cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modulation of the Activity of Multiple Transcriptional Activation Domains by the DNA Binding Domains Mediates the Synergistic Action of Sox2 and Oct-3 on the Fibroblast Growth Factor-4Enhancer

Fibroblast growth factor(FGF)-4 gene expression in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and in EC cells requires the combined activity of two transcriptional regulators, Sox2 and Oct-3, which bind to adjacent sites on the FGF-4 enhancer DNA and synergistically activate transcription. Sox2 and Oct-3 bind cooperatively to the enhancer DNA through their DNA-binding, high mobility group and POU domains, respectively. These two domains, however, are not sufficient to activate transcription. We have analyzed a number of Sox2 and Oct-3 deletion mutants to identify the domains within each protein that contribute to the activity of the Sox2·Oct-3 complex. Within Oct-3, we have identified two activation domains, the N-terminal AD1 and the C-terminal AD2, that play a role in the activity of the Sox2·Oct-3 complex. AD1 also displays transcriptional activation functions in the absence of Sox2 while AD2 function was only detected within the Sox2·Oct-3 complex. In Sox2, we have identified three activation domains within its C terminus: R1, R2, and R3. R1 and R2 can potentiate weak activation by Sox2 in the absence of Oct-3 but their deletion has no effect on the Sox2·Oct-3 complex. In contrast, R3 function is only observed when Sox2 is complexed with Oct-3. In addition, analysis of Oct-1/Oct-3 chimeras indicates that the Oct-3 homeodomain also plays a critical role in the formation of a functional Sox2·Oct-3 complex. Our results are consistent with a model in which the synergistic action of Sox2 and Oct-3 results from two major processes. Cooperative binding of the factors to the enhancer DNA, mediated by their binding domains, stably tethers each factor to DNA and increases the activity of intrinsic activation domains within each protein. Protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions then may lead to reciprocal conformational changes that expose latent activation domains within each protein. These findings define a mechanism that may also be utilized by other Sox·POU protein complexes in gene activation.
Electrokinetic Protein Preconcentration Using a Simple Glass/Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Microfluidic Chip

We discovered that a protein concentration device can be constructed using a simple one-layer fabrication process. Microfluidic half-channels are molded using standard procedures in PDMS; the PDMS layer is reversibly bonded to a glass base such as a microscope slide. The microfluidic channels are chevron-shaped, in mirror image orientation, with their apexes designed to pass within ∼20 μm of each other, forming a thin-walled section between the channels. When an electric field is applied across this thin-walled section, negatively charged proteins are observed to concentrate on the anode side of it. About 103−106-fold protein concentration was achieved in 30 min. Subsequent separation of two different concentrated proteins is easily achieved by switching the direction of the electric field in the direction parallel to the thin-walled section. We hypothesize that a nanoscale channel forms between the PDMS and the glass due to the weak, reversible bonding method. This hypothesis is supported by the observat...
Theory of metallic glasses. I. Electronic structures

The electronic structures of three different metallic glasses, {ital a}-Ni, {ital a}-Mg{sub 1{minus}{ital x}}Zn{sub {ital x}}, and {ital a}-Cu{sub 1{minus}{ital x}}Zr{sub {ital x}}, are studied by means of the first-principles orthogonalized linear combinations of atomic orbitals (OLCAO) method. Large structural models containing 200 atoms each in a cubic cell with periodic boundary conditions are constructed using the Monte Carlo relaxation method and utilized in the calculation. Results on the density of states (DOS), partial DOS, localization index, effective atomic charges, etc., are presented and discussed. It is emphasized that local short-range order and intermediate-range order, as well as the orbital nature of the constituent atoms, are all important in determining the electronic structures of metallic glasses. Further calculations on metallic glasses with the OLCAO method and other applications of the present results are also discussed.
Notes on the Yellow-Tailed Woolly Monkey (Oreonax flavicauda) and Its Status in the Protected Forest of Alto Mayo, Northern Peru

Abstract: Populations of the yellow-tailed woolly monkey (Oreonax flavicauda) persist in increasingly isolated, threatened cloud forests in scattered areas of the departments of San Martin and Amazonas, in northern Peru. No long-term research has been conducted on this species in more than 20 years. The range of O. flavicauda continues to suffer rapid and widespread deforestation. From June to August 2004,I was involved in selecting a site for an extended study of its behavior and ecology. Here I document the species' continued existence and status in the Bosque de Proteccion (Protected Forest) of Alto Mayo. Three sightings of O. flavicauda provided a group size of 17–20 individuals—higher than previous sightings by Mariela Leo Luna in the early 1980s, who observed an average group size of nine. The difficulty we encountered in finding groups in the study area suggests that yellowtailed woolly monkeys have a large home range. This and its large body size, low density, low reproductive rate, its restrictio...
Gonadal hormone modulation of the behavioral effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in male and female rats

Female rats are more sensitive than males to many behavioral effects of cannabinoids. The purpose of the present study was to determine if sex differences in the antinociceptive and motoric effects of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are due to activational effects of gonadal steroid hormones. THC-induced antinociception (tail withdrawal, paw pressure tests) and motoric effects (horizontal locomotion, catalepsy) were compared in male and female gonadectomized rats that were chronically treated with hormone (testosterone in males, estradiol in females) vs. those that were gonadectomized and had no hormone replacement. THC's effects were also compared between gonadally intact females tested during vaginal estrus vs. diestrus. THC (5 and 10 mg/kg i.p.) produced very similar antinociceptive effects in no-hormone vs. testosterone-treated males, but significantly less locomotor suppression in testosterone-treated males than those with no hormone replacement. In gonadectomized females, estradiol enhanced THC's antinociceptive but not motoric effects. In gonadally intact, cycling females, 5 mg/kg THC produced slightly to significantly greater behavioral effects in estrous than in diestrous females. These results suggest that sex differences in THC-induced behavioral effects in the adult rat can be attributed to activational effects of testosterone in males and/or estradiol in females.
Bringing Soul to International Negotiation

In this article, the author calls for a shift in training for international commercial negotiation, away from the standard Western linear, rational, fact-oriented style toward training that makes room for “soul.” As used here, the term “soul” combines several concepts that integrate learning on human cognition, cultural intelligence, and effectiveness in international management. The article discusses soul in terms of three components: emotion and subjectivity, deep narratives rooted in faith and ethnic traditions, and cultural intelligence. The article presents three negotiation scenarios from around the globe, contrasting first-generation training approaches to nextgeneration training approaches that would value the unconscious processes of decision making.
Integrating human needs into our vision of sustainability

Abstract Sustainability is often treated as something to be attained simply by quantitative assessments, technological improvements, plus whatever behavioural adjustments are needed to ‘bring us back to sustainability’. But we place too great an emphasis on the first two, ignoring the reasons for our current ‘misbehaviour’. We seldom ask what sorts of behavioural adjustments will ‘work’: what does it take to satisfy our profound human needs for ‘meaning’ and ‘identity’? This article proposes that some cultural maps serve these needs better than others, and that the competitive, hierarchical ‘map’ of the dominant ‘West’ contains behavioural expectations that fail to satisfy these needs. Yet calling anyone's ‘map’ into question is threatening. We face the perennial dilemma of changing ways of thinking without creating resentment. For this, we can look around the world to places where positive reconstruction is under way, to examples of cooperation and community building, using them as texts for sustainability.
On sudden death

Abstract 1. 1. When application of the term “sudden death” is limited to instances wherein death occurred more or less instantaneously and in some degree unexpectedly, the vast majority of its victims will be found to suffer from organic heart disease, predominantly coronary occlusive disease. 2. 2. In two major studies of patients dying suddenly of coronary disease, the incidence of coronary thrombosis approximated only 25 per cent, and of acute myocardial infarction, something less than 20 per cent. 3. 3. The presence of coronary occlusive disease does not, per se, explain why the afflicted individual should have died abruptly. Others with lesions similar in kind and more extensive in degree may live on indefinitely. 4. 4. Although cardiac standstill and ventricular fibrillation are the established immediate causes of most instances of sudden death, precise documentation of these events in clinical circumstances is lacking. 5. 5. Experimental studies of Harris, Moe and others indicate: (a) that general bodily anoxia and shock predispose to pacemaker arrest and A-V conduction disturbances; (b) that localized boundaries of injury developing in sequence to severe coronary insufficiency are the sites at which tachysystole and fibrillation develop—probably as a consequence of production at these boundaries of high action potentials during the ventricular excitation process; (c) that general hypoxia induced by lowering the content of oxygen in inspired air may diminish the gradient of concentration of oxygen at the boundary of injury and reduce the frequency of extrasystolic discharge; (d) that autonomic reflex activity may play a major role in increasing the vulnerability of the heart both to cardiac arrest and ventricular fibrillation. 6. 6. Sudden death apparently does occur, albeit infrequently, in individuals whose hearts are morphologically normal, thus recalling Dr. Soma Weiss' statement that “There is a close similarity and interrelation between the mechanism of instantaneous death and that of syncope; frequently, indeed, instantaneous death is merely fatal syncope. 7. 7. With obvious justification, an increased understanding of these reflex phenomena which exert protection in one individual and facilitate death in another may be zealously pursued.
Two-Incision Total Hip Arthroplasty: The Hackensack Experience

Two-incision total hip arthroplasty (THA) represents a unique approach to THA in which muscle planes are preserved and no muscles are cut. It is a reliable and reproducible technique when performed properly in the appropriately selected patient. This technique affords the potential for earlier return to activities and possibly less postoperative pain, thus resulting in a more gratifying surgical experience. A single surgeon’s initial experience of 400 two-incision THAs is presented. There was a significant decrease in operative time, fluoroscopic usage, and complication rates as more comfort and experience were gained with this technique. Modifications to the original technique are presented.
Fish allergy: evaluation of the importance of cross-reactivity.

Fish constitute one of the most important groups of allergens in the induction of immediate (type I) food hypersensitivity. In our environment, fish allergy is present in 22% of all patients with a diagnosis of food hypersensitivity. We studied the allergenic significance of the fish species considered most representative because of their greater consumption in our environment (flatfishes: Pleuronectiformes such as sole, whiff, and witch; Gadiformes such as hake; and Scombriformes such as albacore) or because of the results of previous studies of Gadiformes such as cod. Through the use of isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis immunobiotting, we have observed that several allergens common to all these species are able to bind specific IgE from the sera of sensitized patients. This allergenic community has been confirmed by radioallergosorbent inhibition. Another group fo species-specific allergens focuses in the regions at about pH 5 and with molecular welghts less than 14 kilodaltons; these allergens correspond to sarcoplasmic parvoalbumins. From the results observed, which have been confirmed by varlous procedures and techniques, we conclude that hake is the fish with the capability to induce the strongest IgE response, followed by whiff; the witch seems to be the least allergenic of all flatfishes. Among all species studied, albacore was the least allergenic. These results may be considered when one introduces supplementary feeding with fish in infants, most particularly in infants at high risk for atopy.
Synthesis and properties of segmented polyurethanes with triptycene units in the hard segment

Abstract Segmented polyurethanes based on polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG) of 1000 g/mol were synthesized using a two-step polymerization procedure. Various hard segments were obtained using hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) or 4,4′-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) as the diisocyanates and hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether (HQEE) or triptycene-1,4-hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether (TD) as the chain extenders. The effect of rigidity and bulkiness of the hard segments on morphology, thermal and mechanical properties were studied. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) suggested that hydrogen bonding interactions were weakened in the presence of the bulky triptycene-containing hard segments. Variable temperature FTIR demonstrated that hydrogen bonds completely dissociate at around 170 °C for polyurethanes chain extended by HQEE compared to around 110 °C for their TD analogs. Polyurethanes from MDI and TD displayed microphase mixing behavior based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). When HDI was used as the diisocyanate in the TD chain extended polyurethane, enhanced microphase separation was observed with comparable mechanical properties to those of the MDI analogs with HQEE.
Directed discovery of agents targeting the Met tyrosine kinase domain by virtual screening.

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is an important regulator of normal development and homeostasis, and dysregulated signaling through the HGF receptor, Met, contributes to tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis in numerous human malignancies. The development of selective small-molecule inhibitors of oncogenic tyrosine kinases (TK) has led to well-tolerated, targeted therapies for a growing number of cancer types. To identify selective Met TK inhibitors, we used a high-throughput virtual screen of the 13.5 million compound ChemNavigator database to find compounds most likely to bind to the Met ATP binding site and to form several critical interactions with binding site residues predicted to stabilize the kinase domain in its inactive conformation. Subsequent biological screening of 70 in silico hit structures using cell-free and intact cell assays identified three active compounds with micromolar IC50 values. The predicted binding modes and target selectivity of these compounds are discussed and com...
Rigid Therapies, Rigid Minds: Italian Professionals’ Perspectives on Autism Interventions

Many therapies, interventions, and programs seek to improve outcomes and quality of life for people diagnosed with autism spectrum conditions. This paper addresses Italian professionals’ perspectives on a variety of such interventions, including TEACCH, ABA, Defeat Autism Now!, and Doman–Delacato. Drawing on participant-observation and interviews collected in 2012–2013 in a northern region of Italy, it highlights the theme of “rigidity” that appears in professionals’ discourses about both the characteristics of people with autism and the potential risks of adhering too strictly to any particular treatment protocol. The co-occurrence of the theme of rigidity across different domains demonstrates a way in which diagnostic characteristics become metaphors for medical practice. This paper proposes that such discursive moves may help bridge the gap between people with autism and people who work with them because a key attribute of people with autism—thinking and/or acting rigidly—is also a potential pitfall for people without autism.
Candidemia in women with breast carcinoma treated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation.

BACKGROUND Invasive fungal infections, including candidemia, pose a major threat to patients with impaired immune defenses, including bone marrow transplantation (BMT) recipients. During 1992–1997, 845 women with multiple lymph node positive or metastatic breast carcinoma underwent high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) and subsequent autologous BMT at Duke University Medical Center. No systemic antifungal prophylaxis was administered. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the risk and long-term outcome of candidemia in this patient population. METHODS Clinical data were collected on patients with candidemia, and a group of age-matched control patients were identified who underwent HDC and BMT for breast carcinoma in the same time period. The difference in crude mortality between these two groups was used to calculate the attributable mortality of candidemia. The genetic relatedness of the fungal blood stream isolates was investigated by DNA fingerprinting. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using serial microdilution. RESULTS Twenty-nine of 845 women developed candidemia (3.4%). The crude mortality of women with candidemia was 35% at 90 days after transplantation but 11% among women in the matched control group who were without infection (P = 0.01), for an attributable mortality rate of 24%. The most common pathogen was Candida tropicalis (50%), followed by Candida albicans (23%). The mortality was highest for women who were infected with C. albicans, followed by C. tropicalis, and other Candida species (P = 0.037). DNA fingerprinting of the yeasts revealed genetic heterogeneity in all species. However, 9 of 15 C. tropicalis isolates had identical DNA fingerprint profiles, suggesting spread of this genotype from a common source. All yeast isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B, and 20 of 30 isolates were susceptible to ≤ 8 μg/mL of fluconazole. CONCLUSIONS Candidemia was relatively infrequent after HDC and autologous BMT in women with for multiple lymph node positive or metastatic breast carcinoma. This was true even in the absence of systemic antifungal prophylaxis. The mortality attributable to candidemia in this patient population was 24% and was higher among patients who were infected by C. albicans compared with patients who were infected by other Candida, non-albicans species. Cancer 2003;98:24–30. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11470
Dielectric constant measurements using RCS data

The dielectric constant of a lossy dielectric sphere is determined using C-band radar cross-section measurements. The measurements are made at several frequencies, and the data are compared to calculated values for 1900 dielectric constants. A computer routine helps select the dielectric constant whose calculated radar cross sections most nearly match the experimental data.
PLANNING A FACE‐LIFT: IMPLEMENTING A CORPORATE IMAGE PROGRAM

A good image can help strengthen sales and enhance a company's ability to obtain financing. It is vital to keep one's corporate image from becoming outdated.
The lithiation of gem-bis (pyrazol-1-yl)alkanes

Abstract The title compounds can be lithiated at the inter-ring carbon atom to give carbanions which react with a variety of electrophiles. Lithiation can also be directed to the 5-position of the ring.
(h0, h, M0)-stability for integro-differential equations☆

On introduit un type tres general de stabilite appelee (h 0 , h, M 0 ) ― stabilite en combinant deux notions existantes de stabilite. On etudie ces nouvelles proprietes de stabilite par rapport a un systeme d'equations integrodifferentielles de type Volterra
A Study of Consumer Attitudes Regarding Variability of Menu Offerings in the Context of an Upscale Seafood Restaurant

ABSTRACT This study focuses on an examination of the variability aspect of menu content over time with an investigation of consumer attitudes and preferences regarding the daily variability of restaurant menus at the upper end of the market. A review of menu-oriented literature was carried out with a focus on menu content and variety. Insights were also drawn from the consumer variety-seeking literature in marketing. Consumer perceptions and attitudes were then investigated using structured scripted interviews with 100 adults over 25 years of age considered to be in the target market of an upscale seafood restaurant. Data were collected regarding overall appeal, likelihood of patronage, desirability, uniqueness, and menu preference. The results of the study indicate that in a forced-choice paired-comparison, a restaurant concept and menu alternative offering a daily varying menu, was preferred by subjects over one with a fixed menu under three differing conditions. However, results using scale measures of...
Boiling Performance of Flourinert PF 5060 on Confined and Unconfined Wire Meshes Soldered to the Substrate

The boiling performance of the dielectric fluorocarbon liquid PF 5060 was measured on submerged 0.9 cm square tin-plated copper and bronze wire meshes soldered to a copper block. Three mesh sizes were tested: 8 wires/cm (20 wires/inch) with 406 micron diameter, 20 wires/cm (50 wires/inch) with 229 micron diameter, and 59 wires/cm (150 × 150 wires/inch) with 66 micron diameter. The curves were measured with top of the mesh open in a pool boiling arrangement and with the mesh covered with a plate so that bubbles must exit sideways.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Psychiatric symptoms in children diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder: An examination of gender differences

Abstract In addition to the triad of impairments experienced by children and adolescents diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), they often present with symptoms of psychiatric disorders. To date, very few studies have examined gender differences in regards to psychiatric symptoms in children and adolescents diagnosed with an ASD. Thus, the current study compared male and female children and adolescents ( n = 129) who were diagnosed with an ASD or who were typically developing psychiatric symptoms. The Autism Spectrum Disorders-Comorbid for Children (ASD-CC) was utilized to assess for symptoms of psychopathology. Males and females diagnosed with an ASD did not significantly differ from each other in total psychiatric symptoms or on any of the specific factors of psychiatric symptoms examined (i.e., tantrum behavior, repetitive behavior, worry/depressed, avoidant behavior, under-eating, conduct, and over-eating). Similarly, males and females who were typically developing did not differ from each other on any factors examined. A discussion including future directions of research is included.
The effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cyclic AMP-elevating agents on tumor necrosis factor production by murine-resident and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages

Abstract Tumor-necrosis factor (TNF), prostaglandin (PG) E2, and 6-keto PGF1a production by peritoneal macrophages was monitored following incubation with various cAMP-elevating agents and stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Resident and thioglycollate (TG)-elicited macrophages were obtained from mice maintained for 4 weeks on diets containing 3 wt % n-6 fatty acids; 1.0 wt % n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) + 1.5 wt % n-6 fatty acids; or 1.5 wt % n-3 PUFA + 1.5 wt % n-6 fatty acids. Increasing the n-3 PUFA content of the diet increased TNF production and decreased PG production by the resident peritoneal macrophages. The cAMP analog, 8-br cAMP, and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, decreased TNF production by resident peritoneal macrophages from mice consuming all diets. The adenylate cyclase (AC) activators, cholera toxin and forskolin, only decreased TNF production by resident macrophages from mice consuming the higher level of n-3 PUFA. The effects of dietary n-3 PUFA on TNF production by the resident peritoneal macrophages appear not to be mediated by cAMP, as the cAMP-elevating agents did not eliminate the dietary effects on TNF production. TG-elicited macrophages produced more TNF and less PG than the resident peritoneal macrophages. Adding n-3 PUFA to the diet did not affect TNF nor PG production by TG-elicited macrophages. The cAMP-elevating agents decreased TNF production by TG-elicited macrophages from mice consuming diets with or without n-3 PUFA. These findings show that cAMP-elevating agents decrease TNF production by both resident and elicited peritoneal macrophages, but may not be involved in the effect of n-3 PUFA on TNF production by the resident peritoneal macrophages.
Diophantine equivalence and countable rings

We show that Diophantine equivalence of two suitably presented countable rings implies that the existential polynomial languages of the two rings have the same “expressive power” and that their Diophantine sets are in some sense the same. We also show that a Diophantine class of countable rings is contained completely within a relative enumeration class and demonstrate that one consequence of this fact is the existence of infinitely many Diophantine classes containing holomorphy rings of ℚ.
Exercise training and myocardial remodeling in patients with reduced ventricular function: One-year follow-up with magnetic resonance imaging

Background Exercise training is now an accepted therapeutic intervention in patients with reduced ventricular function after a myocardial infarction. However, there are conflicting reports on the effects of training on the remodeling process of the heart, and previous studies have only assessed short-term effects of training. Methods and Results Twenty-five patients with reduced ventricular function after myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to an intensive 2-month exercise training program or to a control group (control group: n = 13, aged 55 ± 7 years, ejection fraction 33.3% ± 6%; exercise group: n = 12, aged 56 ± 5 years, ejection fraction 31.5% ± 7%) and followed up for 1 year. Measures of left ventricular size, function, and wall thickness in the infarct and noninfarct areas were made by magnetic resonance imaging at baseline, after the 2-month training period, and 1 year later. Maximal oxygen uptake increased in the trained group, from 19.7 ± 3 mL/kg per minute at baseline to 25.1 ± 5 and 24.2 ± 5 mL/kg per minute after 2 months and 1 year, respectively (P < .05 vs baseline for both), whereas the control group did not change significantly. Ejection fraction, end-diastolic volumes, and end-systolic volumes did not change at any measurement point throughout the study period in either the trained or control groups. Myocardial wall thickness measurements at end-diastole and end-systole and their differences determined by magnetic resonance imaging yielded no significant interactions between groups. When myocardial wall thickness measurements were classified by infarct or noninfarct areas, no differences were observed between groups over the study period. Conclusions Intensive exercise training in patients with reduced ventricular function resulted in a significant improvement in exercise capacity after 2 months, and this improvement was sustained over 1 year. In contrast to some recent reports, training had no deleterious effects on left ventricular volume, function, or wall thickness regardless of infarct area.
The final common pathway.

See doi:10.1016/S1095-668X(02)00429-3for thearticle to which this editorial refers. Cardiogenic shock remains the final common pathway to death in a substantial number of patients with acute myocardial infarction. We have learned a great deal about this syndrome which at itsbottom line is characterized by a state of severe tissue hypoperfusion. Much of what we know has come from single centre observational experiences, from multicentre registries, from subsets of patients in randomized trials of acute myocardial infarction therapy, and now from one specific trial of cardiogenic shock.1–4 Data from these sources have advantages as well as disadvantages. A prominent problem has been patient selection. For some of these trials patients with profound shock have been excluded which makes interpretation difficult. This issue of patient selection is perhaps best illustrated by the quote from Galen … ‘all who drink of this remedy recover in a short time, except those whom it does not help, who all die. Therefore, it is obvious that it fails only in incurable cases’. Population-based data such as that from the TRACE Registry overcome …
Large-Lewis-Number Instabilities of Model Edge-Flames

We examine anchored edge-flames in non-premixed combustion for which the Lewis number of the fuel is large. Steady two-dimensional solutions are constructed, both stable and unstable, by using a modified time-integration strategy. These calculations define a static detachment Damkohler number. Real-time integrations reveal oscillating instabilities if the Damkohler number D is small enough, and these instabilities are also examined by linear perturbation of the steady solutions. The eigenfunctions constructed in this way make clear that the instability is confined to the edge, and does not affect the 1D flame trailing from the edge. Dynamic detach-ment of an oscillating flame occurs in one of two ways, depending on the boundary conditions used in the model: as D is decreased, the period and amplitude of the oscillation grow and approach infinity as D approaches a critical value greater than the static detachment value; or, the period and amplitude remain bounded, and dynamic detachment occurs at the same value of D as for static detachment.
Sculpted Radicals: The Problem of Sacco and Vanzetti in Boston's Public Memory

Abstract On August 23, 1927, Italian anarchists Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were executed for robbery and murder in Massachusetts. This essay examines the echoes of that event in Boston9s commemorative landscape as a means to discuss the relationship between official and vernacular expressions of public memory as well as some of the limitations that interpreting ideological radicalism reveals in public historical practice. It examines the history and discourses surrounding the Sacco and Vanzetti Memorial at the Boston Public Library, the Sacco and Vanzetti Memorial Day Proclamation (1977), and a 2007 anarchist/radical parade and rally in Boston commemorating the eightieth anniversary of the executions.
5-HT1a receptors mediate the neurotrophic effect of serotonin on developing dentate granule cells

Abstract We have previously reported that neonatal (P3) serotonin (5-HT) depletion results in a significant decrease in the number of dendritic spines per 50 μm of dendritic length on dentate granule cells. This effect is specific and permanent. Neither total dendritic length nor the number of dendritic segments is affected by 5-HT depletion. The area dentata contains a dense 5-HT1a receptor population that is present in the at birth. Therefore, 5-HT1a receptors represented a likely candidate for the mediation of the effects of 5-HT on developing granule cells. The present study used the drugs buspirone and NAN-190, which have been shown to be an agonist and antagonist respectively at postsynaptic 5-HT1a receptors in vivo, to test the idea that neurotrophic actions of 5-HT result from 5-HT1a receptor stimulation. Following 5-HT depletion with PCA, pups received daily injections of buspirone (1.0 mg/kg) from P5 to P14. Granule cell morphology was then studied using intracellular filling with Neurobiotin on P14, P21 and P60. Buspirone treatment prevented the loss of dendritic spines previously shown to follow 5-HT depletion with PCA. No other morphological parameters were significantly changed by buspirone treatment. Naive pups received daily injections of NAN-190 from P3 to P14. One group received 1.0 mg/kg while a second group received 3.5 mg/kg. Both doses of NAN-190 resulted in dendritic spine loss comparable to that obtained with neonatal PCA treatment. This loss was permanent suggesting that the first two postnatal weeks may represent a critical period for the action of 5-HT on developing granule cells. Significant, dose-dependent changes in total dendritic length and number of dendritic segments reminiscent of the effects of norepinephrine depletion were also observed in NAN-190-treated rats. We suspect that this change is the result of the action NAN-190 at α receptors and is therefore distinct from the specific effect of 5-HT on the number of dendritic spines. The NAN-190 experiment also shows that the loss of dendritic spines is a function of decreased stimulation of 5-HT1a receptors and not the loss of 5-HT terminal membrane.
Diet quality affects mating behaviour and egg production in a wolf spider

Recent evidence suggests that the quality (i.e. nutritional content) of food can have important effects on life history and behaviour. Yet few studies have considered the role of food quality for mating. We tested the effects of diet quality of prey fed to males and females on mating behaviours, sexual cannibalism and egg production in the wolf spider, Pardosa milvina. Diet quality was manipulated through supplementation of the substrate on which Drosophila melanogaster were reared on and prey quantity was held constant. There was no effect of diet quality on the occurrence of mating or the timing of copulatory behaviours. Contrary to our predictions, females on the high-quality diet engaged in more attacks on males before and after mating and were more likely to cannibalize males following mating. Hence, females do not compensate for low-quality diets by increasing attack rates or cannibalism on males. Rather, females on the high-quality diet appear to be more voracious predators, consistent with results of some foraging studies. Egg production of females that matured and mated in the laboratory was not affected by diet quality. However, field-caught adult females produced eggsacs more quickly when reared on the high-quality diet. Our results suggest that the quality of prey can limit the latency to female egg production. These results highlight the need for more research on the role of food quality for mating interactions and the mechanisms responsible for more voracious feeding by females on high-quality diets.
Wit and wisdom: where do we turn for advice?

Recently, I received the latest issue, the third edition, of The Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics, edited by Dr. Gavriel Salvendy (2006). I am awed and amazed by this massive tome, with its long and distinguished list of Advisory Board members (25) and even longer and more distinguished list of chapter authors (114). Do we need another 1654-page summary of everything we need to know, but about which we might be afraid to ask? Yes, but with some qualifications.
Characterization of nascent HDL particles and microparticles formed by ABCA1-mediated efflux of cellular lipids to apoA-I

The nascent HDL created by ABCA1-mediated efflux of cellular phospholipid (PL) and free (unesterified) cholesterol (FC) to apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) has not been defined. To address this issue, we characterized the lipid particles released when J774 mouse macrophages and human skin fibroblasts in which ABCA1 is activated are incubated with human apoA-I. In both cases, three types of nascent HDL containing two, three, or four molecules of apoA-I per particle are formed. With J774 cells, the predominant species have hydrodynamic diameters of approximately 9 and 12 nm. These discoidal HDL particles have different FC contents and PL compositions, and the presence of acidic PL causes them to exhibit alpha-electrophoretic mobility. These results are consistent with ABCA1 located in more than one membrane microenvironment being responsible for the production of the heterogeneous HDL. Activation of ABCA1 also leads to the release of apoA-I-free plasma membrane vesicles (microparticles). These larger, spherical particles released from J774 cells have the same PL composition as the 12 nm HDL and contain CD14 and ganglioside, consistent with their origin being plasma membrane raft domains. The various HDL particles and microparticles are created concurrently, and there is no precursor-product relationship between them. Importantly, a large fraction of the cellular FC effluxed from these cells by ABCA1 is located in microparticles. Collectively, these results show that the products of the apoA-I/ABCA1 interaction include discoidal HDL particles containing different numbers of apoA-I molecules. The cellular PLs and cholesterol incorporated into these nascent HDL particles originate from different cell membrane domains.
Reassociation of cortical secretory vesicles with sea urchin egg plasma membrane: assessment of binding specificity.

An assay has been developed for quantitating the reassociation of cortical secretory vesicles (CVs) with fragments of sea urchin egg plasma membrane attached to glass slides (PM lawns). Binding ofS. pupuratus CVs to homologous PM lawns increased with time and CV concentration. The observation that CV binding was blocked by chymotrypsin digestion of the PM fragments suggested that a PM protein(s) is required for reassociation. The possibility that the extent of CV lysis that occurred during CV preparation (15.4±3.8% as assessed by ovoperoxidase assay) influenced reassociation was investigated by determining the effect of CV content proteins (isolated as fertilization product) on binding. Various concentrations of fertilization product (up to equivalent amounts of fertilization product and CV protein) had no effect on CV binding. The specificity of binding was investigated by assessing the ability of CVs to bind to PM lawns prepared from human red blood cells, and by determining the ability of heterologous vesicles to bind to egg PM fragments. PM lawns from HRBCs did not support CV binding; however, PM lawns prepared from the eggs of several species of sea urchin did bindS. pupuratus CVs. Vesicles from a partially purified preparation of yolk platelets bound to egg PM lawns with low efficiency (1/7 that of CVs), but immunofluorescence analysis with an anti-hyalin monoclonal antibody demonstrated that 74±9% of the bound vesicles were CVs that contaminated the yolk platelet preparation. Dioleoylphosphatidyl choline liposomes were also unable to bind to egg PM lawns. These results are consistent with hypothesis that CV binding to egg PM lawns is a specific, protein-mediated event.
Glycogen storage disease of the myocardium.

Abstract 1.A case of glycogen storage disease of the myocardium is presented with additional evidence of hepatic, renal and bladder involvement. The clinieal course and autopsy findings are described. 2.The glycogen storage diseases are now recognized as being manifestations of abnormal metabolism of glycogen. There are particular chemical variations in structure as well as disturbances in enzymatic function which aid in the recognition of the particular clinical variant. 3.To date five clinical variants are recognized, each having specific clinical and laboratory features.
Application of the means-end theoretic for understanding the cognitive bases of performance appraisal

Abstract Applicability of means-end theory to the area of performance appraisal was tested in a sample of 22 nurse supervisors. Individual interviews were conducted which employed triadic sorting and laddering procedures in order to identify cognitive concepts most salient to performance rating. These concepts were classified according to level of abstraction—attribute, consequence, or value. This classification served as the basis for construction of a summary cognitive map of the performance appraisal process for this sample. Cognitive differentiation analysis revealed that, on average, value level concepts accounted for significant variance in performance judgments over and above that which was accounted for by attributes and consequences. Conclusions include an argument for further investigaton of personal values and their effects on the performance appraisal process.
Reproduction of Maximal Exercise Performance in Patients with Angina Pectoris Despite Ouabain Treatment

Eight patients with a diagnosis of atherosclerotic heart disease and a history of typical angina pectoris, uncomplicated by cardiac dilatation or heart failure, were studied by means of standardized, symptom-limited treadmill exercise test. Repeatability of such testing was determined during two control tests 1-1.5 hours apart. From two to six days later, the same patients performed two treadmill tests after pulmonary and brachial arterial catheterization. The study design allowed evaluation of the effects of 0.005 mg/kg of ouabain at rest-both supine and standing-and during submaximal and maximal exercise. Measurements were made of oxygen uptake, arterial-mixed venous oxygen difference, heart rate, systemic arterial pressures and pulmonary arterial mean pressure. The ratio of mean systemic to mean pulmonary arterial pressure relative to cardiac output indicated that acute left ventricular dysfunction limited aerobic work. Treatment with ouabain did not significantly change performance or capacity and ang...
Nucleotides from T2r+ bacteriophage.

If desoxyribonucleic acid, obtained by osmotic shock from T2r^+ bacteriophage, and deproteinized, is treated successively with pancreatic desoxyribonuclease and purified venom phosphodiesterase (1), 62 percent of the phosphorus (P) of the nucleic acid can be recovered in the form of mononucleotides. This result is in distinct contrast to that obtained with calf thymus or wheat germ desoxyribonucleic acid, which are degraded quantitatively to mononucleotides by this procedure (1, 2).
Nature of the perineural space invaded by prostatic carcinoma.

The concept of perineural lymphatics is widely accepted, particularly in reference to prostatic carcinoma. A study of serial sections of many tissue blocks from 12 prostatic carcinomas revealed involvement of perineurium in only five cases; however, the assumption that these tumor cells are in lymphatics is unlikely because of the absence of an endothelial lining and the involvement of the entire circumference of the nerve by tumor in some instances. Experimental studies were performed to further investigate the perineurium. When India ink was injected into the lymphatics of the prostatic capsule of dogs, none was found in perineural areas either grossly or microscopically. Inoculation of Walker 256 carcinoma directly into the perineurium of femoral nerves of rats resulted in variable spread within the nerve and along tissue spaces in the perineurium, with no evidence of invasion of lymphatics or regional lymph nodes. Electron microscopy of canine and human nerves did not reveal any evidence of lymphatics in the perineurium. Therefore, the authors conclude that spread of malignant tumors along nerves in the prostate and elsewhere is not within performed lymphatics but within tissue planes of least resistance.
Common iliac artery—ureteral fistula: Case report and literature review

Abstract Arterial-ureteral fistulas are rare complications of iliac artery reconstruction or ureteral manipulation. The diagnosis should be considered in patients with intermittent hematuria who have had ureteral catheterization, arterial bypass, or nephrectomy. The following case demonstrates the difficulty in making the diagnosis preoperatively. A review of the literature and alternative methods of surgical management are described. (J VASC SURG 1986;3:155-8.)
Selective incapacitation: A note on its impact on minorities

Selective incapacitation has been proposed as a more judicious use of corrections. That is, through predicting and segregating high rate offenders, the goals of crime reduction and more efficient use of prison space can be realized. The Greenwood scale has been proposed as a device that can accurately predict which offenders are likely to be high rate offenders. Before such scales can be implemented for policy purposes, though, it is imperative that the scale items used do not discriminate unfairly between blacks and whites, men and women, rich and poor. This article examines the impact of such a scale on sentencing recommendations for each of these groups. The findings indicate that disadvantaged groups in society (blacks, women, and the poor) are more likely to receive higher Greenwood scale scores, and thus designation as high rate offenders, even when controls for prior offenses are included. The implications of this and related findings are discussed for the use of such predictive devices in criminal justice.
Experimental Comparison and Economic Analysis of PV Technologies for Utility Scale Installations

The photovoltaic (PV) industry has seen remarkable progress in recent years, especially considering the advancement in materials and cell architecture. The potential of these technologies is investigated in a high insolation region of Southwestern United States, namely Las Vegas, where there is an abundance of surrounding barren land available for large scale installations. An experimental comparison of different PV technologies (HIT-Si, poly-c-Si, a-Si, and triple junction a-Si) under identical climatic conditions is the basis of this study. All tested modules have identical operating conditions, i.e. fixed installation plane, geographic location, and climatic conditions. The experiment verifies thin-film’s temperature independency, HIT-Si’s superior performance, and summarizes winter energy production of popular technologies in our climate. Lastly, an economic analysis is performed to compare the different technologies for prospective utility scale PV installations in southern Nevada, or similar climatic regions.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Surface enthalpy and enthalpy of water adsorption of nanocrystalline tin dioxide: Thermodynamic insight on the sensing activity

Tin dioxide (SnO2) is an important base material for a variety of gas sensors and catalysts. However, there is a lack of experimental data on the energetics of SnO2 surfaces and their water adsorption. In this work, the surface energies of anhydrous and hydrated SnO2 nanoparticles were measured by combining high-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry and water adsorption calorimetry. The SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized through oxidation of metallic tin using nitric acid followed by heat treatment at different temperatures to achieve surface areas ranging from 4000 to 10,000 m2·mol−1(25–65 m2·g−1). The enthalpy of the anhydrous surface is 1.72 ± 0.01 J·m−2, and that of the hydrated surface is 1.49 ± 0.01 J·m−2. The integral heat of water adsorption is −75 kJ·mol−1, with a chemisorbed maximum coverage of ∼5 H2O·nm−2. SnO2 has a lower surface energy and less exothermic enthalpy of water adsorption than the isostructural TiO2 (rutile) reported previously. This comparison suggests that the excellent sensing properties of SnO2 may be a consequence of its relatively low affinity for surface H2O molecules that compete with other gases for adsorption.