cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An electron microscope study of the tegument of the metacercaria and adult of Leucochloridiomorpha constantiae (Trematoda: Brachylaemidae)

The tegumentary ultrastructure of Leucochloridiomorpha constantiae metacercariae and adults has been described. A filamentous glycocalyx invests the tegument of metacercariae and large numbers of biconcave, disk-shaped secretion vesicles are found in its outer zone, cytoplasmic bridges and cytons. Mitochondria within the outer tegumentary zone of metacercariae are restricted to its basal half. The transformation of metacercariae to adults involves the loss of the glycocalyx, a decrease in the number of disk-shaped secretion vesicles, a more uniform distribution of mitochondria through the outer tegumentary zone, an apparent degeneration of cytons, a thinning of the fibrous basal lamina and a decrease in the number of visible cytoplasmic bridges traversing it. The significance of these events for a metacercaria which does not encyst within the molluscan host is discussed. In addition, crystalline, spine-like inclusions in the outer tegumentary zone of adult L. constantiae are described and their possible function discussed.
Polarity and nucleation of microtubules in polarized epithelial cells

Microtubules oriented in the apicobasal axis of columnar epithelial cells are arranged with a uniform polarity with minus ends toward the apical surface, suggesting that these cytoskeletal filaments might serve as a substrate for polarized movement of membrane vesicles within the cell. It is not known whether hepatocytes, a cuboidal epithelium in which transcellular transport is a requisite step in normal apical membrane biogenesis, contain microtubules arranged with a similar polarity. In the present study, we explore the question of microtubule polarity and possible mechanisms for nucleation in the epithelial cell lines WIF-B (hepatocyte), Caco-2 (intestine), and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK). Caco-2 microtubules in the apicobasal axis had uniform polarity with minus ends nearest the apical surface. After cold and nocodazole-induced depolymerization, microtubule regrowth initiated in the apical region in all three cell types. The apex of WIF-B and Caco-2 cells contained two pools of gamma-tubulin: one associated with centrosomes and the other delocalized under the apical membrane. Non-centrosomal gamma-tubulin was present in complexes that sedimented between 10S and 29S; both forms could bind microtubules. The presence of both centrosomal and noncentrosomal gamma-tubulin in apical cytoplasm suggest multiple mechanisms by which microtubule nucleation might occur in epithelial cells.
The Effect of Patch Testing on Surgical Practices and Outcomes in Orthopedic Patients With Metal Implants

Objective To determine the effect of patch testing on surgical decision making and outcomes in patients evaluated for suspected metal hypersensitivity related to implants in bones or joints. Design Medical chart review. Setting Tertiary care academic medical center. Participants All patients who had patch testing for allergic contact dermatitis related to orthopedic implants. Intervention Patch testing. Main Outcome Measures The surgeon's preoperative choice of metal implant alloy compared with patch testing results and the presence of hypersensitivity complications related to the metal implant on postsurgical follow-up. Results Patients with potential metal hypersensitivity from implanted devices (N = 72) were divided into 2 groups depending on timing of their patch testing: preimplantation (n = 31) and postimplantation (n = 41). History of hypersensitivity to metals was a predictor of positive patch test results to metals in both groups. Positive patch test results indicating metal hypersensitivity influenced the decision-making process of the referring surgeon in all preimplantation cases (n = 21). Patients with metal hypersensitivity who received an allergen-free implant had surgical outcomes free of hypersensitivity complications (n = 21). In patients who had positive patch test results to a metal in their implant after implantation, removal of the device led to resolution of associated symptoms (6 of 10 patients). Conclusions The findings of this study support a role for patch testing in patients with a clinical history of metal hypersensitivity before prosthetic device implantation. The decision on whether to remove an implanted device after positive patch test results should be made on a case-by-case basis, as decided by the surgeon and patient.
The Effect of Low Flow Oxygen on Sleep- Disordered Breathing and Oxygen Desaturation* A Study of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease

Oxygen desaturation occurs during sleep in many patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) and is often caused by sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Nocturnal oxygen therapy should improve nighttime hypoxemia, but might also worsen SDB. Using standard polysomnographic techniques, we evaluated the frequency and duration of oxygen desaturation and SDB during sleep in 11 patients with stable COLD. During half of the night the patients breathed air through a nasal cannula and during the other half of the night they breathed oxygen at 2 liters per minute. Five patients had arterial lines inserted for determination of arterial blood gas levels during periods of SDB or desaturation. The ten men and one woman slept 70 minutes (52 percent of time in bed) while on air and 111 minutes (80 percent of time in bed) while on oxygen (p < 0.001). Oxygen therapy reduced the number of episodes of desaturation per hour and the time spent in desaturation. However, there was no difference between air and oxygen in episodes of SDB per hour, the duration of episodes of SDB, baseline sleeping PaCO2 or PaCO2 during episodes of desaturation or SDB. Therefore, in most patients with stable COLD, administration of oxygen at 2 liters per minute improves oxygenation, prolongs sleep, but does not adversely affect SDB.
A Four-Rigid-Body Element Model and Computer Simulation for Flexible Components of Wind Turbines

In this paper, a four-rigid-body element model is presented for description of flexible components of a horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT). The element consists of four rigid bodies arranged in a chain structure fashion. The bodies of each element are linked by two universal joints at two ends, and one cylindrical joint at the middle. Thus each element has six degrees of freedom. They are four degrees of freedom for bending, one degree of freedom for torsion, and one degree of freedom for axial stretching. For each degree of freedom, a spring is used to describe the stiffness of the component. Stiffness of each spring is obtained by using potential energy equivalence between a Timoshenko beam and these springs. With these considerations, flexible components of a HAWT such as blades and tower may then be represented by connecting several such elements together. Based on four-rigid-body element model, the tower and blades of a HAWT are constructed. Their equations of motion are then derived via Kane’s dynamical method. Commercial computational multibody dynamic analysis software Autolev has been used for motion simulation of tower and blades under given initial conditions. Simulation results associated with the tower indicate that four-rigid-body element model is suitable for analysis of dynamic loads, modal, and vibration of wind turbines with respect to fixed and moving references at high computational efficiency and low simulation costs. The approach is also a good candidate for simulating dynamical behaviors of wind turbines and preventing their fatigue failures in time domain.© 2011 ASME
How to Restore Equitable and Sustainable Economic Growth in the United States

Abstract Today's weakness in the US economy results from lack of aggregate demand, due to high and growing inequality, underinvestment in public infrastructure and technology that is complementary to private capital, continuing mild austerity, difficulties encountered in making the structural transformation from manufacturing to a service-based economy, and a financial sector failing to provide adequate funds to SMEs. An agenda to restore growth includes a carbon price, inducing climate investments; increased public investments in infrastructure and technology; fighting inequality through redistribution and rewriting the rules structuring the economy; and reforming the financial sector and the global reserve system.
The Breakdown of the Colonial Order

As much as the Great Rebellion was provoked by changes in the larger Andean political economy, it provoked a profound transformation in the local political economies of highland Indian communities. The segment of society that suffered most was the Indian nobility. The loss of life and property hit the great cacical houses of the Titicaca basin hard. The destruction of obrajes and flocks and the disruption of trade further severed the Cusqueno economy from the Altiplano, just when improvements in shipping made Buenos Aires a more attractive port-of-entry than Lima and royal policy began to encourage trade rather than limit it. Cusco's textile and sugar industries, and portage across the Titicaca basin, thus declined further. Insofar as the cacical elite had drawn its wealth and power from their control over the contact between local economies and the regional market, they suffered proportionately. Even more damaging for the Indian nobility of Cusco was the crown's rethinking of the organization of colonial rule. Throughout the Americas, Charles III and Charles IV sought to extend royal authority in a wave of state-building that paralleled and surpassed that of the Habsburgs in the sixteenth century. While the codification of Spanish rule in the late 1500s had imposed a colonial discipline on Andean society, the inability and reluctance to enforce royal justice had created great latitude for negotiation: “obedezco pero no cumplo” served as the unofficial motto of corregidores and caciques as well as of viceroys. From the mid-eighteenth century, the crown set out to reclaim control of royal government and of Indian tribute.
An Evaluation Tool for Agricultural Health and Safety Mobile Applications

As the use of mobile devices and their software applications, or apps, becomes ubiquitous, use amongst agricultural working populations is expanding as well. The smart device paired with a well-designed app has potential for improving workplace health and safety in the hands of those who can act upon the information provided. Many apps designed to assess workplace hazards and implementation of worker protections already exist. However, the abundance and diversity of such applications also presents challenges regarding evaluation practices and assignation of value. This is particularly true in the agricultural workspace, as there is currently little information on the value of these apps for agricultural safety and health. This project proposes a framework for developing and evaluating apps that have potential usefulness in agricultural health and safety. The evaluation framework is easily transferable, with little modification for evaluation of apps in several agriculture-specific areas.
Performance and Scalability Improvements for Discontinuous Galerkin Solutions to Conservation Laws on Unstructured Grids

This paper presents a computational framework developed to improve both the serial and parallel performance of two dimensional, unstructured, discontinuous Galerkin (DG) solutions to hyperbolic conservation laws. The coding techniques employed factor in advancements trending in HPC technologies. They are designed to maximize loop vectorization, efficiently utilize cache, facilitate straightforward shared memory parallelization, reduce message passing volume, and increase the overlap between computation and communication. With today's CPU technology and HPC networks rapidly evolving, it is important to quantitatively assess and compare these methodologies with standard paradigms in order to maximize current computational resources. In our benchmark studies, we specifically investigate the shallow water equations to show that the refactored algorithm implementation is able to provide a significant performance increase over the conventional elemental DG code structure in terms of both CPU time and parallel scalability. Our results show that the serial optimizations result in a 28---38 % performance increase. For parallel computations our improvements give rise to a 1.5---2.0 speedup factor for local problem sizes between 10 and 2000 elements per core, regardless of the overall problem size. The computational benchmarks were performed on the Lonestar and Stampede supercomputers at the Texas Advanced Computing Center.
Serotonin Levels in Attention Deficit Disorder

The relationship between blood serotonin, norepinephrine, dopa and lipid levels and the degree of hyperactivity, impulsiveness, inattention, and aggressiveness in 35 boys with ADHD, combined type, was studied at the Ness Ziona Mental Health Center, Nes Zona, Tel Aviv University, and other centers in Israel.
The development of inter-strain variation in cortical and trabecular traits during growth of the mouse lumbar vertebral body

How cortical and trabecular bone co-develop to establish a mechanically functional structure is not well understood. Comparing early postnatal differences in morphology of lumbar vertebral bodies for three inbred mouse strains identified coordinated changes within and between cortical and trabecular traits. These early coordinate changes defined the phenotypic differences among the inbred mouse strains. Age-related changes in cortical and trabecular traits have been well studied; however, very little is known about how these bone tissues co-develop from day 1 of postnatal growth to establish functional structures by adulthood. In this study, we aimed to establish how cortical and trabecular tissues within the lumbar vertebral body change during growth for three inbred mouse strains that express wide variation in adult bone structure and function. Bone traits were quantified for lumbar vertebral bodies of female A/J, C57BL/6J (B6), and C3H/HeJ (C3H) inbred mouse strains from 1 to 105 days of age (n = 6–10 mice/age/strain). Inter-strain differences in external bone size were observed as early as 1 day of age. Reciprocal and rapid changes in the trabecular bone volume fraction and alignment in the direction of axial compression were observed by 7 days of age. Importantly, the inter-strain difference in adult trabecular bone volume fraction was established by 7 days of age. Early variation in external bone size and trabecular architecture was followed by progressive increases in cortical area between 28 and 105 days of age, with the greatest increases in cortical area seen in the mouse strain with the lowest trabecular mass. Establishing the temporal changes in bone morphology for three inbred mouse strains revealed that genetic variation in adult trabecular traits were established early in postnatal development. Early variation in trabecular architecture preceded strain-specific increases in cortical area and changes in cortical thickness. This study established the sequence of how cortical and trabecular traits co-develop during growth, which is important for identifying critical early ages to further focus on intervention studies that optimize adult bone strength.
Examining the Theater of “Listening” & “Learning”

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an example of how critical policy analysis, specifically the dramaturgical analysis of policymaking, is able to broaden the examination of discourses in isolation. This chapter expands the field of the discourse analyses often found within critical policy work by examining how dominant discourses (privileged and inscribed language) are constructed through the deliberative performance of politics (performative act of policymaking). The focus for analysis in this chapter is the Obama/Duncan Administration’s Listening & Learning Tour (L&L Tour). By examining the orchestrated interaction between discourses and performative politics during the L&L tour this chapter provides readers with a critical policy analysis of how dominant discourses and deliberative politics codetermined which definition of school improvement would shape the Obama/Duncan revision of the Title I School Improvement Grant (SIG).
Texture space caching and reconstruction for ray tracing

We present a texture space caching and reconstruction system for Monte Carlo ray tracing. Our system gathers and filters shading on-demand, including querying secondary rays, directly within a filter footprint around the current shading point. We shade on local grids in texture space with primary visibility decoupled from shading. Unique filters can be applied per material, where any terms of the shader can be chosen to be included in each kernel. This is a departure from recent screen space image reconstruction techniques, which typically use a single, complex kernel with a set of large auxiliary guide images as input. We show a number of high-performance use cases for our system, including interactive denoising of Monte Carlo ray tracing with motion/defocus blur, spatial and temporal shading reuse, cached product importance sampling, and filters based on linear regression in texture space.
The 2 March 2016 Wharton Basin Mw 7.8 earthquake: High stress drop north-south strike-slip rupture in the diffuse oceanic deformation zone between the Indian and Australian Plates

The diffuse deformation zone between the Indian and Australian plates has hosted numerous major and great earthquakes during the seismological record, including the 11 April 2012 M_w 8.6 event, the largest recorded intraplate earthquake. On 2 March 2016, an M_w 7.8 strike-slip faulting earthquake occurred in the northwestern Wharton Basin, in a region bracketed by north-south trending fracture zones with no previously recorded large event nearby. Despite the large magnitude, only minor source finiteness is evident in aftershock locations or resolvable from seismic wave processing including high-frequency P wave backprojections and Love wave directivity analysis. Our analyses indicate that the event ruptured bilaterally on a north-south trending fault over a length of up to 70 km, with rupture speed of ≤ 2 km/s, and a total duration of ~35 s. The estimated stress drop, ~20 MPa, is high, comparable to estimates for other large events in this broad intraplate oceanic deformation zone.
The “Black Sounds” of Ene Mihkelson’s Katkuhaud (‘Plague Grave’) and W. G. Sebald’s Austerlitz . Part I. Foundations

“Foundations” is the first part of a two-part article to be published in Interlitteraria . It gives a brief account of the post-humanistic, foundationless, and traumatic world encountered in Ene Mihkelson’s Katkuhaud (‘Plague Grave’) and W. G. Sebald’s Austerlitz , and continues with more detailed elaborations of the loss of specific foundational ideals, such as their contemporary experience of the failure and limits of language, of sense-making, and memory; the haphazardness of history; the invalidity of compensatory justice, and above all the deletion of their childhood fields of joy and love or of what Panksepp calls their “affective mind.” It prepares for a fuller comparison of Mihkelson and Sebald’s tonality, and their art of valediction and memory in Part two.
Potentials of piezoelectric and thermoelectric technologies for harvesting energy from pavements

Abstract To harness renewable energy in the transportation sector,research on the application of thermoelectric and piezoelectric effects in energy harvesting pavements has progressed significantly over the last few years. This study provides a comprehensive literature review of recent advances in the application of thermoelectric and piezoelectric technologies in pavements to generate electricity. Most studies on the piezoelectric effect application with piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) showed its limitation in the amount of instantaneous electricity output, while a limited number of studies indicated that a pipe system cooperating with a thermoelectric generator (TEG) may produce more electric power, and so has more application potential in energy harvesting pavements. Studies have also indicated that supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries will be needed to appropriately store the electricity generated from pavements. As a case study, the potentials of thermoelectric and piezoelectric technologies were assessed and compared based on the Florida roadway network. Using results from previous studies as well as Florida weather and traffic data, it was estimated that if the entire Florida roadway network was covered by a proposed pipe system (PP-TEG system), it would collect 55 GWh electrical energy per day, while the one covered by a series of PZTs (PZT system) would only generate 4.04 MWh electrical energy per day. Based on the cost effectiveness analysis of the two systems, unless the PZT system is only paved on the roadway section with very high traffic volume, the PP-TEG system is more cost-effective than the PZT system.
Performing presence in the haiku moment

ABSTRACTThis essay examines presence as a performed spatio-temporal relationship. It acknowledges Rose and Coonfield’s recent analysis of presence as an “experience of thisness” before employing haiku as an aesthetic and theoretical lens for navigating the performance of presence. The “haiku moment” signals an effort to reconcile aesthetic representation with direct experience through evocative movement across time and space, a movement that emerges in relation to text, context, and audience. Richard Wright’s posthumously published haiku project, “This Other World,” offers a particularly useful case study that demonstrates presence as intertextual, imaginative, and metonymic.
Does the CATCH Early Childhood Program Increase Physical Activity Among Low-Income Preschoolers?-Results From a Pilot Study.

Purpose:To explore whether the physical activity (PA) component of the Coordinated Approach to Child Health Early Childhood (CATCH EC) program helps increasing preschoolers’ PA during active times ...
Macrolides Versus Azalides: A Drug Interaction Update

Objective:To describe the current drug interaction profiles for all approved and investigational macrolide and azalide antimicrobials, and to comment on the clinical impact of these interactions when appropriate.Data Sources:MEDLINE was searched to identify all pertinent studies, review articles, and case reports from 1975 to 1995. When appropriate information was not available in the literature, data were obtained from the product manufacturers.Study Selection:All available data were reviewed to give an unbiased account of possible drug interactions.Data Extraction:Data for some of the interactions were not available from the literature, but were available from abstracts or from company-supplied materials. Although the data were not always entirely explicative, the best attempt was made to deliver the pertinent information that clinical practitioners would need to formulate practice opinions. When more in-depth information was supplied in the form of a review or study report, a thorough explanation of pe...
A Meta-Analysis of Gender Proportionality Effects on Job Performance:

Critical mass theory and the tokenism hypothesis propose that females’ job performance is adversely affected by perceptions and experiences that stem from females comprising a smaller proportion of...
What’s Under the Big Tent?: A Study of ADHO Conference Abstracts

This study identifies how the flagship Digital Humanities conference has evolved since 2004 and continues to evolve by analyzing the topical, regional, and authorial trends in its presentations. Additionally, we explore the extent to which Digital Humanists live up to the characterization of being diverse, collaborative, and global using the conference as a proxy. Given the increased popularization of “digital humanities” within the last decade, and especially recent successes in popular press and grant initiatives, this study tempers the sometimes utopic rhetoric that appears alongside mentions of the term. Cette etude a pour but de cerner comment la conference phare sur les humanites numeriques a evolue depuis 2004 et continue a evoluer, en analysant les tendances thematiques, regionales et d’auteur dans ses presentations. De plus, nous explorons dans quelle mesure les humanistes numeriques sont a la hauteur de la caracterisation en matiere de diversite, de collaboration et de mondialisation, en utilisant la conference comme intermediaire. Etant donne la vulgarisation croissante des « humanites numeriques » au cours de la derniere decennie, et en particulier les recents succes dans la presse populaire et les initiatives de subvention, cette etude modere la rhetorique parfois utopique qui apparait aux cotes des mentions du terme. Mots-cles: ADHO; authorship; disciplinarite
African-American Mentoring Program (AAMP): Addressing the Cracks in the Graduate Education Pipeline.

In this conceptual article, we focus on mentoring as a strategy to mend the cracks in the education pipeline for African American graduate students. Our article highlights the African American Ment...
Search Engine Optimization: An Analysis of Rhinoplasty Web sites.

The Internet is the primary source of information for facial plastic surgery patients. Most patients only analyze information in the first 10 Web sites retrieved. The aim of this study was to determine factors critical for improving Web site traffic and search engine optimization. A Google search of “rhinoplasty” was performed in Michigan. The first 20 distinct Web sites originating from private sources were included. Private was defined as personal Web sites for private practice physicians. The Web sites were evaluated using SEOquake and WooRANK, publicly available programs that analyze Web sites. Factors examined included the presence of social media, the number of distinct pages on the Web site, the traffic to the Web site, use of keywords, such as rhinoplasty in the heading and meta description, average visit duration, traffic coming from search, bounce rate, and the number of advertisements. Readability and Web site quality were also analyzed using the DISCERN and Health on the Net Foundation code principles. The first 10 Web sites were compared with the latter 10 Web sites using Student's t-tests. The first 10 Web sites received a significantly lower portion of traffic from search engines than the second 10 Web sites. The first 10 Web sites also had significantly fewer tags of the keyword “nose” in the meta description of the Web site. The first 10 Web sites were significantly more reliable according to the DISCERN instrument, scoring an average of 2.42 compared with 2.05 for the second 10 Web sites (p = 0.029). Search engine optimization is critical for facial plastic surgeons as it improves online presence. This may potentially result in increased traffic and an increase in patient visits. However, Web sites that rely too heavily on search engines for traffic are less likely to be in the top 10 search results. Web site curators should maintain a wide focus for obtaining Web site traffic, possibly including advertising and publishing information in third party sources such as “RealSelf.”
6.9 Techniques for Analysis of Peptidoglycans

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the techniques for analysis of peptidoglycans. The backbone of the eubacterial cell wall is peptidoglycan, a structural macromolecule that gives the wall its strength and integrity, and serves as the infrastructure to which a variety of proteins and lipids may be anchored. The basic molecular structure of peptidoglycan is simple and well established. The definitive identification of the structure of each of muropeptides requires mass spectrometry (MS). Further, the chapter discusses peptidoglycan isolation. A typical protocol for isolation of peptidoglycan from Gram-negative bacteria is discussed in the chapter. To isolate peptidoglycan from Gram positive and acid-fast bacteria, the procedure must be varied to inhibit degradation by endogenous autolytic enzymes and to overcome the stability imparted to the wall by accessory proteins. In addition, the chapter explains reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-H PLC).
Neuroanatomical Framework of the Metabolic Control of Reproduction.

A minimum amount of energy is required for basic physiological processes, such as protein biosynthesis, thermoregulation, locomotion, cardiovascular function, and digestion. However, for reproducti...
Creation of a Dual-Purpose Collegiate Athlete Nutrition Advising Program and Educational Curriculum

The intent of this article is to describe the process of creating a dual-purpose athlete nutrition advising program at the collegiate level. The first goal was to help student athletes enhance their performance through optimal fuel and hydration. The second goal was to provide experiential learning for nutrition students. This program provided a platform for nutrition students to gain hands-on experience assessing, monitoring, and educating athletes in relation to nutrition for performance. The implication for practice is based on recent growth and increased interest in the performance nutrition field that drives the need for more formal training programs.
Control of a three phase boost rectifier under unbalanced grid conditions without grid voltage sensors

This paper presents a method for estimating the positive and negative sequence grid voltage under unbalanced grid conditions using simple algebraic and trigonometric identities without dedicated grid voltage sensors in three phase grid connected boost rectifier converter system. The estimated voltages are then used to control the positive and negative sequence currents of the boost rectifier. The estimation method is based on the positive and negative sequence active and reactive power delivered by the converter to the grid. In addition to the estimation of the positive and negative sequence grid voltage, the proposed method also generates an estimate of the frequency information of the grid similar to a conventional PLL structure. Detailed theory and results confirm the feasibility of the proposed scheme.
Feeding Problems in Congenital Hyperinsulinism

Feeding is an essential activity for all children, providing nutrition and maintaining normal glucose levels. In children with congenital hyperinsulinism (HI), feeding difficulties are common, and a significant proportion of infants with HI require feeding support, complicating medical management. It is important to recognize potential causes and mechanisms contributing to feeding problems and address these through sustained multidisciplinary input to improve the long-term well-being of children with HI.
Organic Bio-Electronics: Bridging The Gap Between Natural and Artificial Materials for Bio-Electronics Applications

This paper aims to review current research and advancement in technology in organic bioelectronics and to reinvestigate the relationship between organic bioelectronics materials, properties, and application. A comprehensive literature review on organic bioelectronics and its dependent variables created a theoretical foundation for the paper. Using the review-centric theory, a model was developed and presented to encapsulate highly dynamic interaction of organic bioelectronics, synthetic and natural material sources that can be employed in present innovations and its implications on modern technologies. The model highlights the relationship between organic bioelectronics and its four main drivers namely, synthetic material (Piezoelectric energy harvesters), natural materials (electric organs), application (bio-devices, sensors, nanogenerators) and properties. Limitations to this research include; availability of raw materials in appropriate amounts, problems associated with interfacing natural with synthetic materials, maintenance of bioelectronics devices in living organisms and design methods for a variety of specific devices. The empirical data is limited to 4 dependent variables which do not present a conclusive theory about organic bioelectronics. In this review, we explored the possibility of interfacing synthetic material (PVDF) and a natural material (electric organ of Electrophorus electricus) by reviewing their properties, fabrication methods to create a composite that has application in a variety of bioelectronics devices.
Causes and Management of Root-zone Salinity and Sodicity in the Arid West Texas: Field-scale Experience

Salinity and sodicity of the root-zone in the Rio Grande Project area (RGPA) are serious threats to the long-term viability of the irrigated agriculture. This chapter focuses on causes and management of root-zone salinity and sodicity at the field scale. Available data suggest that salinity and sodicity in many agricultural fields in the region exceed the threshold levels for dominant crops (pima cotton, pecan, and alfalfa) with maximum values reaching as high as 17 dS m−1 and 33 mmol1/2 L−1/2, respectively. Efficacy of different tillage methods to modify seed environment and improve soil permeability to maintain salinity levels below the threshold is discussed. This chapter also evaluates various chemical approaches to correct root-zone sodicity management using irrigation water treatments and soil amendments. The review of results from various field studies suggests that adoption management practices to a large extent depend on profitability of the crop. While low-cost options such as seed environment modification are popular in pima cotton fields, more expensive methods such as tillage practices for profile modification and chemical treatments are used in remunerative crops such as pecans.
Use of fitness-related behavioral endpoints to assess the effects of 17α-ethinylestradiol on a brackish water population of common mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals like the estrogen mimic 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) are released into aquatic environments from various sources and can have pronounced effects on organisms and the he...
Interfacial rheology and direct imaging reveal domain-templated network formation in phospholipid monolayers penetrated by fibrinogen

Phospholipids are found throughout the natural world, including the lung surfactant (LS) layer that reduces pulmonary surface tension and enables breathing. Fibrinogen, a protein involved in the blood clotting process, is implicated in LS inactivation and the progression of disorders such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, the interaction between fibrinogen and LS at the air–water interface is poorly understood. Through a combined microrheological, confocal and epifluorescence microscopy approach we quantify the interfacial shear response and directly image the morphological evolution when a model LS monolayer is penetrated by fibrinogen. When injected into the subphase beneath a monolayer of the phospholipid dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC, the majority component of LS), fibrinogen preferentially penetrates disordered liquid expanded (LE) regions and accumulates on the boundaries between LE DPPC and liquid condensed (LC) DPPC domains. Thus, fibrinogen is line active. Aggregates grow from the LC domain boundaries, ultimately forming a percolating network. This network stiffens the interface compared to pure DPPC and imparts the penetrated monolayer with a viscoelastic character reminiscent of a weak gel. When the DPPC monolayer is initially compressed beyond LE–LC coexistence, stiffening is significantly more modest and the penetrated monolayer retains a viscous-dominated, DPPC-like character.
Caliphate redefined: the mystical turn in Ottoman political thought

This is an important monograph packed with erudite analysis and a wealth of insights about Ottoman state and society, Ottoman political thought, changing conceptualizations of the idea of the calip...
Modeling visitor use on high elevation mountain trails: An example from Longs Peak in Rocky Mountain National Park, USA

Increasing use on mountain summits has both social and ecological implications. High numbers of visitors climbing mountain summits can be a safety issue, particularly in areas where terrain or elevation leads to queueing that may cause time delays. Estimating visitor use levels at site specific locations en route to summits is needed to understand the potential benefits and impacts of visitor use in these locations. However, it can be difficult to obtain reliable and robust data to estimate use and develop statistical relationships because of the remote and harsh climates on mountain summits, as well as the financial and personnel requirements involved to collect the data in remote locations. In 2015, data were collected on the higher stretches of the Keyhole Route on Longs Peak in Rocky Mountain National Park, USA (RMNP) to better understand use levels near the summit and to explore potential statistical relationships to trailhead use data that are relatively easy to collect. Strong statistical relationships from robust regression analyses were found between trailhead use counts and daily and hourly use totals on the “Homestretch” which is a final section of the Keyhole Route. Additionally, a strong statistical relationship was found between total daily use and maximum hourly use on the Homestretch. The results suggest that trailhead counts are an accurate and reliable means from which to estimate use levels on upper portions of the Keyhole route. Moreover, this research demonstrates the usefulness of an approach using proxy variables to estimate visitor use along remote peaks where data collection can be difficult. These types of data can elucidate various options and decisions for park management teams who are charged with deciding if and how to manage high use areas.
Analytical and Computational Modeling of Integral Abutment Bridges Foundation Movement due to Seasonal Temperature Variations

AbstractClassical mechanics theory is used to develop an analytical model for determining pile displacement due to temperature variations, in integral abutment bridges (IABs). The advantage of this...
La belleza del diablo: Moda, mujer y espacio público en Tucumán (1900-1923)

This article explores the representations about the female figure and their relationship with fashion, that the press has constructed and have circulated in circulate in Tucuman during the first decades of the twentieth century, in a context that has been determined by the economic development and modernization of the city. We consider that the local press became an ideal means to make intelligible ideas and values projected on women's aesthetics and bodies. We will analyze the representations that have been disseminated throughout the press about women, their dressing style and behavior. We are especially interested in those cases where clothing became a vehicle of transgressions by acting in a disruptive way against the prevailing generic order.
Palliative and End of Life Care

Palliative and end of life care for older people are terms holding several meanings and varied interpretations across practice disciplines, healthcare systems, cultures, communities, and societies. Therapeutic relationships with older people who are living with life-limiting conditions, as well as those with diagnoses that do not carry a poor prognosis but do impair function and limit daily lifeways, anchor all palliative and end of life care. Nurses and therapists who leverage their distinctive disciplinary and professional approaches to engaging with the person and family aid the older person in achieving care preferences for daily life and end of life. Therapeutic relationships generate trust, creating the possibility of partnership where the older person divulges needs, preferences, and concerns. Such relationships are thus central to effective care. Ideally, nurses and therapists collaborate with the older person and each other to provide integrated and comprehensive expertise, resources, guidance, and education. This chapter highlights applicable theory, defines terms, critiques relevant evidence, and provides a case study from the literature to complement a practice example. Regular reflection on palliative and end of life care experiences, both personally and professionally, allows nurses and therapists to cultivate evolving professional comportment while advancing skill in this domain as they provide care to older people.
Bias in Observed Validity Estimates When Using Multiple Valid Predictors

Simulated data, validity reports and a firefighter predictive validation study are used to examine validity bias created by three common selection problems-range restriction, applicant and incumben...
College Students’ Access to Academic Accommodations Over Time: Evidence of a Matthew Effect in Higher Education

Changes in disability law and professional practice were designed to give individuals with disabilities greater access to protections and services by emphasizing functional limitations and self-reported problems over a formal diagnosis and third-party documentation. It is not known if these changes are associated with increased access to accommodations among college students with disabilities, most of whom struggle academically yet never receive formal support. We examined college students’ access to accommodations as a function of institutional type, selectivity, and cost over time. Although access to accommodations increased from 2.8 to 5.2% over the past 12 years, this change was largely driven by students attending America’s most selective and expensive private institutions. Access to accommodations was significantly lower and remained relatively stable among students attending 2-year public colleges. These findings suggest a Matthew effect in higher education in which students most in need of academic support are increasingly least likely to receive it. We suggest four ways to reduce this access inequality: (1) encourage universal design, (2) facilitate access for students with disabilities from disadvantaged backgrounds, (3) critically evaluate documentation from students without real-world limitations, and (4) insist on evidence of symptom or performance validity before granting accommodations.
Fluxes and Dimers in the Hubbard Model

The Hubbard model is the simplest conceivable example of interacting quantum- mechanical particles — yet it seems to have real world applications. Like the Ising model, it is “merely” a discrete lattice model, but despite four decades of research it is far from being understood rigorously; or even heuristically in many respects. The most amenable and symmetric situation is the “half-filled band”, in which the number of particles equals the number of vertices in the lattice. Two conjectures about the model at half-filling have very recently been proved and are discussed here. The first can be found in [LN] and the second in [LE].
Characterizing trucks for dynamic load prediction

The urgent need to improve the understanding of truck damage to highway pavements has intensified interest in modelling the mechanics of the process. The process is being investigated by simulating trucks and combination vehicles to predict dynamic loads along the roadway in response to road roughness inputs. The dynamic loads are transformed into stresses imposed on the surface of pavement structural models from which the pavement responses and damage can be evaluated. This paper gives an overview of pitch–plane models for trucks and combination vehicles with emphasis on modelling suspension systems and the tyre–road interface. Parameters for characterising the truck population are discussed and presented.
Integrating Truck Emissions Cost in Traffic Assignment

The adverse impacts of greenhouse gasses (GHG) and the imperative for reducing the existing rate of GHG production are well established. In the United States, the largest source of GHG emissions from human activities is from burning fossil fuels, primarily for the generation of electricity and transportation. The transportation sector accounts for 28% of all U.S. GHG production. Heavy-duty vehicles, such as large freight trucks, account for nearly one-fifth of the U.S. total, and this fraction is expected to grow rapidly. Consequently, many efforts are being used to reduce the total emissions of freight trucks. Most efforts emphasize one of four areas: engineering improvements to improve fuel economy or reduce emissions, shifts to other transport modes, improved logistics to reduce the movement of partially full or empty containers, and reduced travel costs for individual trucks. A few studies have assessed modifications to route choice considerations as a means of improving the fuel economy of individual...
Speed of Air Driven Rotors in Gyroscopic Instruments

/ T ~ A H E importance of blind flying instruments -** is now generally accepted and gyroscopic instruments are used very widely in this connection. Although European design has employed electrically driven as well as air driven rotors, it is almost without exception the practice in this country to use the air jet drive which, by virtue of its simplicity in the instrument itself, is very desirable and reliable. The usual arrangement of such a system is to keep the whole inside of the instrument casing at a reduced pressure thus causing the differential pressure between the atmosphere and the reduced pressure in the casing to force air through the jet to impinge on the rotor buckets. The speed at which the rotor is run in these instruments is of great importance. Excessive rotor speed may prove detrimental to the bearings while, if the speed of the rotor drops too far below its normal value, the nutations of the gyroscope begin to be troublesome and the instrument tends to become generally sluggish. It is the purpose in the following simple considerations to develop an expression which will predict the rotor speed at various atmospheric conditions and thus anticipate the performance of the instrument at those conditions for the particular suction value available. The rotor speed will depend on the suction on the instrument and also on the conditions of temperature and pressure in the atmosphere. Then when the rotor is running steadily,
Effects of Subarachnoid Blood and Spasmodic Agents on Cerebral Vasculature

Cerebral arterial spasm, which is an abnormally severe constriction of the larger cerebral arteries, remains a major source of morbidity and mortality in patients who suffer a subarachnoid hemorrhage from the rupture of a cerebral aneurysm, an abnormal outpouching due to a congenital weakness in the wall of one of the larger cerebral arteries at the base of the brain. Deprivation of blood flow, caused by more severe degrees of cerebral arterial spasm, can cause ischemia in a brain that has already been injured by the subarachnoid hemorrhage. In addition, the poor neurological condition of many patients with cerebral arterial spasm often causes delays in the definitive surgical treatment of the aneurysm. With these delays comes the risk of rebleeding before the aneurysm can be obliterated. The successful treatment of cerebral arterial spasm, then, is directed at both the prevention of ischemic neurological deficits and the earlier surgical therapy of the cerebral aneurysm.