cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quasiperiodic motions in the planar three-body problem

In the direct product of the phase and parameter spaces, we de ne the perturbing region, where the Hamiltonian of the planar three-body problem is Ck-close to the dynamically degenerate Hamiltonian of two uncoupled two-body problems. In this region, the secular systems are the normal forms that one gets by trying to eliminate the mean anomalies from the perturbing function. They are Poschel-integrable on a transversally Cantor set. This construction is the starting point for proving the existence of and describing several new families of periodic or quasiperiodic orbits: short periodic orbits associated to some secular singularities, which generalize Poincare's periodic orbits of the second kind (\Les Methodes nouvelles de la mecanique celeste", Fi rst Vol., Gauthiers-Villars, Paris, 1892{1899); quasiperiodic motions with three (resp. two) frequencies in a rotating frame of reference, which generalize Arnold's solutions (Russian Math. Survey 18 (1963), 85{191) (resp. Lieberman's solu- tions; Celestial Mech. 3 (1971), 408{426); and three-frequency quasiperiodic motions along which the two inner bodies get arbitrarily close to one another an in nite number of times, generalizing the Chenciner-Llibre's invariant "punc- tured tori" (Ergodic Theory Dynamical Systems 8 (1988), 63{72). The proof relies on a sophisticated version of kam theorem, which itself is proved using a normal form theorem of M. Herman ("Demonstration d'un Theoreme de V.I. Arnold," Seminaire de Systemes Dynamiques and Manuscipts, 1998).
Reliability & Availability of Duplex Systems: Some Simple Models

The reliability and availability of a system can be enhanced by redundancy and repair. The reliability and availability are shown for some simple models of duplex systems, by using Markov methods. All transition rates between states are constant.
The effect of dietary supplementation of fish oil on experimental myocardial infarction

The effect of altering the abundance of precursors and inhibitors of prostaglandin formation b,y dietary supplements of fish oil was investigated in dogs with experimentally induced myocardial infarction. Prior to induction, 10 male monqrel doqs were fed standard dog chow supplemented with 25% of the total calories as menhaden oil for 36 to 45 days. The fatty acid composition of the lipids in plasma and platelets chanqed to reflect the increased intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 type. Thrombosis and subsequent infarction was induced by electrical stimulation of the left circumflex coronary artery of amhulatory doqs that were monitored b.y telemetry. Upon stimulation of control animals, the frequency of ectopic beats rose from less than 10% at the beginning to about 80% after 19 hours. In contrast, the oil-fed dogs maintained a more normal ECG pattern, showing less than 30% ectopic beats after 19 hours. In these animals, the size of infarction (measured by formazan formation) was 3% of the left ventricle compared to 25% in the control animals. The results suggest that dietary supplementation with fish oil may be beneficial in reducing myocardial damage associated with coronary artery thrombosis.
Solid state bonding of CuCrZr to 316L stainless steel for ITER applications

Abstract Dissimilar metal bonds between CuCrZr and 316L stainless steel were prepared using two different solid state joining techniques. In the first instance, hot isostatic pressing, a high temperature diffusion bonding process was used to join the copper alloy to the stainless steel substrate at temperatures near 1000 °C. In the second instance, explosion bonding at ambient temperature was employed. These two techniques both yielded mechanically robust joints, where the strength of the interface exceeded that of the copper alloy, the weaker of the two substrates. However, the two bonding techniques produced near-joint microstructures that were very different. The microstructure and mechanical performance of CuCrZr/316L stainless steel joints prepared via both techniques are compared. Microstructural analysis of the joints included scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis and Auger spectroscopy techniques. The bulk mechanical properties of the substrate alloys were very different as well and are described. Particular emphasis is placed on the residual mechanical properties of the CuCrZr after thermal processing that simulate beryllium tile bonding since once the Be tiles are in place, the copper alloy cannot be solutionized and age-hardened to return it to full strength.
Osteogenesis imperfecta: Bench to bedside

The Bench There has been a significant expansion in our understanding of the molecular biology of OI. The number of genes responsible for the disorder has increased from 2 (COL1A1 and COL1A2) in 2007, to 9 in 2012 (CRTAP, LEPRE1, PPIB, Hsp47/SERPINH1, SERPINF1, FKBP10 and most recently, adding IFITM5). Also, there has been additional categorization of clinical OI types since Sillence first recognized 4 OI types in 1978. An issue is the nosology of OI: should that be based on each mutation or should a broad clinical classification be retained? Although multiple mutations have been defined, we have not progressed in our understanding of how each mutation translates to disordered bone and connective-tissue cell function. Although mutations alter osteoblast type I collagen synthesis, the effects on osteoblast cell biology, for example on cell growth, are undefined. The question of genotype/phenotype relationships is exemplified by the wide clinical variability seen in the phenotypic of OI type V where there is apparent consistency in expression of the mutation IFITM5, (genotype) among affected kindreds, more so than occurs in other OI types where multiple mutations are expressed in a particular OI phenotype. The Bedside Two clinical issues which are interrelated are: (a) Understanding the pain syndrome in OI, and (b) the status of fracture prevention treatment for children and adults: this includes considerable variability among centers in drug selection (pamidronate vs. zoledronic acid), drug doses which vary from 4 to 9 mg/kg/year in children, and treatment schedules which vary from 4 to 6 months, particularly in children who have already had several years of treatment.
Adolescent school failure predicts later depression among girls.

Abstract Purpose Past research has found that social, academic, and behavioral problems are linked with depression during childhood and adolescence. The present study tests a longitudinal cascade model of adolescent problems predicting depression into adulthood, while additionally testing for gender differences. Methods Using prospective longitudinal analysis with a sample of 808 youth followed from age 10 to 21, we tested whether social problems, school failure, and delinquency in adolescence increased risk for a major depressive episode in emerging adulthood. Structural equation modeling was used to test for gender differences. Results Both early conduct problems and adolescent school failures predisposed girls to depression in young adulthood. Among the boys, none of the problems conferred risk for depression. Conclusions This study highlights the mutual interplay between school failure and psychological functioning. It is suggested that school adaptation in adolescence be considered a mental health issue.
Perioperative steroids for peritumoral intracranial edema: A review of mechanisms, efficacy, and side effects

There has been a renewed interest in the recent literature regarding the proposed benefits of systemic steroids in the perioperative period. Among these benefits are the relief of postoperative pain, the decrease in postoperative nausea, and a higher overall multiparameter quality of recovery. Perioperative steroids, however, are not without their potential drawbacks, including decreased immune function, hyperglycemia, and impaired wound healing. The use of perioperative steroids for brain tumor treatment and resection has been a component of therapy for approximately 50 years, owing primarily to their well-described, although poorly understood, effect in minimizing vasogenic peritumoral edema, and therefore intracranial pressure. This review seeks to highlight the history, mechanisms, therapeutic efficacy, and side effects of steroid use for brain tumors in the perioperative period.
Combined Surgical and Endovascular Approach to a Complex Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Involving the Superior Sagittal Sinus and Torcula

A complex dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) may require complex treatment strategies to achieve successful obliteration. We describe a combined open surgical and endovascular approach to a dAVF involving the superior sagittal sinus (SS) and torcula. A 68-year-old male with Factor V Leiden mutation presented with altered mental status from venous hypertension secondary to a complex, high-flow Borden III dAVF with internal carotid and bilateral external carotid artery feeders draining into the SS and torcula. Because the venous channel to the recipient SS at the point of convergence of the AV shunting was not accessible transfemorally due to venous stenosis, a surgical strategy using a midline burrhole for direct catheterization of the SS was devised. A balloon was inflated in the sinus during arterial embolization. This technique was effective in achieving embolization of multiple arterial feeders via a single vessel injection. Covered Atrium iCasts were introduced in a telescoping fashion after angioplasty of the posterior SS-torcular junction in an attempt to functionally occlude further AV shunting. Postembolization angiography revealed greatly diminished AV shunting with improved intracranial transit time and retrograde cortical venous drainage. The patient was maintained on anticoagulation and made a complete recovery following the intervention; however, he subsequently deteriorated acutely, and died on postprocedure day 4. This case illustrates the difficulties associated with treating a complex AVF, describes a temporizing solution, and reports a potential complication from placing a covered stent in the SS.
Homologous regulation of voltage-dependent calcium channels by 1,4-dihydropyridines.

Abstract Chronic treatment of PC 12 cells with the 1,4-dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel antagonist nifedipine [ 5 × 10-8M/5 days ] and the activator S Bay K 8644 [ 5 × 10-7M/5 days ] resulted in up- and down-regulation of 1,4-dihydropyridine binding site density by 29 and 24%, respectively, without change in affinity. These changes in binding site density represent functional changes as indicated by the corresponding changes in K+ depolarization-induced 45Ca2+ uptake and in whole cell currents carried by Ba2+ ions. This homologous regulation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels [ VDCC ] by potent and specific ligands parallels that observed for other classes of membrane receptors.
The Case for Cognitive Interviewing Techniques in the Post-Arab Spring Environment

Many social scientists rely on survey data, such as the World Values Survey and the Arab Barometer, to measure individual political attitudes cross-nationally. Yet, research suggests that individuals’ political attitudes fluctuate and evolve, casting doubt on the validity of survey data when used alone. This is especially problematic during times of rapid change, when the political situation undergoes dramatic shifts and individual attitudes are easily influenced by current events. This essay proposes that using cognitive interviewing techniques, which involve asking respondents to answer a set of survey items along with follow-up probes about their answers, can help researchers better understand the content of political attitudes and the contexts that help shape them. To make this point, I first review the literature on the theoretical problems with measuring political attitudes during times of rapid political change. I then introduce cognitive interviewing as a mixed-method data collection technique, describe the challenges and difficulties associated with it, and offer a number of practical recommendations for researchers interested in using it in the post-Arab Spring environment. Finally, I demonstrate the effectiveness of cognitive interviewing techniques through examples drawn from my fieldwork in Tunisia between August 2013 and March 2014.
Why is Industry Related to CEO Compensation?: A Managerial Discretion Explanation

Although research on CEO compensation is voluminous, only limited attention has been paid to the role of industry. In this paper we develop an industry-level explanatory theory based on the concept of managerial discretion, and test it using a multi-level structural equation modeling approach at the industry level. In contrast to previous work, this theory offers an explanation of why, and how, industry is related to CEO compensation. In a sample of 933 firms in 109 3-digit SIC industries, we find that the level of industry discretion is significantly related to both the level of CEO compensation, and the proportion of performance-contingent CEO compensation. The implications of these findings for industry-level research in general, and research on CEO compensation in particular, are discussed.
A forward move algorithm for LL and LR parsers

A wide variety of algorithms have been suggested for the repair of syntactic errors in a computer program. Since there is usually more than one possible repair for any syntax error, many algorithms employ a cost function to guide the the repair, and some [1,3,4,6], guarantee that the repair chosen will be least-cost, according to some definition. (The others, although guided by costs, do not guarantee least-cost in all cases.) Fischer et al. [4,6,7] define a “locally least-cost” repair using insertions and deletions, and provide algorithms for LL and LR parsers. A locally least-cost repair is a least-cost sequence of deletions and insertions such that one more symbol in the original string will be accepted by the parser. Backhouse [2,3] uses a similar definition. In both cases, the repair algorithms operate by examining a single symbol in the input at any time.
Reducing Estrogen Synthesis in Developing Boars Increases Testis Size and Total Sperm Production

The abundant production of testicular estrogens and the presence of both ESR1 and ESR2 within boar testes are consistent with a role for estrogen in testicular development and/or function in this species. This study was aimed at determining the role of endogenous estrogen in the regulation of testicular development and function, including the effects on testis weight, histology, sperm production (detergent-resistant spermatid numbers), Sertoli cell numbers, and Leydig cell volume in the boar. Twenty-eight littermate pairs of boars were assigned to groups as follows: 1 boar from each pair was assigned to the control group (vehicle) and the other was assigned to treatment and received 0.1 mg/kg body weight of an aromatase enzyme inhibitor (letrozole) orally each week beginning at 1 week of age until castration at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 months of age. Testes were weighed and testicular parenchyma was recovered for determination of histology and detergent-resistant spermatid numbers, and for determination of Sertoli cell number and Leydig cell volume by staining for GATA-4 and 17-alpha hydroxylase/17-20 lyase respectively. Testes of aromatase-inhibited boars initially exhibited delayed lumen formation, lower testicular weight, fewer detergent-resistant spermatids, and fewer Sertoli cells, but by 7 to 8 months, these boars had recovered and had larger testes, more detergent-resistant spermatids per testis, and more Sertoli cells. Total Leydig cell volume increased in proportion to testis size. Reducing endogenous estrogen is consistent with a delay in testicular maturation/puberty that allows for a longer window for the proliferation of Sertoli cells and maturation of Leydig cells, resulting in larger testes and higher spermatid production.
The Design of Incomplete Multinomial Samples: The Nested Case

Multinomial samples may be fully or partially classified. In this paper, procedures for optimally determining sample size allocations between fully and partially classified data sets are described and illustrated. Expressions for the large-sample variances of the maximum likeli-hood estimators using both completely and partially classified data are given which reduce the design problems to convex programming problems.
PET Energy-Based Scatter Estimation in the Presence of Randoms, and Image Reconstruction With Energy-Dependent Scatter and Randoms Corrections

In this paper, we address the problem of energy-based scatter estimation in PET in the presence of randoms. We refine a previous proposed model for comprehensive use of the energy information in PET [Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 51, pp. 2919-2937, 2006] by introducing a model for the random coincidences. This model is used to estimate the scatter components in randoms from delayed coincidence data, and then of the nonrandom coincidence scatters from the prompt coincidence data. By performing these estimations on a spatial grid covering the data space, we obtain scatter and randoms correction terms that depend both on position and energy. These terms are incorporated into the list-mode image reconstruction algorithm, thus allowing for an individual treatment of each event according to its position and energy information. We test this approach by using a recently developed image quality evaluation procedure that measures the detectability of signals at unknown locations. The procedure combines a three-dimensional image scanning technique with a novel nonparametric free-response data analysis method that provides a signal detectability metric by using an exponential transformation of the free-response operating characteristic (EFROC). The method allows for scaling of the detectability index to any given image size, a property that makes it advantageous for application to phantom experiments with multiple signals, or large background volumes that can be scanned for false signals. Such experiments can provide substantial signal detectability information with only a few images, as we show here. Image reconstructions using traditional, no energy-dependent, and energy-dependent corrections are compared for different time-of-flight (TOF) resolutions, and number of counts. A comparison of PET time-of-flight (TOF) performance versus no-TOF is also presented.
The Mechanism of Inhibition of Topoisomerase IV by Quinolone Antibacterials

Topoisomerase IV (Topo IV) is a mediator of quinolone toxicity in bacteria. In this work, we demonstrate that norfloxacin, a model quinolone, converts Escherichia coliTopo IV into a poisonous adduct on DNA as opposed to inhibiting topoisomerase activity. Norfloxacin inhibition of Topo IV induces a slow decline in DNA synthesis that parallels cell death. Treatment of cells with a lethal concentration of the antibacterial did not block chromosome segregation, the phenotype of catalytic inhibition of Topo IV. Instead, norfloxacin causes DNA damage, as evidenced by the induction of the SOS pathway for DNA repair; the increase in susceptibility to the drug by mutations in genes for DNA repair pathways including recA, recB, and uvrD; and the efficient detergent-induced linearization of plasmid DNA in drug-treated cells. Wild-type and drug-resistant alleles of Topo IV are co-dominant, but we find that mutations in recA, seqA, or gyrB result in unconditional dominance of the sensitive allele, the characteristic of a poisoning mode of inhibition. These mutations either compromise chromosome integrity or force Topo IV to play a more active role in DNA unlinking in front of the replication fork. We interpret our results in terms of distinct but complementary roles of Topo IV and gyrase in DNA replication.
Performance of Digital Implementations of an Adaptive Processor

The performance of a digital implementation of an Applebaum-Howells type adaptive processor is analyzed for both a limiter and nonlimiter configuration. The performance is evaluated in terms of steady-state residue power, using either a single-pole filter or a perfect integrator to smooth the output of the correlation mixer. The latter filter is the more commonly used for digital implementations. It is shown that when using the perfect integrator filter for both the limiter and linear digital implementations, the steady-state average weight vector equals the optimum weight vector. Thus, for this filter, the steady-state residue power is the minimum possible for either implementation. When using the single-pole filter, neither implementation achieves the minimum possible steady-state residue power. The relative performance of the two implementations depends upon the relative gain settings. When the gains are adjusted to give comparable servo stability for the design maximum jammer power, a reasonable criterion for digital implementations because of analog to digital saturation, the limiter configuration always has smaller steady-state residue power.
Max-AUC Feature Selection in Computer-Aided Detection of Polyps in CT Colonography

We propose a feature selection method based on a sequential forward floating selection (SFFS) procedure to improve the performance of a classifier in computerized detection of polyps in CT colonography (CTC). The feature selection method is coupled with a nonlinear support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Unlike the conventional linear method based on Wilks' lambda, the proposed method selected the most relevant features that would maximize the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), which directly maximizes classification performance, evaluated based on AUC value, in the computer-aided detection (CADe) scheme. We presented two variants of the proposed method with different stopping criteria used in the SFFS procedure. The first variant searched all feature combinations allowed in the SFFS procedure and selected the subsets that maximize the AUC values. The second variant performed a statistical test at each step during the SFFS procedure, and it was terminated if the increase in the AUC value was not statistically significant. The advantage of the second variant is its lower computational cost. To test the performance of the proposed method, we compared it against the popular stepwise feature selection method based on Wilks' lambda for a colonic-polyp database (25 polyps and 2624 nonpolyps). We extracted 75 morphologic, gray-level-based, and texture features from the segmented lesion candidate regions. The two variants of the proposed feature selection method chose 29 and 7 features, respectively. Two SVM classifiers trained with these selected features yielded a 96% by-polyp sensitivity at false-positive (FP) rates of 4.1 and 6.5 per patient, respectively. Experiments showed a significant improvement in the performance of the classifier with the proposed feature selection method over that with the popular stepwise feature selection based on Wilks' lambda that yielded 18.0 FPs per patient at the same sensitivity level.
ENHANCEMENT OF MUTAGENESIS AND HUMAN SKIN CANCER RATES RESULTING FROM INCREASED FLUENCES OF SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION

— We present a new method for calculating the effects of reduction of atmospheric ozone upon induction of nonmelanoma skin cancer. These estimates are based upon several recent experimental improvements: a model for the atmospheric penetration of UV-B; measurements of the transmission of this radiation by human epidermis; a precise action spectrum for genetic effects (mutation) in Escherichia coli, which was corrected for finite slit width. The calculated radiation amplification factor or percent increase in exposure per one percent decrease in atmospheric ozone is constant at 1.7 for solar zenith angles = 70° and decreases only with larger values of this angle. Thus the estimated increase applies to all heavily populated areas. of the globe. The value is robust: it is almost the same when the albedo is reduced from 0.2 to 0.1 or when the epidermal transmission is assumed to be about fourfold greater.
Research Into Practice: Suggestions to Help Sustain Teacher Turn-Taking Talk and Socratic Questions With Low-Income Preschoolers

Research using an intensive single-session training to increase use of Socratic (open-ended) questions and to lengthen turn-taking talk with low-income preschoolers showed that immediate posttraining gains were not sustained in classrooms 3 months later. Suggestions are given for trainers and for teachers that can boost teacher ability to implement language interactions so that they become an integral and sustained aspect of enriched classroom practice.
The Fatigue Experience for Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Purpose To examine fatigue as a symptom experienced by women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Sample A convenience sample of 100 women with HIV. Analysis Independent sample f-tests were used to test for mean differences in fatigue related to variables in the women's sociocultural and home environment (ethnicity, employment, marital status, and parenting). Pearson product moment correlations were used to examine significant relationships between fatigue and physiologic variables (age, CD4 cell count, and sleep). Findings Lower CD4 cell counts were related to more daytime sleep, higher evening fatigue, and higher morning fatigue. Morning fatigue was related to duration of wake episodes during the night, napping, and perception of sleep disturbance during the past week. The number of awakenings during the first night predicted the severity of fatigue the next evening. Conclusion To understand the fatigue experienced by women with HIV, researchers and clinicians must focus on the relative contributions of sociocultural, home, and physiologic environments within which these women live. Additional research is ongoing to identify the strategies these women use to manage daily activities such that gender-relevant and culturally relevant interventions for alleviating fatigue can be tested in women with a variety of chronic illnesses, including HIV and acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
Characterization of the Vibrio cholerae extracellular matrix: a top-down solid-state NMR approach.

Abstract Bacterial biofilms are communities of bacterial cells surrounded by a self-secreted extracellular matrix. Biofilm formation by Vibrio cholerae , the human pathogen responsible for cholera, contributes to its environmental survival and infectivity. Important genetic and molecular requirements have been identified for V. cholerae biofilm formation, yet a compositional accounting of these parts in the intact biofilm or extracellular matrix has not been described. As insoluble and non-crystalline assemblies, determinations of biofilm composition pose a challenge to conventional biochemical and biophysical analyses. The V. cholerae extracellular matrix composition is particularly complex with several proteins, complex polysaccharides, and other biomolecules having been identified as matrix parts. We developed a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using 13 C CPMAS and 13 C{ 15 N}, 15 N{ 31 P}, and 13 C{ 31 P}REDOR. General sugar, lipid, and amino acid pools were first profiled and then further annotated and quantified as specific carbon types, including carbonyls, amides, glycyl carbons, and anomerics. In addition, 15 N profiling revealed a large amine pool relative to amide contributions, reflecting the prevalence of molecular modifications with free amine groups. Our top-down approach could be implemented immediately to examine the extracellular matrix from mutant strains that might alter polysaccharide production or lipid release beyond the cell surface; or to monitor changes that may accompany environmental variations and stressors such as altered nutrient composition, oxidative stress or antibiotics. More generally, our analysis has demonstrated that solid-state NMR is a valuable tool to characterize complex biofilm systems. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: NMR Spectroscopy for Atomistic Views of Biomembranes and Cell Surfaces. Guest Editors: Lynette Cegelski and David P. Weliky.
Characterization of two conditional early mutants of Rous sarcoma virus

Abstract Some of the biological and physical properties of two independently isolated mutants of Rous sarcoma virus have been investigated. Both ts 335 and ts 337 are unable either to transform or replicate at 41 °. The lesions in the mutants occur very early after infection (prior to 2 hr); however, the lesions appear to be expressed after adsorption to and penetration into the host cells. Both mutants contain temperature sensitive structural components, and ts 337 is also antigenically different from the wild type. The virions contain a polymerase activity which appears to be temperature sensitive in both the endogenous reaction and with poly rA:d(pT) 10 as the exogenous template. Upon coinfection of chick fibroblasts with ts 335 or ts 337 and Rous-associated virus (RAV), genetically stable wild-type sarcoma virus is produced at a high frequency. Therefore, the information for the function(s) which is mutant in these viruses is also present in RAV. All the parameters measured are consistent with a mutation affecting the function of the avian tumor virus RNA-dependent DNA polymerase.
Supramolecular Control of Fluorescence through Reversible Encapsulation

The trans to cis isomerization of 4,4'-dimethylazobenzene by the nonchemical stimuli light and heat alters its guest binding properties, allowing control over encapsulation of a second guest. We show here how this remote control for reversible encapsulation can be used as a supramolecular fluorescence on/off switch. If trans-4-ethyl-4'-methylstilbene is used as the second guest its fluorescence is altered depending on whether it is free in solution or encapsulated. We demonstrate that the change in fluorescence is indeed a consequence of the controlled encapsulation state of the stilbene by correlation of fluorescence and (1)H NMR data.
Effect of life history on the squirrel monkey (Platyrrhini, Saimiri) cranium

Among primates, squirrel monkeys uniquely possess an interorbital fenestra, in which the midline bony orbitosphenoid septum is largely absent and the soft tissues of the orbits are separated only by a thin membrane. Neural development may contribute to the approximation of the orbits to the midline in Saimiri, insofar as other platyrrhines with relatively large brains also have relatively narrow interorbital spaces compared to their near relatives. In Saimiri the narrow spacing of the orbits is further exacerbated by intense predation pressure on infants that may select for precocial neonates. The result is a large-headed neonate that is subject to unusual parturition constraints. These parturition constraints apply to the size and dolichocephalic shape of the squirrel monkey head in general, and to the relatively large eyes and approximated orbits in particular. The unique interorbital condition in Saimiri is an example of the effects of life history on skeletal morphology. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Short-reach flexible optical interconnection using embedded edge- emitting lasers and edge-viewing detectors

We proposed a novel optical coupling technology for short-reach interconnection (<10m) on flexible polymer waveguides. In order to decrease time and cost of fabrication and assembly, edge-emitting lasers and edge-viewing photodetectors are embedded directly into flexible polymer waveguide in a parallel lithography process., This avoids lenses or angle-reflected components, such as 45° mirrors or volume gratings, which are widely used for VCSEL coupling. Multi-channel optical interconnection can be implemented by passive alignment in a one-time optical lithography process, and no additional expensive components are needed to achieve high coupling efficiency.
Hydrolysis of lysozyme with an RF-powered micro-reactor

An RF sample-processing micro-reactor that was developed as part of potential in situ exploration missions to inner- and outer-planetary bodies has been used to perform hydrolysis of a protein—lysozyme. The micro-reactor was designed to utilize aqueous solutions subjected to 60 GHz radiation at 730 mW input power to extract target organic compounds and molecular and inorganic ions as well as to hydrolyze complex polymeric materials. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) were used in the analysis of the reaction products. It was established that both the flow rate of the protein solution through the reactor (2.5–87 μL min−1) and the applied head pressure (0.34–2.76 MPa) positively affect the hydrolysis reaction when exposed to RF radiation. The results of the RF micro-reactor samples were compared to those run in an analogous sample handling setup using a heat source in place of RF radiation.
Case report: survival of a type I transthoracic impalement.

Abstract The care of a patient who became impaled on a large aluminum pipe is presented. A review of the literature reveals that most patients with a type I injury either do not survive or present with an unpredictable pattern of injury. Preoperative care requires rapid stabilization, assessment, and interventions based on the pattern of injury. Perioperative management may involve multiple surgeons performing simultaneous surgical procedures. (Int J Trauma Nurs 2001;7:88-92.)
Filled Pauses and Gestures: It's Not Coincidence

Though filled pauses and gestures frequently accompany speech, their function is not well understood. We suggest that it may be helpful in furthering our knowledge of these phenomena to examine their relationship to each other. To this end, we carried out two studies examining whether they tend to occur together, or to occur at separate times. Both faculty colloquium speakers and undergraduate subjects used filled pauses less frequently when they were gesturing than when they were not gesturing. This effect held for 30 out of 31 subjects. We suggest that detailed theories may be premature, but speculate that gestures may be an indication that the speech production apparatus has completed its search for the next word, phrase or idea and is ready to continue.
Role of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, ibuprofen, in coronary revascularization after acute myocardial infarction.

The efficacy of using a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent such as ibuprofen for the salvage of ischemic and reperfused myocardium was investigated by examining its ability to improve global and regional functions as well as to preserve high-energy phosphate compounds and inhibit creatine kinase release from an isolated in-situ pig heart subjected to 1 h of normothermic regional ischemia followed by 1 h of global hypothermic arrest and 1 h of normothermic reperfusion. Preperfusion of the heart for 15 min prior to ischemic insult with 50 μM ibuprofen failed to mitigate the myocardial reperfusion injury. Ibuprofen, however, functioned as an anti-inflammatory agent, as judged by its ability to inhibit the influx of indium-111-labeled polymorphonuclear leukocytes and chromium-51 (51Cr)-labeled platelets into the ischemic and reperfused heart. It also blocked the cyclooxygenase pathway, as evidenced by the significant reduction of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α and thromboxane B2 concentrations in the perfusate. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase resulted in increased accumulation of nonesterified fatty acids, particularly arachidonic acid, in the heart. These results suggest that although ibuprofen can inhibit polymorphonuclear leukocyte and platelet influx into the ischemic and reperfused heart, it causes further damage to the already ischemic heart by reducing prostacyclin concentration and increasing free fatty acids in the heart.
Elastic scattering at high energy and fixed angle in QED

We show that the photon elastic-scattering amplitudes corresponding to irreducible diagrams scale as the energy approaches infinity with the scattering angle fixed. The lowest-order scaling functions are calculated. Existing experimental data on Delbruck scattering are in conflict with scaling, and we suggest that they be reanalysed or (and) additional experiments be done. We also show that, for photon scattering amplitudes, the violation of scaling is contained entirely in the dependence of the coupling constant on the momentum transfer.
An EUV Fresnel zoneplate mask-imaging microscope for lithography generations reaching 8 nm

We present the potential optical performance capabilities of a next-generation extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask-imaging microscope, based on the proven optical principle of the SEMATECH Berkeley Actinic Inspection Tool (AIT), but surpassing it in every performance metric. The new synchrotron-based tool, referred to here as the SEMATECH Berkeley Actinic Imaging Tool at 0.5 NA (AIT5) will enable research on multiple generations of EUV lithography design rules. The proposed microscope features an array of user-selectable Fresnel zoneplate lenses with diffractionlimited quality and different optical properties, such as numerical aperture (NA) and magnification. An efficient all-EUV optical system with variable high magnification and direct EUV detection provides images with the highest possible signal-to-noise ratio. A lossless, customizable-coherence illuminator based on angle-scanning mirrors and an ellipsoidal condenser creates arbitrary pupil fill patterns, with partial coherence σ values up to 1.0 at 0.5 4×NA and higher. In combination with rotated zoneplate objective lenses, the illuminator will be capable of a range of discrete azimuthal angles as well, modeling the behavior of EUV steppers across a ring-field of view.
Roles of Salicylic Acid, Jasmonic Acid, and Ethylene in Cpr-Induced Resistance in Arabidopsis

Disease resistance in Arabidopsis is regulated by multiple signal transduction pathways in which salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) function as key signaling molecules. Epistasis analyses were performed between mutants that disrupt these pathways ( npr1 , eds5 , ein2 , and jar1 ) and mutants that constitutively activate these pathways ( cpr1, cpr5 , and cpr6 ), allowing exploration of the relationship between the SA- and JA/ET‐mediated resistance responses. Two important findings were made. First, the constitutive disease resistance exhibited by cpr1 , cpr5, and cpr6 is completely suppressed by the SA-deficient eds5 mutant but is only partially affected by the SA-insensitive npr1 mutant. Moreover, eds5 suppresses the SA-accumulating phenotype of the cpr mutants, whereas npr1 enhances it. These data indicate the existence of an SA-mediated, NPR1-independent resistance response. Second, the ET-insensitive mutation ein2 and the JA-insensitive mutation jar1 suppress the NPR1-independent resistance response exhibited by cpr5 and cpr6 . Furthermore, ein2 potentiates SA accumulation in cpr5 and cpr5 npr1 while dampening SA accumulation in cpr6 and cpr6 npr1 . These latter results indicate that cpr5 and cpr6 regulate resistance through distinct pathways and that SA-mediated, NPR1-independent resistance works in combination with components of the JA/ET‐ mediated response pathways.
Strong-field laser ionization of model atoms

Finite-element methods are used to solve the time-dependent Schrodinger equation for a one-dimensional square-well potential subject to an arbitrarily strong electromagnetic field.
Expectancy as a Function of Sex, Grade, Feedback Level and Performer.

Summary. Accuracy of expectation for oneself and for another person was assessed on a perceptual judgment task given to 60 children from each of three grades—first, third and fifth. Significant main effects of Grade and Feedback Level were observed, whereas the significant Performer (self vs. other) main effect was confounded by a Grade X Performer interaction. Older children were more accurate than younger, high feedback students more accurate than low and other judgments were more accurate than self at the fifth-grade level. The Sex difference main effect was non-significant.
Allergen Specific IgE Response Is Similar in HIV-1 Seropositive and Seronegative Adults: Implications for HAART Induced Th2 to Th1 Switching

FEBRUARY 2015 AB8 Abstracts S A T U R D A Y 24 Allergen Specific IgE Response Is Similar in HIV-1 Seropositive and Seronegative Adults: Implications for HAART Induced Th2 to Th1 Switching Mili Shum, MD, Ashlei Mathew, MD, Maja Nowakowski, PhD, Hamid Moallem, MD, Tamar A. Smith-Norowitz, PhD, Helen G. Durkin, PhD, Rauno O. Joks, MD, FAAAAI; State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, SUNY Downstate, Brooklyn, NY. RATIONALE: Advanced HIV disease has been associated with Th2 mediated IgE responses, including IgE anti-HIV, and decreased atopy. The effect of HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) on Th2 mediated allergic IgE responses has not been determined. METHODS: Retrospective chart review was performed for adults seen in Allergy clinic at University Hospital of Brooklyn during 7/2000 to 5/2014. Subjects included HIV-1 patients on HAART and a control group consisting of HIV-1 seronegative patients (age and sex matched with a clinical visit in the samemonth). Total and allergen specific serum IgE was determined by ImmunoCAP assay; Skin prick test (SPT, Dermapik) for aeroallergens was performed using the Dermapik method. A mixed linear model was constructed for each dependent variable (IgE, no. of positive allergy results). Fixed factors were HIV status and gender; age was introduced as a linear covariate; matched pair ID was introduced as a random factor. RESULTS: Seventy-four subjects were analyzed with equal number of subjects in each group. HIV-1 seropositive subjects on HAART and controls had similar total serum IgE of 90.95 IU/ml and 144.54 IU/ml respectively (p50.23) and similar numbers of positive allergen specific IgE responses of 3.34 and 4.06, respectively (p50.28). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest there is limited effect of HAART on Th2 to Th1 switching.
Megagauss Fields Produced with Small Explosive Charges

A class of “minigenerators” is described that produces megagauss fields in load coils 9.5 mm diam. × 25 mm long. The minigenerators are scaled down versions of conventional strip or bellows generators. They require less than 90 grams of commercial sheet explosive, and thus could be fired in many laboratories using only a modest containment vessel. The initial flux must be supplied inductively, as the metal components are too flimsy to support sufficient direct current feed. Evidence suggests that peak fields are controlled by conductor current density limitations and the energy available in the explosive. Flash X-ray radiographs of the load coil region show that load coil expansion from magnetic forces is small up to the time of peak field but increases dramatically a few microseconds later. A one-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic code with material properties has been used to predict this behavior, and agreement with experiment is good.
DELMA: Dynamically ELastic MapReduce Framework for CPU-Intensive Applications

Since its introduction, MapReduce implementations have been primarily focused towards static compute cluster sizes. In this paper, we introduce the concept of dynamic elasticity to MapReduce. We present the design decisions and implementation tradeoffs for DELMA, (Dynamically Elastic MapReduce), a framework that follows the MapReduce paradigm, just like Hadoop MapReduce, but that is capable of growing and shrinking its cluster size, as jobs are underway. In our study, we test DELMA in diverse performance scenarios, ranging from diverse node additions to node additions at various points in the application run-time with various dataset sizes. The applicability of the MapReduce paradigm extends far beyond its use with large-scale data intensive applications, and can also be brought to bear in processing long running distributed applications executing on small-sized clusters. In this work, we focus both on the performance of processing hierarchical data in distributed scientific applications, as well as the processing of smaller but demanding input sizes primarily used in small clusters. We run experiments for datasets that require CPU intensive processing, ranging in size from Millions of input data elements to process, up to over half a billion elements, and observe the positive scalability patterns exhibited by the system. We show that for such sizes, performance increases accordingly with data and cluster size increases. We conclude on the benefits of providing MapReduce with the capability of dynamically growing and shrinking its cluster configuration by adding and removing nodes during jobs, and explain the possibilities presented by this model.
Kinetic features of cotransport mechanisms under isotope exchange conditions.

The mechanisms of carrier-mediated cotransport across biological membranes can be divided into those with ordered and those with random sequences of substrate binding to and debinding from the carrier. When the membrane is considered a symmetry plane, the sequence of substrate binding and debinding of ordered mechanisms can exhibit either of two symmetries: mirror or glide. The carrier-mediated cotransport of solutes is kinetically analyzed for equilibrium exchange in membrane vesicles to obtain criteria for distinguishing the different transport mechanisms. Three types of kinetic measurement are necessary to determine the type of cotransport mechanism: (1) isotope exchange of either substrate as a function of its concentration (Km determination); (2) isotope exchange of either substrate as a function of cosubstrate concentration (activation curves); and (3) ratios of mass exchange rates of both substrates as a function of various substrate concentration ratios. These criteria are applied to and discussed...
Improving classification performance through selective instance completion

In multiple domains, actively acquiring missing input information at a reasonable cost in order to improve our understanding of the input---output relationships is of increasing importance. This problem has gained prominence in healthcare, public policy making, education, and in the targeted advertising industry which tries to best match people to products. In this paper we tackle an important variant of this problem: Instance completion, where we want to choose the best k incomplete instances to query from a much larger universe of N ($$\gg $$?k) incomplete instances so as to learn the most accurate classifier. We propose a principled framework which motivates a generally applicable yet efficient meta-technique for choosing k such instances. Since we cannot know a priori the classifier that will result from the completed dataset, i.e. the final classifier, our method chooses the k instances based on a derived upper bound on the expectation of the distance between the next classifier and the final classifier. We additionally derive a sufficient condition for these two solutions to match. We then empirically evaluate the performance of our method relative to the state-of-the-art methods on four UCI datasets as well as three proprietary e-commerce datasets used in previous studies. In these experiments, we also demonstrate how close we are likely to be to the optimal solution, by quantifying the extent to which our sufficient condition is satisfied. Lastly, we show that our method is easily extensible to the setting where we have a non-uniform cost associated with acquiring the missing information.