cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coronal mass-ejection events

Abstract Nearly fifteen years have passed since the discovery of coronal mass ejection events from the solar atmosphere. Progress in the interpretation of the observational results has led to a body of knowledge concerning the geometrical and evolutionary properties, physical characteristics, and the association of this type of event with other forms of solar activity. Recent interpretive results taken from the large body of observational data now available are discussed below in some detail. A classification system based on kinetic properties of these events is presented.
Expanding Beyond our Library Walls: Building an Active Online Community through Facebook

This article demonstrates how Facebook, a popular social networking Web site, provides libraries with the opportunity to develop an outreach presence and information portal within an online community. While much of the recent literature examines Facebook and defines its potential use within libraries, this article focuses on the use of Facebook's newest feature: customizable Facebook Pages. In December 2007, librarians at the State University of New York at Buffalo began exploring the use of Facebook Pages to virtually reach out to patrons and market library services. Based on user response and Page statistics, librarians found the use of Facebook Pages provided a welcome extension of services and a unique form of outreach that reached beyond the campus community. Through a University at Buffalo Libraries Page on Facebook, librarians can update and inform students, faculty, and staff of new events, workshops, library services, and resources. Librarians at the University at Buffalo maintain an active onlin...
Similarities and Differences in the Transition Expectations of Youth and Parents.

This study explored similarities and differences in the transition expectations of parents and youth. Independent samples of parents (N = 270) of transition-age youth with disabilities and students with disabilities (N = 242) were surveyed about the importance of achieving various adult goals, having specific types of transition-related training and skills, and potential barriers to transition. Factor analysis of the data yielded six scales, and significant differences were found between youth and parents on four of these scales indicating that parents tend to value teacher support more, whereas youth reported higher levels of self-esteem, greater barriers to transition, and more interest in assuming caretaking roles in their future. Parents and students were in agreement, however, around the goals they felt were most important for transition: finishing high school, having health insurance, and having access to a good doctor.
Beta-Blockers for Stable Heart Failure

According to current recommendations, β-adrenergic–receptor blocking agents should be prescribed for all patients who have symptomatic heart failure and are in stable condition, unless these agents...
Concurrent Validity of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition and the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children

For 67 children (6–12 years) IQs on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III and on the scores of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children correlated between .27 and .68.
The a priori defended: a defense of the generality argument

One of Laurence BonJour’s main arguments for the existence of the a priori is an argument that a priori justification is indispensable for making inferences from experience to conclusions that go beyond experience. This argument has recently come under heavy fire from Albert Casullo, who has dubbed BonJour’s argument, “The Generality Argument.” In this paper I (i) defend the Generality Argument against Casullo’s criticisms, and (ii) develop a new, more plausible, version of the Generality Argument in response to some other objections of my own. Two of these objections stem out of BonJour’s failing to fully consider the importance of the distinction between being justified in believing that an inference is good and being justified in making an inference. The final version of the argument that I develop sees the Generality Argument as one part of a cumulative case argument for the existence of a priori justification, rather than as a stand-alone knock-down argument.
The origin and composition of multiple forms of dextransucrase from Streptococcus sanguis.

Abstract Multiple forms of purified dextransucrase have been observed in the presence of low detergent concentrations (Luzio, G.A.; Grahame D.A.; Mayer R.M. (1982) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 216, 751–757). We now show these forms to arise partly as a result of prteolysis, and partly due to incomplete dissociation of the enzyme. Upon 25°C incubation of the crude enzyme, several new bands appeared with little or no change in total activity. The electrophoretic pattern of aged, crude enzyme was similar to that of partially purified enzyme. Specific detection of dextransucrase on SDS gels revealed a single polypeptide of 174 kDa, which is converted to a 156 kDa protein during the aging process. The observation indicates the occurrence of proteolysis. The polypeptide composition of several of the enzyme forms was determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Forms Ia and IIa are composed exclusively of 174 kDa polypeptides. Forms III and IVa consist of 156 kDa units, as does the newly observed forms Ic. It is likely that form Ib contains both 174 and 156 kDa polypeptides. The results indicate that incomplete dissociation of aggregates of the 174 kDa unit accounts for all of the bands observed on native gels run on fresh culture extracts. Additional enzyme forms result from aggregation of the 156 kDa proteolysis product alone, and from aggregation with unproteolyzed units to form hybrid aggregates.
Running Quake II on a grid

As a genre of computer games, the massively multiplayer online game (MMOG) has the promise of enabling up to tens-or even hundreds-of thousands of simultaneous players. This paper describes how we began with an existing single-server online game engine and enhanced it to become a multiserver MMOG engine running on a grid. Other approaches require that a game be specifically designed to scale to MMOG player levels. Our approach, using IBM OptimalGrid middleware (which provides an abstracted underlying grid infrastructure to an application) allowed us to reuse an existing game engine without the need to make any significant changes to it. In this paper we examine the design elements needed by an MMOG and provide a practical implementation example-the extension of the id Software Quake II® game engine using OptimalGrid middleware. A key feature of this work is the ability to programmatically partition a game world onto a dynamically chosen and sized set of servers, each serving one or more regions of the map, followed by the reintegration of the distributed game world into a seamless presentation for game clients. We explore novel features developed in this work and present results of our initial performance validation experiments with the resulting system.
Determination of the fragmentation mechanisms of organophosphorus ions by H2O and D2O atmospheric-pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Dimethylmethyl phosphonate (DMMP), dimethyl phosphite (DMPI), trimethyl phosphite (TMPI) and trimethyl phosphate (TMP) were investigated using H 2 O and D 2 O atmospheric-pressure ionization (API) tandem mass spectrometry. All daughter ions could be explained by losses of one or a successive number of stable molecules as opposed to losses of radicals such as the hybride, methyl and methoxy species. Losses of neutral methanol and dimethyl ether and of protonated methanol and formaldehyde ions from all four organophosphorus pseudomolecular ions were observed. The DMMP and DMPI MH + pseudomolecular ions produced the losses of neutral C 2 H 6 and water, respectively. Formaldehyde loss was not observed for the MH + ions, but it wass well represented in the decomposition pathways of daughter ions. The D 2 O reagent gas highlighted the role of the ionizing proton/deuteron in the various daughter ions, including m/z 95, 79, 65, 49, 33, 31 and 47. The last ion was found to be isobaric in that m/z 47 and 48 both appeared with similar abundances in the D 2 O-API daughter ion mass spectra of TMPI and TMP
Tissue-Specific Variation in the Cytokinin Habituation of Cultured Tobacco Cells

Cells of tobacco pith parenchyma sometimes lose their requirement for an exogenous supply of a cell division factor usually supplied as the synthetic cytokinin, kinetin. This change in phenotype, known as cytokinin habituation, is inherited by individual cells and appears to result from epigenetic changes rather than from rare, random, genetic mutations. We have found that tissues from different regions of the tobacco plant exhibit different states of habituation in culture. Pith tissues, as reported earlier, are usually cytokinin requiring and rapidly shift to the habituated state in culture. Leaf tissues are very slightly habituated and require kinetin for optimal rates of growth. Tissues from the stem-cortex are initially habituated. Both the leaf and cortex phenotypes are inherited by individual cells and persist for many cell generations in culture. These results show that certain tissue-specific phenotypes persist in culture and provide evidence that a process akin to habituation leading to different stable states of cytokinin requirement occurs in normal development.
Parameter estimation for the stochastically perturbed Navier-Stokes equations

Abstract We consider a parameter estimation problem of determining the viscosity ν of a stochastically perturbed 2D Navier–Stokes system. We derive several different classes of estimators based on the first N Fourier modes of a single sample path observed on a finite time interval. We study the consistency and asymptotic normality of these estimators. Our analysis treats strong, pathwise solutions for both the periodic and bounded domain cases in the presence of an additive white (in time) noise.
Is Virtual Reality a Useful Tool in the Teaching of Physiology

This opinion statement points out some of the considerations and pitfalls in using virtual reality computer programs in the teaching of life sciences. Emphasis is placed on the possibility of such programs leading to reductionist thinking including how reductionist thinking could foster the formation of misconceptions. Negative feedback is used as the classic example of reductionist thinking in physiological regulation, including how classic negative feedback is inconsistent with evidence of complexity in living systems. This statement concludes that virtual reality can be a useful tool in the teaching of physiology so long as the complexity of living systems is taken into account.
Anastrozole-Associated Joint Pain and Other Symptoms in Patients With Breast Cancer

More than a third of breast cancer patients undergoing aromatase inhibitor (AI) treatment report joint pain. We conducted a longitudinal study to characterize the course of AI-induced joint pain and other symptoms and to identify potential predictors for developing these symptoms. Patients were recruited before AI initiation. The Brief Pain Inventory, M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory, and a joint-pain questionnaire were administered at baseline and then biweekly for 1 year. Analysis included logistic regression, Cox models, and mixed-effects models. Of 47 patients assessed, 16 (34%) reported joint pain at least once. Median time to first report of joint pain was 7 weeks (range 1–38). Baseline pain was the only predictor for both incidence of joint pain and time to first event. In the first 6 weeks, emergence of joint pain was associated with increase in general pain, fatigue, disturbed sleep, hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and decreased sexual activity. After week 6, having joint pain was associated with increase in general pain and with persistently high fatigue. Having AI-associated joint pain correlated with increase in or persistence of other symptoms likely related to AI therapy. Further research is needed to validate predictors of AI-associated symptoms.
Fragrance material review on (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl isobutyrate.

Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl isobutyrate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. (4-Methoxyphenyl)methyl isobutyrate is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohol Simple Acid Esters (AAASAE). The AAASAE fragrance ingredients are prepared by reacting an aryl alkyl alcohol with a simple carboxylic acid (a chain of 1–4 carbons) to generate formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate and carbonate esters. This review contains a detailed summary of all available toxicology and dermatology papers that are related to (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl isobutyrate and is not intended as a stand-alone document. Available data were evaluated, then summarized, and includes physical properties data. A safety assessment of the entire AAASAE will be published simultaneously with this document. Please refer to Belsito et al. (2012) for an overall assessment of the safe use of this material and all AAASAE in fragrances. Belsito, D., Bickers, D., Bruze, M., Calow, P., Dagli, M., Fryer, A.D., Greim, H., Hanifin, J.H., Miyachi, Y., Saurat, J.H., Sipes, I.G., 2012. A toxicologic and dermatologic assessment of aryl alkyl alcohol simple acid esters when used as fragrance ingredients.
Micronekton and macrozooplankton in the open waters near Antarctic ice edge zones (AMERIEZ 1983 and 1986)

Micronekton and macrozooplankton assemblages (0–1000 m) were sampled from the open ocean in the vicinity of marginal ice zones in the southern Scotia and western Weddell Seas using midwater trawls. Small regional differences in species composition were found in the differing hydrographic settings with the Scotia Sea being slightly more diverse. Most species exhibited broad vertical ranges with no distinct pattern of vertical movement. Exceptions were mesopelagic fish and Salpa thompsoni which undertook diel vertical migrations. Biomass was high (2.4–3.1 g DW/m2), comparable to Pacific subarctic waters. Euphausia superba and Salpa tompsoni were the numerical and biomass dominants, representing over 50% of the total numbers and standing stocks. In terms of biomass, euphausiids were the most important group at shallow depths (0–200 m) but were surpassed by salps in the Scotia Sea and mesopelagic fish in the Weddell Sea when all depths down to 1000 m were considered. Pelagic fish biomass (3.3–4.4 g WW/m2) greatly exceeded published estimates for birds (0.025–0.070 g WW/m2), seals (0.068–0.089 g WW/m2) and whales (0.167 to 0.399 g WW/m2), making mesopelagic fish the most prevalent krill predators in the Antarctic oceanic system.
Cardiovascular and other diseases in smokers of low yield cigarettes

The association of smoking low yield cigarettes with the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other disease associated previously with smoking is controversial. In 1979 we began a prospective epidemiologic study of this subject. We here report on the first 4 years of follow-up in the 16,270 current, regular cigarette smokers and the 42,113 subjects who never used any form of tobacco enrolled in the study. In multivariate analyses that included age, sex, race, number of cigarettes smoked per day and other factors related to cardiovascular disease, the risk of cardiovascular diseases was consistently higher in smokers of higher than in smokers of lower yield cigarettes, although the magnitude of the difference in risk was very small. The risks of cancer of the trachea, bronchus and lung, of all smoking-related cancers as a group, of diseases of the respiratory system, and of peptic ulcer diseases were not significantly associated with yield in smokers. The incidence rates of cardiovascular diseases considered as a group, cancer of the trachea, bronchus, and lung and all smoking-related cancers were higher in smokers of low yield cigarettes than in never users of any form of tobacco. We conclude that the smoking of low yield cigarettes is not without associated hazard. On the other hand, the results suggest that smokers who cannot quit might best use the least number of the lowest yield cigarette.
Methods to identify the NMR resonances of the ¹³C-dimethyl N-terminal amine on reductively methylated proteins.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a proven technique for protein structure and dynamic studies. To study proteins with NMR, stable magnetic isotopes are typically incorporated metabolically to improve the sensitivity and allow for sequential resonance assignment. Reductive 13C-methylation is an alternative labeling method for proteins that are not amenable to bacterial host over-expression, the most common method of isotope incorporation. Reductive 13C-methylation is a chemical reaction performed under mild conditions that modifies a protein's primary amino groups (lysine e-amino groups and the N-terminal α-amino group) to 13C-dimethylamino groups. The structure and function of most proteins are not altered by the modification, making it a viable alternative to metabolic labeling. Because reductive 13C-methylation adds sparse, isotopic labels, traditional methods of assigning the NMR signals are not applicable. An alternative assignment method using mass spectrometry (MS) to aid in the assignment of protein 13C-dimethylamine NMR signals has been developed. The method relies on partial and different amounts of 13C-labeling at each primary amino group. One limitation of the method arises when the protein's N-terminal residue is a lysine because the α- and e-dimethylamino groups of Lys1 cannot be individually measured with MS. To circumvent this limitation, two methods are described to identify the NMR resonance of the 13C-dimethylamines associated with both the N-terminal α-amine and the side chain e-amine. The NMR signals of the N-terminal α-dimethylamine and the side chain e-dimethylamine of hen egg white lysozyme, Lys1, are identified in 1H-13C heteronuclear single-quantum coherence spectra.
Madelung's deformity: quantitative radiographic comparison with normal wrists.

Four measurements, ulnar tilt, lunate subsidence, lunate fossa angle and palmar carpal displacement, on wrist radiographs of 26 patients with Madelung’s deformity and 48 normal subjects were compared. The range of measurements on wrists with Madelung’s deformity was wider than on normal wrists, with severe deformities having very abnormal values. Some Madelung’s patients had values that were within the normal range for each of the four measurements. Measurement of the lunate fossa angle demonstrated the least overlap between normal wrists and wrists of patients with Madelung’s deformity with only two in the normal range. A lunate fossa angle over 29° may help identify early Madelung’s deformity.
Generalized Cauchy difference equations. II

The main result is an improvement of previous results on the equation f(x) + f(y) - f(x +y)= g[O(x) + O(Y) - O(x) + y)] for a given function O. We find its general solution assuming only continuous differentiability and local nonlinearity of O. We also provide new results about the more general equation f(x) + flu) - fix + v ) = glHjx, yjj for a given function H. Previous uniqueness results required strong regularity assumptions on a particular solution f o ; g o . Here we weaken the assumptions on f o , go considerably and find all solutions under slightly stronger regularity assumptions on H.
The role of personality in Web-based distance education courses

Before investing in a Web-based education program, managers should consider how effective it will be when paired with employee personality traits.
Geographical proximity and health care utilization in veterans with SCI&D in the USA

Abstract In the USA, substantial geographic variation in health care utilization exists in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system. Utilization of health care services is especially important for veterans with spinal cord injuries and disorders (SCI&D) who are often at high risk for secondary complications related to their SCI&D. Due to impaired mobility, access to health care for veterans with SCI&D may be even more challenging. The goal of this cross-sectional study was to describe health care utilization relative to SCI&D veteran residential geographic proximity to VA health care facilities. A negative binomial regression model was used to examine VA outpatient utilization. Veterans with SCI&D utilized outpatient services less frequently when VA facilities were farther away from their residences ( p 0.000 ). Female ( p 0.000 ), older ( p 0.000 ), and non-white veterans ( p 0.000 ), and veterans with history of respiratory ( p 0.000 ), kidney/urinary tract ( p 0.005 ), circulatory ( p 0.000 ), or digestive system diseases ( p 0.003 ) were more likely to utilize outpatient care during the study period. A Poisson model was used to examine inpatient utilization. Inpatient utilization decreased when travel distance to VA facility increased ( p 0.000 ). Contrary to outpatient, age did not significantly affect veterans’ likelihood of using inpatient health care. Marital status, gender, race, and level of injury were not related to inpatient utilization. However, history of prior illnesses including respiratory ( p 0.000 ), kidney/urinary tract ( p 0.000 ), circulatory ( p 0.005 ), digestive system ( p 0.015 ), or skin/subcutaneous tissue/breast-related illnesses ( p 0.000 ) were associated with a greater likelihood of inpatient utilization. Geographic proximity and other factors on health care use must be considered in order to meet the health care demand patterns of veterans with SCI&D.
Stability of Autokinetic Movement

Summary.-Experimental investigation into the relationship between the autokinetic illusion and personality factors requires greater knowledge of the generality of the various findings on individual differences. The stability of autokinetic movement was investigated by varying several conditions: instructional set (accuracy vs illusion), Light source (stationary vs moving), sex of E, number and length of trials, re-test time interval. Results for female college Ss lend support to the hypothesis that one dimension of apparent movement, length of line, is a stable individual characteristic.
Depression and Obesity: Do Shared Genes Explain the Relationship?

Background: Studies have found a modest association between depression and obesity, especially in women. Given the substantial genetic contribution to both depression and obesity, we sought to determine whether shared genetic influences are responsible for the association between these two conditions. Methods: Data were obtained from 712 monozygotic and 281 dizygotic female twin pairs who are members of the community-based University of Washington Twin Registry. The presence of depression was determined by self-report of doctor-diagnosed depression. Obesity was defined as body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2, based on self-reported height and weight. Generalized estimating regression models were used to assess the age-adjusted association between depression and obesity. Univariate and bivariate structural equation models estimated the components of variance attributable to genetic and environmental influences. Results: We found a modest phenotypic association between depression and obesity (odds ratio=1.6, 95% confidence interval=1.2–2.1). Additive genetic effects contributed substantially to depression (57%) and obesity (81%). The best-fitting bivariate model indicated that 12% of the genetic component of depression is shared with obesity. Conclusions: The association between depression and obesity in women may be in part due to shared genetic risk for both conditions. Future studies should examine the genetic, environmental, social, and cultural mechanisms underlying the relationship between this association. Depression and Anxiety, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An approach for continuous-flow processing of reactions that involve the in situ formation of organic products

A simple adaptation allows batch protocols developed using microwave heating that involve formation of solid organic products to be scaled up using conventionally-heated flow chemistry with minimal or no re-optimization or modification. The product stream is intercepted with a flow of a suitable organic solvent upon exiting the heated zone, this solubilizing the product and allowing it to pass through the back-pressure regulator without aggregation of particulate material.
Automatic Target Tracking in FLIR Image Sequences

Moving target tracking is a challenging task and is increasingly becoming important for various applications. In this paper, we have presented target detection and tracking algorithm based on target intensity feature relative to surrounding background, and shape information of target. Proposed automatic target tracking algorithm includes two techniques: intensity variation function (IVF) and template modeling (TM). The intensity variation function is formulated by using target intensity feature while template modeling is based on target shape information. The IVF technique produces the maximum peak value whereas the reference target intensity variation is similar to the candidate target intensity variation. When IVF technique fails, due to background clutter, non-target object or other artifacts, the second technique, template modeling, is triggered by control module. By evaluating the outputs from the IVF and TM techniques, the tracker determines the real coordinates of the target. Performance of the proposed ATT is tested using real life forward-looking infrared (FLIR) image sequences taken from an airborne, moving platform.
Raman studies of thin-layer chromatography

The Hadamard transform technique has been extended to include imaging with a two- dimensional stationary Hadamard encoding mask. Images have been obtained by measuring laser induced fluorescence, Raman scattering, and surface enhanced Raman scattering. Spots on thin-layer chromatography plates have been imaged using laser induced fluorescence and surface enhanced Raman scattering.
Two-dimensional signal representation using prolate spheroidal functions

Two similar 2-dimensional signal representations are defined for use in signal analysis problems. The proposed procedure divides the time-frequency plane into rectangles of arbitrary length and width and assigns a certain portion of the represented signal to each such rectangle. Representations are based upon time-limited and band-limited forms of the angular prolate spheroidal functions for conceptual and mathematical reasons. Applications and numerical examples are provided.
Controlled topology invariants of translation actions

Abstract We develop invariants Ω n of a translation action of a group on R m analogous to the Bieri–Neumann–Strebel–Renz invariants Σ n . The invariants Σ n were defined to be the set of “directions” e ∈ ∂ ∞ R m such that a suitable universal G-space is ( n − 1 ) -connected over the half-spaces defined by e. We replace half-spaces by topologically more natural neighborhoods of e to obtain the new invariants Ω n . The invariants Σ n and Ω n are related as follows: e ∈ Ω n if and only if every e ′ in an open π 2 -neighborhood of e lies in Σ n .
Comparison of daily and retrospective reports of vaginal sex in heterosexual men and women

This study examined the agreement between daily and retrospective reports of vaginal sex over a two-month period in a sample of 376 heterosexually active men and women. We also examined whether gender, age, or method of daily data collection (self-administered vs. interviewer administered) were related to agreement between daily and retrospective reports. Both counts and categorical measures of frequency of the behaviors were examined. There were no gender, age, or data collection method effects. When measured as a count, participants reported more instances of vaginal intercourse in the retrospective reports than on the daily reports. In contrast, comparison of retrospective categorical measures of frequency to daily reports showed considerable variability. Possible reasons for the over-reporting of counts of vaginal sex in retrospective reports are explored.
LARGE MAGNETOTUNNELING EFFECT AT LOW MAGNETIC FIELDS IN MICROMETER-SCALE EPITAXIAL LA0.67SR0.33MNO3 TUNNEL JUNCTIONS

We have used a self-aligned lithographic process to fabricate magnetic tunnel junctions of ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.67}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.33}$Mn${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ down to a few micrometers in size. We have obtained a magnetoresistance ratio as large as 83% at low magnetic fields of a few tens of Oe, which correspond to the coercivities of the magnetic layers. Transmission-electron-microscopy analysis has revealed the heteroepitaxial growth of the trilayer junction structure, ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.67}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.33}$Mn${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$/SrTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$/${\mathrm{La}}_{0.67}$ ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.33}$Mn${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. We have observed current-voltage characteristics typical of electron tunneling across an insulating barrier. The large magnetoresistance is likely due to the nearly half-metallic electronic structure of the manganites.
CONVECTION IN COLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS OF SOLID PARTICLES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE AND THE PARTICULATE MEDIUM MODELS

The convection process in colloidal suspensions of solid particles is usually investigated by adopting either a homogeneous binary mixture (HM) or a particulate medium (PM) model. The present study aims only at comparing the instability threshold conditions for the onset of convection in the particle-dominated regime obtained through these two models. We consider a colloidal suspension of solid particles in a Rayleigh-Benard set up. A PM model is adopted which accounts for the effects of thermophoresis, sedimentation, and Brownian diffusion. We assume that the suspension layer is subjected to a vertical temperature gradient that is not thermally destabilizing as in the case of negligibly small coefficient of thermal expansion. Thus, we consider the idealized situation wherein the thermally induced buoyancy is absent and the focus is solely on the particle-dominated convection regime. We show that the coupled effects of thermo-migration, sedimentation, and Brownian diffusion give rise to a weak convection ...
Point-Injected Phosphorus Effects on Established Cool-Season Grass Yield and Phosphorus Content

Phosphorus applied to established grass has been shown to increase forage yield. However, broadcast P applications could result in more P runoff to surface waters compared with subsurface P application. A field study was conducted to evaluate if subsurface point-injected P is more effective than surface-applied P at increasing forage yield and tissue P concentration for established grass. Nine site-years with very low P soil tests and long-term (>10 yr) established cool-season grass stands were utilized. Fertilizer treatments were no fertilizer P and 29 kg P ha -1 [66 kg ha -1 phosphoric oxide (P 2 O 5 )] applied on the surface or point-injected beneath the surface. Fertilizer P significantly increased dry matter yields at four site-years. Placement of P did not influence forage yields at the P responsive sites, except for one site-year. Forage P concentration was increased by added P at seven of nine site-years. Forage P concentrations from point-injected P treatments were lower compared with broadcast P at five of the seven P responsive site-years. Results of this study suggest that point-injected P offers no advantage over surface-applied P for increasing forage yield or P concentration of established cool-season grass stands.
Cytopenia, Dysplasia, and Monocytosis: A Precursor To Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia or a Distinct Subgroup? Case Reports and Review of Literature

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) consists of disorders with overlapping dysplastic and proliferative features. The diagnosis of CMML requires absolute monocytosis (> 1000/μL) in addition to other criteria outlined by the World Health Organization (WHO) classification.(1) Monocytosis not reaching 1000/μL has been observed in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and presents a diagnostic challenge in classification especially if increases in leukocyte count occurring during disease shifts the monocyte count into the absolute range. We discuss the laboratory and clinical features of 3 patients with myelodysplasia and associated monocytosis. Absolute neutropenia was the dominant feature at presentation, with mild anemia, thrombocytopenia, monocytosis (as a percentage), multilineage dysplasia, and increased myeloblasts, consistent with a diagnosis of refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB). Absolute monocytosis fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for CMML developed over 6-8 months, prompting a change in diagnosis. Two of 3 patients had normal cytogenetic examinations. JAK2 V617F mutation was detected after transformation to CMML in 1 of them; in the other, a novel translocation t(5;12)(p13;q24) was observed at the time of progression to acute leukemia. The use of different diagnostic terminologies--MDS, dysplasia with reactive monocytosis, myeloproliferative, and myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic syndromes by different and even the same pathologists at different times created confusion among the clinicians and patients. The disease course in these 3 patients was characterized by better survival and prolonged time to progression to acute leukemia, than predicted based on the original diagnosis of RAEB, suggesting that MDS with monocytosis may represent a subgroup distinct from MDS or CMML.
Renal Dysfunction, Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality

Background. Renal disease is commonly described as a complication of metabolic syndrome (MetS) but some recent studies suggest that Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) may actually antecede MetS. Few studies have explored the predictive utility of co-clustering CKD with MetS for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Methods. Data from a nationally representative sample of United States adults (NHANES) was utilized. A sample of 13115 non-pregnant individuals aged ≥35 years, with available follow-up mortality assessment was selected. Multivariable Cox Proportional hazard regression analysis techniques explored the relationship between co-clustered CKD, MetS and CVD mortality. Bayesian analysis techniques tested the predictive accuracy for CVD Mortality of two models using co-clustered MetS and CKD and MetS alone. Results. Co-clustering early and late CKD respectively resulted in statistically significant higher hazard for CVD mortality (HR = 1.80, CI = 1.45–2.23, and HR = 3.23, CI = 2.56–3.70) when compared with individuals with no MetS and no CKD. A model with early CKD and MetS has a higher predictive accuracy (72.0% versus 67.6%), area under the ROC (0.74 versus 0.66), and Cohen's kappa (0.38 versus 0.21) than that with MetS alone. Conclusion. The study findings suggest that the co-clustering of early CKD with MetS increases the accuracy of risk prediction for CVD mortality.
The case for creation of the North Pacific Ocean during the Mesozoic Era

Abstract Pangean reconstructions based on the Dymaxion Projection are discussed, and the advantages of placing cordilleran North America alongside eastern Asia are clearly seen. A detailed matching of the western North American and eastern Asian continental margins shows that the North Pacific can be closed as tightly as the Atlantic when appropriate adjustments are made to reproduce Permian geography. Closure of the North Pacific eliminates overlap of cordilleran North America with South America in the Caribbean region and permits closure of the Arctic Ocean. Geological and paleontological data are presented which permit a tentative Phanerozoic history of the North Pacific to be outlined. According to this view, cordilleran North America and the North China craton were rifted from cratonic North America at the dawn of the Phanerozoic. They drifted westward across a proto-Pacific Ocean and were temporarily sutured to the Siberian craton along the Sayanian fold belt during the world-wide Early Paleozoic orogenies. Final suture occurred along the Mongolian fold belt during the world-wide Late Paleozoic orogenies which completed the consolidation of Pangea. Separation of cordilleran North America from eastern Asia was part of the Mesozoic fragmentation of Pangea. Mesozoic sea-floor spreading carried cordilleran North America eastward and opened the present North Pacific. Cordilleran North America was sutured to cratonic North America during the world-wide Cenozoic orogenies. Suture began along the Nevadan-Sevier fold belt and was followed by under-riding along the Laramide fold belt. North America then partly over-rode the East Pacific Rise sea-floor spreading center, and dextral transform faults across the rift valley created faults and oroclines in cordilleran North America. A driving force for the disintegration of Pangea is provided by the unstable tetrahedral convection model. This model is fitted to Phanerozoic world maps for all periods beginning with the Permian to show how an opening North Pacific Ocean can be made compatible with opening of the Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic Oceans. The unstable tetrahedral convection model also provides a mechanism for opening the Cenozoic small ocean basins behind West Pacific island arcs. Such basins form above abandoned convection plumes or curtains which rise passively to the earth's surface. These plumes and curtains are abandoned when the potential energy-driving convection is locally exhausted.
Alimta (pemetrexed disodium): a multitargeted antifolate for the treatment of mesothelioma.

Pemetrexed disodium is an antimetabolite with multiple sites of action. It inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, thymidylate synthase, and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyl transferase (GARFT). As a single agent it is active against a variety of solid tumors. One phase II trial demonstrated a 14.5% response rate for single-agent pemetrexed disodium in patients with previously untreated mesothelioma. The combination of pemetrexed disodium and cisplatin was associated with very encouraging regression rates in mesothelioma patients treated as part of a phase I trial. A subsequent trial showed similarly encouraging activity (10 partial responses out of 25 evaluable patients [40%]) in mesothelioma patients treated with pemetrexed and carboplatin. A large, prospectively randomized, phase III trial of cisplatin alone versus cisplatin and pemetrexed with vitamin support has been completed. The findings will be presented at the 38th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in May 2002.
The prospect for deep seabed mining in a divided world

Abstract Those who would assess the prospects for deep seabed mining must keep in mind that, whatever its international implications, it is simply another commercial mining project in the eyes of mining companies and their bankers. Compared to ore from land sources, the abundance of poly‐metallic nodules is not well understood; prospects for metal prices are not encouraging; and there are many unknowns involved in “scaling‐up”; the apparatus for gathering and lifting nodules from the seabed. With these negatives to be overcome, a favorable legal regime is essential if there is to be any prospect of seabed mining. There is a chance that the LOS Preparatory Commission may attempt to accommodate the needs of the mining countries, but the United States will not participate in the negotiations, and the most likely outcome at the moment is the existence of both an LOS regime and a reciprocating states regime under national laws. This cannot be regarded as a favorable development for deep seabed mining.
Thought–action fusion and its relationship to schizotypy and OCD symptoms

Thought-action fusion (TAF) is a cognitive bias that has been linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Preliminary evidence suggests schizotypal traits may be associated with some types of OCD obsessions but not others. We examined the relationship between each of the two major types of TAF (i.e., likelihood and moral), schizotypal traits, and OCD symptoms in 969 nonclinical undergraduate students. We hypothesized that likelihood TAF would be associated with schizotypal traits; whereas moral TAF would not. Consistent with prediction, schizotypal-magical thinking was significantly associated with likelihood TAF even after controlling for the effects of OCD symptoms, general anxiety, and depression. Moreover, the relationship between likelihood TAF and OCD symptoms was significantly attenuated after controlling for schizotypal traits. In contrast, moral TAF demonstrated negligible association with OCD symptoms, depression, or schizotypal traits. These findings provide preliminary support for the linkage between likelihood TAF and schizotypal traits.
New solutions for substation sensing, signal processing and decision making

This paper describes a new solution for integrating substation sensing, signal processing and decision making for more efficient monitoring, control and protection applications. The paper points out deficiencies of the existing approach and sets the requirements for the new approach. Once an architecture of the new solution is defined, further description of each of the elements of the new solution, namely optical sensor multiplexed network, distributed signal processing, and neural network based decision making are discussed. At the end, a concept of how all the mentioned components of the solution can be integrated is given.
Sa1623 Capsule Endoscopy in the Octogenarian: Equally Safe Compared to the Younger. Results From a Comparative Study

manipulation interferes with currently available localization techniques. We have developed a novel wireless real-time pose detection module that is compatible with magnetic manipulation of wireless capsules based on permanent magnets. Aim: To characterize the localization profile of a magnetically manipulated wireless endoscopic capsule using the novel real-time pose detection system. Methods: The novel pose detection system consists of a localization module placed onboard a commercially available wireless capsule. The localization module measures the magnetic field generated by an external magnet and the absolute inclination of the capsule. The localization algorithm combines a precalculated magnetic field map with multiple sensor readings from an accelerometer and 6 magnetic field sensors. Thus, it is possible to extract the capsule position in terms of x, y, z and spatial orientation as pitch, yaw and roll. Using a passive tri-dimensional joint and two permanent magnets, one embedded within the pose detection system and the other held by a robotic manipulator, the proposed approach was compared to an optical tracker that served as the reference standard. Results: In reference to the optical tracker, within a spherical workspace of 30 cm diameter, the system provided an average localization error of x: 3.4 3.2 mm, y: 3.2 5.2 mm, z: 3.4 6.3 mm, pitch: 5 18 degrees, yaw: 3 20 degrees, and roll: 12 45 degrees. The localization algorithm was successfully able to localize a point within the capsule volume with an average computational time of 10 3 milliseconds. Conclusions: The novel realtime pose detection system was successful in characterizing the position and orientation of the wireless capsule. The system is compatible for use with external permanent magnet locomotion devices and the computational time is comparable to real-time robotic control systems. The level of position and orientation precision achieved by the novel system will allow for successful implementation into a closed-loop control module in capsule endoscopy.
Error performance analysis of space-time codes over Rayleigh fading channels

Space-time coding is a bandwidth and power efficient method of communication over fading channels that realizes the benefits of multiple transmit and receive antennas. This novel technique has attracted much attention recently. However, currently the only analytical guide to the performance of space-time codes is an upper bound [1] which could be quite loose in many cases. In this paper, an exact pairwise error probability is derived for space-time codes operating over Rayleigh fading channels. Based on this expression, an analytical estimate for bit error probability is computed, taking into account dominant error events. Simulation results indicate that the estimates are of high accuracy in a broad range of signal-to-noise ratios.
Factors Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life among Overweight or Obese Adults

Aims and objectives To identify factors associated with health-related quality of life among overweight or obese adults. Background The obesity epidemic presents a global challenge. Obesity is associated with lower health-related quality of life; however, no study has comprehensively examined correlates of health-related quality of life in this population. Design A cross-sectional design. Methods The physical component score, mental component score and eight domain scores of the Short Form-36 v2 were used to assess health-related quality of life. We identified 23 possible correlates of health-related quality of life, including age, body mass index, health and weight histories, perceived stress, cholesterol-lowering diet self-efficacy, problem-solving, binge eating, dietary intake and physical activity. Correlational analyses were used to examine the bivariate associations between correlates and health-related quality of life variables. All possible subsets regression was used to develop predictive models of health-related quality of life. Results The sample (n = 210) was predominantly White (84·8%), female (78·1%) and middle-aged (average age = 46·80 years). Age, body mass index, education, having children at home, and being hypertensive were identified as the best predictors of physical component score, explaining about 9% of the variance. Age, marital status, having hyperlipidaemia, perceived stress, problem-solving, self-efficacy, binge eating and barriers to healthy eating predicted mental component score, explaining approximately 48% of the variance. Physical functioning and role physical domains of health-related quality of life had similar sets of predictors, with 15% and 13% of the variance explained, respectively, while similar predictors were identified for bodily pain (6%), general health (26%), vitality (40%), social functioning (32%), role emotional (42%) and mental health (46%) domains. Conclusions Psychosocial factors were associated with the mental-related quality of life. Further exploration of factors related to physical-related quality of life is warranted in this population. Relevance to clinical practice When working with overweight/obese adults who are trying to lose weight, nurses need to consider socio-demographic and psychosocial factors in the development of a treatment plan that will improve health-related quality of life in this population.
Good abandonment in mobile and PC internet search

Query abandonment by search engine users is generally considered to be a negative signal. In this paper, we explore the concept of good abandonment. We define a good abandonment as an abandoned query for which the user's information need was successfully addressed by the search results page, with no need to click on a result or refine the query. We present an analysis of abandoned internet search queries across two modalities (PC and mobile) in three locales. The goal is to approximate the prevalence of good abandonment, and to identify types of information needs that may lead to good abandonment, across different locales and modalities. Our study has three key findings: First, queries potentially indicating good abandonment make up a significant portion of all abandoned queries. Second, the good abandonment rate from mobile search is significantly higher than that from PC search, across all locales tested. Third, classified by type of information need, the major classes of good abandonment vary dramatically by both locale and modality. Our findings imply that it is a mistake to uniformly consider query abandonment as a negative signal. Further, there is a potential opportunity for search engines to drive additional good abandonment, especially for mobile search users, by improving search features and result snippets.