cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distribution and retention of cadmium 109 by the gastrointestinal tract and other organs following intraperitoneal cadmium exposure.

Despite various information on the organ distribution of Cd, relatively little published data are available in the literature about the gastrointestinal absorption and retention of cadmium. Estimates show that absorption of cadmium by the gastrointestinal tract are between 5-10% of the ingested dose. Our recent studies indicated that some gastrointestinal hormones - cholecystokinin (CCK), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and gastrin - were affected with cadmium was infused in combination with bombesin (BBS), a peptide known to stimulate the release of gastrointestinal hormones. whether Cd accumulates in parts of the digestive tract which synthesize these hormones is not known. This study was conducted to determine if Cd is accumulated and retained by organs of the gastrointestinal tract that synthesize these gastrointestinal hormones.
Information Processing by School-Age Children With Specific Language Impairment: Evidence From a Modality Effect Paradigm

School-age children with specific language impairment (SLI) and age-matched controls were tested for immediate recall of digits presented visually, auditorily, or audiovisually. Recall tasks compared speaking and pointing response modalities. Each participant was tested at a level that was consistent with her or his auditory short-term memory span. Traditional effects of primacy, recency, and modality (an auditory recall advantage) were obtained for both groups. The groups performed similarly when audiovisual stimuli were paired with a spoken response, but children with SLI had smaller recency effects together with an unusually poor recall when visually presented items were paired with a pointing response. Such results cannot be explained on the basis of an auditory or speech deficit per se, and suggest that children with SLI have difficulty either retaining or using phonological codes, or both, during tasks that require multiple mental operations. Capacity limitations, involving the rapid decay of phonological representations and/or performance limitations related to the use of less demanding and less effective coding and retrieval strategies, could have contributed to the working memory deficiencies in the children with SLI.
The Comprehensive Support Model for Culturally Diverse Exceptional Learners: Intervention in an Age of Change

Culturally diverse exceptional learners have consistently encountered multidimensional problems that range from misidentification to misinstruction. Rather than focus on innovative intervention tec...
Mobility of hot electrons in n-type InAs

A detailed study of the change in hot-electron mobility with applied electric fields in $n$-type InAs at 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is presented. Both theoretical and experimental results are presented. Electron-electron collisions are assumed to be sufficiently frequent to determine the energy and momentum distribution of the electrons. The effects of ionized-impurity scattering are included in the momentum balance equation. The nonparabolicity of the conduction band is included in the theoretical calculation. The effect of the overlap integral which results in the nonparabolicity is included in the manner of Ehrenreich by utilizing several terms of the scattering matrix element. For low electric field (150 V/cm), a slight increase (approximately 10%) in the mobility with applied electric field is observed. For higher electric fields (g150 V/cm), a strong decrease in the mobility with applied electric field occurs. This decrease is observed up to the point of impact ionization at approximately 800 V/cm.
Towards a perpetual wireless sensor node

We report our experimental findings on a perpetual wireless sensor node. Our perpetual node is based on the integration of a wireless sensor node that runs IEEE 802.15.4e technology on TI's MSP430 with a solar energy harvesting module that is based on TI's bq25504 modules. We show that by default running the time synchronized channel hopping (TSCH) MAC layer draws more power than the harvester is able to provide. To close that gap, enhancements that improve the power efficiency of TSCH protocol are described and results are presented. The enhancements proposed consist of shared slot suppression, slotframe skipping, and connection setup time reduction. It is shown that even with these enhancements consumed power is still greater than harvested power. We provide future directions on how to further reduce consumed power at the node.
UTILIZATION OF FLY ASH FOR STABILIZATION/SOLIDIFICATION OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATED SOILS

Abstract Pozzolanic-based stabilization/solidification (S/S) is an effective, yet economic remediation technology to immobilize heavy metals in contaminated soils and sludges. In the present study, fly ash waste materials were used along with quicklime (CaO) to immobilize lead, trivalent and hexavalent chromium present in artificially contaminated clayey sand soils. The degree of heavy metal immobilization was evaluated using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) as well as controlled extraction experiments. These leaching test results along with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX) analyses were also implemented to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for immobilization of the heavy metals under study. Finally, the reusability of the stabilized waste forms in construction applications was also investigated by performing unconfined compressive strength and swell tests. The experimental results suggest that the controlling mechanism for both lead and hexavalent chromium immobilization is surface adsorption, whereas for trivalent chromium it is hydroxide precipitation. Addition of quicklime and fly ash to the contaminated soils effectively reduced heavy metal leachability well below the nonhazardous regulatory limits. Overall, fly ash addition increases the immobilization pH region for all heavy metals tested, and significantly improves the stress-strain properties of the treated solids, thus allowing their reuse as readily available construction materials. The only potential problem associated with this quicklime–fly ash treatment is the excessive formation of the pozzolanic product ettringite in the presence of sulfates. Ettringite, when brought in contact with water, may cause significant swelling and subsequent deterioration of the stabilized matrix. Addition of minimum amounts of barium hydroxide was shown to effectively eliminate ettringite formation. Overall, due to the presence of very high levels of heavy metal contamination along with sulfates in the solid matrices under study, the results presented herein can be applied to the management of incinerator and coal fly ash, boiler slag and flue gas desulfurization wastes.
Quantized symplectic oscillator algebras of rank one

A quantized symplectic oscillator algebra of rank 1 is a PBW deformation of the smash product of the quantum plane with Uq(sl2). We study its representation theory, and in particular, its category O.
The impact of music upon sleep tendency as measured by the multiple sleep latency test and maintenance of wakefulness test

Previous work has shown that background noise or music has a small positive impact on performance during sleep deprivation. The current study examined the effect of background music on the ability to fall asleep or remain awake. Twelve normal-sleeping young adults took multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT) and maintenance of wakefulness tests (MWT) after baseline sleep and one night of total sleep deprivation either with background music or under standard (quiet) conditions. It was hypothesized that the music would help maintain wakefulness both under baseline and sleep deprivation conditions. The results of the study showed that sleep latencies were increased in both MSLT and MWT when music was presented, but that this effect occurred primarily before subjects were sleep-deprived (a significant Music by Sleep Deprivation interaction). Sleep latencies were 15 and 11 min on the MSLT (33 and 26 min on the MWT) with Music as compared to Quiet after baseline sleep. Heart rate, used as a measure of physiological arousal, was significantly elevated in MWT and MSLT trials where music was presented. These data support previous work showing that level of arousal has an impact on measured sleep tendency which is independent of that of the sleep system. On a practical level, these data indicate that music may play a small beneficial role in helping to maintain arousal.
Symmetry of the wave functions in the band theory of ferromagnetic metals.

Wave functions symmetry in band theory of ferromagnetic materials, discussing fcc, bcc and hcp structures and character tables
R-chondrite bulk-chemical compositions and diverse oxides: Implications for parent-body processes

Abstract R chondrites are among the most oxidized chondrite groups; they also have the highest Δ17O values known in whole-rock meteorites. We analyzed R chondrites (six Antarctic, four hot-desert) by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Data for one of the former and three of the latter show large weathering effects, but the remainder show only moderate scatter and permit us to determine trends and mean compositions for the group. Bulk R-chondrite compositions are similar to those in H and L chondrites, but the concentrations of several volatiles, especially Se and Zn, are higher; the more volatile the element, the higher the enrichment in R chondrites relative to H and L. Petrologic types in R chondrites extend as low as 3.6. We determined olivine compositional distributions and studied opaque oxides in 15 R-chondrite thin sections, including a newly discovered R4 clast in Bencubbin (adding to the diversity of chondritic clasts in this polymict breccia) and an R clast in CM2 Murchison. Opaque oxides in R chondrites include nearly pure magnetite, Al-rich chromite, magnetite–chromite solid solution, nearly pure chromite, and ilmenite. This diverse set of opaque phases reflects differing aqueous-alteration conditions. The least equilibrated R chondrites contain nearly pure magnetite but the spinels in metamorphosed R chondrites contain additional components (e.g., Cr2O3 and Al2O3 and some minor cations). The NiO content in olivine correlates with the magnetite component in magnetite–chromite solid solution in equilibrated R chondrites and is a function of the degree of oxidation. The absence of metallic Fe in A-881988 and LAP 031156 indicates a high degree of oxidation; the relatively low-FeO (Fa35) olivine in these rocks in part reflects the conversion of Fe2+ to Fe3+ and its partitioning into magnetite. Oxidation trends in R chondrites are affected by both aqueous alteration and thermal metamorphism. The differing degrees of oxidation in this group reflect differences in local environments on the parent asteroid.
Efficacy of growth factors in the accelerated closure of interstices in explanted meshed human skin grafts

Meshed split-thickness skin grafts, especially when required to be widely spread, do not obtain immediate biologic wound closure. In cases of patients with burns that cover a large percentage of the body surface area, this leaves the patient at risk for metabolic problems and life-threatening infection. Several cytokines and growth factors could theoretically affect the rate of epithelialization and, therefore, the rate of meshed graft interstitial closure. With the use of human meshed skin grafts explanted onto athymic "nude" rats, the epithelialization kinetics of interleukin-4 (IL-4), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF), keratinocyte growth factor-1 (KGF-1), keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF(B2)) were investigated; the results were compared with the rates of epithelialization of grafts treated with a vehicle control. On postoperative day 3, wounds treated with IL-4, KGF-2, bFGF, and TGF(B2) showed a significantly increased rate of interstitial closure (P < .05). On postoperative days 5 and 7, wounds treated with KGF-2, bFGF, and TGF(B2) all exhibited a significantly higher rate of interstitial closure than the grafts in the control group (P < .05). These data suggest that epithelialization kinetics can be accelerated with the use of several topical growth factors, and they provide support for a future clinical trial.
Syndromic diagnosis and management of confirmed mushroom poisonings.

Objective:To assess the evolving global epidemiology of mushroom poisoning and to identify new and emerging mushroom poisonings and their treatments, a descriptive analysis and review of the world’s salient scientific literature on mushroom poisoning was conducted.Data Source:Data sources from obser
The role of the πσ* state in intramolecular charge transfer of 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile

The solvent-polarity dependence and temporal characteristics of the transient absorption of 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile, DMABN, and 4-(dimethylamino)benzethyne, DMABE, demonstrate the presence of the πσ*-state absorption at about 700 nm and the ππ* (LE)-state absorption at about 520 nm and 450 nm. The rise and decay times of the πσ*-state transient differ from those of the ππ*-state transients in both compounds. Moreover, the peak position of the πσ*-state absorption is blue-shifted and more intense in acetonitrile as compared to n-hexane, whereas the band positions of the ππ*-state absorptions are essentially the same in the two solvents. For DMABN in acetonitrile, the rise time (∼4.3 ps) of the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT)-state transient at 330 nm is identical to the decay time of the πσ*-state transient. The 4.8 ns decay time of the TICT-state absorption of DMABN is longer than the 2.9 ns decay time of the intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) fluorescence, indicating that the fluorescent ICT state differs from the TICT state observed in transient absorption. These results are consistent with the presence of a low-lying πσ* state in DMABN (and DMABE), and the role the πσ* state plays in the formation of the TICT state of DMABN.
Cellular mechanisms of opioid tolerance and the clinical approach to the opioid tolerant patient in the post-operative period.

The high prevalence of opioid use for recreational purposes in the USA and the European Union, as well as the use of opioids for the treatment of chronic non-malignant pain, has resulted in an increase in the number of patients with opioid tolerance who undergo surgery and require post-operative pain management. The approach to post-operative pain control in these patients is significantly different to the strategies used in opioid naive patients. Fortunately, better understanding of the cellular mechanisms of opioid tolerance in animals has resulted in the transfer of concepts from the 'bench' to the clinical arena. This chapter describes the new developments in opioid tolerance and how this knowledge can be applied to clinical practice.
Flexible surfaces for interactive audio

We present here flat flexible audio speaker surface arrays, which are transparent, formed to various environments, and allow for user interaction. These speaker arrays provide an alternative to traditional models of sound reproduction, which often involve discreet point source systems and bulky hardware passively received by the user. The surface array system opens up new possibilities for acoustic spaces, creativity, and sound interactivity.
Maize (Zea mays L.) genome diversity as revealed by RNA-sequencing

Maize is rich in genetic and phenotypic diversity. Understanding the sequence, structural, and expression variation that contributes to phenotypic diversity would facilitate more efficient varietal improvement. RNA based sequencing (RNA-seq) is a powerful approach for transcriptional analysis, assessing sequence variation, and identifying novel transcript sequences, particularly in large, complex, repetitive genomes such as maize. In this study, we sequenced RNA from whole seedlings of 21 maize inbred lines representing diverse North American and exotic germplasm. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection identified 351,710 polymorphic loci distributed throughout the genome covering 22,830 annotated genes. Tight clustering of two distinct heterotic groups and exotic lines was evident using these SNPs as genetic markers. Transcript abundance analysis revealed minimal variation in the total number of genes expressed across these 21 lines (57.1% to 66.0%). However, the transcribed gene set among the 21 lines varied, with 48.7% expressed in all of the lines, 27.9% expressed in one to 20 lines, and 23.4% expressed in none of the lines. De novo assembly of RNA-seq reads that did not map to the reference B73 genome sequence revealed 1,321 high confidence novel transcripts, of which, 564 loci were present in all 21 lines, including B73, and 757 loci were restricted to a subset of the lines. RT-PCR validation demonstrated 87.5% concordance with the computational prediction of these expressed novel transcripts. Intriguingly, 145 of the novel de novo assembled loci were present in lines from only one of the two heterotic groups consistent with the hypothesis that, in addition to sequence polymorphisms and transcript abundance, transcript presence/absence variation is present and, thereby, may be a mechanism contributing to the genetic basis of heterosis.
Atmospheric rivers and bombs

Filamentary structure is a common feature of atmospheric water vapor transport; the filaments may be termed “atmospheric rivers” because some carry as much water as the Amazon [Newell et al., 1992]. An extratropical cyclone whose central pressure fall averages at least 1 hPa hr−1 for 24 hours is known in meteorology as a “bomb” [Sanders and Gyakum, 1980]. We report here an association between rivers and bombs. When a cyclonic system is penetrated by a river, the cyclonic center moves to be close to the position occupied by the leading edge of the river twelve hours previously and the central pressure falls. If the river then moves away from the cyclone, the central pressure rises. Based on a pilot study of pressure fall and water vapor flux convergence for two winter months, the cause of the explosive deepening appears to be latent heat liberation. This is substantiated by composite maps of seven Atlantic and seven Pacific bombs which show that the flux convergence near the bomb center has a comma cloud signature. The observed association may be useful in forecasting 12-hour direction of motion and pressure change of rapidly developing cyclonic systems; the incorporation of better moisture data into numerical forecasting models may be the reason for the reported increase of skill in the prediction of bombs in recent years.
Electronic structure of a bismuth bilayer

Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we identified four two-dimensional bands within a 1 eV binding-energy region below the Fermi level. The top two bands that are part of the complex Fermi surface of Bi (111) are located in the projected bulk band gap and exhibit sixfold rotational symmetry of the top Bi bilayer. The two lower-lying bands reside inside the projected bulk band structure. The threefold rotational symmetry of these bands indicates a weak interaction with the underlying bulk bands. Our data can be explained with a tight-binding calculation of a bilayer by eliminating the second nearest-neighbor interactions that determine the coupling between bilayers in bulk Bi.
Normal Accidents: Living with High Risk Technologies

The article presents a review of the book “Normal Accidents: Living With High Risk Technologies,” by Charles Perrow.
Shallow cavity flow in a porous medium driven by differential heating

This paper describes steady flow through a porous medium in a shallow two-dimensional cavity driven by differential heating of the upper surface. The lower surface and sidewalls of the cavity are thermally insulated. The main emphasis is on the situation where the Darcy-Rayleigh number R is large and the aspect ratio of the cavity L (length/depth) is of order R 1/2 . For a monotonic temperature distribution at the upper surface, the leading-order problem consists of an interaction involving the horizontal boundary-layer equations, which govern the flow throughout most of the cavity, and the vertical boundary-layer equations which govern the flow near the colder sidewall. This problem is solved using numerical and asymptotic methods. The limiting cases where L » R 1/2 and L « R 1/2 are also discussed.
DIAMINODIPHENYLSULFONE (DAPSONE): A NEW DRUG FOR PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII PNEUMONITIS

Using the corticosteroid-antibiotic-primed rat model for P. carinii pneumonitis (PCP) we previously demonstrated the efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) for treatment of this infection (SPR-1974). Subsequent studies in humans (SPR-1975) showed excellent correlation with the animal model. Recently, it has become apparent that patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) uniquely experience a remarkably high rate of adverse reactions to TMP/SMZ. Since PCP is a major life-threatening infection with AIDS, alternative drugs are needed. We have undertaken studies to develop new agents for the treatment of PCP. The experimental design is based on the premise that dexamethasone-tetracycline administration for 6 weeks or longer will almost invariably provoke PCP in the rat. Drugs administered during the period of immunosuppression can be tested for efficacy in comparison to untreated controls. In a series of experiments we have tested 10 drugs in this manner. The results are as follows (no. animals with PCP/no. tested): allopurinol 10/10, diloxanide furoate 10/10, nifurtimox 10/10, ketoconazole 10/10, difluoromethylornithine 10/10, melarsoprol 10/10, suramin 10/10, primaquine-chloroquine 10/10, gentian violet 8/10 and diaminodiphenylsulfone 0/10. Controls (total) = 48/50. We conclude that the dapsone administered orally in the dose of 25.0 mg/kg daily is effective in murine PCP.
STAT3 controls myeloid progenitor growth during emergency granulopoiesis

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mediates "emergency" granulopoiesis during infection, a process that is mimicked by clinical G-CSF use, yet we understand little about the intracellular signaling cascades that control demand-driven neutrophil production. Using a murine model with conditional deletion of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in bone marrow, we investigated the cellular and molecular mechanisms of STAT3 function in the emergency granulopoiesis response to G-CSF administration or infection with Listeria monocytogenes, a pathogen that is restrained by G-CSF signaling in vivo. Our results show that STAT3 deficiency renders hematopoietic progenitor cells and myeloid precursors refractory to the growth-promoting functions of G-CSF or L monocytogenes infection. STAT3 is necessary for accelerating granulocyte cell-cycle progression and maturation in response to G-CSF. STAT3 directly controls G-CSF-dependent expression of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), a crucial factor in the emergency granulopoiesis response. Moreover, STAT3 and C/EBPβ coregulate c-Myc through interactions with the c-myc promoter that control the duration of C/EBPα occupancy during demand-driven granulopoiesis. These results place STAT3 as an essential mediator of emergency granulopoiesis by its regulation of transcription factors that direct G-CSF-responsive myeloid progenitor expansion.
Probabilistic design in spintronic memory and logic circuit

Spin-transfer torque random access memory (STTRAM) is a promising candidate for next-generation non-volatile memory technologies. It combines many attractive attributes such as nanosecond access time, high integration density, non-volatility, and good CMOS process compatibility. However, process variation continues to be a critical issue in the designs of STT-RAM and the derived spintronic logic. Besides the process-variation-induced persistent operation error, the non-persistent error that is incurred by the intrinsic thermal fluctuations of Magnetic Tunneling Junction (MTJ) devices significantly influences the spintronic circuit reliability. In this paper, we analyzed these two types of STT-RAM operation errors at both single cell and array levels. On the top of that, we quantitatively investigate the impacts of these errors on a nonvolatile spintronic flip-flop design. Some possible design techniques to reduce the operation error rate are also discussed. Our experimental results show that a statistical design technique must be adopted in spintronic memory and logic designs to achieve the desired operation reliability. We refer this technique as “probabilistic design”.
Development of a self-consolidating engineered cementitious composite employing electrosteric dispersion/stabilization

A self-consolidating engineered cementitious composite (ECC) reinforced with hydrophobic polyethylene fibers has been developed by combining micromechanics based design and rheological design, in a compatible manner. The previously developed micromechanics based design selects material ingredients for tensile ductility in the hardened state. The rheological design, which is the focus in this paper, modifies the material ingredients for self-consolidation behavior in the fresh state. For this purpose, the rheological design adopts a complementary electrosteric dispersion and stabilization technique to obtain cement pastes with desirable flow properties at constant particle concentrations dictated by the micromechanics based design. Such stabilization is realized by optimizing the dosages of strong polyelectrolyte and non-ionic polymer and by controlling the mixing procedure of the polymers. The fresh cement paste designed thereby leads to fresh mortar mix with desirable deformability, cohesiveness, and high consistency, and thus satisfies the self-consolidating performance of fresh ECC mix. In addition, ductile strain-hardening performance of the self-consolidating ECC is confirmed through uniaxial tensile test. This ductile composite with excellent fluidity can be broadly utilized for a variety of applications, e.g. in repair of deteriorated infrastructures requiring horizontal formworks, or in seismic-resistant structures with dense reinforcements and requiring high ductility.
Therapeutic Use of Antimelanoma Monoclonal Antibodies

Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to tumor-associated antigens are attracting much attention for tumor therapy. Melanomas belong to the tumors most studied in this respect, and several melanoma-associated antigens have been studied in great detail. These include the melanoma-associated glycoprotein p97, the melanoma-associated proteoglycan, and glycolipid antigens. Although none of the antigens is absolutely specific for tumor, the degree of relative specificity appears to be sufficient to use several of the melanoma antigens as therapeutic “targets”. Antimelanoma MAb can be applied therapeutically in several ways. The most straightforward approach is use of MAb without further modification. MAb which kill melanoma cells in the presence of human serum as the source of complement or mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity with human natural killer (NK) cells or macrophages as effectors are logical choices for this. Some cases of partial or even complete regression of metastatic melanoma have been observed in patients treated with such MAb. Combinations of such MAb with interleukin 2 (IL-2) or other immunological response modifiers are of great interest. Alternatively, one may use antimelanoma MAb (or fragments prepared from MAb) as carriers of antitumor agents, including radioactive isotopes, toxins, or chemotherapeutic drugs. Although it is premature to make any conclusions about the efficacy of such conjugates, we are optimistic that it will be feasible by using the right combination of MAb and antitumor agent to achieve therapeutic benefit. Another approach is to develop therapeutic “vaccines” for active immunization, once an antigen characterized by using a MAb has proven to have a relatively high level of tumor selectively. Anti-idiotypic antibodies and live recombinant viruses inducing tumor antigen expression in infected cells provide alternative strategies to this approach.
GMUGLE: A goal lattice constructor

Goal lattices are a method for ordering the goals of a system and associating with each goal the value of performing that goal in terms of how much it contributes to the accomplishment of the topmost goal of a system. This paper presents a progress report on the development of a web-based implementation of the George Mason University Goal Lattice Engine (GMUGLE). GMUGLE allows a user to interactively create goal lattices, add/delete goals, and specify their ordering relations through a web-based interface. The database portion automatically computes the GLB and LUB of pairs of goals which have been entered to form them into a lattice. Yet to be implemented is the code to input goal values, automatically apportion the values among included goals, and accrue value among the included goals.
WHAT IS APPLIED EDUCATIONAL ANTHROPOLOGY? : INTRODUCING A NEW TIG

Very few published materials adequately address what happens at the nexus of applied anthropology and education. The anthropology of education is a well established sub-field of anthropology to the extent that it has a distinct history and is securely housed in a number of highly rated academic institutions. Conversely, a more recent trend of "doing" rather than "teaching" the anthropology of education has become the professional mainstay of many applied anthropologists. In this brief introduction to the novel concept of "Applied Educational Anthropology," we provide a rough sketch of the well-established sub-field. We also offer a brief description of SfAA's response to this recent trend in applied anthropological work in education.
Enantiomeric Separations by Use of Calixarene Electrokinetic Chromatography

Chiral acylcalix[4]arene amino acid derivatives have been synthesized and used as pseudostationary phases in capillary electrophoresis (CE). Use of these calix[4]arene (CX4) derivatives with electrokinetic capillary chromatography (4-EKC) resulted in enantioseparation of three binaphthyl derivatives at pH values above 7. The structures of the CX4 derivatives, i.e., (N-l-alaninoacyl)calix[4]arene (CX4-l-Ala) and (N-l-valinoacyl)calix[4]arene (CX4-l-Val), and the buffer pH were found to be important factors in chiral separation. When CX4-l-Ala was used as a pseudostationary phase in the CE buffer, baseline resolution was achieved for 1,1‘-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) and 1,1‘-binaphthyl-2,2‘-diamine (BNA). The addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to the CX4-l-Ala solution resulted in baseline resolution of the enantiomers of 1,1‘-binaphthyldiyl hydrogen phosphate (BNHP). In contrast, chiral separations of BNHP, BINOL, and BNA were successfully achieved in a single run with use of CX4-l-Val as a chiral selector...
The ceramic reverse three-quarter crown for anterior teeth: laboratory procedures.

Abstract The laboratory procedures for making a Hi-ceram porcelain anterior reverse three-quarter crown are described. A core of high-fusing aluminum oxide is used as a coping on which tooth contours are restored with a compatible porcelain. Standard dental laboratory equipment is used and the technique can be quickly learned by any experienced ceramics technician.
Novel transdermal delivery formulation of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor selegiline nearing release for treatment of depression

4However, the unique therapeutic properties of the MAOIs for patients with so-called atypical depressive features (i.e., hypersomnolence, increased appetite, and weight gain) 6 coupled with the lack of progress in developing effective and welltolerated medications with truly unique mechanisms of action have led to continued efforts to develop safer and easier-to-use MAOIs. The holy grail of this search for a better MAOI has been identification of a drug that (1) did not require a special diet, (2) has a tolerability and ease-of-use profile comparable to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and (3) is as effective as tranylcypromine or phenelzine. Two aspects of the pharmacology of the older MAOIs—lack of selectivity for the 2 subtypes of MAO (i.e., type A and type B) and the irreversibility of inhibitory effect— have been targets for drug development. The subtyping of the 2 types of MAO is based on the preferred substrates of enzymatic activity. The A type of enzyme, which is found in the gut, liver, and brain, metabolizes norepinephrine, serotonin, and tyramine. Thus, it is inhibition of MAO A
Reductions of enteric microorganisms during aerobic sludge digestion

Seasonal variations in the reductions of total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal streptococci and enterovirus densities that occur during conventional aerobic sludge digestion in cold climates were characterized. Also, the potential to improve reductions in the densities of these four groups of enteric microorganisms in cold climates by simple modifications that increase process temperature by reducing heat losses was demonstrated. To obtain this data, two 32 m3 aerobic digesters located at a small municipal wastewater treatment plant were operated continuously over a period of 20 months. One digester was a conventional digester while the other was designed to minimize heat losses and thus, facilitate autoheating. When the results obtained during II separate periods of steady-state operation at mean mixed liquor temperatures ranging from 8 to 40°C and at residence times of 10, 15 and 20 days were combined for analysis, it was evident that significant reductions in the densities of the four groups of enteric microorganisms were dependent on both residence time and temperature. Using the Arrhenius equation, it was possible to describe mathematically the temperature dependence of the rate of log10 reduction in density of each of these four groups of enteric microorganisms. The four mathematical relationships developed provide a rational basis to determine residence times necessary to achieve desired levels of indicator organism and enterovirus reductions during aerobic sludge digestion at mixed liquor temperatures ranging from 8 to 40°C.
Break in the Heat Capacity Change at 303 K for Complex Binding of Netropsin to AATT Containing Hairpin DNA Constructs

Studies performed in our laboratory demonstrated the formation of two thermodynamically distinct complexes on binding of netropsin to a number of hairpin-forming DNA sequences containing AATT-binding regions. These two complexes were proposed to differ only by a bridging water molecule between the drug and the DNA in the lower affinity complex. A temperature-dependent isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC)-binding study was performed using one of these constructs (a 20-mer hairpin of sequence 5'-CGAATTCGTCTCCGAATTCG) and netropsin. This study demonstrated a break in the heat capacity change for the formation of the complex containing the bridging water molecule at approximately 303 K. In the plot of the binding enthalpy change versus temperature, the slope (DeltaCp) was -0.67 kcal mol-1 K-1 steeper after the break at 303 K. Because of the relatively low melting temperature of the 20-mer hairpin (341 K (68 degrees C)), the enthalpy change for complex formation might have included some energy of refolding of the partially denatured hairpin, giving the suggestion of a larger DeltaCp. Studies done on the binding of netropsin to similar constructs, a 24-mer and a 28-mer, with added GC basepairs in the hairpin stem to increase thermal stability, exhibit the same nonlinearity in DeltaCp over the temperature range of from 275 to 333 K. The slopes (DeltaCp) were -0.69 and -0.64 kcal mol-1 K-1 steeper after 303 K for the 24-mer and 28-mer, respectively. This observation strengthens the argument regarding the presence of a bridging water molecule in the lower affinity netropsin/DNA complex. The DeltaCp data seem to infer that because the break in the heat capacity change function for the lower affinity binding occurs at the isoequilibrium temperature for water, water may be included or trapped in the complex. The fact that this break does not occur in the heat capacity change function for formation of the higher affinity complex can similarly be taken as evidence that water is not included in the higher affinity complex.
The influence of water on the petrogenesis of subductionrelated igneous rocks

THE presence of dissolved water can significantly change the sequence in which different minerals crystallize from a silicate magma1–3. This will alter the compositional path followed by residual liquids (the liquid line of descent'), and modify the types and compositions of crystals that accumulate at the site of cooling. The sharp decrease in the solubility of water in silicate melts with decreasing pressure makes direct measurements of pre-eruptive concentrations in magmas difficult because much of the dissolved water boils off before eruption. Here we report experimental results on the crystallization of basalts that contain substantial dissolved water (up to 6 wt%), and show how the results can be used to infer the amount of dissolved H2O involved in the petrogenesis of lavas that preserve a record of their liquid lines of descent, or the accumulated minerals left behind after solidification. The presence of abundant magmatic water is a signature of subduction-zone volcanism4, and can be used to associate a suite of magmas or igneous cumulates with a convergent-margin, back-arc or interarc tectonic setting.
Gastric secretory effects of chloralose and ketamine anesthesia.

Abstract Heidenhain pouches were constructed in five mongrel dogs weighing between 15 and 25 kg. Surgical anesthesia was accomplished by giving ketamine im and alphachloralose iv against a background of submaximal, maximal, and supermaximal histamine doses. Ketamine caused significant acid inhibition at all dose levels of histamine when compared to histamine alone. Chloralose caused no significant inhibition at the first dose of histamine in all animals tested and no significant inhibition in one dog at all four dose levels of histamine. At almost all doses of histamine, chloralose caused significantly less acid inhibition when compared to ketamine. Thus, chloralose anesthesia is suggested as a more suitable anesthetic in acutely studying gastric acid secretory changes, but still is not comparable to studying the awake unanesthetized animal.
Metabolism of glycol-derived lipids in Novikoff hepatomas*

Summary [1,1,2,2- 2 H]Ethanediol administered to Novikoff rat hepatomas was rapidly incorporated into glycol-derived neutral lipids and glycol phospholipids. The metabolic turnover rates of these diol-derived lipids and in particular of the diol phospholipids were at least an order of magnitude higher than those known for the corresponding glycerolipids. The data suggest that glycol phospholipids serve as precursors of the neutral glycol-derived lipids. Diol incorporation and diol lipid interconversions do not involve intermediary oxidation and reduction steps on the diol moiety. This was conclusively proven by mass spectrometry which showed that perdeuteration of the glycol moieties was retained in all instances.
MULTIPHASIC NANOSTRUCTURED COMPOSITE : MULTI-DYE TUNABLE SOLID STATE LASER

In this paper we present a new concept to control the energy transfer between two components using novel multiphasic nanostructured composites. The example studied here consists of two lasing dyes (Rhodamine-6G and trans-4-[p-(N-ethyl-N-(hydroxyethyl)amino)phenylstyryl]-N-(hydroxyethyl)pyridinium iodide (ASPI)), each of which resides in two different phases of a multiphasic composite. The energy transfer between these two phases was studied and found to be insignificant. Therefore, this composite exhibited lasing from both dyes. The multiphasic matrix was tunable through the range of both dyes from 560 to 610 nm with an efficiency of ∼7%. The lasing properties of this lasing media were studied compared to reference dye solutions. In the solution state a mixture dye solution exhibited complete quenching of one of the dyes (Rhodamine-6G). The quenching mechanism in the solution state and its lack in the solid state matrix is proposed. In addition, the new laser dye, ASPI, has been characterized by its linea...
High-efficiency solid-phase capture using glass beads bonded to microcentrifuge tubes: immunoprecipitation of proteins from cell extracts and assessment of ras activation.

We have bonded glass microbeads (425-600 microm diameter) to the inner walls of polypropylene microcentrifuge tubes. In addition to increasing the surface area of the tubes manyfold, the beads provide surface Si groups which can be reacted with a silane compound such as aminopropyltriethoxysilane, yielding a free amino group. The amino group is reacted with another cross-linking reagent, for example, the homobifunctional compound dimethyl suberimidate, which can form a covalent bond with amine groups of proteins. After binding protein A or G to the dimethyl suberimidate, the beads were used to immunoprecipitate proteins from cell extracts; we show that the protein A/G-coated glass beads yield similar amounts of immunoprecipitated proteins as a standard method using protein A- or G-agarose beads, but with fewer contaminating proteins. In addition, we show that when immunoprecipitating Ras from cell extracts and measuring the amounts of Ras-bound GTP and GDP, the new method yielded higher guanine nucleotide levels than protein G-agarose beads, suggesting that it caused less denaturation of Ras. Because the glass beads are bonded to the walls of the tubes, the immunoprecipitates can be washed rapidly and efficiently, and we show that 20-30 tubes can be washed in 1/10 the time required to wash immunoprecipitates on protein A- or G-agarose beads.
Prenatal diagnosis of esophageal atresia

The prenatal sonographic detection of esophageal atresia (EA) has been possible for more than a decade and relies on the finding of a small or absent fetal stomach bubble associated with maternal polyhydramnios. The aims of this study were to assess the accuracy of this technique and to determine whether the outcome of prenatally diagnosed EA differs from its postnatal counterpart. All fetal sonograms performed between January 1989 and October 1993 demonstrating a small or absent fetal gastric bubble were reviewed together with all neonates with EA treated during the same period. Eighty-seven fetuses with a small (n = 53) or absent stomach bubble (n = 34) were identified, representing 1.4% of all fetal sonographic surveys. Esophageal atresia was present in 15; in 13 of these, the maternal amniotic fluid volume was increased. The positive predictive value of an absent stomach bubble and polyhydramnios was 56%, and the sensitivity of prenatal sonography in the diagnosis of EA was 42%. One neonate with EA had the prenatal diagnosis established at another institution, yielding a total of 16 cases of prenatally diagnosed EA for analysis. Seven (44%) of these had trisomy 18. Of the remaining nine, two had isolated EA, two had laryngeal atresia and EA, and there were two late-gestational unexplained fetal deaths. Only four (25%) survived through the neonatal period. The prognosis of the fetus with EA is radically different from that of the neonate with EA.
Protection by verapamil of globally ischemic rat hearts: Energy preservation, a partial explanation

The relationship between energy preservation and the recovery of heart function was studied in globally ischemic hearts which were treated with verapamil. Isolated working rat hearts reperfused after 27 min of ischemia recovered 17.9±5.11% of pre-ischemic contractile function and had markedly reduced tissue ATP, total adenine nucleotide, and creatine phosphate levels. The ATP/ADP ratio was also decreased in these hearts. When verapamil (2×10−6 m ) was present before and during ischemia, but not during reperfusion, the recovery of cardiac function following reperfusion was improved (82.4±12.1%). When hearts were treated with 0.0, 7.5×10−8 m , 5×10−7 m , or 2×10−6 m verapamil, the recovery of cardiac function was proportional to the concentration of verapamil present and showed a linear relationship with the depression of cardiac function prior to ischemia. The ATP, total adenine nucleotide and creatine phosphate levels were significantly higher in those hearts which were treated with verapamil, but the increase was not proportional to the recovery of cardiac function. It is possible that a critical pool of ATP may correlate with the recovery of verapamil treated hearts, but a large degree of mechanical recovery occurred with significant loss of high energy phosphate stores. Thus, while high energy compounds were preserved, there was not a good correlation between recovery of cardiac function and the preservation of total tissue energy reserves. A portion of the protection afforded by verapamil to globally ischemic hearts may be due to energy preservation, but additional mechanisms may also be involved in the enhanced recovery of contractile function.
Investigation of quadruplex oligonucleotide-drug interactions by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Selectivity, binding stoichiometry, and mode of binding of Tel01, distamycin A, and diethylthiocarbocyanine iodide (DTC) to the parallel stranded G4-quadruplex [d(T2G5T)]4 were investigated by ESI-MS. The first drug/quadruplex complexes observed by ESI-MS are described. Tel01, distamycin A, and DTC all form complexes with quadruplex DNA, but only Tel01 is completely selective for quadruplex versus duplex oligonucleotide under the conditions employed. Previous solution determinations of the binding mode of Tel01 and distamycin A to quadruplex oligonucleotides indicate that Tel01 interacts through end-stacking with guanine tetrads of quadruplex DNA, while distamycin A interacts by binding to quadruplex grooves. When these two different drug/quadruplex complexes are subjected to collisionally activated dissociation in a mass spectrometer, the observed fragmentation patterns are distinct. Tel01/quadruplex complexes undergo facile loss of drug and dissociation to single-strand oligonucleotide ions, while dista...
Porcine model of airway mucosal injury.

Abstract Purpose: The development of a reliable animal model of laryngeal or tracheal stenosis has been limited by lack of reproducibility, high morbidity and mortality, and cumbersome technique. The small size of previously proposed models has limited the development of innovative reconstructive techniques. Materials and Methods: Eleven of 15 post-weanling commercial piglets underwent injury by a sharpened metal rod to the anterior half of the subglottic region at repeated intervals under endoscopic guidance. Four of 15 animals did not undergo injury and served as control for normal subglottic growth over time. Each airway was sized by endotracheal tube (ETT) passage and endoscopic photography over time, and the degree of total stenosis was estimated in comparison to the control animals. Results: The first two animals underwent daily injury and expired from copious granulation tissue. Eight additional animals developed symptomatic subglottic stenosis manifested by audible stridor and intercostal retractions while undergoing injury every third day. Photographs documented the size of the stenosis to be greater than 50% (40% by ETT sizing) with a mean of three injuries in a mean time of 18 days. Conclusion: The porcine model shows a high degree of tolerance with minimal morbidity and consistent reliable results in an animal model of airway stenosis that is suitable for further innovative studies.
Preterites in direct discourse in three Old East Slavic chronicles

Alors que le choix entre l'aoriste ou imparfait et le parfait en russe ancien se situe souvent a un niveau stylistique, il est certain qu'un changement s'est opere a travers les siecles d'une restriction du parfait a certains contextes et d'une restricion de l'aoriste certains contextes, meme avant que les vieux temps soient abandonnes. L'A. illustre ce changement en examinant trois chroniques en vieux slave oriental