cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A practical liquid-cooling design method for magnetic components of EMI filter in high power motor drives

This paper focuses on the liquid-cooling method of power inductors in electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters for high power motor drive application. A literature study on magnetic cooling methods with encapsulation, potting and liquid-cooled cold plate is carried out. An empirical evaluation method for potting effectiveness is proposed and validated with prototype encapsulation and example potting materials. One simplified experiment-based thermal modeling method for inductors is also developed with the purpose of avoiding time-consuming finite element simulation. Based on the potting evaluation method and simplified thermal modeling, one comprehensive design procedure is summarized.
Modeling with a Conceptual Representation: Is It Necessary? Does It Work?

In response to recent educational imperatives in the United States, modeling and systems thinking have been identified as being critical for science learning. In this paper, we investigate models in the classroom from two important perspectives: (1) from the teacher perspective to understand how teachers perceive models and use models in the classroom and (2) from the student perspective to understand how student use model-based reasoning to represent their understanding in a classroom setting. Qualitative data collected from 19 teachers who attended a professional development workshop in the northeastern United States indicate that while teachers see the value in teaching to think with models (i.e., during inquiry practices), they tend to use models mostly as communication tools in the classroom. Quantitative data collected about the modeling practices of 42 middle school students who worked collaboratively in small groups (4-5 students) using a computer modeling program indicated that students tended to engage in more mechanistic and function-related thinking with time as they reasoned about a complex system. Further, students had a typified trajectory of first adding and then next paring down ideas in their models. Implications for science education are discussed.
Modernity and the Dialectic of Detachment

This chapter takes up ambivalences toward the spatial distancing effects of modernity. Railroad travel was the instrumental nineteenth-century technology responsible for what was then known as space–time compression. This chapter examines the relay between the Enlightenment ideal of detachment and first-person travelogues during the long nineteenth century, from Washington Irving’s myth-making in “Rip Van Winkle” to Hamlin Garland’s late nineteenth-century autobiographical sketches.
Impact of problem-based charting on the utilization and accuracy of the electronic problem list.

Objective Problem-based charting (PBC) is a method for clinician documentation in commercially available electronic medical record systems that integrates note writing and problem list management. We report the effect of PBC on problem list utilization and accuracy at an academic intensive care unit (ICU). Materials and Methods An interrupted time series design was used to assess the effect of PBC on problem list utilization, which is defined as the number of new problems added to the problem list by clinicians per patient encounter, and of problem list accuracy, which was determined by calculating the recall and precision of the problem list in capturing 5 common ICU diagnoses. Results In total, 3650 and 4344 patient records were identified before and after PBC implementation at Stanford Hospital. An increase of 2.18 problems (>50% increase) in the mean number of new problems added to the problem list per patient encounter can be attributed to the initiation of PBC. There was a significant increase in recall attributed to the initiation of PBC for sepsis (β = 0.45, P < .001) and acute renal failure (β = 0.2, P = .007), but not for acute respiratory failure, pneumonia, or venous thromboembolism. Discussion The problem list is an underutilized component of the electronic medical record that can be a source of clinician-structured data representing the patient's clinical condition in real time. PBC is a readily available tool that can integrate problem list management into physician workflow. Conclusion PBC improved problem list utilization and accuracy at an academic ICU.
Career locus of control and school- and career-related adjustment among high-need youth with and without disabilities

An internal locus of control has benefits to individuals across multiple life domains, but little is known about associations between career locus of control (CLOC) and adjustment outcomes for adolescents with disabilities or at risk of academic failure. This exploratory study used data from 252 high school students to examine associations between CLOC and indicators of school- and career-related adjustment for high-need youth. Findings indicated that an internal CLOC contributed significantly to explaining variances in school bonding, engagement, career self-efficacy, and outcome expectations. Results also showed that adolescent girls with disabilities scored higher on external CLOC compared to boys with disabilities and boys and girls without disabilities. However, there were no moderation effects of ability status or gender on the strengths of CLOC and adjustment associations. Implications for research and practice were discussed in the context of study limitations.
From Brown to Grutter

In this essay, I suggest that the doctrinal legacy of Brown v. Board of Education1 must be assessed against the developments in equal protection since Brown. In this respect, although I contend that the Brown decision is one of the most important race decisions ever, its legacy as a doctrinal marker is an impoverished one. Here, I examine the core basis of the Brown decision and conclude that although ambiguous the decision had great potential. The belated implementation of Brown, however, and its weak remedial counterpart Brown II2 severely limited its potential as a vehicle for school desegregation. By the time that the Supreme Court demanded that states comply with Brown, many courts were already holding that Brown did not require integration but merely forbade the state enforcement of segregation, and coupled with various other theories of constitutional resistance to Brown were emerging.3 Moreover, even as the Court articulated justifications for broad relief designed to produce unitary school districts, the Supreme Court also began to articulate constitutionally based arguments marking the limits of Brown.4 Brown’s legacy must also be measured by the degree to which its progeny provided constitutional cover to policies limiting
Horticultural Science’s Role in Meeting the Need of Urban Populations

Horticultural products and services impact the health and well-being of urban populations. This is an extremely important group for horticultural scientists and researchers to serve: more than half of all people worldwide already live in urban areas, and more than two-thirds will do so by 2050. In this chapter we address the past, current, and future roles that horticultural science plays in the major issues of concern to public welfare: public health, environmental health, food security, and economic stability. Urban horticulture has important impacts on the health of the individual and the community, two concerns of public health. Documented individual health benefits include less depression and improved pregnancy outcomes from walking in or living near urban green spaces. Community gardens, parks, and other urban vegetation enhance community health by improving social interactions, such as family dynamics, and public safety, such as protection from crimes. Uses of plants to improve the urban environment include temperature modification, air pollution reduction, and water quality improvement. Impacts on biological diversity are mixed. Other negative impacts include the introduction of invasive species. Urban food security requires food in sufficient, nutritious, and affordable quantities. Providing this for all people is one of the greatest challenges for horticultural science. Potential solutions include increasing small-scale food production in urban areas by providing more community gardens or converting vacant lots. Horticulture contributes directly to urban economics through the production and sales of horticultural products by urban businesses. Indirect contributions from plants include higher property values and more productive employees. The increasing urbanization and aging of the human population is happening in conjunction with rising environmental destruction from global warming and climate change. Combining the traditional horticultural concern of feeding the world with an expanded understanding of the additional functions provided by horticultural products, the needs of urban people, and the opportunities to partner with professionals in other disciplines will be essential in the unpredictable future.
The component structure of elderly population growth in the Netherlands: 1950-1980.

While there is no doubt about the magnitude of the growth of older age groups in industrialized nations, its structural components are less well understood. This paper examines the roles played by cohort succession and mortality in the process for the Netherlands during the period 1950 to 1980. While the size of population aged 65 and over has increased for both males and females, increases in the size of succeeding cohorts explain all of the growth in the older male population. Reductions in mortality at the older old ages play a much greater role than do reductions at younger old ages; the latter reductions occur among females only.
Acquiring Gilead Sciences as a Proposed Strategy for Merck & Co. Growth

Merck & Co., a global top ten pharmaceutical company with net sales of $27.4 billion and $13 billion in net income in 2009, controls 4.8 % of the United States market share and 3.39 % of the global pharmaceutical market share (Anon (2011e) Merck 10-K [Online] (Updated 11 February 2011) Available at: http://www.mergentonline.com.lib.pepperdine.edu. Accessed 11 Feb 2011). Through extensive environmental industry analysis and company assessment, the expansion of research and development through the acquisition of biotechnical research Gilead Sciences is a strategy for corporate growth. Gilead is a viable candidate for Merck possessing access to increasingly profitable biotechnology and pipeline presence in the cardiovascular and central nervous market segments. Merck can increase market share and develop new products that reinforce “building and sustaining high performance organizations in a challenging environment.”
Gastro-oesophageal Reflux and Hiatus Hernia

Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GER) is a physiological phenomenon that occurs in persons of all age groups, more frequently after the ingestion of liquid food. Therefore, most infants spit up milk after feedings, sometimes in a spectacular fashion. This postprandial regurgitation is rarely associated with any serious consequences to the baby and is usually outgrown by 1–2 years of age.
Zr Promotion of Co/SiO2 for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

Zr has been proposed in the patent literature as an important promoter for Co/SiO{sub 2} Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts. This paper reports on an investigation of the influence of Zr promotion of 20 wt% Co/SiO{sub 2} on FTS using catalysts prepared in different ways and having different loadings of Zr (up to 8.5 wt%). The catalysts were investigated using FTS (H{sub 2}/CO = 2), H{sub 2}-D{sub 2} exchange, and CO dissociation to provide insight into how Zr modifies the Co properties. The Zr-promoted catalysts exhibited higher overall rates of FTS compared to unpromoted Co/SiO{sub 2}. The sequentially impregnated Co/Zr/SiO{sub 2} catalysts appeared to be the most active. However, the coimpregnation method of preparation appeared to result in higher cobalt dispersion. While Zr promotion did not appear to promote or inhibit H{sub 2} activation, hydrogen spillover may have been partly responsible for enhancing the activity of the sequentially impregnated Zr/Co/SiO{sub 2} catalysts. Zr also possibly created an active interface with Co that increased catalyst activity by facilitating CO dissociation. Although high levels of promotion tended to increase the selectivity for higher hydrocarbons, Zr appears to primarily an excellent rate promoter for Co/SiO{sub 2}. 34 refs., 2 figs., 4 tabs.
Role of Vitamin B12 and Folate Deficiencies in Carcinogenesis

A significant body of experimental evidence supports the notion that a deficiency of either vitamin B12 or folic acid enhances the activity of various carcinogens. Unifying mechanisms are proposed to explain this cocarcinogenic role.
Detecting axions via induced electron spin precession

We propose a new window to detect axionlike particle dark matter from electrically charged fermions, such as electrons and quarks. We specifically consider a direct interaction between the axion and the electron and find that the nonrelativistic quantum dynamics induces a spin precession due to the axion and is enhanced by the application of an external electric field. This precession gives a change in magnetic flux which under certain circumstances can yield a detectable signal for superconducting quantum interference device.
Effect of winter herbicide applications on bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) and giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta).

Immense stands of bald cypress [Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.] make it difficult for herbicide applicators to access the free-floating fern giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta Mitchell), which can be found growing under the canopy of the trees. The difficulty of accessing these areas, as well as avoiding direct contact of herbicides with tree foliage, provides a substantial amount of nonmanaged plant material capable of rapidly reinfesting treated sites, thus making management efforts null and void. Herbicide application during the winter, when bald cypress sheds its leaves, may be an ideal time to manage S. molesta and minimize negative impacts on the nontarget tree. Therefore, the herbicides diquat, glyphosate, flumioxazin, and glyphosate + diquat were evaluated at one of the three application timings (December, January, or February) against S. molesta and immature bald cypress during the winter. All herbicide treatments, except diquat applied in February of year 1, reduced S. molesta biomass 40% to 100%. In addition, flumioxazin applications during December, January, and February provided ≥70% S. molesta control with little or no negative impacts to bald cypress health. A treatment by timing interaction revealed that trees exposed to flumioxazin did not result in a significant decrease in average leaf length when compared with reference trees 20 wk after bud break at any of the three application timings. In addition, bald cypress exposed to flumioxazin produced the highest probability of a refoliation pattern equivalent to the nontreated reference trees. Although complete tree mortality was not documented in either study, delayed and abnormal leaf formation, reduced leaf length, irregular canopy formation, or no negative effects were observed among herbicide-treated bald cypress. This research suggests that winter herbicide applications over the top of dormant bald cypress may be a practical management technique for controlling severe infestations of S. molesta.
The formative phase of the Helmand Civilization, Iran and Afghanistan: New data from compositional analysis of ceramics from Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran

Abstract The Helmand Civilization in southern Afghanistan and southeastern Iran dates to the third millennium BCE and is best documented by the sites of Shahr-i Sokhta (Iran) and Mundigak (Afghanistan). Its formative phase in the late fourth/early third millennia BCE corresponds to a period that witnesses for the first time a substantial increase in interregional relationships within and between the Indo-Iranian Borderlands and southern Central Asia. Period I at Shahr-i Sokhta is a good illustration of this phenomenon as this period's remains – particularly the ceramics – are characterized by numerous traits with relationships to various, distant cultural spheres located in Iran, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Yet, in many cases, the nature of these relationships remains unclear. In this article, we utilize Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) on different ceramic styles from Shahr-i Sokhta Period I along with one sherd from Mundigak Period III in order to determine whether these shared traits represent actual exchange among separate cultural groups or local imitations of distant ceramic styles. Our results provide new information on the intercultural interactions that occurred during the foundation period of Shahr-i Sokhta and the formative phase of the Helmand Civilization. More broadly, they add another piece to the research that aims to define the nature of the increasing interregional relationships visible around 3000 BCE in eastern Middle Asia.
Internet Routing and Non-monotonic Reasoning.

Internet routing is the process of selecting paths across the Internet to connect the communicating hosts, it is unique in that path selection is jointly determined by a network of independently operated networks, known as domains or Autonomous Systems (ASes), that interconnect to form the Internet. In fact, the present routing infrastructure takes such an extreme position that it favors local autonomy—an AS can use arbitrary path preference to override the default shortest path policy, at the expense of potential global oscillation—a collection of AS preferences (policies) can fail to converge on a stable path, a path that is also the most preferred possible for every AS along the path. In this paper, we examine the route oscillation problem with non-monotonic reasoning. We observe that, in the absence of any AS specific policies, Internet routing degenerates into the monotonic computation of shortest path—a preferred (shorter) (super)path always extends another preferred (sub)path; But fully autonomous AS policies are non-monotonic—a path favored by one AS can be an extension of a less preferred path of a neighbor, to which an “upgrade” to a better path can cause this AS to downgrade to a less preferred path previously discarded. Based on this insight, we present an Answer Set Programming (ASP) formulation that allows for automatic oscillation detection. Our evaluation using the clingo ASP solver is promising: on realistic Internet topology and representative policies, clingo can detect anomalies within 35 s.
Gene editing for immune cell therapies.

Autologous T cells that have been genetically modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting the B cell antigen CD19 have yielded remarkable clinical responses in patients with B cell malignancies, and are now on the market as anticancer ‘drugs’. Riding on this success, the field of immune cell engineering is rapidly growing, with creative solutions to major outstanding challenges, such as limitations in target antigen selection, the hostility of the tumor microenvironment and the logistical challenges of generating autologous therapies. Innovations in antigen receptor design, coupled with advances in gene transfer and gene-editing technologies, have enabled the engineering of T cells to have sophisticated sensing circuits, to have synthetic functionalities, and to be used as off-the-shelf, universal cellular products. As these technologies are applied to other immune cells, such as natural killer cells, hematopoietic cells or induced pluripotent stem cells, the potential to transform the treatment of many cancers, as well as other diseases, is palpably exciting. We discuss the pipeline of several influential innovations in the preclinical setting, the early translational results from clinical trials of these next-generation approaches, and the outlook for gene-modified or gene-edited cell therapies. Bailey and Maus discuss cutting-edge developments in engineering immune cells towards expanding the reach and efficacy of adoptive cell therapies in cancer and beyond.
Recovering from Homelessness: Determining the “Quality of Sobriety” in a Transitional Housing Program

Recent years have seen fundamental shifts in the objectives and delivery of assistance to the homeless. An early emphasis on emergency shelter and monetary housing assistance has been replaced by a focus on programs designed to blend shelter with an array of social services. In most instances, however, programs combining shelter and social services are designed as transitional; that is, they are intended to help homeless individuals and families move from a position of dependence to one where they can live “independently.” The emphasis in transitional housing programs is on making homeless people “housing ready.” This paper concerns the process of assessing “housing readiness” as observed during eighteen months of fieldwork in a federally supported transitional housing program for formerly homeless single adults. The detailed case study that follows supports three important findings. First, there was virtual unanimity among staff and residents that substance abuse was the cause of their homelessness and the key to its solution. Second, success within the program was defined and operationalized along very specific but well understood normative dimensions that have little to do with the material circumstances in which residents find themselves and everything to do with “recovery.” Third, “recovery”—the key to housing readiness in this environment—was measured not by objective measures, i.e., number of months sober, but rather by what was widely referred to as one's “quality of sobriety,” a subjective and consequently often hotly debated measure of attitude and outlook only loosely related to demonstrable abstinence from alcohol. This last finding, that ultimately housing readiness is a subjective judgment, both increases the discretion of shelter staff and generates a systematic disattention to the individual economic issues that are fundamental to an exit from homelessness.
Chapter 10: 60GHz All- Silicon Radio IC: How It All Started

Abstract Demand for high data rate in the order of multi-Gb/s for short-range wireless links application has grown rapidly in the last decade. Especially utilizing the 7-GHz unlicensed bandwidth around the 60-GHz spectrum. Significant amount of research has gone in both academia and industry to realize this vision of low-cost ICs operating around 60 GHz. This would have been unthinkable twenty years ago, but thanks to the pace of innovation in this field, we are closer to this realization than ever. This chapter will discuss the early efforts that lead to the very first prototypes of CMOS-based 60 GHz RFICs. Detailed design examples and performances of various types of 60-GHz CMOS power amplifier, the most critical block in a transmitter front-end, are discussed. Complete mm-Wave integration is targeted for the 60-GHz transmitter front-end aiming toward more flexible and robust heterodyne architecture in terms of overall gain, output power, and total power consumption. The single-chip radio transceiver developed in 2008 achieves an overall gain of 20 dB, while delivering 11 dBm saturated output power at 63 GHz with less than 200 mW total power consumption in the transmitter chain. These performances present excellent design trade-offs, for a 60-GHz single-chip transmitter in 90-nm CMOS radio transceiver, in terms of overall gain, output power, and total power consumption. The measured results of one of the very first 60-GHz single-chip transceiver with integrated transmitter front-end along with IF and baseband circuitry are also discussed. Uncompressed high-definition video streaming using the developed single-chip 60-GHz radio transceiver IC is demonstrated.
Phase II trial of paclitaxel in front-line therapy of hormone refractory metastatic prostate cancer

15628 Hormone refractory prostate cancer patients have poor prognosis with median survival of only 16 months. They are frequently elderly men with many co-morbid conditions unable to tolerate treat...
The Gulf of Mexico: An Introductory Survey of a Seep-Dominated Seafloor Landscape

The Gulf of Mexico is home to numerous hydrocarbon seeps, brine lakes and mud volcanoes that provide habitats for hydrocarbon-dependent microbial communities; trophic linkages connect these hydrocarbon microbiota with benthic marine invertebrates and provide the foundation of complex benthic ecosystems that are ultimately sustained by hydrocarbon seepage. Sampling and reconnaissance by submersibles provide a first impression of the diversity of Gulf of Mexico hydrocarbon seeps, paving the way for further discoveries. This chapter provides on overview of selected hydrocarbon and brine seeps on the northern slope of the Gulf of Mexico that were visited and explored during two month-long cruises with research submersible Alvin and R/V Atlantis in 2010 and 2014.
CHARACTERIZING THE WAITLISTED, RECIPIENT AND DECEASED DONOR POPULATIONS IN CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION, 1987-2016

Temporal trends in demographics of the deceased donor population in cardiac transplantation in the United States (US) have not been comprehensively examined. This population is important to study in order to address potential disparities in all facets of cardiac transplantation. We utilized the
Evidence for silica gel and its role in faulting in the Tuscarora Sandstone

Abstract Silica gel has been proposed as a fault weakening mechanism that may offer a solution to the stress paradox of faulting and be important in promoting seismic slip. Evidence that a gel was present in a fault zone during displacement has proven elusive owing to the unstable nature of a gel and its descendants. Examination of faults in the Middle Silurian Tuscarora Sandstone and other quartz-rich rocks in the region has shown that the microcrystalline quartz in bands and cement in cataclasites was derived from a silica gel. The presence of comminuted grains, silica nanospheres, flow features, amorphous silica, and polygonal crystal domains of low dislocation density within microcrystalline quartz on and adjacent to the fault surfaces is interpreted as evidence of a mobile silica gel precursor. Brecciated microbreccias and mutually crosscutting relationships between microfractures, microcrystalline quartz bands, and microveins along and adjacent to fault surfaces suggest that formation of these features was cyclic. Mutually overprinting textures between brittle and fault creep microstructures (stylolites) indicate alternating episodic brittle deformation and pressure solution. As silica-rich rocks are common, understanding the process of silica gel formation on fault surfaces and its behavior may provide new insights into the mechanics of faulting in the brittle crust.
Systematic Review of Second Primary Oropharyngeal Cancers in Patients With p16+ Oropharyngeal Cancer.

ObjectiveTo systematically review the literature to determine the prevalence and clinical outcomes of second primary oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).Data SourcesSearch strategies crea...
Approach to Weakness

Approach to weakness provides an overview of the flow of the motor system and the type of weakness seen at each level starting from cortex to the muscle. This chapter attempts to explain the basic motor system pathway and describes different approaches to weakness that help to distinguish pathology at each level of localization. This chapter in a nutshell provides the clinical pearls needed to identify different pattern of weakness and accurately localize the level of weakness.
Toward Smart Internet of Things (IoT) Devices: Exploring the Regions of Interest for Recognition of Facial Expressions using Eye-gaze Tracking

A significant portion of the internet of things (IoT) devices will become reliable products in our daily life if and only if they are equipped with strong human computer interaction (HCI) technologies, specifically visual interaction with users through affective computing. One of the major challenges faced in affective computing is recognizing facial expressions and the true emotions behind them. Despite numerous studies performed, current detection systems are ineffective at correctly identifying facial expressions with reliable accuracy, especially in case of negative expressions. Several research projects attempted to extract the recognition process that humans follow to identify facial expressions in order to replicate in smart machines without a significant success. This paper describes our interdisciplinary project whose goal is to extract and define the recognition process that humans follow when identifying the facial expressions of others. We monitor this process by identifying and analyzing the regions of interest participants look at when they are shown static emotions samples under a specific experimental setup. This paper reports the current status of data collection, experimental setup, and initial data visualization.
Random Matrix Approach for the Capacity of Large-Scale MIMO Systems using the Harish-Chandra Formula

The future communication networks tend to be denser and the use of large number of antennas becomes an attractive feature in 5G systems. However, the analysis and design of such networks become more challenging as engineers find a difficulty to deal with the scalability problem. That is it is not trivial to define the precise achievable rate region as the number of network terminals and bandwidth size increase (i.e., mmWave communications). However, it has been noticed that the macroscopic view of the network can provide a useful abstraction. As the system gets larger, the macroscopic view can ease the network optimization solution and provide attractive engineering insights. To this end, random matrix theory (RMT) has been used to model the interaction complexity between multiple terminals in multi-antenna systems, where it can provide the asymptotic behaviour of the eigenvalue distributions of the products and sums of matrices. In this paper, we present a random matrix approach to derive the capacity of multi-antenna systems over Rayleigh fading channels. We also study the impact of channel correlation on the capacity of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems.
Advanced therapeutic inhalation aerosols of a Nrf2 activator and RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor for targeted pulmonary drug delivery in pulmonary hypertension: design, characterization, aerosolization, in vitro 2D/3D human lung cell cultures, and in vivo efficacy

Inhalable nanostructured microparticles of simvastatin, a Nrf2 activator and RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, were rationally designed for targeted pulmonary delivery as dry powder inhalers (DPIs) for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Advanced particle engineering design technology was employed to develop inhalable dry powders using different dilute feed concentrations and spray drying pump rates. Several analytical techniques were used comprehensively to characterize the physicochemical properties of the resulting powders. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize particle morphology (shape), surface structure, size, and size distribution. Karl Fischer titration (KFT) was employed to quantify the residual water content in the powders. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) was used to determine crystallinity. Hot-stage microscopy (HSM) under cross-polarizing lens was used to observe the presence or absence of birefringence characteristic of crystallinity. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to quantify thermotropic phase behavior. Attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to determine the molecular fingerprint of simvastatin powders before and after particle engineering design. In vitro aerosol dispersion performance was performed with three different Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved human DPI devices. Cell viability and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) were demonstrated using different in vitro human pulmonary cell two and three-dimensional models at the air-liquid interface, and in vivo safety in healthy rats by inhalation. Efficacy was demonstrated in the in vivo lamb model of PH. Four different inhalable powders of simvastatin were successfully produced. They possessed nanostructured surfaces and were in the inhalable size range. Simvastatin retained its crystallinity following particle engineering design. The more dilute feed concentration spray dried at the lower pump rate produced the smallest particles. All powders successfully aerosolized with all three DPI human devices. Inhaled simvastatin as an aerosol restored the endothelial function in the shunt lamb model of PH, as demonstrated by the reduction of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in response to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine.The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
A randomized control trial of a behavioral intervention for older adults with subjective cognitive complaints that combines cognitive rehabilitation strategies and lifestyle modifications.

This study examined the effectiveness of a 10-week cognitive rehabilitation and lifestyle modifying intervention that integrated compensation strategies, engagement in brain activities, and improvi...
Ordinary language philosophy, explanation, and the historical turn in philosophy of science.

Abstract Taking a cue from remarks Thomas Kuhn makes in 1990 about the historical turn in philosophy of science, I examine the history of history and philosophy of science within parts of the British philosophical context in the 1950s and early 1960s. During this time, ordinary language philosophy's influence was at its peak. I argue that the ordinary language philosophers' methodological recommendation to analyze actual linguistic practice influences several prominent criticisms of the deductive-nomological model of scientific explanation and that these criticisms relate to the historical turn in philosophy of science. To show these connections, I primarily examine the work of Stephen Toulmin, who taught at Oxford from 1949 to 1954, and Michael Scriven, who completed a dissertation on explanation under Gilbert Ryle and R.B. Braithwaite in 1956. I also consider Mary Hesse's appeal to an ordinary language-influenced account of meaning in her account of the role of models and analogies in scientific reasoning, and W.H. Watson's Wittgensteinian philosophy of science, an early influence on Toulmin. I think there are two upshots to my historical sketch. First, it fills out details of the move away from logical positivism to more historical- and practice-focused philosophies of science. Second, questions about linguistic meaning and the proper targets and aims of philosophical analysis are part and parcel of the historical turn, as well as its reception. Looking at the philosophical background during which so-called linguistic philosophers also had a hand in bringing these questions to prominence helps us understand why.
Response to "A clinical and biological review of keratoacanthoma": reply from authors.

We appreciate the interest of the authors in our review of keratoacanthoma (KA).1 They raise several points that were discussed in our manuscript. First, they suggest that the histopathological differentiation from KA and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is not as problematic as reviewed; however, they qualify that an "adequate specimen is required" and "partial biopsies are not reliable." This is a key point we discussed, as a portion of biopsies may be too small to identify important architectural features or may be unrepresentative of the tumor, which limits the ability of the pathologist to distinguish between KA and SCC2-4 , and typically leads to an overcall of SCC to avoid a missed malignancy. Indeed, most experienced dermatopathologists can accurately discriminate between KA and SCC when an ample biopsy representative of the tumor is obtained. Second, they question the practicality of using the stereotypical triphasic evolution pattern of KA to aid in diagnosis and state that "patient history is likely to be unreliable."
Leadership development of individuals with developmental disabilities in the self-advocacy movement.

Background Exploring the life stories of leaders in the self-advocacy movement can expand our knowledge about leadership development of individuals with developmental disabilities. A better understanding of this process may assist with supporting the movement and leadership development of youth with disabilities. Methods In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 13 leaders in the self-advocacy movement within the USA in order to explore their life stories. Purposeful sampling contributed to a diverse sample of leaders. A grounded theory approach led to the identification of major themes and factors associated with their leadership development. Findings Four major themes emerged: (1) disability oppression and resistance; (2) environmental supports and relationships; (3) leadership skills; and (4) advanced leadership opportunities. Findings have conceptual and practical relevance for future interventions and research.
Fiber optical tweezers for simultaneous force exertion and measurements in a 3D hydrogel compartment

We developed an inclined dual fiber optical tweezers (DFOTs) for simultaneous force application and measurements in a 3D hydrogel matrix. The inclined DFOTs provide a potential solution for cell mechanics study in a three-dimensional matrix.
Peirce’s Anticipation of Game Theoretic Logic and Semantics

Immanuel Kant bequeathed to us four triadic divisions of “functions of judgment” under the headings of Quantity, Quality, Modality, and Relation.1 If we restrict attention to the simplest possible propositional forms, Peirce’s revised and improved version of Kant’s tables is represented by Figure 1.
Pancreatic function and intestinal absorption in chronic alcoholism.

Pancreatic function, small intestinal absorption, and morphology were investigated in 37 male chronic alcoholic patients without liver cirrhosis and with no overt clinical evidence of malabsorption or malnutrition. Pancreatic response to secretin stimulation was abnormal in 44% and steatorrhea was present in 35% of the patients. Although the histologic appearance of the jejunal mucosa was normal in all of the patients, d -xylose malabsorption was found in 24%. Most of these abnormalities reverted to normal when an adequate diet was instituted with or without continuation of alcohol, and alcohol had no detrimental effect on normal pancreatic function when given with a normal diet. By these findings it is suggested that subclinical protein malnutrition is one of the underlying causes of malabsorption in chronic alcoholic patients.
Juvenile salmonid growth, survival, and production in a large river floodplain modified by beavers (Castor canadensis)

Beavers (Castor canadensis) may strongly influence juvenile salmon production by damming spring brooks that are primary rearing habitats on expansive floodplains of large Pacific Rim salmon rivers. We studied three floodplain rearing habitats in the Kwethluk River, Alaska: free-flowing (beaver-free, n = 3) and beaver-influenced (below beaver dams, n = 4) spring brooks and early-successional beaver ponds (n = 4). We analyzed juvenile coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytschwa) salmon movement, survival, densities, and growth using a multistate robust capture–mark–recapture design. Survival (46% to 80%) and densities (0.9 fish·m−2) were highest in beaver-free spring brooks. Ponds had lower salmon densities, producing less biomass per unit area than beaver-influenced or beaver-free spring brooks (1.87 ± 0.57 g·m−2 vs. 2.98 ± 1.22 and 3.23 ± 0.73 g·m−2). However, ponds covered 2× greater area than either type of spring brook and therefore produced more salmon biomass at the floodplain ...
The Perturbation ϕ2, 1 of the M(p, p + 1) Models of Conformal Field Theory and Related Polynomial-Character Identities

Using q-trinomial coefficients of Andrews and Baxter along with the technique of telescopic expansions, we propose and prove a complete set of polynomial identities of Rogers-Ramanujan type for M(p, p + 1) models of conformal field theory perturbed by the operator ϕ2, 1. The bosonic form of our polynomials is closely related to corner transfer matrix sums which arise in the computation of the order parameter in the regime 1+ of Ap−1 dilute models. In the limit where the degree of the polynomials tends to infinity our identities provide new companion fermionic representations for all Virasoro characters of unitary minimal series.
Flexible Bayesian analysis of first price auctions using a simulated likelihood

I propose a Bayesian method to analyze bid data from first-price auctions under private value paradigms. I use a series representation to specify the valuation density so that bidding monotonicity is always satisfied, and I impose density affiliation by the nonparametric technique of Beresteanu (2007). This flexible method is, therefore, fully compatible with the underlying economic theory. To handle such a rich specification, I use a simulated likelihood, yet obtain a correct posterior by regarding the draws used for simulation as a latent variable to be augmented in the Bayesian framework; see Flury and Shephard, 2011. I provide a step-by-step guide of the method, report its performance from various perspectives, and compare the method with the existing one for a range of data generating processes and sample sizes. Finally, I analyze a bid sample for drilling rights in the outer continental shelf that has been widely studied and propose a reserve price that is decision theoretically optimal under parameter uncertainty.
VIBRANT PLACES: CLARIFYING THE TERMINOLOGY OF URBANISM IN THE U.S. CONTEXT

The preferred development outcomes of smart growth, New Urbanism, transit-oriented development, traditional neighborhood/green development, active design and walkable urbanism may be called vibrant places which are compact, connected, mixed use, walkable and transit oriented. Vibrant places can be either vibrant centers or vibrant communities depending on the predominance of work space in the former or residential neighborhoods in the latter. Together vibrant centers and communities offer an alternative regional spatial structure of transit-connected nodal development. The metro region would consist of transit-oriented vibrant centers in an approximate rank-size distribution and vibrant communities located around urban core centers and suburban town centers. This regional spatial structure would support the emerging knowledge-based economy in the U.S., reduce vehicle miles traveled, promote public health, use public infrastructure more efficiently and consume much less land.
Analysis of three-dimensional ducted and exhaust plume flowfields

Computational procedures are described for analyzing three-dimensional supersonic internal flows and multinozzle exhaust plume flowfields. The computer codes (BIGMAC and CHAR3D) embodying these procedures cater to a broad spectrum of geometric situations via the use of multiple reference plane grid networks in several coordinate systems. Shock capturing techniques are employed to trace the propagation and interaction of multiple shock surfaces. Gas properties consist of combustion products in chemical equilibrium. The computational accuracy of the codes is assessed via comparisons with the results of other codes and experimental data. Results are presented for the flows in two-dimensional ducts, corner flows, flow in a rectangular nozzle, and the plume flowfields for exhausts issuing out of single and multiple rectangular nozzles.
Paleomagnetism of Eocene plutonic rocks, Matanuska Valley, Alaska

Paleomagnetic analysis of 88 samples from 14 sites in four Eocene sills in the Matanuska Valley, south-central Alaska, yields a paleomagnetic pole at lat 72.9°N, long 281.1°E, precision parameter ( k ) =15.4. The paleolatitude of this result suggests that this part of the Alaskan crust was at or near its present position relative to North America in the middle Tertiary. This pole also indicates that the region has been rotated clockwise by approximately 50°. These results can be explained by local block rotations of fault-bounded blocks in response to regional right-lateral shear along both the Castle Mountain and Border Ranges faults.
Abstract 3069: Radial flow microfluidic device for high-throughput affinity-based isolation of circulating tumor cells

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are believed to play an important role in metastasis, a process accounting for the majority of cancer-related deaths. They offer a non-invasive biopsy technique to study tumors and are shown to be useful prognostic indicators. Because of their rarity in the bloodstream, microfluidic isolation techniques are complex and time-consuming, and provide yields of CTCs insufficient or non-viable for studies other than enumeration. Additionally, due to the low processing speeds, the volumes of blood processed remain limited and can be a hindrance to obtaining higher yields of CTCs and their potential use as biomarkers of early diagnosis. Here we report a novel high throughput microfluidic technology, the OncoBean Chip, employing radial flow that introduces a varying shear profile across the device and enables efficient cell capture by affinity at high flow rates. The cell recovery from whole blood was validated with cancer cell lines H1650 and MCF7, and the OncoBean Chip achieved an efficiency >80% at a throughput of 10 mL/hr, a flow rate yet achieved only in physical size based separation techniques. A cell viability of 92.91% shows that the cells recovered at high throughput could still be used for downstream analysis. Clinical competence was demonstrated in blood specimens from breast, pancreatic and lung cancer patients. The OncoBean Chip thus holds potential applications in the diagnosis of early stage cancers, where the low numbers of CTCs could be enriched using this novel device. Citation Format: Vasudha Murlidhar, Rishindra M. Reddy, Mina Zeinali, Svetlana Grabauskiene, Mostafa Ghannad-Rezaie, Max S. Wicha, Diane M. Simeone, Nithya Ramnath, Sunitha Nagrath. Radial flow microfluidic device for high-throughput affinity-based isolation of circulating tumor cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3069. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3069
TRANSIENT HIGH‐DENSITY INJECTION IN A SEMICONDUCTOR WITH TRAPS

The properties of high‐density injection into p‐InSb at 77 °K are compared with theory. An extension of Dean's theory is in satisfactory agreement with the extensive observations which include density‐dependent growth times.
Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Children Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus † 892

Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Children Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus † 892
Secondary Criteria in the Selection of Minimum Bias Designs in Two Variables

For the second order estimating function, ŷ(x), and third order true function η(x) in two variables, secondary criteria are used to select a design from the class of average minimum bias designs. It is shown that designs can be constructed which not only allow estimation of a cubic model with nearly minimum variance averaged over a square but also provide for efficient lack of fit tests. Average qiradratic variance is also evaluated. Specific 12 point and 16 point designs are recommended.