cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reactor Issues Important for the Deposition of Selective Tungsten by Chemical Vapor Deposition Using the SiH4 Reduction of WF6

We have analyzed a single-wafer chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor used for the selective deposition of tungsten (W) by the silanc (SiH4) reduction of tungsten hcxafluoride (WF6). Results from a reactor model, which incorporates simplified heterogeneous reaction chemistry, arc compared to experimental data obtained from the same reactor to provide insight and understanding into reactor performance and define some of the trade-offs in the design of the reactor. A reactor for this process must provide: acold-wall temperature to suppress homogeneous reactions, a uniform wafer temperature to ensure uniform stress and resistivity in deposited films, and a uniform flux of SiH4 to the wafer surface to ensure uniform thickness of films. Maintaining a small internal volume in the reaction chamber was found to be beneficial for reducing both the quantity of rcactant gas at elevated temperatures and the residence time of the gas in the reactor, both of which lead to improved selectivity.
Family caregiver satisfaction with early palliative care for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

9027 Background: Historically, there has been no established role for palliative care in treating ambulatory oncology patients who are not at the end of life, but still struggling with the physical...
Artificial General Intelligence——a Gentle Introduction

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) treats "intelligence" as a whole, therefore it is different from most of the traditional AI works. This talk outline presents an overview of AGI, by summarizing its historical development, fundamental problems, as well as some representative projects. Additional materials are linked in the text.
cAMP delays disappearance of gap junctions between pairs of rat hepatocytes in primary culture.

Pages C1–C11 : J. A. Saez, W. A. Gregory, T. Watanabe, R. Dermietzel, E. L. Hertzberg, L. Reid, M. V. L. Bennett, and D. C. Spray. “cAMP delays disappearance of gap junctions between pairs of rat hepatocytes in primary culture.” Page C8: Fig. 8B should appear as follows:
Coordination of Inventory and Shipment Consolidation Decisions: A Review of Premises, Models, and Justification

This chapter takes into account the latest industrial trends in integrated logistical management and focuses on recent supply-chain initiatives that enable the integration of inventory and transportation decisions. The specific initiatives of interest include Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI), Third Party Warehousing/Distribution (3PW/D), and Time Definite Delivery (TDD) applications. Under these initiatives, substantial savings can be realized by carefully incorporating an out-bound shipment strategy with inventory replenishment decisions. The impact is particularly tangible when the shipment strategy calls for a consolidation program where several smaller deliveries are dispatched as a single combined load, thereby realizing the scale economies inherent in transportation. Recognizing a need for analytical research in the field, this chapter concentrates on two central areas in shipment consolidation: i) analysis of pure consolidation policies where a shipment consolidation program is implemented on its own without coordination, and ii) analysis of integrated policies where outbound consolidation and inventory control decisions are coordinated under recent supply-chain initiatives. The chapter presents a research agenda, as well as a review of the related literature, in these two areas. Some of the recent findings of the methodological research are summarized, and current and future research endeavors are discussed. By offering a theoretical framework for modeling recent supply-chain initiatives, the chapter highlights some of the many challenging practical problems in this emerging field.
Differential capacitance technique for characterization of hot carrier induced degradation in p-channel MOSFETs

A novel technique for the characterization of hot-electron-induced degradation in p-channel MOS devices is described. By measuring the gate to source/drain capacitance both before and after constant bias stressing, a capacitance difference curve can be generated from which the amount of electrically active sites is extracted. Detrapping of trapped charge has been observed and is shown to be sensitive to measurement conditions. Two-dimensional device simulations have been performed to analyze and confirm these experimental results. >
Soft cosmic ray tomography for detection of explosives

Charged particle tomography has been gaining ground due to its unique probing characteristics, and the ability of cosmic ray muons to deeply penetrate matter, allowing sensitivity to atomic number, radiation length and material density via detection of the probing particles before and after target traversal. But not all particles completely traverse the target volume. This paper explores the usefulness and information content in the stopped particles, referred to as soft particles. We show, in simulations, that the stopped particles are sensitive to low Z material and therefore provides complementary information to the scattering data.
Multiple Dependency in Blackfoot

This is a brief study of Blackfoot sentences in which a single nominal bears relations to both an upstairs (matrix) and downstairs (embedded) clause. In particular, I wish to focus attention on the linear positions possible for such nominals, for they indicate the need for revision of a "law" of Arc Pair Grammar (APG) (Johnson and Postal, to appear).
New and Noteworthy: Paying It Forward, Giving It Back: The Dynamics of Mentoring

This "New and Noteworthy" column focuses on selected recent literature concerning career mentoring in libraries.
Reproductive Psychiatry Residency Training: A Survey of Psychiatric Residency Program Directors

The reproductive life cycle has unique influences on the phenotypic expression of mental illness in women. Didactic and clinical training focused on these sex-specific influences should be a vital component of the education of future psychiatrists. The authors sought to determine the current state of and attitudes toward reproductive psychiatry in resident education. The authors administered a web-based survey to psychiatry residency training directors. They assessed the availability of both mandated and optional didactic and clinical training experiences in reproductive psychiatry. Fifty residency program directors answered the survey, for a response rate of 28%. More than half of residency program directors (59%) reported requiring some training in reproductive psychiatry. Both the breadth and depth of topics covered varied greatly among programs. Lack of time (48%) and lack of qualified faculty (26%) were the most frequently cited barriers to more training. Only 40% of residency directors surveyed agreed that all residents should be competent in reproductive psychiatry. These findings suggest that specific training in reproductive psychiatry is inconsistent in US residency programs, and that training that does exist varies considerably in clinical time and content. Given that women comprise more than 50% of all psychiatric patients and most women will menstruate, give birth, and undergo menopause, future psychiatrists would benefit from more systematic instruction in this area. The authors propose the development of a national, standardized reproductive psychiatry curriculum to address this gap and aid in producing psychiatrists competent to treat women at all stages of life.
Religious Leaders and Conflict Transformation: Northern Ireland and Beyond

Religious dimension of contemporary conflicts and the rise of faith-based movements worldwide require policymakers to identify the channels through which religious leaders can play a constructive role. While religious fundamentalisms are in the news every day, we do not hear about the potential and actual role of religious actors in creating a peaceful and just society. Countering this trend, Sandal draws attention to how religious actors helped prepare the ground for stabilizing political initiatives, ranging from abolition of apartheid (South Africa), to the signing of the Lome Peace Agreement (Sierra Leone). Taking Northern Ireland as a basis and using declarations and speeches of more than forty years, this book builds a new perspective that recognizes the religious actors' agency, showing how religious actors can have an impact on public opinion and policymaking in today's world.
20.1 A digitally controlled fully integrated voltage regulator with on-die solenoid inductor with planar magnetic core in 14nm tri-gate CMOS

Fully integrated on-die buck voltage regulators (VR) promise efficient and wide-range local power delivery and management capability with fast transient response for fine-grain DVFS domains of high power density in complex SoCs. Integration of high-quality power inductors that can support high current density with minimal losses is a major challenge.
Melanoma survivor treatment severity and correlates of psychosocial and physical health.

e20026 Background: Melanoma survivors’ psychosocial needs and physical symptoms are not well understood, despite nearly 1 million melanoma survivors in the US. In addition, there is a paucity of su...
Democratic Man, Last Man? J. R. R. Tolkien's Alternative

Nietzsche saw modern democracy as a society with nothing left to give life a powerful sense of purpose, while Tocqueville thought that democracy in America had not produced ambition directed towards lofty objects. Tolkien represents these unpromising tendencies of modern democracy and capitalism in his hobbits, but his work asserts wholeheartedly that virtuous heroism is still possible in our time. In an age when morale in public administration is at its nadir, Tolkien's hobbits provide the basis for a new optimism among those who serve.
Military-Civilian Collaboration for National Preparedness During Peace and War

Military surgeons have gained combat experience over the past 15 years of conflict in Iraq and Afghanistan. Historically, these valuable lessons tend to fade from the military knowledge base in between conflicts. Thus, we strive to preserve these lessons within the military surgical culture and also to translate them to benefit civilian trauma care. Strong military-civilian partnerships may help to ensure retention of this combat surgical knowledge so that military surgeons are prepared for future conflicts and enable collaboration and translation of important lessons in support of national preparedness on the home front. The long running conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other areas have resulted in an unprecedented level of cooperation and shared vision between the military and civilian trauma and surgical communities and organizations. Most recently, a report from the National Academy of Sciences has called for a national integration of military and civilian trauma systems, a national trauma research plan, and other actions with the shared goal of “zero preventable deaths.” In this chapter, we will discuss these recent and ongoing military-civilian partnerships that contribute to national preparedness for future battlefield trauma care and enhancement of civilian trauma care and systems.
Rapid phenotypic evolution following shifts in life cycle complexity

Life cycle strategies have evolved extensively throughout the history of metazoans. The expression of disparate life stages within a single ontogeny can present conflicts to trait evolution, and therefore may have played a major role in shaping metazoan forms. However, few studies have examined the consequences of adding or subtracting life stages on patterns of trait evolution. By analysing trait evolution in a clade of closely related salamander lineages we show that shifts in the number of life cycle stages are associated with rapid phenotypic evolution. Specifically, salamanders with an aquatic-only (paedomorphic) life cycle have frequently added vertebrae to their trunk skeleton compared with closely related lineages with a complex aquatic-to-terrestrial (biphasic) life cycle. The rate of vertebral column evolution is also substantially lower in biphasic lineages, which may reflect the functional compromise of a complex cycle. This study demonstrates that the consequences of life cycle evolution can be detected at very fine scales of divergence. Rapid evolutionary responses can result from shifts in selective regimes following changes in life cycle complexity.
Population dynamics of Escherichia coli in the gastrointestinal tracts of Tanzanian children

The stability of the Escherichia coli populations in the human gastrointestinal tract are not fully appreciated, and represent a significant knowledge gap regarding gastrointestinal community structure, as well as resistance to incoming pathogenic bacterial species and antibiotic treatment. The current study examines the genomic content of 240 Escherichia coli isolates from children 2 to 35 months old in Tanzania. The E. coli strains were isolated from three time points spanning a six month time period, with or without antibiotic treatment. The resulting isolates were sequenced, and the genomes compared. The findings in this study highlight the transient nature of E. coli strains in the gastrointestinal tract of children, as during a six-month interval, no one individual contained phylogenomically related isolates at all three time points. While the majority of the isolates at any one time point were phylogenomically similar, most individuals did not contain phylogenomically similar isolates at more than two time points. Examination of global genome content, canonical E. coli virulence factors, multilocus sequence type, serotype, and antimicrobial resistance genes identified diversity even among phylogenomically similar strains. There was no apparent increase in the antimicrobial resistance gene content after antibiotic treatment. The examination of the E. coli from longitudinal samples from multiple children in Tanzania provides insight into the genomic diversity and population variability of resident E. coli within the rapidly changing environment of the gastrointestinal tract.
Exciton Enhanced Raman Scattering of LO Phonons in Trigonal Se

Resonance enhancements in the Raman cross-section of longitudinal optical (LO) phonons in trigonal Se have been measured around its excitonic absorption edge at low temperatures. Our results are explained in terms of resonant scattering of LO phonons via the Frohlich interaction.
Currents, waves and sediment transport around the headland of Pt. Dume, California

Abstract Sediment transport past rocky headlands has received less attention compared to transport along beaches. Here we explore, in a field-based study, possible pathways for sediment movement adjacent to Point Dume, a headland in Santa Monica Bay, California. This prominent shoreline feature is a nearly symmetrical, triangular-shaped promontory interior to the Santa Monica Littoral Cell. We collected current, wave, and turbidity data for 74 days during which several wave events occurred, including one associated with a remote hurricane and another generated by the first winter storm of 2014. We also acquired sediment samples to quantify seabed grain-size distributions. Near-bottom currents towards the headland dominated on both of its sides and wave-driven longshore currents in the surf zone were faster on the exposed side. Bed shear stresses were generated mostly by waves with minor contributions from currents, but both wave-driven and other currents contributed to sediment flux. On the wave-exposed west side of the headland, suspended sediment concentrations correlated with bed stress suggesting local resuspension whereas turbidity levels on the sheltered east side of the headland are more easily explained by advective delivery. Most of the suspended sediment appears to be exported offshore due to flow separation at the apex of the headland but may not move far given that sediment fluxes at moorings offshore of the apex were small. Further, wave-driven sediment flux in the surf zone is unlikely to pass the headland due to the discontinuity in wave forcing that causes longshore transport in different directions on each side of the headland. It is thus unlikely that sand is transported past the headland (specifically in a westerly direction), although some transport of finer fractions may occur offshore in deep water. These findings of minimal sediment flux past Point Dume are consistent with its role as a littoral cell boundary, although more complex multi-stage processes and unusual events may account for some transport at times.
Stable isotope analyses reveal previously unknown trophic mode diversity in the Hymenochaetales

Premise of the study The Hymenochaetales are dominated by lignicolous saprotrophic fungi involved in wood decay. However, the group also includes bryophilous and terricolous taxa, but their modes of nutrition are not clear. Here, we investigate patterns of carbon and nitrogen utilization in numerous non-lignicolous Hymenochaetales and provide a phylogenetic context in which these non-canonical ecological guilds arose. Methods We combined stable isotope analyses of δ13 C and δ15 N and phylogenetic analyses to explore assignment and evolution of nutritional modes. Clustering procedures and statistical tests were performed to assign trophic modes to Hymenochaetales and test for differences between varying ecologies. Genomes of Hymenochaetales were mined for presence of enzymes involved in plant cell wall and lignin degradation and sucrolytic activity. Key results Three different trophic clusters were detected - biotrophic, saprotrophic, and a second biotrophic cluster including many bryophilous Hymenochaetales and mosses. Non-lignicolous Hymenochaetales are generally biotrophic. All lignicolous Hymenochaetales clustered as saprotrophic and most terricolous Hymenochaetales clustered as ectomycorrhizal. Overall, at least 15 species of Hymenochaetales are inferred as biotrophic. Bryophilous species of Rickenella can degrade plant cell walls and lignin, and cleave sucrose to glucose consistent with a parasitic or endophytic life style. Conclusions Most non-lignicolous Hymenochaetales are biotrophic. Stable isotope values of many bryophilous Hymenochaetales cluster as ectomycorrhizal or in a biotrophic cluster indicative of parasitism or an endophytic life style. Overall, trophic mode diversity in the Hymenochaetales is greater than anticipated, and non-lignicolous ecological traits and biotrophic modes of nutrition are evolutionarily derived features.
PLATYPNEA-ORTHODEOXIA SYNDROME AND PERSISTENT HYPOXIA IN AN ELDERLY MALE WITH A PATENT FORAMEN OVALE IN THE SETTING OF NORMAL RIGHT-HEART PRESSURES: A CASE REPORT

Right-to-left shunting across a PFO typically occurs with elevated right atrial pressures. Significant shunting can cause debilitating symptoms of hypoxia, leading to platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome (POS). Here we describe a case of POS with PFO in the setting of normal right heart pressures. An 88
Reversed and Sandwiched Analogs of Duocarmycin SA: Establishment of the Origin of the Sequence-Selective Alkylation of DNA and New Insights into the Source of Catalysis

The synthesis and examination of two unique classes of duocarmycin SA analogs are described which we refer to as reversed and sandwiched analogs. Their examination established both the origin of the DNA alkylation selectivity and that both enantiomers of this class of natural products are subject to the same polynucleotide recognition features. The most beautiful demonstration of this is the complete switch in the enantiomeric alkylation selectivity of the reversed analogs which is only consistent with the noncovalent binding model and incompatible with alkylation site models of the origin of the DNA alkylation selectivity. In addition, dramatic alterations in the rates of DNA alkylation were observed among the agents and correlate with the presence or absence of an extended, rigid N2 amide substituent. This has led to the proposal of a previously unrecognized source of catalysis for the DNA alkylation reaction which was introduced in the preceding paper of this issue (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 4977−4986).
The preparation of the aza-spirobicyclic system of discorhabdin C via an intramolecular phenolate alkylation

Abstract A model study designed for the synthesis of the discorhabdin alkaloids is presented. The key reaction is the intramolecular para-phenolate alkylation of the mesyloxy aminonaphthoquinone 10 to afford the target tetracyclic system 11.
Stimulation of testicular function during the nonbreeding season in the woodchuck (Marmota monax).

Treatment of male woodchucks with a series of s.c. injections of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) induced testicular growth, sperm production and marked increase in serum testosterone levels in the fall, approximately 4 mo before the expected spontaneous onset of testicular activity. These results suggest that it may be possible to induce and/or maintain reproductive competence in this species outside of its normally brief breeding season.
Displaying Data Effectively Using an Automated Process Dashboard

The concept of Big Data is often used to describe any extremely large set of data and the analytical methods used to derive meaning from it. In semiconductor manufacturing, more sensors are added to manufacturing equipment to capture deeper levels of equipment and process data which gives engineers the opportunity to achieve tighter control of their manufacturing processes. The amount of data is increasing at an exponential rate, but the time available to analyze the data is not. This means engineers must become more efficient in finding the most critical data and responding to out-of-control events. This paper expands on a paper presented at the 2019 Compound Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology Conference in Minneapolis. We present automated data filtering techniques and additional Data Visualization tools that effectively communicate results when data is presented in tables and graphs. We show how we implemented these tools as part of a Process Engineering Dashboard.
Predictive inference with random forests: A new perspective on classical analyses:

Despite the number of problems that can occur when core model assumptions are violated, nearly all quantitative political science research relies on inflexible regression models that require a line...
Loss of Methylation Modification Marks the Presence of Psoriasis

The reversibility of epigenetic alterations makes them the attractive targets for therapeutic discovery; however, their potential remains untapped owing to a lack of mechanistic understanding, particularly for inflammatory skin disorders. Here, Li and colleagues begin to fill these gaps by identifying the loss of the DNA hydroxymethylation mark 5-hmC in psoriasis and presenting compelling evidence for its potential contribution to disease manifestations.
The costs of treating and not treating patients with chronic myeloid leukemia with tyrosine kinase inhibitors among Medicare patients in the United States.

Background Patients with high cost-sharing of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) experience delays in treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). To the authors' knowledge, the clinical outcomes among and costs for patients not receiving TKIs are not well defined. Methods Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database, the authors evaluated differences in TKI initiation, health care use, cost, and survival among patients with CML with continuous Medicare Parts A and B and Part D coverage who were diagnosed between 2007 and 2015. Results A total of 941 patients were included. Approximately 29% of all patients did not initiate treatment with TKIs within 6 months (non-TKI users), and had lower rates of BCR-ABL testing and more hospitalizations compared with TKI users. Approximately 21% were not found to have any TKI claims at any time. TKI initiation rates within 6 months of diagnosis increased for all patients over time (61% to 85%), with greater improvements observed in patients receiving subsidies (55% to 90%). Total Medicare costs were greater in patients treated with TKIs, with approximately 50% because of TKI costs. Non-TKI users had more inpatient costs compared with TKI users. Trends in cost remained significant when adjusting for age and comorbidities. The median overall survival was 40 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 34-48 months) compared with 86 months (95% CI, 73 months to not reached), respectively, for non-TKI users versus TKI users, a finding that remained consistent when adjusting for age, comorbidities, and subsidy status (hazard ratio, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.77-2.81). Conclusions Approximately 21% of all patients with CML did not receive TKIs at any time. Cost-sharing subsidies consistently are found to be associated with higher initiation rates. Non-TKI users had higher inpatient costs and poorer survival outcomes. Interventions to lower TKI costs for all patients are desirable.
Institutional arrangements and debt financing

Abstract I find that institutional arrangements have an impact on the real economy by affecting firms’ choice between private and public debt and the subsequent financing costs. Using new debt issued by firms in 26 non-US countries, I find, after controlling for firm characteristics predicted by debt agency and information asymmetry theories, that the level of financial market development, the efficiency of bankruptcy procedure, the integrity and enforceability of laws, and the transparency of financial information have significant impacts not only on firms’ debt choice and yield to maturity in domestic debt market, but also their issuance choice in the international debt market.
Perioperative Analgesia and Pain Management in Pediatric Patients

This chapter reviews the current evidence regarding perioperative pain management strategies in pediatric patients. Adequate pain control is vital to ensuring patient safety and successful postoperative care, but it can be very challenging to attain. As protocols and practices vary across specialties performing surgeries on children, it is essential for providers to proactively acknowledge, assess, and anticipate pediatric pain in order to apply appropriate management strategies that meet the needs of their patients before, during, and after surgery. While strides have been made in the reduction of opioid use and the optimization of perioperative pharmacotherapy, some effective non-pharmacologic efforts have been much more variable in their scope and implementation. Recognizing the impact of perioperative pain on a patient’s physical, emotional, and psychological well-being is crucial for reducing overall morbidity and improving surgical outcomes.
Embedded (4, 5) pairs of explicit 7-stage Runge-Kutta methods with FSAL property

Five 4-dimensional families of embedded (4, 5) pairs of explicit 7-stage Runge-Kutta methods with FSAL property (a_7j = b_j, 1 = 3, and constitute two of these families. Three families consist of non-FSAL pairs of 6-stage methods, as the 7th stage is not used.
Genetic Engineering Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

1. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Engineering and Transplantation: An introduction F. Aerts, G. Wagemaker 2. Establishment and Transduction of primary human Stromal/Mesenchymal Stem Cell Monolayers T. Meyerrose, I. Rosova, m. Dao, P. Herrbrich, G. Bauer, J.A. Nolta 3. Gene Expression Profiles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells D.G. Phinney 4. In Vivo Homing and Regeneration of freshly isolated and culture Murine Mesenchymal Stem Cells R.E. Ploemacher 5. Non-human primate models of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation S.M. Devine, R. Hoffman 6. Engineering of Human Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem-like Cells J.K. Fraser, M. Zhu, B. Strem, M.H. Hedrick 7. Uncommitted Progenitors in Cultures of Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells J.J. Minguell, A. Rices, W.D. Sierralta 8. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation for Children with severe Osteogenesis Imperfecta E.M. Horwitz, P.L. Gordon 9. Clinical Trials of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to support Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation O.N. Koc
Suicide Terrorism, Genesis of

The lethal cocktail leading to suicide terrorism consists of societal support for terrorism, groups organized for terror, and an ideology that permits an individual to suicide in order to kill others, coupled with individual motivations that generally respond to the ideology as a type of psychological first aid – albeit short-lived.
Application of massively parallel machines to molecular dynamics simulation of free clusters

Molecular dynamics is used to examine the melting of a free cluster of up to 1000 sodium and fluoride ions. An algorithm designed originally for the distributed array processor (DAP) is implemented on the Connection Machine (CM), and their performance for this problem is compared with that of the Cray 1. The CM would be twice as fast as the DAP using twice the number of processors as the DAP's 4096 were it not for saturation of the VAX front end. Saturation of the front end is shown to increase the run time by 50% in typical cases. >
Chemical Diversity of Abyssal Volcanic Glass Erupted Along Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean Sea-Floor Spreading Centers

The abundant glassy rinds and chilled contacts of submarine extrusions and intrusions provide the most reliable indicators of primary magmatic compositions of deep-sea igneous rocks. They are homogeneous at the precision of electron microprobe analyses, so that even small sub-samples are reliable indicators of the composition of larger eruptive units. Analyses of such sea-floor glasses by electron microprobe techniques for Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K, Ti, P reveal an extremely diverse compositional spread, ranging form highly differentiated basalt to varieties extremely depleated in large ion lithophile elements. A preliminary look at glasses from active spreading centers suggests that the FETI basalt group (high FeO and TiO2, low MgO) is more common at rapidly spreading ridges (East Pacific rise system) than at slower spreading ridges (mid-Atlantic ridge system). The data presented here appear for the most part inadequate for meaningful assessment of chemical gradients along spreading centers. There is strong evidence, though, that some segments of spreadings centers have erupted similar lava compositions over tens of millions of years. These similar chemical groups are symmetrically distributed on each side of spreading segments as is expected from sea-floor spreading models. There is very little overlap in the compositions of the basaltic chemical groups at the level precision of the electron probe analyses. However, there are a few Atlantic chemical groups that occur both in the North and South Atlantic. Even these intra-ocean matches of chemical groups from one locality to another are, however remarkably few. This survey shows the great predominance of various basalt types at spreading centers, but other rock types, including soda rhyolite from the Galapagos rise, occur rarely.
Levi‐Montalcini, Rita

1909– Italian physician who discovered and isolated a critical chemical substance that promotes growth and development of nerve cells, now known as the nerve growth factor (NGF). Keywords: Hamburger; Meyer; Cohen; immunology; cell biology; nerve cells; nerve growth factor; cancerous cells; tissue repair
Energie-Gleichgewicht, Stoffwechsel und Ernährung

Das endokrine System reguliert und korreliert, gemeinsam mit dem Nervensystem, die Aktivitat der verschiedenen Systeme des Korpers und past sie den wechselnden Erfordernissen der auseren und inneren Umgebung an. Diese Integration wird durch die Sekretion von Hormonen erbracht; diese chemischen Stoffe werden von innersekretorischen Drusen produziert und in den Kreislauf freigesetzt, um Stoffwechselprozesse der verschiedenen Zellen zu regulieren. Metabolismus bzw. Stoffwechsel bedeutet die Gesamtheit chemischer und energetischer Umsetzungen im Organismus.
Study of solids and surfaces with polarization-dependent angle-resolved photoemission

Angle-resolved UV photoemission spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation is used to study the quantum structure of bulk and surface states of GaAs (110). The results are used to illustrate methods of utilizing the measured momentum in obtaining and analyzing angle-resolved data. Strong optical-polarization effects observed in the angle-resolved data are analyzed in terms of mirror plane symmetry properties.
Evaluation of δ13C chemostratigraphy for intrabasinal correlation: Vendian strata of northeast Siberia

Integrated sedimentologic, stratigraphic, and geochemical (δ 13 C, δ 18 O, Fe, Mn, and Sr) data from Vendian-Cambrian carbonate-ramp deposits of the northeast Siberian platform (Olenek uplift and Kharaulakh Mountains region) are used to constrain primary, time-dependent oscillations in the carbon isotope record and to evaluate δ 13 C chemostratigraphy for high-resolution intrabasinal correlation. The Vendian δ 13 C record of northeast Siberia reflects global variations seen elsewhere by displaying (in ascending order) a strong positive isotopic shift to values near +6‰ (herein named the P-interval), an intermediate interval of relatively little isotopic change (I-interval), which shows, in some sections, a monotonic decrease in δ13C from +2‰ at the base to near 0‰ at the top, and a negative excursion to ≈−4‰ (N-interval) just beneath the Vendian-Cambrian boundary. In addition to secular isotopic shifts, these strata exhibit local small-scale signals related to intrabasinal variations in subsidence, erosion, and diagenetic alteration (e.g., degradation of organic matter, dolomitization, and hydrothermal and burial effects). These local, intrabasinal processes, in some cases, have modified both the magnitude and form of the primary isotopic excursions, which are used as the basis for correlation in all studies. Carbon isotope profiles provide an important method to evaluate intrabasinal variations in subsidence, erosion, and stratigraphic completeness. These profiles reflect increasing subsidence along the platform-to-basin transition, whereas progressive truncation of isotopic profiles along this trend illustrate pronounced uplift and erosion of ramp strata along unconformity surfaces.
Stability and accuracy of time‐stepping schemes and dispersion relations for a nonlocal wave equation

A time-dependent nonlocal wave equation is considered. A feature of the model is that instead of boundary conditions, constraints over regions having finite measures are imposed. The Newmark scheme is considered for discretizing the time derivative and piecewise-linear finite element methods are used for spatial discretization. For certain ranges of a parameter appearing in the Newmark scheme, unconditional stability is proved; in particular, this result applies to the backward-Euler-like and Crank-Nicolson-like schemes. For other values of the parameter which includes the forward-Euler-like scheme, conditional stability is proved. Dispersion relations for the nonlocal wave equation in one and two dimensions are derived. Comparisons with the analogous results for the classical wave equation are provided as the results of numerical experiments that illustrate the theoretical results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 31: 500–516, 2015
Phosphorescence transients induced by magnetic resonance fast passage

Abstract A fast-passage optically-detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) method is presented which allows the determination of relative radiative rate constants, steady-state populations, populating rate constants, and the lifetimes of individual triplet spin sublevels in zero field. This method is applied to the principal phosphorescent trap 0,0 = 24098 cm -1 , vac.) in pure benzophenone at ca. 1.30°K.
Robust output tracking control of nonlinear MIMO systems via sliding mode technique

Abstract The robust output tracking control problem of general nonlinear multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems is discussed. The robustness against parameter uncertainties and unknown disturbances is considered. A second order sliding mode control (SMC) technique is used to establish the desired tracking. Input/output (I/O) linearization, relative degree, minimum phase and matching condition concepts are reviewed. Some earlier SMC strategies which are restricted to the systems in canonical form are extended to a much broader class of nonlinear dynamics. It is also shown that for unperturbed dynamics, the sliding phase of the SMC applications have a direct correspondence to the I/O linearization operations. Interesting parametric flexibilities emanate within the formation of the second order SMC, designating the “s dynamics” and the “error dynamics” segments as frequency domain filters. However, a critical impasse is posed in the off-line selections of the design parameters. A set of example cases is presented for a spacecraft attitude control problem. These examples manifest that the proposed control strategy is tunable to a desired response despite the disturbances and uncertainties.
Hydroxyl fluorescence profiles above a flat flame using an optical multichannel analyzer.

Presentation des resultats de mesures de fluorescence induite par faisceau laser, effectuees sur une flamme plate de premelange propane/air
Prostaglandin release mediates drug-induced stimulation of sodium transport in frog skin: the effects of quinacrine

Quinacrine markedly increased the release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) into the basolateral solution of the bullfrog skin from a control value of 32.7 +/- 21.7 pg per 20 min period to a stimulated value of 8593.1 +/- 4112.3 pg per 20 min period. Quinacrine increased the amiloride-sensitive short circuit current from 20.7 +/- 2.1 microA cm-2 to 45.4 +/- 6.5 microA cm-2. The stimulatory effects of quinacrine on both short circuit current and prostaglandin release were blocked in skins pretreated with indomethacin (10(-6) M). Quinacrine did not block either the stimulation of the short circuit current or the increase in PGE2 release caused by the calcium ionophore, ionomycin. These results suggest: (a) the release of PGE2 and the stimulation of the short circuit current caused by quinacrine are linked since blocking PGE2 release inhibits the stimulation of the short circuit current; (b) given the complexity of its actions, quinacrine is a poor tool to examine whether the effects of a given agent are mediated through the activation of endogenous phospholipases. In addition our results taken together with other findings in the literature suggest that there is a diverse group of compounds that stimulate transepithelial sodium transport by releasing PGE2.
Real-space analysis of electronic excitations in free-base (H2P) and magnesium (MgP) porphins

Abstract The absorption spectra of free-base and magnesium porphins are analyzed using collective electronic normal modes representing the changes in charge distributions and bond-order patterns induced by the optical field. High-frequency (4–6 eV) charge-transfer-type excitations are identified.
Three-dimensional corrections for a plane stress problem

Abstract A generalized theory of plane stress is applied to the particular problem of a semi-infinite, isotropically elastic sheet of uniform thickness with a sinusoidally varying normal edge load (parallel to the plane of the sheet). Approximate three-dimensional corrections to the elementary two-dimensional plane stress solution are obtained which are roughly proportional to Poisson’s ratio and which result in a maximum stress which is 10–20% larger for Poisson’s ratio varying from 0.3 to 0.5.
Molecular phenomena during crystal evaporation

Abstract The terrace-ledge-kink model of crystal evaporation is reviewed. A computer simulation technique enables the simultaneous treatment of ledge nucleation and subsequent ledge motions and interactions. Transient and steady-state solutions of the evaporation rate and the surface topography are obtained. Conditions for observing low values of the evaporation coefficient are described.
Residential Housing Abandonment in the United States: The Effects on Those Who Remain

The presence of abandoned housing reduces the quality of life of residents who remain in an area. Respondents in a national survey of the United States who report abandoned housing problems in thei...
THE PATINKIN CONTROVERSY: A REVIEW

SUMMARY The article reviews the first two stages of the Patinkin Controversy; these stages deal with the question of whether the Classical system is logically sound. Two distinct meanings of the term inconsistency are established: inconsistency in the sense that, for a given system of equations, all equations cannot be simultaneously satisfied by at least one set of values of the variables; and inconsistency in the sense that, for a given set of assumptions, a contradiction is present. It is shown that much of the controversy's confusion has arisen from a failure to distinguish between these two meanings. The conclusion reached is that despite the attacks on Patinkin's position, the logical problem which he descovered still remains.
Infant visual recognition memory

Abstract Visual recognition memory is a robust form of memory that is evident from early infancy, shows pronounced developmental change, and is influenced by many of the same factors that affect adult memory; it is surprisingly resistant to decay and interference. Infant visual recognition memory shows (a) modest reliability, (b) good discriminant validity, with performance depressed by numerous peri-natal risk factors, including teratogens and premature birth, (c) good predictive validity, relating to broad cognitive abilities in later childhood, including IQ and language, and (d) significant cross-age continuity, relating to memory in later childhood (through at least 11 years). Infant visual recognition memory is related to, and may be to some extent accounted for by, processing speed, forgetting, and certain aspects of attention (particularly look duration and shift rate). There is growing evidence that infant recognition memory may be an early form of declarative memory that depends on structures in the medial temporal lobe.
Retrocardiac pneumomediastinum in association with tracheal and esophageal perforations

Retrocardiac pneumomediastinum was encountered in two premature infants; one had a tracheal perforation and one an esophageal perforation. Contrast studies showed communication between the sites of perforation and the retrocardiac air. Clinical signs suggestive of such perforation include abnormal course of tubes on plain chest films and bloody aspirates.
Nucleation and Growth of Aerosol From a Continuously Reinforced Vapor

In this paper the dynamic coupling of the vapor and aerosol phases in spatially uniform systems undergoing new particle formation and driven by a constant source of vapor is considered. In such a system, freshly nucleated particles are sites of rapid condensation, causing vapor depletion and the cessation of homogeneous nucleation. Modifications of classical nucleation theory to account for cluster scavenging by the aerosol are evaluated. Extensive numerical experiments show that cluster scavenging by aerosols generally has negligible effect on the resulting aerosol distribution and that, except for the very earliest stages of nucleation, condensation dominates over nucleation as the route of gas-to-particle formation even in initially particle-free systems. The total number and size of the resulting particles are shown to depend strongly on the source rate, vapor pressure, and surface tension.
Analysis of mRNA decay pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract The analysis of mRNA turnover often requires a knowledge of the pathway by which a particular mRNA is being degraded. In this article we describe experimental procedures that can be used to determine the mechanism of degradation for yeast transcripts. These approaches include the insertion of strong secondary structures to block exonuclease cleavage and thereby trap decay intermediates. In addition, mRNA decay pathways can be analyzed by using regulatable promoters to perform transcriptional pulse–chase experiments, thereby allowing the determination of precursor–product relationships during the mRNA decay process. Finally, the mechanism of mRNA degradation can also now be determined by usingtrans-acting mutations specific for distinct mRNA turnover pathways. Most importantly, the combination of these three approaches can often clearly define the mechanism(s) by which a given transcript is degraded.
The vascular orienting response and the law of initial values.

Abstract Vascular responses following exposure to the experimental situation (a type orienting reflex) were evaluated in 6 male subjects. Bilateral skin temperature was recorded from the head and finger regions for the duration of the experimental session. The interaction of Location × Trial ( p ⩽ 0.002) showed reliable differences between the head and finger sites and the left and right forehead sites early in the session followed by differential rates of change during the session across sites. The results support the recent claim for the importance of the law of initial values in finger temperature research and extend the findings to multiple site comparisons in the absence of hemispheric task demands. The vascular orienting reflex to the experimental context may augment initial value differences among recording sites.
Global Depeasantization, 1945–1990

L'A. s'efforce de montrer le caractere general de la disparition des paysans apres la Deuxieme Guerre mondiale. Dans ce but il a etudie les transformations survenues dans les paysanneries du Tiers-Monde. Il s'est attache a considerer ce phenomene comme resultant d'un changement politico-economique survenu au niveau international. Il distingue deux phases qui marquent ce processus. La premiere concerne la periode 1945 a 1973 au cours de laquelle le declin de la population rurale a ete suivi d'une diminution relative de la paysannerie. La seconde qui va de 1973 a 1990 est caracterisee par une acceleration de la disparition de la paysannerie
Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma Secondary to An Aneurysm of the Posterior Communicating Artery

A 57-year-old woman developed pain behind and above her left eye. She had a partial oculomotor nerve paresis manifest by slight blepharoptosis and a dilated pupil. Both anterior chamber angles were narrow but the left was partially occluded. There was no photophobia or corneal edema. Though the moderately increased intraocular pressure was controlled by medication, pain persisted and the oculomotor nerve palsy became complete 12 hours later. Cerebral angiography was done. She had an aneurysm of the left posterior communicating artery. The aneurysm was treated by neurosurgical techniques and the oculomotor paralysis resolved within a few months except for misdirection in regeneration.