cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biomechanics of concussion

The rising awareness of the long-term health problems associated with concussions re-emphasizes the need for understanding the mechanical etiology of concussions. This article reviews past studies defining the common mechanisms for mild traumatic brain injury and summarizes efforts to convert the external input to the head (force, acceleration, and velocity) into estimates of motions and deformations of the brain that occur during mild traumatic brain injury. Studies of how these mechanical conditions contribute to the cellular mechanisms of damage in mild traumatic brain injury are reviewed. Finally, future directions for improving understanding concussion biomechanics are discussed.
Application of multispectral techniques to the precise identification of aldehydes in the environment

By using gas chromatography coupled with low- and high-resolution electron-impact mass spectrometry, low- and high-resolution chemical ionization mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, eight straight-chain aldehydes were identified in a water sample taken from the overflow pipe of a municipal sewer line that contained a combination of industrial and domestic sewage. This combination of infrared and mass spectral techniques yielded precise identifications of n-hexanal, n-heptanal, 2-heptenal, n-octanal, 2-octenal, n-nonanal, 2-decenal, and 2-undecenal. These findings were significant because few straight-chain aldehydes have been identified in the environment, and all those previously found were saturated.
Mercury isotope fractionation in fossil hydrothermal systems

The Hg isotopic compositions of samples throughout the vertical extent of two fossil hydrothermal systems were analyzed by multicollector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results show >5‰ (δ 2 0 2 Hg/ 1 9 8 Hg; relative to NIST 3133) fractionation, more than 50 times greater than the 0.1‰ (2σ) external reproducibility of the analyses. The Hg isotope compositions from both hydrothermal systems can be grouped by dominant mineralogy and position; δ 2 0 2 Hg/ 1 9 8 Hg values at the tops of the systems are -3.5‰ to -0.4‰ in cinnabar-dominant sinter and -0.2‰ to +2.1‰ in metacinnabar-dominant sinter, and the underlying veins have δ 2 0 2 Hg/ 1 9 8 Hg values of -1.4‰ to +1.3‰. These differences probably resulted from the combination of boiling of the hydrothermal fluid, oxidation near the surface, and kinetic effects associated with mineral precipitation. The natural variation in Hg isotopic compositions observed in this study is higher than that expected from the trend of decreasing mass-dependent fractionation with increasing mass extrapolated from stable isotope systems up to Z = 26 (Fe), confirming that even the heaviest elements undergo significant stable isotope fractionation in hydrothermal systems.
Recognizing multiple interpretations in 2½D machining of pockets

Abstract To integrate CAD and CAM of 2½ D prismatic machining parts, part descriptions in low-level format, such as Boundary Representation, are typically interpreted into forms of high-level features, such as pockets and virtual pockets, to facilitate process planning and tool path generation. A recognition procedure is required to transform the low-level data into machinable pocket definition. For complex depression volume where pocket interactions occur, current feature recognition algorithms do not adequately recognize the pockets such that the complex depression volume can be transformed into individual pockets machinable by current pocket milling techniques. Furthermore, in a complex depression, there may exist multiple equally valid set of pockets to describe the same total removable volume. The problem of recognizing multiple interpretations of pockets from part description in Boundary Representation (Brep) is presented in this paper. The algorithm presented in this paper first uses volume decompo...
Skin graft tolerance across a discordant xenogeneic barrier

Specific T-cell tolerance may be essential for successful xenotransplantation in humans. Grafting of thymectomized, T cell-depleted normal mice with xenogeneic fetal pig thymus and liver (FP THY/LIV) tissue results in the recovery of functional CD4 antigen-positive cells. We have tested T-cell tolerance by skin grafting. Donor-matched pig skin survived permanently (> 200 days), whereas allogeneic mouse skin was rapidly rejected. Nontolerant control mice rejected pig skin within 26 days. Both porcine and murine histocompatibility class IIhigh cells were detected in long-term thymus grafts, and T-cell repertoire analyses suggested that tolerance to both donors and recipients developed, at least in part, by intragraft clonal deletion. This study demonstrates the principle that tolerance, measured by the stringent criterion of skin grafting, can be induced across a widely disparate species barrier.
A unique omphacite, amphibole, and graphite-bearing clast in Queen Alexandra Range (QUE) 99177: A metamorphosed xenolith in a pristine CR3 chondrite

Abstract A metamorphosed, unshocked, chondritic clast, containing approximately equal volumes of matrix and chondrules, has been identified in the primitive CR3 chondrite QUE 99177. The most striking features of this clast are the presence of ferroan omphacitic pyroxenes, amphiboles (pargasite and pargasitic hornblende) and coarse-grained (up to 70 μm) graphite laths. The clast also contains relatively equilibrated FeO-rich olivine, low-Ca pyroxene, and sulfides (pentlandite and troilite). The clast’s matrix contains coarse, interlocking crystals. The chondrules are extensively recrystallized, contain no mesostasis or metal, and present poorly-defined boundaries. Based on its compositional and crystallographic features, omphacite appears to have formed at high pressures (>6 GPa). Amphibole formation probably postdated graphite formation and occurred by reaction of olivine, clinopyroxene, and omphacite in the presence of an oxidizing, Na-rich fluid at high temperatures (>700 °C). The absence of metal suggests that this fluid was also rich in S.
Near-limit flame spread over a thin solid fuel in microgravity

Diffusion flame spread over a thin solid fuel in quiescent and slowly moving atmospheres is studied in microgravity. The flame behavior is observed to depend strongly on the magnitude of the relative velocity between the flame and the atmosphere. In particular, a low velocity quenching limit is found to exist in low oxgen environments. Using both the microgravity results and previously published data at high opposed-flow velocities, the flame spread behavior is examined over a wide velocity range. A flammability map using molar oxygen percentages and characteristic relative velocities as coordinates is constructed. Trends of flame spread rate are determined and mechanisms for flame extinction are discussed.
Response of plastic scintillator detectors to heavy ions, Z ≤ 35, E ≤ 170 MeV☆

Abstract The fluorescent response, L, of plastic scintillators such as NE102 has been measured for a variety of heavy ions, Z = 1–35, at near-normal incidence with energies ranging from a few MeV to over a hundred MeV. The response in general is non-linear with L ∝ f(Z, A)E1.6 in the region E/A
Milk of calcium fluid collections in juvenile dermatomyositis: MR characteristics.

Children with dermatomyositis may have extensive subcutaneous and intermuscular calcium-laden fluid collections referred to as “milk of calcium.” The distinctive MR appearance of such collections in an upper extremity of a 16-year-old girl is presented. MR can differentiate these collections from abscesses and guide appropriate therapy.
Microbial growth stimulants in spleen.

PREVIOUS studies have revealed that rabbit spleen contains unidentified, water-soluble substances that are growth stimulatory for Escherichia coli1, and also that beef spleen yields heat-resistant, water-soluble extractives stimulatory for species of pathogenic fungi2. A blood agar medium incorporating aqueous spleen infusion was formulated for the isolation of pathogenic fungi at 37° C.2. The stimulatory effects of spleen extracts on the growth of micro-organisms in chemically defined culture media has been investigated by us.
Packaging of optoelectronic and RF components with shared elements for dual-mode wireless communications

The development of a new hybrid packaging method is reported, where the front end radio frequency (RF) element, namely a modified quasi-Yagi antenna, is integrated with an optical transmitter and an optical receiver on single PCB for dual-mode, i.e. RF/free space optical communication. The VCSEL and the pin diode are placed on the antenna directors to share the common metal pads on the Duroid (RT 6010) board. The modules have demonstrated dual-mode wireless communication capability, i.e. RF and free space optics. Though the RF channel induces noise to the optical transmitter/receiver due to electromagnetic coupling between closely-spaced RF and optical circuits, a data rate of 2.5 Gbit/s is demonstrated for the optical channel.
Tartrate dehydrogenase-oxalate complexes: formation of a stable analog of a reaction intermediate complex.

Abstract Oxalate has been shown to form a stable complex with Mn-tartrate dehydrogenase-NADH complexes which are proposed to mimic an intermediate formed during catalytic turnover. The formation of this complex can be detected under turnover conditions, where oxalate acts as a time-dependent inhibitor, and under equilibrium conditions, where oxalate binding triggers a slow protein conformation change detectable by fluorescence spectroscopy. Both the rate constant for the change in fluorescence intensity upon oxalate binding and the magnitude of the fluorescence change show a hyperbolic dependence on oxalate concentration, The time-dependent inhibition by oxalate is not consistent with a model in which oxalate binds to enzyme-NAD; rather, it is proposed that inhibition arises from binding to enzyme-NADH. The apparent dissociation constants of oxalate from enzyme-NAD+ and the enzyme-NADH complexes are 80 and 1 μM, respectively. The fluorescence changes which accompany oxalate binding are suggested to arise from a protein conformational change which serves to sequester reactants in the active site. Consistent with this hypothesis, it was observed that although some alternative pyridine nucleotide cofactors supported the multistep tartrate dehydrogenase-catalyzed net nonoxidative decarboxylation of meso-tartrate only at drastically reduced rates, none of the intermediate hydroxypyruvate was released into solution. In addition, fluorescence anisotropy measurements were conducted to investigate the mode of NADH binding.
Effect of propylthiouracil on rat thyroid lysosomal enzymes.

Abstract Dietary propylthiouracil (PTU) is goitrogenic in young rats and also decreases their growth rate. Twenty-seven rats were administered PTU for 60 days with 10 rats serving as controls. Rat thyroid weight progressively increased from a normal level of 0.037 ± 0.003 to 0.13 ± 0.1g. Comparable amounts of thyroid tissue from control rats and those with PTU-induced goiter were assayed at varying time intervals for the lysosomal enzymes, cathepsin D and β-glucuronidase. The nonsedimentable or free fraction, total, and the percentage free/total lysosomal activity were significantly reduced in the goitrous tissue. When additional thyroid tissue from 28 more rats fed dietary PTU was incubated at 37°C with exogenous thyrotropin added, the tissue secreted substantial amounts of cathepsin D, but not β-glucuronidase. Our finding that PTU-induced goitrous tissue can specifically secrete cathepsin D in vitro is a unique observation which may have clinical implications.
Landscape genetics and limiting factors

Population connectivity is mediated by the movement of organisms or propagules through landscapes. However, little is known about how variation in the pattern of landscape mosaics affects the detectability of landscape genetic relationships. The goal of this paper is to explore the impacts of limiting factors on landscape genetic processes using simulation modeling. We used spatially explicit, individual-based simulation modeling to quantify the effects of habitat area, fragmentation and the contrast in resistance between habitat and non-habitat on the apparent strength and statistical detectability of landscape genetic relationships. We found that landscape genetic effects are often not detectable when habitat is highly connected. In such situations landscape structure does not limit gene flow. We also found that contrast in resistance values between habitat and non-habitat interacts with habitat extensiveness and fragmentation to affect detectability of landscape genetic relationships. Thus, the influence of landscape features critical to providing connectivity may not be detectable if gene flow is not limited by spatial patterns or resistance contrast of these features. We developed regression equations that reliably predict whether or not isolation by resistance will be detected independently of isolation by distance as a function of habitat fragmentation and contrast in resistance between habitat and non-habitat.
On the impact of initial performance on the effectiveness of advertising pulsation policies

Using a modified version of a Vidale-Wolfe model, proposed by Little, this paper examines the impact of initial sales rate on the performance of a variety of discrete, piecewise-continuous advertising policies for a finite planning horizon. The deployment of a non-discounted measure of performance reveals, irrespective of the shape of the advertising response function, that when the initial sales rate is different from zero at the beginning of the planning period: (1) a firm would be better off concentrating its advertising effort at the end rather than at the beginning of the planning period for a Blitz Policy (BP), (2) for an Advertising Pulsing/Maintenance Policy (APMP), it is more lucrative for a firm to alternate between a lower level of advertising followed by higher level (low-high) in a cyclic manner rather than to cycle the opposite way (high-low), and (3) in the presence of an initial sales rate, the pattern of the optimal advertising policy determined by dynamic programming can be significantly different from its alternative counterpart in its absence. In addition, it has been demonstrated, among other theoretical findings, that, for any given mean rate of advertising, the mean sales is bounded from below and is a decreasing function of the length of the planning horizon. Numerical examples are introduced to illustrate and reinforce the above research findings.
Resonant Second-Harmonic Generation in the Exciton Region of CuCl and ZnO

Using a pulsed tunable dye laser pumped by a $Q$-switched ruby laser, the frequency dependence of second-harmonic generation has been measured in the region of the first and second $1s$ excitons of CuCl from about 3.18 to 3.34 eV and the region of the $C$ exciton of ZnO from about 3.38 to 3.48 eV. From the data, the frequency dependence of the optical nonlinear susceptibility has been determined using linear optical constants calculated by a Kramers-Kr\"onig analysis of reflectivity. The results for the single nonzero term of the nonlinear susceptibility of CuCl and the two terms ${d}_{\mathrm{zzz}}$ and ${d}_{\mathrm{zxx}}$ of ZnO have been fit theoretically by an anharmonic-oscillator model employing two oscillators.
Predicting four or more metastatic axillary lymph nodes in patients with sentinel node-positive breast cancer: assessment of existent risk scores.

Background Patients with metastases in four or more axillary lymph nodes (≥4+ALN) represent a subset of patients with breast cancer who are at increased risk of local recurrence and who benefit from postmastectomy radiation. Risk prediction models designed to identify such patients have been published by Rivers et al., Chagpar et al., and Katz et al. We sought to evaluate and compare the performance of these models in an independent patient population.
Fetal alcohol-exposed rats exhibit differential response to cholinergic drugs on a delay-dependent memory task.

Fetal alcohol exposure in human and rodents produces a number of cognitive deficits including impairments in learning and memory. Recent evidence in our laboratory has shown that fetal alcohol-exposed (FAE) rats respond differently to systemic administration of cholinergic drugs when tested for vigilance and locomotor activity. The present study examined the effects of muscarinic and nicotinic agonists and antagonists on memory performance in a delayed alternation task. Subjects were male offspring of Sprague-Dawley rats fed a 35% ethanol-derived caloric diet, pair-fed with sucrose, or chow-fed with lab chow during the last 2 weeks of gestation. Rats (3 months old) were food-deprived prior to training in the T-maze. Rats were first trained in the alternation task at no delay for five sessions. Rats were then trained at longer delays (20, 60, 180 s) until all groups showed similar performance for two consecutive sessions. Each animal was then tested following systemic injections of the cholinergic antagonists scopolamine and mecamylamine (60-s delay) and the cholinergic agonists pilocarpine and nicotine (180-s delay). Rats received saline injections on alternate days of testing. The results revealed that FAE rats exhibited no impairments in alternation performance at the no delay and 20-s delay, but showed impairments on both the 60- and 180-s delays during the initial sessions. However, with additional training, FAE rats showed performance similar to that of control groups at these delays. Following both pilocarpine and nicotine injections, control groups, but not the FAE group, showed significant memory enhancement in the alternation task. Following scopolamine injections, the FAE rats showed a significant impairment, while control groups showed a nonsignificant decrease in performance. All three groups showed impairments in the alternation task following administration of mecamylamine compared to saline treatment. These findings suggest that alterations in the cholinergic system in FAE rats may underlie some of the cognitive deficits observed with prenatal alcohol exposure.
Management information systems: a fifteen-year perspective

I have chosen 15 years as the period of review for a personal reason. It was in 1967 that I and others such as Gary Dickson and Tom Hoffmann began the Management Information Systems program at Minnesota. We were not the only university where faculty members were working to establish MIS as an academic discipline, but we achieved significant, immediate results. Therefore, many count the beginnings of MIS as an academic area to the start of the Minnesota program. We established a major in MIS within the MBA and PhD programs and founded a research center, the Management Information Systems Research Center (MISRC). These activities were carried out with the support (including financial) of major businesses in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area.
The impact of home monitoring and daily diary recording on patient status in cystic fibrosis

An experimental home monitoring system for assessing the progress and planning changes in the care of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) has been implemented at the University of Minnesota Cystic Fibrosis Center. One group of patients and families did daily recording of physical measurements and symptoms, and sent the diary to the data coordinating center weekly for analysis. The remaining patients were not part of the home monitoring program. Twenty-five patients were randomly selected from the home monitoring group. They were compared to an age- and sex-matched control group not doing home monitoring to ascertain if home self-measurement and daily diary recording, in the absence of any therapeutic intervention, produced any change in physical or psychological status, pulmonary function, or growth over a 4-year study period. Subjects ranged in age from 6 to 43 years. Clinical status was measured by the National Institutes of Health cystic fibrosis scoring system. Pulmonary function was assessed as percent of predicted forced vital capacity and percent of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1). Growth was analyzed as percent of predicted weight based on age-, sex-, and height-dependent equations. Psychological status was determined by self-assessment and referral for conseling. Only percent predicted FEV1 in the control group declined significantly. There were no statistically significant changes in any other measures either within or between diary and nondiary groups over the 4-year period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Finding good approximate vertex and edge partitions is NP-hard

Abstract In this paper we show that for n-vertex graphs with maximum degree 3, and for any fixed e> 0, it is NP-hard to find α-edge separators and α-vertex separators of size no more than OPT+n 1 2 − e, where OPT is the size of the optimal solutio n. For general graphs we show that it is NP-hard to find an α-edge separator of size no more than OPT+n2 - e. We also show that an O(ƒ(n))-approximation algorithm for finding α-vertex separators of maximum degree 3 graphs can be used to find an O(ƒ(n5))-approximation algorithm for finding α-edge separators of general graphs. Since it is NP-hard to find optimal α-edge separators for general graphs this means that it is NP-hard to find optimal vertex separators even when restricted to maximum degree 3 graphs.
Survey of Air Pollution Research in Europe

(1960). Survey of Air Pollution Research in Europe. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal: Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 459-465.
Rumination is independently associated with poor psychological health: Comparing emotion regulation strategies

Objective: Emotion regulation (ER) strategies are related to psychological health, with most work examining reappraisal and suppression. Yet, emerging findings suggest that rumination may have stronger relationships with psychological health, namely depression, than other ER strategies. This paper replicated and extended this work by testing whether rumination was independently associated with a range of poor psychological health risk indicators and outcomes. In addition, it explored whether the reason why rumination is so deleterious to health is because it underlies the stress–health relationship.Design: Participants (n = 218) completed measures online.Main outcome measures: Surveys assessed ER strategies (reappraisal, suppression, proactive coping, emotion support seeking, and rumination), health risk indicators (hostility, optimism, self-esteem), health outcomes (depression, poor sleep quality, anxiety) and perceived chronic stress.Results: Multivariate regression analyses revealed rumination as the o...
Case studies: the impact of nonanalyte components on LC–MS/MS-based bioanalysis: strategies for identifying and overcoming matrix effects

Achieving sufficient selectivity in bioanalysis is critical to ensure accurate quantitation of drugs and metabolites in biological matrices. Matrix effects most classically refer to modification of ionization efficiency of an analyte in the presence of matrix components. However, nonanalyte or matrix components present in samples can adversely impact the performance of a bioanalytical method and are broadly considered as matrix effects. For the current manuscript, we expand the scope to include matrix elements that contribute to isobaric interference and measurement bias. These three categories of matrix effects are illustrated with real examples encountered. The causes, symptoms, and suggested strategies and resolutions for each form of matrix effects are discussed. Each case is presented in the format of situation/action/result to facilitate reading.
Real time low temperature decomposition of explosives - PETN

Abstract Chemiluminescence NO/NOx analyzers have been used to make real-time measurements of PETN decomposition products near storage temperatures. Over the
Automated Integration of Enterprise Accounting Models Throughout the Systems Development Life Cycle

This paper summarizes and projects research in the field of automated software engineering as that work has been applied to the domain of accounting-centered enterprise models. In particular, we review the basic concepts and goals of the REA (Resource–Event–Agent) accounting model and speculate on its past, present, and future use as an embedded domain theory of enterprise economic activity within computer-aided systems engineering (CASE) tools. The REA CASE tools reviewed here include ones like REAVIEWS, CREASY, and REAtool that have already been built plus others like REACH, FREACC, and REAVERSE that have been specified only in theory. The entire systems development life cycle is used as a discussion vehicle to treat these tools and projected future work in an integrated way. © 1996 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The trypsin-trypsin inhibitor complex: crystallization, unit cells and space groups.

Abstract Two new crystalline forms of the complex composed of bovine basic pancreatic inhibitor and trypsin are described. Dimensions and X-ray scattering properties of one of these forms are reported.
TNFα gene delivery therapy for solid tumors

Importance of the field: Multimodality therapy, including adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, is now the mainstay of treatment for the majority of non-hematologic cancers. Host toxicity can, however, be significant, which may contribute to local and/or systemic failures. Novel adjunctive treatments that can limit systemic exposure while synergizing with standard therapy hold promise in the fight against an increasing number of cancers.Areas covered in this review: We discuss a TNFα gene delivery system used to generate high levels of intratumoral TNFα, while limiting systemic exposure. The delivery system utilizes a replication-deficient adenoviral vector. When injected intratumorally and activated by external beam radiation, infected cells synthesize and locally secrete large amounts of TNFα.What the reader will gain: This review will provide the reader with a thorough understanding of the gene-based TNFα delivery system with special emphasis on product characteristics, mechanisms of ...
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes induced in mice by inactivated influenza virus vaccine

THERE is abundant evidence that T cell-mediated lysis of virus-infected target cells generally requires H–2K or H–2D region histocompatibility between cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and target cells1–6. The biological basis of this requirement is still uncertain. Studies using chimaeric mice suggest that T lymphocytes are selectively sensitised by the viral and H–2 antigens expressed on the infected cell and that killing only occurs when the target cell shares H–2K or H–2D identity with the immunising virus-infected cell7. It is important to determine whether virus infection of the host tissue is, in fact, necessary for specific CTL immunity to develop. If this were so, the use of inactivated virus or purified viral antigens would not be suitable as vaccines against diseases in which CTL were required to afford optimal protection. We report here that inactivated influenza virus vaccines are, in fact, quite capable of evoking haemagglutinin specific CTL.
Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma of the mandible: Case report

Odontogenic carcinomas are exceedingly rare. Our knowledge of these tumors is based mainly on data from individual case reports or small case series. Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC) is grouped among these lesions. It was originally described in 1985 by Hansen et al1 as an “aggressive tumor” of odontogenic origin. However, lacking evidence of lymph node involvement or distant metastases in their series of 3 cases, these authors were unable to identify it as a carcinoma. An additional 19 cases have since been reported; among which are cases in which lesions recurred and metastasized to regional lymph nodes and distant organs. Jaw lesions with microscopic features that resemble those of CCOC include clear cell variants of ameloblastoma and calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (Pindborg tumor), metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and some central salivary gland tumors. We describe a case of a CCOC of the mandible and review previous reports of this uncommon malignant neoplasm.
The use of etching techniques to investigate the morphology of mechanically induced transformations in an aliphatic polyketone

Existing permanganic etching techniques have been adapted for an aliphatic polyketone terpolymer to examine its spherulitic and lamellar morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). A spherulitic morphology was observed consisting of irregularly shaped spherulites with an average diameter of 5-7 μm and poorly defined spherulite boundaries. Crystalline lamellae were found to be oriented radially within the spherulites. The morphology associated with mechanically induced transformations in a number of deformation systems has been studied and compared to that arising in other common polymeric systems. Changes in morphology through the neck region of drawn samples revealed the elongation of the spherulites as the morphology is transformed from a spherulitic to a fibrillar structure. In samples tested between 23°C and 120°C, radial flaws were observed within the spherulites prior to and within the neck transformation zone. These radial flaws were not observed for samples tested at higher temperatures. Four-point bend tests were conducted on double notched and pre-cracked aliphatic polyketone samples. Examination of the process zone around the crack at the core of the sample revealed crazes characteristic of semicrystalline polymers subjected to a highly constrained stress state. However, the process zone around the crack at the surface of the sample was found to consist of shear bands, suggesting a less constrained damage regime. High cycle fatigue loading also induced flaws oriented radially within the spherulites. Examination of the region around the failure surface in samples fatigue cycled until failure revealed a process consisting of an array of crazes reminiscent to that found in the four-point bend tests.
Photoproduction and β-decay of 8He

Abstract The 8 He nucleus was produced by irradiating natural boron with 250 MeV bremsstrahlung and detected by means of βγ coincidences. The half-life of 8 He is found to be 114±25 msec. The cross section per effective quantum for production of 8 He decaying to the 0.98 MeV level in 8 Li is 0.08±0.04 μb/Q for 250 MeV bremsstrahlung on 11 B.
Monoclonal antibodies with neutralizing activity segregate isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus into groups

Isolates of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus were differentiated by monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) reactive with the 56kD viral polypeptide. Patterns of neutralizing activity of the MoAbs indicate that multiple epitopes are involved in virus neutralization.
H2O2 mediates oxidative stress-induced epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation

We used a well-established thiol-alkylating agent, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), to oxidatively stress human keratinocytes. Time course studies revealed that NEM rapidly depleted keratinocytes of reduced glutathione (GSH), which was followed by rapidly increasing levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequently by phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Pretreatment with antioxidants or enhanced catalase activity in keratinocytes inhibited ROS/H(2)O(2) accumulation and EGFR phosphorylation, demonstrating that H(2)O(2) production is a mediator required for EGFR phosphorylation. Collectively, these results suggest a sequence of events leading to EGFR phosphorylation which is likely shared by oxidative stress-inducing agents, namely: (1) GSH depletion; (2) H(2)O(2) accumulation; and (3) EGFR phosphorylation. We propose that depletion of GSH and accumulation of H(2)O(2) are upstream events and critical mediators required for ligand-independent phosphorylation of growth factor receptors in response to oxidative stress.
Challenges in characterization of concentrated suspensions

Abstract With a decrease in particle size below 1 μm the role of surfaces and interfacial phenomena dominates the properties of powders in liquids. A knowledge of properties of the system is often desired to develop predictive strategies to control the state of dispersion and aggregation of powders. To obtain the desired stability and rheology of suspensions, an adjustment of both physical and chemical variables might be required. The success of such an approach depends on the ability to predict correctly the system response from characteristics of the powder and suspending medium. Several traditional methods of characterization depend upon measurements in dilute suspensions, whereas most applications deal with processing and transport of dispersions at large particle loading (percent solids). Challenges in relating properties measured in dilute suspensions to predict the behavior of concentrated suspensions will be discussed. Both thermodynamic or equilibrium, and kinetic or rate effects are considered.
Complimenting rivals Foucault, Rawls and the problem of public reasoning

This article pursues two questions: Can one use Foucault’s later writings on parrhesia and Kant to create a Foucaldian approach to public reason? If so, what lessons might those attracted to John R...
Growth Signal Transduction by the Human Interleukin-2 Receptor Requires Cytoplasmic Tyrosines of the β Chain and Non-tyrosine Residues of the γc Chain

To evaluate the possible role for receptor-based tyrosine phosphorylation in growth signaling induced by interleukin-2 (IL-2), a series of substitution tyrosine mutants of the IL-2 receptor beta and gamma c chains was prepared and analyzed. Concurrent mutation of all six of the cytoplasmic tyrosines present in the beta chain markedly inhibited IL-2-induced growth signaling in both pro-B and T cell lines. Growth signaling in a pro-B cell line was substantially reconstituted when either of the two distal tyrosines (Tyr-392, Tyr-510) was selectively restored in the tyrosine-negative beta mutant, whereas reconstitution of the proximal tyrosines (Tyr-338, Tyr-355, Tyr-358, Tyr-361) did not restore this signaling function. Furthermore, at least one of the two cytoplasmic tyrosines that is required for beta chain function was found to serve as a phosphate acceptor site upon induction with IL-2. Studies employing a chimeric receptor system revealed that tyrosine residues of the beta chain likewise were important for growth signaling in T cells. In contrast, although the gamma c subunits is a target for tyrosine phosphorylation in vivo, concurrent substitution of all four cytoplasmic tyrosines of this chain produced no significant effect on growth signaling by chimeric IL-2 receptors. However, deletion of either the Box 1, Box 2, or intervening (V-Box) regions of gamma c abrogated receptor function. Therefore, tyrosine residues of beta but not of gamma c appear to play a pivotal role in regulating growth signal transduction through the IL-2 receptor, either by influencing cytoplasmic domain folding or by serving as sites for phosphorylation and subsequent association with signaling intermediates. These findings thus highlight a fundamental difference in the structural requirements for IL-2R beta and gamma c in receptor-mediated signal transduction.
Singularities of the pressure for hard-core systems.

It is shown that the divergence of the pressure at the close-packed volume for the metastable supercooled fluid branch may be less singular than that of a first-order pole\char22{}the result of the free-volume theory. Such weaker singularity gives a possible explanation of why the numerical values found for the close-packed volume are always less than Bernal's random close-packing volume.
Thinking Like a Scientist: Using Vee-Maps to Understand Process and Concepts in Science

It is considered important for students to participate in scientific practices to develop a deeper understanding of scientific ideas. Supporting students, however, in knowing and understanding the natural world in connection with generating and evaluating scientific evidence and explanations is not easy. In addition, writing in science can help students to understand such connections as they communicate what they know and how they know it. Although tools such as vee-maps can scaffold students’ efforts to design investigations, we know less about how these tools support students in connecting scientific ideas with the evidence they are generating, how these connections develop over time, or how writing can be used to encourage such connections. In this study, we explored students’ developing ability to reason scientifically by examining the relationship between students’ understanding of scientific phenomena and their understanding of how to generate and evaluate evidence for their ideas in writing. Three high school classes completed three investigations. One class used vee-mapping each time, one used vee-mapping once, and one did not use vee-mapping. Students’ maps and written reports were rated for understanding of relevant science procedural and conceptual ideas. Comparisons between groups and over time indicate a positive relationship between improved procedural and conceptual understanding. Findings also indicate that improved procedural understanding preceded improved conceptual understanding, and thus, multiple experiences were needed for students to connect evidence and explanation for science phenomena.
Transport phenomena in a semi-passive direct methanol fuel cell

Abstract A two-dimensional, steady state, non-isothermal, multi-fluid, two-phase flow model is presented for a semi-passive direct methanol fuel cell at which air flows through a channel at the cathode side while liquid methanol solution is fed passively at the anode. The evaporation/condensation rates are formulated in a manner to capture the non-equilibrium effects between the liquid and gas phases. The model also accounts for the methanol and water crossover through the membrane. The behavior of a semi-passive system, including the temperature, oxygen and water vapor mass fractions, and the liquid saturation at different air flow rates is well described. Capturing the thermal effect in a semi-passive system is vital, since transport variables are highly dependent on temperature. While a higher flow rate of air at the cathode channel decreases the average cell temperature, it enhances the liquid removal from the porous media at the cathode side. The results also show that a higher flow rate results in a more uniform distribution of transport variables along the channel. For a cell that does not suffer from the flooding effect, a lower air flow rate through the channel results in a higher performance of the cell due to the temperature increase.
The radiolotic yield of reducing radicals in neutral aqueous solution

Abstract By use of the ultrasensitive Cary Model 16 spectrophotometer, accurate initial γ-ray yield values were obtained at doses of only 30–150 rad for the oxidation of ferrous sulfate in air- saturated solutions at low acidities, and for peroxide formation in air-saturated solutions of ethanol and of sodium formate. The yields were in most cases higher than those previously reported, and led to values of Gred = 3·31 ± 0·05 for the yield of total reducing radicals and GOH = 2·74 ± 0·08 for oxidizing radicals in neutral solutions. The results tend to confirm values of the radical yields reported by M. Haissinsky.
Urate: a novel biomarker of Parkinson’s disease risk, diagnosis and prognosis

A growing number of studies have correlated higher urate levels with a lower risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD) and with a favorable rate of disease progression, indicating that urate could be an important biomarker of the pathophysiology underlying PD. Dietary and genetic determinants of urate have also been linked to a reduced risk or delayed onset of PD. Based on the known antioxidant and metal complexing properties of urate, together with evidence for oxidative stress as a contributor to neurodegeneration in PD, urate may serve as an endogenous neuroprotectant that helps reduce the risk and rate of the disease. In this article we review the convergent biological, epidemiological and clinical data that identify urate as a promising biomarker of the risk, diagnosis and prognosis of PD.
Subgraphs of graphs, I

Let G and H be two simple graphs on p vertices. We give a sufficient condition, based on the minimum degree of the vertices of G and the maximum degree of the vertices of H, for H to be a subgraph of G.
Non-traditional projects in the undergraduate AI course

1. SUMMARY Projects in the Artificial Intelligence course have evolved over the years. Along the way, they have taken several forms, including small-scale LISP/Prolog projects, larger-scale object-oriented projects in CLOS/C++, projects organized around games, and more recently, projects organized around the concept of agents. All along, educators have attempted to make the projects more appealing and instructive at the same time.
Remapping Muslim literary culture: folklore, Bulbul, and world-making in late colonial Bengal

Bengali Muslim literary culture comprises a conspicuously under-researched domain of colonial Indian history. That Muslims formed the majority of Bengal’s population by the early twentieth century has been recognized in a variety of sources, but the comprehension of this fact within the cultural and literary histories of colonial India has eluded modern historians. Late colonial Bengal saw the rise of a Muslim literary culture that included intense engagements with Hindus, Muslims of other parts of India, and Urdu linguistic and cultural references. These engagements, detailed in this article, include the rise of folklore collection, the creation of a new literary criticism, and critical engagement with pan-Indian Muslim thought in the 1930s. A visible forum for this engagement was the journal Bulbul (Nightingale), a 1930s magazine that showcased a specifically Bengali Muslim language, literature, and culture that would draw from both Hindu and Muslim elements and aim to situate Bengali Muslim writing and...
La Nina: framework in self-adaptive publish/subscribe middleware for wireless sensor networks

This paper focuses on three key issues that the publish/subscribe (pub/sub) communication scheme faces for event routing in wireless sensor networks (WSNs): (1) balancing trade-offs among conflicting performance objectives such as data yield, data fidelity and power efficiency; (2) satisfying quality of service (QoS) requirements such as latency and (3) considering noise in evaluating event routing performance. To address these issues, this paper investigates self-adaptive event routing in TinyDDS, which is pub/sub middleware for WSNs. With its noise-aware and constraint-based evolutionary multiobjective optimisation framework, La Nina, TinyDDS autonomously adapts its routing parameters to dynamic network conditions by reducing the impacts of noise on performance evaluation and seeking the optimal trade-offs among performance objectives under given QoS requirements. Simulation results validate this ability of TinyDDS in large-scale, dynamic and noisy WSNs. TinyDDS is implemented lightweight enough to operate on resource-limited sensor nodes.
Rejection of Multipath Interference in Satellite Communications by Use of Narrow-Band Filters

Earth-reflected multipath interference can be serious for communication between near-earth spacecraft and stationary satellites. It is shown that both the depth and rate of fading are reduced by using narrow-band filters. Curves demonstrate the saving in fading margin; this saving may be crucial in an emergency.
Dynamical invariants and the collision operator in the limit of long time for a perturbed two-body problem

Abstract The collision operator for a hamiltonian system of two bodies interacting through a perturbed Kepler potential is obtained and analyzed in the limit corresponding to long time. In this limit, the collision operator differs from zero for resonance. The implications on dynamical invariants are discussed.
Effects of capsaicin on release of substance P-like immunoreactivity and physiological parameters in isolated perfused guinea-pig heart

Abstract Release of substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI) was measured from isolated perfused guinea-pig hearts. Capsaicin (1 μM) caused a substantial increase in the amount of SP-LI detected in perfusate compared to values during exposure to vehicle or drug-free buffer. Tachyphylaxis developed to the effect of capsaicin on release of SP-LI and to its effect on physiological parameters. These data show SP-LI can be released from cardiac sensory nerves and suggest SP could mediate a portion of the response of the isolated heart to capsaicin.
Fast noniterative registration of magnetic resonance images

EvIdent (EVent IDENTification) is an exploratory data analysis system for the detection and investigation of novelty, identified for a region of interest and its characteristics, within a set of images. For functional magnetic resonance imaging, for instance, a characteristic of the region of interest is a time course, which represents the intensity value of voxels over several discrete instances in time. An essential preprocessing step is the rapid registration of these images prior to analysis. Two dimensional image registration coefficients are obtained within EvIdent by solving a regression problem based on integration of a linearized matching equation over a set of patches in the image space. The registration method is robust to noise, offers a flexible hierarchical procedure, is easily generalizable to 3D registration, and is well suited to parallel processing. EvIdent, written in Java and C++, offers a sophisticated data model, an extensible algorithm framework, and a suite of graphical user interface constructs. We describe the registration algorithm and its implementation within the EvIdent software.
MINERVA 2: A simulation model of human memory

An overview of a simulation model of human memory is presented. The model assumes: (1) that only episodic traces are stored in memory, (2) that repetition produces multiple traces of an item, (3) that a retrieval cue contacts all memory traces simultaneously, (4) that each trace is activated according to its similarity to the retrieval cue, and (5) that all traces respond in parallel, the retrieved information reflecting their summed output. The model has been applied with success to a variety of phenomena found with human subjects in frequency and recognition judgment tasks, the schema-abstraction task, and paired-associate learning. Application of the model to these tasks is briefly summarized.
Quantitative Methods for Verifying Semantic Equivalence of Translated Research Instruments: A Chinese Version of the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale.

Back-translation is typically used to verify semantic equivalence (SE) of a translated measure to the original scale. Although validity of the adapted scale depends fundamentally on SE, back-translation always involves subjective evaluations. This study developed “dual-language, split-half” quantitative methods of verification to supplement back-translation judgments. A 2nd purpose of this study was to create a measure to promote adult attachment research in Chinese cultures. A bilingual sample of 30 Taiwanese students completed split scales composed of half English items and half Chinese items translated from the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (K. A. Brennan, C. L. Clark, & P. R. Shaver, 1998). Correlations between the dual-language, split halves were not statistically different from correlations between all-English sets of the same items derived from a criterion sample ( N 399). There were also no differences in retest reliabilities.