cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is the Use of Complete Blood Counts with Manual Differentials an Antiquated Method of Determining Neutrophil Composition in Newborns

BACKGROUND Automated complete blood counts (CBCs) provide imprecise measures of neonatal neutrophil composition due to the presence of nucleated red cells, which masquerade as white cells. Manual differentials (MDs) must be performed but can be flawed due to technician inexperience or limited cell counts. Our study evaluated whether flow cytometry could more accurately determine neutrophil composition in term newborns compared with adult controls. METHODS Neutrophils were obtained by venipuncture in adults (n=10) and via cord blood from neonates delivered vaginally (n=21) or by primary cesarean section (n=17). Samples were processed by both flow cytometry and CBC with MD and results compared. Flow cytometry findings were verified using gene expression analysis of granule proteins. RESULTS Immature-to-total neutrophil ratios were used to signify neutrophil composition. Flow cytometry was superior to manual differentials due to its ability to identify the earliest neutrophil forms. Significant differences between newborns and adults were determined using flow cytometry (0.12 versus 0.05; p=0.01), but not MDs (p=0.18). Neonates had similar findings irrespective of labor and method used. Verification of neutrophil maturity was completed using gene expression analysis of granule proteins. CONCLUSIONS These results raise concerns about the accuracy of using CBCs with MDs to determine neutrophil composition. Further investigation of flow cytometry in clinical practice is warranted.
Phase Correlation of Electrons and Langmuir Waves

Multiple spacecraft observations have confirmed the ubiquitous nature of Langmuir waves in the presence of auroral electrons. The electrons show vari- ations consistent with bunching at or near the plasma frequency. Linear analysis of the interaction of a finite Gaussian packet of Langmuir waves shows that there are two components to the perturbation to the electron distribution function, one in-phase (or 180 ◦ out-of-phase) with respect to the wave electric field called the resistive component and one which is 90 ◦ (or 270 ◦ ) out-of-phase with respect to the electric field. For small wave packets, the resistive perturbation dominates. For longer wave packets, a non-linear analysis is appropriate which suggests that the electrons become trapped and the reactive phase dominates. Rocket observations have measured both components. The UI observations differ from those of the UC Berkeley observations in that a purely reactive phase bunching was observed as com- pared to a predominantly resistive perturbation. The resistive phase results of the UC Berkeley group were interpreted as arising from a short wave packet. The UI observations of the reactive phase can be explained by either a long, coherent train of Langmuir waves or that the narrower velocity response of the UI detectors made it possible to capture only one side of the reactive component of the perturbed dis- tribution function for a short wave packet in the linear regime. Future wave-particle correlator experiments should be able to resolve these questions by providing more examples with better velocity space coverage.
Oxidation of 1-Tetradecene by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain Sol 20 was grown on 1-tetradecene as sole carbon source, and a vinyl-unsaturated 14-carbon monocarboxylic acid, 13-tetradecenoic acid, was identified from culture fluid. This acid was not produced when n-tetradecane served as substrate for growth. Oxidation of the methyl group represents one method of attack on the 1-alkene by this organism. Tentative identification of 2-tetradecanol indicates that an attack on the double bond is also occurring. α, ω-Dienes would not support growth.
The heterogeneity of lung macrophages in the susceptibility to disease

Alveolar macrophages are specialised resident phagocytes in the alveolus, constituting the first line of immune cellular defence in the lung. As the lung microenvironment is challenged and remodelled by inhaled pathogens and air particles, so is the alveolar macrophage pool altered by signals that maintain and/or replace its composition. The signals that induce the recruitment of circulating monocytes to the injured lung, as well as their distinct gene expression profile and susceptibility to epigenetic reprogramming by the local environment remain unclear. In this review, we summarise the unique characteristics of the alveolar macrophage pool ontogeny, phenotypic heterogeneity and plasticity during homeostasis, tissue injury and normal ageing. We also discuss new evidence arising from recent studies where investigators described how the epigenetic landscape drives the specific gene expression profile of alveolar macrophages. Altogether, new analysis of macrophages by means of "omic" technologies will allow us to identify key pathways by which these cells contribute to the development and resolution of lung disease in both mice and humans.
Nerve grafts with various sensory and motor fiber compositions are equally effective for the repair of a mixed nerve defect

Autologous, cellular nerve grafts are commonly used to bridge nerve gaps in the clinical setting. Sensory nerves are most often selected for autografting because of their relative ease of procurement and low donor site morbidity. A series of recent reports conclude that sensory isografts are inferior to motor and mixed nerve isografts for the repair of a mixed nerve defect in rat. The aim of the present study was to determine if the disparity reported with cellular graft subtypes exists for detergent decellularized, chondroitinase ABC processed nerve grafts. We hypothesized that processing removes or neutralizes the inferior properties attributed to sensory nerve grafts. Saphenous (cutaneous branch), femoral quadriceps (muscle branch) and tibial (mixed trunk) nerve grafts 5 mm in length were used in tensionless reconstruction of syngenic rat tibial nerves. Nerve regeneration through the grafts and into the recipient distal nerve was evaluated 21 days after grafting by two methods, toluidine blue staining of semi-thin sections (myelinated axons) and neurofilament-immunolabeling (total axons). Contrary to previous reports using this grafting scheme, we found no significant difference in the myelinated axon counts for the three cellular graft subtypes. Moreover, total axon counts indicated cellular saphenous nerve grafts were more effective than the quadriceps and tibial nerve grafts. A similar though less pronounced trend was found for the decellularized processed grafts. These findings indicate that nerve graft composition (sensory and motor) has no substantial impact on the short-term outcome of nerve regeneration in a mixed nerve repair model.
Thermal desorption with large variable friction constant

Abstract The exact mean life-time for thermal desorption with a large friction constant and a rather general potential energy barrier is found using the Smoluchowski diffusion equation. The result shows explicitly the correction to Kramers' approximation for this problem when the potential energy barrier is not large compared to kT .
Verification of Design Spaces Developed at Subscale

Recent concerns about the applicability of design space boundaries developed on small scale to commercial manufacturing processes have been raised by regulators worldwide. These concerns center around the scalability of unit operations and their corresponding process parameters, and the impact this has on the desired attributes of the drug substance or product. Requests have been made to verify design space boundaries with data generated at commercial scale. Because it is not always feasible to manufacture large-scale batches, alternative approaches to verification are necessary. The following article discusses various science-based strategies that could be used to verify design space boundaries. These approaches balance the requirements to address regulatory concerns and ensure that quality standards are maintained for both drug substances and products, within the operating constraints currently facing the pharmaceutical industry.
Decay of a metastable state: A variational approach

We evaluate the exponential suppression of the quantum tunneling rate due to the coupling with a thermal reservoir. The exponential dependence is calculated by a variational method, in which an approximate saddle point of the effective action is found. The effect of finite temperatures is accounted for. We calculate the exponential part of the rate for several potentials, some of which have not been considered previously. The method gives excellent agreement with numerically calculated values, where they exist. We also consider the effect of Ohmic damping mechanisms of Drude form (memory damping). This latter case may be of importance for experiments on rf superconducting quantum interference devices and Josephson junctions where frequency-dependent damping mechanisms have been observed. The trends exhibited by the variational approximation can be understood qualitatively on the basis of physical arguments.
Learned magnetic field discrimination in yellowfin tuna,Thunnus albacares

1. Yellowfin tuna,Thunnus albacares, were trained individually to discriminate between two Earth-strength magnetic fields by differential reinforcement of a swimming response. 2. Seven subjects, of which two were trained with a double blind procedure designed to control for the possibility of cues from the experimenter, learned to discriminate between ambient and altered fields (Figs. 1–3). 3. Two additional fish trained with the same double blind procedure failed to discriminate between two magnetic fields in which the gradients of intensity were equal and opposite (Fig. 4). 4. The results suggest that the responses to magnetic fields by yellowfin tuna are neurally mediated and that magnetic field detection by this species can be analyzed by the same means as other sensory modalities.
Directed Test Suite Augmentation

As software evolves, engineers use regression testing to evaluate its fitness for release. Such testing typically begins with existing test cases, and many techniques have been proposed for reusing these cost-effectively. After reusing test cases, however, it is also important to consider code or behavior that has not been exercised by existing test cases and generate new test cases to validate these. This process is known as test suite augmentation. In this paper we present a directed test suite augmentation technique, that utilizes results from reuse of existing test cases together with an incremental concolic testing algorithm to augment test suites so that they are coverage-adequate for a modified program. We present results of an empirical study examining the effectiveness of our approach.
Uptake and metabolism of N-(4'-pyridoxyl)amines by isolated rat liver cells.

Abstract Uptake and metabolism of [3H]pyridoxine and 3H-labeled N-(4′-pyridoxyl)amines by isolated rat liver cells were studied at physiological concentration (0.5 μ m ) of vitamin B6 by using both membrane filtration and centrifugation methods for removal of radiolabeled solutes after incubations with cells. It was found that the characteristics of import of N-(4′-pyridoxyl)amines into liver cells is similar to those of import of natural vitamin B6. Upon entry each 4′(N)-substituted pyridoxamine was converted to its 5′-phosphate and then oxidized to release pyridoxal 5′-phosphate and the original amine. Considerable size of the amine substituent is tolerated for transport and metabolism, but a charged function impedes entry. The amount of released pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (and therefore the amount of released original amine) is controlled partially by the size of the amine affixed to B6 and partially by the enzymatic steps involved. This system illustrates how biologically active amines can be piggybacked onto a vitamin that gains facilitated entry to cells that have the enzymatic means to release the free amine for subsequent effects within the cell.
STUDIES ON MOUSE LEUKEMIA : VII. THE RELATION OF CELL DEATH TO THE POTENCY OF INOCULATED CELL SUSPENSIONS.

The effect of heat, hypo- and hypertonic salt solutions, glycerin, desiccation, and mechanical injury was studied on leukemic lymphoid cells of the mouse, and the leukemia-transmitting property of cell suspensions (hypothetical transmitting agent) in vitro. The results indicate that leukemia has not been transmitted by inoculation without the introduction of living cells. The interval between inoculation and death bears an inverse relationship to the number of living cells inoculated.
Structure of cDNAs Encoding Human Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 3 Subunits POSSIBLE ROLES IN RNA BINDING AND MACROMOLECULAR ASSEMBLY

The mammalian translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3), is a multiprotein complex of ∼600 kDa that binds to the 40 S ribosome and promotes the binding of methionyl-tRNA i and mRNA. cDNAs encoding 5 of the 10 subunits, namely eIF3-p170, -p116, -p110, -p48, and -p36, have been isolated previously. Here we report the cloning and characterization of human cDNAs encoding the major RNA binding subunit, eIF3-p66, and two additional subunits, eIF3-p47 and eIF3-p40. Each of these proteins is present in immunoprecipitates formed with affinity-purified anti-eIF3-p170 antibodies. Human eIF3-p66 shares 647 sequence identity with a hypothetical Caenorhabditis elegans protein, presumably the p66 homolog. Deletion analyses of recombinant derivatives of eIF3-p66 show that the RNA-binding domain lies within an N-terminal 71-amino acid region rich in lysine and arginine. The N-terminal regions of human eIF3-p40 and eIF3-p47 are related to each other and to 17 other eukaryotic proteins, including murine Mov-34, a subunit of the 26 S proteasome. Phylogenetic analyses of the 19 related protein sequences, called the Mov-34 family, distinguish five major subgroups, where eIF3-p40, eIF3-p47, and Mov-34 are each found in a different subgroup. The subunit composition of eIF3 appears to be highly conserved inDrosophila melanogaster, C. elegans, andArabidopsis thaliana, whereas only 5 homologs of the 10 subunits of mammalian eIF3 are encoded in S. cerevisiae.
PREDICTING MACROSCOPIC COLLOIDAL DEPOSITION AND TRANSPORTATION BASED ON DIMENSIONLESS TABOR'S PARAMETER

Bacterial deposition–transportation via a porous medium can be quantified by a dimensionless Tabor's parameter, μ, which accounts for the deformation of an elastic sphere in the presence of intersurface forces based on the classical Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory. A concentrated solution of model spheres or bacterial strains passing through a packed sand column leads to water filtration, where the efficiency is measured by the efflux concentration, C/C0, of particles. Experimental data of model latex spheres with ranges of size, ionic concentration and pH obtained by Elimelech, and our measurements of six different bacterial strains are analyzed. A strong correlation between C/C0 and μ is found and can be used to predict deposition–transportation once the microscopic properties are known.
Magnetic and structural properties of a DNA-maghemite nanocomposite

Starting with 7 nm γFe2O3 nanoparticles, synthesis of DNA-γFe2O3 nanocomposite and its structural/magnetic properties vis-a-vis the parent γFe2O3 are reported. Analysis of the x-ray diffraction shows an increase in the particle strain and average particle size (to 9.7 nm) in DNA-γFe2O3 nanocomposite. Transmission electron microscopy also shows an increase in size and a considerably wider size distribution. Temperature (5–300 K) variation of the magnetization (M) shows a wider distribution of the blocking temperatures (TB), as expected from the wider size distribution. Above TB, the data of MvsH fit the modified Langevin function with magnetic moment/particle μp≈11000μB, somewhat larger than μp≈8000μB for the parent γFe2O3. However, M∕g(γFe2O3) is not significantly affected. In electron magnetic-resonance spectroscopy at 9.28 GHz, only a single line is observed in DNA-γFe2O3 nanocomposite compared to two lines in γFe2O3. These effects are discussed in terms of the above structural differences.
The nature of pyruvate bound to pyruvate kinase as determined by 13C NMR spectroscopy

Abstract To discriminate between two chemically precedented mechanisms for the pyruvate kinase reaction, we have used 13 C NMR to examine the nature of pyruvate bound to the active site of this enzyme. We observe a small downfield shift (of + 0.5 ppm) of the resonance for the C-2 carbon of pyruvate upon binding to the enzyme, which can be explained either by an increase in carbonyl polarization or by the selective binding of the keto form of pyruvate. We can exclude the latter explanation on the basis of the known distributions of the three forms of pyruvate (keto, enol, and hydrate) and the observed spectra. In the absence of any evidence for a covalent adduct between pyruvate and an active site nucleophile, this result favors a mechanism in which the phospho group of phosphoenolpyruvate is transferred directly to ADP to yield ATP and the enol(ate) of pyruvate.
Positioning the Worker: Discursive Practice in a Workplace Literacy Program

Workers' perspectives have frequently been overlooked and ignored in the development and implementation of workplace literacy programs. Analysis of the classroom discourse of a literacy program run cooperatively by company and union at a US canning factory shows how, even in apparently `worker-centered' efforts, local discursive choices made by instructors may close off opportunities for students/employees to freely express their opinions and ideas. In this particular program, such choices effectively worked to move students/employees into subject-positions—into alignment with culturally stereotyped attitudes, behaviors, and values—that were desirable to company management.
Glutamate signaling through the kainate receptor enhances human immunoglobulin production

CD23 is implicated as a regulator of IgE synthesis. A soluble form of CD23 (sCD23) is released following cleavage by ADAM10 and enhanced sCD23 is correlated with increased IgE. In the CNS, signaling through the kainate receptor (KAR) increases ADAM10. In B cells, activation of KARs produced a significant increase in ADAM10 and sCD23 release as well as an increase in B cell proliferation and immunoglobulin production. In addition, ADAM10 inhibitors reduce IgE synthesis from in vitro cultures of human B cells. Thus, we report for the first time the unique presence of the kainate receptor in B cells and that activation of KARs could serve as a novel mechanism for enhancing B cell activation.
Instability of tetryl to Soxhlet extraction

Abstract The stability of tetryl (N-methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitroaniline) to Soxhlet extraction with methanol was examined by refluxing tetryl in methanol and extracting a tetryl-contaminated soil using Soxhlet, ultrasonic bath and wrist-action shaker methods. The results indicate that tetryl is unstable to Soxhlet extraction. If wet soils are Soxhlet-extracted with methanol, tetryl hydrolyses to N-methylpieramide (N-methyl-2,4,6-trinitroaniline). If extracted dry, methanolysis products are formed. Ultrasonic bath extraction with acetonitrile is recommended instead.
Identifying relationships between baseflow geochemistry and land use with synoptic sampling and R-mode factor analysis

The relationship between land use and stream chemistry is often explored through synoptic sampling of rivers at baseflow conditions. However, baseflow chemistry is likely to vary temporally and spatially with land use. The purpose of our study is to examine the usefulness of the synoptic sampling approach for identifying the relationship between complex land use configurations and stream water quality. This study compares biogeochemical data from three synoptic sampling events representing the temporal variability of baseflow chemistry and land use using R-mode factor analysis. Separate R-mode factor analyses of the data from individual sampling events yielded only two consistent factors. Agricultural activity was associated with elevated levels of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , alkalinity, and frequently K + , SO 2- 4, and NO 3 -. Urban areas were associated with higher concentrations of Na + , K + , and Cl - . Other retained factors were not consistent among sampling events, and some factors were difficult to interpret in the context of biogeochemical sources and processes. When all data were combined, further associations were revealed such as an inverse relationship between the proportion of wetlands and stream nitrate concentrations. We also found that barren lands were associated with elevated sulfate levels. This research suggests that an individual sampling event is unlikely to characterize adequately the complex processes controlling interactions between land use and stream chemistry. Combining data collected over two years during three synoptic sampling events appears to enhance our ability to understand processes linking stream chemistry and land use.
Direct measurements of electric fields in weak OH · · π hydrogen bonds

Hydrogen bonds and aromatic interactions are of widespread importance in chemistry, biology, and materials science. Electrostatics play a fundamental role in these interactions, but the magnitude of the electric fields that support them has not been quantified experimentally. Phenol forms a weak hydrogen bond complex with the π-cloud of benzene, and we used this as a model system to study the role of electric fields in weak OH···π hydrogen bonds. The effects of complex formation on the vibrational frequency of the phenol OH or OD stretches were measured in a series of benzene-based aromatic solvents. Large shifts are observed and these can be converted into electric fields via the measured vibrational Stark effect. A comparison of the measured fields with quantum chemical calculations demonstrates that calculations performed in the gas phase are surprisingly effective at capturing the electrostatics observed in solution. The results provide quantitative measurements of the magnitude of electric fields and...
Nucleotide sequence of hamster spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase cDNA

Abstract The nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding hamster spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase, a key enzyme in polyamine degradation and excretion, has been determined. The cDNA consists of a 1016 base pair insert including 120 nucleotides of the 5′ untranslated region and the complete 3′ untranslated region. The deduced amino acid sequence is very similar to the human spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase with only 8 differences in 171 amino acids and the corresponding nucleotide sequence shows 91% identity. The 5′ untranslated regions are even more closely related with 97% identity suggesting that this region may play a role in the regulation of acetyltransferase activity. Translation of the acetyltransferase mRNA in a reticulocyte lysate was not altered by the addition of N1,N12-bis(ethyl)spermine.
An empirical study of nonparametric multiple comparison procedures in randomized blocks

In this article, nonparametric procedures for multiple comparison in the randomized block design are studied. Procedures based on separate rankings are shown to have extremely conservative Type I family-wise error rates indicating slow convergence to the limiting distribution. Procedures based on joint ranking are seen to be superior even though they do not have the joint testing family property. The empirical studies in this article show that the aligned rank transform tests have stable Type I family-wise error rates. More importantly, aligned rank transform is shown to be generally the most powerful method even outperforming Tukey's parametric method with normal error terms. Although the aligned rank transform multiple comparison procedures can be applied in more general designs, the simulation studies in this article are carried out for randomized blocks with one observation per cell since all of the existing techniques are developed for this particular design.
Expression of the TEL-Syk fusion protein in hematopoietic stem cells leads to rapidly fatal myelofibrosis in mice

The TEL-Syk fusion protein was isolated from a patient with myelodysplasia with megakaryocyte blasts. Expression of TEL-Syk transforms interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent Ba/F3 cells in vitro by deregulating STAT5-mediated signal transduction pathways. In vivo, TEL-Syk expression in pre-B cells blocks B cell differentiation, leading to lymphoid leukemia. Here, we demonstrate that TEL-Syk introduced into fetal liver hematopoietic cells, which are then adoptively transferred into lethally irradiated recipients, leads to an aggressive myelodysplasia with myelofibrosis that is lethal in mice by 60–75 days. Expression of TEL-Syk induces a short-lived myeloexpansion that is rapidly followed by bone marrow failure and extreme splenic/hepatic fibrosis accompanied by extensive apoptosis. The disease is dependent on Syk kinase activity. Analysis of serum from TEL-Syk mice reveals an inflammatory cytokine signature reminiscent of that found in the sera from patients and mouse models of myeloproliferative neoplasms. TEL-Syk expressing cells showed constitutive STAT5 phosphorylation, which was resistant to JAK inhibition, consistent with deregulated cytokine signaling. These data indicate that expression of TEL-Syk in fetal liver hematopoietic cells results in JAK-independent STAT5 phosphorylation ultimately leading to a uniquely aggressive and lethal form of myelofibrosis.
Transport Of Fecal Bacteria From Poultry Litter and Cattle Manures Applied to Pastureland

Land applications of manure from confined animal systems and direct deposit by grazing animals are both major sources of bacteria in streams. An understanding of the overland transport mechanisms from land applied waste is needed to improve design of best management practices (BMPs) and modeling of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution. Plots were established on pasturelands receiving phosphorus-based livestock waste applications to measure the concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli), fecal coliform (FC), and Enterococcus present in overland flow at the edge of the field. The flow-weighted bacteria concentrations were highest in runoff samples from the plots treated with cowpies (1.37×105 colony forming units (cfu)/100 ml of E. coli) followed by liquid dairy manure (1.84×104 cfu/100 ml of E. coli) and turkey litter (1.29×104 cfu/100 ml of E. coli). The temporal distribution of fecal bacterial concentrations appeared to be dependent upon both the animal waste treatment and the indicator species, with peak concentrations occurring either at the beginning of the runoff event or during peak flow rates. BMPs could be selected to reduce peak flows or first flush effects depending upon the litter or manure applied to the land. The commercial Biolog System was used to identify the dominant species of Enterococcus present in the cowpie source manure (Enterococcus mundtii 55%) and in the runoff collected from the transport plots treated with cowpies (Enterococcus faecalis 37%). The identification of predominant species of Enterococcus that are associated with specific sources of fecal pollution could greatly assist with identifying the origins of NPS pollution.
Significance of elevated MB creatine kinase in patients after cardiac catheterization.

To clarify the etiology of elevations in plasma MB creatine kinase (CK) in patients after cardiac catheterization, we studied 32 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac catheterization and coronary arteriography. Total CK and MB CK were within the normal range in all patients prior to catheterization. Total CK activity rose from a mean of 61.46 +/- 33.8 IU/1 (SD) to 141 +/- 105 in the first sample after catheterization (p less than .005) and 121.6 +/- 92.4 in the second catheterization sample (p less than .0005). The MB CK activity also rose from a mean of 3.2 +/- 1.6 IU/1 prior to catheterization to a maximum value of 5.0 +/- 2.9. The mean increase in MB CK, though statistically significant (p less than .005), was only 1.8 IU/1. Only one patient's value for MB CK rose to outside of the normal range (greater than 12) likely due to cardiac injury. Thus, our data document that marked elevations in MB CK after cardiac catheterization are unusual. They likely represent cardiac muscle injury rather than MB CK released due to skeletal muscle injury induced by the catheterization itself.
Comparison of right atrial and pulmonary arterial pO2, pCO2, and pH in Gallus domesticus.

Abstract 1. 1. Paired right atrial and pulmonary arterial blood samples were examined to determine whether right atrial pO 2 , pCO 2 , and pH values could be used as an index of “mixed venous” values in the chicken. 2. 2. Right atrial blood pCO 2 was higher than pulmonary arterial blood pCO 2 by 2–3 mm Hg over the range of 30–50 mm Hg whereas right atrial blood pH was lower than pulmonary arterial blood pH by 0.05-0.08 units. 3. 3. pO 2 values over the range of 40–50 mm Hg were identical for the two sampling sites and differed by 7% or less over the range of 25–70 mm Hg. 4. 4. Correction of right atrial blood pCO 2 and pH by use of the derived regression equations should enable these values to be in agreement with “mixed venous” values whereas no correction should be necessary for pO 2 's within the usual physiological range.
Close-coupling calculations of rotational energy transfer in p-H2 + HD

Abstract We report quantum-mechanical close-coupling calculations for rotational state resolved cross-sections for p -H 2 + HD collisions. The low temperature limit of p -H 2 + HD is investigated, which is of significant astrophysical interest in regard to the cooling of primordial gas and the interstellar media. Sharp resonances have been reproduced in the cross-sections of some transition states at very low kinetic energies, E kin ∼ (10 −4 –10 −5 ) eV.
Modulation of Rab GTPase function by a protein phosphocholine transferase

The intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila modulates the activity of host GTPases to direct the transport and assembly of the membrane-bound compartment in which it resides. In vitro studies have indicated that the Legionella protein DrrA post-translationally modifies the GTPase Rab1 by a process called AMPylation. Here we used mass spectrometry to investigate post-translational modifications to Rab1 that occur during infection of host cells by Legionella. Consistent with in vitro studies, DrrA-mediated AMPylation of a conserved tyrosine residue in the switch II region of Rab1 was detected during infection. In addition, a modification to an adjacent serine residue in Rab1 was discovered, which was independent of DrrA. The Legionella effector protein AnkX was required for this modification. Biochemical studies determined that AnkX directly mediates the covalent attachment of a phosphocholine moiety to Rab1. This phosphocholine transferase activity used CDP-choline as a substrate and required a conserved histidine residue located in the FIC domain of the AnkX protein. During infection, AnkX modified both Rab1 and Rab35, which explains how this protein modulates membrane transport through both the endocytic and exocytic pathways of the host cell. Thus, phosphocholination of Rab GTPases represents a mechanism by which bacterial FIC-domain-containing proteins can alter host-cell functions.
Ultrastructural relationships between leu-enkephalin- and GABA-containing neurons differ within the hippocampal formation.

Abstract Electrophysiological studies have suggested that the excitatory actions of opioids in the hippocampal formation are mediated by inhibition of interneurons containing GABA; however, an anatomical basis for this interaction has never been established. Thus, we sought to determine the relationship between leu-enkephalin (LE)-containing axon terminals and GABAergic neurons using dual labeling immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. In the CAI region of the hippocampus, LE-labeled terminals (n = 99) were in direct contact with GABA-labeled perikarya and dendrites (18%), and directly apposed to GABA-labeled axon terminals (14%). In the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, LE-containing terminals (n = 125) occasionally apposed GABA-containing terminals (8%). In the hilus of the dentate gyrus, LE-containing terminals (n = 165) often contacted GABA-containing perikarya and dendrites (39%), but rarely apposed GABA-containing terminals (3%). In the CA3 region of the hippocampus, only a few LE-labeled mossy fiber boutons (n = 102) contacted the shafts of GABA-labeled dendrites (4%). The results demonstrate that leu-enkephalin-containing terminals have a different anatomical relationship with GABA-containing profiles in each subregion of the hippocampal formation. In the CA1 region of the hippocampus. the data support the numerous electrophysiological studies indicating that LE functions in modulating inhibitory GABAergic neurons by both pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms. In the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus the localization suggests some presynaptic regulation of GABAergic terminals. In the hilus of the dentate gyrus, the study also supports the contention that LE may have an important role in regulating inhibition of GABA-containing neurons. In comparison, in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, LE may have a more limited role in regulating GABAergic inhibition by direct association.
Envelope gene sequence of HTLV-1 isolate MT-2 and its comparison with other HTLV-1 isolates

Abstract The DNA sequence of the envelope gene of the HTLV-1 proviral clone MT-2 was determined and compared with envelope sequences of other HTLV-1 isolates. The comparison of this sequence with another of Japanese origin and two of Caribbean origin does not support the proposal by K. T. A. Malik, J. Even, and A. Karpas (J. Gen. Virol. 69,1695–1710, 1988) that isolates of similar geographic origins are more homologous than isolates of different origins. No significant differences in the degree of homology could be found among the HTLV-1 envelope gene sequences from Japanese and Caribbean isolates. The comparison confirms the high degree of homology previously found between various HTLV-1 isolates (>97%).
Do patterns of change during treatment for panic disorder predict future panic symptoms

Abstract Background and objectives Cognitive-behavioral therapies are currently the gold standard for panic disorder treatment, with well-documented treatment response. However, following interventions, some individuals continue to improve, while others experience a return of symptoms. The field lacks reliable ways to predict follow-up symptomatology. In the current study, a cluster analysis with a repeated measures design was conducted to examine change patterns over 12 weeks of cognitive behavioral group therapy for panic disorder. The central aim of the study was to evaluate if change patterns predict level of panic symptom severity at a six month follow-up in this sample. Methods Individuals with panic disorder (N = 36) completed a measure of panic symptoms (Panic Disorder Severity Scale) at the outset of every therapy session and at a six month follow-up. Results Results revealed three patterns of change in this specific trial, which significantly predicted level of panic symptoms six months post-treatment, beyond initial or final level of panic symptoms, and beyond total symptom change. Limitations Given the relatively small, lab-based sample, replications in other settings and samples will be important. Conclusions Overall, results provide initial evidence that change patterns are meaningful predictors of panic symptom severity well after the final session of treatment.
“Two-faced -isms: racism at work and how race discourse shapes classtalk and gendertalk.”

Abstract In this paper, we relied on a mixed-methods approach to examine the contextual fluidities and nuances of racial discourse in a southwestern baked-goods workplace. Specifically, we extend upon previous findings on how stereotypes and slurs are racially unequal in a workplace setting, in order to investigate what is uniquely racist about the deployment of stereotypes and slurs and how racism shapes gendered and classed dimensions of these terms. Further, we empirically demonstrate how gender and class can be constructed along lines of racial ideology at micro-levels of interaction. Our argument is that racetalk does not operate independently or in isolation from other discourses like gendertalk and classtalk. Instead, racist comments are often expressed alongside classist and sexist comments by people, who simultaneously occupy multiple racial, class, and gender locations.
Basic equations used in computer color matching, II. Tristimulus match, two-constant theory

The calculation of a tristimulus match in an opaque film using two-constant theory and four colorants can proceed in two stages: first, the computation of a rough match, and second, iteration to an exact match. The same formal matrix is used for the rough solution and for the iterative calculations, but it must be recomputed and reinverted once before the iterative stage of the program.
The application of spectral estimation methods to bearing estimation problems

The equivalence between the problem of determining the bearing of a radiating source with an array of sensors and the problem of estimating the spectrum of a signal is demonstrated. Modern spectral estimation algorithms are derived within the context of array processing using an algebraic approach. Emphasis is placed on the problem of determining the bearing of a sound source with an array. Special issues encountered in applying these estimates are discussed.
Protease Injury in Airways Disease

In summary, proteases are present in the airway in inflammatory airways disease. These enzymes can damage the airway epithelium. As a consequence, airway function can be altered, and long-term changes in airway anatomy can result. Although the exact cellular and biochemical mechanisms that lead to these changes are incompletely described, it seems likely that they will play important roles in clinical airways disease. As such, these pathways may represent novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
Parectadial, a Monoterpenoid from the Defensive Spray of Parectatosoma mocquerysi

The defensive secretion of Parectatosoma mocquerysi, a walkingstick insect from Madagascar, was determined to contain glucose, water, and a new monoterpene, parectadial, (4S)-(3-oxoprop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-enecarbaldehyde. Here, we describe the elucidation of parectadial's molecular structure and absolute configuration via microsample NMR technology, GC-MS, CD, chiral GC-FID, and synthesis from enantiomerically pure (S)- and (R)-perillaldehyde. This work demonstrates the value of walkingstick insects as sources of new bioactive compounds and provides an analytical framework for identifying such substances.
Correlation of thermal conductivity of non‐metallic solids at low temperatures

Thermal conductivity of selected non-metallic and semi-metallic solids is correlated at low temperatures, 0 < T < 1.5 Tm, where Tm is the temperature corresponding to the thermal conductivity maxima. These include the elements Bi, Ge, Se, Si, Te, and certain carbides and chlorides. It is shown that for most substances reduced thermal conductivity λ* (λ* = λ/λm, where λm is the maximum thermal conductivity) may be represented as a unique function of reduced temperature T* (T* = T/Tm), independent of impurity and imperfection content. Exceptions to the above are discussed. Variations of thermal conductivity maxima as a function of temperature are discussed. Reduced thermal conductivity of non-metallic solids is compared with that of metals at low temperatures. Die thermische Leitfahigkeit von ausgewahlten nichtmetallischen und semimetallischen Festkorpern ist bei niedrigen Temperaturen, O < T < 1,5 Tm, wobei Tm die den thermischen Leitfahigkeitsmaxima entsprechende Temperatur ist, korreliert. Davon sind die Elemente Bi, Ge, Se, Si, Te und gewisse Karbide und Chloride betroffen. Es wird gezeigt, das fur die meisten Substanzen die reduzierte thermische Leitfahigkeit λ*(λ* = λ/λm, wobei λm die maximale thermische Leitfahigkeit ist) durch eine einzige Funktion mit reduzierter Temperatur T* (T* = T/Tm) dargestellt werden kann, unabhangig vom Verunreinigungs- und Defektgehalt. Ausnahmen hiervon werden diskutiert. Anderungen der thermischen Leitfahigkeitsmaxima als Funktion der Temperatur werden ebenfalls diskutiert. Die reduzierte thermische Leitfahigkeit nichtmetallischer Festkorper wird mit der von Metallen bei niedrigen Temperaturen verglichen.
Further Studies on Resistance to Green Peach Aphid and Potato Aphid in the Wild Tuber-Bearing SolanumSpecies

Several sources of resistance to green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and to potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), have been identified in the wild tuber-bearing Solanum (Tourn.) L. species. Resistance to both species indigenous to Mexico: species resistant to green peach aphid include S. bulbocastanum Dun., michoacanum (Bitt.) Rydb., brachistotrichum (Bitt.) Rydb., and stenophyllidium Bitt; species resistant to potato aphid include bulbocastanum, hjertingii Hawkes, polytrichon Rydb., and stoloniferum Schlechtd. and Bche Resistance to the 2 aphid species was generally associated. The relative resistance of the various species of Solanum under field conditions to both green peach aphid and potato aphids was found primarily in potato aphid proved highly consistent in different years despite considerable variation in pest density. Our data suggest that potato seedlings can be effectively evaluated for resistance to both green peach aphid and to potato aphid over a wide range of aphid densities.
Chromosome structure and behaviour

Abstract Chromosomes contain at least three essential specialized regions: centromeres, replication origins and telomeres. All of these have been cloned from yeast. The relationship between chromosome structure and behaviour has been studied by using these cloned elements to construct artificial chromosomes and manipulate the structure of natural ones.
Symposium continued. Nasal ciliary structural pathology

The nasal or sinus mucosa cilia of 31 patients with various upper respiratory tract diseases have been examined for fine structural abnormalities. Although a wide variety of membrane, microtubular and cytoplasmic changes have been observed, their effect — except for genetic disorders — on respiratory disease remains unknown.
Collective phenomena in gauge theories. I. The plasmon effect for Yang-Mills fields

This is the first of a series of papers devoted to many-body phenomena in gauge theories. We assume that weak and electromagnetic interactions are described by a spontaneously broken gauge theory and that the strong interactions are described by an asymptotically free non-Abelian gauge theory. The implications of these assumptions for the behavior of matter at finite temperature and/or chemical potential are the subject of this series of papers. Briefly, the three main areas to which our results pertain are (1) renormalization of finite-temperature field theory, (2) the equation of state of strongly interacting matter at high densities in gauge theories, and (3) elementary-particle interactions in the early universe.
Design and application of low-cost infrared data systems

Abstract The adaptation of a standard minicomputer to the processing of infrared spectroscopic data is described. The computer is interfaced to one of three high-performance infrared spectrophotometers and is supported by a flexible software package designed for the spectroscopist. The development of these computerized dispersive spectroscopy systems is discussed in terms of hardware and software. An indication of performance is included by reference to specific analytical applications.
Mantle plumes from top to bottom

Abstract Hotspots include midplate features like Hawaii and on-axis features like Iceland. Mantle plumes are a well-posed hypothesis for their formation. Starting plume heads provide an explanation of brief episodes of flood basalts, mafic intrusions, and radial dike swarms. Yet the essence of the hypothesis hides deep in the mantle. Tests independent of surface geology and geochemistry to date have been at best tantalizing. It is productive to bare the current ignorance, rather than to dump the plume hypothesis. One finds potentially fruitful lines of inquiry using simple dynamics and observations. Ancient lithospheric xenoliths may reveal heating by plumes and subsequent thermal equilibration in the past. The effect at the base of the chemical layer is modest 50–100 K for transient heating by plume heads. Thinning of nonbuoyant platform lithosphere is readily observed but not directly attributable to plumes. The plume history in Antarctica is ill constrained because of poor geological exposure. This locality provides a worst case on what is known about surface evidence of hotspots. Direct detection of plume tail conduits in the mid-mantle is now at the edge of seismic resolution. Seismology does not provide adequate resolution of the deep mantle. We do not know the extent of a chemically dense dregs layer or whether superplume regions are cooler or hotter than an adiabat in equilibrium with the asthenosphere. Overall, mid-mantle seismology is most likely to give definitive results as plume conduits are the guts of the dynamic hypothesis. Finding them would bring unresolved deep and shallow processes into place.
Neutral proteinases from articular chondrocytes in culture. I. A latent collagenase that degrades human cartilage type II collagen.

Abstract Culture media collected from secondary monolayer and spinner cultures of rabbit articular chondrocytes showed evidence of collagenolytic activity by the following criteria: (1) Amicon PM-10 concentrates of culture medium released [ 14 C]glycine from reconstituted rabbit skin collagen fibrils at 37°C; (2) medium concentrated by lyophilization decreased the relative viscosity of human cartilage collagen in solution. The loss in viscosity was partially inhibited if medium was preincubated with o -phenanthroline, and (3) degradation of human cartilage collagen after 60 h incubation at 24°C was characterized primarily by the appearance of 75 000 dalton (TC A ) and 25 000 dalton (TC B ) products. The majority of the collagenase (EC 3.4.24.3) from cultured chondrocytes was secreted in latent form, since preincubation with either trypsin or p -aminophenylmercuric acetate significantly increased activity against human cartilage collagen. Chondrocyte collagenase may be important in mediating the normal slow turnover of cartilage collagen and may be particularly active in collagen destruction associated with early stages of synovial joint arthritides, before attack by non-cartilage cells or extra-articular soft tissues.
Mid-cavity obstruction in apical hypertrophy: Doppler evidence of diastolic intraventricular gradient with higher apical pressure.

Abstract Three cases of apical left ventricular hypertrophy demonstrating a sequestered small left ventricular apical cavity with complete systolic and partial diastolic intraventricular obstruction are described. Doppler studies revealed that flow from the apical chamber is aborted during early systole with further emptying during diastole through a narrow intraventricular channel, where a diastolic high-velocity jet (≥2.5 m/sec) directed from apex to base was localized. This indicated a significantly higher pressure in early diastole in the sequestered apical cavity. Filling of the apical chamber occurred late in diastole and during isovolumic ventricular contraction. The observations by Doppler of complete intraventricular systolic and partial diastolic obstruction in apical hypertrophy are new and may have significant clinical implications.