cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Living Stories of Resilience, Resistance, and Resourcefulness

The articles in this special issue of the journal were presented as working papers at two conferences of the Group for New Directions in Pastoral Theology at Princeton Theological Seminary on May 7–9 and October 1–3, 2014. Papers from previous conferences have been published as articles in Pastoral Psychology in the December 2010, June 2011, August 2012, October 2013, and December 2014 issues. We are deeply indebted to Lewis Rambo, editor of Pastoral Psychology, for enabling us to publish the articles as a group. As in previous years, these two conferences had a common theme: BLiving Stories of Resilience, Resistance, and Resourcefulness.^ This theme, which emerged from the closing discussions at the previous year’s conferences in which participants were invited to propose the next year’s theme, was chosen because pastoral theology, as a discipline, has focused over the years on the personal and collective experiences of individuals, families, friendship and support groups, local communities, congregations, and other religious groups; in addition, it has given particular attention to the racial, ethnic, gender, sexual orientation, economic, and health-related issues and concerns that these entities experience on an ongoing basis. As a group dedicated to the recognition and development of Bnew directions^ in pastoral theology, we hoped to develop ideas and strategies for addressing these issues and concerns in new and helpful ways. The theme’s emphasis on Bliving stories^ reflects the insight that came into prominence several decades ago that pastoral theology tends to be story-oriented. Whether the focus of attention is an individual, family, friendship or support group, local community, congregation, or other religious group or organization, pastoral theological studies have typically employed stories to illustrate and explore the concerns and issues being addressed. This story-orientation has its basis in the traditional emphasis of the discipline on the case study, which has been, and continues to be, a prominent feature of chaplaincy and pastoral counseling. However, the story-orientation allows for addressing the racial, ethnic, gender, Pastoral Psychol (2015) 64:549–551 DOI 10.1007/s11089-015-0667-z
Informed watermark embedding in the fractional fourier domain

We propose an informed watermark embedding method in fractional Fourier domain. Detectability and imperceptibility of the watermark sequence constraints as well as real-valuedness in spatial domain are imposed on the resulting image using a set theoretic framework. Insertion of multiple bits without using a block based scheme is also a novel approach and provides improvement against synchronization attacks. The watermarked image is determined using the method of projections onto convex sets (POCS) to simultaneously satisfy the multiple constraints. A performance comparison between blind and informed embedding is illustrated and experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the informed method.
Seventy years of research on personality and close relationships: substantive and methodological trends over time.

The present review is based on a quantitative analysis of the abstracts for 477 studies published since 1932 on the topic of personality and close (romantic) relationships. This approach enables a ''bird's-eye'' view of the content and methods that have characterized research in this area and an examination of publication trends over time. Results showed that 60% of all published studies in this area relied exclusively on cross-sectional and self- report methods; that nearly all used convenience samples, though more than half used nonstudent samples; and that more than one-third relied exclusively on data from individuals rather than couples. Few studies appeared to include elaborated networks of constructs in either the personality or relationship domain or to attempt to integrate an elaborated model of personality with an elaborated relationship model. Examination of trends over time revealed a mixed picture, with increasing use of the least informative designs balanced by evidence of increasingly complex conceptual models.
Bayesian models of child development

Bayesian models have been applied to many areas of cognitive science including vision, language, and motor learning. We discuss the implications of this framework for cognitive development. We first present a brief introduction to the Bayesian framework. Bayesian models make assumptions about representation explicit, and provide a detailed account of learning. Furthermore, they can provide an account of developmental transitions and other phenomena in development, such as curiosity and exploration. Drawing on recent work bridging empirical developmental data and modeling, we show that these features of the Bayesian approach provide solutions to problems that elude traditional accounts of learning and raise new areas of investigation. WIREs Cogn Sci 2015, 6:75-86. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1330 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article. Language: en
Technoscience and Affected Bodies

Technoscientific objects are commonly cast as distant and unfelt by the researchers who study them. How technoscientific objects can act on researchers bodies is rarely explored. This paper reflects on a feminist technoscience study on the Canadian Sexual Assault Evidence Kit (SAEK), a forensic tool used to document survivors’ physical injuries and identify perpetrators of sexual assault. By examining the process of researching the SAEK’s forty-year history, this paper considers how empirical objects can get under researchers’ skin and be felt through and in their bodies. In doing so, this paper examines intersections between affect and technoscience and explores how affected bodies can be useful ‘detectors’ of technoscientific relations and methodological resources for studying technoscience. It proposes that embodied responses to technoscientific objects can deepen understandings of not only the objects themselves, but of the world(s) of relations in which they operate. Artistic rendering is proposed as a methodological strategy for capturing affect in feminist technoscience studies.
Point Systems and International Student Flows

This article is aimed to examining the impact of using point systems to select immigrant on the international student flows, by comparing the international student stock in a certain country before and after the policy change. The research indicates that using point systems in migration policy does increase the international student stock in the receiving countries.
Geometry for Positional and Pairwise Voting

A plurality election is simple; just count how many voters have each candidate top-ranked. It is surprising that using this elementary description to analyze the procedure quickly introduces mathematical complications that severely limit what can be learned.
Reflection and transmission of laser light from the esophagus: The influence of incident angle

The application of lasers in gastrointestinal endoscopy is rapidly expanding. Because of the tubular configuration of the gastrointestinal tract, endoscopists often deliver laser energy at large angles of incidence. As incident angle affects the fraction of radiation reflected from the tissue surface, we measured the transmittance and reflectance of laser light from in vitro esophagus as a function of incident angle, using integrating sphere and goniometric techniques. At a wavelength of 633 nm and angles of incidence less than 50 degrees, the total transmittance of the esophagus is approximately 25% and the total reflectance is approximately 45%; both are isotropically distributed. At larger angles of incidence, a specularly reflected component becomes evident and the total reflectance increases. The absorbed light per unit area illuminated decreases with increasing angle, because the area illuminated by the laser beam is proportional to the secant of the incident angle. The data suggest that during endoscopic laser procedures the incident laser beam should be directed within 50 degrees of normal for optimal performance and safety.
Design, Optimization and Control of a Thermal Energy Storage System

The storage of thermal energy is important in a wide variety of applications. Certainly, in the utilization of solar energy, the storage of the energy received is of particular interest and importance because of the intermittent nature of solar energy. The energy storage system in this case must be able to retain the energy absorbed for at least a few days in order to be able to supply energy, as needed, on cloudy days when the energy input is small For power generation, the desired duration of storage is even longer since the substantially greater absorbed energy in the summer, as compared to that in the winter, is to be retained over several months to meet the demand during the winter. A salt-gradient solar pond is such a long-term storage system [1] For short-term storage requirements, storage of thermal energy in tanks of water, packed beds, phase-change materials and in other high thermal capacity materials have been used for solar energy applications [2,3]. Besides thermal energy, storage systems based on electrical, mechanical and chemical energy have been developed and employed for different applications.
Inductively-Coupled Miniaturized-Element Frequency Selective Surfaces With Narrowband, High-Order Bandpass Responses

We introduce a new technique for designing miniaturized-element frequency selective surfaces (MEFSSs) with narrowband, bandpass responses of order $N\ge2$ . The proposed structure is composed of two-dimensional periodic arrays of subwavelength inductive wire grids separated by dielectric substrates. A simple equivalent circuit model, composed of transmission line resonators coupled together with shunt inductors, is presented for this structure. Using this equivalent circuit model, an analytical synthesis procedure is developed that can be used to synthesize the MEFSS from its desired system-level performance indicators such as the center frequency of operation and bandwidth. Using this synthesis procedure, a prototype of the proposed MEFSS with a second-order bandpass response, center frequency of 21 GHz, and fractional bandwidth of 5% is designed, fabricated, and experimentally characterized. The measurement results confirm the theoretical predictions and the design procedure of the structure and demonstrate that the proposed MEFSS has a stable frequency response with respect to the angle of incidence of the EM wave in the $\pm40^\circ$ range for both TE and TM polarizations of incidence.
LOCALIZATION OF THE SITE OF PROLINE HYDROXYLATION DURING THE CELL-FREE BIOSYNTHESIS OF COLLAGEN.

Abstract We have previously reported a cell-free system derived from chick embryo homogenates in which proline-C 14 is incorporated into protein-bound hydroxyproline associated with the microsomal fraction (Peterkofsky and Udenfriend, 1961) . No significant amounts of protein-bouund hydroxyproline-C 14 were found in the soluble protein fraction. The present communication describes studies carried out with this system which give some information concerning the site of proline hydroxylation.
Solid state NMR investigation of γ-irradiated composite siloxanes: Probing the silica/polysiloxane interface

We employ silicon-proton (29Si{1H}) cross polarization magic-angle spinning (CP-MAS) to probe directly the interface of a silica-filled polysiloxane elastomer subjected to gamma radiation. Using a traditional spin-lock CP experiment in conjunction with a silicon-edited proton rotating-frame longitudinal relaxation sequence, the full suite of CP build-up parameters are extracted for six resolvable silicon chemical shifts. The data, represented by three parameters, THX, T1ρH, and M∞, are interpreted by means of a model where the simultaneous effects of silica surface hydroxyl modification, interfacial water content, and radiation-induced chemistries are considered responsible for the observed macroscopic behavior of these engineering materials.
Edge effects in the membrane analogy: Investigation indicates that edge effect on the membrane analogy is adequately explained by surface tension, although gravity and drainage might play some part in the case of wet membranes

This paper explains the origin and magnitude of an edge effect which causes errors in stress analyses made with the use of the membrane analogy.
Dependence of fatigue failure mechanism on the cycling history of polycrystalline copper

Abstract In order to determine whether or not starting a test in ramp loading has an effect on the fatigue mechanism when the test is continued in constant stress or strain, polycrystalline copper specimens have been cycled to failure in load or strain control, with and without initial ramp loading. The failure mechanisms were studied by fractography and gauge observations using scanning electron microscopy. Ramp loading is found to extend life and to change the failure mode from intergranular to transgranular provided that the stress or strain amplitude lies below the “plateau” in the cyclic stress-strain curve. Ramp loading emphasizes single-slip behavior and loop patch dislocation structures, strain localization and cracking in persistent slip bands, whereas starting a test in constant stress or strain, at intermediate amplitudes, promotes multislip and the cooperative deformation between adjacent grains which is necessary for intergranular cracking.
A Search For Faint Galactic Features

Trying to determine the size of galaxies and looking for tails and connections between galaxies can be intriguing. These very faint features are often buried in the film grain noise. Our study is of the NGC 3623, NGC 3627 and NGC 3628 region. The search for these faint features is complicated by film variation, sky background, microdensitometer drift and stars in the neighborhood of the galaxies. We address these questions and show that faint features can be found with the use of judicious data stretching and averaging along suspected features.
One-step synthesis of FePt nanoparticles with tunable size.

A one-step synthesis of FePt nanoparticles is reported. The size, composition, and shape of the particles are controlled by varying the synthetic parameters such as molar ratio of stabilizers to metal precursor, addition sequence of the stabilizers and metal precursors, heating rate, heating temperature, and heating duration. An assembly of large (6 nm or greater) FePt nanoparticles, especially oxide-coated FePt nanoparticles, can sustain higher temperature (up to 650 °C) annealing without noticeable particle sintering. Room temperature coercivity of an assembly containing discrete FePt dots can reach as high as 1.3 T, a value that is suitable for hard magnetic applications.
Use of color kinesis for evaluation of left ventricular filling in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and mitral regurgitation.

Abstract Objectives. We tested the feasibility of using analysis of color kinesis images to objectively assess global and regional left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In addition, the ability of this technique to track drug-induced changes on LV diastolic properties was studied. Background. Diastolic dysfunction contributes to symptomatology in patients with DCM. The assessment of LV diastolic function using conventional Doppler echocardiography is indirect and is confounded by multiple variables. Moreover, the noninvasive evaluation of regional diastolic properties is difficult. In contrast, color kinesis directly tracks and color-encodes regional diastolic endocardial motion. Methods. We studied 24 patients with DCM and mitral regurgitation (MR) and 24 age-matched normal subjects. Transmitral and pulmonary vein flow velocities were measured using pulsed Doppler echocardiography. Diastolic color kinesis images were used to calculate indexes of magnitude and timing of global and regional diastolic function. Diastolic asynchrony was evaluated in different subgroups of patients with DCM. The effects of drug infusions (nitroprusside and dobutamine) were also studied. Results. Color kinesis indexes of global diastolic function showed significant differences between patients with DCM and normal subjects. Compared with Doppler indexes, color kinesis was less confounded by MR and was capable of differentiating between drug-induced lusitropic and vasodilator effects. Diastolic asynchrony was increased in patients with DCM and severe MR. Conclusions. Quantitative analysis of global and regional LV diastolic function in patients with DCM using color kinesis is feasible.
Why do we need drugs to treat the patient with obesity

Objective: Obesity is a public health problem, which increases the risk of chronic diseases and mortality. Weight loss can reduce mortality and improve most of the detrimental health consequences of obesity. Design and Methods: This paper was developed from two presentations to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which has responsibility for reviewing and approving drugs to treat obesity. Results: A weight loss of 5% or more is sufficient to significantly reduce health risks in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Slightly more weight loss (16% on average, achieved by surgery) reduces mortality. The goal of medicating for obesity is to help more patients achieve more weight loss. A barrier to drug approval has been the concern that weight loss medications might be used by individuals with little or no health risks, thus mandating a low side effect profile for approval of any drug. This limits the options for patients who have obesity-related health problems that could improve with weight loss. Recently the FDA signaled interest in identifying health benefits in higher risk patients that might justify medications with higher risk; however, the potential impact on a large segment of the population has led the FDA to consider requiring a cardiovascular outcome trial for all obesity medications, either prior to or after approval. Conclusion: This review argues that drugs are needed for obesity because they enhance behaviorally induced weight loss and that new medications for obesity are needed in the approval process.
General Booth's Scheme of Social Salvation

IN I890, not many weeks before Christmas, William Booth, founder and first general of the Salvation Army, brought out a three-hundred-page volume that created a sensation in England. Capitalizing on the publicity attracted by Henry Stanley's recently published In Darkest Africa, or the Quest, Rescue, and Retreat of Emin Pasha, Governor of Equatoria, he called his book In Darkest England, and the Way Out. But the general had little need to exploit a catchy title.1 Already for some years he had been one of the most prominent and controversial figures in an England filled with such prominent and controversial figures as Gladstone, Parnell, Chamberlain, Newman, Huxley, Bradlaugh, and Mrs. Annie Besant; and any volume that bore his name was likely to have a wide sale. The subject of his book was also in his favor, for the experience of Cobbett, Carlyle, Disraeli, Ruskin, Morris, George, Bellamy, and the Fabians, among others, had proved that an audience existed for writers who dealt with problems of social change. The nineteenth century, of course, was rich in projects to reconstruct English society. Reformer after reformer, impressed by the dislocations growing out of the mechanization of industry, set forth his proposals to put things right. Undaunted by the failures of his predecessors, each was convinced that, ultimately, his suggestions would be considered, adopted, and applied. Self-confidence and optimism kept him at his project: some day people would listen. But in all the long history of social thought few of the makers of reorganization plans were so well equipped with optimism and self-confidence as General Booth. For this there was a good reason. As the general would have put it, he had not only truth, justice, and humanity but God on his side. In order to demonstrate the need for his experiment in philanthropy, Booth devoted the first part of his book to a review of life in "the darkness." Dealing with the "submerged tenth" of the English population, he offered a graphic description of conditions among the homeless, the unemployed, the vicious, the criminals, and the children of the lost. Closing his touchingly
Characterization of NIST Food-Matrix Standard Reference Materials for their Vitamin C Content

The vitamin C concentrations in three food-matrix Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have been determined by liquid chromatography (LC) with absorbance detection. These materials (SRM 1549a Whole Milk Powder, SRM 1849a Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula, and SRM 3233 Fortified Breakfast Cereal) have been characterized to support analytical measurements made by food processors that are required to provide information about their products’ vitamin C content on the labels of products distributed in the United States. The SRMs are primarily intended for use in validating analytical methods for the determination of selected vitamins, elements, fatty acids, and other nutrients in these materials and in similar matrixes. They can also be used for quality assurance in the characterization of test samples or in-house control materials, and for establishing measurement traceability. Within-day precision of the LC method used to measure vitamin C in the food-matrix SRMs characterized in this study ranged from 2.7 % to 6.5 %.
Radiotherapy of lymphoid diseases of the orbit

Thirty-two patients with orbital pseudotumor (18), reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (2), atypical lymphoid infiltrate (4) or malignant lymphoma (8) were treated in the Division of Radiation Therapy at Stanford University between January 1973 and May 1983. Of the 20 patients with pseudotumor or reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, 10 had unilateral lesions and 10 had bilateral lesions. Biopsy samples were obtained in 15 patients; in five patients with bilateral disease the diagnosis was made on the basis of computed tomography (CT) and clinical findings. The majority of patients were referred because of disease refractory to treatment with corticosteroids. The patients were given a mean dose of 2360 rad using complex, individualized megavoltage techniques including lens shielding. Radiotherapy was well tolerated with no significant acute or late complications. Fifteen patients had complete resolution of symptoms after treatment; five had continued symptoms. Of the 12 patients with malignant lymphoma or atypical lymphoid infiltrate, four had systemic lymphoma with orbital involvement and eight had orbital involvement only. The diagnosis was made by biopsy in all patients and immunophenotyping was done in six cases, of which 5 were monoclonal. Patients were evaluated with a chest radiograph, lymphogram or abdominal CT, bone marrow biopsy and orbital CT. A mean dose of 3625 rad was delivered to the orbit only. Most of the patients received complex megavoltage treatment using bolus. All patients in this group had a complete response and local control. There were no relapses in those with localized disease. Two patients developed cataracts. Carefully planned orbital radiotherapy provides local control without symptomatic sequelae for orbital masses ranging from pseudotumor to malignant lymphoma.
Mineralization of elastin extracted from human aortic tissues.

Elastin was isolated from human aortic tissues by extraction with formic acid. The aortas came from individuals of both sexes with ages ranging from 18 to 67 years. The elastin was treated to remove pre-existing nuclei for hydroxyapatite and mineralizedin vitro by incubation in a solution metastable to hydroxyapatite. The results showed an increased rate of mineralizationin vitro as the age of the individual from whom the aorta was obtained increased. The lag period in mineral formation seen with elastin samples obtained from individuals below the age 40, disappeared with older elastin. Amino-acid analysis of the elastin samples confirmed earlier results by indicating an increase in the more polar amino acids in the older elastin samples. Exposure of the extracted elastin samples to several proteolytic enzymes including elastase confirmed the identity of the material as elastin.
A review of common methods to convert morphine to methadone

When dosed appropriately on carefully chosen patients, methadone can be a very safe and effective choice in managing chronic pain. Many authors have discussed important issues surrounding patient selection, drug interactions, screening for QTc prolongation and monitoring. This article will focus on the dosing dilemma that exists after the patient is deemed an appropriate candidate for methadone and a conversion is necessary from another opioid. Despite many publications dedicated to addressing this challenging topic, there is no consensus on the most appropriate method for converting an opioid regimen to methadone. Given the lack of concrete guidance, clinicians in a community setting are likely to be faced with an increased challenge if there are no available pain specialists to provide clinical support. Common methods for converting morphine to methadone will be reviewed and two clinical patient scenarios used to illustrate the outcomes of applying the methods. Keywords: methadone; opioid rotation; conversion; pain management; equianalgesic (Published: 7 January 2013) Citation: Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives 2012, 2 : 19541 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jchimp.v2i4.19541
Development of selective agonists and antagonists of P2Y receptors.

Although elucidation of the medicinal chemistry of agonists and antagonists of the P2Y receptors has lagged behind that of many other members of group A G protein-coupled receptors, detailed qualitative and quantitative structure–activity relationships (SARs) were recently constructed for several of the subtypes. Agonists selective for P2Y1, P2Y2, and P2Y6 receptors and nucleotide antagonists selective for P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors are now known. Selective nonnucleotide antagonists were reported for P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y6, P2Y11, P2Y12, and P2Y13 receptors. At the P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors, nucleotide agonists (5′-diphosphate derivatives) were converted into antagonists of nanomolar affinity by altering the phosphate moieties, with a focus particularly on the ribose conformation and substitution pattern. Nucleotide analogues with conformationally constrained ribose-like rings were introduced as selective receptor probes for P2Y1 and P2Y6 receptors. Screening chemically diverse compound libraries has begun to yield new lead compounds for the development of P2Y receptor antagonists, such as competitive P2Y12 receptor antagonists with antithrombotic activity. Selective agonists for the P2Y4, P2Y11, and P2Y13 receptors and selective antagonists for P2Y4 and P2Y14 receptors have not yet been identified. The P2Y14 receptor appears to be the most restrictive of the class with respect to modification of the nucleobase, ribose, and phosphate moieties. The continuing process of ligand design for the P2Y receptors will aid in the identification of new clinical targets.
MO-A-I-609-01: The Role of the Physicist in the Planning and Design of Digital Image Management Systems (PACS)

A Digital Image Management System encompasses all information related to Diagnostic or Therapeutic images used in a clinical setting. This includes the order entry process, movement of the order information to a Modality, image acquisition and processing, movement of the image data to an archive, movement of the images and order data to Radiologist and Clinician viewing stations, and reporting the interpretation of the images. Note that a Digital Image Management System includes more than just image storage and viewing inferred by the title Picture Archive and Communication System (PACS). Therefore when a Physicist is asked to consult in planning a PACS they should be thinking about the workflow and data required to produce the final product, i.e. the Radiologist Report with associated images, and so they are actually consulting on the implementation of a Digital Image Management System. The areas that a Physicist should provide information to a site when planning such systems include: 1. Digital image acquisition/modality options for each study, 2. Modality integration and testing, 3. Bandwidth and storage requirements, 4. Radiologist and clinician softcopy viewing requirements, 5. Digital imaging Quality Assessment (QA) protocols The needs in each of these areas relative to planning a Digital Image Management System will be reviewed with suggestions on further educational resources. Educational Objectives: 1. Understand the workflow and Modality requirements in a Digital Image Management System. 2. Understand softcopy reading requirements compared to film based and considering the increasing image size and volume. 3. Consider the QA needs and methodologies with digital imaging systems.
Thermal/Strain History Effects on Creep of Refractory Concrete

The present investigation is a continuation of the study of steady-state creep of refractory concretes. It was conducted to extend the analysis by considering the effects of thermal/strain history during initial heating and during initial creep. The ultimate goal is to improve the understanding of the creep behavior, including the creep mechanism of these materials. This knowledge can be used to develop new materials of this type with specific creep behavior. 21 refs.
Use of sonification in the detection of anomalous events

In this paper, we describe the construction of a soundtrack that fuses stock market data with information taken from tweets. This soundtrack, or auditory display, presents the numerical and text data in such a way that anomalous events may be readily detected, even by untrained listeners. The soundtrack generation is flexible, allowing an individual listener to create a unique audio mix from the available information sources. Properly constructed, the display exploits the auditory system's sensitivities to periodicities, to dynamic changes, and to patterns. This type of display could be valuable in environments that demand high levels of situational awareness based on multiple sources of incoming information.© (2012) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Maternal periconceptional use of electric bed-heating devices and risk for neural tube defects and orofacial clefts.

Electric and magnetic fields are of concern as risk factors for adverse reproductive outcomes, including congenital anomalies. Among residential exposures to electric and magnetic fields, electric bed-heating devices such as electric blankets may be a substantial source of such exposures, and their use is fairly common. Two population-based case-control studies were analyzed to investigate whether the periconceptional use of electric blankets, bed warmers, or electrically heated waterbeds increased the risk of women to deliver infants or fetuses with neural tube defects (NTDs) or orofacial clefts. We obtained information on bed-heating devices from 538 NTD cases and their 539 controls in one study, and 265 NTD cases and 481 controls and 652 orofacial cleft cases and their 734 controls from another study. Our results revealed a few modestly elevated risks of certain anomaly phenotypes with maternal use of certain bed-heating devices, but risks tended to be imprecise. In general, women who reported more frequent use of a bed-heating device, or longer duration of use, did not appear to have a higher risk for delivering offspring with anomalies than were women who reported less frequent or shorter-duration use.
The Emotional World of Children Vis A Vis the Emotional World of Adults: An Examination of Vocal Communication

Abstract The tendency for child and adult listeners to label vocal communications as reflecting an excess of either positive or negative emotion was investigated by using tapes of child and adult speakers. Adult and child subjects were asked to identify which of six emotions each of the speakers was attempting to communicate. It was found that: (a) listeners do not tend to label vocal communications with an excess of either positive or negative emotion; (b) no differences were found between child and adult listeners with regard to the number of positive and negative labels given to vocal communications; and, (c) child and adult speakers do not tend to elicit an excess of positive or negative emotional labels from either child or adult speakers. The significance of this research is discussed.
Functional properties of hemoglobins from deep-sea fish: correlations with depth distribution and presence of a swimbladder

The ligand binding properties of the hemoglobins of several deep-sea, bottom-living fish have been examined. These include five species of rattails (Macrouridae) and Antimora rostrata, all of which possess swimbladders, and two unrelated species without swimbladders, Bathysaurus mollis and Alepocephalus sp. All of the hemolysates of these fish exhibited the Root effect with a minimum ligand affinity at about pH 6 in the presence of organic phosphate. Under these conditions the hemolysates from fish which possess swimbladders exhibit two roughly equal populations of heme groups with markedly different ligand affinities. For the deeper-dwelling species the affinities for carbon monoxide differ by some 500-fold, the low-affinity population having a p50(CO) of 100 mmHg at 15°C. This very low affinity is associated with a second-order rate constant for CO combination of the order of 103 M−1 · s−1. Those species without swimbladders have hemoglobins which do not have such heterogeneous binding sites, suggesting a relationship between these very-low-affinity heme groups and the pumping of oxygen into a swimbladder at high hydrostatic pressures.
Label-Free Cellular Imaging by Broadband Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy

Raman microspectroscopy can provide the chemical contrast needed to characterize the complex intracellular environment and macromolecular organization in cells without exogenous labels. It has shown a remarkable ability to detect chemical changes underlying cell differentiation and pathology-related chemical changes in tissues but has not been widely adopted for imaging, largely due to low signal levels. Broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (B-CARS) offers the same inherent chemical contrast as spontaneous Raman but with increased acquisition rates. To date, however, only spectrally resolved signals from the strong CH-related vibrations have been used for CARS imaging. Here, we obtain Raman spectral images of single cells with a spectral range of 600–3200 cm−1, including signatures from weakly scattering modes as well as CH vibrations. We also show that B-CARS imaging can be used to measure spectral signatures of individual cells at least fivefold faster than spontaneous Raman microspectroscopy and can be used to generate maps of biochemical species in cells. This improved spectral range and signal intensity opens the door for more widespread use of vibrational spectroscopic imaging in biology and clinical diagnostics.
Progesterone to ovariectomized mice enhances cognitive performance in the spontaneous alternation, object recognition, but not placement, water maze, and contextual and cued conditioned fear tasks

Research on how steroid hormones mediate mnemonic processes have focused on effects of 17β-estradiol (E2); yet, progesterone (P4) co-varies with E2 across endogenous hormonal milieu, and itself may influence cognitive processes. We investigated the hypothesis that acute P4 treatment enhances cognitive performance compared to vehicle. Ovariectomized (OVX) c57/BL6J mice were randomly assigned to be subcutaneously injected with oil vehicle or P4 (10 mg/kg). Mice were trained in the spontaneous alternation, object recognition, object placement, water maze, or fear conditioning tasks, and injected with vehicle or P4 before training or immediately post-training, and then were tested 1, 4, or 24 h later. The data obtained from these experiments supported our hypothesis. P4 increased the percentage of spontaneous alterations made in a T-maze more so than did vehicle. P4, compared to vehicle, increased the percentage of time spent exploring the novel object in the object recognition task, but did not alter performance in the object placement task. P4, compared to vehicle, decreased latencies to reach the location in the water maze where the platform had been during training in a probe trial, but did not alter performance in the control, cued trial. Compared to vehicle, P4 treatment increased freezing in contextual and cued fear testing. Thus, acute P4 treatment to OVX mice can improve cognitive performance across a variety of tasks.
Membrane vesicles from newborn rat skeletal muscle retain stereospecific D-glucose transport properties

Abstract A novel procedure has been developed to prepare membrane vesicles from newborn rat skeletal muscle which retain a stereospecific D-glucose transport system characteristic of intact muscle. The glucose transport system found in these rat muscle membrane vesicles exhibits counterflow, inhibition by cytochalasin B and phloridzin, and kinetics consistent with a carrier-mediated process. We conclude that this procedure will allow the rapid preparation of membrane vesicles retaining a stable glucose transport activity essential for eventual purification of the transporter.
The consequences of exposure to developmental, neurological, and respiratory toxins for school performance: a closer look at environmental ascription in East Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Recent research has found that greater toxic air pollution exposure is associated with decreased school performance, even after other socioeconomic and school-level factors have been taken into account. Here, we add nuance to this literature by focusing on those chemicals that adversely affect childhood development, as well as those that cause short- or long-term damage to the nervous and respiratory systems, as these should be more important predictors of poor school performance than, for example, known carcinogens. Using the highly detailed Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators geographic microdata, we are able to isolate known and suspected developmental, neurological, and respiratory toxicants. We find that these pollutants are more negatively correlated with school performance scores than broader measures of pollution. We have previously argued for the theoretical importance of looking at the ascriptive forces of race, class, and place simultaneously, and this assertion is reinforced and refined through this analysis.
HCMV protein LUNA is required for viral reactivation from latently infected primary CD14⁺ cells.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a member of the Herpesviridae family that infects individuals throughout the world. Following an initial lytic stage, HCMV can persist in the individual for life in a non-active (or latent) form. During latency, the virus resides within cells of the myeloid lineage. The mechanisms controlling HCMV latency are not completely understood. A latency associated transcript, UL81-82ast, encoding the protein LUNA (Latency Unique Natural Antigen) was identified from latently infected donors in vivo. To address the role of the UL81-82ast protein product LUNA, in the context of the viral genome, we developed a recombinant HCMV bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) that does not express LUNA. This construct, LUNA knockout FIX virus (FIX-ΔLUNA), was used to evaluate LUNA's role in HCMV latency. The FIX-ΔLUNA virus was able to lytically infect Human Fibroblast (HF) cells, showing that LUNA is not required to establish a lytic infection. Interestingly, we observed significantly higher viral copy numbers in HF cells infected with FIX-ΔLUNA when compared to FIX-WT virus. Furthermore, FIX-WT and FIX-ΔLUNA genomic DNA and transcription of UL81-82ast persisted over time in primary monocytes. In contrast, the levels of UL138 transcript expression in FIX-ΔLUNA infected HF and CD14+ cells was 100 and 1000 fold lower (respectively) when compared to the levels observed for FIX-WT infection. Moreover, FIX-ΔLUNA virus failed to reactivate from infected CD14+ cells following differentiation. This lack of viral reactivation was accompanied by a lack of lytic gene expression, increase in viral copy numbers, and lack of the production of infectious units following differentiation of the cells. Our study suggests that the LUNA protein is involved in regulating HCMV reactivation, and that in the absence of LUNA, HCMV may not be able to enter a proper latent state and therefore cannot be rescued from the established persistent infection in CD14+ cells.
Modeling the heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis in animals.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) manifested with varying clinical course, pathology, and inflammatory patterns. There are multiple animal models that reflect different aspects of this heterogeneity. Collectively, these models reveal a balance between pathogenic and regulatory CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells that influences the incidence, timing, and severity of CNS autoimmunity. In this review we discuss experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models that have been used to study the pathogenic and regulatory roles of these immune cells; models that recapitulate different aspects of the disease seen in patients with MS, and questions remaining for future studies.
Function and subcellular location of Ro52β

Autoantigen Ro52alpha was recently identified as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Its splicing variant Ro52beta, which lacks a leucine zipper, has not been characterized yet. We therefore characterized Ro52beta in contrast to Ro52alpha. Our biochemical assays revealed that both Ro52alpha and Ro52beta function as E3 ubiquitin ligases and self-ubiquitinate in cooperation with UbcH5B in vitro. In addition, both Ro52alpha and Ro52beta are ubiquitinated when overexpressed with ubiquitin in HEK293T cells, suggesting that both function as E3 ligases and self-ubiquitinate in vivo. However, cytological studies revealed that Ro52alpha mainly localizes to the cytoplasmic rod-like structures, whereas Ro52beta diffusely localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Since the leucine zipper plays a role in the homodimerization and heterodimerization of Ro52alpha, the dimerization might be required for the localization of Ro52alpha to the rod-like structures. On the basis of these results, Ro52alpha and Ro52beta appear to ubiquitinate their particular substrates at different locations.
Recognition of the Neural Chemoattractant Netrin-1 by Integrins α6β4 and α3β1 Regulates Epithelial Cell Adhesion and Migration

Netrins, axon guidance cues in the CNS, have also been detected in epithelial tissues. In this study, using the embryonic pancreas as a model system, we show that Netrin-1 is expressed in a discrete population of epithelial cells, localizes to basal membranes, and specifically associates with elements of the extracellular matrix. We demonstrate that alpha6beta4 integrin mediates pancreatic epithelial cell adhesion to Netrin-1, whereas recruitment of alpha6beta4 and alpha3beta1 regulate the migration of CK19+/PDX1+ putative pancreatic progenitors on Netrin-1. These results provide evidence for the activation of epithelial cell adhesion and migration by a neural chemoattractant, and identify Netrin-1/integrin interactions as adhesive/guidance cues for epithelial cells.
Partitioning of Food and Niche Characteristics of Coexisting Accipiter During Breeding

Etude de l'abondance des ressources et de leur utilisation par Accipiter striatus et A. cooperii dans deux zones de l'Oregon de 1969 a 1974
Mechanisms of TCGF production by cloned T-cell lines: characterization of producer lymphoma lines and kinetics of production.

Abstract The activation requirements and kinetics of production of T-cell growth factor are described for a stable, cloned T-lymphoma line, EL4-G-12. The line yields a product which has the biochemical and biological attributes of TCGF of normal cell origin examined thus far. Production is dependent upon a transmembrane signal which can be provided by known T-cell-activating lectins, and by antibody to a specific ligand on the Thy-1 molecule, if accessory cells or factors are provided. Production is rapid, beginning within 4 hr, and ceasing between 12 and 18 hr depending upon cell density, signal intensity, and culture conditions. DNA synthesis ceases as production begins, and release is not a result of cell death. It has not yet been determined whether rapid synthesis de novo, or activation and release of an inactive hormone precursor explains the production kinetics observed.
Small-scale event sport tourism: fans as tourists

Abstract College sports events have the potential to increase city revenue and community spirit, while increasing traveler's awareness of the local community. This two-part study focuses on the tourism-related behaviors of fans who follow the University of Florida (USA) football team (the Gators). In the fall of 1999, 181 Gator fans were surveyed. Descriptive statistics illustrated that Sport Excursionists and Sport Tourists spent money on food and shopping while attending games, but their main motivation was to see the game. In the fall of 2000, 20 Gator fans took part in follow-up face-to-face interviews. Three themes emerged from the data about their travel-related behaviors when attending football games: (a) being a fan; (b) pilgrimages to the mecca of Gator football; and (c) on the road with the team. Further analysis of the results revealed that Gator fans are more likely to engage in traditional tourist behaviors while attending away games. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the tourism benefits for small communities may lie in leveraging the events to the visiting team's fans.
Expanding Budgets via Strategic Use of Leasing

Abstract An examination of the budgets of forensic laboratories reveals an unused or underused tool at the disposal of forensic laboratories. Equipment leasing offers an opportunity for a unilateral increase in the purchasing power of existing laboratory budgets and an immediate response to austerity measures. Rather than react to budget tightening with reductions in force, shared furloughs, or the forfeiture of unfilled positions, a laboratory director can forestall such measures and even see an effective increase in disposable income through a planned use of operating leases. If a public laboratory makes an equipment purchase, the cost to the laboratory will be the full list price from the equipment supplier. However, when a private laboratory makes the same equipment purchase, it pays the supplier the full list price, but is able to deduct the expense from its income when it calculates its corporate income tax and ends up with a final expense, net of taxes, that is considerably less than the cost to th...
Spousal dementia caregiving in the context of late-life remarriage

Increasing numbers of older couples entering late-life remarriage will face dementia and spousal caregiving. This qualitative study, informed by grounded theory methods, is a first to explore spous...
A singular condition in linear adaptive control theory

In a recent paper (Johnson 1985) the theory of disturbance-accommodating control was used to derive a new family of adaptive controllers. A critical step in the derivation presented by Johnson (1985) involves the assumption that certain higher-order perturbation terms are negligible with respect to terms that are linear in the perturbations. In the present paper the validity of that approximation is investigated and the special (singular) condition under which the assumption fails is identified and characterized in terms of a new observability-like determinant.