cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty Enabled Design of an Acceleration Switch

A mechanical acceleration switch has been developed to synchronize instrumentation during a destructive acceleration test. The tests are of short durations and involve very high velocities and accelerations, and a destructive impact. Therefore, accurately synchronized instrumentation is critical. When the switch detects a desired acceleration time history, the switch closes to complete a circuit for instrument activation. Preliminary tests on the proposed switch have shown that switch-to-switch variations exist due to fabrication and assembly tolerances, and that combinations of variations may lead to a switch that does not respond properly. If the switch does not close at the proper time, improper data may be collected; or, at worst, no data may be collected before destructive impact. In this paper, a nonlinear model of the switch closing dynamics is developed in order to investigate the effect of uncertainty on its operation. In particular, the propagation of uncertainty from the switch parameters to the switch dynamics is quantified, and then the design is optimized such that the operation of the switch is insensitive to the variation and uncertainty. The results of the analysis elucidate the parameters that significantly impact switch operation, quantify the reliability of the existing switch design, and ultimately are used to recommend a design that could significantly improve reliability.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Natural selection in Ipomopsis hybrid zones: implications for ecological speciation

Summary The fitness of hybrids relative to parental species plays an important role in models of speciation. In ecological speciation, reproductive isolation evolves owing to divergent natural selection, which implies reduced fitness of hybrid phenotypes. The source of the divergent selection in flowering plants may be animal pollinators, or environmental features of habitats that lead to physiological adaptations. Reciprocal transplants, combined with examination of pollination and other fitness components, allow exploration of these mechanisms of speciation. Much of this information is available from hybrid zones between Ipomopsis aggregata and Ipomopsis tenuituba. Pollination studies reveal some disruptive selection on corolla width, but also geographical variation in pollinator preference, and hybrids do not generally suffer lower pollination. Survival of hybrids depends on both genotype and environment. One genotypic class of hybrids is as fit or more fit than the parents, while another type suffers reduced fitness in parental environments. The dynamics of this hybrid zone involve a complex mixture of selection mediated by pollinators and other sources, and this combination of selection may have contributed to the original speciation.
The Implications of Emergent Literacy Research for Children With Developmental Disabilities

Recent research in emergent literacy has led to a conceptualization of literacy learning as a continuous process that begins at birth. Such a view has critical implications for children with develo...
VC Experience and the Innovative Outcomes and Legal Environment of Startups: A Global Analysis

Globalization spurs the debate about the importance of performance effects of firm versus environment heterogeneity. Since mainstream strategy paradigms focus on how firm heterogeneity affects perf...
Some theoretical considerations concerning texture analysis of radiographic images

A significant amount of the diagnostic information contained in radiographic images is of a textural nature. This is indicated by the presence of the adjectives "fluffy, honeycombed, spotted, etc." in the radiologist descriptive vocabulary. Unfortunately, the textural patterns representing disease entities On radiographs are fairly complex. If one couples this fact with the obvious need for correct classification of disease entities, then the problem of choosing the "best" texture algorithm becomes one of concern. The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical comparison of the "innate" abilities of four texture analysis algorithms to do automated texture discrimination. The algorithms to be examined are the Spatial Gray Level Dependence Method, the Gray Level Run Length Method, the Power Spectral Method, and the Gray Level Difference Method.
Physical characteristics and health effects of aerosols from collapsed buildings.

Airborne pollutants can rise to extreme levels when large buildings fall down. The terrorist attack on New York's World Trade Center (WTC) towers caused the release of an enormous quantity of pulverized building materials and combustion products into the local environment. Particulate matter (PM) from crushed WTC building materials is primarily non-respirable (>96% larger than 10 µm mass median aerodynamic diameter [MMAD]) and composed of fibrous and nonfibrous components such as gypsum, calcite, silica, glass fibers, cellulose, and asbestos. Respirable fine WTC PM (PM2.5) may include finely crushed building materials as well as combustion products such as dioxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Rescue workers at the WTC site had exposure-related increases in the incidences of nasal congestion, bronchial hyperreactivity to aerosolized methacholine, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and persistent cough. Toxicological studies in mice indicate that WTC PM2.5 causes airflow obstruction above a cr...
Inattention, impulsive action, and subjective response to d-amphetamine

Background Both impulsivity and sensitivity to the rewarding effects of drugs have long been considered risk factors for drug abuse. There is some preclinical evidence to suggest that the two are related; however, there is little information about how specific behavioral components of impulsivity are related to the acute euphorigenic effects of drugs in humans. The aim of the current study was to examine the degree to which both inattention and impulsive action predicted subjective response to amphetamine.
The effect of surface tension on rimming flows in a partially filled rotating cylinder

We study the shape of the interface in a partially filled horizontal cylinder which is rotating about its axis. Two-dimensional steady solutions for the interface height are examined under the assumptions that the filling fraction is small, inertia may be neglected, and the fluid forms a continuous film covering the surface. Three different regimes of steady solutions have been reported in the literature, corresponding to limits in which the ratio of gravitational to viscous forces (as defined in the text) is small, moderate or large. In each case, solutions have only been described analytically in the limit that surface tension effects are negligible everywhere. We use analytical and numerical methods, include surface tension and study steady solutions in a regime when the ratio of gravitational to viscous forces is large. This solution comprises a fluid pool that sits near the bottom of the cylinder and a film that coats the sides and top of the cylinder, the thickness of which can be determined by Landau–Levich–Derjaguin type arguments. We also examine the effect of surface tension on the solutions in the limits of the ratio of gravity to viscous forces being moderate and small.
A note on the equations of a thermoelastic plate

Abstract It is proved that the equations of a linear thermoelastic plate are associated with an analytic semigroup.
Stone size limits the use of Hounsfield units for prediction of calcium oxalate stone composition.

Objective To evaluate the role of stone size in predicting urinary calculus composition using Hounsfield units on noncontrasted computed tomography (CT) scan. Methods A retrospective review was performed for all patients who underwent ureteroscopy or percutaneous nephrolithotomy during a 1-year period, had a stone analysis performed, and had CT imaging available for review. All CT scans were reviewed by a board-certified radiologist. Variables evaluated included age, sex, body mass index, stone size, stone location, Hounsfield units (HUs), and stone composition. Results We identified a total of 91 patients (41 men and 50 women) with CT imaging and stone analysis available for review. Stone analysis showed 41 calcium oxalate monohydrate (CaOxMH), 13 calcium oxalate dihydrate, 29 calcium phosphate, 5 uric acid, 2 struvite, and 1 cystine stone. Average age was 46 years, and average body mass index was 32 kg/m 2 . Measured HUs varied significantly with size for CaOxMH and calcium oxalate dihydrate stones ( P values P = .126). Using a CaOxMH identification value of 700-1000 HUs, 28 of 41 stone compositions (68%) would not have been correctly identified, including all 10 (100%) small ( 10 mm) stones (55%). Conclusion For calcium stones, the ability of CT HUs to predict stone composition was limited, likely due to the mixed stone composition. Within a cohort of CaOxMH stone formers, measured HUs varied linearly with stone size. All stones
What's new in bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis?

Trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis are often grouped together despite major differences in etiology, pathophysiology, and transmission implications. The reason these two entities are frequently considered together is that they present with elevated vaginal pH, major shifts in vaginal flora, and abnormal vaginal discharge that is characteristically malodorous (Table 1). These conditions share major risk factors, epidemiologic characteristics, and complications, and are treated primarily with the nitroimidazole class of drugs. Perhaps the most poignant reason for considering these conditions together is that they frequently coexist, although few data have been published regarding their concurrence. In one study, Trichomoniasis vaginalis was significantly associated with the presence of clue cells on microscopy [1]. Moreover, because there was a greater prevalence of T vaginalis in women who had Nugent intermediate Gram stain scores (4–6) and high bacterial vaginosis (BV) scores (7–10), it was suggested that trichomoniasis may predispose to bacterial vaginosis [2]. This article is not intended to be an extensive, inclusive review of either subject, but to emphasize recent advances in epidemiology, diagnosis, and therapy of these two disparate entities.
Navigation and control of blind robots in sensorized environments

In this paper we discuss a new approach for developing useful robotic systems. The main idea is to simplify the robotic systems by eliminating the sensory and control hardware from the robotic platform. Such `sensor-less' systems have significant advantages over the more traditional `sensor-driven' systems. The paper demonstrates the efficacy of this new approach for autonomous navigation of removing robots that require no onboard sensing or control.
A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay for glycosylases

Abstract A GC-MS method was developed to assay enzymes that cleave glycosidic bonds. The method determines the quantity and identity of each reducing sugar released by enzymes from microgram quantities of oligo- and polysaccharides. The method was developed by studying the ability of enzymes in pea stem extracts to hydrolyse xyloglucan and xyloglucan oligosaccharides. Enzymically treated substrates were reduced with sodium borohydride. The glycosidic bonds remaining in the substrates were hydrolysed with acid and the newly formed glycoses reduced with sodium borodeuteride. The hydrogen- and deuterium-reduced alditols were then acetylated, GC-MS was used to separate the resulting alditol acetates and to determine the amount of each species that was hydrogen- and deuterium-reduced. The ratio of the amount of each alditol that was hydrogen-reduced to that which was deuterium-reduced determined the percent of the glycosidic bonds of each sugar that was enzymically hydrolysed. Enzyme extracts of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-treated pea stems cleaved a greater proportion of the glycosidic linkages of the xyloglucan substrates than did extracts of tissue not treated with the auxin.
Equine infectious anemia virus, a putative lentivirus, contains polypeptides analogous to prototype-C oncornaviruses

Abstract The polypeptide composition of purified radioactive leucine or glucosamine-labeled equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) was investigated using guanidine hydrochloride gel filtration (GHCI-GF) and high-resolution sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and compared to Friend murine leukemia virus (FLV), a prototype-C oncornavirus. The apparent molecular weights and relative abundance of each EIAV polypeptide were calculated. The results of these studies indicate that EIAV contains four major nonglycosylated proteins (p26, p15, p11, and p9) and two glycoproteins (gp90 and gp45), which together account for greater than 95% of the total virion protein. Four minor polypeptides of unknown significance were also detected reproducibly. EIAV gp90 appears to be the more heavily glycosylated polypeptide, while the gp45 component aggregates in 6 M GHCI, evidently reflecting a hydrophobic character. No disulfide linkages were detected between the EIAV glycoproteins. These observations demonstrate for the first time that EIAV contains polypeptides analogous to prototype-C oncornaviruses, such as FLV. However, the demonstrated serological unrelatedness between EIAV and FLV was reflected in biochemical differences in protein apparent molecular weights and by the resistance of EIAV nonglycosylated proteins to dissociation in GHCI, a property shared by visna virus.
Critical issues encountered in experiments and measurements involving optical turbulence

The successful design and operation of high energy laser (HEL) and laser communication systems require a comprehensive and thorough knowledge of the real turbulent atmosphere coupled with high-fidelity realistic laser beam propagation models. To date, modeling and simulation of laser beam propagation through atmospheric turbulence have relied upon a traditional theoretical basis that assumes the existence of homogeneous, isotropic, stationary, and Kolmogorov turbulence. The real impact of the refractive index structure parameter ( C2n ) on laser beam propagation including effects of non-classical turbulence as well as inner (lo) and outer scale (Lo) effects will be examined. Observations clearly show turbulence is often layered and is produced by wave activity and episodic events such as Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities. Other critical turbulence issues involve the relationship between mechanical and optical turbulence and the effect of path variability of turbulence and inner scale on optical turbulence parameters over long paths. These issues will be examined from data obtained from five systems: a) a new measurement platform using a free-flying balloon that lifts a ring with a boom upon which are mounted several fine wire (1-mm diameter) sensors to measure high-speed temperature and velocity fluctuations, b) a new system using a kite/tethered blimp platform that obtains both profile and measurements at a fixed altitude over time, c) a 50 MHz radar at Vandenberg Air Force Base that senses at high temporal and spatial resolution to 20 km ASL, d) an instrumented aircraft system, and e) a suite of optical systems. The first four systems all provide estimates of C2n , the eddy dissipation rate (V), lo and Lo. Methods of calibration and problems of interpreting results from the measurement systems are discussed.
Effects of Stocking Catchable-Sized Hatchery Rainbow Trout on Wild Rainbow Trout Abundance, Survival, Growth, and Recruitment

Abstract The Idaho Department of Fish and Game has proactively dealt with the potential adverse genetic effects of stocking catchable-sized hatchery trout in waters that support native salmonids by adopting a policy in 2001 whereby only sterile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss are stocked in flowing waters; however, concerns regarding the competitive effects of introducing hatchery trout into streams and rivers supporting wild trout have not been addressed. We stocked fish in the middle 3 years of a 5-year study to assess whether stocking hatchery rainbow trout of catchable size (hereafter, catchables) reduced the abundance, survival, growth, or recruitment of wild rainbow trout in streams. Catchables averaging 249 mm total length (TL) were stocked from 2006 to 2008 at an annual density of 4.2 fish/100 m2 into 12 treatment reaches of stream that were paired with control reaches at least 3 km apart in the same stream in which no stocking occurred. Wild rainbow trout abundance (including all fish ≥75 mm TL...
Social parasitism in fire ants (Solenopsis spp.): a potential mechanism for interspecies transfer of Wolbachia

One possible mechanism for interspecific transfer of Wolbachia is through the intimate contact between parasites and their hosts. We surveyed 10 species of fly parasitoids ( Pseudacteon spp.) and one inquiline social parasite, Solenopsis daguerrei , for the presence and sequence identity ( wsp gene) of Wolbachia . Two Wolbachia variants infecting S. daguerrei were identical to known variants infecting the two common ant host species, Solenopsis invicta and Solenopsis richteri , suggesting possible transfers of Wolbachia between this parasite and their hosts have occurred. Our data also revealed an unexpectedly high diversity of Wolbachia variants within S. daguerrei : up to eight variants were found within each individual, which, to our knowledge, is the highest reported number of Wolbachia variants infecting a single individual of any host species.
Warp Break Detection in Jacquard Weaving Using Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems: Effect of Yarn Type:

This paper reports a study aimed at detecting warp breaks in terms of yarn type using a Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) accelerometer based detection system, which has been described in ear...
Luteolytic and abortifacient effects of serial intramuscular injections of 15(S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin F2α in early pregnancy

Abstract Pregnancy was successfully terminated in 8 of 9 patients 5 to 6 weeks after the last menstrual period by serial intramuscular injections of 15(S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin F 2α (15-ME-PGF 2α ). In one patient the treatment induced vaginal bleeding and a drop in hormone levels, but the patient did not completely abort and the uterus had to be evacuated. Serial intramuscular injections of 15-ME-PGF 2α appeared to have some luteolytic effect, resulting in a significant drop in progesterone and estradiol levels. However, it is uncertain if the luteolytic effect of the prostaglandin was the precipitating factor in the abortion since the administration of 15-ME-PFG 2α was accompanied by strong uterine activity which played a role in the abortion.
Spatial Redistribution of Nitrogen by Cattle in Semiarid Rangeland

Nitrogen (N) availability can strongly influence forage quality and the capacity for semiarid rangelands to respond to increasing atmospheric CO2. Although many pathways of nitrogen input and loss from rangelands have been carefully quantified, cattlemediated N losses are often poorly understood. We used measurements of cattle N consumption rate, weight gains, and spatial distribution in shortgrass rangeland of northeastern Colorado to evaluate the influence of cattle on rangeland N balance. Specifically, we estimated annual rates of N loss via cattle weight gains and spatial redistribution of N into pasture corners and areas near water tanks, and used previous studies to calculate ammonia volatilization from urine patches. Using measurements of plant biomass and N content inside and outside grazing cages over 13 yr, we estimate that cattle stocked at 0.65 animal unit
Stability of Circular Couette Flow With Constant Finite Acceleration

The stability of flow in a Couette flow apparatus induced by the motion of the inner cylinder brought to its final speed through a constant finite acceleration is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The instability of the flow manifests itself in the simultaneous occurrence of Taylor vortices more or less evenly spaced along the inner cylinder. A linear stability analysis using the initial-value problem approach is applied to this flow situation. Its prediction on the delay of the onset time of secondary flow and the increase in critical wavelength when the acceleration is reduced from infinite to finite values is generally confirmed by the experimental results.
Received Signal Strength Characterization for Wireless Sensor Networking

In this paper we experimentally investigate performances of received signal strength indicator of real components for 2.4GHz RF environment, with particular attention to IEEE802.15.4 compliant transceivers (it has been adopted an MC13192 from Freescale). Results can be used to detect limits, in terms of performance, of the recently proposed algorithms based on radio signal strength indication, as localization methods or channel selection strategies to decrease power dissipation of a wireless node. Experimental results indicate a good linearity (2dB) in a limited power range [-80,- 50] dBm. Additional experiments have been also performed using a proprietary solution (formally CYWUSB6935 from Cypress), showing poorer results, in particular a non linear response. Key word -RSSI, Wireless communication, RF power measurement.
Research to Practice in Occupational Health Nursing

Occupational health nursing research has gained a significant place in national and international nursing programs and has advanced occupational health nurses' understanding of the most effective ways to prevent occupational illness and injury, provide access to quality care for workers, and manage occupational injuries and return to work. This article describes the history of nursing research in general and highlights the current national shortages that must be addressed to ensure that nurses continue to impact the field. Occupational health nursing priorities are described and examples are given of nurse scientists who have established the foundation of occupational health nursing research and who illustrate varied expertise and the interdisciplinary context in which the work is conducted.
Permissive roles of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase and Akt in skeletal myocyte maturation.

Skeletal muscle differentiation, maturation, and regeneration are regulated by interactions between signaling pathways activated by hormones and growth factors, and intrinsic genetic programs contr...
John Milton's rhetoric

John Milton continues to be regarded as a great English writer of poetry and prose, but minimum attention is given to his practice of the art of persuasion. This essay reviews Miltonic research concerned with Milton's rhetoric, examines his persuasive intentions, and poses pertinent questions for further research.
Membrane phospholipid synthesis and endoplasmic reticulum function

This review presents an overview of mammalian phospholipid synthesis and the cellular locations of the biochemical activities that produce membrane lipid molecular species. The generalized endoplasmic reticulum compartment is a central site for membrane lipid biogenesis, and examples of the emerging relationships between alterations in lipid composition, regulation of membrane lipid biogenesis, and cellular secretory function are discussed.
Importance of oxygen functions in the biological hydroxylation of flavonoids by absidia blackesleeana

1. The synthesis and microbiological transformation of 2-phenyl-1-tetralone (compound 3, 1-deoxyisoflavanone), 3-phenyl-l-tetralone (compound 4, 1-deoxyflavanone), 2-phenylchroman (compound 7, 4-deoxyflavanone), 3-phenylchroman (compound 8, 4-deoxyisoflavanone) and 1,2-dihydro-3-phenylnaphthalene (compound 10, 1,4-dideoxy-dehydroflavanone) by Absidia blackesleeana are described.2. Compounds 3, 4, 7 and 8 were hydroxylated at the 4′-position while compound 10 was not utilized as a substrate. The two phenylchroman analgoues 7 and 8 gave approximately the same yield (22% and 26%, respectively) of the 4′-hydroxylation products, while the phenyltetralone analogues 3 and 4 showed significant differences in 4′-hydroxylation (2% and 47%, respectively).
Motivating energy suppliers to promote energy conservation

We examine the design of regulatory policy to induce electric utilities to deliver the surplus-maximizing level of energy efficiency services, $$e^{*}$$ . The rebound effect (whereby increased energy efficiency stimulates the demand for energy) typically renders revenue decoupling insufficient in this regard. The additional financial incentive required to induce $$e^{*}$$ is shown to vary with such factors as the prevailing price of energy, the magnitude of the rebound effect, the extent of observable energy efficiency investments, and the utility’s objective.
Utilization of Glucose and the Effect of Organic Compounds on the Chemolithotroph Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

The utilization of glucose by the chemolithotroph Thiobacillus ferrooxidans results in a repression of the ability to oxidize iron, the substrate for autotrophic growth. An assay with resting cells was used to measure iron oxidation rates. Concomitant with the decreased iron oxidation rates, the enzyme responsible for carbon dioxide fixation, ribulose diphosphate (RuDP) carboxylase, was also repressed. Maximum iron oxidation rates precede peak RuDP carboxylase levels, consistent with the role of these processes in autotrophic metabolism in nonrepressed cells. The degree of iron oxidation repression depends on the organic substrate supplied, as does the level of RuDP carboxylase. The uptake of glucose parallels an increase in synthesis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the accumulation in cells of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate. The organism is also capable of growing on glucose and other organic supplements in the absence of its inorganic energy source; growth rates depend on the organic substrate supplied.
Firm Behavior In Oligopolistic Markets: Evidence From A Business Simulation Game

Oligopolistic markets are known to be associated with a high degree of price and output rigidity. This is due to mutual interdependencies among firms in the market with regard to price and production. The primary objective of this research is to use a business simulation game to observe the convergence in pricing that is part and parcel of the gamesmanship that occurs in an oligopoly market. A second objective of this research is to observe how a firms investments influence future productive potential. A third objective is to explore whether firm behavior changes after the other firms ex post decisions are revealed after the first four quarters of the simulation. Both descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used. Given the longitudinal nature of the data, random-effects specifications in all regressions were employed. Evidence of price rigidity was observed, especially within the first four periods when firms are not able to observe the other firms choices. Furthermore, investments in marketing and robotics appear to positively impact production. Confirming theory and previous literature, oligopolistic firms need to contend with the jockeying for position and the concomitant stickiness in prices. Therefore, it is of critical importance for firms to formulate appropriate strategies in order to succeed in an oligopoly setting.
Oxidative Stress and Atrial Fibrillation

The pathological processes involved in initiation and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation (AF) are still unclear. AF is associated with systemic and cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation. Many risk factors for AF, such as aging and diabetes, are associated with an increased level of reactive oxygen species. In addition, oxidative stress has been shown at both cellular and tissue levels to be arrhythmogenic. Mechanisms of oxidative stress–induced arrhythmia involve a wide range of biological processes and signaling pathways, mainly resulting in abnormal Na+ current and intracellular Ca2+ handling. These lead to early and delayed afterdepolarizations as well as effects on conduction velocity through gap junctional remodeling. Oxidative stress is likely to participate with other central mechanisms of arrhythmia, particularly with inflammation and myocardial fibrosis, to promote AF. Understanding these mechanisms should provide better potential therapeutic targets for treatment of the arrhythmia and its complications. In this chapter, we summarize the role of oxidative stress in AF and some potential therapeutic strategies.
Information Dynamics Across Sub-Networks: Germs, Genes, and Memes

Beyond belief change and meme adoption, both genetics and infection have been spoken of in terms of information transfer. What we examine here, concentrating on the specific case of transfer between sub-networks, are the differences in network dynamics in these cases: the different network dynamics of germs, genes, and memes. Germs and memes, it turns out, exhibit a very different dynamics across networks. For infection, measured in terms of time to total infection, it is network type rather than degree of linkage between sub-networks that is of primary importance. For belief transfer, measured in terms of time to consensus, it is degree of linkage rather than network type that is crucial. Genes model each of these other dynamics in part, but match neither in full. For genetics, like belief transfer and unlike infection, network type makes little difference. Like infection and unlike belief, on the other hand, the dynamics of genetic information transfer within single and between linked networks are much the same. In ways both surprising and intriguing, transfer of genetic information seems to be robust across network differences crucial for the other two.
To See or Not to See

With the increasing focus on knowledge workers as a form of competitive advantage, a trend in managerial practice has been expanding input on performance appraisals to include multiple ratings from peers, subordinates, and others (commonly known as 360-degree feedback). Despite the widespread use of these methods, business students are not commonly taught effective processes for conducting evaluation of others’ performance. Our study compares and contrasts three media tools for completing peer evaluations of performance: traditional text-based narrative, audio recordings, and video recordings. Recent advances in computer technology make it easy to record a sound file (a WAV file) or to capture the action on a computer screen as well as sound and (AVI (audio-video interleaved) movie file). These new technologies raise questions about how these media could be used in producing knowledge in everyday business activities. Proponents might wonder whether videos will displace e-mail with v-mail. Skeptics might describe the failed attempts of manufacturers to sell talking cameras or microwave ovens.
Beyond 'Earlygold': Juice Color and Quality of Additional Early-Maturing Sweet Orange Selections 1

This publication summarizes 5 years of juice quality information about 15 early-maturing sweet orange selections introduced to Florida and evaluated after ‘Earlygold’ became available. The trees were grown at a central Florida and Indian River location for about 10 years. Also presented are observations on tree development summarized across both locations and two rootstocks. This 8-page fact sheet was written by William S. Castle and published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, January 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1209
Development of cholinergic neurons in rat brain regions : Dose-dependent effects of propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism

Abstract The effects of hypothyroidism on development of cholinergic system in brain regions (prefrontal cortex and hippocampus) were evaluated by measuring choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and hemicholinium-3 binding to the high-affinity choline transporter. Various degrees of thyroid deficiency were produced by perinatal exposure to propylthiouracil (PTU) in drinking water ranging from 5 ppm (mg/l) to 25 ppm beginning at gestational day 18 until postnatal day 21. ChAT, a marker for cholinergic nerve terminals, was reduced by PTU in a dose-dependent manner. Concomitant with the enzyme deficits, hemicholinium-3 binding was elevated, suggesting an increase in neuronal impulse activity. Although similar changes were seen in both brain regions examined, the magnitude and duration of these changes were more definitive in the prefrontal cortex. Nonetheless, these neurochemical alterations appeared to be recoverable when the rats returned to a euthyroid state, and no further changes were observed as the animals reached adulthood. In comparison, data reported in a succeeding article indicate that deficits in cognitive function were first seen in weanling hypothyroid rats, but that the behavioral impairments lasted well into adulthood when thyroid status and cholinergic parameters in the brain appeared to have recovered to normal. These results suggest that alterations of cholinergic system caused by perinatal hypothyroidism are associated with neurobehavioral deficits at weaning, and these developmental deviations may cause permanent impairment of cognitive function despite recovery from the hormonal imbalance at adult ages. Published by Elsevier Science Inc.
What Does Foreign Inflation Tell Us About Future Domestic Inflation? Evidence from the G7 Countries

This paper evaluates the ability of foreign inflation to predict future domestic inflation. A simple model is proposed which obeys an error correction representation. The error correction term has significant predictive ability over future domestic inflation in all G7 countries and in horizons that vary from one- to thirty six-months. Out-of-sample comparisons reveal that the proposed model outperforms in a significant way, univariate models at the one- and two-month horizons. This is a useful result for policymakers, since interest rate models, for instance, are unable to provide useful information about future domestic inflation in horizons shorter than six months.
Winter Activities of Vespula maculifrons

It has been noted by Evans (1963a), Michener and Michener (1951), and others that even protected subterranean colonies of vespids rarely persist beyond early fall. However, unusual activity in a large aerial nest of the yellow jacket Vespula maculifrons (Buysson) was noted by us on December 1, 1966. Although of a primarily terrestrial species, the colony was in a stack of empty be supers in an unheated barn loft. The paper nest completely filled the interior of 4 shallow supers and measured 14¾×19¼×19 in. The ambient temperature in the barn was similar to the outside temperature.
The Child's Conception of Economic Relations; A Study of Cognitive Socialization

Abstract This paper reports the findings of an exploratory study of the development of the child's conception of economic activities, relations, and institutions. On the basis of clinical interviews with children between the ages of four and 12, we present a descriptive overview of the development of the child's representation of economic phenomena, devoting special attention to an analysis of the underlying structural characteristics of this developmental process. This research provides the empirical basis for advancing a number of theoretical propositions concerning the process of cognitive socialization and the nature of the child's conception of social relations in general
Determination of urinary transferrin and β_2-microglobulin of newborns with asphyxia

Aim:To observe the changes of the Urinary Transferrin(TRF)and β2-microglobulin(β2-MG)of the newborn with asphyxia.Methods:A Total of 51 cases of newborns with asphyxia and 206 cases of normal infants were subjected to measure TRF and β2-MG in the first urine and 24 hours after birth.Urine nitrogen(BUN)and creatinine(Cr)were also detected at the same time in asphyxia group.Results:Abnormal rates and the levels of urine TRF and β2-MG in asphyxia group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P0.05).The levels and the abnormal rates of urine TRF and β2-MG in the mild asphyxia group were lower than those of the severe asphyxia group,but there was no significant difference in the second time(P0.05).Conclusion:Urine TRF and β2-MG were sensitive indicators in the reflection of early neonatal asphyxia glomerular and tubular function.
Chemical Behavior of Methane in Atmosphere

Methane as an important greenhouse gas has been attracting people's attention to its chemical behavior. The rice field emission, livestock emission, marshland emission are important sources and reacting on OH radical is major sink for methane. The methane concentration is increasing at 1% per year, which affects not only climate change but OH, O_3 concentration change in atmosphere.
Study of phase analysis on tin slurry in tin electroplating solution

The analysis methods,which consisted of scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier infrared spectrum(FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),were used to characterize the tin slurry produced in the process of Ferrostan continuous electrolytic tin solution.From the results,it was shown that there existed C,O,S and Sn in the tin slurry.Through cleaning by deionized water,the main content of the slurry was tin compound and a small quantity of phenol sulfonate for the compositions of the original electrolyte were dissolved to the water.The XPS narrow scanning spectra showed that the peak of Sn 3d5/2 existed at 486.9 eV,which corresponded to the quadrivalence tin element(SnO2).
Postmenopausal Symptoms in Female Veterans with Type 2 Diabetes: Glucose Control and Symptom Severity

Abstract Background: While type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common condition of midlife women, few studies have examined its influence on the symptom features of menopause. To explore this relationship, we conducted a study of symptom patterns of diabetic patients using a random sample of female veterans receiving care in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare system. Methods: A cross-sectional comparison was conducted with three groups of postmenopausal respondents (ages 45–60 years) to a mailed national survey who also consented to clinical data access: no diabetes (n=90), diabetes with better glucose control (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]≤7%, n=135) and diabetes with worse glucose control (HbA1c>7%, n=102). Results: Respondents, on average, were obese (body mass index: 33.9±0.4 kg/m2), 11.30±0.2 years postmenopause, with more than one chronic illness. Despite higher body mass index and increased comorbidities in women with diabetes compared with nondiabetic women, measures of mental health (anxiety, depressed mood...
An Outcome and Cost Analysis Comparing Single-Level Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using Intraoperative Fluoroscopy versus Computed Tomography–Guided Navigation

Background Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) has undergone significant evolution since its conception as a fusion technique to treat lumbar spondylosis. Minimally invasive TLIF is commonly performed using intraoperative two-dimensional fluoroscopic x-rays. However, intraoperative computed tomography (CT)–based navigation during minimally invasive TLIF is gaining popularity for improvements in visualizing anatomy and reducing intraoperative radiation to surgeons and operating room staff. This is the first study to compare clinical outcomes and cost between these 2 imaging techniques during minimally invasive TILF. Methods For comparison, 28 patients who underwent single-level minimally invasive TLIF using fluoroscopy were matched to 28 patients undergoing single-level minimally invasive TLIF using CT navigation based on race, sex, age, smoking status, payer type, and medical comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index). The minimum follow-up time was 6 months. The 2 groups were compared in regard to clinical outcomes and hospital reimbursement from the payer perspective. Results Average surgery time, anesthesia time, and hospital length of stay were similar for both groups, but average estimated blood loss was lower in the fluoroscopy group compared with the CT navigation group (154 mL vs. 262 mL; P = 0.016). Oswestry Disability Index, back visual analog scale, and leg visual analog scale scores similarly improved in both groups ( P > 0.05) at 6-month follow-up. Cost analysis showed that average hospital payments were similar in the fluoroscopy versus the CT navigation groups ($32,347 vs. $32,656; P = 0.925) as well as payments for the operating room ( P = 0.868). Conclusions Single minimally invasive TLIF performed with fluoroscopy versus CT navigation showed similar clinical outcomes and cost at 6 months.
Afghanistan: Enduring Freedom and Infinite Justice

To say that the 9/11 attacks dramatically reshaped US foreign policy would be to patently state the obvious. Indeed, in the view of many, 9/11 remains a transformational event that has significantly reconfigured American society, US foreign policy, and the international system (Kellner, 2003). From the standpoint of this research, the chief importance of 9/11 stems not from the allegedly transformative effects of the 9/11 attacks on American foreign policy and society, but rather in its function as a catalyst for a major foreign policy crisis for the United States and for the overarching policy legacy of the George W. Bush Administration, a ‘Global War on Terrorism’ (Dolan, 2005).
Direct Marketing: The Future is Now

Marketing educators have an opportunity and a responsibility to serve the economic community and their students by adding a direct marketing course to their curriculum. Virtually every individual, institution or company that has a need to communicate and promote a product or service uses direct marketing.
Abstract 4206: A dual-motif CAIX inhibitor, [64Cu]XYIMSR-06, for PET imaging of clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a cell surface enzyme that is over-expressed in approximately 95% of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs), the most common renal cancer. CAIX is also a surrogate marker of hypoxic tumors for various human cancers; however, a clinically viable molecular imaging agent targeting CAIX is not available. We have synthesized and performed in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a dual-motif, low-molecular-weight inhibitor of CAIX, [ 64 Cu] XYIMSR-06, for imaging CAIX expression on ccRCC tumors using positron emission tomography (PET). [ 64 Cu] XYIMSR-06 was synthesized in two steps from reported dual-motif precursor 1. Upon radiolabeling, [ 64 Cu] XYIMSR-06 was evaluated in immunocompromised mice bearing CAIX-expressing SK-RC-52 tumors for in vivo PET imaging and biodistribution. [ 64 Cu] XYIMSR-06 was generated in radiochemical yields of 51.0 ± 4.5% (n = 5) and specific radioactivity of 6.0 GBq/μmol (170Ci/mmol ± 70, n = 5). Tumor could be visualized on PET images by 1 h post-injection with high tumor-to-background levels achieved within 24 h. Biodistribution studies of [ 64 Cu] XYIMSR-06 demonstrated a maximum tumor uptake of 19.3 ± 4.51% injected dose per gram of radioactivity at 4 h. Tumor-to- blood, muscle and kidney ratios were 129.6 ± 18.8, 84.3 ± 21.0 and 2.1 ± 0.26, respectively, at 8 h post-injection. At 24 h, a tumor-to-kidney ratio of 7.1±2.5 was achieved. These findings represent increased tumor-to-background ratios at the indicated times relative to previously reported CAIX-targeted imaging agents. [ 64 Cu] XYIMSR-06 is a promising candidate for PET imaging of CAIX expressing tumors, especially ccRCC. Citation Format: IL MINN, Soo Min Koo, Hye Soo Lee, Mary Brummet, Steven P. Rowe, Michael A. Gorin, Polina Sysa-Shah, William D. Lewis, Hye-Hyun Ahn, Yuchuan Wang, Sangeeta Ray, Ronnie C. Mease, Sridhar Nimmagadda, Mohamad E. Allaf, Martin G. Pomper, Xing Yang. A dual-motif CAIX inhibitor, [64Cu]XYIMSR-06, for PET imaging of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4206.
Developmental Studies on Plant Thioredoxin Systems

Thioredoxins are low molecular weight disulfide proteins that participate in a variety of cellular oxidoreduction reactions. Thioredoxins are reduced enzymically with either NADPH or reduced ferredoxin. An NADP/thioredoxin system, consisting of NADPH, NADP-thioredoxin reductase (NTR), and thioredoxin has been described for wheat seeds (flour) (Suske et al., 1979). While readily detected in seeds, repeated attempts by our laboratory to demonstrate this system in green leaves have failed. These observations suggest that the NADP/thioredoxin system is functional in heterotrophic growth, but disappears during greening when the ferredoxin/thioredoxin system, consisting of reduced ferredoxin, ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase (FTR), and thioredoxin becomes functional. By using plant tissue culture as a model system, we now report evidence that this is the case.
Embodied Judgment in Hannah Arendt: From Boethius and Huck Finn to Transnational Feminisms

Feminists have found Arendt helpful in articulating a theory of judgment across cultural differences. Embodiment enters this discussion, usually, through attention to enlarged mentality. In contrast, I approach embodiment and judgment by looking at undertheorized connections with Arendt’s conception of “thinking.” Drawing on a discussion of Boethius and Huckleberry Finn, I suggest that persons are led to thinking (and to judgment) by lived contradictions, that is, by instances in which their experiences cannot be interpreted through dominant norms in their society or culture. I also consider a claim that oppression hinders a person’s ability to be receptive to enlarged mentality, thus making it difficult for oppressed persons in Third World contexts to exercise judgment. In response, I examine how an oppressed person is receptive to meaning-making through negotiating lived contradictions.
Impact of wine technology on the variability of resveratrol and piceids in Saperavi (Vitis vinifera L.)

Abstract The biologically active stilbenoids-resveratrol and its glucosides were identified in the dry bulk wines of different types made with red-grape vintage variety of Saperavi ( Vitis vinifera L.): cis-resveratrol, trans-resveratrol, cis-piceid and trans-piceid. Red and pink wines were made by different technology: I – dry, pink, of a European type; alcoholic fermentation with natural microflora; II – dry, pink, of a European type; alcoholic fermentation with dry yeast “B2000”. III – red, dry; alcoholic fermentation with no-stem pomace and aging on it for 5 months; IV – dry, red, of a Kakhetian type; alcoholic fermentation with stem pomace with natural microflora and aging on it for 5 months; V – dry, red, of a Kakhetian type, with preliminary fermentation of cluster stems, then, alcoholic fermentation with natural microflora and aging on it for 5 months. The impact of the wine-making technology on the variability of the concentrations of these substances is proved. Kakhetian bulk wines (IV and V) also differ from one another. Bulk wine-V made by the fermentation of grappa fermented in advance contains little concentration of study stilbenoids as a result of the oxidation transformations caused by the preliminary treatment. The role of grape juice, stem and seed in the localization of resveratrols and piceids in the bulk wines is identified.
Management of Trauma Induced Coagulopathy with Thrombelastography

Viscoelastic assays, such as thrombelastography (TEG) and rotational thrombelastometry (ROTEM), have emerged as point-of-care tools that can guide the hemostatic resuscitation of bleeding injured patients. This article describes the role of TEG in contemporary trauma care by explaining this assay's methodology, clinical applications, and result interpretation through description of supporting studies to provide the reader with an evidence-based user's guide. Although TEG and ROTEM are assays based on the same viscoelastic principle, this article is focused on data supporting the use of TEG in trauma, because it is available in trauma centers in North America; ROTEM is mostly available in Europe.