cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fetal movement detection: comparison of the Toitu actograph with ultrasound from 20 weeks gestation.

Objective: This study evaluates the validity of Doppler-detected fetal movement by a commercially available monitor and investigates whether characteristics of maternal body habitus and the intrauterine environment affect its performance.Methods: Fetal movement was evaluated in normal pregnancies using both ultrasound visualization and a fetal actocardiograph (Toitu MT320; Tofa Medical Inc., Malvem, PA). Data were collected for 32 min on 34 fetuses stratified by gestational age (20–25 weeks; 28–32 weeks; 35–39 weeks). Fetal and maternal characteristics were recorded. Comparisons between ultrasound-detected trunk and limb movements and actograph records were conducted based both on 10-s time intervals and on detection of individual movements.Results: Time-based comparisons indicated agreement between ultrasound and actograph 94.7% of the time; this association rose to 98% when movements of less than 1 s duration were excluded. Individual movements observed on ultrasound were detected by the actograph 91% o...
>1GHz Optically Excited Vibrations of a Micron-Scale On-Chip Sphere

>1 GHz optically-induced vibrations are demonstrated in an on-chip micron-scaled device in which radiation pressure of a (CW) optical input pushes the structure to mechanically oscillate. Many mechanical eigen-modes are investigated
Tuning of skin immunity by skin commensal bacteria

Evaluation of: Naik S, Bouladoux N, Wilhelm C et al. Compartmentalized control of skin immunity by resident commensals. Science 337, 1115–1119 (2012). Most analyses of commensal microbiota have been directed toward the gut microbiota and its role in the development of the intestinal immune system, and in regulating the immune response at sites distant from the gut, including the joints or CNS. However, very little is known about how other niches of commensal microbiota affect local immunity and whether they are influenced by the gut microbiota. The current paper reveals that skin commensals are required for the development of protective immunity against a cutaneous pathogen. This immune response driven by skin commensals occurs independently of the gut microbiota and is mediated by MyD88 and IL-1 signaling that promotes protective effector T-cell responses.
Movement, Home Range, and Activity Patterns of the Horned Lizard, Phrynosoma mcallii

Abstract Sixty-nine telemetered Phrynosoma mcallii from the Colorado Desert in California were relocated for up to nine months to examine activity patterns, home-range sizes and overlap, distance traveled between relocations, and onset and duration of hibernation. Total area used by the lizards ranged from 651–59,237 m2. Males had significantly larger mean summer home ranges and traveled significantly further than females. The duration of winter dormancy for eight telemetered lizards was 85 ± 8 (mean ± SE) days. Nearly all telemetered lizards were underground by mid-November and emerged as early as late December. Telemetered P. mcallii were out in the open or underneath a shrub throughout the day during spring and fall. They retreated into burrows to escape the midday summer heat. When out in the open, males perched on an elevated surface 19.0% of the time, whereas females perched 4.3%. Telemetered lizards exhibited considerable overlap among their home ranges; males shared 11% of their home ranges with f...
Why the Internet Makes Buying a Car Less Loathsome: How Technologies Change Role Relations

Drawing on ethnographic data collected over a two-year period in two car dealerships, this paper employs role theory and a dramaturgical analysis of sales encounters to show how the internet has ch...
Tolerance time for work in the heat when wearing CBR protective clothing.

A study was undertaken to assess the work capabilities of a soldier wearing partially or totally vapor-impermeable clothing. The standard CBR protective and a new integrated CBR protective suit were evaluated under controlled climatic chamber conditions. The results suggest that, when wearing either of these uniforms (no gross differences were noted between them), soldiers should be heat-acclimatized and physically conditioned if they are to be required to do moderately heavy work for 1 hr, even in a temperate ambient environment. The data also indicated that to test the clothing out-of-doors where solar radiation must be considered, the temperature should be within a range of from 70 deg to 90 deg F and the relative humidity between 30 and 75%. Accordingly, a field trial of the standard CBR protective ensemble, the hot-weather protective ensemble, and the standard (nonprotective) utility uniform was conducted at Fort Lee, Virginia. The results of the field test confirmed the chamber findings as to the advisability of heat-acclimatizing individuals wearing protective clothing, and further defined the limitation that is imposed by the current CBRprotective uniforms. (BBB)
Understanding Analysts' Use and Under-Use of Stock Returns and Other Analysts' Forecasts when Forecasting Earnings

In this study, we examine how analysts are affected by the public actions of investors and other analysts by closely examining how analysts revise their earnings forecasts after an earnings announcement. In particular, we hypothesize that analysts observe the actions of investors and other analysts in order to more accurately forecast earnings and have the expertise to determine when these actions are most informative about future earnings. Consistent with our hypotheses, we find that analysts revise their earnings forecasts more strongly in response to returns and other analysts' revisions when these signals are more informative about future earnings changes. We also find that, consistent with analysts being conservative while facing uncertain information, underreactions are strongest (not weakest) when analysts are responding most strongly to these signals (i.e., when the signals are most informative). Lastly, we find that analysts who are most sensitive to the informativeness of others' actions are relatively more accurate in forecasting earnings, suggesting that the ability to extract information from the actions of others serves as a source of expertise for at least some analysts.
99MTc-diphosphonate bone imaging and uptake in healing rat extraction sockets.

Clinically positive bone scans of the jaws may result from a variety of benign dental conditions. An experimental system for studying radionuclide imaging and uptake in the jaws of rats was developed. Sequential /sup 99m/Tc-diphosphonate bone scans and radionuclide uptake determinations were performed on rats after standardized extractions of their mandibular left first molars. Positive bone scans were seen 4 to 16 days after molar extraction, and increased radionuclide uptake was found in the healing extraction wounds 4 to 42 days after the extraction. Conventional radiography and histology fail to show unusual bony architecture in extraction sockets at such times. These results correlate with clinical findings in patients and suggest that human beings may have positive bone scans for several months after dental extraction.
Characterization of SiGe Epitaxial Films Using Ellipsometry and X-Ray Fluorescence

Ellipsometry in combination with X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is demonstrated as a suitable technique to characterize SiGe thin films (180-800 A) rapidly and nondestructively. Film thickness values extracted from ellipsometry are in agreement with the measurements obtained using other techniques such as TEM, SIMS, and RBS. The measured Ge concentration obtained by direct excitation of X-rays in several SiGe films ranging from 6 to 20 atomic percent, shows good correlation with the values obtained using RBS and SIMS.
Unsteady modes in the flowfield about an airfoil with a horn-ice shape

An experimental investigation was conducted on an NACA 0012 airfoil with a leadingedge horn-ice shape to identify and characterize flowfield unsteadiness related to ice-induced flow separation. This type of iced-airfoil flowfield is dominated by a leading-edge separation bubble, which is associated with several inherent modes of unsteadiness. Using unsteady surface pressure and wake velocity measurements, three distinct modes of unsteadiness were identified at various locations throughout the flowfield. These unsteady modes included a regular mode of vortical motion and a shear-layer flapping mode, which are both associated with separation bubbles. A low-frequency mode was also observed that was associated with the thin-airfoil stall type of the iced airfoil, and was represented by a global oscillation of the airfoil circulation. The characteristic frequencies, convective qualities, and flowfield locations corresponding to these unsteady modes were compared with those reported in the literature for iced-airfoil flowfields and flows about canonical geometries.
Optical Characterization and Process Control of Top Surface Imaging

The use of selectively silylated resists to facilitate top surface imaging offers the potential for nanoscale lithography using both deep ultra violet (DUV) illumination and electron beam techniques. In this process, an exposure-generated crosslinking prevents silicon incorporation from silylating agents. In the non-crosslinked regions, a silylation agent reacts with OH groups in the resist to form silicon-oxygen bonds. During subsequent dry development in an oxygen plasma, the incorporated silicon attracts oxygen to form silicon dioxide, protecting the resist underneath. The adjacent un-silylated resist erodes (develops) anisotropically 25–100 times faster than the silylation-protected resist. The key to this process is the chemical formation of a silylated region at the top of the resist. A challenge associated with the silylation process, however, is lateral swelling of the silylated layer, which can lead to difficult dimensional control. The amount of swelling depends on the amount of incorporated silicon. Therefore, the uniformity and repeatability of the silylation process must be controlled. This paper will describe how spectroscopic ellipsometry has been used to characterize and monitor the resist silylation process in a non-destructive manner. The simultaneous characterization of the thicknesses and optical properties of a series of silylated resists will be presented. Optical metrology of the thickness of the silylated resists will be correlated with SEM cross-sectional analyses, and process uniformity will be quantified using 49-site wafer maps.
ECOLOGICAL HISTORY AND EVOLUTION IN A NOVEL ENVIRONMENT: HABITAT HETEROGENEITY AND INSECT ADAPTATION TO A NEW HOST PLANT.

Environmental heterogeneity has often been implicated in the maintenance of genetic variation. However, previous research has not considered how environmental heterogeneity might affect the rate of adaptation to a novel environment. In this study, I used an insect-plant system to test the hypothesis that heterogeneous environments maintain more genetic variation in fitness components in a novel environment than do uniform environments. To manipulate recent ecological history, replicate populations of the dipteran leafminer Liriomyza trifolii were maintained for 20 generations in one of three treatments: a heterogeneous environment that contained five species of host plant, and two uniform environments that contained either a susceptible chrysanthemum or tomato. The hypothesis that greater genetic variance for survivorship and developmental time on a new host plant (a leafminer-resistant chrysanthemum) would be maintained in the heterogeneous treatment relative to the uniform environments was then tested with a sib-analysis and a natural selection experiment. Populations from the heterogeneous host plant treatment had no greater genetic variance in either larval survivorship or developmental time on the new host than did populations from either of the other treatments. Moreover, the rate of adaptation to the new host did not differ between the ecological history treatments, although the populations from the uniform chrysanthemum treatment had higher mean survivorship throughout the selection experiment. The estimates of the heritability of larval survivorship from the sib-analysis and selection experiment were quite similar. These results imply that ecologically realistic levels of environmental heterogeneity will not necessarily maintain more genetic variance than uniform environments when traits expressed in a particular novel environment are considered.
Coupled Dipole Description of Random Near Fields

We report coupled dipole calculations of near field responses from optically inhomogeneous media. The results are validated by measurements preformed in different statistical regimes.
Simultaneous determination of 10 kinds of halogenated organic volatiles with headspace gas chromatography in water

[Objective]To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 10 kinds of volatile halogenated compounds with headspace-gas chromatography(HS-GC) in water.[Methods]After separation of in water by CP-Sil 5CB capillarity column,10 kinds of organic compounds were detected quantitatively by electron capture detector(ECD).[Results]The correlation coefficient of 10 kinds of organic compounds was 0.999 1-0.999 9,the average recovery was 89.3%-105%(n=6),the RSD was 1.5%-5.5%,and the minimum detectable concentration was 0.30-20.16 μg/L.[Conclusion]The method is simple,rapid,accurate and sensitive,and it is suitable for the determination of halogenated organic compounds in water.
Utility of postmortem magnetic resonance imaging in clinical neuropathology

Over 200 brains were examined by postmortem magnetic resonance imaging to determine the utility of this imaging procedure as an adjunct to the standard postmortem examination of the brain and spinal cord. One unembalmed cadaver was also studied using a conventional 1.5-tesla (T) field-strength unit, and three formalin-fixed sections of the hippocampus were imaged using a high field-strength (7.0-T) prototype imaging system. The postmortem magnetic resonance images proved to be an invaluable aid that complemented the standard pathologic examination of the brain and spinal cord. The compelling advantages of this postmortem radiographic procedure included the three-dimensional aspects of the images; the ability to detect mineral (ie, iron) deposits; small focal lesions such as hemorrhages or infarcts; and the ability to evaluate the extent of cerebral edema. For the same reasons, as well as its archival potential for documenting the topographic distribution of pathologic processes, this technique has great promise for forensic cases. High field-strength (7.0-T) imaging brought the resolution of magnetic resonance to the microscopic level and reaffirmed the potential value of magnetic resonance imaging for diagnostic and investigative studies in which both the histologic and fine radiologic features of lesions are of interest.
The metabolic evaluation of patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis: a review of comprehensive and simplified approaches.

AbstractThe advent of percutaneous nephrostolithotomy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has definitely altered the way in which symptomatic renal calculi are approached. However, these new techniques should not affect the need for appropriate diagnostic evaluation and institution of medical treatment for the prevention of recurrent nephrolithiasis. A diagnostic evaluation should identify underlying physiological and environmental defects responsible for stone formation, as well as identify specific medical disorders that cause recurrent stone formation. With this information one then can construct an appropriate treatment program that will prevent the occurrence of additional calculi.Comprehensive metabolic protocols have evolved from tedious inpatient procedures to more convenient outpatient tests that can be performed in approximately 2 weeks. In addition, the advent of automated urinalysis packages has allowed many physicians access to reliable, sophisticated technology. Further dissemination o...
Unusual lesions and their management

Treatment of a breast lesion should never be undertaken without a precise histologic diagnosis, which means careful examination of multiple sections of tissue embeddeq in paraffin and appropriately stained. The author describes the clinical and histologic features of lobular and medullary cancers; cystosarcoma phylloides; carcinosarcoma; Paget’s disease; adenoid cystic carcinoma; mucinous, tubular, and papillary cancers; and other unusual lesions that can originate elsewhere in the body. For each, treatment suggestions are offered.
Use of Research-Based Instructional Strategies in Core Chemical Engineering Courses.

Traditional lecturing remains the most prevalent mode of instruction despite overwhelming research showing the increased effectiveness of many alternate instructional strategies. This study examines chemical engineering instructors’ awareness and use of 12 such instructional strategies. The study also examines how chemical engineering instructors hear about new teaching methods, factors that correlate with their awareness and use of these methods, and instructors’ self-identified barriers to adoption and continued use of new teaching methods.
Conclusion: The Politics and Poetics of Wood — Labouring-Class Poetry in the Victorian Era

For Cowper, the venerable but decrepit Oak memorialized in his poem provides a vehicle for him to reflect upon the organic cycles of germination, growth and decay. The Oak symbolizes how nature endures beyond human temporality, and, at the same time, how all of creation is subject to the degradations of time. In his address to the tree, the poet acknowledges how their lives are and are not comparable. The tree has witnessed an historical past that the poet can only imagine, but the poet’s devout Christian faith offers him another avenue towards eternity. Cowper’s poem exploits much of the rich and deep symbolism of trees, including their function as figures for the nation. Writing his poem after the American and the French Revolutions had altered British imperial hegemony, the poet ensures that we read the oak as an image of Britain, ‘hollow and misshapen, but with its roots intact’.2
Copepod, Ctenophore, and Schyphomedusae Control in Structuring the Chesapeake Bay Summer Mesohaline Planktonic Food Web

The Chesapeake Bay has undergone substantial cultural eutrophication for the past century, leading to elevated nutrient loads and accompanying phytoplankton response. High winter-spring flow and nutrient loading leads to elevated spring diatom biomass (bottom up control). In the summer, however, bottom up control of mesohaline plankton dynamics is difficult to identify, while top-down control, from jellyfish on ctenophores, ctenophores on the copepod Acartia tonsa, and A. tonsa control of rotifers and ciliates, is apparent. Using a long-term data set (1987–2002), predator abundances that appear to control their primary prey have been identified for mesohaline Chesapeake Bay and tributary stations. It appears that Acartia tonsa at >5–8 L−1 exerts substantial grazing pressure on rotifers and ciliates, ~10–20 mL ctenophore m−3 limit A. tonsa densities, and >0.05 jellyfish m−3 control ctenophores. Expected bottom up control of the plankton community below these thresholds could not be identified, however, suggesting multiple physical, chemical, and biological limits might be interacting in space and time to prevent elucidation of the bottom up system drivers of plankton dynamics.
Challenges in Evaluating Sleep Disturbances in Patients with Hand and Upper Extremity Disease.

Challenges in Evaluating Sleep Disturbances in Patients with Hand and Upper Extremity Disease
Flexible sigmoidoscopy in the randomized prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial: Colorectal cancer survival by trial arm.

1549Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. The results of the randomized Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, ...
The Fabric of Space and Time

Einstein’s special theory of relativity was a great breakthrough in our understanding of the physical world, but it presented a problem: it was incompatible with Newton’s law of gravitation. Newton himself, and some ten generations of physicists and astronomers that followed, used this law to describe the motion of planets with remarkable accuracy. Granted, there was a tiny discrepancy in the calculated precession rate of the orbit of Mercury, but it did not seem to be a cause for concern. After all, theories seldom agree with all the data at any given time. Some of the data may simply be wrong and some discrepancies are later explained away with more careful theoretical analysis. Thus, Newton’s theory appeared rock solid. However, it did not fit into the framework of special relativity.
Relaxation due to Verbal Suggestion: A Psychophysiological Study

Verbal aspects of relaxation training procedures were evaluated for their effects on physiological arousal. Three groups (N = 10 each) of normal Ss participated in 5 experimental sequences consisting of a 1-min. period of mental arithmetic followed by a 2-min. recovery period. During recovery periods the relaxation group (R) received suggestions to feel relaxed, while comparison groups either received messages irrelevant to relaxation or rested in silence. Electrodermal indices of physiological arousal revealed significantly lower scores for group R during recovery periods. The results support the hypothesis that suggestion is an active ingredient in relaxation training. Implications for suggestive-related placebo and expectancy effects are discussed.
Gut with the Program: Direct Reprogramming toward Intestinal Epithelium Realized

Intestinal organoids offer great promise for modeling intestinal diseases; however, harvesting intestinal tissue is invasive and directed hPSC differentiation protocols are laborious and costly. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Miura and Suzuki (2017) describe the direct conversion of somatic cells from both mice and humans into robust intestinal epithelial tissue.
When Mom-and-Pops Differ From Chains: How Perceptions of Moral Authenticity Offer Market Advantage

The primary objective of this paper is to provide a firmer theoretical and empirical foundation for the idea that small organizations (and retailers in particular) may enjoy a morality-based compet...
Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers and Their use for 2D and 3D Imaging

Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (cMUTs) have proven to have remarkable features such as wide bandwidth and high sensitivity allowing the implementation of systems with wide dynamic range. This paper will review the theory and implementation of CMUTs that enable performance that is superior to piezoelectric transducers. In particular, the paper will discuss one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, broad frequency of operation (10 kHz to 50 MHz), and high coupling coefficient (k T 2 value as high as 0.85), and the use of these arrays in imaging applications.
The Anatomical Basis for Cardiac Rhythm and Conduction

Proper understanding in most biological sciences requires equal appreciation of both structure and function. The heartbeat, for example, originates and passes through anatomically specialized tissues. In this chapter we deal with the anatomy of that tissue. Although it is popular today to think that meaningful anatomy deals predominantly or exclusively with electron microscopic findings, one can understand fine structure best only from an entree via cytological and even gross anatomy. Put another way, one must know the location and relationships of a cell within a tissue, including the similarity or heterogeneity of neighboring cells, in order to understand how the tissue (not just one of its myriad constituents) will function. This is particularly true of the cardiac conduction system.
The Coordinated Biology and Signaling Partners of Ral G-Proteins

The Ras-like (Ral) guanyl nucleotide-binding proteins, RALA and RALB, are highly similar proteins, which occupy sometimes overlapping, convergent, or divergent roles in regulating distinct biological processes. As downstream signaling partners of oncogenic Ras, these two proteins have been described to be hyper-activated in tumors to support aberrant biology during oncogenic transformation. To regulate a varied collection of normal and oncogenic biological processes, Ral G-proteins engage with six upstream RalGEF proteins, two upstream RalGAP complexes, and at least five distinct downstream effector pathways. Further specification of Ral signaling activity is ascribed to distinct posttranslational modifications of RALA, RALB, their upstream regulators, and their effectors. Emerging signaling paradigms within Ral signaling networks provide important insight into the signaling architectures exhibited by not only Ral G-proteins but also the wider range of Ras superfamily small G-proteins as well.
Electrokinetic Lift of a Sphere Moving in Slow Shear Flow Parallel to a Wall: II. Theory

Abstract Any flow in the counterion cloud next to a charged interface causes convection of charge. Conservation of charge requires a streaming potential which exerts an electrical stress on the interface. For a sphere moving near a plane wall, the net electrokinetic force that is produced can be significant at separations equal to many Debye lengths and is always repulsive, regardless of the relative sign of charge on each of the two surfaces. The electrokinetic lift on a sphere, freely rotating and translating in linear shear flow along a plane wall, was calculated numericaly assuming that the zeta potentials of the sphere and the plate are equal and that the Debye length is sufficiently small that the space charge density is not perturbed by flow. Compared to earlier models [S. G. Bike and D. C. Prieve, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 136, 95 (1990)], we have relaxed the lubrication approximation and have accounted more fully for the hydrodynamics, including rotation as well as translation. Although the predictions are in qualitative agreement with all of the experimental observations in Part I, the magnitude of the predictions is too weak to produce the effects observed. We suspect that the Debye length in our experiments is not small enough to allow the perturbation of the counterion cloud caused by flow to be neglected.
Cross market modeling for query-entity matching

Given a query, the query-entity (QE) matching task involves identifying the best matching entity for the query. When modeling this task as a binary classification problem, two issues arise: (1) features in specific global markets (like de-at: German users in Austria) are quite sparse compared to other markets like en-us, and (2) training data is expensive to obtain in multiple markets and hence limited. Can we leverage some form of cross market data/features for effective query-entity matching in sparse markets? Our solution consists of three main modules: (1) Cross Market Training Data Leverage (CMTDL) (2) Cross Market Feature Leverage (CMFL), and (3) Cross Market Output Data Leverage (CMODL). Each of these parts perform "signal" sharing at different points during the classification process. Using a combination of these strategies, we show significant improvements in query-impression weighted coverage for the query-entity matching task.
Mosaic of care: Preschool children’s caring expressions and enactments:

Children engage in a multitude of reciprocal relationships of care within Early Childhood Care and Education settings; they act as both care-receivers and care-givers. In order to better understand...
Synthesizing Stilbene by Olefin Metathesis Reaction Using Guided Inquiry To Compare and Contrast Wittig and Metathesis Methodologies

In this experiment, students are asked to conduct a catalytic cross-metathesis experiment and compare this reaction to the Wittig reaction within the confines of green chemistry. Students synthesize stilbene from styrene using Grubbs second-generation catalyst. Products can be minimally characterized by IR spectroscopy and melting point, but using 1H NMR spectroscopy is preferred. Students find that the Wittig reaction is selective for cis-stilbene while the metathesis reaction produces >98% trans-stilbene. Students determine the cis/trans selectivity, turnover number, and maximum turnover frequency of the reaction. The experiment is conducted alongside the synthesis of stilbene using Wittig chemistry from a published procedure.
Health Care and Precision Medicine Research: Analysis of a Scalable Data Science Platform.

Background: Health care data are increasing in volume and complexity. Storing and analyzing these data to implement precision medicine initiatives and data-driven research has exceeded the capabilities of traditional computer systems. Modern big data platforms must be adapted to the specific demands of health care and designed for scalability and growth. Objective: The objectives of our study were to (1) demonstrate the implementation of a data science platform built on open source technology within a large, academic health care system and (2) describe 2 computational health care applications built on such a platform. Methods: We deployed a data science platform based on several open source technologies to support real-time, big data workloads. We developed data-acquisition workflows for Apache Storm and NiFi in Java and Python to capture patient monitoring and laboratory data for downstream analytics. Results: Emerging data management approaches, along with open source technologies such as Hadoop, can be used to create integrated data lakes to store large, real-time datasets. This infrastructure also provides a robust analytics platform where health care and biomedical research data can be analyzed in near real time for precision medicine and computational health care use cases. Conclusions: The implementation and use of integrated data science platforms offer organizations the opportunity to combine traditional datasets, including data from the electronic health record, with emerging big data sources, such as continuous patient monitoring and real-time laboratory results. These platforms can enable cost-effective and scalable analytics for the information that will be key to the delivery of precision medicine initiatives. Organizations that can take advantage of the technical advances found in data science platforms will have the opportunity to provide comprehensive access to health care data for computational health care and precision medicine research.
Novel Deep Learning Model with CNN and Bi-Directional LSTM for Improved Stock Market Index Prediction

Predicting variations in stock price index has been an important application area of machine learning research. Due to the non-linear and complex nature of the stock market making predictions on stock price index is a challenging and non-trivial task. Deep learning approaches have become an important method in modeling complex relationships in temporal data. In this paper: (i) we propose a novel deep learning model that combines multiple pipelines of convolutional neural network and bi-directional long short term memory units. (ii) Proposed model improves prediction performance by 9% upon single pipeline deep learning model and by over a factor of six upon support vector machine regressor model on S&P 500 grand challenge dataset. (iii) We illustrate the improvement in prediction accuracy while minimizing the effects of overfitting by presenting several variations of multiple and single pipeline deep learning models based on different CNN kernel sizes and number of bi-directional LSTM units.
Adaptation and Fitness Graphs

Understanding evolutionary processes is important in the study of medicine and agriculture. In many instances, the underlying cause for novel pathogens, pests, and antimicrobial drug resistance are complex evolutionary processes. Such processes may initially go unnoticed if the first mutations have moderate effects. However, the end result may be a radically altered organism. DNA sequencing and other laboratory techniques provide detailed information on systems involving several mutations and complex gene interactions. Making sense of such data is an important challenge in modern biology. Recent discrete approaches, including graphs and polytopes, have proved useful. The main focus of this chapter is fitness graphs, an elementary and yet effective approach to complex biological systems.
R-BEAM versus Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Regimens in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Relapsed Refractory Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma.

Abstract Allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloSCT) is considered in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients with chemorefractory disease or who have relapsed after autologous SCT. Here we present the first report of alloSCT using the R-BEAM (rituximab, carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan) conditioning regimen in DLBCL patients. We retrospectively compared long-term alloSCT outcomes of DLBCL patients who received either R-BEAM (n = 47) or reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens (n = 23). Seventy patients (median age, 53 years) with DLBCL received alloSCT between January 2005 and December 2017. The median number of pretransplant therapies was 3, and 17 patients (24%) received prior autologous SCT. All received rituximab as a frontline or salvage therapy before alloSCT. The donor was unrelated in 42 patients (60%), and peripheral blood stem cells were commonly used (96%). The 6-month cumulative incidence of grades III to IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was 36.2% and 8.7% for R-BEAM and RIC, respectively (P = .03). Median follow-up of surviving patients after R-BEAM and RIC was 3.1 and 5.5 years, respectively. Three-year overall survival (OS) after R-BEAM and RIC was 34.4% and 43.4%, respectively (P = .48). At 3 years, R-BEAM was associated with a similar relapse rate (25.5% versus 26.1%, P = .96), nonrelapse mortality (NRM; 39.7% versus 39.1%, P = .98), and relapse-free survival (RFS; 34.8% versus 34.7%, P = .75) compared with RIC. In multivariable analysis lower Karnofsky performance score was associated with lower OS (hazard ratio, .96; P = .05), whereas chemorefractory disease was associated with a higher relapse risk (hazard ratio, 8.8; P = .04). No difference in OS, relapse, NRM, or RFS was noticed between R-BEAM and RIC. R-BEAM regimen seems to be feasible and results in equivalent rates of long-term OS, relapse, NRM, and RFS compared with RIC. However, a significantly higher rate of severe acute GVHD was noticed.
Anisotropic generalization of isotropic models via hypergeometric equation

We study Einstein’s field equations to describe static spherically symmetric relativistic compact objects with anisotropic matter distribution, and generate two classes of exact solutions by choosing a generalized form for one of the gravitational potentials and a particular form for the measure of anisotropy. This is achieved by transforming the Einstein’s field equation to a hypergeometric equation. The generated models generalize the isotropic models of Durgapal–Bannerji, Tikekar and Vaidya–Tikekar. The physical viability of the model is examined and compared with observational results of strange star candidates.
Dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons regulate behavior on multiple timescales

Abstract Most of the serotonin in the forebrain derives from axonal projections from dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons. We review electrophysiological studies of the activity of these neurons, focusing on serotonergic function across timescales. We discuss how these measurements help reconcile decades of work aimed at developing theories for serotonin's function in the brain. Finally, we propose a synthesis of multiple theories that casts serotonergic function as a modulator of stability.
Evaluation of Acetaminophen Release from Biodegradable Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) (PVA) and Nanocellulose Films Using a Multiphase Release Mechanism.

Biodegradable polymers hold great therapeutic value, especially through the addition of additives for controlled drug release. Nanocellulose has shown promise in drug delivery, yet usually requires chemical crosslinking with harsh acids and solvents. Nanocellulose fibrils (NFCs) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidized nanocellulose fibrils (TNFCs) with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) could be aqueously formulated to control the release of model drug acetaminophen over 144 h. The release was evaluated with a multiphase release mechanism to determine which mechanism(s) contribute to the overall release and to what degree. Doing so indicated that the TNFCs in PVA control the release of acetaminophen more than NFCs in PVA. Modeling showed that this release was mostly due to burst release—drug coming off the immediate surface, rather than diffusing out of the matrix.
Release of Ions or Molecules from Dental Restorations

The release of certain ions or molecules from restorative materials may be beneficial to the surrounding tissues. For example, the release of fluoride ions from a restoration may help prevent the formation of recurrent caries. The amount and rate of such ion release are important factors in determining the efficacy and longevity of the materials. Materials with slow but sustained release are naturally preferable. In this chapter, we again apply numerical and analytical methods to look at how the material-dependent release rate constant and partition coefficient combine to determine the overall rate of leaching.
The Relativity Apocalypse is Nigh

By all rights, Prosper Weil's 1983 cri de coeur should be one of many best-forgotten law review articles. It targets, after all, concepts that few dispute today (namely jus cogens and erga omnes obligations, as well as shortcuts to finding universally applicable customary law based on “quasi-universal” treaties). Its other direct target—the distinction between international crimes and delicts—refers to once contentious debates over whether states can be charged with ordinary international delicts as well as international crimes. This has since been eclipsed by the International Law Commission's (ILC's) decision to include, in its Articles of State Responsibility, Article 41 (enumerating the consequences of “serious breaches” resulting from the violation of preemptory norms). And insofar as Weil's foil was the premise that international “delicts” can have a “variable geometry,” that too has been overtaken by events: neither the ILC's turn to “serious breaches” nor the far older proposition that individuals can be prosecuted for international crimes remains the subject of much controversy today.
A Data-driven Approach for Turbulence Modeling

Data-driven turbulence modeling is a newly emerged research area in thermal hydraulics simulation of nuclear power plant (NPP). The most common CFD method used in NPP thermal hydraulics simulation is Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method, which still has acknowledged deficiencies not only in the calculation speed but also in the complexity of choosing turbulence model and parameters for different flow patterns. Data-driven turbulence modeling aims to develop a RANS-based method which not only computationally efficient but also applicable to different flow patterns. To achieve this goal, the first step is to develop an approach to properly perform RANS for selected flow patterns. In this work, a machine learning approach is selected to achieve this goal. The main purpose of this study is to perform a data-driven approach to model turbulence Reynolds stress leveraging the potential of massive direct numerical simulation (DNS) data. The approach is validated by a turbulence flow validation case: a parallel plane quasi-steady state turbulence flow case. The work contains three parts. The first part is database preparation. In this step, turbulence properties (Reynolds stress) are extracted from DNS results, which are considered as "physically correct data". Meanwhile, flow features are extracted from RANS results, which are considered as "data to be corrected". The second part is surrogate model establishment. In this step, a data-driven regression function is trained between flow features and turbulence properties obtained from the previous step. The last part is model validation, which is applying trained data-driven regression function to a test case to validate this approach.
Capitalizing on cross-language similarities in intervention with bilingual children.

Abstract Purpose This study examined the effects of a vocabulary intervention for bilingual children that was conducted in children’s first language, Spanish, and included explicit instruction on cognates. We measured effects in terms of change from pre- to post-intervention in Spanish as well as associations with the non-target language, English. Method Participants were 12 Spanish-English bilingual children, aged 6–8 years, with and without Developmental Language Disorder. Children completed the intervention in pairs (one child with DLD and a typically developing peer) for 70-minute sessions, 3 days a week, for four weeks. Intervention targeted 32 words (16 cognates, 16 non-cognates) using four storybooks (8 words/book) and interactive activities that highlighted similarities across languages. Pre- and post-intervention measures in Spanish and English included tasks of word definition and cognate facilitation. Results As a group, children showed improvement in definition quality and cognate naming in Spanish. There was a positive correlation between definition quality and cognate naming for the typically developing children, but not for the children with DLD. All children showed positive cross-language correlations on post-intervention measures. Conclusions Bilingual children, with and without DLD, have the capacity to improve in their awareness and use of cognates. Explicit teaching of cognates can be an effective tool for building vocabulary skills. Children with DLD may need additional time and support to apply their knowledge of cognates to vocabulary learning.
Unintentional weight loss: what radiologists need to know and what clinicians want to know

Unintentional weight loss (UWL) is a common presenting symptom with a wide differential diagnosis. Causes may be organic (e.g., malignancy or gastrointestinal disease) or inorganic (e.g., psychosocial). The purpose of this review is to provide a guide for radiologists and other clinicians to understand the imaging modalities and laboratory studies involved in the diagnosis and treatment of UWL and the evidence supporting their routine use. Cases illustrating both common and uncommon causes of UWL are presented to emphasize both the breadth of pathology that may cause UWL as well as the importance of a multi-modality diagnostic approach. Imaging studies are crucial in the diagnosis of unintentional weight loss, particularly with regard to evaluating for the presence of malignancy. It is important for both the radiologist and other clinicians to understand the relative prevalence of the various causes of UWL and the utility of different imaging modalities in diagnosis and management.
Is housing the business cycle? Evidence from US cities

Abstract In a recent paper, Leamer (2007) identified housing as an important precursor of the national business cycle. Previous work, on the other hand, has shown that regional cycles may not be synchronous with the aggregate cycle. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between housing and the business cycle at the MSA-level for a set of 51 US cities. We find that declines in house prices are often not followed by declines in that city’s employment. While the growth rates in housing variables appeared to slow ahead of city-level peaks, we find no consistent statistical relationship suggesting a city’s permits or prices influences its business cycle. In fact, we find that national permits are a better leading indicator for a city’s employment than a city’s own permits. This suggest the possibility that housing is merely a proxy for other consumption or wealth indicators.
Increasing electron donor concentration does not accelerate complete microbial reductive dechlorination in contaminated sediment with native organic carbon

Experiments with Fe(III)-rich, chloroethene-contaminated sediment demonstrated that trichloroethylene (TCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) were completely reduced to ethene regardless of whether electron donor(s) were added at 1 × stoichiometry or 10 × stoichiometry relative to all-electron acceptors. Unamended controls uniformly reduced TCE to ethene with a mean time to complete dechlorination (operationally defined as the presence of stoichiometric ethene production) of 79 days. Adding 1 × and 10 × acetate hindered the rate and extent of TCE and VC reduction relative to unamended controls, with several only partially reduced when the experiments were terminated. Adding high molecular mass (soybean oil derivative) substrates did not increase microbial reductive dechlorination relative to unamended incubations, and in many cases, hindered microbial dechlorination in favor of methanogenesis. The mean time to complete dechlorination was comparable between low (× 1) and high (× 10) electron donor concentration for all lipid-based electron donors tested. Those tested included Newman Zone® Standard without sodium lactate (96 vs. 75 days, respectively), CAP 18 ME (85 vs. 94 days, respectively), EOS 598B42 (68 vs. 72 days, respectively), and acetate (134 vs. 125 days, respectively). These data suggest that the addition of an electron donor does not always increase the rate and extent of reductive dechlorination but will increase costs. In particular, increasing the concentration of electron donors higher than the stoichiometric demand only decreased complete microbial reductive dechlorination, which is the opposite of most standard “more time and more electrons” approaches. These data argue that site-specific electron donor demands must be evaluated, and in some cases, a monitored natural attenuation (MNA) approach is most favorable.
Cryogenic Characterization and Modeling of Silicon IGBT for Hybrid Aircraft Application

Cryogenic operation of power electronic converters promises higher density, better efficiency, lower thermal management requirement and higher reliability. However, the wide variation in power semiconductor device performance at deep cryogenic temperatures might cause catastrophic failure if not considered accordingly during the design phase. The work presented in this paper explores a simple cryogenic characterization method for insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBT). In addition, an open access physics-based IGBT compact model has been modified with cryo-compatible temperature scaling equations in order to investigate the merit of the chosen device in a power electronic system. A commercial field stop trench IGBT (50A/650V) has been used for the electrical characterization. Furthermore, additional complicated converter circuits (e.g. a buck converter and a 5-level modular multilevel inverter) has been simulated, and loss calculation has been conducted to provide a means for designers to select best devices for appropriate low temperature applications.
Representing rectangular jet dynamics through azimuthal Fourier modes

Rectangular propulsion nozzles have advantages over circular nozzles, including easier thrust-vectoring and air-frame-integration. Jet noise is easier to study with circular jets (CJ), however, due to azimuthal homogeneity, which, together with low-rank acoustic dynamics enables simpler acoustic models. Using Large Eddy Simulations of rectangular jets (RJ) of various aspect ratios we show that acoustic fluctuation components exhibit comparably rapid convergence in azimuthal Fourier space even for high aspect ratios. A reduced-order model for RJ that retains near-field acoustic asymmetry can be constructed using only three leading azimuthal modes, but with two additional terms relative to CJ.