cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Profile reconstruction with Silastic chin implants.

A c o N o E P T of facial esthetics has long been an integral part of orthodontic treatment. In his fifth edition of Regulation of the Teeth, Angle1 suggests that “all who hope to attain success in the treatment of dental irregularities should cultivate the habit of observing and carefully studying the normal and abnormal lines of the human face, together with their relations to, and dependence upon, the teeth. ” The importance of the nose-chin-lip relationship is described whenever softtissue esthetics is evaluated. We believe that there is a need for greater communication between the orthodontist and the maxillofacial surgeon or otolaryngologist to develop a true concept of complete profile reconstruction. Patients with facial deformities usually are not aware that there may be a problem with either the teeth, the nose, or the chin. The potential for growth and development inherent in the young orthodontic patient may never be realized. The question resolves itself into one of responsibility. How much responsibility should the orthodontist assume for soft-tissue development? It is commonly agreed today that the movement of teeth will result in alveolar bone remodeling, but any influence on growth beyond the alveolar bone is subject to considerable controversy. Subtelny2 reported that growth changes are expressed in the areas of the nose, the chin, and the lips. He further states: “The soft tissue changes that we can anticipate, incident to treatment, will center around the lips, primarily in the vermillion area. ” With respect to chin size, Garn and associates3 reported that the data they collected suggested genetic simplicity for symphyseal thickness. Humbleton cautions that “although the drape of the soft tissue can be changed dramatically by orthodontic treatment, it must be remembered that many changes will take place regardless bf orthodontic treatment, ” and let me add to this in spite of orthodontic treatment. I do not suggest that there should be a lessening of the meehanotherapeutic at-
T-tube ileostomy for meconium ileus: four decades of experience.

Abstract Background/Purpose: The T-tube ileostomy was first used at Texas Children's Hospital in 1959. The purpose of this study is to update the experience since the initial report of this technique in 1981. Methods: A database of 448 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) seen in the authors' institution was used to identify 83 patients (18.5%) who presented with meconium ileus. The clinic and hospital charts of these patients were reviewed retrospectively to identify patients who had undergone placement of a T-tube ileostomy. Results: Surgery was performed in 60 of 83 patients for complications of meconium ileus or failure to evacuate the meconium after a contrast enema. Of these patients, 21 of 60 (35%) underwent placement of a T-tube ileostomy. An additional 8 patients were identified who underwent placement of a T-tube ileostomy but were not included in the CF database, for a total of 29 patients who have been treated with T-tube ileostomy since 1959 at Texas Children's Hospital. Five patients were excluded from analysis because of insufficient data or misdiagnosis. One of the 24 patients in the series died of complications of prematurity. A total of 20 of 23 patients had resolution of their meconium ileus after T-tube irrigation with n-acetylcysteine or pancreatic enzymes. Three patients required additional surgery to relieve persistent bowel obstruction. All patients had the T-tube removed within the first 8 weeks after surgery. Two patients required subsequent repair of an incisional hernia. There were otherwise no complications of this procedure, with an average follow-up of 11.5 years. Conclusion: In patients with uncomplicated meconium ileus unrelieved by contrast enema, the T-tube ileostomy is an effective and safe treatment. J Pediatr Surg 35:349-352. Copyright © 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company.
Finite element mesh update methods for fluid-structure interaction simulations

Mesh updating is a problem commonly encountered in fluid-structure interaction simulations when structures undergo a large displacement. In this paper, a set of mesh updating strategies based on a "pseudo-solid" model is proposed. Generally, a homogeneous analysis is first performed on the pseudo-solid with prescribed boundary displacements. Different element properties and external forces are then introduced based on strain results from the first analysis. A second analysis is performed on this non-homogeneous model with the goal to maintain element aspect ratio while preserving element volumes. Several numerical simulations are conducted using different combinations of strategies proposed in this paper. In general, the proposed strategies significantly enhance the performance of the pseudo-solid mesh updating method.
Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens sepsis in an autopsy patient: A troublesome diagnostic workup

Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens is an uncommon yet potentially lethal gram-negative bacterium typically affecting patients with comorbidities. We report a case of A. succiniciproducens infection in an autopsy patient who had hepatitis C and type 2 diabetes and describe the difficulties in the laboratory identification of this pathogen.
Configuration mixing in the 3 s -hole state of transition-metal ions

Results of configuration-interaction calculations for transition-metal ions and for neutral Co and Ni atoms are used to interpret $3s$-photoelectron spectra of transition-metal salts. Only internal configuration with electrons in the $3s$, $3p$, and $3d$ orbitals are included for the ions. For the neutral atoms the $4s$ orbitals are also considered in the internal set. An $N$-electron basis consisting of $L S$-projected determinants is used with a numerical Hartree-Fock orbital basis, obtained from a statistical self-consistent-field (SCF) potential including full exchange. Different sets of occupation numbers have been used to determine the SCF potentials, following ideas of Linderberg and \"Ohrn. Both observed $3s$ splittings and relative intensities, where available, are adequately estimated by the calculations. Comparisons are also made to much more ambitious calculations, which are available, in some cases, and good agreement is found.
Electrolyte effects on hydrogen evolution and solution resistance in microbial electrolysis cells

Abstract Protonated weak acids commonly used in microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) solutions can affect the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) through weak acid catalysis, and by lowering solution resistance between the anode and the cathode. Weak acid catalysis of the HER with protonated phosphate, acetate, and carbonate electrolyte species improved MEC performance by lowering the cathode's overpotential by up to 0.30 V at pH 5, compared to sodium chloride electrolytes. Deprotonation of weak acids into charged species at higher pHs improved MEC performance primarily by increasing the electrolyte's conductivity and therefore decreasing the solution resistance between electrodes. The potential contributions from weak acid catalysis and solution resistance were compared to determine whether a reactor would operate more efficiently at lower pH because of the HER, or at higher pH because of solution resistance. Phosphate and acetate electrolytes allowed the MEC to operate more efficiently under more acidic conditions (pH 5). Carbonate electrolytes increased performance from pH 5 to 9 due to a relatively large increases in conductivity. These results demonstrate that specific buffers can substantially contribute to MEC performance through both reduction in cathode overpotential and solution resistance.
Selective oxidations of methyl ricinoleate: Diastereoselective epoxidation with titaniumIV catalysts

Conditions were developed for the selective epoxidation of the double bond of methyl ricinoleate (1) with ethylmethyldioxirane (EMDO) to give the homoallylic epoxyalcohol, methyl (Z)-9,10-oxido-12-hydroxyoctadecanoate (2) in high yields but in poor enantiomeric excess. The diastereomeric ratio for epoxyalcohol 2 was improved modestly when t-butyl-hydroperoxide, coupled with a titanium catalyst and a d-tartrate ligand, was used as oxidizing agent. Reaction of 1 with excess EMDO resulted in the concomitant epoxidation of the double bond and oxidation of the hydroxy group of 1 to give methyl (Z/it)-9,10-oxido-12-oxo-octadecanoate (4), along with methyl 8-(5-hexylfuran-2-yl)octanoate (5). Alternatively, ketoepoxide 4 was prepared by dioxirane oxidation of methyl 12-oxo-(Z)-9-octadecene (3) or by treating epoxyalcohol 2 with sodium hypochlorite. The ketoepoxide 4 is acid-labile and rearranges with loss of water to give furan 5 in high yield.
Neuropeptides in the Pathogenesis of Obesity-Associated Benign Acanthosis Nigricans

The association of acanthosis nigricans with pituitary tumors and insulin-resistant diabetes suggests that a pituitary peptide may promote papillomatosis and acanthosis characteristic of acanthosis nigricans. Although such a peptide has not been isolated, it may derive by sequential cleavage from the 31,000-dalton precursor peptide to ACTH and β-lipotropin (β-LPH). In order to evaluate the role of pituitary peptides in the pathogenesis of acanthosis nigricans, we compared plasma levels of β-endorphin (β-EP) and ACTH in plasma of 8 fasting patients with obesity-associated benign acanthosis nigricans and 7 fasting normal controls utilizing sensitive radioimmunoassay procedures. Mean plasma β-EP levels for the acanthosis nigricans and control subjects were not significantly different (90 pg/ml vs. 140 pg/ml), nor was any significant difference observed between plasma ACTH levels of the 2 groups (42.3 and 31.2 pg/ml, respectively). Our data indicate that plasma levels of the pituitary-derived peptides ACTH and β-EP are not increased in obesity-associated benign acanthosis nigricans, and suggest that its proposed hormonal mediator might originate independently from the large peptide precursor of ACTH, β-LPH and their fragments.
Interest change and continuity from early adolescence to middle adulthood

The present paper discusses the continuity and change of individuals’ vocational interests by reviewing recent research on interest development across the life course. Five forms of change and continuity were proposed to adequately describe interest development. The developmental trajectory of interests based on a recent meta-analysis by Low, Yoon, Roberts, and Rounds (2005) was presented. Mechanisms resulting in change and continuity are discussed within a biopsychosocial context. Implications for understanding the way interests can simultaneously change and become stable were presented.
Abstract 4879: Identification of the hSET1 as a unique marker to cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Our recent studies have shown that human SET1, a key element of highly conserved multi-protein histone methyl transferase (HMT) complex known to catalyze methylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) and regulating expression of specific genes important for the malignant phenotype, differentially over-expressed in the cancer cells. RT-PCR competition assay were developed using oligonucleotides, designed from the conserved sequences from the flanking regions of hSET1 and have shown that the sequences of hSET1 are unique to the malignant tumor tissues. The studies have been extended to the cultured cells and hSET1 has been shown to be differentially over-expressed in the malignant cells as compared to the normal cells at the RNA as well as protein level. The potential importance of these observations is underscored by our recently published studies showing complete regression of human colon cancer xenografts in nude-mice treated with phosphorothioate antisense to cause near complete depletion of SET1 in the animal. No significant adverse effects were seen, and all animals treated with antisense had regression of already established xenografts after i.p. injection of SET1 directed phosphorothioate antisense. In contrast, tumor progression was not affected by a paired scrambled antisense. These findings indicate that amplification by RT-PCR of specific circulating tumor-specific ribonucleotides may be a powerful tool for early detection of cancer, and perhaps a means for selecting patient-specific targeted therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4879.
The DOME embedded 64 bit microserver demonstrator

We describe the motivation, goals and decision process of the IBM-ASTRON DOME microserver project. With our research demonstrator we aim to evaluate the applicability of this technology for performing the processing required for the Square Kilometer Array instrument as well as for new business workloads. Our focus is on energy efficiency employing hot-water cooling and cost-effectiveness. We show how we were able to get business applications running on high-performance system-on-a-chip parts designed for embedded systems, and show the current status of our project.
Synchronization-sensitive motion and interpolation-based frame estimation in video lossy transmission

In movie transmission, video frames are subject to loss due to noise and/or congestion. The loss of video frames could cause a loss of synchronization between the audio and video streams. If not corrected, this cumulative loss can seriously degrade the motion picture's quality beyond viewers' tolerance. Furthermore, many Internet applications providing video and audio streams have to operate in a limited resource environment. The luxury of time and abundant resources is not present, especially for applications like video conferencing and movie provision on demand. In this paper, we develop and study real time motion-based and interpolation-based techniques for performing synchronization-sensitive frame estimation using existing received frames only, without the need for retransmissions or error control information. The estimated frames are then injected at their appropriate locations in the movie stream in order to bring back the synchronization within the tolerance level of viewers. We attempt to find a very close estimation to the original frames at a suitable computation cost. We utilize a normalized luminance model for tracking motion between received frames in the presence of lost data. We ultimately use the generated motion vectors to reconstruct missing data in frames, and to restore synchronization loss between transmitted audio and video streams. We also develop quadratic and linear interpolations for the same purpose. In addition, hybrids of such techniques were developed to best utilize the performance of each developed frame estimation technique under varying degrees of losses and different scene types. Using our techniques, we were able to fully restore synchronization between audio and video streams, with a corresponding estimation of data loss. Both objective and subjective evaluations were performed on the achieved results.
CARDIO—A Lotus 1-2-3 based computer program for rapid calculation of cardiac output from dye or thermal dilution curves

We have developed a menu-driven computer program (CARDIO), based on a Lotus 1-2-3 template and a series of macrocommands, that rapidly and semiautomatically calculates cardiac output from dye or thermal dilution curves. CARDIO works with any dye or thermal dilution recorder with an analog output, any analog to digital (A-to-D) conversion system, and any computer capable of running Lotus 1-2-3 version 2. No prior experience with Lotus 1-2-3 is needed to operate CARDIO, but experienced users can take full advantage of Lotus 1-2-3's graphics, data manipulation, and data retrieval capabilities.
The Case of the Failed Nomination: Subtexts in a State Legislature

Just nine days after what was to have been a routine confirmation hearing, John S. Arnick, a 23-year member of the Maryland House of Delegates, withdrew his name from consideration for a position on the Baltimore County District Court. Arnick became the first gubernatorial nominee for a judgeship since 1968 who did not receive confirmation. This event touches upon a number of underlying subtexts of interest to political scientists, especially those who follow state legislatures and their processes-judicial confirmation procedures at the state level, prevalence of "insider-vs.-outsider" mentality within a state legislature, persistence of sexism in the environment of a state capital, impact of women legislators on the political culture and procedures, citizen attentiveness to the political process, and the consequences of the growing use of radio shows and telephone calls to influence the actions of elected officials.
Disclosure decisions among pregnant women who received donor oocytes: a phenomenological study

Objective To investigate the controversy surrounding disclosure among donor oocyte recipients. This controversy is escalating worldwide, yet little research has sought to understand the disclosure experience of pregnant, donor oocyte recipient women. This study aims to provide an in-depth description of the disclosure experience, and identify factors that were significant to recipient women which influenced their reasoning as they formulated disclosure decisions. Design Qualitative, naturalistic design, using a phenomenological approach. Setting The home or private office of the recipient woman. Patient(s) Donor oocyte recipient women between 9–23 weeks of gestation. Result(s) Disclosure decisions were influenced by multiple factors emerging from the women's values and beliefs and their social and cultural environment. Values and beliefs consisted of the right to know and the duty to protect. Social and cultural factors included social support, culture of the family, evolution of the social process, and personal testimonials. Women's age and selection of donor type were interrelated with disclosure decisions. Conclusion(s) Disclosing women voiced the right of the child to know, and perceived social and cultural factors as conducive to disclosure. Nondisclosing and undecided women emphasized protecting normative relationships, perceived a social stigma, and were unable to identify a benefit to disclosing. Women's age and choice of oocyte donor should be considered when counseling recipient women.
Improving principal component analysis using Bayesian estimation

Bayesian estimation is used in this paper to derive a new PCA (principal component analysis) modeling algorithm that improves the estimation accuracy by incorporating prior knowledge about the data and model. It is shown that the algorithm is more general than the existing methods [PCA and MLPCA (maximum-likelihood PCA)], and reduces to these techniques when a uniform prior is used. It is also shown that, when no external information is available, an empirically estimated prior from the available data can still provide improved accuracy over non-Bayesian methods.
There are 2(aleph 0) many almost strongly minimal generalized n-gons that do not interpret an infinite group

Generalized n -gons are certain geometric structures (incidence geometries) that generalize the concept of projective planes (the nontrivial generalized 3-gons are exactly the projective planes). In a simplified world, every generalized n -gon of finite Morley rank would be an algebraic one, i.e., one of the three families described in [9] for example. To our horror, John Baldwin [2], using methods discovered by Hrushovski [7], constructed ℵ 1 -categorical projective planes which are not algebraic. The projective planes that Baldwin constructed fail to be algebraic in a dramatic way. Indeed, every algebraic projective plane over an algebraically closed field is Desarguesian [12]. In particular, an algebraically closed field (isomorphic to the base field) can be interpreted in every one of them. However, in the projective planes that Baldwin constructed, one cannot even interpret an infinite group. In this article we show that the same phenomenon occurs for the generalized n -gons if n ≥ 3 is an odd integer. For each such n we construct many nonisomorphic generalized n -gons of finite Morley rank that do not interpret an infinite group. As one may expect, our method is inspired by Hrushovski and Baldwin, and we follow Baldwin's line of approach. Quite often our proofs are a verification of the fact that the proofs of Baldwin [2] for n = 3 carry over to an arbitrary positive odd integer n (which is sometimes far from being obvious). As in [2], we begin by defining a certain collection of finite graphs K * and a binary relation ≤ on these graphs. We show that ( K *, ≤) satisfies the amalgamation property.
SlugTransit: a location-based public transportation management system

In this paper, we describe SlugTransit, an on-line location-based system which allows public transportation systems to be managed in a cost-effective manner while improving overall system's usability and user satisfaction. SlugTransit vehicles report their location in real-time to SlugTransit base stations; vehicle location information is then uploaded and stored in a database. Software updates and log file retrievals are done through SlugTransit gateway's. Through a visual, Web-based interface, system operators as well as users have access to current location information in real-time. This capability enables operators to better manage the transportation network, improving efficiency and, at the same time, user satisfaction.
Blood gas analyses on equine blood: required correction factors

Correction factors have been determined to obtain the best estimates of PO2, PCO2 and pH in equine blood with standard blood gas and pH electrodes. There was a significant difference between the PO2 readings for tonometred blood of most horses and the equilibrating gas. Thus, if the PO2 electrode is calibrated with a gas, an electrode correction factor should be obtained by tonometring a blood sample from each horse. This factor was not dependent on packed cell volume. No such correction is required for the PCO2 electrode. If the animal's temperature differs from that of the analyser, the PO2, PCO2 and pH values must be corrected to the animal's body temperature. Temperature correction factors determined for equine blood were similar to those for human blood. Failure to make temperature corrections can result in errors for PO2 and PCO2 of 6 to 7 per cent per degree of temperature difference.
Bacterial Chemotaxis: a New Player in Response Regulator Dephosphorylation

Escherichia coli chemotaxis is arguably the best understood of all biological behaviors, but even this relatively “simple” system continues to offer up new molecular insights from Evolution’s bag of signaling tricks. The latest surprise comes from Silversmith et al. (15), who report in this issue how the X-ray structure of a mutant CheY protein led them to the discovery of a CheY residue that plays a special role in this response regulator’s phosphorylation activities. Their story not only clarifies a mechanistically murky step in chemotactic signal transduction but also provides us with a nice example of molecular detective work.
Appearance of colored patterns: pattern-color separability.

We have measured how color appearance of square-wave bars varies with stimulus strength and spatial frequency. Observers adjusted the color of a uniform patch to match the color appearance of the bars in square-wave patterns. We used low-to-moderate square-wave patterns, from 1 to 8 cycles per degree (c/deg). The matches are not photoreceptor matches but rather are established at more central neural sites. The signals at the putative central sites obey several simple regularities. The cone contrast of the uniform patch is proportional to square-wave stimulus strength (color homogeneity) and additive with respect to the superposition of equal-frequency square waves containing different colors (color superposition). We use the asymmetric matches to derive, from first principles, three pattern–color-separable appearance pathways. The matches are explained by two spectrally opponent, spatially low-pass mechanisms and one spectrally positive, spatially bandpass mechanism. The spectral mechanisms that we derive are similar to luminance and opponent mechanisms that are derived with entirely different experimental methods.
CATSPER Channel-Mediated Ca2+ Entry into Mouse Sperm Triggers a Tail-to-Head Propagation

Abstract Many Ca2+ channel proteins have been detected in mammalian sperm, but only the four CATSPER channels have been clearly shown to be required for male fertility. Ca2+ entry through the principal piece-localized CATSPER channels has been implicated in the activation of hyperactivated motility. In the present study, we show that the Ca2+ entry also triggers a tail-to-head Ca2+ propagation in the mouse sperm. When activated with 8-Br-cAMP, 8-Br-cGMP, or alkaline depolarization, a CATSPER-dependent increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration starts in the principal piece, propagates through the midpiece, and reaches the head in a few seconds. The Ca2+ propagation through the midpiece leads to a Ca2+-dependent increase in NADH fluorescence. In addition, CatSper1-mutant sperm have lower intracellular ATP levels than wild-type sperm. Thus, a Ca2+ influx in the principal piece through CATSPER channels can not only initiate hyperactivated motility, but can also trigger a tail-to-head Ca2+ propagation that ...
Amplitude modulated photostimulation for probing neuronal network dynamics

Sensory input arrives in the cortex in the form of dynamic synaptic currents to populations of neurons. How cortical neurons encode and transmit these inputs ultimately determines the cognitive and behavioral response of the animal. Therefore, a number of theoretical studies have attempted to explain the cortical population response in model neuronal networks [1]. Yet, there are few experimental platforms for studying the dynamical rate responses in large living networks that match the manipulability of computational models. As a result, most experimental studies examining cortical input response properties are confined to independent or single neurons, e.g. [2]. Optogenetic techniques in dissociated cultured networks (DCNs) that are grown on multielectrode arrays (MEAs) offer an opportunity to test key aspects of network response dynamics. However, controlling the spontaneous activity of DCNs and imposing a specific irregular activity pattern is challenging [3]. Here, we report that continuous fluctuating light stimulation has several major effects on DNCs that express Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2): (1) it inhibits network-wide bursting and leads to a unimodal interspike interval distribution of single units (figure ​(figure1)1) that resembles those observed in vivo [4]; (2) the single unit response to light fluctuations is temporally reliable and stable for prolonged periods of time; (3) the correlation between light and population firing can be > 0.6 for light fluctuations that have a 50 msec time constant; and (4) using a generalized linear framework we show that the linear response kernel can be used to predict the firing activity of neurons that are driven by light stimuli. Figure 1 Figure 1. (above) DCN expression patterns of neuron-specific neuronal nuclear protien (NeuN), pyramidal specific CaMKIIa, and the ChR2 tag mCherry. The dots labeled ‘e’ are electrodes embedded in the MEA. (right) Inter-spike interval distribution ... These results indicate that amplitude modulated optogenetic stimulation with LEDs is an efficient tool for providing correlated input currents to thousands of pyramidal cells embedded in DCNs while recording spiking activity in hundreds of individual neurons using an MEA. Because DCNs can be created with specified proportions of different cell types and allow easy pharmacological access, this technique opens a new level of control over living neuronal populations for testing theories of cortical response properties and small signal representation under different network parameter regimes.
Patient Safety In Emergency Situations: A Web-Based Pediatric Arrest Medication Calculator

: To prevent adverse drug events for pediatric patients, increase care provider efficiency, and reduce stress for care providers, a technology tool was developed that calculates medication dosage requirements during emergency situations. This article describes a simple low-cost technological solution for improving patient safety and care-provider assurance. Follow-up studies provide validation of the technology tool.
Use of simulation to assess a statistically driven surgical scheduling system.

Abstract Background To maximize operating room (OR) utilization, better estimates of case duration lengths are needed. We used computerized simulation to determine whether scheduling OR cases using a statistically driven system that incorporates patient and surgery-specific factors in the process of case duration prediction improves OR throughput and utilization. Methods We modeled surgical and anesthetic length of vascular surgical procedures as a function of patient and operative characteristics using a multivariate linear regression approach (Predictive Modeling System [PMS]). Mean historical operative time per surgeon (HMS) and mean anesthetic time were also calculated for each procedure type. A computerized simulation of scheduling in a single OR performing vascular operations was then created using either the PMS or the HMS. Results Compared to HMS, scheduling the operating room using the PMS increased throughput by a minimum of 15% (99.8% cumulative probability, P versus 11% of operative days during a calendar year, P versus 95 min per day of overtime, P versus 34% of operative days, P versus 193 min per day of underutilization, P Conclusions This computerized simulation demonstrates that using the PMS for scheduling in a single operating room increases throughput and other measures of surgical efficiency.
Automatic extraction of web search interfaces for interface schema integration

This paper provides an overview of a technique for extracting information from the Web search interfaces of e-commerce search engines that is useful for supporting automatic search interface integration. In particular, we discuss how to group elements and labels on a search interface into attributes and how to derive certain meta-information for each attribute.
Switching flow-graph nonlinear modelling technique

A unified graphical modeling technique, "Switching Flow-Graph" is developed to study the nonlinear dynamic behavior of pulse-width-modulated (PWM) switching converters. Switching converters are variable structure systems with linear subsystems. Each subsystem can be represented by a flow-graph. The Switching Flow-Graph is obtained by combining the flowgraphs of the subsystems through the use of switching branches. The Switching Flow-Graph model is easy to derive, and it provides a visual representation of a switching converter system. Experiments demonstrate that the Switching Flow-Graph model has very good accuracy. >
Constructing Similarity Graphs from Large-Scale Biological Sequence Collections

Detecting similar pairs in large biological sequence collections is one of the most commonly performed tasks in computational biology. With the advent of high throughput sequencing technologies the problem regained significance as data sets with millions of sequences became ubiquitous. This paper is an initial report on our parallel, distributed memory and sketching-based approach to constructing large-scale sequence similarity graphs. We develop load balancing techniques, derived from multi-way number partitioning and work stealing, to manage computational imbalance and ensure scalability on thousands of processors. Our experimental results show that the method is efficient, and can be used to analyze data sets with millions of DNA sequences in acceptable time limits.
EVALUATION OF A COMPUTER-BASED APPROACH TO TEACHING ACID/BASE PHYSIOLOGY

Because acid/base physiology is a difficult subject for most medical and veterinary students, the first author designed a software program, Acid/Base Primer, that would help students with this topi...
Criteria for evaluation of breast cancer survivorship care plans

Survivorship care plans are comprehensive, individualized documents that are recommended for all cancer survivors by the Institute of Medicine, and soon to be required by the Commission on Cancer. Breast cancer survivors are in many ways an ideal population for provision of survivorship care plans due to prominence within the survivorship population, relatively well-understood risk for late effects, data supporting improved outcomes with aggressive survivorship management and general interest within the population. Care plans that are provided must be of excellent quality in order to provide benefit, and quality should be measured with regard to content accuracy and language, customized information, completeness, applicability to diverse user groups and feasibility.
Situating Inherent Power within a Rules Regime

My goal in this short Essay is to describe the way that inherent power is understood and applied within our procedural framework, and to suggest the need for a more robust account of the contemporary relationship between inherent power and formal procedural rules. Part I describes two roles – one legitimate and one not – that inherent power can play vis-a-vis the rules. Part II examines how those roles are often confused or manipulated, with the result that inherent power remains available to justify judicial action in an undesirably large class of cases. Finally, Part III explores ways to clarify the relationship between rules and inherent power. Although this clarification could be accomplished through a shift in judicial practice, a preferable approach would be to seek an amendment to the rules themselves that would better articulate their intended scope. Such an amendment would make it easier for lawyers to predict the procedural requirements that may actually be imposed in a given case, and would ultimately further civil justice reform by making the rules – and thus the rulemaking process – more meaningful.
Alternative Time–Frequency Representations

The spectrogram is a well-studied time–frequency representation, but there are numerous others. There has been a rich literature on this subject, and many different time–frequency representations have been devised, studied, and applied to various signal analysis problems (e.g. [1]). Unfortunately, the subject has never to my knowledge been made accessible to speech scientists, with the result that we have rarely availed ourselves of any such representations other than the spectrogram. This chapter is an attempt to rectify this situation somewhat, although the presentation takes on a more advanced mathematical character at certain points.
Idiotypes and biological activity of murine monoclonal antibodies against the hemagglutinin of measles virus

Three hybridomas, designated C2, V17, and B2, were produced from BALB/c mice after immunization with measles virus. All three were directed against the virus hemagglutinin (HA). The HA is a structural peptide of the virus and constitutes a major target for the host immune response during measles infection. The monoclonal anti-HA antibodies have biological functions such as (i) measles virus neutralization in vitro, (ii) binding to acutely and persistently infected cells, and (iii) inhibition of HA-mediated Rhesus monkey erythrocyte agglutination. Different idiotypes, designated HAMM-1, HAMM-2, and HAMM-3, were defined on C2, V17, and B2, respectively, by syngeneic anti-idiotype sera against those three monoclonal antibodies. A limited cross-reactivity with the HAMM-1 idiotype was detected in sera from some BALB/c mice immunized with measles virus. The anti-idiotype sera could significantly inhibit the biological functions of the HAMM-1 and HAMM-3 idiotypes bearing monoclonal anti-HA-antibodies. This suggests a possible role for auto-anti-idiotypes in the immune response after infection with measles virus.
Downregulation of cardiac myocyte Na+-K+-ATPase by adenovirus-mediated expression of an α-subunit fragment

Cultured rat cardiac myocytes and A7r5 cells were transfected with an adenoviral vector used earlier for in vivo expression of functional α2-isoform of the catalytic subunit of rat Na+-K+-ATPase. E...
The Influence of Social Character on Preference for Social versus Objective Information in Advertising

An experimental investigation was made of the effect of Riesman's construct of social character on consumers’ use and preference for social compared with objective information in evaluating product...
In-vitro Inactivation of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics by Piperacillin and Carbenicilin

Clinical microbiology laboratory experiences wherein aminoglycoside serum assay results appeared inconsistent with the amount of the compound given when administered in combination with a semisynthetic penicillin led us to compare the interaction of three currently available aminoglycoside antibiotics with carbenicillin, as a representative semisynthetic penicillin given in large doses, and with piperacillin, a new broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin. Amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin were incubated in serum in vitro with various concentrations of carbenicillin and piperacillin. In the presence of very high concentrations of the two penicillins, tobramycin was the most rapidly inactivated aminoglycoside, gentamicin was next, and amikacin was only slightly inactivated. With low concentrations of the two penicillins, the rates of aminoglycoside inactivation were negligible. Carbenicillin, in high concentration, inactivated the aminoglycosides more rapidly than piperacillin. In patients experiencing renal failure, the maintenance of moderate serum levels of carbenicillin and piperacillin may be important in attempting to maintain adequate aminoglycoside serum levels.
Crystal structure of [tris­(pyridin-2-ylmeth­yl)amine-κ4N]copper(II) bromide

In the asymmetric unit of the title compound, [CuBr(C18H18N4)]Br, there are three crystallographically independent cations. One of the cations exhibits positional disorder of the pyridin-2-yl­methyl groups over two sets of sites with refined occupancies of 0.672 (8) and 0.328 (8). The outer-sphere bromine counter-ion is severely disordered over multiple sites. In each cation, the CuII ion is coordinated by the four N atoms of the tris­(pyridin-2-ylmeth­yl)amine ligand and one bromine and adopts a slightly distorted trigonal–bipyramidal geometry.
Depression and anxiety in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A systematic review

Abstract Objective An increasing number of studies have been conducted to look at anxiety and depression in IBD; however, there is no clear consensus on the prevalence of anxiety and depression in this population. The objective of this systematic review was to compile the existing data on the prevalence of all mood and anxiety disorders in Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients. Methods A series of comprehensive literature searches of Medline, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, AMED, and ProQuest Dissertations were performed through March 2014. Inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed, published scientific articles that reported a measurement of mood or anxiety among IBD patients. Only studies with adults (≥ 18 years old) and with more than 10 patients were included. Methodological quality was assessed for all included studies. Results 171 articles were identified with a total of 158,371 participants. Pooled prevalence estimate for anxiety disorders was 20.5% [4.9%, 36.5%] and 35.1% [30.5, 39.7%] for symptoms of anxiety. IBD patients in active disease had higher prevalence of anxiety of 75.6% [65.5%, 85.7%] compared to disease remission. Pooled prevalence of depression disorders was 15.2% [9.9%, 20.5%] and was 21.6% [18.7%, 24.3%] for symptoms of depression. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was higher in Crohn's disease (25.3% [20.7%, 30.0%]) compared to UC, and higher with active disease (40.7% [31.1%, 50.3%]) compared to IBD patients in remission. Conclusion Results from this systematic review indicate that patients with IBD have about a 20% prevalence rate of anxiety and a 15% prevalence rate of depression.
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw and Atypical Femoral Fractures

Bisphosphonates reduce the risk of spine and nonspine fractures, including hip fractures. However, they are associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) and atypical femoral fractures. The incidence of ONJ is highest in patients with malignancy receiving high doses of intravenous bisphosphonates and denosumab, and is considerably lower in patients receiving lower doses of bisphosphonates for osteoporosis and Paget disease, with estimates ranging from 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 250,000. Major risk factors for ONJ are antiresorptive drug potency, longer duration of use, periodontal disease, dental extractions, or trauma. The pathogenesis is likely related to suppression of bone remodeling, common to both bisphosphonates and denosumab, and infection and inflammation. Atypical subtrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures are associated with long-term bisphosphonate, and more recently with denosumab use, but also occur in patients who have never been exposed to these drugs. Although the estimated relative risks of atypical femoral fractures range from xx to xx in patients on bisphosphonates, their absolute risk is low, ranging from 3.2 to 50 cases per 100,000 person-years. Given the very low incidence of ONJ and atypical femur fractures in patients treated with bisphosphonates for osteoporosis versus the marked reduction in fracture risk associated with these drugs, the risk to benefit ratio for the use of bisphosphonates and denosumab clearly favors treating patients with a prior fragility fracture, a spine or femur neck T-score below –2.5, or at high risk of fractures.
Impact of Prophylactic Fentanyl Pectin Nasal Spray on Exercise-Induced Episodic Dyspnea in Cancer Patients: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Context Episodic breathlessness is common and debilitating in cancer patients. Objectives In this pilot study, we examined the effect of prophylactic fentanyl pectin nasal spray (FPNS) on exercise-induced dyspnea, physiologic function, and adverse events. Methods In this parallel, double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial, opioid-tolerant patients performed three six-minute walk tests (6MWTs) to induce dyspnea. They were randomized to receive either FPNS (15%–25% of total daily opioid dose each time) or placebo 20 minutes before the second and third 6MWTs. We compared dyspnea Numeric Rating Scale (NRS, 0–10, primary outcome), walk distance, vital signs, neurocognitive function, and adverse events between the first and second 6MWTs (T2-T1) and between the first and third 6MWTs (T3-T1). Results Twenty-four patients enrolled, with 96% completion. FPNS was associated with significant within-arm reduction in dyspnea NRS at rest (T2-T1: −0.9 [95% CI −1.7, −0.1]; T3-T1: −1.3 [95% CI −2.0, −0.5]) and at the end of a 6MWT (T2-T1: −2.0 [95% CI −3.5, −0.6]; T3-T1: −2.3 [95% CI −4.0, −0.7]), and longer walk distance (T2-T1 +23.8 m [95% CI +1.3, +46.2 m]; T3-T1: +23.3 m [95% CI −1.7, +48.2]). In the placebo arm, we observed no significant change in walk distance nor dyspnea NRS at rest, but significant reduction in dyspnea NRS at six minutes (T2-T1: −1.7 [95% CI −3.3, −0.1]; T3-T1: −2.5 [95% CI −4.2, −0.9]). Vital signs, neurocognitive function, and adverse effects did not differ significantly. Conclusion FPNS was safe, reduced dyspnea at rest, and increased walk distance in before-after comparison. The placebo effect was substantial, which needs to be factored in future study designs. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01832402.
Development and Reform under Military Rule

The wave of military coups that swept through Latin America beginning in the mid-1960s ushered into power a new model of dictatorship. Gone were the days when ambitious military dictators unabashedly set about accumulating personal power. Likewise, the era when coups produced caretaker military regimes which performed a regulatory function had also come to an end. Defending the need for intervention to rescue their nations from turmoil, these new military rulers now proclaimed the establishment of institutional regimes committed to a fundamental restructuring of the political and economic order. In a message addressed to the Argentine people in the immediate aftermath of the 1976 coup, General Jorge Videla succinctly expressed the messianic mission of the new military dictatorships: ‘[the coup] represent[s] more than the mere overthrow of a government. [It] signif[ies] the final closing of a historic cycle and the opening of a new one whose fundamental characteristic will be manifested by the reorganisation of the nation, a task undertaken with a true spirit of service by the armed forces.’1
Expression of Active Subunit of Nitrogenase via Integration into Plant Organelle Genome.

Nitrogen availability is crucial for crop yield with nitrogen fertilizer accounting for a large percentage of farmers’ expenses. However, an untimely or excessive application of fertilizer can increase risks of negative environmental effects. These factors, along with the environmental and energy costs of synthesizing nitrogen fertilizer, led us to seek out novel biotechnology-driven approaches to supply nitrogen to plants. The strategy we focused on involves transgenic expression of nitrogenase, a bacterial multi-subunit enzyme that can capture atmospheric nitrogen. Here we report expression of the active Fe subunit of nitrogenase via integration into the tobacco plastid genome of bacterial gene sequences modified for expression in plastid. Our study suggests that it will be possible to engineer plants that are able to produce their own nitrogen fertilizer by expressing nitrogenase genes in plant plastids.
The End of Radiology? Three Threats to the Future Practice of Radiology.

Abstract Radiology faces at least three major, potentially fatal, threats. First, as care moves out of the hospital, there will be a decrease in demand for imaging. More care in patients' homes and in other nonhospital settings means fewer medical tests, including imaging. Second, payment reform and, in particular, bundled payments and capitation mean that imaging will become a cost rather than a profit center. These shifts in provider payment will decrease the demand for imaging and disrupt the practice of radiology. Potentially, the ultimate threat to radiology is machine learning. Machine learning will become a powerful force in radiology in the next 5 to 10 years and could end radiology as a thriving specialty.