cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Taking a critical pedagogical look at travel-study abroad: A classroom with a view in Cusco, Peru

The importance of preparing students for citizenship in a global society is well recognized in teaching sociology. Although options have emerged to facilitate such pedagogical experiences, few concentrate on maximizing students' experiences in non-English-speaking nations. How can we help sociology students get the most out of an experience in a foreign language society if they do not speak the language? I propose a critical pedagogical approach to travel-study abroad by presenting a case study of a unique three-week intensive class taught in Cusco, Peru. Following Kaufman's (2002) four-point model of critical pedagogy, I recommend that understanding, reflecting, analyzing, and engaging in social action can help structure the application of critical pedagogy to travel-study abroad in sociology. My research suggests benefits of such an approach, including working with a native educational institution, pairing sociology and Spanish students, and using home-stay families as informal teachers. I conclude by o...
Building a better butterfly: the multiplexed metabutterfly

Multistage networks are important in a wide variety of applications. Expander-based networks, such as multibutterflies, are a tremendous improvement over traditional butterflies in both fault and congestion tolerance. However, multibutterflies cost at least twice as much in chips and wiring as butterflies. It is also impossible to build large multibutterflies due to their wiring complexity. We show that we can build an expander-based network that has comparable cost to a butterfly with the same number of endpoints, yet has substantially better fault and congestion performance. Specifically, we introduce a hierarchical construction that dramatically reduces wiring complexity and makes large expanders buildable. We are able to exploit the hierarchical structure to find large numbers of logical wires to multiplex over a smaller number of physical wires. Since many of the wires in an expander-based network are used to provide alternate paths, not useful bandwidth, substantial multiplexing can be done without significantly degrading performance. We present simulation results to support our conclusions. In comparing a butterfly with the comparable 2-to-1 multiplexed metabutterfly, we found that the metabutterfly performed better by nearly a factor of two on random traffic and greater than a factor five on worst-case traffic. >
Simplification of unstructured tetrahedral meshes by point sampling

Tetrahedral meshes are widely used in scientific computing for representing three-dimensional scalar, vector, and tensor fields. The size and complexity of some of these meshes can limit the performance of many visualization algorithms, making it hard to achieve interactive visualization. The use of simplified models is one way to enable the real-time exploration of these datasets. In this paper, we propose a novel technique for simplifying large unstructured meshes. Most current techniques simplify the geometry of the mesh using edge collapses. Our technique simplifies an underlying scalar field directly by segmenting the original scalar field into two pieces: the boundary of the original domain and the interior samples of the scalar field. We then simplify each piece separately, taking into account proper error bounds. Finally, we combine the simplified domain boundary and scalar field into a complete, simplified mesh that can be visualized with standard unstructured-data visualization tools. Our technique is much faster than edge-collapse-based simplification approaches. Furthermore, it is particularly suitable for aggressive simplification. Experiments show that isosurfaces and volume renderings of meshes produced by our technique have few noticeable visual artifacts.
An ETO Thyristor and Modular H-bridge PWM Converter-based 4.5MVA STATCOM: 480V/500A Transformerless Grid-Connected Experimentation

Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), providing quick and robust voltage support, is an "enabling infrastructure technology" for the electric power system today. Based on the emerging emitter turn-off (ETO) thyristor and cascaded-multilevel converter (CMC) comprising modular H-bridge voltage source converters (VSCs), a 4.5MVA prototype STATCOM system is developed. In this paper, the 480V/500A transformerless grid-connected experimentation of the STATCOM prototype is presented. The system design with emphasis on the passive component selection and digital controller is described. An AC-side energization and de-energization method of the STATCOM is proposed and experimentally verified. The experimental results of steady-state and dynamic performance, as well as the DC bus voltage balancing, are shown. The system loss and cooling performance are given. Through such experimentation, the prospect of a state-of-the-art STATCOM system with high performance and low cost is demonstrated.
Nanotechnology: A Descriptive Account

It is Richard Feynman who inspired the theoretical and applied scientists to concentrate on nanotechnology with his famous lecture: “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” (1959). In particular he pointed out a direction which no one has probed until that time: image and manipulate atoms and molecules and fabricate structures and devices atom by atom and molecule by molecule (Liu 2009).
Lysophosphatidylcholine Stimulates Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Gene Expression in Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells

Objective— Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 is a proatherogenic factor that is responsible for ≈60% of plaque macrophages in mouse models of atherosclerosis. We investigated whether lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), enriched in oxidized low density lipoprotein, can modulate the expression of MCP-1 in arterial wall cells. Methods and Results— LPC induced a 3-fold increase in MCP-1 mRNA in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Nuclear runon analysis showed that this increase was attributable to increased MCP-1 gene transcription. There was a 2-fold increase in MCP-1 protein in the conditioned media of cells treated with LPC. LPC-associated increases of MCP-1 mRNA and protein were similar to those produced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB, a known inducer of MCP-1. Analyses of the MCP-1 promoter in transiently transfected VSMCs indicated an LPC-responsive element(s) between base pairs −146 and −261 (relative to transcription initiation). Further studies suggested that LPC-induced MCP-1 expression partially involves mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal–regulated kinase, a tyrosine kinase(s), and (to a lesser extent) protein kinase C but not the activation of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor. Conclusions— LPC stimulates MCP-1 expression at the transcriptional level in VSMCs, suggesting a molecular mechanism by which LPC contributes to the atherogenicity of oxidized low density lipoprotein.
Feeling the pain of my people: Hurricane Katrina, racial inequality, and the psyche of black America

In late August of 2005, Hurricane Katrina ripped through the U.S. Gulf Coast region causing a subsequent cycle of evacuation, relocation, and rebuilding. The storm exposed in its wake vast racial and class differences in how the hurricane and its aftermath affected individual citizens. Using two public opinion polls conducted immediately after Katrina, the authors demonstrate that African Americans in this country were much more likely than Whites to experience feelings of anger and depression in response to the events surrounding the hurricane. They also show that these feelings of anger and depression held by African Americans are respectively explained by their perception of racial discrimination by the federal government and complacency on the part of President Bush in response to Katrina. These results provide additional support for the idea that African Americans have a racially group-centric view of society that powerfully shapes how they respond to political events.
Improved closed-form DOA/frequency estimation via ESPRIT using DFT and derivative DFT beamforming

This paper introduces a new algorithm, derivative DFT beamspace ESPRIT, that provides closed-form estimates of the directions-of-arrival (DOAs) of signals impinging on a uniform linear array (ULA). Existing closed-form DOA estimation algorithms for ULAs include TLS-ESPRIT and root-MUSIC. Derivative DFT beamspace ESPRIT outperforms TLS-ESPRIT in terms of both estimation accuracy (provides higher quality estimates in low information-to-noise scenarios) and computational complexity (requires less than 40% of the MATLAB flops of TLS-ESPRIT). Root-MUSIC provides better estimates than the other two algorithms mentioned, but requires orders of magnitude more computation than them. Derivative DFT beamspace ESPRIT improves upon the DFT beamspace ESPRIT algorithm [Zoltowski et al., 1996] by exploiting additional invariances that arise from derivative DFT beamforming. Incorporation of these additional invariances enables derivative DFT beamspace ESPRIT to outperform TLS-ESPRIT.
Extensible, Scalable Monitoring for Clusters of Computers

We describe the CARD (Cluster Administration using Relational Databases) system for monitoring large clusters of cooperating computers. CARD scales both in capacity and in visualization to at least 150 machines, and can in principle scale far beyond that. The architecture is easily extensible to monitor new cluster software and hardware. CARD detects and automatically recovers from common faults. CARD uses a Java applet as its primary interface allowing users anywhere in the world to monitor the cluster through their browser.
Recovering Exact Results from Inexact Numerical Data in Algebraic Geometry

Let be a set of homogeneous polynomials. Let Z denote the complex projective algebraic set determined by the zero locus of . Numerical-continuation-based methods can be used to produce arbitrary-precision numerical approximations of generic points on each irreducible component of Z. Consider the ideal and the prime decomposition over . This article illustrates how lattice-reduction algorithms may take as input numerically approximated generic points on Z and effectively extract exact elements for each Pi . A collection of examples serves to illustrate the approach and indicate some of the application areas for which this technique is valuable.
Stimulation of DNA replication from the polyomavirus origin by PCAF and GCN5 acetyltransferases: acetylation of large T antigen

The PCAF and GCN5 acetyltransferases, but not p300 or CBP, stimulate DNA replication when tethered near the polyomavirus origin. Replication stimulation by PCAF and GCN5 is blocked by mutational inactivation of their acetyltransferase domains but not by deletion of sequences that bind p300 or CBP. Acetylation of histones near the polyomavirus origin assembled into chromatin in vivo is not detectably altered by expression of these acetyltransferases. PCAF and GCN5 interact with polyomavirus large T antigen in vivo, PCAF acetylates large T antigen in vitro, and large T-antigen acetylation in vivo is dependent upon the integrity of the PCAF acetyltransferase domain. These data suggest replication stimulation occurs through recruitment of large T antigen to the origin and acetylation by PCAF or GCN5.
Time-dependent semiclassical theory of gain-coupled distributed feedback lasers

A semiclassical treatment of the time-dependent behavior of a gain-coupled, distributed feedback laser (DFL) has been developed. This treatment takes into account the field propagation within the DFL, and is therefore capable of predicting its behavior even for extremely short pump pulses. Comparisons are made to existing steady-state and transient theories where they are valid, showing good agreement, and new predictions are made of the behavior in the short pump pulse regime. It is found that the emitted pulse duration is dominated by the transit time through the pumped region. By studying the evolution of the field distribution inside the cavity, insight can be gained into the operation of the DFL. The effect of spatial hole burning in a gain-coupled DFL is treated and found to be small.
Advancing biomedical imaging

Imaging reveals complex structures and dynamic interactive processes, located deep inside the body, that are otherwise difficult to decipher. Numerous imaging modalities harness every last inch of the energy spectrum. Clinical modalities include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, and light-based methods [endoscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT)]. Research modalities include various light microscopy techniques (confocal, multiphoton, total internal reflection, superresolution fluorescence microscopy), electron microscopy, mass spectrometry imaging, fluorescence tomography, bioluminescence, variations of OCT, and optoacoustic imaging, among a few others. Although clinical imaging and research microscopy are often isolated from one another, we argue that their combination and integration is not only informative but also essential to discovering new biology and interpreting clinical datasets in which signals invariably originate from hundreds to thousands of cells per voxel.
El uso de las funciones de las citas en la estructura retórica de las Introducciones de memorias de máster escritas en español por estudiantes nativos españoles y no nativos filipinos

espanolLa investigacion llevada a cabo en este articulo analiza la correlacion en el uso de las funciones de las citas con la estructura organizativa de la Introduccion de 16 memorias de master escritas en espanol en el campo de la Linguistica Aplicada por estudiantes nativos espanoles y no nativos filipinos. El analisis cuantitativo y cualitativo en este estudio parte del modelo propuesto por Carbonell-Olivares et al. (2009) para delimitar la organizacion de la Introduccion de la tesis doctoral en espanol y de la clasificacion de las funciones de las citas realizada por Sanchez Jimenez (2011). Los resultados de la investigacion muestran que existe una relacion directa entre el uso de las citas y la organizacion retorica de la memoria de master. Por otra parte, indican que la instruccion formal recibida por los estudiantes filipinos establece una diferencia significativa tanto en el orden de la Introduccion como en la cantidad y en la variedad (AT, AP, REF, DE, EN, COMP, EJ) de las citas utilizadas en este apartado de la memoria de master con respecto al grupo espanol (AT, AP, REF, EV). En cuanto a la estructura de la Introduccion, parece que los escritores filipinos ponen un mayor enfasis en la contextualizacion de su estudio (M1), en claro contraste con el grupo espanol, que incide mas en la presentacion de la investigacion (M3) que precede la Introduccion. EnglishThis article analyzes the correlation between the use of functions of citations and the organizational structure of the Introduction section of a corpus of sixteen (16) master´s theses written in Spanish in the field of Applied Linguistics by native and non-native writers. The quantitative and qualitative analysis in this study arises from the model proposed by Carbonell-Olivares et al. (2009) which aims to define the organization of the Introduction section of the doctoral thesis in Spanish and the classification of the functions of citations made by Sanchez Jimenez (2011). The research results show that there is a direct relationship between the use of citations and rhetorical organization of the master´s thesis. On the other hand, it is indicated that the formal instruction received by Filipino students makes a significant difference both in the order of the Introduction section and in the quantity and variety (AT, AP, REF, DE, EN, COMP, EJ) of the citations used in comparison with the Spanish group (AT, AP, REF, EV). Moreover, the Introduction´s structure demonstrates that the Filipino writers put more emphasis on the contextualization of their study (M1) while the Spanish group highlights the presentation of their research (M3) that precedes the Introduction section.
The Cross-Section of Expected Personal Bankruptcy Rate

This paper tests the validity of a single-factor (market) model to price consumer lending risk. It classifies US counties into 25 portfolios based on unemployment and nominal income growth. The results, using serious delinquency on revolving credit as default risk, show that the intercepts are indistinguishable from zero in 22 portfolios, and the average default rate of a portfolio increases with its beta. The additional risk factors based on unemployment and income growth portfolios marginally improve the single-factor model. The results are robust to time-varying betas and personal bankruptcy as a measure of consumer lending risk.
Nonconserved Residues in the Second Transmembrane-Spanning Domain of the D4 Dopamine Receptor Are Molecular Determinants of D4-Selective Pharmacology

The molecular determinants that govern selective ligand binding to the rat D(4) dopamine receptor were investigated by substituting D(2) dopamine receptor sequences into a D(4) dopamine receptor background. The resulting mutant D(4) dopamine receptors were then screened with a panel of 10 selective and nonselective ligands, which included two allosteric modulators as sensitive measures of protein conformational changes. Mutation of a phenylalanine at position 88 in the second transmembrane-spanning domain (TMS2) of the D(4) receptor to the corresponding valine in the D(2) receptor D(4)-F88V resulted in an approximately 100-fold decrease in the affinity of the highly D(4)-selective drug 3-([4-(4-iodophenyl) piperazin-1-yl]methyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (L-750,667) without substantially affecting the binding of the other ligands. Mutations at the extracellular side of D(4)-TMS3 produced moderate decreases in L-750,667 binding affinities with concomitant increases in binding affinity for the D(2)/D(3)-selective antagonist (-)-raclopride. However, the binding affinities of these same D(4)-TMS3 mutants for the allosteric modulator isomethylbutylamiloride also were an anomalous 6- to 20-fold higher than either wild-type receptor. In the combined D(4)-F88V/TMS3 mutants, L-750,667 binding affinity was further decreased, but this decrease was not additive. More importantly, the combined D(4)-F88V/TMS3 mutants had (-)-raclopride and isomethylbutylamiloride binding properties that reverted back to those of the wild-type D(4)-receptor. In contrast to the D(4)-F88V mutant, the adjacent D(4)-L87W mutant had an increased affinity for ligands with extended structures, but had essentially no effect on ligands with compact structures. These findings demonstrate that two residues near the extracellular side of D(4)-TMS2 are critical molecular determinants for the selective binding of L-750,667 and ligands with extended structures.
Relationship of K+ to H+ in Histamine-Stimulated Canine Gastric Juice.∗

SummaryBy serial sampling at 10- to 20- minute intervals, electrolytes and water secretion per minute were measured in dog Heidenhain pouch juice after stimulation with histamine. Thirty to 60 minutes after the beginning of stimulation, a highly significant correlation of K+ to H+ was observed. The regression coefficient of K+ on H+ ranged from 0.006 to 0.082 in 11 experiments. The early high K+ output after histamine is still under investigation.
Influence of Dietary Fat on Energy Utilization by Laying Hens

Abstract Feed grade fat was included at levels of 2 to 6% in corn-based laying hen rations and at levels of 3 to 6% in laying hen rations containing 8% wheat middlings. Added fat did not affect rate of egg production or average egg weight during the 196-day experiments. Feed consumption and efficiency of feed utilization were improved by added fat. Ration metabolizable energy (ME), as measured experimentally, was increased more than expected on the basis of commonly accepted ME values of feed grade fat when fat levels of 4 and 6% were used in corn-based rations. This effect of fat was most pronounced with the rations containing 8% wheat middlings. Assuming that the entire increase in ration ME's associated with added fat was due to fat per se, estimates of the ME content of fat were 8675 and 9015 mcal/kg when used in corn-based rations. When used in the ration containing 8% wheat middlings, the apparent ME of fat exceeded its gross energy content considerably, indicating an interaction effect between added fat and ingredient composition of the ration. Dietary fat level did not change the proportion of ME consumed that was converted to egg energy. Dietary ME to egg energy conversions ranged from 25.7 to 27.9%. The proportion of ME used for weight gain was increased slightly by added fat while no consistent changes in energy estimated as heat increment were observed.
Recognizing and classifying epileptic seizures and epileptic syndromes.

The appropriate diagnosis of the patient with epilepsy is first dependent on a determination of the seizure type. When the seizure type has been determined, consideration must be given to the nature of the epileptic syndrome, including concerns regarding the etiology of the attacks. The gradual evolution of the various classification schemes of epileptic seizures and epileptic syndromes complicates the task of the physician but also affords evidence of the dynamism extant in clinical epilepsy research. Intensive monitoring will assist not only in the diagnosis of the individual patient, but also in the long-term re-evaluation and revision of the empirical classifications.
Facial flushing in children: a variant of the auriculo-temporal syndrome.

Duphenix in 1757 has been credited with describing the first case of gustatory sweating which occurred after drainage of a parotid abscess. Later, Baillarger reported a case in which the sweating occurred on both sides because of bilateral parotitis. In 1923, Frey reported a case of gustatory sweating caused by an infected bullet wound of the parotid. She noted that the sweating coincided with the skin distribution of the auriculo-temporal nerve. Since her report, gustatory sweating has also been known as the "Auriculo-temporal Syndrome" or "Frey's Syndrome."
Dynamics of an Invasion: The Spatial Interactions of Invasive Centaurea stoebe with Native Cirsium pitcheri and Tanacetum huronense in a Dune Environment

Abstract Centaurea stoebe is a major invader of sensitive dune habitats of the Great Lakes region in North America, home to many unique and increasingly rare species. We analyzed the beginning stages of invasion of Centaurea on a relatively isolated island in northern Lake Michigan and sought to determine whether Centaurea is negatively impacting two species of concern, Cirsium pitcheri and Tanacetum huronense. Using a nearest neighbor analysis of mapped individuals in a long term study plot, we determined Centaurea, Cirsium, and Tanacetum all have aggregated underlying spatial structures. Two-species analyses revealed highly statistically significant segregation between the species but no significant positive or negative association between the invader and either native species. Using abundance data in widespread smaller plots, we found no statistical indication that high abundances of Centaurea were correlated with low abundances of the two native species, despite marked increases in the invader. In the...
The new adjudication: judicial construction in marriage reform

After receiving Peng'er's appeal, Prefect Ma visited her village. By conducting his own investigation among fellow villagers and cadres, Ma clarified several facts and made a new adjudication. First, his judgment condemned Feng Yangui for “selling” his daughter multiple times for profit as if she were livestock. The profit of seven thousand yuan ( fabi ) caili that Feng Yangui received from Zhu Shouchang was confiscated by the court; in addition, Feng was penalized with three months of labor service. Second, Ma denounced Zhang Jincai's way of dealing with the marriage dispute. He suggested that Zhang should have either made the utmost effort to persuade Feng or brought Feng to court. The kidnapping was wrong because it violated the law and disturbed the social order. As a result, Zhang Jincai was sentenced to two years and six months of prison time. All other participants in the kidnapping but Zhang Bo received sentences varying from half a year to several months. In the previous adjudication made by Huachi County court, Zhang Bo was also sentenced to some jail time for the kidnapping but the new adjudication changed it. Prefect Ma did not impose any penalty on him though he was the reason for the kidnapping and also actively participated in it; instead, Ma ratified his marriage with Peng'er without any penalty. The writ did not explain the reason why Zhang Bo escaped punishment, but it should be viewed in the context of the government trying to maintain a peaceful relationship with the village communities, as discussed in Chapter 5. In Ma's adjudication, the most notable issue was his rationale for the approval of Peng'er and Zhang Bo's marriage. He explained that although the “marriage” (technically the engagement) was arranged by their parents in 1928, it was based on a widespread local custom ( dangdi yiban shehui guanli 当地一般社会惯例). Most importantly and substantively, the adjudication continued, “however, both Peng'er and Zhang Bo have already consented for a long time ( shuang fang zao yi tongyi 双方早已同意).
Inertial thermal convection in a suddenly expanding viscoplastic flow field

Abstract Inertial thermal convection from recirculating and non-recirculating flows of viscoplastic fluids through an axisymmetric 1:5 sudden expansion has been studied. The governing mass and fully-elliptic partial differential equations of motion and energy along with the Bingham constitutive equation were numerically solved to provide accurate predictions of the flow and thermal fields. A parametric study is implemented to study the impact of geometry, inertia, rheology, and thermo-physical properties on the thermal structure of suddenly expanding, non-isothermal, viscoplastic flows. Detailed visualizations of the velocity, viscosity, and temperature fields demonstrate the dramatic impact of yield stress presence on both the flow and thermal behavior. Furthermore, transitioning from a recirculating flow field to a non-recirculating viscoplastic flow field, within the present geometry, dramatically influences the thermal characteristics of the viscoplastic flow field. Recirculating suddenly expanding viscoplastic flows are characterized by two local compressions in the thermal boundary layer, upstream and downstream of the impingement region. However, non-recirculating viscoplastic flows display only one local compression in the thermal boundary layer, immediately downstream of the large, ramp-like, stagnant corner region.
Co-registration of pre-operative CT with ex vivo surgically excised ground glass nodules to define spatial extent of invasive adenocarcinoma on in vivo imaging: a proof-of-concept study

To develop an approach for radiology-pathology fusion of ex vivo histology of surgically excised pulmonary nodules with pre-operative CT, to radiologically map spatial extent of the invasive adenocarcinomatous component of the nodule. Six subjects (age: 75 ± 11 years) with pre-operative CT and surgically excised ground-glass nodules (size: 22.5 ± 5.1 mm) with a significant invasive adenocarcinomatous component (>5 mm) were included. The pathologist outlined disease extent on digitized histology specimens; two radiologists and a pulmonary critical care physician delineated the entire nodule on CT (in-plane resolution: <0.8 mm, inter-slice distance: 1–5 mm). We introduced a novel reconstruction approach to localize histology slices in 3D relative to each other while using CT scan as spatial constraint. This enabled the spatial mapping of the extent of tumour invasion from histology onto CT. Good overlap of the 3D reconstructed histology and the nodule outlined on CT was observed (65.9 ± 5.2%). Reduction in 3D misalignment of corresponding anatomical landmarks on histology and CT was observed (1.97 ± 0.42 mm). Moreover, the CT attenuation (HU) distributions were different when comparing invasive and in situ regions. This proof-of-concept study suggests that our fusion method can enable the spatial mapping of the invasive adenocarcinomatous component from 2D histology slices onto in vivo CT. • 3D reconstructions are generated from 2D histology specimens of ground glass nodules. • The reconstruction methodology used pre-operative in vivo CT as 3D spatial constraint. • The methodology maps adenocarcinoma extent from digitized histology onto in vivo CT. • The methodology potentially facilitates the discovery of CT signature of invasive adenocarcinoma.
Subtle pathological changes in neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy.

Abstract This was a prospective observational study to correlate the clinical symptoms, electrophysiology, imaging, and surgical pathology of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) without hippocampal sclerosis. We selected consecutive patients with TLE and normal MRI undergoing temporal lobe resection between April and September 2015. Clinical features, imaging, and functional data were reviewed. Intracranial monitoring and language mapping were performed when it was required according to our team recommendation. Prior to hippocampal resection, intraoperative electrocorticography was performed using depth electrodes in the amygdala and the hippocampus. The resected hippocampus was sent for pathological analysis. Results: Five patients with diagnosis with non-lesional TLE were included. We did not find distinctive clinical features that could be a characteristic of non-lesional TLE. The mean follow-up was 13.2 months (11–15 months); 80% of patients achieved Engel Class I outcome. There was no distinctive electrographic findings in these patients. Histopathologic analysis was negative for mesial temporal sclerosis. A second blinded independent neuropathologist with expertise in epilepsy found ILAE type I focal cortical dysplasia in the parahippocampal gyrus in all patients. A third independent neuropathologist reported changes in layer 2 with larger pyramidal neurons in 4 cases but concluded that none of these cases met the diagnostic criteria of FCD. Subtle pathological changes could be associated with a parahippocampal epileptic zone and should be investigated in patients with MRI-negative TLE. This study also highlights the lack of interobserver reliability for the diagnosis of mild cortical dysplasia. Finally, selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy or laser ablation of the hippocampus may not control intractable epilepsy in this specific population.
MoM-SIE scattering models of snow and ice hydrometeors based on 3D shape reconstructions from MASC images

We present scattering models of snow and ice hydrometeors and computation of full polarimetrie radar variables for winter precipitation using a higher order method of moments (MoM) in the surface integral equation (SIE) formulation. The studies of winter precipitation are based primarily on measurements by a multi-angle snowflake camera (MASC), reconstruction of 3D hydrometeor shapes by means of the visual hull method, MoM-SIE scattering computations, and measured polarimetric observables by CSU-CHILL Radar.
Bilinear Convolutional Neural Networks for Fine-Grained Visual Recognition

We present a simple and effective architecture for fine-grained recognition called Bilinear Convolutional Neural Networks (B-CNNs) . These networks represent an image as a pooled outer product of features derived from two CNNs and capture localized feature interactions in a translationally invariant manner. B-CNNs are related to orderless texture representations built on deep features but can be trained in an end-to-end manner. Our most accurate model obtains 84.1, 79.4, 84.5 and 91.3 percent per-image accuracy on the Caltech-UCSD birds [1] , NABirds [2] , FGVC aircraft [3] , and Stanford cars [4] dataset respectively and runs at 30 frames-per-second on a NVIDIA Titan X GPU. We then present a systematic analysis of these networks and show that (1) the bilinear features are highly redundant and can be reduced by an order of magnitude in size without significant loss in accuracy, (2) are also effective for other image classification tasks such as texture and scene recognition, and (3) can be trained from scratch on the ImageNet dataset offering consistent improvements over the baseline architecture. Finally, we present visualizations of these models on various datasets using top activations of neural units and gradient-based inversion techniques. The source code for the complete system is available at http://vis-www.cs.umass.edu/bcnn .
Regenerative Capacities: New Materialisms, Inheritance, and Biopolitical Technologies in Education Policy

Inheritance and social reproduction have been widely theorized and studied concepts in the social sciences. In theories of social reproduction a focus on social position and identity is assumed; a ...
Extremophiles on Alien Worlds: What Types of Organismic Adaptations are Feasible on Other Planetary Bodies

Scholars since ancient times have often wondered how diverse life can be. We know that life is intrinsically linked to its environment and different environments result in different organismic survival strategies. We encounter a wide variety of environments on Earth, and many more on the planets and moons in our Solar System. By looking at the most important and promising of these planetary bodies, namely, Venus, Mars, Europa, and Titan, I like to point out possibilities and avenues for organismic adaptations at these locations, with a particular focus on metabolic strategies.
Formation and Stability of A8B Phases in Ni, Pd and Pt-Base Alloys

The literature on ordered A8B phases is reviewed. Ten such phases have been found, namely Pt8Ti (the prototype), Pt8Zr, Pt8V, Ni8Nb, Ni8Ta, Ni8V, Ni8Mo, Pd8W, Pd8Mo and Pd8V. All appear to be thermodynamically stable, although the Ni8X and Pd8X phases require large concentrations of excess vacancies, produced either by rapid quenching or charged-particle irradiation, to nucleate and grow. The reason is probably kinetic in origin, given their low critical ordering temperatures. The properties of the known A8B phases are described. Other A8B phases involving elements from Group VIII (Ni, Pd, Pt) and Groups IV A, V A and VI A might be stable, based on the Pettifor structure map. Recent ab initio quantum-mechanical and statistical calculations of ground-state ordered structures in Pd-V, Pt-V and Pt-Ti alloys are also noted in light of their ability to predict A8B phases as either stable or metastable ground-state structures.
Monoclonal Gammopathies: Glomerular and Tubular Injuries

Monoclonal gammopathy (also termed paraproteinemia or dysproteinemia) is a condition associated with the presence in the blood of a monoclonal immunoglobulin, specifically referred to as ‘paraprotein’ or ‘M-component’ (monoclonal protein) and produced by a clone of plasma cells, or B lymphocytes at different stages of maturation to plasma cells, that has undergone an abnormal and uncontrolled proliferation. This process is referred to as plasma cell dyscrasia (PCD). Various kidney pathologies associated with an underlying PCD and presented here include the following: light-chain (myeloma) cast nephropathy, light-chain proximal tubulopathy, deposition diseases (light-chain-, heavy-chain-, or light- + heavy-chain-related), amyloidosis (light-chain- or heavy-chain-related), tubulointerstitial nephritis, monoclonal immunoglobulin-mediated, immunotactoid glomerulonephritis, cryoglobulinemic nephropathy, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, and glomerulonephritis associated with monoclonal gammopathy and nonorganized deposits, related non-immunoglobulin amyloidoses are also included for completness. The pathogenesis, diagnosis, and available treatments for these diseases are briefly discussed. In PCD, the disease may be either a direct consequence of the tumor burden itself or result from the presence of M-protein, produced by a small clone, which ultimately causes kidney (and other organ) damage. With the increased use of anti-light- and anti-heavy-chain subclass antibodies and electron microscopy, the spectrum of renal diseases associated with PCD continues to expand. The last two decades have been associated with major advances in the treatment of PCD. Aggressive treatment of small clones responsible for M-component-related diseases can prevent target-organ damage. Also, a new generation of immunomodulatory drugs and drugs specifically targeting B cells allow for more refined treatment.
CORTRAK Superuser Competency Assessment and Training Recommendations

Background Blind insertion of feeding tubes remains unsafe. Electromagnetic placement devices such as the CORTRAK Enteral Access System allow operators to interpret placement of feeding tubes in real time. However, pneumothoraces have been reported and inadequate user expertise is a concern. Objective To explore factors influencing competency of CORTRAK-assisted feeding tube insertion. Methods A prospective, observational pilot study was conducted. Data collection included demographics, self-confidence, clinical judgment regarding CORTRAK-assisted feeding tube insertion, and general self-efficacy. CORTRAK-assisted feeding tube insertions were performed with the Anatomical Box and CORMAN task trainers. Results Twenty nurses who had inserted a mean of 53 CORTRAK feeding tubes participated. Participants inserted a mean of 2 CORTRAK feeding tubes weekly; each had inserted a feeding tube in the past 7 days. All superusers were competent; 1 required remediation for improper receiver unit placement. Mean (SD) scores were 35 (3.68) on a 40-point scale for self-efficacy, 4.6 (0.68) on a 5-point scale for self-reported feeding tube insertion confidence, and 4.85 (0.49) on a 5-point scale for demonstrated confidence. Participants estimated that 8 CORTRAK-assisted insertions were needed before they felt competent as super users. Confidence with the CORTRAK tracing was estimated to require 10 feeding tube insertions. Six participants continued to assess placement by auscultation, suggesting low confidence in their interpretation of the tracing. Conclusions At least 3 observations should be performed to assess initial competency; the number should be individualized to the operator. Interpretation of the insertion tracing is complex and requires multiple performance opportunities to gain competency and confidence for this high-risk skill.
Sabbath, Selah, and Fallow Ground: God’s Design to Keep Our Focus on Him

This chapter includes scripture and explanations of Sabbath along with the debate of whether or not the Sabbath was only as a covenant between God and the Jews or whether the commandment is for all people or if Jesus’ statements alter the commandment. The concept of Sabbath is contrasted with the shorter time concept of Selah and the longer time concept of fallow ground. The definitions of the Sabbath day seem to imply an event in which a person’s focus is taken off of the tasks at hand and to cease striving so that one might focus on the qadosh that is God. The focus of the shorter Selah is on the reflection of what was just said or accomplished, while the focus of the longer Sabbath year is on deeper rejuvenation. The role of the leader in contemporary organizations is to arrange the work-rest cycles that optimize the time at work and the time with God while creating opportunities for people to pause and reflect, as well as arrange job rotation or sabbaticals to help people reach deeper levels of rejuvenation, motivation, and organizational commitment.
Initiating the ketogenic diet in infants with treatment refractory epilepsy while maintaining a breast milk diet.

Abstract Purpose The ketogenic diet has been found to be safe and effective in the treatment of drug resistant epilepsy in childhood. The age range of children undergoing this treatment has steadily been going down. There is strong evidence that it is a safe alternative in infants with drug resistant seizures. The American Academy of Pediatrics strongly supports continuing a breast milk diet until infants are at least six months of age. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the ketogenic diet in infants while maintaining a breast milk diet. Method This is a cohort study of 9 infants between the ages of 1 and 13 months with drug resistant epilepsy treated with the ketogenic diet while maintained on breast milk. The data from the first two patients was gathered retrospectively while the other seven were studied prospectively. Results We show that all nine infants achieved and maintained ketosis effectively. While one infant had no change in seizure frequency, three were seizure free at the first follow-up visit and four had a burden of seizure reduction greater than 50%. The diet was overall well tolerated, although one child required a hospital stay for dehydration and metabolic acidosis. Conclusion The ketogenic diet can be safely and effectively initiated in infants while continuing human breast milk feedings.
251 LONG-TERM NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME IN RATS AFTER HYPOXIC-ISCHEMIC INSULT.

Background Perinatal asphyxia is a hypoxic-ischemia (H/I) insult that affects 2 to 4/1,000 live births and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The degree of brain damage depends on the severity and duration of the H/I insult and the maturational stage of the brain. A rat pup model of H/I insult has been developed. Exposure to 6% O2 for 1 hour results in oligodendrocyte loss, whereas exposure to 8% O2 for 2 hours results in significant neuronal necrosis and apoptosis. Hypothesis We hypothesize that rats exposed to H/I insult will demonstrate long-term abnormal neurobehavioral sequelae, specifically alterations in motor function and pain perception. Methods Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral carotid artery ligation and, after recovery, exposed to differing hypoxic environments (6% O2 for 1 hour or 8% O2 for 2 hours). Control rats include pups subjected to unilateral carotid artery ligation but not asphyxia, sham surgery pups, and naive pups. Motor assessment was performed by balance beam (12 in × 0.5 in) and beam walking (48 in × 5/8 in with three intermittent screws as obstacles) tests at 3 weeks of age. Plantar hotplate (30 and 70 mJ) and von Frey filament tests were used to compare thermal and mechanical allodynia at 6 weeks of age. Statistical comparisons were performed using Prism ANOVA two-way analysis of variance. Results There was no statistically significant difference between groups or gender in balance performances. In the beam walking test, rats from all groups demonstrated improvement over time. There was no statistically significant difference between groups or gender in latency. However, subtle differences in behavior and distractibility were noted. When comparing ipsilateral to contralateral sides and comparing response between different groups, hindlimb withdrawal time due to thermal and mechanical allodynia was not statistically different. Conclusions No statistically significant difference was noted in balance, motor coordination, or pain perception at 3 to 6 weeks after insult. Mild deficits may not be detectable with these tests. Further evaluation to correlate lesion size with testing outcomes is planned. In addition, further testing to identify subtle cognitive and behavioral differences is warranted.
Finding More Pieces for the Takings Puzzle: How Correcting History Can Clarify Doctrine

This article identifies and explains the effects of one of the philosophical assumptions underlying takings, perhaps the one that is most fundamental: one's view of the nature of the police power. This article also explains and documents the early or original assumptions about aspects of police power that are at the center of takings controversies, including the purposes for which the police power may be exercised in regulating private property, and the circumstances under which a landowner impacted by police power regulations may be entitled to compensation.This article adds two new pieces to the historical puzzle of if and when to compensate for regulatory takings. These pieces are a more detailed description of the common law concepts of the police power and an analysis of early state cases on compensation practices for physical and regulatory takings.Section II of this article explains the origins and character of police power in Anglo-American law. Section III reveals the widespread early assumptions about limitations on the purposes for which the police power could be used. Section IV details to what extent compensation was required for police power regulation of land in the early American cases. Section V shows how the historical background of police power suggests a compelling rationale for the rules by which contemporary police power regulations may be imposed and compensated.Based on these analyses, Section VI argues that exercises of police power are not presumptively exempt from compensation requirements; that exercises of police power for affirmative purposes beyond suppression of nuisances should be subject to compensation requirements; and that compensating for police power regulations affecting property rights to achieve affirmative social benefits complies with both the letter and spirit of the constitutional compensation requirement.
Birth Cohort and Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Age of First Oral and Anal Sex Among U.S. Men Who Have Sex with Men

Earlier age of first sex has potential direct and indirect health effects later in life. Though there are multiple nationwide general population studies on ages of first sex, there is no such nationwide study of first male–male oral or anal sex among men who have sex with men (MSM). This may be important for understanding racial/ethnic disparities in HIV and sexually transmitted infection acquisition among young racial/ethnic minority MSM. Our study examined the birth cohort and racial/ethnic differences in ages of first male–male oral and anal sex using a diverse 2015 U.S. nationwide sample of 10,217 sexually active MSM. The mean age of first male–male oral sex was 18.0 years. Compared with older birth cohorts, those MSM born 1990–2000 were more likely to have younger age of first male–male oral sex. Compared to white MSM, Hispanic MSM and non-Hispanic black MSM were more likely to have younger age of first male–male oral sex with a man. The mean age of first male–male anal sex was 20.3 years. Compared with older birth cohorts, those MSM born 1990–2000 were more likely to have younger age of first male–male anal sex. Compared to white MSM, MSM of all other racial/ethnic groups were more likely to have younger age of first male–male anal sex. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive and MSM-inclusive sexual health education for young teens and online sexual health resources for young gay, bisexual, queer, and other MSM.
The Complex Emotion Expression Database: A validated stimulus set of trained actors

The vast majority of empirical work investigating the mechanisms supporting the perception and recognition of facial expressions is focused on basic expressions. Less is known about the underlying mechanisms supporting the processing of complex expressions, which provide signals about emotions related to more nuanced social behavior and inner thoughts. Here, we introduce the Complex Emotion Expression Database (CEED), a digital stimulus set of 243 basic and 237 complex emotional facial expressions. The stimuli represent six basic expressions (angry, disgusted, fearful, happy, sad, and surprised) and nine complex expressions (affectionate, attracted, betrayed, brokenhearted, contemptuous, desirous, flirtatious, jealous, and lovesick) that were posed by Black and White formally trained, young adult actors. All images were validated by a minimum of 50 adults in a 4-alternative forced choice task. Only images for which ≥ 50% of raters endorsed the correct emotion label were included in the final database. This database will be an excellent resource for researchers interested in studying the developmental, behavioral, and neural mechanisms supporting the perception and recognition of complex emotion expressions.