cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinetochore fiber formation in dividing generative cells of Tradescantia KInetochore reorientatlon associated with the transition between lateral microtubuie interactions and end-on kinetochore fibers

Division of the generative cell of Tradescantia virginiana is unusual in that a typical bipolar spindle is not present Instead, the cell contains an axial system of microtubuie (Mt) bundles, with kinetochores distributed along the length and depth of the cell. Kinetochore fibers appear to be derived from and remain attached to the Mt bundles. Localizations with both anti-tubulin and CREST serum were performed in order to probe this relationship further. Pairs of CREST-positdve, fluorescent dots presumed to be kinetochores are initially oriented transverse to the cell axis and appear to be associated with the Mt bundles via lateral interactions. Adjacent pairs are often joined to the same bundles, like rungs on a ladder. Lateral interactions are then converted into or replaced by end-on kinetochore fibers similar in morphology to those seen in other cells. This conversion is accompanied by a realignment of the kinetochore pairs along the long axis of the cell. In addition, the center-to-center spacing between filial kinetochores doubles. Interconnections between kinetochore fibers and surrounding Mts appear to be maintained during the transition. These results may provide a general insight into the manner in which kinetochores interact with the division apparatus in eukaryotes.
The Future of Self-Study: Through and With Technology

In this chapter, we look across the contributions included in this book to highlight the affordances and challenges presented when using technology with/in the Self-Study of Teacher Education Practices (S-STEP). Authors used technology as both tool and resource in their teacher education practice, and in so doing, transformed their understandings of themselves as well as their pedagogical beliefs and approaches. A second major focus was technology as part of self-study assemblages prompting us to argue that when technology is understood as coming into composition with teacher educators and other elements of teacher education context, we gain a more cogent and complex vision of the transformative potential of technology. In this chapter, we explore these themes against a backdrop of our own experiences as a self-study collective to trace, and problematize, the development of our relationship with and through technology. We also offer recommendations for reframing the relationship between self-study, technology, and teacher education practice for the future.
Beyond RCTs in public health policy research: “who’s the fairest of them all?”

The article in this issue by O’Donnell et al stimulated my attention to the methods beyond randomized controlled trials that can help assess public health research and rank its utility in hierarchies of evidence. The future of public health policy research will surely combine computational power and the power of human ingenuity.
A hybrid recommender system using artificial neural networks

Neural network based hybrid recommender system utilizing review metadata is proposed.The system optimizes model hyper-parameters to minimize log-loss.Validate predictive capability of model against heterogeneous business categories. In the context of recommendation systems, metadata information from reviews written for businesses has rarely been considered in traditional systems developed using content-based and collaborative filtering approaches. Collaborative filtering and content-based filtering are popular memory-based methods for recommending new products to the users but suffer from some limitations and fail to provide effective recommendations in many situations. In this paper, we present a deep learning neural network framework that utilizes reviews in addition to content-based features to generate model based predictions for the business-user combinations. We show that a set of content and collaborative features allows for the development of a neural network model with the goal of minimizing logloss and rating misclassification error using stochastic gradient descent optimization algorithm. We empirically show that the hybrid approach is a very promising solution when compared to standalone memory-based collaborative filtering method.
Exhaustive, Iterative and Hybrid Initial Access Techniques in mmWave Communications

In millimeter wave (mmWave) communications with possible gigabit-per-second data rate, the severe path loss can effectively be alleviated by adaptive beamforming using antenna arrays. However, this complicates the initial access (IA), by which a mobile user equipment (UE) establishes a physical link connection with a mmWave base station (BS). The total duration of IA directional search can be very long since multiple preambles should be repeatedly transmitted for all transmit and receive beam pairs. In this work, we focus on IA techniques based on analog beamforming with uniform planar array antennas without context information from microwave BSs. We revisit current techniques of exhaustive search and iterative search based on BS training, and propose a novel hybrid training method, where in the first stage BS performs wide beam search, and in the second stage, the UE will perform reverse training according to the best wide beam decided in the first stage. For the three IA techniques, we derive the total consumed time slots and the received SNR expressions in each stage. Through simulations and comparisons, we demonstrate that the proposed hybrid training method shortens the searching delay and gives the same access error probability as iterative search.
Rapid sideline performance meets outpatient clinic: Results from a multidisciplinary concussion center registry.

Abstract Objective This study investigated the utility of sideline concussion tests, including components of the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool, 3rd Edition (SCAT3) and the King-Devick (K-D), a vision-based test of rapid number naming, in an outpatient, multidisciplinary concussion center treating patients with both sports-related and non-sports related concussions. The ability of these tests to predict clinical outcomes based on the scores at the initial visit was evaluated. Methods Scores for components of the SCAT3 and the K-D were fit into regression models accounting for age, gender, and sport/non-sport etiology in order to predict clinical outcome measures including total number of visits to the concussion center, whether the patient reached a SCAT3 symptom severity score ≤ 7, and the total types of referrals each patient received over their course. Patient characteristics, differences between those with sport and non-sport etiologies, and correlations between the tests were also analyzed. Results Among 426 patients with concussion, SCAT3 total symptom score and symptom severity score at the initial visit predicted each of the clinical outcome variables. K-D score at the initial visit predicted the total number of visits and the total number of referrals. Those with sports-related concussions were younger, had less severely-affected test scores, had fewer visits and types of referrals, and were more likely to have clinical resolution of their concussion and to reach a symptom severity score ≤ 7. Conclusions This large-scale study of concussion patients supports the use of sideline concussion tests as part of outpatient concussion assessment, especially the total symptom and symptom severity score portions of the SCAT3 and the K-D. Women in this cohort had higher total symptom and symptom severity scores compared to men. Our data also suggest that those with non-sports-related concussions have longer lasting symptoms than those with sports-related concussions, and that these two groups should perhaps be regarded separately when assessing outcomes and needs in a multidisciplinary setting.
Biocomposite Fiber-Matrix Treatments that Enhance In-Service Performance Can Also Accelerate End-of-Life Fragmentation and Anaerobic Biodegradation to Methane

Biodegradable resins can enhance the environmental sustainability of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) by enabling methane (CH $$_4$$ ) recovery via anaerobic digestion (AD). An under appreciated step in biocomposite AD is the role of cracking and fragmentation due to moisture uptake by the wood fiber (WF) fraction. Here, we use batch microcosms to simulate AD at end-of-life and to assess the effects of fiber-matrix treatments used to retard in-service moisture uptake. The composites evaluated were injection molded poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) with WF (0, 20%) using two fiber-matrix compatibilization treatments: (1) hydrophobic silane treatment of the wood fiber and (2) grafting of hydrophilic maleic anhydride groups to the PHBV matrix. Both treatments accelerated rates of mass loss and CH $$_4$$ production by a factor of 1.2–2.3 compared to neat PHBV. The fragmentation rate, as measured by mass loss, increased significantly for treated samples compared to untreated samples. A ranking of test samples from lowest to highest rates of mass loss gave the following sequence: neat PHBV $$\approx$$ maleated PHBV < PHBV plus untreated WF < maleated PHBV plus untreated WF < PHBV plus silane-treated WF. Compared to the untreated samples, maleic anhydride treatment increased the mass loss rate by 30%, and silane treatment increased the mass loss rate by 92%. Onset of cracking in silane-treated composites was observed at 2 weeks (using X-ray micro-computed tomography). At the same time, solid mass loss and CH $$_4$$ production peaked, implicating cracking and physical disintegration as the rate-limiting step for accelerated anaerobic degradation. When modified to account for bioplastic matrix degradation, a previously derived moisture-induced damage model could predict the onset of composite fragmentation at end-of-life. These results are significant for design of bio-WPCs and demonstrate that treatments designed to improve in-service performance can also improve end-of-life options.
Fluid Lipid Multilayer Stabilization by Tetraethyl Orthosilicate for Underwater AFM Characterization and Cell Culture Applications

Stabilization of surface supported fluid lipid multilayers for underwater characterization is an essential step in making them useful for scalable cell culture applications such as high throughput screening. To this end, we used tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), recently shown to stabilize fluid lipid films while maintaining their fluidity and functionality under water, to stabilize lipid multilayer micropatterns of 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC). The treated multilayers were immersed under water and successfully imaged by atomic force microscopy (AFM), a difficult feat to perform on fluid lipid multilayers without TEOS treatment. The treated lipid multilayer showed an average swelling of approximately 18% in water but remained stable during the imaging process. The TEOS-treated lipid multilayers also proved compatible with cell culture as HeLa, MDCK, and HEK cell types all adhered and grew in high numbers over the multilayers. The results obtained here open the door to the use of fluid lipid multilayers in biotechnology applications such as microarray based high throughput cell assays.
Directors' Duties in a Post-Enron World: Why Language Matters

This essay observes that, in the face of corporate scandals of the last few years, a number of prominent advocates for shareholder primacy have retreated to the position that directors and officers should attempt to maximize long run share value performance, rather than short term value. But the mantra of share value maximization has no distinctive meaning and policy implications if it is not interpreted to mean maximization of short term value. This is because the actions required to maximize share value in the long run are indistinguishable in practice from actions taken in pursuit of other more broadly-stated goals such as the maximization of wealth for all corporate stakeholders. Moreover, once its advocates accept the goal of long run share value maximization, then they should consider discarding the language of shareholder primacy, and the associated emphasis on high-powered, equity-based incentive systems. Such language is unnecessarily divisive and provocative. It draws attention to conflicting interests in corporate enterprises and announces that, when faced with conflicts, directors should choose actions that benefit shareholders even if those actions harm other stakeholders. In so doing, it tends to reduce cooperation, send signals that other participants and other values are of secondary importance, and undermine the ethical climate inside corporations. This essay proposes that, by contrast, the language of "team production" supports cooperative behavior, sharing of burdens and rewards, and win-win solutions.
Comparison of Films Deposited from Pulsed and Continuous Wave Acetonitrile and Acrylonitrile Plasmas

Continuous wave (CW) and pulsed acetonitrile and acrylonitrile plasmas have been used to deposit thin nitrogen-containing films. Changes in film composition with applied CW power and pulse duty cycle have been monitored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and deposition rates have been measured for both systems. A detailed description of FTIR peak assignments is presented and shows that the composition of films deposited from acetonitrile are insensitive to CW input power and duty cycle. In contrast, acrylonitrile films exhibit a strong compositional dependence on CW input power and duty cycle with the growth of highly conjugated imine and nitrile species. These monomer dependent compositional changes are discussed in terms of their structure, pulse off time durations, and equivalent pulsed and CW applied rf powers. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and deposition rate data afford further insight into film formation processes with the two monomers.
Regulons and protein-protein interactions of PRD-containing Bacillus anthracis virulence regulators reveal overlapping but distinct functions.

Bacillus anthracis produces three regulators, AtxA, AcpA and AcpB, which control virulence gene transcription and belong to an emerging class of regulators termed 'PCVRs' (Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase regulation Domain-Containing Virulence Regulators). AtxA, named for its control of toxin gene expression, is the master virulence regulator and archetype PCVR. AcpA and AcpB are less well studied. Reports of PCVR activity suggest overlapping function. AcpA and AcpB independently positively control transcription of the capsule biosynthetic operon capBCADE, and culture conditions that enhance AtxA level or activity result in capBCADE transcription in strains lacking acpA and acpB. We used RNA-Seq to assess the regulons of the paralogous regulators in strains constructed to express individual PCVRs at native levels. Plasmid and chromosome-borne genes were PCVR controlled, with AtxA, AcpA and AcpB having a ≥ 4-fold effect on transcript levels of 145, 130 and 49 genes respectively. Several genes were coregulated by two or three PCVRs. We determined that AcpA and AcpB form homomultimers, as shown previously for AtxA, and we detected AtxA-AcpA heteromultimers. In co-expression experiments, AcpA activity was reduced by increased levels of AtxA. Our data show that the PCVRs have specific and overlapping activity and that PCVR stoichiometry and potential heteromultimerization can influence target gene expression.
CubeSat-Scale High-Speed Laser Downlinks

The recent surge in the development of new commercial services hosted by satellites in low Earth orbit will lead to rapid increases in the demand for data downlinking, presenting a challenge for conventional radio-frequency communication systems. Optical communication systems offer a significant but so far unrealized potential for ultrahigh- volume downlinking. A number of demonstration laser communication missions have flown in space, but no optical systems are in routine operational use. Existing optical communication systems are typically too large for use in next-generation small commercial satellite systems.
Altered concentrations of aldosterone in neonatal calves during chronic hypoxia and the subsequent recovery period.

Significant changes occur in both blood composition and plasma volume of the calf within the first few hour after parturition (McEwan et al., 1968). These changes require sensitive and reliable regulatory mechanisms to maintain electrolyte balance and prevent fluid dyshomeostasis. Although the time required for maturation of the renal system in calves is much shorter than in most experimental animals (Dalton, 1968), significant electrolyte imbalances are a common clinical finding in neonatal calves.
Korrektur Der Unzureichenden Ökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen

Nicht zuletzt die zunehmende und gleichsam berechtigte Kritik an den Entsorgungspreisen von Seiten der Gebuhrenschuldner und auch der allgemeinen Offentlichkeit macht es dringend erforderlich, die dargelegten unzureichenden okonomischen Rahmenbedingungen in der Siedlungsabfallwirtschaft zu korrigieren.1 Die Kommunen selbst zeigen ebenfalls starkes Interesse an einer Problemlosung. So gaben im Rahmen der bayernweiten Befragung (Empirie II) uber 80% der antwortenden Entsorger an, tendenziell Hilfestellung bei der Gebuhrenkalkulation und -umlage zu benotigen (vgl. Abb. 5.1).
Theoretical Approaches to the Effect of Wall Compliance on Turbulent Flow

In this paper we are reporting preliminary results of an ongoing research project that aims at getting an improved understanding of the interaction between wall-generated turbulence and compliant surface coatings. We are pursuing an integrated approach using analysis, direct numerical simulation and low-dimensional modeling, with a view towards the reduction of turbulent sound production and turbulent drag. Numerical simulations are performed in order to get some detailed information on the behavior of near-wall turbulence in the vicinity of a compliant wall, and in order to be able to determine optimized function bases that can be used to construct low-dimensional representations of the dynamics. By Galerkin projection of the Navier-Stokes equations onto such sets of basis functions that describe the structure of the near-wall flow, we construct low-dimensional models for the dynamics of the flow. The resulting flow equations are coupled to sets of linear oscillators describing damped mass-spring systems that represent the dynamics of the wall in Fourier space.
Inflection Points, Extatic Points and Curve Shortening

If (M 2,g) is a surface with Riemannian metric, then a family of immersed curves C t | 0 ≤ t < T on M 2 evolves by Curve Shortening if where K g is the geodesic curvature, and v is a unit normal to the curve. Since K g v can be written as where s is arclength along C, (1) is essentially a parabolic equation, i.e. a nonlinear heat equation.
Transfer and Expression of Antioncogenes and Paraneoplastic Genes in Normal and Neoplastic Cells in Vitro and in Vivo

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the study of primary brain tumors and paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes using defective herpes simplex viral (HSV) vectors and adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. The AAV vector is similar to the defective HSV vector in that it contains only viral recognition sequences but no viral genes. Adenovirus is used as a helper virus to provide replication proteins. The AAV vector is packaged into an AAV coat, which is distinct from the helper adenovirus. The ability to generate a stock of AAV vector free of helper adenovirus makes the AAV vector well suited to serve as a therapeutic agent. These viruses can enter the cell nucleus and express foreign genes in the absence of active cell division so that even nondividing tumor cells are potential targets of these vectors. Tumor-suppressor genes encode for proteins that regulate normal cell functions including cell proliferation and differentiation. The loss of function of these proteins, either due to mutation or deletion, has been associated with tumor formation. The p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene that is often found mutated or deleted in human cancers. Overexpression of mutant p53 protein is the most common genetic abnormality detected in human cancers and the p53 gene product has a central role in normal cell proliferation. The chapter also reviews the study of paraneoplastic syndromes including paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis (PEM), paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, and paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus, and the concept of gene transfer. DNA viral vectors are versatile tools that can be as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of tumors of the nervous system and also in the study of other neurologic disorders. These vectors are used to gain insights into the pathogenesis of some paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes and the ability to transfer genes using DNA can possibly used for treating cancer in the future. =
Immunotherapy-responsive dorsal column myelopathy in a patient with asymptomatic celiac disease.

A 64-year-old, left-handed woman with recently diagnosed Hashimoto thyroiditis (treated with levothyroxine) and osteoporosis presented with 3 months of burning sensation in the feet that progressed over several weeks to decreased sensation up the trunk and then to both hands. There was no antecedent trauma or illness. Her father had celiac disease. She worked in retail, ate a normal diet, and did not drink alcohol or smoke. She denied sicca symptoms.
Radiological review of skull lesions

Calvarial lesions are often asymptomatic and are usually discovered incidentally during computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Calvarial lesions can be benign or malignant. Although the majority of skull lesions are benign, it is important to be familiar with their imaging characteristics and to recognise those with malignant features where more aggressive management is needed. Clinical information such as the age of the patient, as well as the patient’s history is fundamental in making the correct diagnosis. In this article, we will review the imaging features of both common and uncommon calvarial lesions, as well as mimics of these lesions found in clinical practice. • Skull lesions are usually discovered incidentally; they can be benign or malignant. • Metastases are the most frequent cause of skull lesions. • Metastatic lesions are most commonly due to breast cancer in adults and neuroblastoma in children. • Multiple myeloma presents as the classic “punched out” lytic lesions on radiographs. • Eosinophilic granuloma is an osteolytic lesion with bevelled edges.
Variaciones domésticas en los centros políticos istmo-colombianos

This article evaluates two theoretical perspectives on social organization within the Isthmo-Colombian Area using the comparison of homologous societies. It deals with the characteristics of domestic trash that is found in archaeological sites because it reflects aspects of social organization and activities in the past. This paper examines four political centers; Barriles (Panama), Bolas (Costa Rica), El Hatillo (Panama) and El Venado (Colombia). The data indicate important variations in social inequality, craft production and participation in the interregional exchange of goods.
Nanoscale Insight into Performance Loss Mechanisms in P3HT:ZnO Nanorod Solar Cells

Hybrid solar cells based on semiconducting polymers and metal oxides offer the possibility of combining the best attributes of both constituents to achieve efficient and low-cost solar energy harvesting. Active layers consisting of ZnO nanorods and semiconducting polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene), P3HT, have been studied extensively over the past decade. This type of solar cell, however, still exhibits a relatively low performance and poor device-to-device reproducibility. For insight into the performance bottlenecks in P3HT:ZnO nanorod solar cells, we employ a point-by-point current–voltage mapping method using conductive atomic force microscopy to probe the local photovoltaic properties of hybrid P3HT:ZnO nanorod active layers with nanoscale spatial resolution. We observe that the short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and power conversion efficiency are highly heterogeneous and sensitive to the local thickness of the P3HT hole transport layer that sits atop the active layer, wit...
Robots, telework, and the jobs of the future

Richard Baldwinvs thesis in his new book, The Globotics Upheaval, is that globalization and AI robots constitute a “globotics” tidal wave that will shake the foundation of middle-class prosperity in wealthy nations. This, he argues, will lead to social upheaval, just as 19th-century steam engines and mechanical looms created workplace disruptions that brought workers to the streets in sometimes violent protest.
Evaluating software testing techniques: A systematic mapping study

Abstract Software testing techniques are crucial for detecting faults in software and reducing the risk of using it. As such, it is important that we have a good understanding of how to evaluate these techniques for their efficiency, scalability, applicability, and effectiveness at finding faults. This article enhances our understanding of software testing technique evaluations by providing an overview of the state of the art in research and structuring the field to assist researchers in locating types of evaluations they are interested in. To do so a systematic mapping study is performed. Three hundred and sixty-five primary studies are systematically collected from the field and each mapped into categories based on numerous classification schemes. This reveals the distribution of research by each category and identifies where there are research gaps. It also results in a mapping from each combination of categories to actual papers belonging to them; allowing researchers to very quickly locate all of the testing technique evaluation research with properties they are interested in. Further classifications are performed on case study and experiment evaluations in order to assess the relative quality of these evaluations. The distribution of research by various category combinations is presented along with a large table mapping each category combination to the papers belonging to them. We find a majority of evaluations are empirical evaluations in the form of case studies and experiments, most of them are of low quality based on proper methodology guidelines, and relatively few papers in the field discuss how testing techniques should be evaluated.
COMPARISON OF TICAGRELOR VERSUS PRASUGREL IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: A META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS

Outcomes of Ticagrelor versus Prasugrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remain controversial. We performed a meta-analysis comparing Ticagrelor versus Prasugrel in patients with ACS for whom a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed. We conducted an electronic database
Reduced admission rates and resource utilization for chest pain patients using an electronic health record-embedded clinical pathway in the emergency department.

Objectives Assess the impact of an electronic health record (EHR)-embedded clinical pathway (ePATH) as compared to a paper-based clinical decision support tool on outcomes for patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods A retrospective, quasi-experimental study using difference-in-differences and interrupted time series specifications to evaluate the impact of an EHR-embedded clinical pathway between April 2013 and July 2017. The intervention was implemented in February 2016 at a large academic tertiary hospital and compared to a local community hospital without the intervention. Eligible patients included adults (>18 years) presenting to the ED with chest pain who had a troponin ordered within 2 hours of arrival and a chest pain-related diagnosis. Patients with initial evidence of acute myocardial infarction were excluded. Primary outcomes included rates of admission and stress testing, hospital length of stay, and occurrence of major adverse cardiac events. Results On average, there were 170 chest pain visits per month at the intervention site. The frequency of hospital admission (unadjusted 28.2% to 20.9%, P Conclusions Implementation of ePATH for patients presenting to the ED with chest pain was associated with safe reductions in hospital admission and stress testing. ePATH appears to be an effective tool for implementing evidence-based guidelines for ED patients with chest pain.
3D PVC Stone Marble Wall Paper Papers Decoration

At both laparoscopy and hysteroscopy, controlled movement of fluids is necessary. In addition, at laparoscopy, suctioning of accumulated smoke from lasers or electrosurgery is an essential venting technique to enhance visibility. This chapter will describe and discuss a unique, simple, cost-effective system that can be used for both hysteroscopy and laparoscopy to accomplish movement of fluids and management of smoke. Aquadissection or hydrodissection has been used for many years as an adjuvant to operative laparoscopy.' It has been found useful for operative laparoscopic treatment of conditions such as endometriosis, pelvic adhesions, and tubal obstructron. Most current systems are cumbersome, wastefully use large volumes of fluid, and often require a mechanical pump for pressurizing the fluid suction and irrigation systems. Usually, during combined laparoscopy and hysteroscopy, a separate system is used for accomplishing uterine distention when fluids are used for the hysteroscopic portion of surgery. The Pump Vac Plus can be used for both hysteroscopic distention and laparoscopic suction and irrigation. This article will describe our techniques for using the Pump Vac for both of these endoscopic approaches.
Use of Negative Pressure Ventilation in Pediatric Critical Care: Experience in 56 PICUs in the Virtual Pediatric Systems Database (2009-2019)

Objectives Negative pressure ventilation may be more physiologic than positive pressure ventilation, but data describing negative pressure ventilation use in the PICU are limited. We aimed to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of PICU patients receiving negative pressure ventilation. Design Descriptive analysis of a large, quality-controlled multicenter database. Setting Fifty-six PICUs in the Virtual Pediatric Systems database who reported use of negative pressure ventilation. Patients Children admitted to a participating PICU between 2009 and 2019 who received negative pressure ventilation. Interventions None. Measurements and main results Among 788 subjects, 71% were less than 2 years old, and 45% had underlying health conditions. Two concurrent aspiration events were the only adverse events reported. After excluding one over-represented center, the 3 years with the most negative pressure ventilation usage were 2017-2019 (all > 25 cases/yr and ≥ 13 centers reporting usage). Among those 187 children, the most common primary diagnoses were bronchiolitis and cardiac disease (both 15.5%), 24.1% required endotracheal intubation after negative pressure ventilation, and 9.1% died. Conclusions Negative pressure ventilation is being used in many PICUs, most commonly for pulmonary infections or cardiac disease, in children with high rates of subsequent intubation and mortality and with few documented adverse events. Use at individual centers is rare but increasing, suggesting need for prospective collaboration to better evaluate the role of negative pressure ventilation in the PICU.
Pandemic Crisis: Simulation Contingency Plans

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the typical delivery of nursing education. Multifactorial issues related to the pandemic and clinical placements have forced nurse educators to employ innovative strategies for content delivery. Methods This article is an accounting of a simulation team response to the move to all remote or virtual simulated learning experiences over a two-week period and lessons learned on how to move forward with simulated learning contingency plans. Results Learning outcomes were achieved via the delivery of online commercial and faculty made experiences to simulate clinical practice. Simple and easy to use guides assisted both students and faculty for a positive experience. Conclusion Creating a detailed formal contingency plan for emergencies is essential for nursing programs. Additionally, the pandemic highlighted the importance of continuing faculty development and education in online, virtual, and simulation pedagogy. Finally, it is recommended that schools of nursing implement formal policies for replacement of clinical hours with simulation.
Unsheltered Homelessness and the Right to Metabolism: An Urban Political Ecology of Health and Sustainability

Unsheltered homelessness has increasingly become a standard expectation as part of the contemporary urban landscape. This phenomenon is problematic for multiple reasons. Primarily, unsheltered homelessness is a concern because it represents a very real form of human suffering for the individuals facing homelessness. For the vast majority of people, they very desperately want a more stable and permanent housing option, and their inability to secure stable housing is often a difficult and desperate form of distress. Secondly, for urban community members not facing homelessness, unsheltered homelessness is often perceived as unsightly, and offends their sense of what a city—and a society—should be. Not only is unsheltered homelessness a visible sign of poverty and inequality, but it also disrupts normative visions of public space and public ecologies—seeing unsheltered homelessness represents, in part, a collective failure to produce a public domain that is equitable, inclusive, healthy, and sustainable. Common imagined landscapes of functional urban environment simply do not account for unsheltered homelessness. The ways in which we position unsheltered homelessness, and how we might do so in a more just manner, is the subject of this chapter.
Symmetric drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema: Clinicopathologic study of 19 cases and review of literature.

Background Symmetric drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE) is a cutaneous drug reaction characterized by gluteal/anogenital erythema and symmetric involvement of other intertriginous location(s) without systemic signs. Clinicopathologic characterization has been limited to case reports and small series. We describe 19 new cases and review the literature to better define the clinical and histopathologic spectrum of SDRIFE. Methods Pathology archives were searched for "SDRIFE" and "baboon syndrome." Cases meeting clinical criteria were included. Clinical and histopathologic features were recorded. Previous reports of SDRIFE with histopathologic descriptions were reviewed. Results Nineteen new cases were included, over half triggered by antibiotics. Six new causative medications were identified. Median onset was 7 days. Typical lesions were erythematous plaques or papules with or without scale. The most common histopathologic finding was superficial perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate followed by dermal eosinophils, spongiosis, and orthokeratosis. Basal vacuolization and apoptotic keratinocytes were less common. Interstitial histiocytes were present in almost half of our cases. Other findings included atypical lymphocytes and "flame figure." Conclusions Appreciation of the range of inciting medications and clinicopathologic features in SDRIFE will improve recognition of this condition. Although many histopathologic features overlap with other common dermatitides, biopsy may assist in excluding key clinical mimics.
Optimal Number of Stock Holdings in Mutual Fund Portfolios Based on Market Performance

Among the decisions most mutual fund portfolio managers make is the number of stocks to hold. We posit that there is an optimal number of stocks for each mutual fund, reflecting the trade-off between diversification benefits versus transactions and monitoring costs. We find a significant quadratic relation between number of stock holdings and risk-adjusted returns for U.S. equity mutual fund portfolios during 1992-2000. Moreover, we find that changes in the number of stocks held over time are more highly correlated with mutual fund flows than with funds' investment returns.
Hospitalists' perspectives on challenging patient encounters and physician well-being: A qualitative study.

Abstract Objective Challenging patient encounters contribute to physician burnout, though little is known about how these impact hospitalists specifically. This study explores how hospitalists characterize challenging patient encounters and their impact on hospitalist well-being to inform organizational efforts. Methods We conducted a qualitative, descriptive study with 15 physician hospitalist faculty at two locations, a tertiary academic and safety-net hospital, utilizing a conceptual framework based on the Stanford Wellness Framework for physician resilience around challenging patient encounters. Results Two themes emerged: feelings of helplessness and time-consuming encounters. Helplessness was associated with systems issues, misaligned patient/provider goals, and violence. Time-consuming encounters were due to systems issues, misaligned goals requiring prolonged conversations, and patient factors. These factors were found to negatively impact hospitalist well-being. Resilience strategies included developing and teaching empathy and seeking expert/colleague opinion through debriefing, peer-to-peer interactions, and external resources. Conclusions Organizational strategies to support hospitalists in the context of challenging patient encounters require a multifaceted approach: improved system processes, fostering a local culture of empathy-building, and supporting peer-to-peer relationships and debriefing mechanisms. Practice implications Enhanced communication around system process improvements and culture of wellness, in addition to communication skills and mindfulness, could improve hospitalist well-being.
The Evoluon Of neurosurgery and Modern –day Pracce

ABSTRACT: Background: The early years of written history- Mesopotamia, Egypt, China and India. We consider surgery as start root of neurosurgery so we include Ancient Greece and Rome from prehistoric times. Material and methods: We search for history of neurosurgery and start with literature on the history and evolution of neurosurgery we selected all kind of articles and published book .We consider event and person that have been making neurosurgery as a specialty. Results: We found neurosurgery as a part of general surgery and medician launching from the ancient times, neurosurgery is believed to be the oldest medical "specialty” of all time. Technological development of other branches of medician and surgery make great impact on neurosurgery a futuristic specialty. Conclusion: Evolution of neurosurgery is time dependent and related with other branches of medician and surgery in initial stages, it is not a separate branch of surgery but in posthistoric era it was. The evolution of neurosurgery is parallel to surgery evolution. In Morden day it is parallel to evolution technology
The Appearance of Election Law

The recent attention to election law implies that questions of reapportionment, voting rights, campaign finance, and the counting of votes belong to the same category of legal questions. In each instance, the evolving Supreme Court jurisprudence emphasizes appearances. The appearance of legislative districts, the appearance of corruption, and the appearance of partisanship are just some of the distinct ways in which the Court has concluded that appearance matter. As with other appearances, what looks to some observers like a gerrymandered district or a corrupting contribution is seen by others as a legitimate apportionment or an innocent expression of political support. This essay encourages greater attention to what is at issue in these cases so that we can learn what "election law" is really all about.
Synthesis of Ceramic Powders and Surface Films From Laser Heated Gases

Two laser initiated gas phase synthesis processes have been developed and the characteristics of resulting materials related to process variables; highly perfect ceramic powders are made in one and thin films in the other. Both were developed because they permit unusual reaction conditions to be achieved with great precision and thereby produce superior reaction products.
Replacement of the Proximal Arch: Should It Be Routine in Patients with Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Ascending Aneurysms?

Multiple lines of evidence establish a relationship between BAV and proximal aortic aneurysms. Emerging indications and techniques are leading to a more standardized surgical approach to these patients. In the individual patient, however, one must use judgment to determine the best approach on the basis of several factors, including age, comorbidities, extent of concomitant surgery, and the expected risk of subsequent complications.
Organizational Reliability Capability Assessment

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Benefits of IEEE 1624-2008 Organizational Reliability Capability Reliability Capability Assessment Design Capability and Performability IEEE 1624 Scoring Guidelines SEI CMMI Scoring Guidelines Organizational Reliability Capability Assessment Process Advantages of High Reliability Conclusions References ]]>
The Value and Price of Active Management

This paper establishes an arbitrage pricing framework for evaluating how valuable fund managers really are. This simple framework allows for an investor to determine whether a manager is over or underpaid by looking at the relationship between the manager’s up-capture and down-capture ratio. The relationship depends on the risk-free rate of return and the expected return on the benchmark portfolio in an “up-state” and a “down-state.” Because of this state dependence and dependence on investor perceptions of market opportunities, a manager who is overpaid in one environment may be underpaid or fairly paid in another environment. Depending on the investor’s expectations, a manager may be more or less valuable. The value of active management is, thus, context and investor dependent.
Quantitative output of the criminal justice system: Case processing indicators for the United States, 1953?1976

Time series trends in the processing of the seven major Index Offenses are assessed over the years 1953–76. Five types of offense-standardized criminal justice processing indicators are defined (arrest, clearance, formal charge, guilty-as-charged, and guilty-but-reduced rates or ratios) and calculated. Comparing patterns over time to evaluate overall processing trends, these data indicate generally positive correlations of processing indicators over the period studied and confirm the hypothesized decline in processing input-output rates and ratios since about 1960. The hypothesized impact of crime rates and juvenile arrest percentage upon these trends is supported generally by structural equation and difference equation analysis. Our analysis indicates that much of the processing trend indeed can be explained in terms of caseload pressures and the proportion of juvenile arrests which drive down the ‘performance’ of the examined processing indicators.
A Pattern for Modeling Rework in Software Development Processes

It is usual for work completed at one point in a software development process to be revisited, or reworked, at a later point. Such rework is informally understood, but if we hope to support reasoning about, and partial automation of, software development processes, rework be more formally understood. In our experience in designing formalized processes in software development and other domains, we have noticed a recurring process pattern that can be used to model rework quite successfully. This paper presents that pattern, which models rework as procedure invocation in a context that is carefully constructed and managed. We present some scenarios drawn from software engineering in which rework occurs. The paper presents rigorously defined models of these scenarios, and demonstrates the applicability of the pattern in constructing these models.
Helping Students with a Disability Meet the National Standards and Grade-Level Outcomes.

Every student must be given the opportunity to participate in physical education and develop the skills and knowledge competencies to become skillful movers for a lifetime. Students with disabilities have unique needs that must be addressed in the least restrictive environment. With the adoption of the National Standards and Grade-level Outcomes for K-12 Physical Education come new challenges for teachers to find ways of adapting activities so that these students can learn and participate. Teachers are often faced with a variety of student needs in a class, and knowing what accommodations best fit each student often overshadows the need to plan daily instruction and assessment that meet standards and outcomes. The purpose of this article is to provide guidelines that teachers can use to create meaningful learning experiences essential to meeting the National Standards and grade-level outcomes for all students.
The People’s Network: The Political Economy of the Telephone in the Gilded Age, by MacDougall, R.

We seem increasingly captivated today by the metaphor of Main Street and Wall Street and the dualities it engenders: community and capital, values and value, morals and money, the Gemeinschaft and ...
Assimilation and Its Discontents: Ironies and Paradoxes

Few concepts in the history of American social science have been as all-encompassing and consequential as “assimilation,” or as fraught with irony and paradox. That master concept long ago penetrated the public discourse and seeped into the national narrative, offering an elemental explanation for a phenomenal accomplishment — the remarkable capacity of a self-professed nation of immigrants to absorb, like a giant global sponge, tens of millions of newcomers of all classes, cultures and countries from all over the world. And yet, few concepts have been so misused and misunderstood, or erected on such deep layers of ethnocentric pretensions. Few have so thoroughly conflated the real with the rhetorical, the idea with the ideal and the ideological, mixing descriptions of what is observable with prescriptions of what is desirable, even framing it as a corollary to the central myth of progress at the heart of the core culture. The ultimate paradox of assimilation American-style may well be that in the process, what is being assimilated metamorphoses into something quite dissimilar from what any of the protagonists ever imagined or intended. It is in these conceptual interstices between theory, rhetoric, and reality that irony and paradox emerge (or at least what appears paradoxical from the vantage of the prevailing worldview). By focusing on ironies and paradoxes — on evidence that contradicts core assumptions and points instead to assimilation’s discontents — my aim in this paper is to test empirically the conception of assimilation as a linear process leading to improvements in immigrant outcomes over time and generation in the U.S. Through the examination of ironic and paradoxical cases — in effect, deviant case analyses of “outcomes of events that mock the fitness of things” — fruitful reformulations can be stimulated, considered and advanced.