cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Raman spectrum of 1,1′-diethyl-2,2′-cyanine iodide near the π-π* electronic transition

Abstract The Raman spectrum of 1,1′-diethyl-2,2′-cyanine iodide in a methyl alcohol solution (4 × 10 −5 m ) in which the lines of the argon ion laser at 457.9, 488.0, 496.5, 501.7 and 514.5 nm were employed as excitation sources has been investigated. The strongest lines in the Raman spectrum appear in the region from 1200–1700 cm −1 and are strongly polarized (ϱ= 0.2). Two vibrational modes have been identified with reasonable certainty: one a doublet at 1361 and 1380 cm −1 which involves the stretching of the conjugated chain in the ring of the quinolinic end groups, and the other at 1639 cm −1 which characterizes the stretching of the conjugated chain which bridges the quinolinic end groups. The splitting of the line associated with the ring stretching mode probably arises from the resonance interaction between the two quinolinic end groups. The intensity and polarization of the lines in the spectrum indicate that the vibrational modes of the strongest lines are totally symmetric. The visible electronic spectrum shows maxima at 490.6 and 522.9nm; an analog resolution of the spectrum shows that the contour of the vibronic band can be accounted for by a vibronic progression with a spacing of approximately 1200 cm −1 . Both the observed variation of intensity and an approximate calculation based on A -term scattering of totally symmetric vibrational modes support the conclusion that a maximum enhancement of the intensity will be attained when the frequency of exciting radiation is equal to that of the pure electronic transition at 522.9 nm.
Dynamics of Catch-Up Growth in a Group of Premature Infants

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To identify a pattern of weight and height changes that produce catch-up growth and normal Denver Developmental Screening results in a group of 18 month old former premature infants. A retrospective chart review was done on a group of 28 (72% male) infants discharged from a level three NICU with outpatient follow up at the hospital's developmental screening clinic. Growth data was collected from hospital and developmental clinic charts at birth and discharge, as well as at 4, 9 and 18 month screenings. Dietary data was collected from hospital records and developmental screening visits. The mean birth weight was 1534 gm (+/− 372) and the mean gestational age was 31 weeks (+/− 2.6). Average weight at discharge was 2430 gm (+/− 354). The mean weight z-score at discharge was −2.96 (+/− .52) for actual age. 75% of the infants received breast milk in the hospital and 60% were discharged on breast milk. Analysis of variance of weight z-scores at 4, 9 and 18 month screenings showed significant decreases (p = .001) from a mean z-score of .64 at 4 months to .03 at 9 months and −.27 at 18 months adjusted age. Mean height z-scores moved from −.87 at 4 months to −.45 at 18 months adjusted age (p = .05). When weight for height was plotted on a NCHS growth chart, the average weight for height decreased from the 95%ile at the 4 month screening to the 50%ile at the 18 month screen. 116.8cal/kg was the average intake of the 23 formula fed infants at the 4 month screening . All the children had normal developmental screens at 18 months. In this group of low birth weight infants, catch-up growth occurred first as weight and than as height. To demonstrate catch-up growth by 18 months, the results suggests that weight for height should be at least the 95%ile at 4 months actual age. Infants at 4 months who are less than the 95%ile may need additional nutrition support to attain appropriate long term growth rates.
Relationship between pulmonary artery diameter at computed tomography and pulmonary artery pressures at right-sided heart catheterization

Rationale and Objectives. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between pulmonary artery (PA) size at computed tomography (CT) and PA pressures, to develop a noninvasive CT method of PA pressure measurement, and to determine a PA diameter that can enable differentiation of normal subjects from those with ptfimonary hypertension. Methods. PA vessel diameters in 55 candidates for lung and heart-lung transplantation were measured at CT and correlated with PA pressures with both linear and stepwise multiple regression. The multiple regression equations were then tested prospectively in 35 pretransplantation patients. Results. Combined main and left main PA cross-sectional area corrected for body surface area showed the best correlation with mean PA pressure ( r = .87). The multiple regression equations helped predict mean PA pressure within 5 mm Hg in 50% of patients with chronic lung disease and in only 8% of patients with pulmonary vascular disease. Conclusion. There was a very good correlation between main and left main PA size and mean PA pressure. At present, however, CT has not demonstrated sufficient accuracy to be used clinically.
Charge transport through self-assembled monolayers of compounds of interest in molecular electronics.

The electrical properties of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on metal surfaces have been explored for a series of molecules to address the relation between the behavior of a molecule and its structure. We probed interfacial electron transfer processes, particularly those involving unoccupied states, of SAMs of thiolates or arylates on Au by using shear force-based scanning probe microscopy (SPM) combined with current−voltage (i − V) and current−distance (i − d) measurements. The i − V curves of hexadecanethiol in the low bias regime were symmetric around 0 V and the current increased exponentially with V at high bias voltage. Different than hexadecanethiol, reversible peak-shaped i − V characteristics were obtained for most of the nitro-based oligo(phenylene ethynylene) SAMs studied here, indicating that part of the conduction mechanism of these junctions involved resonance tunneling. These reversible peaked i − V curves, often described as a negative differential resistance (NDR) effect of the junction,...
Iron at high pressure: Linearized-augmented-plane-wave computations in the generalized-gradient approximation

General potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave computations using the generalized-gradient approximation (GGA) of Perdew and Wang (PW-II) show excellent agreement with the measured equations of state of bcc and hcp phases to over 300 GPa, the bcc to hcp phase transition pressure, and the bcc magnetic moment. The results are a significant improvement over the local-spin-density approximation and the earlier PW-1 GGA functional. The bcc phase is mechanically unstable at high pressure with respect to a tetragonal strain, and is thus unlikely to exist in the earth's inner core.
Restricted virus multiplication and movement of tomato mosaic virus in resistant tomato somaclones

Somaclonally-derived resistance from fully tomato mosaic virus (ToMV)-susceptible tomato (Lycopersion esculentum, Mill.) was compared to resistance conferred by other known ToMV resistance genes in tomato. Plants were challenged by the common tomato mosaic virus strain (ToMV-O) under different conditions, by different tobacco strains and by tobacco etch virus (TEV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Resistance was limited to ToMV-O and the closely related of Flavum strain TMV (TMV-Fl) and was found to be stable at high temperatures (28–30°C). The systemic movement of the virus was restricted in resistant somaclone lines as compared to susceptible tomato plants. The movement of virus was also monitored in reciprocal grafts of resistant and susceptible plants. Transport of virus from inoculated rootstock was limited in both positions, with resistant material as scion or rootstock. The presence of virus was detected at the cellular level by releasing protoplasts from inoculated plants and using immunofluorescent staining to detect virus coat protein. In resistant somaclones, the rate of virus infection was very low (<0.1% of protoplasts with virus). In some resistant plants the percentage of infected protoplasts was high (65%) but the infected protoplasts had only moderate levels of virus present.
Using automatically generated invariants for regression testing and bug localization

We present Preambl, an approach that applies automatically generated invariants to regression testing and bug localization. Our invariant generation methodology is Precis, an automatic and scalable engine that uses program predicates to guide clustering of dynamically obtained path information. In this paper, we apply it for regression testing and for capturing program predicates information to guide statistical analysis based bug localization. We present a technique to localize bugs in paths of variable lengths. We are able to map the localized post-deployment bugs on a path to pre-release invariants generated along that path. Our experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the use of PRECIS for regression testing, as well as the ability of Preambl to zone in on relevant segments of program paths.
Synthesis of Oxygen-Containing Spirobipyrrolidinium Salts for High Conductivity Room Temperature Ionic Liquids

Synthesis of ionic liquids (IL) based on oxygen-containing spirobipyrrolidinium salts with BF4, BF3C2F5, and NTf2 as counterions was undertaken. Their physical and electrochemical properties were evaluated for suitability for Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTIL) application. Reduction in melting point occurred upon exchange of C(2) by an O-atom of spirobipyrrolidinium, without sacrificing the electrochemical stability; while introduction of alkyl groups between the N- and O-atoms led to incorporation of asymmetry, and hence reduced the melting points, and viscosity.
Shock-Wave Initiation of Chemical Reactions in Inorganic Powders

A new estimate of the threshold condition is proposed for shock-induced chemical reactions in inorganic powder mixtures. The condition is based on a concept of energy balance whereby a sudden increase in interface areas is equated to fluctuating local kinetic energy. Estimates based on the analysis for Ni/Al and Ti/Si compare well with recent real time measurements.
On the distribution of caffeic acid and the chlorogenic acid isomers in plants

Abstract 1. 1. The silicic acid column technique described by Bulen et al. (9) has been used in a study of the distribution of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid isomers in plants. Ultraviolet-absorption measurements and titration with alkali were used for the detection of these acids. 2. 2. Resolution into five bands was achieved. Four of these bands had peak effluent volumes that coincided with caffeic acid, isochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, and neochlorogenic acid. Pseudochlorogenic acid was not detected. Free caffeic acid appears to be absent or only a minor component in most plants. Of the eleven plant sources examined, six had the chlorogenic acid band as the major caffeic acid derivative. Only in sweet-potato peelings did the isochlorogenic acid band account for more than 50 % of the total. In all the members of the Prunus family studied, the neochlorogenic acid band comprised the greatest fraction of the chlorogenic acid isomers. 3. 3. One band which was eluted between chlorogenic acid and neochlorogenic acid may be a new caffeic acid derivative and has been designated “Band 510.” This material was isolated from green coffee beans as a noncrystalline solid. 4. 4. The silicic acid column has been used for the isolation of crystalline chlorogenic acid from blueberry leaves.
A Novel Communications Protocol Using Geographic Routing for Swarming Uavs Performing a Search Mission

This paper develops a novel communications protocol for autonomous swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) searching a 2-dimensional grid. The search protocol, the UAV Search Mission Protocol (USMP), combines inter-UAV communication with geographic routing to improve search efficiency in terms of total searches, distance traveled by UAVs, and the minimization of UAV direction changes. By determining where search state updates impact search decisions, messages are geographically routed to improve search efficiency. USMP and the geographic greedy perimeter stateless routing (GPSR) protocol are studied via simulation using OPNET Modeler 12.0. Geographic routing degrades performance by at least 20% in total searches and distance traveled, but improves direction changes by 6.7%. Overall, USMP improves performance by as much as 188% compared to scenarios without inter-UAV communication.
An Analysis of Teaching Competencies of Junior Faculty with Different Levels of Graduate Teaching Assistant Experiences

This casual–comparative study was conducted to determine the professional development needs of teaching faculty with fewer than 6 years of university teaching experience (= 67). Faculty were compared on the level of teaching assistantship responsibility during their graduate degree program. The purpose of this article is to provide faculty development officers with fundamental considerations for achieving quality professional development with junior faculty based on previous teaching experience. This study found professional development needs should be tailored based on teaching assistant experiences.
Characterization of Pd catalysts supported on USY zeolites with different SiO2/Al2O3 ratios for the hydrogenation of naphthalene in the presence of benzothiophene

Abstract A series of ultra-stable Y-type (USY) zeolites with different SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratios in the range of 10–80 were used as supports for preparing Pd/USY at 2 wt% Pd loading. The FT-IR of hydroxyl groups of USY zeolites, the n -butylamine chemisorption and the temperature-programmed desorption were used in combination to characterize the zeolite acidity. TPR, H 2 -TPD and chemisorption using H 2 were used to characterize the Pd reduction and dispersion. The hydrogenation of naphthalene was conducted at 200 °C in the presence of benzothiophene at different sulfur/metal ratios. The hydrogenation activity, selectivity, and the sulfur tolerance strongly depended on the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio (thus the acidity) of the zeolites. The activity decreased with increasing SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 in this range. The IR and n -butylamine TPD showed that both the amount and strength of Bronsted acidity decreased with the increase of the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio. The good relationship between the acidity modification and catalytic performance suggests that the sulfur tolerance of Pd/USY zeolite might be due to the desired metal-support interaction, which resulted in larger amount of electron-deficient Pd. However, as shown in TGA and TPO-IR studies, the higher hydrogenation performance on more acidic zeolite also caused higher amount of carbonaceous species on the catalyst.
Locomotor activity in juvenile Norway rats as a function of amount of filial huddling at 5-9 days of age

Norway rat pups (Rattus norvegicus, Long-Evans strain) were studied using a two-phase procedure to determine the effect of amount of filial huddling on later emotionality-activity when tested in a novel apparatus. The infant rats (54 males, 54 females) were raised in litters of reduced size and housed with their dams throughout the study. During Phase 1 of testing, each litter was observed without the dam present to determine the number of different siblings in physical contact with each pup in the huddle clump. Repeated observations were made of pups between 5 and 9 days of age. Total sibling contacts were used as a score representing the amount of filial huddling experienced by each pup. Before Phase 2 began, each pup was assigned, according to sex, to one of three groups (n= 18 pups/group), based on the amount of filial huddling experienced in Phase 1: low, medium, and high huddling. During Phase 2, all subjects were tested individually in a shuttle-cage apparatus at 15 and 20 days of age. The frequency of shuttle crossovers was measured and used as an emotionality-activity score. Results indicated that significantly more activity was demonstrated by the high-huddling group. These results are contrasted with data from experimental studies of isolation-induced hyperactivity in juvenile rats and related to general principles of attachment theory.
Backward masking of gratings varying in spatial frequency

Previous research tested the susceptibility to backward masking of disk-shaped targets with varying numbers of internal pie-shaped segments. In general, the greater the number of segments, the harder was the target to detect (spatial forced-choice task) and also the harder to mask. Furthermore, certain targets were unmaskable and the detectability of others was enhanced by the masking stimulus (a black ring). The present experiment tested the generality of those findings using, as targets, disks with internal segments comprising gratings varying in spatial frequency; the earlier results were generally replicated, except that there was little evidence of backward enhancement.
Viscosity of β-D-Glucan as a Factor in the Enzymatic Improvement of Barley for Chicks

Abstract Cotton cellulose (0 to 6%) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (0 to 3%) were added to corn and barley basal diets for chicks. Growth to 3 weeks of age was not significantly depressed by cotton cellulose in the corn basal diet, but growth was reduced by cotton cellulose in the barley diet. Hydroxyethyl cellulose reduced growth in both corn and barley diets. Trichoderma reesei cellulase alleviated growth depression by hydroxyethyl cellulose. Granite grit was included in barley feed at up to 4% of the diet without altering growth. Granite grit apparently promoted the release of β-D-glucan from barley endosperm. β-D-Glucan was isolated from intestinal contents of chicks fed a barley diet. The preparation was assayed for glucose content by high-performance chromatography and the polymer structure was confirmed by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. Reducing sugar analysis of β-D-glucan indicated a molecular weight of about 47,000. The polymer was also assayed by gel filtration to confirm the polymer size. Cellulase activity of a T. reesei preparation was assayed on the β-D-glucan isolate. Based on this assay the growth improvement of chicks fed enzyme-supplemented barley diets could not be due to improved glucose availability from β-D-glucan.
Calcineurin subunit B is required for normal vegetative growth in Neurospora crassa.

Abstract A series of Neurospora crassa mutants affected in the ability to regulate entry into conidiation (an asexual developmental program) were isolated by using an insertional mutagenesis procedure followed by a screening protocol. One of the mutants isolated by this approach consisted entirely of cells with an abnormal morphology. The mutant produces chains of swollen septated cells. The developmentally regulated ccg-1 gene is constitutively expressed in these cells, suggesting that they have entered the conidial developmental program. The insertionally disrupted gene cnb-1 was isolated by plasmid rescue and found to encode calcineurin B, the regulatory subunit of the Ca 2+ and calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin. The data demonstrate that calcineurin B is required for normal vegetative growth in N. crassa and suggest that the cnb-1 mutant is unable to repress entry into the asexual developmental program. The results suggest that Ca 2+ may play an important role in regulating fungal morphology.
The reflection of impulses from a nonlinear random sea

A model of the reflection of radar impulses from the sea at near-vertical incidence is used to account for non-Gaussian ocean waves statistics. The joint probability density function (pdf), of wave height and slope, is calculated according to the theory of Longuet-Higgins (1963) on the distribution of variables in a 'weakly nonlinear' random era. The long-crested approximation is made, a Phillips wave spectrum is assumed, and the Gram-Charlier series is truncated after skewness terms. It is found that the height and height-slope skewness coefficients bear the ratio 1:2 and that the derived impulse response and conditional cross section versus wave height are in excellent agreement with previous observations. Finally, it is suggested that the empirically determined and theoretically predicted sea state bias be corrected for in the routine processing of satellite radar altimeter data.
Salmonella Contamination Associated with Bacterial Soft Rot of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables in the Marketplace

ABSTRACT Wash water from 66% of 401 samples of fresh fruits and vegetables collected in the marketplace and affected by bacterial soft rot were positive for suspected strains of Salmonella, i.e., b...
Radical vulvectomy with postoperative irradiation for vulvar cancer: Therapeutic implications of a central block

Abstract Purpose/Objective: To report the long-term results of vulvectomy, node dissection, and postoperative nodal irradiation using a midline vulvar block in patients with node positive vulvar cancer. Methods and Materials: From 1971 through 1992, 27 patients with carcinoma of the vulva and histologically involved inguinal lymph nodes were treated postoperatively with radiation therapy after radical vulvectomy and bilateral lymphadenectomy ( n = 25), radical vulvectomy and unilateral lymphadenectomy ( n = 1), or hernivulvectomy and bilateral lymphadenectomy ( n = 1). Federation Internationale de Gynecologic et d'Obstetrique stages were III ( n = 14), IVA ( n = 8), and IVB ( n = 5) squamous cell carcinoma. Inguinal lymph nodes were involved with tumor in all patients (average number positive=4, range 1–15). Postoperative irradiation was directed at the bilateral groin and pelvic nodes ( n = 19), unilateral groin and pelvic nodes ( n = 6), or unilateral groin only ( n = 1). These 26 patients had the midline blocked. In addition, one patient received irradiation to the entire pelvis and perineum. Doses ranged from 10.8 to 50.7 Gy (median 45.5) with all patients except I receiving ≥ 42.0 Gy. Results: Actuarial 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival estimates were 40% and 35%, respectively. Recurrences developed in 63% (17/27) of the patients at a median of 9 months from surgery (range 3 months to 6 years) and 15 of these have died; two patients with recurrences are surviving at 24 and 96 months after further surgery and radiation therapy. Central recurrences (under the midline block) were present in 13 of these 17 patients (76%), either as central only ( n = 8), central and regional ( n = 4), or central and distant ( n = 1). Additionally, three patients developed regional recurrences and one patient developed a concurrent regional and distant relapse. One patient developed a squamous cell cancer of the anus under the midline block 54 months after the initial vulvar cancer and an additional patient developed transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter (outside the radiation field) 12 months after diagnosis. Factors associated with a decreased relapse-free survival included increasing Federation Internationale de Gynecologic et d'Obstetrique stage ( p = 0.01) and invasion of the tumor into the subcutaneous (SC) fat or deep soft tissue ( p = 0.05). Chronic lower extremity edema developed in four patients, but there have been no other complications. Conclusions: Radical vulvectomy has often been considered sufficient central treatment for vulvar carcinoma, with postoperative irradiation directed only to the nodes. Although designed to protect the radiosensitive vulva, use of a midline block in this series resulted in a 48% (13/27) central recurrence rate, much higher than the 8.5% rate previously reported with this technique. Routine use of the midline block should be abandoned and, instead, post-operative irradiation volumes should be tailored to the individual patient.
ANALYSIS OF RECEPTOR-LIGAND INTERACTIONS

Extensive description and analysis of receptor-ligand interactions, including how the number of potential binding sites on a receptor and the affinity of each binding site for its ligand may be determined.
Reduction of lipoprotein(a) following treatment with lovastatin in patients with unremitting nephrotic syndrome

Pharmocologic treatment of the hyperlipidemia associated with the nephrotic syndrome with lovastatin has been previously shown to be safe and effective. However, there is no information on the effect of lovastatin treatment on plasma lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels in patients with the nephrotic syndrome. We administered lovastatin (40 to 80 mg/day) to 20 adult patients with unremitting nephrotic syndrome for 8 weeks to assess its effect on plasma Lp(a) and other plasma lipid concentrations. Apoprotein(a) (apo(a)) phenotype was determined in all patients. Patients were grouped according to their plasma Lp(a) levels. Those with elevated plasma Lp(a) (> or = 30 mg/dL) were placed in group I and those with normal Lp(a) levels (< 30 mg/dL) were placed in group II. Mean total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were similarly and significantly reduced in groups I and II (-35.9% and -43.3%, P < 0.0005, P < 0.0005 group I, and -31.0% and -42.0%, P < 0.02, P < 0.03 group II, respectively). The median reduction in plasma Lp(a) was -32% (P < 0.003) in nephrotic patients in group I, whereas the median decline in plasma Lp(a) levels in nephrotic patients in group II was only -8.0% (P = 0.052). The overall frequency of the high molecular weight (M(r)) apo(a) phenotype S4 was 70% in nephrotic patients. There was no correlation between plasma Lp(a) and apo(a) phenotype. Treatment with lovastatin results in a favorable response in terms of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering in patients with the nephrotic syndrome; however, plasma Lp(a) levels are uniformly and significantly reduced only in nephrotic patients with elevated baseline plasma Lp(a) concentrations. There was no correlation between plasma Lp(a) concentration and other lipid and biochemical parameters.
Diffraction of electromagnetic waves by transparent edges

We have measured the diffraction pattern of the edge of a transparent sheet for plane-polarized microwaves (λ = 3.0 cm) for angles of incidence from 0° to 45°. The material was expanded polyurethane (Styrofoam) with index of refraction 1.0150 (that of air being 1.0003). The thickness of the sheet, and thus of the rectangular edge, varied from 1.7 to 13.5 wavelengths. Our initial purpose was to study the diffraction of microwaves by phase objects, as an analog that might indicate general ways of improving the contrast in images of phase objects obtained with an electron microscope and, in particular, ways of explaining electron edge diffraction. The high contrast of as much as 2 to 1 of irradiance of the edge pattern for material of such high transparency (99.5% for thickness of 3.4 wavelengths) was surprising. We have explained the major features of our results on the basis of Huygens’s principle and Fresnel’s equations for reflection and refraction at the surface of the edge of finite thickness.
Metalloradical Complexes of Manganese and Chromium Featuring an Oxidatively Rearranged Ligand

Redox events involving both metal and ligand sites are receiving increased attention since a number of biological processes direct redox equivalents toward functional residues. Metalloradical synthetic analogues remain scarce and require better definition of their mode of formation and subsequent operation. The trisamido-amine ligand [(RNC6H4)3N]3-, where R is the electron-rich 4-t-Bu Ph, is employed in this study to generate redox active residues in manganese and chromium complexes. Solutions of [(L1)Mn(II)-THF]- in THF are oxidized by dioxygen to afford [(L1re-1)Mn(III)-(O)2-Mn(III)(L1 re-1)]2-as the major product. The rare dinuclear manganese (III,III) core is stabilized by a rearranged ligand that has undergone an one-electron oxidative transformation, followed by retention of the oxidation equivalent as a pi radical in ano-diiminobenzosemiquinonate moiety. Magnetic studies indicate that the ligand-centered radical is stabilized by means of extended antiferromagnetic coupling between the S ) 1/2 radical and the adjacent S ) 2 Mn(III) site, as well as between the two Mn(III) centers via the dioxo bridge. Electrochemical and EPR data suggest that this system can store higher levels of oxidation potency. Entry to the corresponding Cr(III) chemistry is achieved by employing CrCl3 to access both[(L1)Cr(III)-THF] and [(L1re-1)Cr(III)-THF(Cl)], featuring the intact and the oxidatively rearranged ligands, respectively. The latter is generated by ligand-centered oxidation of the former compound. The rearranged ligand is perceived to be the product of an one-electron oxidation of the intact ligand to afford a metal-bound aminyl radical that subsequently mediates a radical 1,4-(N-to-N) aryl migration.
Development of Mineral Processing Flowsheet for Hematite Benefication in Yezhugou, Liaoning, China

A lager amount of iron ore is to be exploited in Yezhugou region, Liaoning Province. Analysis indicated that the main valuable mineral was fine-grained hematite and the total iron content was 28.22%. A process flowsheet of gravity concentrtion - high intensity magnetic separartion – reverse flotation was established, and operating conditions of each operation were also determined through batch tests. In closed-circut tests under the same operation conditions, the following results were obtained: iron content of the concentrate 64.95%, concentrate recovery 81.04%, and iron content of the tailings 8.26%.
Traveling solitary wave solutions to the generalized Boussinesq equation

Abstract In this paper, we are concerned with the generalized Boussinesq equation including the singularly sixth-order Boussinesq equation, which describes the bi-directional propagation of small amplitude and long capillary-gravity waves on the surface of shallow water for bond number less than but very close to 1/3. By the means of two proper ansatzs, we obtain explicit traveling solitary wave solutions to the generalized Boussinesq equation.
Left ventricular work and power: Circumferential, radial and longitudinal components. Mathematical derivation and characteristic variation with left ventricular dysfunction

Cardiac work and power, defined as the wall stress-velocity product per unit volume, have been derived with respect to a circumferential, radial and longitudinal component for the human left ventricle during a complete cardiac cycle. Thirty-nine patients, comprising five clinical groups, were evaluated using pressure and volume data acquired from single-plane cineangiography. The results indicate that work and power are divided into approximately 60% circumferential, 23% radial and 17% longitudinal components for normals. Characteristic variations from normal are presented for selected pathological case studies. With a compensated volume overload patient, diastolic work and power are uniformly reduced in all three directions and systolic radial power approximately equals longitudinal power. With a decompensated volume overload patient, systolic radial power is greater than longitudinal power. With a compensated pressure overload patient, systolic radial work and power are greatly elevated as compared to the normals and represent about 30% of the total work and power, while longitudinal work and power represent only about 8% of the total. With a congestive cardiomyopathy patient, systolic work and power are greatly reduced in all three directions as compared to normals.
Primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the uterus: a report of two cases and review of the literature.

Abstract Background . Primary primitive neuroectodermal (pPNET) tumors rarely occur in adults, and they very rarely present as primary tumors of the uterus. Only 12 reported cases of pPNET of the uterus have been published in the English literature. We report two additional cases treated at the Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, between 1999 and 2002. Cases . Two postmenopausal patients presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding underwent endometrial biopsy, and subsequently staging laparotomy. The diagnosis of pPNET in both cases was confirmed only by extensive immunohistochemical analysis of the tumors. One patient with disease confined to an endometrial polyp received no adjuvant therapy, while the second patient with extrauterine disease received adjuvant pelvic radiation followed by chemotherapy. Conclusions . The diagnosis of pPNET of the uterus may be a challenge. Features of diagnostic significance include positive staining with neuron-specific enolase, presence of neurosecretory granules, and positive staining with the MIC-2 gene. Currently, there is no uniformity in the treatment of these cases since the majority of the patients reported to date have had surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy.
Neuronal activity of somatosensory cortex in a cross-modal (visuo-haptic) memory task

Studies have shown that in the monkey′s associative cerebral cortex, cells undergo sustained activation of discharge while the animal retains information for a subsequent action. Recent work has revealed the presence of such ″memory cells″ in the anterior parietal cortex (Brodmann′s areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2) – the early stage of the cortical somatosensory system. Here we inferred that, in a cross-modal visuo-haptic short-term memory task, somatosensory cells would react to visual stimuli associated with tactile features. Single-unit discharge was recorded from the anterior parietal cortex – including areas of hand representation – of monkeys performing a visuo-haptic delayed matching-to-sample task. Units changed firing frequency during the presentation of a visual cue that the animal had to remember for making a correct tactile choice between two objects at the end of a delay (retention period). Some units showed sustained activation during the delay. In some of them that activation differed depending on the cue. These findings suggest that units in somatosensory cortex react to visual stimuli behaviorally associated with tactile information. Further, the results suggest that some of these neurons are involved in short-term active memory and may, therefore, be part of cross-modal memory networks.
Arithmetic program paths

We present Arithmetic Program Paths, a novel, efficient way to compress program control-flow traces that reduces program bit traces to less than a fifth of their original size while being fast and memory efficient. In addition, our method supports online, selective tracing and compression of individual conditionals, trading off memory usage and compression rate. We achieve these properties by recording only the directions taken by conditional statements during program execution, and using arithmetic coding for compression. We provide the arithmetic coder with a probability distribution for each conditional that we obtain using branch prediction techniques. We implemented the technique and experimented on several SPEC 2000 programs. Our method matches the compression rate of state-of-the-art tools while being an order of magnitude faster.
Network coding aware power control in wireless networks

In the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in the area of network coding in terms of theory, code design, and applications. However, from a cross-layer perspective, there have been fewer efforts on understanding the impact of lower layers on coding of packets at network layer to improve the network throughput. In this paper, we study and design power control that can enhance the performance of random network coding in wireless networks. Specifically, we utilize a differential equation based framework to analyze random network coding throughput, and design dynamic power control algorithm to achieve higher multicast throughput.
[D-Ala2,Leu5,Cys6]enkephalin: short-term agonist effects and long-term antagonism at delta opioid receptors.

Abstract Four experiments were conducted. Two examined the in vivo short-term effects ( 2 days) of the synthetic enkephalin analogue, [D-Ala 2 ,Leu 5 ,Cys 6 ]enkephalin (DALCE). In the short term, DALCE was found to produce analgesia and transient immobility after intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration. We found a dose-related increase in paw-lick latency for rats placed on a hotplate (52°C). In the second experiment, we determined that immobility was attenuated by pretreatment with naltrexone methobromide (QNTX, 0.1 μg), and the δ selective antagonist, 16-methyl cyprenorphine (M80, 5 μg). QNTX and M80 significantly attenuated DALCE-induced immobility by more than 50% of control. Paw-lick latency was then measured on the hotplate to assess analgesia. Pretreatment with M80 reliably attenuated the DALCE-induced analgesia. Whereas QNTX failed to reliably attenuate paw-lick latency on the first trial, it was as effective as M80 on the second trial. We suggest that the short-term agonist effects of DALCE are produced by actions at μ and δ opioid receptors as would be predicted from prior in vitro studies showing moderate to high affinity, respectively, at these receptors. In the third experiment, DALCE was shown to display long-term behavioral antagonism that was selective for the δ receptor. Rats were injected ICV with 6.7 μg of DALCE and tested 48 hr later. Analgesia was measured by injecting 15% formalin subcutaneously followed 20 min later by an ICV injection of one of three selective opioid agonists (DAGO, DPDPE or U50488H). At the doses tested, these agonists produced an equivalent level of analgesia as indicated by reduction in formalin-induced behavior. DPDPE-induced analgesia was completely blocked by pretreatment with DALCE but analgesia produced by DAGO and U50488H was not affected. These data suggest that in vivo, DALCE acts like a long-term (irreversible) antagonist selective for δ receptors. The fourth experiment tested DALCE's ability to reverse conditional fear-induced analgesia that has previously been shown to involve δ receptors. Rats received footshocks in an observation chamber and were injected ICV with DALCE (6.7 μg) or saline either 24,48 or 72 hr prior to testing. DALCE was equally effective at increasing formalin-induced behavior in rats treated at each interval. DALCE's reversal of conditional analgesia 72 hr after injection suggests that this peptide acts like an irreversible antagonist. Our results support a role for δ receptor involvement in the expression of conditional analgesia.
Additive colour properties and colour gamut of cholesteric liquid crystals

LIQUID crystals are organic compounds in a state of matter intermediate between the isotropic liquid and crystaline solid. They are fluid but at the same time they exhibit molecular order. Depending on the ordering one distinguishes the smectic, the nematic and the cholesteric liquid crystals1 (CLC). In the latter, the rod-like molecules are arranged in layers with their long axes parallel to each other. In each successive layer the direction of the long axis is rotated by an angle of 10–20 arc min; the molecules then form a helical structure. The spacing between layers differing by an angle of 360° is called the pitch, p. Due to the periodicity of molecular orientation, reflections from all layers separated by p/2 interfere constructively2, if the reflected wavelengths equal the product of the pitch and the refractive indices seen by the wave. This condition is met for a band of wavelength that is relatively narrow and steep and appears as a highly saturated colour2,3. The width of the band equals the product of the pitch and the difference of the two refractive indices of birefringence. Colours produced by such constructive interference, sometimes described as irridescent colours, have also been observed in certain beetles, birds and butterflies4. We report here results of experiments showing that colours of superimposed CLC coatings add like coloured lights and produce a colour gamut greater than that obtained with inks, dyes and pigments.
Models of Nitric Oxide Synthase: Iron(III) Porphyrin-Catalyzed Oxidation of Fluorenone Oxime to Nitric Oxide and Fluorenone

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is a heme-containing monoxygenase that catalyzes the oxidation of l-arginine to l-citrulline and NO in two steps. In the second step of the NOS reaction, citrulline and NO are generated from the heme-catalyzed 3-electron oxidation of l-N-hydroxyarginine. To model this unusual reaction, iron porphyrin-catalyzed oxygenations of oximes with O2 were investigated. The oxidation of fluorenone oxime and a stoichiometric amount of hydroxoiron(III) porphyrin (Fe(OH)P, P = TMP and TPFPP) with O2 in benzene generated Fe(NO)P, fluorenone, and O-(9-nitro-9-fluorenyl)fluorenone oxime. The X-ray crystal structure of the oxime ether product suggests that it originated from the dimerization of the fluorenyl iminoxy radicals. Detailed analysis of this reaction showed that the oxime reacted first with Fe(OH)P to generate a 5-coordinate, high-spin oximatoiron(III) porphyrin species [Fe(oximate)P]. The X-ray crystal structure of oximatoiron(III) tetrakis(2,6-dichlorophenyl)porphyrin [Fe(oximate)TDC...
Resonance Raman spectra of the II-cation radicals of copper, cobalt, and nickel methyloctaethylchlorins: vibrational characteristics of chlorophyll models.

— By using excitation at 363.8 nm, resonance Raman (RR) spectra were obtained for Cu(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) complexes of methyloctaethylchlorin (MeOEC) and their ir-cation radicals. Additionally, the Raman spectra of the Cu(II) derivatives of (rarcs-octaethylchlorin (r-OEC) were included for comparison. The alkyl-substituted CuMeOEC exhibits a Raman spectrum that is nearly identical to that of the simpler (-CuOEC in both the neutral and oxidized states. Unlike the latter species, the cation radical of CuMeOEC is immune to oxidative dehydrogenation to porphyrin, and this has facilitated vibrational characterization of the ring-oxidized species. This study aims to compare the vibrational characteristics in the 1450 to 1700 cm-t region of the metallochlorin ir-cation radicals to those of the corresponding oxidized metalloporphyrins. We focus on two modes in the1500–1520 cm-1 and1620–1650 cm-1 region that are analogous to the v3 and v10 vibrations, respectively, in the metalloporphyrin analogs. These vibrational modes are clearly defined in all species and exhibit a strong core-size dependency in the porphyrin complexes. The core-size study as well as the frequency changes upon oxidation support the conclusion that the v3-like vibration in the chlorin species features substantial CbCb in addition to CaCm stretching character. The v,0-like mode of the chlorin macrocycle, on the other hand, displays characteristics that closely resembles that of the porphyrin analog; consequently, these vibrations are of predominantly CaCm stretching character in both cases.
Centrifugal distortion in weakly bound linear triatomic molecules

Abstract A simple formula is derived for the centrifugal distortion constant of a linear triatomic molecule in which one of the chemical bonds is much weaker than the other. The derivation is in complete analogy with the standard semiclassical diatomic derivation and results in the equation D J = [ 4B e 3 (hv) 2 ][1 − ( B e b e )] , where Be, ν, and be are, respectively, the triatomic rotational constant, the low stretching frequency, and the rotational constant of the strongly bound diatomic part of the triatomic molecule.
On higher order derivatives of Lyapunov functions

This note is concerned with a class of differential inequalities in the literature that involve higher order derivatives of Lyapunov functions and have been proposed to infer asymptotic stability of a dynamical system without requiring the first derivative of the Lyapunov function to be negative definite. We show that whenever a Lyapunov function satisfies these conditions, we can explicitly construct another (standard) Lyapunov function that is positive definite and has a negative definite first derivative. Our observation shows that a search for a standard Lyapunov function parameterized by higher order derivatives of the vector field is less conservative than the previously proposed conditions. Moreover, unlike the previous inequalities, the new inequality can be checked with a convex program. This is illustrated with an example where sum of squares optimization is used.
Stabilized nonlinear regression for interferogram analysis

A simple but accurate regression method for reducing the conventional single-frame interferograms that primarily arise in flow and heat-transfer measurements is proposed and tested. Phase extraction from the nonlinear interferogram intensity model becomes an ill-posed nonuniqueness problem. Unlike previous regression techniques, the method is based on iterative independent estimation of the individual terms appearing in the model to resolve this problem. Testing demonstrates stable convergence under a wide range of fringe numbers and noise levels. In comparison with the Fourier transform method the regression method provides enhanced accuracy, especially for cases involving few fringes, opaque boundaries, and phase discontinuities. It also allows direct gradient calculation. These features are very attractive for flow measurements despite its slow processing time.
Sleep in women across the life cycle from adulthood through menopause

Studies of sleep across the life cycle in women have utilized both survey and polysomnographic techniques, but have tended to be of small sample size with diverse methodology. As a result, definitive conclusions about the impact of the menstrual cycle and use of oral contraceptives on sleep parameters cannot yet be made. Sleep disruption during pregnancy and postpartum is nearly universal, but effective and practical countermeasures are still needed. Longitudinal studies of sleep in the postpartum period are also lacking. Menopause is associated with insomnia due to several factors including hot flashes, mood disorders and increased sleep-disordered breathing. The use of hormone replacement therapy to treat sleep and other variables is an active area of investigation. In summary, much research is required to fully elucidate the impact of the life cycle on sleep parameters in women.
The Women's Movement In Latin America: Participation And Democracy

* Introduction: From Transition to ParticipationWomens Movements and Democratic Politics Jane S. Jaquette. * The (Trans)formation of Feminism(s) and Gender Politics in Democratizing Brazil Sonia E. Alvarez. * From Dictatorship to Democracy: The Womens Movement in Chile Patricia M. Chuchryk. * Women and Democracy in Argentina Mara del Carmen Feijo with Marcela Mara Alejandra Nari. * The Uses of Conservatism: Womens Democratic Politics in Uruguay Carina Perelli. * The Difficult Equilibrium Between Bread and Roses: Womens Organizations and Democracy in Peru Maruja Barrig. * Feminism, Revolution, and Democratic Transitions in Nicaragua Norma Stoltz Chinchilla. * Womens Movements, Feminism, and Mexican Politics Carmen Ramos Escandn. * Conclusion: Womens Political Participation and the Prospects for Democracy J. S. Jaquette.
Mutational Analysis of the Roles of Residues in Escherichia coli Elongation Factor Ts in the Interaction with Elongation Factor Tu

The crystal structure of the Escherichia coli elongation factor (EF)-Tu·Ts complex indicates that there are extensive contacts between EF-Tu and EF-Ts. To determine the importance of these contacts in the interaction between E. coli EF-Tu and EF-Ts, residues in EF-Ts at the interface of these two proteins were mutated. The binding constants governing the interaction of the resulting EF-Ts variants with E. coliEF-Tu were determined. The effects of these mutations on the ability of EF-Ts to stimulate GDP exchange with EF-Tu·GDP and on its ability to stimulate the activity of EF-Tu in polymerization were tested. The results indicate that Arg-12, Met-19, and Met-20 in the N-terminal domain of EF-Ts and His-147 and Lys-166 and/or His-167 in subdomain C of EF-Ts are crucial in the interaction between EF-Tu and EF-Ts. Lys-23, Val-234, Met-235, and the C-terminal helix h13 are less important. The binding constants of the EF-Ts variants governing their interactions with EF-Tu correlate well with their activities in stimulating GDP exchange with EF-Tu. Mutations prepared in EF-Tu indicate that His-19 and Gln-114 but not Glu-348 in EF-Tu are moderately important for its interaction with EF-Ts.