cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Causal representations of neutron-star equations of state

Parametrized representations of the equation of state play an important role in efforts to measure the properties of the matter in the cores of neutron stars using astronomical observations. New representations are presented here that are capable of representing any equation of state to any desired level of accuracy, while automatically imposing causality and thermodynamic stability constraints. Numerical tests are presented that measure how accurately and efficiently these new parameterizations represent a collection of causal nuclear-theory model equations of state.
Physicality of Relational Processes: Space and the Interactions Within Them

Architecture, industrial organizational psychology, and sociology scholars have studied the direct and indirect ways in which physical space influences processes such as individual and organization...
Invasive Research Methods

Auditory cortex, in the classic sense of the term, is taken to be the cluster of anatomically and physiologically distinct areas of temporal neocortex that are uniquely and reciprocally connected with one another and with the medial geniculate body and related thalamic nuclear groups. In humans, as many as seven or eight anatomically distinct auditory cortical fields have been identified on the supratemporal plane and posterolateral superior temporal gyrus (STG) (see Clarke and Morosan, Chapter 2).
Solutions to Scalar Conservation Laws Where the Flux is Discontinuous in Space and Time

We consider the following scalar conservation law where k may be discontinuous along a finite number of possibly intersecting smooth curves in the (x, t) plane: The flux, f, is assumed to be convex in v, locally Lipschitz continuous in k and v, and grow at a superlinear rate; i.e., We will use γ(t) to denote a generic curve of discontinuity in k.These types of discontinuous k.functions occur in many different physical phenomena including traffic flow [1], continuous sedimentation [2], and shape from shading [3]. They also occur in decoupled systems of conservation laws of the form since the second equation has form (1) when the solution of the first equation has a finite number of shocks.
The effect of message type on physician compliance with disease reporting requirements.

a SYNOPSIS Objective. Despite the existence of mandatory reporting laws, the under- reporting of disease conditions to public health authorities is widespread. This article describes an evaluation of the effects of using different appeals to promote complete and timely reporting to the New York State Occupational Lung Disease Registry (NYS OLDR). Methods. Three-hundred sixty-eight physicians who had not reported patients were randomly assigned to receive correspondence emphasizing either the legal obligation to report, the public health benefits of reporting, or both. Chi-square tests were used to determine if the proportion of physicians who subsequently reported patients differed by message group. Chi-square tests and the Kruskall Wallis rank sum test were used to test for differences in the completeness and timeliness of reports received from physicians in the three message groups. Results. Physicians receiving correspondence describing the legal obligation to report were more likely to report patients than those receiving only the benefit message, while those receiving correspondence describing the public health benefits of reporting submitted more complete reports than those receiving only the obligation message.
The Impact of Women’s Oral Health on Systemic Health

Oral health is not independent of total health, and systemic health is impacted by oral health. Women’s oral health is greatly affected by their stage of life due to the effects of changing hormone levels on oral tissues during transitions from puberty to menstruation, and in pregnancy, perimenopause, menopause and post menopause. The impact of hormone levels on dental health is significant and long term, with hormone levels altering the relationships between oral disease and the initiation, progression and severity of several chronic diseases. Because of these hormonal fluctuations, women are particularly vulnerable to the impact of tooth loss, alveolar bone loss, periodontal disease, salivary changes, caries, changes in taste sensation and oral discomfort. Each of these oral health problems impact women’s total health. Thus, women need to undertake preventive strategies to maintain dental health throughout their lives in order to lessen the impact of poor dental health on systemic health.
Economic Reform and Social Change in China: Past, Present, and Future of the Economic State

China's socioeconomic crisis before 1978 and its success over the past two decades can be viewed as a zigzag process of politicization and depoliticization of the “economic state.” By summarizing the Chinese experience, this article shows the importance of a specific pattern of general public policy (GPP) in determining the nature of a policy system. China's economic and “serialized” reforms since 1978 are reviewed in order to illuminate the current situation and future direction of the nation. The changes have undermined the economic state by creating a trend of “de-economicization” in the Chinese government. If economic reform and social change are to continue smoothly, another “transfer” of state emphasis to more balanced development is required.
Severe hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a melanoma patient treated with ipilimumab + nivolumab

Treatment of metastatic melanoma patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors is an important standard of care. Side effects are due to immune activation, can affect virtually all organ systems, and are occasionally severe. Although hematologic toxicity has been reported, we present a case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) due to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. A patient with metastatic melanoma was treated with one course of ipilimumab + nivolumab and presented 3 weeks later with severe anemia and hyperferritinemia. A bone marrow biopsy revealed necrotic tumor cells, infiltrating T cells, and hemophagocytosis. The patient was treated with high-dose steroids; 12 months later, the patient remains off all therapy and in complete remission of both HLH and metastatic melanoma. The hemophagocytic syndromes are attributable to dysregulated immune activation and share pathophysiologic mechanisms with immune activation from checkpoint inhibitors. Increasing use of regimens that include immune checkpoint inhibition require vigilant monitoring for immune-activating side effects as they can occasionally be life threatening, as in this case of HLH.
Ultrafine Particulate Matter Source Contributions across the Continental United States

Abstract. The regional concentration of airborne ultrafine particulate matter mass (Dp 0.1 ) was predicted with 4 km resolution in 39 cities across the United States during summer time air pollution episodes. Calculations were performed using a regional chemical transport model with 4 km spatial resolution operating on the National Emissions Inventory created by the US EPA. Measured source profiles for particle size and composition between 0.01–10 µm were used to translate PM total mass to PM 0.1 . PM 0.1 concentrations exceeded 2 µg m -3 during summer pollution episodes in major urban regions across the US including Los Angeles, the San Francisco Bay Area, Houston, Miami, and New York. PM 0.1 spatial gradients were sharper than PM 2.5 spatial gradients due to the dominance of primary aerosol in PM 0.1 . Artificial source tags were used to track contributions to primary PM 0.1 and PM 2.5 from fifteen source categories. As expected, on-road gasoline and diesel vehicles made significant contributions to regional PM 0.1 in all 39 cities even though peak contributions within 0.3 km of the roadway were not resolved by the 4 km grid cells. Food cooking also made significant contributions to PM 0.1 in all cities but biomass combustion was only important in locations impacted by summer wildfires. Aviation was a significant source of PM 0.1 in cities that had airports within their urban footprints. Industrial sources including cement manufacturing, process heating, steel foundries, and paper & pulp processing impacted their immediate vicinity but did not significantly contribute to PM 0.1 concentrations in any of the target 39 cities. Natural gas combustion made significant contributions to PM 0.1 concentrations due to the widespread use of this fuel for electricity generation, industrial applications, residential, and commercial use. The major sources of primary PM 0.1 and PM 2.5 were notably different in many cities. Future epidemiological studies may be able to differentiate PM 0.1 and PM 2.5 health effects by contrasting cities with different ratios of PM 0.1 / PM 2.5 . In the current study, cities with higher PM 0.1 / PM 2.5 ratios include Houston TX, Los Angeles CA, Birmingham AL, Charlotte NC, and Bakersfield CA. Cities with lower PM 0.1 to PM 2.5 ratios include Lake Charles LA, Baton Rouge LA, St. Louis MO, Baltimore MD, and Washington DC.
Chronic Sound-induced Tinnitus and Auditory Attention in Animals

Abstract Attention may be an important factor in tinnitus. Individuals most disturbed by their tinnitus differ from those who are not in terms of attention allocation. This study used an operant-conditioning animal model to examine the interaction between tinnitus and auditory vigilant attention as well as auditory selective attention. Tinnitus was induced in 90-day-old rats by a unilateral exposure to band-limited noise (120 dB, SPL). Tinnitus testing began 90 days following exposure; afterward animals were divided into three groups: Unexposed controls without tinnitus, Exposed without tinnitus, and Exposed with tinnitus. Tinnitus was evident in the vicinity of 20 kHz. Vigilant attention was quantified by the behavioral (operant) response to unpredictable sound transitions signaling changes in food availability. Tinnitus animals were more vigilant, i.e., responded more rapidly, to 20-kHz tone onsets than Unexposed or Exposed animals without tinnitus. There were no significant vigilant attention differences between groups to non-tinnitus like sounds. The same animals were further trained and tested on a selective attention task. A brief free-field sound cue, consisting of either a short train of identical noise pulses (standard stimulus), or a noise train with one substituted tone pulse (oddball stimulus), cued a left or right nose poke for food. On this selective attention task, Tinnitus animals performed consistently worse than Non-tinnitus or Unexposed control animals regardless of stimulus features. As predicted, animals with behavioral evidence of tinnitus showed tinnitus-related attentional changes, including impaired selective attention but increased vigilance to sounds approximating their tinnitus.
A Multi-Objective Multi-Technology (MOMT) Evaluation and Analysis Framework for Ammonia Synthesis Process Development

Abstract Chemical engineers are facing more challenges in process development today to meet the requirements in three aspects: (1) multiple process objectives have to be considered along with the development, such as product quality, profitability, energy efficiency, environmental impact, sustainability, safety, etc., (2) various traditional and novel process technologies should be assessed and compared according to the multiple objectives with consistent criteria and traceable procedure, (3) the short development time requires sound screening and evaluation should be made at early stage of the development. To help designers address the challenges, a systematic approach named Multi-Objective Multi-Technology (MOMT) evaluation framework is proposed to facilitate the evaluation and analysis procedure. The approach streamlines the traditional Techno-Economic Assessment (TEA), while introduces new evaluation factors in the areas of life cycle analysis, green house emission, sustainable goals, logistics, manufacturing, etc. Therefore, the proposed framework would provide comprehensive evaluations especially for the novel sustainable processes with the environmental or social merits, and compare with the traditional ones under the same platform. To show the efficiency of the approach, three process technologies are evaluated including (1) traditional Haber–Bosch ammonia synthesis, (2) large scale water electrolysis for ammonia synthesis, and (3) distributed wind-based water electrolysis for ammonia synthesis. An insight evaluation and analysis have been provided with sound comparison and optimal design under the proposed MOMT framework.
Constrained Stabilization of Multi-Input Linear Systems with Distinct Input Delays

Abstract Quadratic Programming (QP) has been used to combine Control Lyapunov Functions (CLF) with Control Barrier Functions (CBF) for designing controllers that stabilize nonlinear systems with constraints. In this paper, we develop a predictor-based QP design for constrained stabilization of multi-input linear systems with distinct input delays. The difficulty of compensating input delays of different lengths lies in the fact that explicit expressions for the predictor states are not usually available, especially when the nominal controller for the delay-free system is nonlinear - as the case is with the standard QP controller. In this paper, we begin with a CLF and a CBF for the delay-free system and use their predicted values over different time horizons corresponding to the different input delays to form constraints for the QP problem. The controller combining the predicted CLF and CBF achieves the same closed-loop performance as the delay-free system after the longest delay has been compensated and renders the origin of the system locally asymptotically stable. We include numerical simulations to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed prediction-based controller.
Phylogeny, systematics, and evolution of hypsodonty in the Aplodontiinae (Mammalia, Rodentia, Aplodontiidae), with the description of several new species

Whereas aplodontiid rodents are represented today by a single living species, their fossil record is diverse in number of species (>100), in morphology, and in ecology. Recent phylogenetic efforts ...
Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor: A Review With Emphasis on Recent Molecular Advances and Differential Diagnosis

Context.— Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT) is a rare, slow-growing mesenchymal neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis with intermediate malignant potential. Objective.— To highlight the most importan...
Recently Approved and Upcoming Treatments for Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a chronic, disabling neurologic disorder characterised by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and, in up to 60% of patients, cataplexy. Treatments for narcolepsy are aimed at improving wakefulness (e.g. modafinil, armodafinil, stimulants), reducing cataplexy attacks (e.g. sodium oxybate, venlafaxine), and treating the symptoms of disturbed nocturnal sleep, sleep paralysis and sleep-related hallucinations (e.g. sodium oxybate). In general, medications that increase the release, or inhibit the reuptake, of norepinephrine or dopamine have wake-promoting effects and are useful in managing EDS, whereas medications that inhibit serotonin or norepinephrine reuptake have anticataplectic effects. Modulation of γ-aminobutyric acid B (GABAB) receptors or histamine H3 receptors (H3Rs) has effects on both EDS and cataplexy. Pitolisant, an H3R antagonist, and solriamfetol, a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, are the most recently approved treatments for EDS associated with narcolepsy in the European Union (pitolisant) and the USA (pitolisant and solriamfetol). Several new agents are being developed and tested as potential treatments for EDS and cataplexy associated with narcolepsy; these agents include novel oxybate formulations (once-nightly [FT218]; low sodium [JZP-258]), a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (AXS-12), and a product combining modafinil and an astroglial connexin inhibitor (THN102). This review summarises the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety/tolerability of recently approved and emerging treatments for narcolepsy.
Electrochemical Hydrogen Separation from Reformate Using High-Temperature Polybenzimidazole (PBI) Membranes: The Role of Chemistry

Various phosphoric acid (PA)-doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes, para-PBI, m/p-PBI, and meta-PBI, were prepared via the poly(phosphoric acid) (PPA) process. These three membranes showed high l...
Prithvi Mata: Hindu Perspectives on Nature

Indian scriptures describe the unity of each individual with nature by stating I am the Son of Mother Earth (mother earth). I found two major takeaways from my interviews in India. Firstly, I was fascinated to see so much agreement on the concept of species dharma. This concept is, in my opinion, the strongest evidence of embedded Hindu ecological understanding. The concept is very applicable and accessible to average Hindus, making it a framework that, if promoted, can help modern India develop a stronger environmental ethic. Through my own observations I have commonly witnessed what I can only define as spiritual apathy. Walking across a bridge I watched a family dump bags of candy, wrapper and all, into the river. Hundreds of aluminum and plastic bowls from makeshift Ganga puja litter the shore of the river, with untold thousands lying at the bottom. The main cause behind the so-called ‘ignorant practice’ in Hinduism seems to be the failure of the priests. Indeed, there is a need of class of Brahmin who has attained a state of higher consciousness and can teach masses with their ancient wisdom. Literacy on the legacy of ancient wisdom is on the rise in India, allowing the less-educated to access religious texts in a way that they never have been able to. A woman, who was interviewed said, “if we take our own inner change seriously, than this will lead to outer change. If we change our vision and lifestyle, everything will shift. We must perceive nature, culture, and land as divine”.
Bi-level CPAP does not improve gas exchange when compared with conventional CPAP for the treatment of neonates recovering from respiratory distress syndrome

Aim We hypothesised that short-term application of bi-level nasal continuous positive airway pressure CPAP (SiPAP) compared with conventional nasal CPAP (nCPAP) at the same mean airway pressure in infants with persistent oxygen need recovering from respiratory distress syndrome would improve CO 2 removal with no change in oxygen requirement. Design Non-blinded, randomised, observational four-period crossover study. Setting/population Level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU); low-birthweight infants requiring CPAP and oxygen while recovering from respiratory distress syndrome. Methods Infants requiring nasal CPAP for >24 h prior to study enrolment, and fraction of inspired oxygen requirement (FiO 2 ) of 0.25–0.5, were randomised to either nCPAP or SiPAP. A crossover design with four 1 h treatment periods was used such that each infant received both treatments twice. Oxygen saturations (SaO 2 ), transcutaneous CO 2 (tcCO 2 ) and vital signs were monitored continuously. Polysomnographic recordings were analysed for apnoea, bradycardia and oxygen desaturation. Results Twenty low-birthweight infants receiving 0.3±0.04% supplemental oxygen on CPAP of 6 cm H 2 O were studied at an average of 33 days of age (±23 days, SD). There were no differences in tcCO 2 or other physiological parameters except mean blood pressure, which was lower during nCPAP (52.3±8.3 vs 54.4±9.1 mm Hg;±SD; p Conclusions At similar mean airway pressures, SiPAP does not improve CO 2 removal, oxygenation or other studied physiological parameters with the exception of mean blood pressure, which was not clinically significant. Trial registration number NCT01053455.
Abstract D096: Disparities in toxic heavy metal burden and breast cancer risk: Findings from the Metropolitan Chicago Breast Cancer Registry

BACKGROUND: Evidence regarding associations of ambient toxic heavy metals (THMs) and breast cancer (BC) incidence is mixed. Observed inconsistencies may be a consequence of utilizing ambient THM levels collected close to time of BC diagnosis, and not incorporating an appropriate latent period. In addition, most studies have not examined associations of ambient THMs and BC incidence stratified by estrogen receptor (ER) and menopausal status, and have examined relatively homogenous populations of non-Hispanic White (nHW) women. We examined time-to-event associations of ambient THM concentrations and BC subtypes among women enrolled in the racially/ethnically diverse Metropolitan Chicago Breast Cancer Registry (MCBCR) cohort. METHODS: Using the Environmental Protection Agency’s 2005 National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA), we examined census tract-level ambient concentrations for 11 THMs (antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, and selenium). For women enrolled in MCBCR between 2003-2007, residential addresses were geocoded and matched to census-tract estimates of the ambient THM concentrations. Women were followed to time of BC diagnosis or December 31, 2014. Cox proportional hazards (PH) regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), adjusted for age and race. RESULTS: Over a mean follow up time of 10 years, there were 6,579 incident BC cases (with a mean time to diagnosis of 3 years) and 205,095 cancer-free women in the cohort. Over a quarter of our study population was African American (AA), and nearly 10% were Hispanic. Compared to nHW women, AA women were more likely to reside in census tracts with higher quartile ambient concentrations of beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, manganese, and mercury (p Citation Format: Alpana Kaushiva, Jacob Kresovich, Serap Erdal, Garth Rauscher. Disparities in toxic heavy metal burden and breast cancer risk: Findings from the Metropolitan Chicago Breast Cancer Registry [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr D096.
Utilisation of advanced MRI techniques to understand neurovascular complications of PHACE syndrome: a case of arterial stenosis and dissection

PHACE syndrome is a rare disorder with posterior fossa brain malformations, segmental infantile haemangiomas, arterial anomalies, cardiac defects and eye anomalies. Cerebral and cervical arterial abnormalities occur commonly in these patients, predisposing subjects with PHACE syndrome to neurovascular complications including migraine-like headaches, moyamoya vasculopathy, arterial dissection and arterial ischaemia stroke. We leveraged institutional MRI protocols developed for adult neurovascular disease to better elucidate the pathogenesis of the arterial alternations observed in PHACE. Using high-resolution vessel wall and 4D flow MRI, we demonstrated enhancement, focal dissection and altered blood flow in a 7-year-old girl with PHACE syndrome. This is the first-time vessel wall imaging has been used to detail the known arterial changes in PHACE, and these findings may indicate that progressive vascular narrowing and vessel wall changes/inflammation are a factor in chronic headaches and other arterial complications seen in subjects with PHACE syndrome.
Work-In-Progress: Toward Precomputation in Real-Time Mixed-Trust Scheduling

The Real-Time Mixed-Trust (RTMT) Framework [2] enables the use of untrusted components in safety-critical CPS functions (e.g., driving a car) by monitoring their actions with verified and trusted components (called enforcers ) that correct unsafe actions to guarantee critical safety properties (e.g., brake to prevent a crash). The enforcers are run within a verified hypervisor that protects them from security attacks or bugs and the untrusted components are run in an unverified virtual machine (VM) on top of the hypervisor. The untrusted and trusted components are executed as a single coordinated sporadic real-time task, called a mixed-trust task , where the untrusted part is known as the guest task (GT, because it runs in the guest VM) and the trusted part running in the hypervisor (HV) is known as the hypertask (HT). The GT is run by a preemptive fixed-priority scheduler in the VM and the HT by a non-preemptive fixed-priority scheduler in the HV. The non-preemptive scheduler prevents interleavings and simplifies the logical verification [4] , [5] . From a timing point of view, the HT monitors that the GT produces a valid output before the deadline, and if not, the HT itself produces a safe output before the deadline elapses. A new set of schedulability equations to evaluate their schedulability were presented in [2] along with a full discussion of the framework.
Treatment Outcomes for Adolescents Versus Adults Receiving Cognitive Processing Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder During Community Training

Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) is a gold-standard treatment for adults with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, adolescents may also benefit from CPT, particularly when existing evidence-based treatments for adolescents are unavailable or not a good fit. In this program evaluation study, community-based therapists participating in training delivered a modular version of CPT to 32 adolescents (age range: 14-17 years) and 174 adults recruited at their sites (overall sample: 81.1% female, 59.7% White, 31.6% Black, 21.6% Hispanic, 2.9% American Indian/Alaskan Native, 1.9% Asian, and 9.7% other race). The same protocol was used for adolescents as adults. Treatment outcomes, including treatment completion status, number of sessions needed, and PTSD and depression symptom change, were compared between groups. In total, 47.1% of adults versus 71.9% of adolescents completed treatment. Among completers, there was no between-group difference in the number of attended sessions, RR = 1.04, 95% CI [0.88, 1.23], p = .576. Overall, in the full intent-to-treat sample (i.e., completers and noncompleters), large symptom reductions were observed for PTSD, b = -3.27, SE = 0.17, p < .001, d = 1.22; and depression, b = -0.82, SE = 0.07, p < .001, d = 0.84. There were no differences in the rate of change for adolescents versus adults regarding PTSD, b = -0.15, SE = 0.48, p = .759; or depression, b = -0.20, SE = 0.14, p = .181. These findings suggest that CPT is a viable treatment option for adolescents, who benefited from treatment and completed treatment at a high rate.
Impact of Decipher Biopsy testing on clinical outcomes in localized prostate cancer in a prospective statewide collaborative.

Decipher Biopsy is a commercially available gene expression classifier used in risk stratification of newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa). Currently, there are no prospective data evaluating its clinical utility. We seek to assess the clinical utility of Decipher Biopsy in localized PCa patients. A multi-institutional study of 855 men who underwent Decipher Biopsy testing between February 2015 and October 2019. All patients were tracked through the prospective Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative and linked to the Decipher Genomics Resource Information Database (GRID®; NCT02609269). Patient matching was performed by an independent third-party (ArborMetrix Inc.) using two or more unique identifiers. Cumulative incidence curves for time to treatment (TTT) and time to failure (TTF) were constructed using Kaplan–Meier estimates. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the independent association of high-risk Decipher scores with the conversion from AS to radical therapy and treatment failure (biochemical failure or receipt of salvage therapy). Eight hundred fifty-five patients underwent Decipher Biopsy testing during the study period. Of the 855 men, 264 proceeded to AS (31%), and 454 (53%) received radical therapy. In men electing AS, after adjusting for NCCN risk group, age, PSA, prostate volume, body mass index, and percent positive cores, a high-risk Decipher score was independently associated with shorter TTT (HR 2.51, 95% CI 1.52–4.13 p < 0.001). Similarly, in patients that underwent radical therapy, a high-risk Decipher score was independently associated with TTF (HR 2.98, 95% CI 1.22–7.29, p = 0.01) on multivariable analysis. Follow-up time was a limitation. In a prospective statewide registry, high-risk Decipher Biopsy score was strongly and independently associated with conversion from AS to definitive treatment and treatment failure. These real-world data support the clinical utility of Decipher Biopsy. An ongoing phase 3 randomized trial (NCT04396808) will provide level 1 evidence of the clinical impact of Decipher biopsy testing.
The Enduring Legacy of Tapan Sarkar: Colleague, Advocate, and Friend

This year we lost a friend who was larger than life. Although he is gone, his impact and legacy continue to live on. I cannot forget the first time I met (or more accurately, heard) Tapan Sarkar. I was a graduate student at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and my PhD advisor, Prof. Weng Chew, had allowed me and a couple of other students in our group to travel to our first IEEE Antennas and Propagation Symposium, which was held in Syracuse, NY, to present our research. It was 1988. I was wide-eyed and impressed by the intellectual capital present at the meeting, but it was none other than the booming voice of Tapan that pulled me from the hallway into a session where he was presenting a paper. The details of the talk escape me now, but it was related to the solution of integral operator equations and their numerical instability. It must have been a controversial topic because of the lively argument that ensued! Later on, year after year, observing Tapan give talks and engage in detailed discussions, I came to appreciate his passion for fundamental physical and mathematical concepts of electromagnetics, as well as his insistence on realistic solutions that can be realized in practice.
Stroke Prevention in Cervical Artery Dissection.

Cervical artery dissection (CAD) is rare, yet it is a common cause of stroke in young and middle-aged adults. Historically, some senior clinicians favored anticoagulation in the prevention of stroke due to CAD. Choosing the optimal antithrombotic treatment with either antiplatelet (AP) or anticoagulant (AC) medications remains a challenge. This paper will review the clinical features and imaging of CAD, and the acute treatment and prevention of stroke due to CAD. Until 2015, there were no prospective randomized trials in the optimal antithrombotic management of CAD. The Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study (CADISS) trial found that treatment with AC did not lower the risk of subsequent stroke or death at 3 months when compared to AP agents. This led to a paradigm shift in national guidelines. In 2021, The Biomarkers and Antithrombotic Treatment in of Cervical Artery Dissection (TREAT-CAD) trial however did not confirm the non-inferiority of AP therapy in stroke prevention due to CAD. The optimal antithrombotic management for stroke prevention in CAD remains uncertain, while the superiority of anticoagulation has not been established, nor has the non-inferiority of AP agents. The future direction of research should consider early preventative treatment, dual treatment with AP agents, direct oral AC medications, and aggregation of data from existing randomized trials.
What patients with eosinophilic esophagitis may not share with their providers: a qualitative assessment of online health communities.

BACKGROUND Little is known about how patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) experience their symptoms, receive care, and cope with their disease. Patients commonly seek peer support from online communities, which provide insights on unmet needs and barriers to care. We performed a qualitative analysis of electronic health forums to characterize patient-to-patient conversations about EoE symptoms and the experience of disease. METHODS We identified three publicly accessible electronic health forums hosting EoE communities. Conversation threads posted between July 2018 and June 2020 were coded using emergent and a priori codes based on the THRIVE conceptual framework of coping with chronic illness. RESULTS Of 659 threads (4,933 posts) collected over two years, a random sample of 240 threads (30 per 3-month quarter) were selected for analysis. Thematic saturation was reached after 172 threads. Patient experience of EoE was driven by their perspectives in four key domains: (i) perception of EoE as episodic rather than chronic, (ii) treatment choices, (iii) personal definitions of success in the disease, and (iv) views of providers. CONCLUSION Online health communities are a valuable and unfiltered source of patient perspectives that can be used to understand patient needs and goals. EoE patients interpret their disease as sporadic events and lack reliable sources of knowledge, which may influence how patients prioritize treatment. If providers are to succeed in providing high-quality EoE care, they need to equip themselves with evidence-based knowledge, engage in shared decision making, and look outside of clinical settings to recognize barriers to disease management.
Growth and Differentiation of Human Myelomonocytic Leukemia Cell Lines in Serum-Free Medium

In recent years the development of human myelomonocytic cell lines has provided useful models for studying regulation of both cell proliferation and differentiation. This can be very important for studies on the treatment of leukemia because the finding that some of these cell lines can be induced to terminally differentiate by a wide variety of compounds has suggested an alternative approach to the therapy of certain types of leukemias.
Global Private Capital: A Network Perspective

The global market of inter-banking syndicated loans is a vast network of obligations upon which lenders rely for longer-term financing, and, in turn, provide to the real economy to finance projects. This network is explicitly modeled from 1998 to 2013 such that firms are nodes and loan facilities are edges in network terminology. Various measures of network topology are calculated, inclusive of temporal firm centrality, network density, transitivity, modularity, and community structure. Like many complex real-life networks, the global inter-lender network displays small world properties that insulate the network from adverse shocks overall. However, specific firms are shown to be systemically important at varying times; the removal of a systemically important firm fractures the network into dissolute communities, potentially disrupting the flow of capital to the economy. Both borrower and lender network centrality affect contract terms; overall, centrality lowers the cost of capital. Global network properties are also shown to inform micro contract terms.
Role of nitric oxide in the radiation-induced bystander effect

Cells that are not irradiated but are affected by "stress signal factors" released from irradiated cells are called bystander cells. These cells, as well as directly irradiated ones, express DNA damage-related proteins and display excess DNA damage, chromosome aberrations, mutations, and malignant transformation. This phenomenon has been studied widely in the past 20 years, since its first description by Nagasawa and Little in 1992, and is known as the radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE). Several factors have been identified as playing a role in the bystander response. This review will focus on one of them, nitric oxide (NO), and its role in the stimulation and propagation of RIBE. The hydrophobic properties of NO, which permit its diffusion through the cytoplasm and plasma membranes, allow this signaling molecule to easily spread from irradiated cells to bystander cells without the involvement of gap junction intercellular communication. NO produced in irradiated tissues mediates cellular regulation through posttranslational modification of a number of regulatory proteins. The best studied of these modifications are S-nitrosylation (reversible oxidation of cysteine) and tyrosine nitration. These modifications can up- or down-regulate the functions of many proteins modulating different NO-dependent effects. These NO-dependent effects include the stimulation of genomic instability (GI) and the accumulation of DNA errors in bystander cells without direct DNA damage.
Sequence studies of satellite tobacco necrosis virus RNA. Isolation and characterization of a 5'-terminal trinucleotide.

Abstract Several approaches have been used to identify the 5′-terminal trinucleotide sequence of RNA from satellite tobacco necrosis virus. This RNA was shown to contain some degree of 5′-phosphorylation by its enhanced potential to be phosphorylated with polynucleotide kinase upon pretreatment with alkaline phosphatase. Alkaline digestion of STNV ‡ 5′-[ 32 P]RNA prepared by such enzymic phosphorylation yielded stoichiometrically correct quantities of 5′- 32 pAp, thus establishing the 5′-terminal nucleoside as adenosine. Extension of this approach through specific enzymic digestions of STNV 5′-[ 32 P]RNA indicated a 5′-terminal sequence of ApGpPyp---. This sequence was confirmed by direct isolation of (ApGp)U from the 5′-end of STNV[ 14 C]RNA. The isolation, on combination with the other experimental approaches, establishes the 5′-terminus of STNV RNA as ppApGpUp—--.
Salicylic acid-, jasmonic acid- and ethylene-mediated regulation of plant defense signaling

Plants being sedentary are subject to invasion by many more pathogens as compared to other mobile eukaryotes. However, these tenacious organisms have developed a vast array of defense mechanisms to ward off invasions. Since constitutive activation of defenses could compromise normal growth, plants have developed complex mechanisms to exert control over these pathways. Plants respond to pathogen invasion by activating the production of antimicrobial compounds, cellwall reinforcement via the synthesis of lignin and callose and by specifically inducing elaborate defense-signaling pathways. The major players regulating the signaling pathways include the plant hormones salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET) and to a lesser extent, abscisic acid (ABA). Each hormone activates a specific pathway and these act individually, synergistically or antagonistically, depending upon the pathogen involved (see Figure 1 for interactions between the SA, JA and ET pathways). In addition to local resistance, many of these phytohormones also induce defense responses in systemic tissues. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is induced in distal tissues following pathogen infection and, conSALICYLIC ACID-, JASMONIC ACIDAND ETHYLENE-MEDIATED REGULATION OF PLANT DEFENSE SIGNALING
The Web-Surf Task: A translational model of human decision-making

Animal models of decision-making are some of the most highly regarded psychological process models; however, there remains a disconnection between how these models are used for pre-clinical applications and the resulting treatment outcomes. This may be due to untested assumptions that different species recruit the same neural or psychological mechanisms. We propose a novel human foraging paradigm (Web-Surf Task) that we translated from a rat foraging paradigm (Restaurant Row) to evaluate cross-species decision-making similarities. We examined behavioral parallels in human and non-human animals using the respective tasks. We also compared two variants of the human task, one using videos and the other using photos as rewards, by correlating revealed and stated preferences. We demonstrate similarities in choice behaviors and decision reaction times in human and rat subjects. Findings also indicate that videos yielded more reliable and valid results. The joint use of the Web-Surf Task and Restaurant Row is therefore a promising approach for functional translational research, aiming to bridge pre-clinical and clinical lines of research using analogous tasks.
Phylogenetic studies on the synaptic vesicle glutamate transport system

The ATP-dependent uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles isolated form mammalian brains is well characterized. Glutamate uptake requires an electrochemical proton gradient, is specific for glutamate over other amino acids, and is stimulated by chloride. To determine whether these characteristics are fundamental to the vesicular uptake system, vesicles were isolated from the brain and central nervous ganglia of several vertebrate and invertebrate species, which included goldfish, frogs, turtles, pigeons, rats, Drosophila, and crayfish, and these vesicles were assayed for glutamate uptake activity. ATP-dependent glutamate was found in all of the vertebrate species tested, but was not detected in Drosophila or crayfish vesicles. The nature of the vesicular uptake of glutamate was similar among all the vertebrates: the specificity for glutamate remained high, transport was energized by a vacuolar (V)-type ATPase, 2–4 mM chloride stimulated uptake three- to sixfold, and Km for glutamate was between 0.5 and 2 mM. While these major characteristics of the uptake system remained conserved among the vertebrates tested, minor differences were seen in glutamate specificity, the steady-state level of glutamate obtained in the vesicles, and Vmax of the glutamate uptake systems. These results indicate that the synaptic vesicle glutamate uptake system is present throughout the vertebrate class, and that while minor changes in the transport system have occurred, its major functional characteristics, such as stimulation by chloride and strict substrate specificity, have been conserved for over 350–400 million years.
Queering the media mix: The female gaze in Japanese fan comics

Although multimedia “media mix” franchises are commonly understood as being controlled by large corporations, the fans of these media properties make significant contributions to the mix, often expanding on the central themes of the source texts and queering them by rendering their subtexts explicit. This chapter focuses on amateur dōjinshi fan comics belonging to a genre often referred to as “BL” (boys’ love), which is notable for its focus on a romantic and often physical relationship between two male characters. The female gaze implicit in BL creates homoerotic interpretations of the relationships between central male protagonists in a way that creatively subverts the male gaze implicit in many popular mainstream narratives intended for a male audience.
Exploring the genomic mysteries of polyploidy in cotton

For several years allopolyploid cottons have been the subject of evolutionary investigations into the genomic mysteries of polyploidy. An array of genomic interactions have been documented, including interlocus concerted evolution, differential rates of genomic evolution and intergenomic sequence transfer. Substantial alterations in gene expression have occurred in response to allopolyploidization, including gene silencing and expression changes that vary by organ. Some of the molecular phenomena occurring in polyploids appear to be non-Mendelian. Many of the genomic and expression alterations have occurred on an evolutionary timescale, whereas others reflect more immediate consequences of genomic merger.
Precision terrain height measurement sensor

A precision terrain height measurement sensor has been developed providing 1 inch height accuracy for short range applications. This sensor was developed to provide inputs into an automatic control system for multiple uses, both military and commercial. Military applications include mine plow control and active suspension control. Commercial applications include machine positioning systems for agriculture and road construction, and ride control for off-road vehicles. The system was designed using precision terrain height monopulse/interferometric techniques adapted from airborne terrain following/avoidance, air-to-ground ranging and 3-D reconnaissance modes. A demonstration radar was developed and tested. Accuracy down to 0.3 inches has been demonstrated. >
Evaluating incontinence in women

Urinary incontinence in women has a multitude of presentations and can be a pure and simple entity or a complicated combination of overlying disorders. The diagnosis and work-up of the incontinent woman should proceed from the classic tools of medical treatment, as well as the history and physical exam, and should incorporate modern techniques of dynamic imaging. It is vital to remember that it is often not until a simple treatment has failed that we appreciate a patient's complex problem, and, for this reason, we advocate appropriate use of the available technologies in order to separate more carefully the straightforward disorder from the intricate and convoluted problems. A thorough investigation of the multiple dimensions of urinary incontinence in the female patient, using subjective and objective testing, is the key to diagnostic and clinical success.
Unraveling The Knot Political Economy and Cultural Hegemony in Wedding Media

This article examines the hegemonic messages about weddings, gender roles, and consumption in modern society disseminated by The Knot, a bridal media company that claims to be the “#1 wedding website,” with brand extensions into magazines, books, and in partnership with the cable outlet Oxygen, the reality television program Real Weddings from The Knot. Analyses of The Knot's media alliances and its reality television program illustrate that as an example of political economy of the media, The Knot and its media synergy create for its female audience the image of the perfect wedding, which maintains a status quo reinforcing femininity and consumerism.
SU-E-J-29: A Dosimetric Assessment of Rectum and Bladder Using Deformable Registration in Image-Guided Adaptive Prostate IMRT

Purpose: To determine the impact of the deformation of rectum and bladder on the assessment of dose‐volume constraints for these organs at risk (OARs) in adaptive prostate IMRT. Methods: Five prostate cancer patients treated with both prostate and seminal vesicle as the initial PTV and with prostate only as the boost PTV were selected for this study. All patients received two CT simulations with the first CT scanned for the initial treatment volume followed by a second CT simulation after 45 Gy. All patients were treated to a total dose of 79.2 Gy in 1.8 Gy fractions delivered with seven‐coplanner IMRT beams. MIM‐Adaptive deformation workflow (MIMVista, Cleveland, OH) was used to perform deformation image registration of the two CTimage sets. For evaluation of the accumulative dose delivered to the OARs in presence of organ deformation, MIM‐Dose deformation tool was used to register the deformed dose matrices of two CT sets. The dose‐volume constraints, D25%, calculated for rectum and bladder with and without consideration of organ deformation were compared. Results: Differences in rectal D25% of up to 9.8% (from −9.8% to +2.8%) and in bladder D25% of up to 19.5% (from −19.5% to +9.0%) were observed. The deformation of OARs during IMRT caused the values of D25% for rectum to change from −646 cGy to +173 cGy and for bladder from −831 to +541 cGy from patient to patient. Conclusions: Discrepancies in OAR dose‐volume constraints can be calculated using modern deformable registration tools with and without consideration of organ volume change and deformation and should be carefully considered in the evaluation of OAR complication risks in adaptive prostate IMRT. MIMVista work station which was used to conduct this research was provided by MIM software Inc.
Promoting Empathy in Couple Therapy Using the One-Way Mirror

(2007). Promoting Empathy in Couple Therapy Using the One-Way Mirror. Journal of Family Psychotherapy: Vol. 17, No. 3-4, pp. 175-180.