemical bond formation between the tip and the step edge. Combining the results of AFM experiments and MD simulations, it is found that each mechanism has identifiable and characteristic features in the lateral force and vertical height profiles recorded during the step-up process. The results demonstrate that buckling and peeling deformation of the graphene edge rarely occur under typical AFM experimental conditions and thus are unlikely to be the origin of high friction at step edges in most measurements. Instead, the high step-up friction is due to stick-slip behavior facilitated by the topographical change and atomic interactions between the tip and step edge without deformation of the graphene itself.
Patterns of recurrence in women with advanced and recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

Abstract Objective(s) To identify recurrence patterns and outcomes in women with advanced or recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Methods This is an IRB-approved single-institution cohort study of women who underwent CRS+HIPEC for advanced or recurrent EOC followed in a prospective registry from 1/12/2014–3/1/2020. Recurrence locations were defined as pelvic, upper abdominal (UA) and/or extra-peritoneal (EP). Univariate analysis assessed associations between recurrence location, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results In total, 92 women with EOC underwent interval (56.5%; n=52) or recurrent CRS+HIPEC (43.5%; n=40). For interval CRS+HIPEC, recurrence locations were pelvic in 50.0% (n=15), UA in 23.3% (n=7) and EP in 56.7% (n=17); 40.0% (n=12) were EP alone. Similarly, for recurrent CRS+HIPEC, recurrence locations were pelvic (22.5%, n=9), UA (5.0%, n=2) and EP (60.0%, n=24); 66.7% (n=20) were EP alone. For both interval and recurrent CRS+HIPEC, median PFS was 10.5 vs. 13.0 months for pelvic and UA vs. EP only recurrences (p=0.02). Similarly, median OS was 29.2 months for pelvic and UA and not reached for EP only (p=0.05). For interval CRS+HIPEC, there was no difference in median PFS (10.6 vs. 11.7 months, p=0.68) and OS (27.1 vs. 24.8 months, p=0.96) for pelvic and UA vs EP alone. However, for recurrent CRS+HIPEC, pelvic and UA sites of recurrence were associated with reduced PFS (10.0 vs. 18.1 months, p=0.03) and OS (33.6 months vs. not reached, p=0.02) vs. EP only. Conclusions In women with advanced or recurrent EOC undergoing CRS+HIPEC, one-half of patients experience their first recurrence outside of the peritoneal cavity. Providers must be aware of the risk of EP failure in patients treated with CRS+HIPEC.
On the consistency of cognitive load

Abstract There are many ways to induce cognitive load. In this paper, we manipulate cognitive capacity using four common techniques: a number memorization task, a visual pattern task, an auditory recall task, and time pressure. Under each load manipulation (as well as under ‘no load’), every participant completes a series of math problems, lottery tasks, logic puzzles, and allocation decisions. We find similar behavioral responses across all techniques: poorer performance on the math problems and logic puzzles, more risk aversion in the lottery tasks, and no systematic impact on allocation decisions. Using within-subject variation, we show that individuals whose math performance is most impacted for a given load manipulation (number memorization), are the same individuals whose performance is most impacted by other load manipulation, and in the other tasks. We also find that participants who scored above the median in a cognitive reflection test (CRT), and are thus able to resist the first response that comes to mind, are greatly impacted when placed under cognitive load; those scoring below the median in the CRT are not impacted much.
Influencer Tweet NLP for Equity Trading Signals

Artificial intelligence posits a unique opportunity to analyze large amounts of text data for the development of equity trading models. This paper analyzes the forecasting power and trading signal generated by tweets containing the hashtag TSLA (#TSLA) from influencers with a high follower count (>10,000 followers) against those with a low follower count (≤10,000). Using a combination of Word2Vec and a scoring system laid out herein compared to a generic VADER model, it is generally observed that influencers generate better trading signals.
Dual-energy CT-generated bone marrow oedema maps improve timely visualisation and recognition of acute lower extremity fractures.

AIM To assesses whether utilising bone marrow oedema (BMO) maps improved fracture read times and reader confidence in a large series of acute lower extremity trauma dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and six DECT studies, including 60 fracture cases and 46 non-fracture cases, were evaluated retrospectively in this cross-sectional study. Three-dimensional (3D) BMO maps were generated for each study and coded to display skeletal anatomy in blue and marrow oedema in green. Studies were interpreted by two readers in two timed stages (without and with BMO maps). Readers identified the number, anatomical location, and comminution of fractures. Reader confidence (five-point Likert scale) for fracture identification and anatomical regions where oedema was present was also recorded. RESULTS Decreased read times (p 95%, 5/5 for both readers with and without the aid of BMO maps). CONCLUSIONS DECT BMO maps improve the speed of radiological identification of suspected acute lower extremity fractures with preserved reader confidence. It may help emergent detection of fractures, important for patient management and outcomes.
Abstract LB093: Incident heart failure among young adult cancer survivors

Background: Risk of heart failure (HF) is known to be higher among childhood cancer survivors as well as older adult cancer survivors who may already have cardiovascular disease risk factors. However, the risk of HF among young adult cancer survivors is not known. Aim: To examine incident HF in adult cancer survivors between 18-39 years of age. Methods: We identified patients who were aged 18-39 years when diagnosed with cancer based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 9 and 10 at an integrated multisite single health system (Northwestern Medicine) between January 2000 and January 2019. We stratified by cancer types predominantly linked with anthracycline exposure (leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoma, breast, kidney, and bone cancers) compared with those less likely to have anthracycline exposure. We estimated the cumulative incidence of HF using the Kaplan-Meier method then calculated unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident HF using Cox proportional hazard models. HRs were adjusted for demographic factors and cardiovascular risk factors. Results: Of 12,879 eligible patients, 35% were men and 68% White. The mean age was 31.5±5.7 years. Cardiovascular comorbidities were present in Citation Format: Yoshihiro Tanaka, Phlip Greenland, Sadiya Khan, Elizabeth A. Hibler. Incident heart failure among young adult cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB093.
On the Future of Combinatorics

TO COMMUNICATE ANYTHING REASONABLE ABOUT COMBINATORICS requires raising and answering quite a number of related questions.
Collateral Damage: Drug Enforcement & Its Impact on the Deportation of Legal Permanent Residents

The United States’ legislation and jurisprudence regulating the deportation of legal permanent residents is harsh by many standards. The harshness of the legal regime is particularly acute as it relates to minor drug crimes. Under current U.S. law, possession of a single pill of Xanax leads to mandatory detention and can even lead to deportation. This Note explores the impact that the United States’ drug policy has had on deportation law, the current legislative regime surrounding drug-based deportations, the changing landscape of drug enforcement, and the lack of meaningful protection that current legislation and jurisprudence affords permanent residents facing deportation due to minor drug crimes. Finally, this Note argues that the harshest aspects of the United States’ drug-based deportation laws can be mitigated, either via the legislature or the judiciary, so that only truly dangerous criminal non-citizens face the prospect of mandatory detention and deportation.
Robust knot detection and spline approximation using wavelet transform extrema and multi-target tracking

Mallat and Hwang (1992) and Mallat and Zhong (1992) describe a novel algorithm both for signal compression and noise removal based on the extraction of the extrema of continuous wavelet transforms (CWTs) at a dyadic sequence of scales, the chaining of the extrema across scale that come from the same feature in the original signal, and the separation of noise from signal through the estimation of the Lipschitz exponents of the singularities corresponding to each such chain of extrema. The results in Mallat and Hwang, and Mallat Zhong and in other efforts based on this technique show the apparent promise of the approach and lead to the conjecture that it is robust, but a number of interesting and important questions and potential applications remain. Mallat and Hwang, and Mallat and Zhong use a simple extrema matching algorithm based on the comparison of the values and the positions of extrema at a pair of consecutive scales. This algorithm cannot work equally well for all input signals, because the trajectories of CWT extrema depend on the type of the corresponding singularity, as well as on the wavelet. The present authors restrict the approximation class of signals to splines. In this case, a more sophisticated and reliable extrema matching algorithm is possible. They arrive at such an algorithm by treating the extrema matching problem as a multi-target tracking problem. The final result is a spline approximation algorithm whose robustness is shown using Cauchy-contaminated Gaussian noise. >
Ecosystems and Economics

That populations of single species in simple environments may exhibit oscillatory patterns over time has been well understood since first being documented experimentally for sheep-blowflies by Nicholson (1933) and by Elton (1942) for small mammals in boreal environments. In the latter case the most famous example is the four year cycle of lemmings. Keith (1963) has documented the existence of ten year cycles for other boreal, fur-bearing mammals such as musk- rats. Of course the single species model strictly holds only in a laboratory context.
Combined Ageing and Thermal Cycling of Compressive MICA Seals for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Hybrid Phlogopite mica seals were evaluated in a combined ageing and thermal cycling test. Two interlayers were investigated: a glass and a metallic foil. Samples were first aged at 800 degrees C for {approx}500 or {approx}1000 hrs in a simulated SOFC environment, followed by short-term thermal cycling. The results of hybrid mica with glass interlayer showed extensive reaction and poor thermal cycle stability after ageing for 1036 hrs and 21 thermal cycles. Use of the brazing alloy as the interlayer showed no interaction with mica over 504 hrs, and reasonable leak rates were maintained through eight cycles. The leakage development was found to be consistent with fracture surface and microstructure analyses.
Exploring the mechanism of protein birth (226.1)

Despite much progress over the last six decades, we are still far from understanding the mechanism of protein folding in vitro and, most importantly, in the cell. This lack of information poses tremendous challenges to progress in many areas of fundamental biology, biotechnology, protein design, drug production and neurodegenerative-disease research. Most soluble cellular proteins fold co- and immediately post-translationally and the ribosome serves as an obligatory host for this process. A compelling unanswered question is whether the ribosome plays any active role in protein folding in the cellular environment. This lecture will discuss how the ribosomal surface and its peculiar electrostatic properties, together with the vectorial nature of protein synthesis, modulate the balance between protein folding and aggregation during the crucial stages of protein birth.
A planar and membraneless microscale fuel cell using nickel and silver as catalysts

The paper presents the development and demonstration of new microscale fuel cells with planar and membraneless structure. The developed fuel cell utilizes electroplated nickel and silver as catalysts of anode and cathode, respectively. With a proper fuel mixture of methanol, hydrogen peroxide, and potassium hydroxide, microscale fuel cell exhibits an extractable power density up to 10.1 /spl mu/W/cm/sup 2/. The developed fuel cell does not require noble catalytic materials such as platinum or ruthenium. Due to its simple structure, the anode and cathode can be defined on the same plane without a proton exchange membrane, which enables that the fuel cell dimensions can flexibly be adjusted to meet specific design needs for the applications of microfluidic systems and portable power sources.
Opinion Backlash and Public Attitudes: Are Political Advances in Gay Rights Counterproductive?

One long-recognized consequence of the tension between popular sovereignty and democratic values like liberty and equality is public opinion backlash, which occurs when individuals recoil in response to some salient event. For decades, scholars have suggested that opinion backlash impedes policy gains by marginalized groups. Public opinion research, however, suggests that widespread attitude change that backlash proponents theorize is likely to be rare. Examining backlash against gays and lesbians using a series of online and natural experiments about marriage equality, and large-sample survey data, we find no evidence of opinion backlash among the general public, by members of groups predisposed to dislike gays and lesbians, or from those with psychological traits that may predispose them to lash back. The important implication is that groups pursuing rights should not be dissuaded by threats of backlash that will set their movement back in the court of public opinion.
Design and performance of the pre-fire detection system for the FRX-L main capacitor

The main capacitor bank of the FRX-L (field-reversed configuration experiment) supplies current (1.6 Meg amp) to a single-turn coil that is used to create high-density plasmas for magnetized-target fusion (MTF) experiments. The energy stored in the main bank (200 kJ) is transferred to the load coil via an array of four Maxwell rail-gap switches in parallel. Each switch is capable of transferring approximately a quarter of the main bank charge flow without damage. Therefore, if a single switch pre-fires it is subject to much greater stress than it is able to tolerate. In this paper, we discuss the design and performance of a system that is able to discriminate between a switch pre-fire, trigger noise, and normal operation and initiate a trigger in time to safely prevent damage. This system consists of innovative electric field detectors, fiber-optic isolation of signals and high-speed solid-state circuitry that interfaces with the Maxwell trigger system without modification.
Isolation and Analysis of Adenovirus 12 Sub-units from Adenovirus Type 12-infected Cells

THE isolation of adenovirus 12 group-specific (“A”) and type-specific (“C”) antigens has been described by Huebner et al.1 The method used for isolation of the sub-units was step by step elution from columns of diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE). Because the amount of material available at a given time varied, reabsorption was less important in this procedure than with gradient elution procedures. Eluent changes were regulated by a series of tests using cell protein alone in order to eliminate the possibility of widening or tailing of bands. Virus-antigen mixtures were equilibrated with 0.01 M phosphate buffer at 6.8 pH. before application to the column of DEAE, which was prepared in 0.01 M phosphate buffer at pH of 7.2. All operations were carried out in a cold room. Sodium chloride solutions were prepared in 0.01 M phosphate buffer at 6.8 pH. so that there was a constant pH but an increase in salt concentration during elution. An investigation of the effectiveness of changes in salt concentration versus changes in pH with cell protein showed that a constant pH was desirable and that changes in salt fronts were predictable. It was necessary to re-cycle eluates once or twice over fresh columns in order to obtain purified material in single peaks. A critical aspect of the procedure was the resin exchange capacity of 0.56 m. equiv./g.
A millennium review of skull base surgery.

Skull base surgery is a recent development in our history, in as much as most of the surgical techniques involved have been described within the last century. To provide an historical prospective the author reviews the development of this specialty, arbitrarily dating its beginning some five centuries ago with the work of Leonardo da Vinci. By picking this period we include the origin of scientific anatomy and personages interested in developing new ideas and concepts who were able to leave the stagnant period of the Middle Ages behind. In 1900 surgeons worked alone, with the concept of a skull base ”team” not yet existing. Endotracheal intubation and controlled respiration was just being introduced. Intraoperative monitoring of blood pressure, pulse rate and respiration was not yet known. Harvey Cushing was to introduce this concept in the first decade of the last century. This survey traces the origins of modern skull base surgery from its antecedents in the Renaissance to the beginning of this century. A paper of this length can only provide a sampling of themes and personalities; nevertheless, it will give the reader an impressive overview of how far we have come and some ideas of what the future holds.
The specific heat of Gd doped EuS

Abstract The magnetic specific heat of Gd doped EuS is broadened and shifted to higher temperature. Up to 50°K the energy increases and the entropy decreases. The results are compared with Kasuya's cluster model.
Efficiently decoded full-rate space-time block codes

Space-time block codes with orthogonal structures typically provide full-diversity reception and simple receiver processing. However, rate-1 orthogonal codes for complex constellations have not been found for more than two transmit antennas. By using a genetic algorithm, rate-1 space-time block codes that accommodate very simple receiver processing at the cost of reduced diversity are designed in this paper for more than two transmit antennas. Simulation results show that evolved codes combined with efficient outer codes provide better performance over fading channels than minimum-decoding-complexity quasiorthogonal codes at typical operating signal-to-noise ratios. When the fading is more severe than Rayleigh fading, the spectral efficiency is specified, and an efficient outer code is used, evolved codes outperform orthogonal space-time block codes.