cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chronic inhibition of fatty acid oxidation: new model of diastolic dysfunction.

This study was designed to determine the changes in the heart that result from inhibition of long-chain fatty acid oxidation with 2-tetradecylglycidic acid (TDGA). Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 64) were treated with TDGA (20 mg.kg-1.day-1) or a comparable volume of vehicle by gavage feeding for 7 or 21 days. In conscious rats TDGA produced no changes in heart rate, left ventricular systolic or end-diastolic pressures, left ventricular pressure development (dP/dt), or the time constant of left ventricular relaxation. Left ventricular developed pressure was not changed at 21 days. TDGA increased left ventricular weight, left ventricular weight-to-body weight ratio, and total heart weight-to-body weight ratio. Left ventricular endocardial and epicardial myocyte volumes were increased by 53 and 65%, respectively. Myocardial triglyceride content was increased threefold. Left ventricular chamber stiffness constants between end-diastolic pressures of 0 and 30 mmHg were increased, and left ventricular end-diastolic volumes at operating end-diastolic pressures were decreased at both 7 and 21 days. The myocardial stiffness constant was also increased at 7 and 21 days. Thus inhibition of long-chain fatty acid oxidation with TDGA increased left ventricular mass and altered left ventricular chamber and muscle stiffness without changing left ventricular relaxation or systolic function. We conclude that inhibition of long-chain fatty acid oxidation produced an unusual model of left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction characterized by abnormalities of passive-elastic properties but preserved relaxation.
Numerical Simulation of Low Re-Number Turbulence in Round Jets

The turbulent flow in spatially—developing round jets at low Reynolds numbers is simulated numerically in the first fifteen diameters. The simulations were started with the inviscid solution and small axisymmetric disturbances were introduced at the entrance section to accelerate the breakdown of the Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices. The development of the flow produced a rich variety of structures. The azimuthal instability of the vortex rings leads to tube-like structures which collapse into counter—rotating streamwise vortices that interact with the vortex pairing process. A passive scalar distribution also highlights the ring-braid region and reveals the severe straining of the braids near the jet axis and the formation of mushroom-like structures as a result of the counter—rotating nature of the streamwise vortices. A comparison with flow visualization experiments shows that the number of braid—like vortex structures is in agreement with the experiment.
Paravalvular leaks and hemolytic anemia following insertion of Starr-Edwards aortic and mitral valves.

Summary Paravalvular leaks were encountered in 27 of 203 patients (13 per cent) following aortic valve replacement and in 10 of 108 patients (9 per cent) after prosthetic mitral valve replacement. The diagnosis of paravalvular leaks and assessment of their significance was difficult and required a comprehensive survey of clinical, radiographic, hemodynamic, and angiographic studies. Hemolytic anemia developed in 11 patients in the aortic group, occurring most often in patients operated upon initially for calcific aortic stenosis. Congestive heart failure was not a significant problem except in 6 cases of persistent hemolytic anemia in which reoperation was necessary. In 4 patients, anemia regressed spontaneously. Sixteen of the 27 patients did not require second operations. Twenty of the 27 patients in this group are alive and well at the present time. Refractory congestive heart failure occurred in 9 of the 10 patients with mitral leaks. One patient died suddenly. Significant hemolysis was attributed to the mitral leak in 1 and, possibly, 2 cases. Reoperation was carried out in 7 patients, 4 of whom are living at present. Five patients with paravalvular regurgitation, secondary to a circumferentially torn mitral annulus, had ruptured chordae tendineae at their initial operation which raises the possibility that the chordae, annuli, and valves in such patients may have a defect in the matrix or ground substance which predisposes to the development of leaks.
Abstract 2018: Investigation of ITAF's role in the pathophysiology of breast cancer

A subset of cellular mRNAs can initiate cap-independent translation via internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) structures, thus maintaining translation when cap-dependent translation is compromised. Many of these IRES harboring mRNAs encode canonical oncoproteins such as c-MYC, VEGF and EGFR. Cells use IRES-mediated translation under conditions that are common to the tumor microenvironment, including nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, inflammation, and DNA damage, leading to the hypothesis that cancer cells use cap-independent translation to survive pro-apoptotic pressure. To investigate this possibility, we profiled IRES trans-activating factors (ITAFs), which are accessory proteins that regulate IRES activity in the cells. ITAFs are members of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) family that participate in diverse nuclear functions, including RNA splicing, DNA repair, and transcription. During cap-independent translation, ITAFs egress into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to form a complex with the 40S ribosome and other accessory proteins to regulate translation of client IRES harboring mRNAs. We hypothesize that ITAFs could influence the pathophysiology of breast cancer by controlling the translation of onco-and antiapoptotic proteins. In this study, we profiled the expression of two ITAFs, interleukin enhancer binding protein 2 (ILF2) and splicing factor proline/glutamine-rich (SFPQ) in normal and breast cancer specimens, and investigated the biological effects of these ITAFs in both cancer cell lines and preclinical in vivo models using knockout studies. Additionally, we investigated the impact of their subcellular localization in cancer cells and the translation of their client mRNAs under ER stress using immunoblots as well as polysome and immunofluorescence analysis. Finally, we investigated the impact of inhibiting nuclear pore translocation on the function of ITAFs in breast cancer cells, using a selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) compound. Analysis of microarray datasets from cancer and normal tissue specimens (The Cancer Genome Atlas, METABRIC, and University of North Carolina datasets) revealed that expression of several ITAFs is upregulated in malignant tissues compared to normal controls (p Citation Format: Jessica Bockhorn, Toby M. Ward, J. Chuck Harrell, Xiaofei Liu, Gaby Fuchs, Mark D. Pegram. Investigation of ITAF9s role in the pathophysiology of breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2018.
Medical School Hotline: A Canadian's Journey through JABSOM's Waters.

Attending JABSOM will probably be one of the best decisions you will make in your life. While there is a significant cost to living in Hawai‘i, consider it a short-term investment for your life-long goals. JABSOM is one of the most nurturing learning environments in the United States, and you can thrive here. Your chances are better at JABSOM compared to schools that have no history of accepting Canadian students. Come to JABSOM, and enjoy swimming through the calm waters of Hawai‘i for four years.
Comparative Study of Inclusive Growth:Economic Policy Reforms and Financial Inclusion in India

Microfinance as a concept and as an issue has been perennially debatable, from the perspective of being a feasible, sustainable and progressive economic activity. This paper aims at studying the repercussions of microfinance, on the Individuals belonging to the low Income segment, with special reference to the globally successful economies and India in the Micro finance sector. The study involves an analysis of the efforts over the years by the Micro-economists and the Macro-economists to augment the escalation of the Low Income Group to the subsequent higher Income segment. This research paper examines whether the Economic Policy reforms over the years have been supportive for the growth of the Micro finance as a sector.
Understanding what residents ask cities: open data 311 call analysis and future directions

311 call service allows community residents to provide feedback to their municipal governments in North America on non-emergent matters. Though it has not long been since it is adopted in cities, the service has been significantly and dynamically evolved in its capacity, mode of operation and its impact on city operations and residents. We developed an online analysis platform and conducted various analyses and comparisons across cities. We present the commonalities and disparities of cities in the residents' reports and discuss changes its access modes and privacy issues. The developed tool would enhance and maximize the municipal operations. We plan to extend the platform through feedbacks from municipal governments.
Recent trends in the management of advanced prostate cancer.

Advanced prostate cancer includes a wide spectrum of disease ranging from hormone naive or hormone sensitive to castration resistant, both containing populations of men who have demonstrable metastatic and non-metastatic states. The mainstay of treatment for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, recent level 1 evidence demonstrates that the addition of chemotherapy or abiraterone acetate to ADT results in significant survival advantage as compared with ADT alone. Furthermore, in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (M0 CRPC), two second-generation anti-androgens, apalutamide and enzalutamide, when used in combination with ADT, have demonstrated a significant benefit in metastasis-free survival. Here, we review the most recent studies leading to these significant changes in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Sex-based outcomes in type I thyroplasty for nonparalytic glottic incompetence.

OBJECTIVE Clinical outcomes for type I Gore-Tex thyroplasty (GMT) for nonparalytic glottic incompetence (GI) have been reported in the literature. Given differences in male and female laryngeal anatomy, sex-based outcomes should also be evaluated. We endeavored to evaluate sex-specific post-GMT voice outcomes. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of patients undergoing GMT for nonparalytic GI. Multidimensional voice outcome measures including voice-related quality of life (VRQOL), Glottal Function Index (GFI), and grade/roughness/breathiness/asthenia/strain (GRBAS) were analyzed at postoperative time frames: 0 to 3 months, 3 to 9 months, and 9 to 18 months. RESULTS Eighty-five subjects (43 females, 42 males) with mean age 53.5 undergoing GMT for nonparalytic GI from 2005 to 2017 met inclusion criteria. Etiologies included vocal fold hypomobility (N = 36, 42%), paresis (N = 18, 21%), vocal fold atrophy (N = 17, 20%), and scarring (N = 14, 17%). Females had significantly greater improvement on VRQOL at 0 to 3 months and 9 to 18 months timeframes compared to males, with mean change in VRQOL: 41.3 versus 22.4 (P = 0.0002) and 42.5 versus 20.8 (P = 0.002), respectively. Similarly, women had significantly greater improvement in GFI at 0 to 3 months follow-up (mean difference - 10.8 vs. -4.9, respectively, P = 0.0002). There was no statistically significant sex difference in GRBAS at any follow-up interval. CONCLUSION Following GMT, females had greater improvement in patient-reported voice outcomes in the early postoperative period. No significant difference between sexes was noted in perceptual measures (GRBAS). Sex-specific outcomes should be evaluated for clinical interventions to improve specificity of preoperative counseling. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4. Laryngoscope, 129:2543-2548, 2019.
Evaluating the impact of health awareness events on Google search frequency.

Abstract Over two hundred health awareness events take place in the United States in order to educate the public about various diseases. It would be informative and instructive for the organizations to know the impact of these events, although such information could be difficult to measure. We investigated whether 46 selected events attract the public attention by increasing the search frequencies of certain keywords. Internet search data from 2004 to 2017 were downloaded from Google Trend (GT). Three statistical methods including Transfer Function Noise modeling, Wilcoxon Rank Sum test, and Binomial inference were conducted. Our study showed that 10 health awareness events resulted in increased search frequencies in the event months, and 28 events did not, with the rest being classified as unclear.
Characteristics of Immigrants Obtaining Abortions and Comparison with U.S.-Born Individuals

Abstract Background: Little information exists about individuals born outside of the United States who seek abortion services from U.S.-based providers. Baseline data are necessary to identify futu...
Clinical Diagnosis: “Simple” Patients

Clinical reasoning is an essential part of medical practice often typified by the astute diagnostician, the medical detective, the Sherlock Holmes of the wards, coming to the single diagnosis that best explained the case. This was best illustrated in the weekly Clinical Pathologic Conference in which a case is presented up to some key decision point (often a procedure) and a discussant thinks aloud, demonstrating his/her reasoning and committing to the specific decision and what will be found, i.e., the diagnosis. This was a moment of high drama with the discussant waiting to hear the pathologic findings. When patients have more than one condition, the diagnostic challenges can increase and we are on our way to meeting the definition of complex, i.e., multiple elements, although the number of conditions is usually in the single digits. This approach could be characterized as a unilevel approach to multimorbidity. A variety of terms followed: comorbidity, multimorbidity, polypathology, dual diagnosis (used primarily in psychiatry), and finally “complex” patient. Early conceptualizations viewed multiple conditions as additive. However, most complex patients become complex related to the interactions among rather than the absolute number of conditions whether those conditions be specific disease or social determinants.
Default agreement with subjective assertions

This paper puts forward a formal proposal for a judge-dependent notion of assertion that derives asymmetries in the discourse profile of subjective and objective assertions while preserving a unary illocutionary profile for utterances of declarative sentences. We propose that when a speaker asserts a sentence, they commit to that sentence being true as judged by themself, but project acceptance of the truth of that sentence as judged by all interlocutors. This account makes different predictions, then, for assertions of declarative sentences with judge-invariant denotations, and assertions of declarative sentences with judge-variant denotations.
Recent Expansion of Mosquito-Borne Pathogens Into Texas

Abstract Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) have been important sources of vector-borne human diseases in Texas for centuries, with dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever undoubtedly causing outbreaks dating to the 19th century. However, in addition to more recent introductions of the former two viruses during the past 1–3 decades, West Nile virus (WNV) arrived in Texas in 2002 and now appears to be permanently enzootic/endemic, and Zika virus arrived recently in 2016 without evidence of persistence during the past two years. All of these viruses except WNV circulate in urban settings amplified by humans and transmitted mainly by the peridomestic mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti. Increased human travel, tropical urbanization, and the resurgence of this vector in the Americas have all increased the risk of continued introductions and local outbreaks. In addition, several other arboviruses appear to have the potential for efficient transmission in Texas if introduced (like WNV) including other flaviviruses, alphaviruses, and bunyaviruses that are also reviewed here.
The Puritan Emigration, 1630–1641

The first page of the New Orleans Times-Picayune of July 28, 1999 (Stern, 1999) listed the rankings for the best and worst states in which to raise a child. The criteria for the rankings were the rates of juvenile crime, abuse and neglect, high school dropouts, children living in poverty, child mortality, infant mortality, divorce, teen birth rate, immunization of children less than two years of age, and children not receiving pre- or postnatal care. The best-ranked five states were in New England—Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maine, Massachusetts, and Vermont; the worst-ranked five were Arizona, California, Louisiana (fiftieth), New Mexico, and Texas, but Washington, DC was worse than Louisiana. Why should this be? In the following pages I hope to provide some understanding of this.
The Supra Tutor: Improving speaker comprehensibility through a fully online pronunciation course

Abstract Pronunciation is critical for English oral language proficiency because of its immediate role in language judgments. However, effective and targeted English pronunciation instruction is scarce. Given the need for pronunciation instruction and the undeniable impact of suprasegmentals on intelligibility and on comprehensibility, the Supra Tutor, a four-module online pronunciation tutor focusing on suprasegmentals, was developed. This mixed methods study assessed the impact of the Supra Tutor on the comprehensibility of international teaching assistants (ITAs). Participants were evaluated for comprehensibility before and after training. The study also examined ITAs’ perceptions of the Supra Tutor in terms of usefulness, engagement, and overall quality. Findings indicated that the Supra Tutor can provide effective pronunciation instruction and engage learners to successfully complete the training. Research and pedagogical implications of the Supra Tutor and its contribution to pronunciation instruction are discussed.
Professor in residence model for queering the edges of school: a project in humanizing methodology and love

Through my work with Black youth, in the form of writing and literacy research, I have engaged with them on the edges of school. I joined students in hallways, offices, libraries, and lunch rooms t...
Supervised jet clustering with graph neural networks for Lorentz boosted bosons

Jet clustering is traditionally an unsupervised learning task because there is no unique way to associate hadronic final states with the quark and gluon degrees of freedom that generated them. However, for uncolored particles like $W$, $Z$, and Higgs bosons, it is possible to approximately (though not exactly) associate final state hadrons to their ancestor. By labeling simulated final state hadrons as descending from an uncolored particle, it is possible to train a supervised learning method to create boson jets. Such a method would operate on individual particles and identify connections between particles originating from the same uncolored particle. Graph neural networks are well-suited for this purpose as they can act on unordered sets and naturally create strong connections between particles with the same label. These networks are used to train a supervised jet clustering algorithm. The kinematic properties of these graph jets better match the properties of simulated Lorentz-boosted $W$ bosons. Furthermore, the graph jets contain more information for discriminating $W$ jets from generic quark jets. This work marks the beginning of a new exploration in jet physics to use machine learning to optimize the construction of jets and not only the observables computed from jet constituents.
Technical Challenges to Adopting Large Scale Additive Manufacturing for the Production of Yacht Hulls

Recent developments in additive manufacturing technology may initially appear as an emerging opportunity for multiple manufacturing sectors, but there are several serious challenges to the potential application of additive manufacturing with Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) to the yacht design and manufacturing industry. While several boat hulls have been produced using additive manufacturing technologies such as the 3Dirigo demonstration project built at the University of Maine [1], vessels of this type remain experimental prototypes that will require additional testing before the technology proves commercially viable as a construction method. The example of Thermwood’s Large Scale Additive Manufacturing (LSAM) system to successfully produce a small yacht hull plug mold is a promising application for 3d printing in yacht manufacturing [2]. Other applications of additive manufacturing technology to yacht components have proven viable, especially for small-scale replacement parts and retrofit components [3]. These initial steps into additive manufacturing are promising advances for the yacht design and manufacturing sector, but serious technical challenges remain before FRP hulls can be produced using additive manufacturing technology.
Collision Reaction Through Internal Stress Loading in Cooperative Manipulation

Cooperative manipulation offers many advantages over single-arm manipulation. However, this comes at a cost of added complexity, both in modeling and control of multi-arm systems. Much research has been focused on determining optimal load distribution strategies based on several objective functions, some of which include manipulability, energy consumption and joint torque minimization. This paper presents an internal loading strategy that is subject to the estimate of the external disturbances along the body of one or more of the arms involved in the manipulation process. The authors of this paper propose a reaction strategy to external disturbances by transforming the disturbance forces into internal forces on the object through appropriate load distribution on the cooperative arms. The goal is to have a set-point on the object, track a given trajectory while compensating for external disturbances along the links of some of the robot arms involved in the cooperative manipulation.
Speaking Out: Feminism, Rape and Narrative Politics: by Tanya Serisier, London, Palgrave Macmillan, 2018, 272 pp., €25.99 (paperback), ISBN 978-3-030-40425-3

In Speaking Out: Feminism, Rape and Narrative Politics, Tanya Serisier deploys literary theory to analyze memoirs, victim impact statements, online survivor stories, and anthropological accounts of...
Predicting the CO2 Footprint in Saline Aquifers: A Numerical-analytical Hybrid Model

In this study, we present a hybrid framework in which we combine pore-scale lattice Boltzmann (LB) simulations with a macroscopic analytical model for predicting CO2 plume migration and its residual trapping in saline aquifers. These integrated methods combine the flexibility of a pore-scale simulation method, allowing for implementing the micro-scale properties such as wettability, with the efficiency of an analytical method, for a quick estimation of the CO2 plume extension and its residual trapping during the injection and post-injection stages. The LB model is adopted to perform two-phase flow simulations of CO2/brine in the microstructure of a rock sample of Tuscaloosa sandstone taken from the Cranfield site in Mississippi. Employing the pore-scale LB simulations, we estimate pore-scale properties such as connate brine saturation, CO2 residual saturation, and CO2 end-point relative permeability. Subsequently, these parameters have been used in the analytical model for predicting the macro-scale behavior of CO2 plume during the injection and post-injection periods. To gain a better insight into the effect of wettability on the footprint of CO2 plume and its residual trapping, we run pore-sale simulations in different samples under various wetting conditions and calculate the pore-scale properties as a function of wettability. Thus, incorporating the pore-scale simulation results into the analytical model helps us evaluate the effect of pore-scale properties such as wettability on storage efficiency. We believe that this approach provides an appropriate tool for the estimation of storage efficiency in CO2 sequestration projects.
Cosmology with a long-range repulsive force

We discuss the properties of a cosmology dominated by a charged scalar field with a repulsive, long-range self-interaction. The interaction, in the form of a vector field with a tiny mass, can have a dramatic effect on the evolution of the universe, with interesting consequences — including in some cases accelerated expansion. One characteristic of the model is an oscillating deceleration parameter, which would potentially allow it to be distinguished from other scalar field models such as quintessence.
The local wound environment is a key determinant of the outcome of TGFβ signaling on the fibrotic response of CD44+ leader cells in an ex vivo post-cataract-surgery model.

Abstract The cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) has a role in regulating the normal and pathological response to wound healing, yet how it shifts from a pro-repair to a pro-fibrotic function within the wound environment is still unclear. Using a clinically relevant ex vivo post-cataract surgery model that mimics the lens fibrotic disease posterior capsule opacification (PCO), we investigated the influence of two distinct wound environments on shaping the TGFβ-mediated injury response of CD44+ vimentin-rich leader cells. The substantial fibrotic response of this cell population occurred within a rigid wound environment under the control of endogenous TGFβ. However, TGFβ was dispensable for the role of leader cells in wound healing on the endogenous basement membrane wound environment, where repair occurs in the absence of a major fibrotic outcome. A difference between leader cell function in these distinct environments was their cell surface expression of the latent TGFβ activator, αvβ3 integrin. This receptor is exclusively found on this CD44+ cell population when they localize to the leading edge of the rigid wound environment. Providing exogenous TGFβ to bypass any differences in the ability of the leader cells to sustain activation of TGFβ in different environments revealed their inherent ability to induce pro-fibrotic reactions on the basement membrane wound environment. Furthermore, exposure of the leader cells in the rigid wound environment to TGFβ led to an accelerated fibrotic response including the earlier appearance of pro-collagen + cells, alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA)+ myofibroblasts, and increased fibrotic matrix production. Collectively, these findings show the influence of the local wound environment on the extent and severity of TGFβ-induced fibrotic responses. These findings have important implications for understanding the development of the lens fibrotic disease PCO in response to cataract surgery wounding.
Minimax Algorithms for Structural Optimization

In this paper we highlight the salient features of our recently developed theory for the construction of broad classes of nondifferentiable optimization algorithms. These algorithms can be used for the solution of a wide variety of unconstrained and constrained minimax problems, such as those occurring in the design of structures subjected to dynamic loads, floor planning and layout problems, control system and electronic circuit design.
Surgical Anatomy of the Lateral Nasal Wall

Both the success and safety of intranasal functional endoscopic sinus surgery depend on the surgeon's knowledge of nasal and sinus anatomy, especially the lateral nasal wall. The purpose of this study was to determine measurements and angles between lateral nasal wall landmarks. Linear and angular measurements were made to determine the mean and range distances between selected structures. The results provide a guide for the surgeon.
Three‐Dimensional Geodynamic Framework for the Central Southern Alps, New Zealand: Integrating Geology, Geophysics and Mechanical Observations

Vertical and horizontal strain within oblique convergence reflects imposed tectonic and surficial boundary conditions as transmitted via the rheological structure of the deforming crust. We combine three-dimensional mechanical modeling with geological and geophysical observations to develop a geodynamic framework for the central Southern Alps of New Zealand. We propose that an along-strike variation in crustal thickness and strength exists within South Island, with Otago having a thicker and weaker crust. This rheological structure and the presence of elevated pore pressure beneath the Mt Cook-Aoraki region results in predictable distribution of strain and stress conditions which are compatible with observations of surface strain. The models predict that these two features lead to enhanced rates of rock uplift against the Alpine Fault adjacent to Mt Cook-Aoraki region. This results from two components of vertical stretching: the first caused by strong Canterbury lower crust pushing into weak Otago lower crust, causing vertical extrusion; and the second a result of elevated pore pressure in the mid-crust. Extensional strain predicted in the upper crust is confirmed by the presence of sub-vertical mineralized veins and earthquakes with a normal fault solution in the upper 5-8 kms of the Main Divide region.
FDA Approval Summary: Lenvatinib for Progressive, Radio-iodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

The FDA approved lenvatinib (Lenvima, Eisai Inc.) for the treatment of patients with locally recurrent or metastatic, progressive, radioactive iodine-refractory (RAI-refractory) differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). In an international, multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial (E7080-G000-303), 392 patients with locally recurrent or metastatic RAI-refractory DTC and radiographic evidence of disease progression within 12 months prior to randomization were randomly allocated (2:1) to receive either lenvatinib 24 mg orally per day (n = 261) or matching placebo (n = 131) with the option for patients on the placebo arm to receive lenvatinib following independent radiologic confirmation of disease progression. A statistically significant prolongation of progression-free survival (PFS) as determined by independent radiology review was demonstrated [HR, 0.21; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.16-0.28; P < 0.001, stratified log-rank test], with an estimated median PFS of 18.3 months (95% CI, 15.1, NR) in the lenvatinib arm and 3.6 months (95% CI, 2.2-3.7) in the placebo arm. The most common adverse reactions, in order of decreasing frequency, observed in the lenvatinib-treated patients were hypertension, fatigue, diarrhea, arthralgia/myalgia, decreased appetite, decreased weight, nausea, stomatitis, headache, vomiting, proteinuria, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, abdominal pain, and dysphonia. Adverse reactions led to dose reductions in 68% of patients receiving lenvatinib at the 24 mg dose and 18% of patients discontinued lenvatinib for adverse reactions leading to residual uncertainty regarding the optimal dose of lenvatinib.
Interpretive Methods: Macromethods

This article uses Weber's work to elucidate key features of macrointerpretive methods. Although relying on a logic different from that of frequentist statistical methods, macrointerpretive methods are based on coherent methodological principles and procedures. The goal of all macrointerpretive method is to render large-scale social actions and processes intelligible. Imputation of chains of meaning, motivation, and consequent likely courses of action are one hallmark. Macrointerpretive work is profoundly historical, and is well suited to reconciling agency and structure. It exhibits a continuous interplay of ideas and evidence, and combines inductive with deductive reasoning to solve anomalies, explain historically specific event sequences, and seek limited historical generalizations that are value-relevant and culturally significant. Enriched by multiple analytic techniques including diverse formal and nonformal narrative and comparative methods, macrointerpretive scholarship embodies tensions between the prominence accorded to narrative vs. comparisons, the concrete and particular vs. the abstract and general, conceptual understanding vs. causal analysis, and subjectivism vs. objectivism. Although built around a diversity of techniques, macrointerpretive scholarship of all sorts is well suited to forming and empirically examining concepts, hypotheses, and theories that help us understand how social structures work, how they reproduce themselves, and how they change.
2,4-Diaminopentanoic Acid C4 Dehydrogenase PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF THE PROTEIN

Abstract The NAD+-NADP+-dependent 2,4-diaminopentanoic acid C4 dehydrogenase from Clostridium sticklandii has been purified to homogeneity by the criteria of disc gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation. The weight average molecular weight of the native enzyme as determined by high speed sedimentation equilibrium is 72,000. Sedimentation velocity indicated an s20,w of 4.47 S. Sodium dodecyl sulfate disc gel electrophoresis and high speed sedimentation in 6 m guanidine HCl established that the enzyme is composed of 2 subunits of identical size. The enzyme is sensitive to thiol inhibitors, and titration with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and p-chloromercuribenzoate demonstrated the presence of six sulfhydryl groups per mole. Amino acid analysis indicated that the enzyme contains 6 half-cystine residues per mole.
Media multitasking and well-being of university students

This study examines the impact of media multitasking behaviors on university students' social and psychological well-being (indicated by social success, normalcy, and self-control measures). To address inconsistent findings in recent literature, we characterized media multitasking behaviors by motivations, characteristics, and contexts. In particular, we examined the motivation of the primary task and the synchronicity of the task when social interactions were involved. Synchronous social interactions were found to be significantly and positively associated with social success, normalcy, and self-control. However, as predicted, media multitasking during synchronous social interactions was associated with lower social success. Further, although increased media multitasking during cognitive activities was linked with decreased self-control, media multitasking during entertainment activities was correlated with increased social success, normalcy, and self-control. Media multitasking in different contexts influenced well-being variables differently.Media multitasking during synchronous social interactions was associated with lower social success.Increased media multitasking during cognitive activities was linked with decreased level of self-control.Media multitasking during entertainment activities was correlated to increased social success, normalcy, and self-control.
Effect of weight loss on lipid metabolism in the mature horse (814.4)

Obesity currently affects over half of the nation’s horses, and causes concern as it poses increased disease risks and impairs various metabolic functions. Weight loss is considered a viable option to correct these maladies. Our objective was to determine if weight loss affected markers of lipid metabolism. Eight, mixed sex horses (5-19 yr) were kept at an obese body condition score (BCS, 7-8) for two weeks, then entered a six week period of 30% caloric restriction and light exercise to reach a moderate BCS (5). Blood samples collected every other week were analyzed for non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and triglyceride concentration. Neck fat biopsies were also collected for ex vivo lipolysis analysis and media were analyzed for NEFA and free glycerol release. Plasma triglyceride and serum NEFA did not differ due to change in BCS or percent weight loss. Lipolysis, as indicated by release of NEFA, was decreased by change in BCS (p=0.01) and tended to be decreased by percent weight loss (p=0.07). Glycerol r...
Compensation of shutter opening induced flux transients using a robust algorithm for the molecular beam epitaxy process

In this paper a robust control system for the reduction of the flux transient caused by a shutter opening on a molecular beam epitaxy machine was developed and implemented. This control system determines the temperature setpoint modification needed to reduce the transient below 1.08 variation. The process identification system will determine the characteristic of the disturbance and the transfer function of the system. From this data a compensation signal is calculated and applied to the setpoint temperature of the PID controller. A computer is used to automatically apply the setpoint signal to the PID controller. This compensator will be integrated into a MBE control system developed at the Materials Directorate of Wright Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. >
Participatory Government and the Challenge of Inclusion: The Case of Local Government Structures in Post Apartheid South Africa

Local government structures are believed to be the essence of participatory democracy. It is through local government that citizens come into direct contact with their elected government, as power flows from national to local government. It is against this backdrop that the new local government structures were adopted in : as a measure to extend democracy to the larger citizenry. However, local government structures have not been able to live up to expectations, as they are generally characterized by sluggishness in terms of service delivery; failure to attract community participation; and, lately-towards the run-up of March 1 2006 local elections-mass protests and uprisings against these problems.The problem has been explained in terms of lack of capacity and technical know-how. This paper aims to go beyond such explanations, and argues that the local government "mayhem" has to do with structural limitations when it comes to drawing citizens' participation.Thus, in addition to lack of capacity, there is a problem of exclusion which undermines local government.
Apparent digestible protein, energy and amino acid availability of three plant proteins in Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus L. in seawater and low‐salinity water

Two experiments were conducted with Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus L. at 3 and 28 g L−1 salinity to determine apparent crude protein digestibility (ACPD), energy digestibility (AED) and amino acid availability (AAAA) from soybean meal (SBM), soy protein isolate (SPI) and corn gluten meal (CGM). Mean AAAA was similar to ACPD. In fish adapted to 3 g L−1 salinity, they were 81.2% and 81.9% (CGM), 93.6% and 92.2% (SBM), 93.8% and 93.1% (SPI) for AAAA and ACPD respectively. In fish adapted to 28 g L−1, they were 84.5% and 83.4% (CGM), 86.5% and 87.1% (SBM), and 83.4% and 85.0% (SPI) for AAAA and ACPD respectively. The AED was highest for SPI and lowest for SBM and inversely related to carbohydrate. The ACPD, AED and AAAA of soy products appeared to be lower in high salinity, whereas CGM was unaffected. The data suggest that SBM, SPI and CGM should be further evaluated as partial fishmeal replacements in Florida pompano diets. Application of the generated coefficients can be used to develop well-balanced, low-cost diets for Florida pompano reared in low salinity or seawater.
Breaking the quadratic barrier for 3-LCC's over the reals

We prove that 3-query linear locally correctable codes over the Reals of dimension d require block length n > d2+λ for some fixed, positive λ > 0. Geometrically, this means that if n vectors in Rd are such that each vector is spanned by a linear number of disjoint triples of others, then it must be that n > d2+λ. This improves the known quadratic lower bounds (e.g. [20, 28]). While a modest improvement, we expect that the new techniques introduced in this work will be useful for further progress on lower bounds of locally correctable and decodable codes with more than 2 queries. At a high level, our proof has two parts, clustering and random restriction. The clustering step uses a powerful geometric theorem of Barthe which finds a basis change (and rescaling) putting the code in nearly isotropic position. This together with the fact that any LCC must have many 'correlated' pairs of points, lets us deduce that the vectors must have a surprisingly strong geometric clustering, and hence also combinatorial clustering with respect to the spanning triples. In the restriction step, we devise a new variant of the dimension reduction technique used in previous lower bounds, which is able to take advantage of the combinatorial clustering structure above. The analysis of our random projection method reduces to a simple (weakly) random graph process, and works over any field.
Phagocytosis of bacteria by eosinophils in infectious-related asthma.

Abstract In the microscopic examination of sputum and nasal secretion samples from 100 patients with allergic and/or infectious involvement, 11 with intrinsic or infectious-related asthma demonstrated intracytoplasmic gram-positive cocci within vacuoles of eosinophils. Evidence for similar eosinophil phagocytic function could not be found in the cytologic study of secretions from those patients with respiratory tract involvement of primary extrinsic allergic etiology.
Perfusion signal processing for optimal detection performance

There is considerable interest in developing highresolution power-Doppler imaging to assess dynamic scattering that lacks the coherence necessary for color-flow Doppler methods. These methods have applications in evaluating the vascularity of cancerous lesions as well as micro-vasculature associated some auto-immune disorders. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the degree to which incorporating additional statistical properties of the perfusion signal can improve power-Doppler imaging. The analytical contribution of the work is the derivation of an optimal perfusion detector tuned to the correlation structure of the power-Doppler signal. We use this to compare the statistically optimal detector to detection performance of the standard wall-filtered intensity as proof-of-principle for the incorporation of signal statistics into perfusion imaging.
On-chip quantum simulation with superconducting circuits

Lithographically fabricated micrometre-scale superconducting circuits exhibit behaviour analogues to natural quantum entities, such as atom, ions and photons. Large-scale arrays of such circuits hold the promise of providing a unique route to quantum simulation. Recent progress in technology and methodology are reviewed here, and prospects and challenges discussed.
Adaptation to Differential Loading: Comparison of Growth-Related Changes in Cross-Sectional Properties of the Human Femur and Humerus

Changes in long bone cross-sectional geometry during growth can be influenced by biological and mechanical factors. Here, we assess relationships between cross-sectional geometric properties and length of the human humerus and femur during postnatal growth to test the hypothesis that loading history plays an important role in the development of adult bone morphology. A skeletal sample including 83 paired humeri and femora from individuals between birth and age 30 was examined. Midshaft cross-sectional geometric properties were determined based on computed tomographic scans and the two bones were compared by examining growth trajectories and scaling relationships between the cross-sectional properties and bone length. The growth trajectories for both bones were similar in many respects and showed that increase in length ceased by age 20, whereas increase in cross-sectional properties continued into the third decade of life. When compared to bone length, the cross-sectional geometric properties of the femur and humerus were similar early in postnatal life, but increased at a greater rate in the femur particularly during the first decade of life, leading to divergent adult morphologies. A beam model was developed to predict maximum midshaft strains in each bone as a function of age. The moment acting on the femur was estimated from an analysis of gait in children and the moment acting on the humerus was chosen so that the magnitude of the maximum midshaft strains in the two bones was equivalent in adulthood. With this model, the maximum midshaft strains for the femur were predicted to be higher than for the humerus during the first decade of life. These data support the concept that load history plays an important role in accretion of bone mass during postnatal growth.
Opening interlibrary loan to open access

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine interlibrary loan requests for open access materials submitted during fiscal years 2010 and 2011 and to determine the impact of open access materials upon fill rate for interlibrary borrowing requests.Design/methodology/approach – Borrowing requests for open access materials were quantitatively analyzed and compared to total borrowing requests.Findings – During the period studied, borrowing requests for open access materials increased while overall requests held steady. As the number of requests filled with open access documents continues to rise, Indiana University‐Purdue University Indianapolis University Library is able to provide a service to users and cost savings for the library by utilizing this material. The difficulty users have in navigating the online information environment makes it unlikely that interlibrary loan requests will decrease due to the growing amount of open access material available.Originality/value – The literature discussing the...
Dual-scale 3-D approach for modeling radiative heat transfer in fibrous insulations

Abstract In this work, a dual-scale computationally-affordable 3-D method is developed to simulate the transfer of radiative heat through fibrous media comprised of fibers with different diameters and orientations. The simulations start by generating a virtual fibrous material with specified microstructural properties and then compute the radiative properties of each fiber (i.e., effective phase function, as well as scattering and absorption coefficients) in the structure using the Mie Scattering theory. Considering independent scattering formulations for our fibrous media (media with high porosities), the radiative properties of the insulation material are computed by summing up the radiative properties of each individual fiber, after transforming the phase function values from the fiber’s local 3-D coordinates system to a fixed global coordinates system. The radiative properties of the media are then used in the Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) equation, an integro-differential equation obtained for computing the attenuation and augmentation of an InfraRed ray’s energy as it travels through a fibrous medium. Using the Discrete Ordinate Method (DOM), the RTE is then discretized into a system of twenty four coupled partial differential equations and solved numerically using the FlexPDE program to obtain the rate of heat transfer through the entire thickness of the media. Studying media with different microstructural properties, it was quantitatively shown that increasing solid volume fraction, thickness, or fibers’ through-plane orientation increases the rate of heat transfer through insulation. With regard to the role of fiber diameter, it was found that there exists a fiber diameter for which radiation heat transfer through a fibrous media is minimal, ranging between 3 and 10 μm for glass fibers operating in a temperature range of about 340–750 K.