cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Barriers to pneumococcal and influenza vaccination in older community-dwelling adults (2000-2001).

Objectives: To identify facilitators of and barriers to vaccination in patients from a range of socioeconomic levels. Design: A survey was conducted in 2001 using computer-assisted telephone interviewing. Setting: Patients from inner-city health centers and suburban practices were interviewed. Participants: Inclusion criteria were aged 66 and older and an office visit after September 30, 1998. Measurements: Self-reported influenza and pneumococcal vaccination status and facilitating conditions, attitudes, social influences, and perceived consequences from the Triandis model were assessed. Results: Overall, 557 interviews were completed with 775 eligible patients (72%). Patients who reported having received pneumococcal vaccine more frequently believed that their physicians recommended the vaccine than did the unvaccinated (97% vs 49%; P=.001). This was also true for influenza vaccine (99% vs 80%; P<.001). More unvaccinated patients than vaccinated patients felt that obtaining either vaccine was more trouble than it is worth (pneumococcal 19% vs 1%; P=.04, influenza 20% vs 1%; P=.004). The vaccinated were more likely to be willing to obtain the influenza and pneumococcal vaccines at the same time (pneumococcal 91% vs 59%; P=.002, influenza 91% vs 55%; P=.014). Conclusion: Physicians should take every opportunity to recommend vaccination to their eligible adult patients. Offering influenza and pneumococcal vaccines at the same visit is an acceptable means to ensure that adults are fully vaccinated.
Numerical Solution of Models

The ultimate goal of much performance analysis is to generate numerical performance results for a particular system under specific conditions. These can take the form of tables or a set of performance curves. They are a variety of numerical techniques available, ranging from the brute force solution of the state equations to clever algorithms to Monte Carlo type simulation. With all these techniques the cost of solution in terms of solution time and computer memory requirements are important considerations. The cost of of solving a system of even moderate complexity may be prohibitively expensive for a particular technique and computer installation. There is a tradeoff between our ability to model and our ability to solve such models. There is thus an advantage to simplified models which capture the most important aspects of the system in question.
STAT4 Signal Pathways Regulate Inflammation and Airway Physiology Changes in Allergic Airway Inflammation Locally Via Alteration of Chemokines

Mice homozygous for the STAT4-null mutation were sensitized to cockroach Ag, challenged intratracheally 21 days later, and compared with STAT4-competent allergic mice. The STAT4(-/-) mice showed significant decreases in airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and peribronchial eosinophils compared with wild-type controls. In addition, pulmonary levels of chemokines were decreased in the STAT4(-/-) mice, including CC chemokine ligand (CCL)5, CCL6, CCL11, and CCL17. However, levels of Th2-type cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13, as well as serum IgE levels were similar in the two groups. Transfer of splenic lymphocytes from sensitized wild-type mice into sensitized STAT4(-/-) mice did not restore AHR in the mutant mice. Furthermore, chemokine production and peribronchial eosinophilia were not restored during the cellular transfer experiments. Thus, it appears that STAT4 expression contributes to a type 2 process such as allergen-induced chemokine production and AHR. In additional studies, competent allergic mice were treated with anti-IL-12 locally in the airways at the time of allergen rechallenge. These latter studies also demonstrated a decrease in AHR. Altogether, these data suggest that STAT4-mediated pathways play a role locally within the airway for the exacerbation of the allergen-induced responses.
TATA-dependent and TATA-independent function of the basal and heat shock elements of a human hsp70 promoter.

Abstract We have characterized the interactions between the TATA element and other sequence elements of a human heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) promoter by a mutational approach. Expression of a distal element of this promoter requires an intact TATA element in human cell lines. The hsp70 TATA element can be functionally replaced for this interaction by TATA elements from the simian virus 40 early and adenovirus EIIa promoters. The TATA element in this promoter therefore both determines the appropriate start site and determines strength by allowing function of the distal element. In contrast, three proximal upstream elements necessary for basal and heat-regulated transcription have no requirement either for a TATA element or for any other proximal element. The behavior of promoters multiply mutant in these proximal elements implies that these elements function independently. We examined the interaction between the heat shock element (HSE) and the TATA element as the distance between the two factor-binding sites was increased. It was necessary to create a mutant HSE with an extended consensus sequence in order for the HSE to function at a distance. Moving this extended HSE 500 bases upstream did not increase its dependence on the TATA element, suggesting that the TATA independence of this element is intrinsic to its function and is not determined by distance from the promoter.
The cell biology of renal filtration

The function of the kidney, filtering blood and concentrating metabolic waste into urine, takes place in an intricate and functionally elegant structure called the renal glomerulus. Normal glomerular function retains circulating cells and valuable macromolecular components of plasma in blood, resulting in urine with just trace amounts of proteins. Endothelial cells of glomerular capillaries, the podocytes wrapped around them, and the fused extracellular matrix these cells form altogether comprise the glomerular filtration barrier, a dynamic and highly selective filter that sieves on the basis of molecular size and electrical charge. Current understanding of the structural organization and the cellular and molecular basis of renal filtration draws from studies of human glomerular diseases and animal models of glomerular dysfunction.
Evaluation of Crack Tip Constraint Effects on the Assessment of Pipes Subjected to Combined Loading Conditions

Under certain conditions, pipelines may be submitted to biaxial loading situations. In these cases, questions arise about how biaxial loading influence the driving force (i.e.: CTOD, J-integral) of possible presented cracks and how affects the material fracture toughness. For further understanding of biaxial loading effects on fracture mechanics behavior of cracked pipelines, this work presents a numerical analysis of crack-tip constraint of circumferentially surface cracked pipes and SENT specimens using full 3D nonlinear computations. The objective is to examine combined loading effects on the correlation of fracture behavior for the analyzed cracked configurations. The constraint study using the J-Q methodology and the h parameter gives information about the fracture specimen that best represents the crack-tip conditions on circumferentially flawed pipes under combined loads. Additionally, simulations of ductile tearing in a surface cracked plate under biaxial loading using the computational cell methodology demonstrate the negligible effect of biaxial loadings on resistance curves.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Surface Morphology of Nb Films by Ion Beam Assisted Deposition

Niobium films of thickness 50 nm to 1000 nm were deposited by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) using ion energies of 0, 500 and 1000 eV, and R ratios (ion-to-atom arrival rate ratio) of 0, 0.1, and 0.4 on (100) silicon and (0001) sapphire substrates. The films have columnar structures and the column width increases with normalized energy (En = E × R). The surface morphology depends on both the normalized energy of the ion beam, En, and the film thickness. All films have dome-like surface features that are oriented along the ion beam incident direction. The dimension of these features increases with normalized energy and film thickness. Surface roughness also increases with normalized energy and film thickness, with the root mean square (rms) roughness increasing from 1.6 nm for the PVD sample (100 nm thick) to 36.7 nm for the IBAD film (1000 eV, R = 0.4, 800 nm thick). The surface morphology of IBAD films is the result of a combination of channeling and shadowing effects.
Calign: aligning sequences with restricted affine gap penalties.

MOTIVATION Given a genomic DNA sequence, it is still an open problem to determine its coding regions, i.e. the region consisting of exons and introns. The comparison of cDNA and genomic DNA helps the understanding of coding regions. For such an application, it might be adequate to use the restricted affine gap penalties which penalize long gaps with a constant penalty. RESULTS Several techniques developed for solving the approximate string-matching problem are employed to yield efficient algorithms for computing the optimal alignment with restricted affine gap penalties. In particular, efficient algorithms can be derived based on the suffix automaton with failure transitions and on the diagonalwise monotonicity of the cost tables. We have implemented the above methods in C on Sun workstations running SunOS Unix. Preliminary experiments show that these approaches are very promising for aligning a cDNA sequence with a genomic DNA sequence. AVAILABILITY Calign is available free of charge by anonymous ftp at: iubio.bio. indiana.edu, directory: molbio/align, files: calign.driver.c calign. c. Another URL reference for the files is http://iubio.bio.indiana.edu/soft/molbio/align/+ ++calign.c.
Polynomial-time program transformations in deductive databases

We investigate the complexity of various optimization techniques for logic databases. In particular, we provide polynomial-time algorithms for restricted versions of common program transformations, and show that a minor relaxation of these restrictions leads to NP-hardness. To this end, we define the k-containment problem on conjunctive queries, and show that while the 2-containment problem is in P, the 3-containment problem is NP-complete. These results provide a complete description of the complexity of conjunctive query containment. We also extend these results to provide a natural characterization of certain optimization problems in logic databases, such as the detection of sequencability and commutativity among pairs of Linear rules, the detection of 1-boundedness in sirups, and the detection of ZYT-linearizability in simple nonlinear recursions.
A high-efficiency collection device for quantifying sex pheromone volatilized from female glands and synthetic sources.

A high-efficiency collection device for sex pheromones volatized from forcibly extruded female glands is described. Filtered nitrogen gas is the carrier and glass wool the adsorbent. Small quantities of distilled carbon disulfide are used to rinse the glass wool. Recovery efficiency of synthetic compounds was usually 90–100%, and a mean of 2.4 ± 0.65 SD ng/min of (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate was recovered in emissions from individualTrichoplusia ni (Hubner) glands.
Isolation of tissue collagenase from homogenates of embryonic chick bones

Abstract An enzyme capable of digesting undenatured collagen in solution and in the solid state as reconstituted collagen fibrils at neutral pH was extracted from demineralized embryonic chick bone homogenates in 1.0M NaCl at neutral pH. The enzyme could be dissociated from the small amount of collagen which was also solubilized in 1.0M NaCl by the serial use of Diaflo XM-300 and PM-10 membranes, which procedures also concentrated the enzyme. The enzymatic activity was inhibited by EDTA, cysteine and horse serum, and was enhanced by the addition of heparin.
Review of "Essential Assessment Skills for Couple and Family Therapists," by Lee Williams, Todd M. Edwards, JoEllen Patterson, and Larry Chamow

This is not the only contribution to couple and family evaluation this year. A competing volume indicates the need to progress from individual to multi-relational systems (Sperry, 2011). The issue ...
An Extended β-Strand Mimic for a Larger Artificial β-Sheet

This paper reports the development of β-strand mimic B, which duplicates the hydrogen-bonding functionality of one edge of a tetrapeptide β-strand. When attached to a tripeptide by a suitable linking group, β-strand mimic B forms a hydrogen-bonded antiparallel β-sheet structure, artificial β-sheet 2. β-Strand mimic B is based upon a 5-hydrazino-2-methoxybenzoic acid building block. The first half of the paper describes synthetic, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopic, X-ray crystallographic, and molecular modeling studies of 5-hydrazino-2-methoxybenzoic acid derivatives and related molecules. These studies establish that hydrazide derivatives of 5-hydrazino-2-methoxybenzoic acid adopt a conformation similar to that of a peptide β-strand and are suitable for use as β-strand mimics. The second half of the paper describes synthetic and 1H NMR spectroscopic studies of artificial β-sheet 2 and of controls 20 and 21, which resemble the peptidomimetic and peptide strands of 2. These experiments indicate that 2 adopts a co...
Numerical studies ~ of loss of ellipticity near singularities in an elastic material

Numerical solutions of anti-plane shear crack problems and screw dislocation problems are presented for materials in which the equilibrium equation varies in type locally from elliptic to hyperbolic as a result of deformation. These results show the emergence of surfaces of discontinuity in the displacement field in some materials. In other materials they show a chaotic mixture of elliptic phases at intermediate distances from the singularity. A statistical analysis applied to the numerical solutions demonstrates the role of elastic stability in the mechanics of these deformations.
Max-Min Strategies for Power-Limited Games in the Presence of Correlated Jamming

In tactical (or commercial) wireless communication systems, a jammer (or hacker) may be present to disrupt the link of legitimate users with an access point (AP). In this context, we introduce a game-theoretic max-min formulation for multiple access in the presence of the correlated jamming, replacing the mutual information game setup that has been studied so far. The novel formulation is well-suited for power-limited systems. Specifically, the AP strives to maximize the network's lifetime by minimizing sum-power while guaranteeing a minimum sum-rate for the users. We show that the AP's optimal strategy is a greedy one which allocates power to the strongest user, while the jammer's best response is to reduce the aggregate channel gain of the strongest user as much as possible. Hence, the multiuser game with a sum-rate constraint is equivalent to a single-user game where only the strongest user is present. Numerical results verify the correlated jammer's improved capability to inflict severe disruption in low data rate and low user channel gain settings. However, in a high data rate regime, generating white noise is the jammer's best strategy.
Significance of suboptimal response to imatinib, as defined by the European LeukemiaNet, in the long-term outcome of patients with early chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase.

Imatinib is currently standard therapy for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in early chronic phase. The most recent update of the International Randomized Study of Interferon and STI571 (IRIS) trial demonstrated that 82% of patients achieve a complete cytogenetic response (CCyR), with most responses being durable.1 After 6 years of follow-up, the event-free survival rate is 83%, and that for survival free from transformation is 93%. Despite these favorable results, there is a subset of patients who do not achieve the optimal response and may eventually require additional therapy. A panel of experts, on behalf of the European LeukemiaNet (ELN), recently proposed definitions for the criteria of what is considered failure to therapy.2 These definitions became particularly relevant as new tyrosine kinase inhibitors were developed for the treatment of patients with resistance or intolerance to imatinib therapy. Two of these agents, nilotinib and dasatinib, have demonstrated efficacy in the management of patients who meet these definitions of failure after imatinib therapy.3,4 In addition, the ELN recognized the presence of a group of patients with a response that the group considered suboptimal. Similar to the definition for failure, the definition for suboptimal response was based on the level of response achieved at different time points. Patients with suboptimal response were described as a group of patients who could still derive substantial benefit from continuing therapy with imatinib, but it was noted that the long-term outcome of such treatment was not likely to be as favorable as in responders at the same time point.2 However, the long-term outcome of patients who meet these definitions of suboptimal response is not yet well known. Thus, we conducted an analysis of patients receiving imatinib as initial therapy for early chronic-phase CML to determine the frequency with which suboptimal response occurs and the long-term outcome of patients with such response.
A logical geo-ontology design pattern for quantifying over types

Ontology design patterns ease the engineering of ontologies, improve their quality, foster reusability, and support the alignment of ontologies by acting as common building blocks or strategies for reoccurring modeling problems. This makes ontology design patterns key enablers of semantic interoperability and, hence, a crucial technology for representing the body of knowledge of such heterogeneous domains as the geosciences. While different types of patterns can be distinguished, existing work on geo-ontology design patterns has solely focused on content patterns, i.e., design solutions for domain classes and relationships. In this work, we propose a logical pattern that addresses a frequent modeling problem that has hampered the development of sophisticated geo-ontologies in the past, namely how to model the quantification over types. We argue for the need for such a pattern, explain why it is difficult to model, demonstrate how to implement it using the Web Ontology Language OWL, and finally show how it can be applied to modeling concepts such as biodiversity.
FLAVOR AND TEXTURE OF PRESERVED INTACT SWEET CORN: COMPARISON WITH CUT SWEET CORN AND STORAGE TESTS

Sensory studies were conducted to determine if intact or unit kernels of sweet corn (i.e. kernels which are detached at their normal abscission layer and lack a cut surface) can replace cut kernels. Samples of intact or unit kernel sweet corn were compared hedonic-ally and by relative preference with samples of cut sweet corn after appropriate processing. Stability of the frozen and canned intact kernels was studied for one year. Hedonic ratings for frozen intact corn yielded values of 7.4–7.6 and compared to values of 6.0–6.2 for cut corn. Hedonic ratings for canned intact corn yielded values from 6.4–6.8 and compared to values of 5.9–6.1 for cut corn. Laboratory taste panels expressed preference for intact samples in 86–89s of the judgements of frozen corn and in 64–86s of the judgements of canned corn. Both flavor and texture of the intact corn were most frequently cited as the reasons for preference. Frozen samples of intact kernels were stable for at least 1 yr at −18°C. Canned samples of intact kernels of Golden Jubilee and Golden Happiness were stable for 1 yr at 18°C. Sensory differences were detected in Stylepak samples at the 12-month evaluation.
Kerberos authentication in Windows NT 5.0 domains

Abstract Enterprise networks using Windows NT are growing in size and complexity. Windows NT 5.0 uses the Kerberos Version 5 authentication protocol and the Active Directory for network security in Windows NT domains. The Windows NT implementation of the Kerberos Version 5 protocol is based on RFC 1510, which has gone through a wide industry review and is well known in the security community [1]. Kerberos authentication provides many features that support performance and security objectives for Enterprise networks. Microsoft's implementation will support any RFC 1510-compliant clients, but will be required for full support of Windows NT networks because the Microsoft version includes permitted extensions to the standard. Windows NT 5.0 integrates the Kerberos protocol into the existing Windows NT distributed security model. Windows NT uses the extensibility features of the protocol, as have other security architectures, such as DCE and SESAME [2]. The Kerberos protocol is just one of the security protocols supported in Windows NT 5.0. Others include NTLM for backward compatibility, SSL and the IETF standard Transport Layer Security (TLS) for public-key authentication, Simple Protected Negotiation (SPNEGO) of security mechanisms, and IP security (IPsec) for network layer security using either shared-key or public-key authentication.
Use of the Grand Canonical Ensemble in Potential of Mean Force Calculations

Understanding and predicting the thermodynamics of association reactions at the microscopic level requires that it be possible to sample representative configurations of the reactants and solvent as a function of the reaction pathways. Because of geometric effects, certain methodological improvements in molecular simulation techniques are necessary before the reaction thermodynamics of complicated systems such as biopolymers with interlocking shapes can be investigated. Here, we propose the use of the grand canonical ensemble in molecular simulations when the traditional canonical ensemble based methods cannot appropriately account for the confined space effects. The success of the grand canonical ensemble molecular simulations in studying the association reaction profile is shown by testing it on simpler systems. Implications for future work and various possible application areas of the grand canonical ensemble simulations are discussed.
Methods of evaluating performance on spatial memory tasks

Methods of evaluating adult spatial memory performance were examined in two spatial memory tasks. Displacement scores were shown to exhibit mathematical difficulties. A comparison was made of several measures of spatial memory performance that are mathematically adequate for parametric analysis. These were found to correlate with each other at very high levels. It was concluded that, provided the measure used in any given study of spatial memory satisfies the assumptions on which the statistics to be used are predicated, a variety of satisfactory measures of spatial memory can be employed, and that the criterion as to which should be used may depend primarily upon considerations germaine to the specific research problem at hand.
Effects of token economy on neurotic depression: An experimental analysis

The hypothesis that work behaviors on a token economy program wouldbe incompatible with emission of depressive behaviors was examined in an experimental single case design in three neurotically depressed patients. The results supported the hypothesis in that observable depression was markedly diminished during the token reinforcement condition. By contrast, increases in depression were noted during baseline phases. It is argued that token economy work activities facilitated greater social stimulation, thus increasing the likehihood of elicitation and reinforcement of target behaviors under study.
Characterization of the Increased Binding of Acetaldehyde to Red Blood Cells in Alcoholics

Using equilibrium dialysis, we found that acetaldehyde, at the levels commonly occurring after ethanol ingestion, did not bind detectably to plasma proteins, but there was significant binding to red blood cells, more in alcoholics than in nonalcoholics. The binding to red blood cells was inhibited by pyridoxal phosphate and N-ethylmaleimide, suggesting adduction to amino and thiol groups. Binding kinetics were consistent with at least two sites. The one with the highest affinity for acetaldehyde corresponded to hemoglobin. Its affinity and Bmax were not changed in alcoholics, but these binding sites accounted for only 44% of the sites available in the red blood cells of alcoholics and 80% of those in controls. Moreover, this binding was not inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide. There was no detectable binding to red cell ghosts. Nonprotein binding was then assessed by changes in NADH produced by the addition of protein-free fractions of the cells to an alcohol dehydrogenase system in equilibrium; this revealed a second binder of lower affinity, larger capacity and with sensitivity to both inhibitors. This binding (possibly due to thiazolidine formation with cysteine) was enhanced in alcoholics, whose red blood cell cysteine content was doubled. Levels of red blood cell cysteine and acetaldehyde remained high for 2 weeks after withdrawal. Because of the prolonged persistence after withdrawal, these changes may provide new markers of alcoholism.
Effects of Salmonellosis on subsequent infections with Ascris suum in swine

Abstract Weanling pigs were exposed to Salmonella cholerae-suis var. kunzendorf and sixteen days later were inoculated with infective Ascaris suum eggs. Necropsy at seventeen days post- Ascaris -infection revealed fewer lesions of hepatic fibrosis and a lesser degree of tissue eosinophilia in the hepatic interstitium in pigs receiving inoculations of Salmonella and Ascaris compared to those receiving Ascaris inoculation only. The numbers of juvenile nematodes recovered from the small intestines of both groups were variable. The comparatively less-intensive hepatic lesions may have been caused by reduction of the number of penetrating larvae at the intestinal level. Alternatively, the decreased tissue eosinophilia and fibrosis of the liver may be due to the previous stress of the Salmonella infection.
Near-Infrared Photometry of the Saturnian Satellites during Ring Plane Crossing☆

Abstract The first near-infrared (0.9 μm) photometric observations of Saturn's five medium-sized satellites were obtained during the August 1995 ring plane crossing with Palomar Observatory's 60-in. telescope. The albedos of the satellites are very high, indicating that a very low fraction of dark opaque contaminants is present on their icy surfaces. The geometric albedos for the leading sides of the satellites are Enceladus: 1.02; Tethys: 0.90; Dione: 0.72; and Rhea: 0.76. The geometric albedo of the trailing side of Mimas is 0.72. The amplitudes of the satellites' rotational lightcurves are somewhat less than those measured at visible wavelengths. They range from 0.40 (Dione) to 0.10 (Rhea) to 0.05 (Tethys). Both Enceladus and Mimas are brighter on the trailing side, unlike the other three satellites. These results suggest that the optical properties of all five satellites are determined by interactions with Saturn's E-ring.
Recent measurements of long‐wavelength x‐rays using synthetic multilayers

An evaluation of the x-ray fluorescence analysis of light elements (B, C, N and O) using synthetic multilayers and a conventional x-ray spectrometer has been conducted. It is shown that effective measurements of long-wavelength x-rays can be made by using properly selected synthetic multilayers. For both B and C K radiations the Ni/C (2d = 158.8 A) multilayer has the highest reflectivities, whereas the V/C (121.8 A) and the W/Si (55.4 A) multilayers have the best resolving powers. For N and O K radiations, the W/Si (80.2 and 55.4 A) multilayers are preferred. The 80.2 and 55.4 A W/Si multilayers produce the highest intensity and resolving power, respectively. The detection limits of the light elements using the multilayers have also been calculated, and it is shown that levels as low as 0.02% are achievable for the carbon and oxygen analyses using the Ni/C and W/Si multilayers, respectively.
Thermal diffusivity measurements of carbon materials using optical beam deflection

Abstract Optical beam deflection (OBD) is a non-contact, non-destructive method of evaluation of materials. It is a powerful tool for the thermal characterization of carbon materials, regardless of the morphology, geometry, thickness and the anisotropy of the sample. The theory of determining the thermal diffusivity of materials by OBD is summarized in detail. The efficacy of using OBD to measure thermal diffusivities is experimentally verified by a study of metallic samples. Finally, the ability of OBD to distinguish anisotropic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) carbon from isotropic CVD carbon is demonstrated by measuring the thermal diffusivities of samples as they are heat treated at a series of temperatures reaching beyond the graphitization temperature.
A pressure‐driven South China Sea Warm Current

[1] Imposed pressure along the continental shelf break is shown to generate, in accordance with the arrested topographic wave (ATW) theory, a steady state flow that resembles the South China Sea Warm Current (SCSWC), flowing northeastward year-round along the outer continental shelf off the southern coast of China. The requisite shelf-break pressure distribution arises from the collision with the continental slope near the Dongsha Islands at about 116E and 21N, of the Kuroshio that has intruded into the South China Sea through the southern part of the Luzon Strait. The flow deflection following the collision creates the South China Sea Branch of Kuroshio (SCSBK) as a splinter current to the southwest, while the mainstream of the Kuroshio veers to the northeast and eventually exits the South China Sea through the northern part of the Luzon Strait. A channel flow model driven by an inflow-outflow condition at one end and closed at the other suggests the SCSBK may be feeding the SCSWC all along the shelf break through a weak onshore flow driven by the gradual drop in pressure in the SCSBK due to bottom friction. The SCSWC and SCSBK flow combination is also found in a Bryan-Cox model of the northern South China Sea. The SCSWC in the Bryan-Cox model thrives in summer and survives only near the shelf break during the winter when the northeast monsoon wind dominates.
Intrinsic mean shift for clustering on Stiefel and Grassmann manifolds

The mean shift algorithm, which is a nonparametric density estimator for detecting the modes of a distribution on a Euclidean space, was recently extended to operate on analytic manifolds. The extension is extrinsic in the sense that the inherent optimization is performed on the tangent spaces of these manifolds. This approach specifically requires the use of the exponential map at each iteration. This paper presents an alternative mean shift formulation, which performs the iterative optimization “on” the manifold of interest and intrinsically locates the modes via consecutive evaluations of a mapping. In particular, these evaluations constitute a modified gradient ascent scheme that avoids the computation of the exponential maps for Stiefel and Grassmann manifolds. The performance of our algorithm is evaluated by conducting extensive comparative studies on synthetic data as well as experiments on object categorization and segmentation of multiple motions.
Supercritical-fluid extraction of fungal lipids using mixed solvents: Experiment and modeling

Abstract Polyunsaturated fatty acids, notably eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have been purported to have beneficial physiological activity, including the prevention of arthritis and cardiovascular disease. A possible source of these fatty acids are filamentous fungi (e.g., Saprolegnia parasitica ). In this work, lipids are extracted directly from the fungal mycelia using supercritical CO 2 and CO 2 mixed with 10 wt % ethanol. Extractions are performed at temperatures from 40 to 60 °C and pressures from 205 to 680 bar. The recovery of lipid increases with increasing pressures and higher recoveries are obtained when a mixture of CO 2 with 10 wt % ethanol is used as the solvent (e.g., 89% recovered with 10% ethanol vs. 48% for 100% CO 2 ). The more polar CO 2 mixture is a better solvent since it is able to extract both the neutral and the polar lipid fractions. An unsteady extraction model which can give reliable representation of the entire extraction curve is presented. Mass transfer coefficients are computed using the experimental data, and these coefficients are correlated as a function of the interstitial velocity.
Modification of in situ gelling behavior of carbopol solutions by hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.

Abstract Aqueous solutions of Carbopol [polyacrylic acid (PAA)] are low viscosity acidic solutions that transform into gels upon an increase n the pH and, therefore, may be used as in situ gelling ophthalmic drug delivery systems. However, the amount of PAA required in the solution to form stiff gels upon instillation in the eye is not easily neutralized by the buffering action of tear fluid. A reduction in the PAA concentration without compromising the in situ gelling properties as well as the overall rheological behavior of the system can be achieved by adding a suitable viscosity‐enhancing polymer. The rheological properties of aqueous solutions containing PAA and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), a viscosity‐enhancing polymer, evaluated as a function of temperature and pH, were similar to those of pure PAA solutions; that is, both form low viscosity liquids at pH 4.0 and transform into stiff gels with plastic rheological behavior and comparable viscosities upon increasing the pH to 7.4. In addition, HPMC‐PAA gels show slow in vitro release of incorporated timolol maleate. Thus, the HPMC–PAA combination demonstrates properties suitable for formulation as a liquid ophthalmic delivery systems, which upon instillation into the cul‐de‐sac of the eye can undergo in situ phase transition to form gels capable of sustained drug release.
Metabolic inhibitors and glucose oxidation in developing chick cornea.

Abstract Stages 40 to 45 is a critical period of corneal deturgescence and development of transparency in the chick embryo. Glucose uptake, incorporation, and oxidation were studied in the chick cornea during this period and the effects of several inhibitors on these variables were tested. Corneal 14CO2 formation is constant between stages 38 and 45 but rises after hatching. Glucose uptake and incorporation increases between stage 38 and 40, is constant between stage 40 and 45, and increases again after hatching. Both DON, an inhibitor of proteoglycan synthesis, and actinomycin D had little effect on glucose uptake and incorporation by corneas at stages 40 and 45. Puromycin, on the other hand, significantly decreased glucose incorporation by the corneas at stages 40 and 45. The results indicate that much of the glucose taken up is utilized for protein synthesis which appears to be especially important during this period of corneal development.
The behavioral response to stress is altered in adult rats exposed prenatally to cocaine.

Abstract The behaviors displayed during and following acute stress exposure were investigated in rats prenatally exposed to cocaine. Offspring from Sprague-Dawley rat dams given SC injections of 40 mg/kg/3 cc cocaine HCl (C40) daily from gestational days 8–20, pair-fed dams injected daily with saline (PF), and untreated control dams (LC) were examined. Adult male rats 60 days old (P60) from the three prenatal groups were given either a 5-min forced swim test (FS), 10 min of intermittent foot shock exposure, or were not exposed to either acute stressor. Amount of immobility or inactivity during acute stress exposure was recorded. One day later, all animals were given a 5-min open field test. During both of the acute stressors, C40 offspring exhibited significantly less immobility than PF and LC control offspring. Whereas prior foot shock experience enhanced the amount of immobility shown by LC and PF offspring in the open field, similar immobility scores were observed between shocked and nonstressed C40 rats. In contrast, prior foot shock experience reduced locomotion in all prenatal treatment groups. These findings suggest that prenatal cocaine exposure results in altered behavioral reactivity in terms of the immediate and delayed response to stressful experiences.
Some Implications of the Homogamy-Complementary Needs Theories of Mate Selection for Sociological Research

the inactive or latent participants, which may prove rewarding both individually and collectively. Although, as these data have indicated, a relatively small proportion of the community residents are participating at more than minimal level, the presence of favorable or neutral attitudes toward the organization on the part of the inactives may provide adequate stimulus for the successful operation of such a program. The fact that this particular organized community has been awarded prizes for its achievements and that it has persisted in its operation over a relatively long period of time despite the lack of active assistance from many local residents may in part be attributed to the favorable "social climate" in which it functions. Also, while the goal of many formal organizations is for universal active participation of members, it may be that the internal structure of the formal organizations themselves is such that it imposes limitations on'these goals. With its division of functions among relatively few of its members, the organization is able to achieve its aims with an active minority while the majority participates little or not at all. Thus restrictions which are inherent in the organizational structure may be contributing elements in the degree of active participation. Other possible limiting factors for greater participation in formally organized groups are the culturally prescribed obligations that the individual has to his occupation and to his conjugal family. No doubt the demand for allegiance to many groups creates a socially structured barrier deterring active participation in even those associations which are relevant to his interests.
Indirect competition for pollinators is weak compared to direct resource competition: pollination and performance in the face of an invader

Invasive plants have the potential to reduce native plant abundance through both direct and indirect interactions. Direct interactions, such as competition for soil resources, and indirect interactions, such as competition for shared pollinators, have been shown to influence native plant performance; however, we know much less about how these interactions influence native plant abundance in the field. While direct competitive interactions are often assumed to drive declines in native abundance, an evaluation of their influence relative to indirect mechanisms is needed to more fully understand invasive plant impacts. We quantified the direct effects of resource competition by the invasive perennial forb, Euphorbia esula (Euphorbiaceae), on the recruitment, subsequent performance, and ultimate adult abundance of the native annual, Clarkia pulchella (Onagraceae). We contrast these direct effects with those that indirectly resulted from competition for shared pollinators. Although E. esula dramatically reduced pollinator visitation to C. pulchella, plants were only weakly pollen-limited. Pollen supplementation increased the number of seeds per fruit from 41.28 to 46.38. Seed addition experiments revealed that the impacts of ameliorating pollen limitation only increased potential recruitment by 12.3 %. In contrast, seed addition experiments that ameliorated direct competition with E. esula resulted in an increase in potential future recruitment of 574 %. Our results show that, while the indirect effects of competition for pollinators can influence plant abundance, its effects are dwarfed by the magnitude of direct effects of competition for resources.
Determination of Mechanical Properties of Electronic Materials as Gold, Nickel and Tin using Nanoindentation

The pad metallization of multilayers is often built up by layers of Cu/Sn or Cu/Ni/Au which will be wetted during the reflow process by the solder material. Normally the Au layer protects the Ni against oxidation and the nickel layer suppresses the diffusion of Cu into the Sn and vice versa to produce intermetallic components (IMCs). In this way a solder joint is built up by the metallization layers of the multilayer and the electronic components and in between the solder with IMCs. The total system determines the reliability and the stresses of a solder joint and it is necessary to determine the mechanical behaviour of all layers as parameters for numerical simulations. The mechanical parameter hardness, Young's Modulus and Yield strength will be measured by nanoindentation of szlig-tin crystals, ni and gold layers. It could be shown that a good agreement with the literature data was found, but also a big influence of the crystal orientation determined by EBSD measurement.
Solitons and the commensurate-incommensurate transition in a convecting nematic fluid.

Des arrangements quasiperiodiques (incommensurables), constitues par un reseau de solitons, sont observes dans un fluide nematique convectif soumis a une force periodique dans l'espace. Les solitons sont des regions de compression locale de rouleaux convectifs correctement decrits par les solutions de l'equation sinus Gordon. La transition commensurable-incommensurable est continue pour une force faible, mais devient discontinue quand l'amplitude de la force augmente. Ce comportement indique l'existence d'un point tricritique sur la ligne de transition de phase
Extraction of Rooftops from LiDAR and Multispectral Imagery

A rooftop extraction scheme based on statistical analysis of the LiDAR point cloud is presented. Spectral data are incorporated to reduce false alarms due to vegetation and to provide spectral discrimination of rooftop materials.
Squeezing flow of a double layered array of two newtonian liquids

Abstract The theoretical behavior of a double layered array of two Newtonian liquids in ideal, isothermal, lubiracted (frictionless) and non-lubricated, squeezing flows between parallel plates is described in terms of dimensionless force-time or thickness-time relationships. In lubricated flow at a constant displacement rate, when the viscosity ratio was higher than ten, a distinct transient region, reminiscent of viscoelastic deformation was clearly evident in the force-time curves. Under constant load, in contrast, the array's behavior was always similar to that of a single layer with an intermediate viscosity. In non-lubricated flow the force levels were about tenfold or more higher than in lubricated flows under the same conditions. The relative position of the force-time curves in flows at a constant displacement rate or thickness-time curves constant load, is not only determined by the layer's thickness and viscosity ratios, as is the case in lubricated flow, but also by the relation between frictional and viscous effects. Thus, for example, curves of certain double layered arrays can be higher than those of a single layer containing the liquid with the higher viscosity.
The Family Map: Structured Family Interview to Identify Risks and Strengths in Head Start Families

The Family Map is a semistructured interview developed to assess important aspects of the family and home environment associated with well-being in 3- to 5-year old children. The measure is designe...
EXPRESSED AND SUPPRESSED ANGER AND HEALTH PROBLEMS AMONG TRANSIT WORKERS

The present study assessed the relationship between anger expression and health outcomes in a sample of 1,407 San Francisco bus drivers. When controlling for a variety of health-risk factors, the results of multiple logistic regression analyses revealed significant positive associations between high levels of suppressed as well as expressed anger and gastrointestinal, respiratory, and musculoskeletal problems, with one exception (viz., the relationship between expressed anger and gastrointestinal problems was only marginally significant [p = .09]). Although both modes of anger expression were related to these health problems for men, none of the associations were significant for women. The results do not support the view that suppressed anger is more detrimental to health than expressed anger but rather suggest that both modes of coping with anger may increase vulnerability to disease in men.
Non-Simultaneous Bilateral Closed Rupture of the Triceps Tendon in a Woman.

Rupture of triceps tendons is uncommon. Bilateral triceps ruptures are even rarer [1, 2]. There are very few case reports in women [3]. The first triceps rupture was reported in 1868 [4]. Although many cases have been reported since then, reports of bilateral ruptures still remain rare [1, 2]. The etiology of triceps tendon rupture is still under debate. Multiple etiologies have been proposed for making the tendon insertion susceptible to weakness and tear. In case of a complete triceps tendon rupture, surgical repair is the preferred treatment [4, 5]. Timely rehabilitation is mandatory to regain the triceps strength and elbow range of motion after surgery [4].
Omen texts concerning lesser known parts of the lungs.

ASSYRIOLOGISTS have had more success in identifying the major parts of the liver of the sheep than in identifying those of its lungs. To be sure, one is still puzzled by markings on the liver such as mehis pan ummdn nakri ("defeat of the vanguard of the enemy army"), nTdi kussi ("base of the throne"), tarbas amiiti ("cattlefold of the liver"), and the like. Nevertheless, its major parts, such as the gall bladder (martu), the caudate lobe (ubdnu), the umbilical fissure (bdb ekallim), etc., are clearly discernible on the liver models.' This is not the case with the lungs. Of its major lobes, for example, only the uban hanf qablitu can, with any measure of certainty, be identified with the accessory lobe of the (right) lung.2 Other than that, the identification of all other major parts of the lungs remains a subject for speculation. An attempt to identify the major lobes, for example, was made by Mary Hussey.3 Her conclusions must, however, remain nothing more than tenuous.4 For the present, we must continue to refer to the parts of the lungs by their conventional names, such as the "donkey" of
A vision of cell death: insights into immune privilege

Immune privilege is a term applied to several organs that have a unique relationship with the immune response. These sites prohibit the spread of inflammation since even minor episodes can threaten organ integrity and function. The most prominent examples of these are the eye, brain and reproductive organs where immune responses either do not proceed, or proceed in a manner different from other areas. Once thought to be a passive process relying on physical barriers, immune privilege can now be viewed as an active process that utilizes multiple mechanisms to maintain organ function. Recently there has been a renewed interest in immune privilege when it was shown that two privileged sites (the eye and testes) constitutively express FasL, which functions by killing lymphoid cells that invade these areas. Here we will examine the role of FasL in immune privilege and discuss how this molecule interacts with other elements of the inflammatory response to maintain organ integrity in the face of potentially damaging immune reactions.