cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A reduced-order analytical solution to mobile robot trajectory generation in the presence of moving obstacles

This paper addresses the problem of determining a collision-free path for a mobile robot moving in a dynamically changing environment. By explicitly considering kinematic, model of the robot, the family of feasible trajectories and their corresponding steering controls are derived in a closed form. Then, a new collision avoidance condition is developed for the dynamically changing environment, it consists of a time criterion and a geometrical criterion, and it has explicit physical meanings in both the transformed space and the original working space. By imposing the avoidance condition, one can determine the corresponding steering angle for collision avoidance in a closed form. Such a path meets all boundary conditions, is continuous, and can be updated in real time once a change in the environment is detected. Simulations show that the proposed method is effective.
Central nervous system superficial siderosis following spinal surgery

Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system is a rare progressive disease associated with hemosiderin deposition on the leptomeninges of the neuraxis. In addition to tumors and vascular lesions, dural sleeve pseudomeningoceles caused by brachial plexus avulsion injury may be the bleeding source in this disease. The authors describe a patient who underwent anterior cervical spine surgery for spinal cord compression due to the ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament. The operation was complicated by a dural tear and subsequent psedomeningocele formation. Nine years later, this patient developed superficial siderosis. The possible mechanisms involved in the development of superficial siderosis in this patient will be discussed.
Mobilization of fatty acids in genetically obese rats

The mobilization of fatty acids has been studied in genetically obese rats of the Zucker strain and in control obese animals with bilateral destructive lesions in the hypothalamus. The body weight and size of adipose cells did not differ significantly between the genetically obese rats and the obese controls. Weight loss in control and genetically obese rats was identical during a 1 month fast. The release of glycerol and the rise in free fatty acids in adipose tissue incubated in vitro were similar in tissue from genetic and hypothalamic obese rats. Epinephrine, theophylline, and dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate all augmented lipolysis, and the effects were usually greater in the tissues from genetically obese rats.
MODERNISMS ENDLESS: IRONIES OF THE AMERICAN MID-CENTURY

Mid-twentieth century American intellectual history is in the midst of a boom; a younger generation of historians, now half a century distant from the era, and less inclined than their immediate forerunners to be committed to a vision of the 1960s as a critical turning point in modern culture, is reshaping what has been an underdeveloped field. Recent studies of thinkers such as C. Wright Mills, Ayn Rand, Lionel Trilling, and Whitaker Chambers, and subjects such as postcapitalist social thought and pollsters in mass society, to name a few, have regenerated interest in an arena that had once been dominated by studies of the New York Intellectuals and Richard Pells's useful summaries and evaluations of prominent intellectuals of the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. The newer intellectual history of this period appears to be premised on several ideas: that the so-called “liberal consensus” of the era was an ideological product of liberalism itself, rather than an adequate description of the contours of thought; that thinking in terms of clear and sharp distinctions between right and left doesn't help us understand the ways in which ideas, sensibilities, and intellectual commitments were configured at mid-century; that there is a great deal more continuity in social, political, and cultural thought than an image of the 1960s as cultural watershed would allow; and that the mid-century decades are, in the most profound sense, the first years of our own time, with all the characteristic epistemic, moral, and critical problems that have characterized thought and culture in the world in which contemporary Americans live. What the Progressive Era was for mid-century historians and intellectuals such as Richard Hofstadter and Henry May, the mid-century, and particularly the early Cold War era of the late 1940s and 1950s, is, for the historian of today, the root of the destabilizing conundrums of modernity, particularly the puzzle of the role of critical intellect in a mass-mediated environment of socialized knowledge, feeling, and being.
Integrating Social Justice Advocacy with National Standards of Practice: Implications for School Counselor Education

Social justice in the education of all K-12 students begins with school counselors; preparing school counselors as advocates and leaders who can implement these principles in U.S. schools begins with counselor educators. Suggestions for intentional preparation of school counselors to be social justice advocates in schools by integrating the principles of the National Center for Transforming School Counseling with the American School Counselor Association National Model for School Counseling Programs (2005) and the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs 2009 Standards are described. Ideas for educating school counselors as effective advocates in the context of specific training experiences throughout counselor training programs are provided.
Miscommunication in International Virtual Workplaces: A Report on a Multicase Study

What factors seem to cause miscommunication in international virtual workplaces? The research reported here seeks to respond to this question with a multicase study of 22 employees from three different types of international organizations. Interview data indicate that participants in this study emphasized the practical, day-to-day challenges of virtual workplaces; few of them had given thought to broader theories that might account for challenges-theories that are often presented in the literature of computer-mediated communication (CMC). In addition, participants in this study emphasized different factors than did CMC literature as most significant to causing miscommunication in international virtual workplaces.
Nephrotic Syndrome Associated with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Complete Remission with Chemotherapy

The nephrotic syndrome (NS) in childhood is usually idiopathic with minimal change on renal histopathology, but can be secondary to other conditions. A case of NS associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which went into complete re mission with appropriate chemotherapy is presented.
Association of complement inhibitors with connective tissue matrix in atherosclerotic lesions.

To the Editor: We read with great interest the article by Oksjoki et al1 regarding association between complement Factor H and proteoglycans in early human coronary atherosclerotic lesions. We would like to add several comments to this recently published article. Several studies have demonstrated the presence of terminal complement complex C5b-9 in human atherosclerotic arteries.2–4⇓⇓ Quantitative determination in the human aorta by ELISA showed that C5b-9 levels were highest in intimal thickening and with detectable levels in both normal and fatty streaks intima.5 Our …
CaCo-2 Cells Treated with Clostridium perfringensEnterotoxin Form Multiple Large Complex Species, One of Which Contains the Tight Junction Protein Occludin

The previous model for the action ofClostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) proposed that (i) CPE binds to host cell receptor(s), forming a small (∼90 kDa) complex, (ii) the small complex interacts with other eucaryotic protein(s), forming a large (∼160 kDa) complex, and (iii) the large complex triggers massive permeability changes, thereby inducing enterocyte death. In the current study, Western immunoblot analysis demonstrated that CPE bound to CaCo-2 human intestinal cells at 37 °C forms multiple large complex species, with apparent sizes of ∼200, ∼155, and ∼135 kDa. These immunoblot experiments also revealed that occludin, an ∼65-kDa tight junction protein, is present in the ∼200-kDa large complex but absent from the other large complex species. Immunoprecipitation studies confirmed that occludin physically associates with CPE in large complex material and also indicated that occludin is absent from small complex. These results strongly suggest that occludin becomes associated with CPE during formation of the ∼200-kDa large complex. A postbinding association between CPE and occludin is consistent with the failure of rat fibroblast transfectants expressing occludin to bind CPE in the current study. Those occludin transfectants were also insensitive to CPE, strongly suggesting that occludin expression is not sufficient to confer CPE sensitivity. However, the occludin-containing, ∼200-kDa large complex may contribute to CPE-induced cytotoxicity, because nontoxic CPE point mutants did not form any large complex species. By showing that large complex material is comprised of several species (one containing occludin), the current studies indicate that CPE action is more complicated than previously appreciated and also provide additional evidence for CPE interactions with tight junction proteins, which could be important for CPE-induced pathophysiology.
No fun: Aporias of pleasure in Adorno's aesthetic theory

“Fun” functions as at once cipher and overdetermined signifier in Adorno's writings. Clearly of the enemy camp, the term variously encompasses kitsch and “culinary” art, commodity fetishism, fascist ideologies, historical amnesia, and the general tawdriness and tackiness of Southern California in the 1950s. But “fun” is also closely allied with the play (and perhaps also the pleasure) “without which there is no more possibility of art than of theory” (Aesthetic Theory 38). These and similar ambiguities offer the possibility for reexamining, and even recuperating, the importance of fun in Adorno's own aesthetics. This essay first examines the at times contradictory significations of “fun” and its associated terms in Aesthetic Theory and other works. Second, it asks what “fun” art might actually mean in terms of Adorno's theories, focusing in particular on the question of the art-cognizing subject and the status of “fun” as both the anathema and the inevitability of aesthetics.
Photographic granularity : mathematical formulation and effect of impenetrability of grains

We develop a new and general formula for the granularity of a wide class of anisotropic media (for apertures of arbitrary shape) that exactly accounts for the microstructure. Using this formula, we compute for the first time to our knowledge, the granularity of a two-dimensional distribution of impenetrable, opaque circular disks for a wide range of densities and aperture sizes. These results are compared with the much-investigated, random-dot model. The effect of impenetrability of the grains for a fixed aperture area is to reduce the granularity relative to that of the random-dot model, especially at high densities.
Instruments Used in Roy Adaptation Model-Based Research Review, Critique, and Future Directions

The purpose of this secondary analysis is to identify and critique the instruments most frequently used to measure concepts of the Roy adaptation model. Of the 123 instruments used in 231 studies over 30 years, 20 instruments met the criteria for secondary analysis. Based on established criteria, 14 were judged to have high usefulness, three have moderate usefulness, one has limited usefulness, and two are not recommended for use with the model. Recommendations include locating and developing instruments in key content areas including adaptation in groups, and particularly developing measurement strategies consistent with the philosophical assumptions of the model and multiple ways of knowing.
Numerical noise model for the AlGaN/GaN HEMT

A numerical approach to simulate the intrinsic noise sources within transistors is described. Using a 2D numerical device solver, spectral densities for the gate and drain noise current sources and their correlation are evaluated using a Green's function approach, an equivalent of Shockley's impedance field method. Case studies with AlGaN/GaN HEMTs compare the numerical simulation results to those from measurements, showing good agreement.
In vivo microbial antigen discovery: finding the 'needle in the haystack'.

Diagnosis of an acute infection can be accomplished by identifying microbial antigens directly from patient samples. Such methods are usually rapid and result in the timely administration of effect...
Iterative design of emetine-based prodrug targeting fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV DPPIV using a tandem enzymatic activation strategy.

BACKGROUND There is an urgent need to develop new agents for treating metastatic prostate cancer to overcome multiple drug resistance to the current standard targeted cancer therapy. Emetine is a highly cytotoxic natural product protein synthesis inhibitor, which is toxic to all cell types. Its cytotoxicity can be blocked by derivatizing its N-2′ position. Thus emetine can be selectively delivered to cancer cells in the region of metastatic cancer as a prodrug that will be activated by an enzyme selectively overexpressed within the metastatic tumor microenvironment. In this work, we convert emetine to a prodrug activatable by the fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a serine protease overexpressed by the carcinoma associated fibroblasts. METHOD By using an iterative structure-activity relationship strategy, several peptidyl emetine prodrug analogs (1–11) were synthesized by chemical derivatization of emetine at its N-2′ position and tested for in-vitro activation by FAP. The lead prodrug 11 is made up of a DPPIV activatable prodrug precursor 10 (Ala-Pro-PABC-Emetine) coupled to FAP substrate (Ala-Ser-Gly-Pro-Ala-Gly-Pro). Activation assays of the prodrugs were performed in purified FAP, DPPIV, FBS, and human serum and were analyzed by LCMS. In vitro cytotoxicity assays of these prodrugs are carried out in prostate (LNCaP, PC3) and breast (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) cancer cell lines. The prodrugs are also tested in normal immortalized human prostatic epithelial cell line (PrEC). RESULTS The lead FAP activated emetine prodrug 11 is activated to emetine in tandem by FAP and DPPIV in about 70% conversion within 24 hr. In prostate and breast cancer cell lines treated with prodrug 11, it is found to be equipotent with emetine in the presence of FAP and DPPIV. However, in the PrEC cell line grown in serum free media, prodrug 11 is more than 200-fold less cytotoxic than emetine in the absence of FAP and DPPIV. CONCLUSION This FAP activated prodrug of cytotoxic agent emetine further shows the crucial role of the N-2′ position of emetine in controlling its cytotoxicity. Significantly reduced toxicity observed in the PrEC cell line in the absence of FAP and DPPIV shows that prodrug 11 could be systemically delivered to regions of metastatic prostate cancer or other solid tumor for activation by cancer selective enzymes within the cancer microenvironment, such as FAP that is overexpressed by the carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. The two-step tandem enzymatic activation of prodrug 11 by FAP and DPPIV is a strategy for overcoming steric hindrance. Prostate 76:703–714, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
104. Akutes Abdomen —Entscheidungshilfen durch Ultraschalldiagnostik

Die Entwicklung transportabler Ultraschallgerate ermoglicht die risikofreie und zeitsparend ≫bedside≪ durchfuhrbare Untersuchung schwer und akut Kranker. Als Ursachen eines akuten Abdomens konnen dabei z. B. Erkrankungen der Gallenblase, eine akute (nekrotisierende) Pankreatitis, sowie Abscesse und Hamatome aufgedeckt werden. Die ultraschallgezielte percutane Punktion ermoglicht die weitere Differenzierung zwischen sterilen und infizierten Flussigkeitsansammlungen. Ein akutes Abdomen wahrend der Schwangerschaft bedeutet immer eine Indikation fur die Sonographie.
Double-Regge-Pole Analysis of the Reaction K − p → K * 0 ( 890 ) π − p at 7.3 GeV c

We apply the double-Regge-pole model to the final state ${K}^{*0}(890){\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p$. Reasonable fits to the data are obtained by using the matrix element corresponding to exchange of the pion and Pomeranchukon trajectory.
Beware the Data Diddlers

Valid conclusions about the health consequences of various pollutants and nuclear radiation rest upon databases that can be trusted. If a database is compromised--either from careless work of intentional bias--innocent analysts of the data will fill medical journals and textbooks with dangerous misinformation. The author of this article questions how the degree of risk from hazardous materials can be properly assessed when the governments that have released the poisons are also the primary sponsors of the health research on these substances. He proposes that independent [open quotes]watchdog authorities[close quotes] be established to monitor the work of those who may have vested interests in understanding the health risks that may be attributed to nuclear radiation. This article describes the construction with the databases and the problems that be be encountered in setting up watchdog authorities that are much needed, but are not currently in place.
Genetic Improvement of Common Green Lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): Selection for Carbaryl Resistance

First instars of common green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), were selected in the laboratory for resistance to carbaryl. After four selections with carbaryl, mortality of larvae decreased from 98% to between 10 and 20% at concentrations well above field rates. Adults of the resistant strain showed significantly greater survival than those of the unselected strain, but still succumbed to rates of carbaryl commonly used in the field. Genetic analyses demonstrated that the resistance does not fit a model of a single completely dominant gene. Tests using the oxidase inhibitor piperonyl butoxide and the esterase inhibitor phenyl saligenin cyclic phosphonate suggest that both oxidase and esterase enzymes contribute to the resistance. No significant cross-resistance to the carbamates propoxur, methomyl, and carbofuran was found. When reared in absence of carbaryl, the carbaryl-resistant strain exhibited lower larval and pupal survival and produced fewer females than the colony from which it was derived. However, its fecundity was significantly higher and adult longevity slightly higher, which compensated in part for reduced survival of immature stages.
Fracture callus associated with benign and malignant bone lesions and mimicking osteosarcoma.

Reparative callus associated with ordinary fractures causes no problem to the pathologist and orthopedic surgeon, but fracture callus superimposed on benign and malignant bone lesions may cause considerable diagnostic difficulty to the surgeon, radiologist, and pathologist alike. Misinterpretation of this callus as osteosarcoma may lead to an unjustified amputation. We feel that this has not received adequate documentation in the literature, and we have thus presented some representative cases which help to clarify this problem. These include three benign lesions of bone and one metastatic lesion to bone. In three cases, fracture callus complicating the underlying disease process was sufficiently disturbing to cause the pathologist to seek other opinions, and in one case an amputation for metastatic disease was performed. The careful correlation of all available clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of each case at the time of study of the biopsy was found to be the most important factor in preventing diagnostic errors.
Biodistribution of Indium-III Dihematoporphyrin Ether in Papillomas and Body Tissues and its Relevance to Photodynamic Therapy

Hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) and its newly purified form, dihematoporphyrin ether (DUE) have been shown to selectively localize in malignant tissues and virally induced papillomas (Sliikowitz et.al.). Its use as a probe to distinguish tumors from normal tissues has been largely based on its fluorescence when activated by ultraviolet light. These findings are largely subjective, and a direct correlation to its use as a photosensitizing agent to selectively kill transformed cells when activated by an appropriate wavelength of tight (630 nm) could not be made. We labeled DUE with Indium-Ill and tracked its biodistribution through CRPV induced papillomas and normal body tissues.
Access to Archives and Privacy: The Twenty-third International Archival Round Table Conference Proceedings

"Access and privacy may seem to be contradictions. But, as in modern quantum physics phenomena which formerly looked contradictory are matched, the archivist's task is to find the proper balance between the interests of the State, the right to privacy oi the individual, and the right to know oi Society." So stated Eric Ketelaar, secretary of the International Council on Archives, during the ICA's twenty-third conference, held in Austin, Texas, on 2528 October 1985. The Proceedings of the Twenty-Third International Archival Round Table Conference: Access to Archives and Privacy, published in both English and French, provide a thought-provoking introduction to the ways in which different nations have been grappling with the access/ privacy conundrum.1
The Significant Other: A Longitudinal Analysis of Significant Samples in Journalism Research, 2000–2014

This study examined the methodology journalism scholars use when studying significant samples, or “those persons who have attained an unusually pervasive and lasting reputation, regardless of whether that reputation be great or small.” Using Simonton’s work as the theoretical guide, the study content analyzed a census of articles published in 10 major journalism journals from 2000 to 2014. Results showed that the typical study examining significant samples is psychometric and is also quantitative, nomothetic, longitudinal, singularly focused, and exploratory. In addition, it uses macro units and observes the subject indirectly. The study also found similarities between the study of significant samples and extant work in terms of the preponderance of quantitative methods and the use of content analysis as a data collection method. The ramifications are discussed.
Russian Empires Old and New

We are now poised to examine the last of the four major empires whose past has helped create present-day America and whose fate might yet help us shape the America to come. We have looked at Rome, whose classical architecture is replicated in so many of the public buildings of contemporary Washington, DC, and whose fate prefigured that of so many of the empires to follow. We have looked at imperial Spain, without whose rise America would not exist in its contemporary form and from whose fall the new United States acquired territory that we now think of as quint-essentially American. We have looked at the British Empire from which the young United States successfully broke away and from which a more mature America took up the reins of global leadership as that empire waned. It is now time to look at both tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union-at an empire that unexpectedly came twice-from the first of which at its peak the United States bought Alaska, and from the second of which, at its fall, modern America acquired temporary total global dominance.1 Since “Russia is by some measures the most successful imperial enterprise in history, surpassed in size only by the British and Mongol empires” and “far more durable than either one,”2 there are likely to be lessons for contemporary America from the emergence and demise of both these Russian empires. These are lessons to which we now need to turn.
A novel Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) MOSFET for ultra low voltage operation

To extend the lower bound of power supply voltage, we propose a variable threshold voltage MOSFET (VTMOS) built on silicon-on-insulator (SOI). Threshold voltage of VTMOS drops as gate voltage is raised, resulting in a much higher current drive than regular MOSEET, at low Vdd. On the other hand, V/sub t/ is high at V/sub gs/=O, thus the leakage current is low. The SOI devices used in the study were built on SIMOX wafers. A four terminal layout was used to provide separate source, drain, gate, and body contacts.
Patient Safety Considerations for Combined PET/MR Imaging

Standalone PET systems have ceased to be commercially available and have systematically been replaced by hybrid PET/CT systems. Combining functional PET information with the CT-guided localization of tumor lesions has made PET/CT the modality of choice for a vast majority of oncological indications. In addition, the CT data can be used to correct the PET data for attenuation effects. Meanwhile, new advances in PET detector hardware have led to integrated clinical PET/MRI systems allowing simultaneous acquisition of both PET and MR data. APD-based (Avalanche Photon Diode) or SiPM-based (Silicon Photon Multipliers) PET detectors are MR compatible and minimize the interference between the PET and MR components. Hybrid PET/MRI systems are currently being introduced to the market with an install base that is constantly growing. In terms of patient safety, both the PET and MR imaging component of these hybrid systems need to be considered. This chapter gives on overview of patient safety issues related to PET imaging and the ionizing radiation of the administered PET tracer and the safety considerations for MR imaging, essentially related to the corresponding nonionizing radiation.
Dust Ablation on the Giant Planets: Consequences for Stratospheric Photochemistry.

Abstract Ablation of interplanetary dust supplies oxygen to the upper atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Using recent dynamical model predictions for the dust influx rates to the giant planets (Poppe et al., 2016), we calculate the ablation profiles and investigate the subsequent coupled oxygen–hydrocarbon neutral photochemistry in the stratospheres of these planets. We find that dust grains from the Edgeworth–Kuiper Belt, Jupiter-family comets, and Oort-cloud comets supply an effective oxygen influx rate of 1.0 − 0.7 + 2.2 × 10 7 O atoms cm − 2 − 1 to Jupiter, 7.4 − 5.1 + 16 × 10 4 cm − 2 s − 1 to Saturn, 8.9 − 6.1 + 19 × 10 4 cm − 2 s − 1 to Uranus, and 7.5 − 5.1 + 16 × 10 5 cm − 2 s − 1 to Neptune. The fate of the ablated oxygen depends in part on the molecular/atomic form of the initially delivered products, and on the altitude at which it was deposited. The dominant stratospheric products are CO, H2O, and CO2, which are relatively stable photochemically. Model-data comparisons suggest that interplanetary dust grains deliver an important component of the external oxygen to Jupiter and Uranus but fall far short of the amount needed to explain the CO abundance currently seen in the middle stratospheres of Saturn and Neptune. Our results are consistent with the theory that all of the giant planets have experienced large cometary impacts within the last few hundred years. Our results also suggest that the low background H2O abundance in Jupiter’s stratosphere is indicative of effective conversion of meteoric oxygen to CO during or immediately after the ablation process — photochemistry alone cannot efficiently convert the H2O into CO on the giant planets.
Engagements, 1976–1997: History of a Misunderstanding

This chapter initiates a conversation between Deleuze and Badiou concerning multiplicity in three periods. The first (1976–1977) is political, seating multiplicity in a revised doctrine of materialism; it is initiated with Deleuze and Guattari’s “Rhizome—Introduction” (1976) and addresses Badiou’s “The Fascism of the Potato,” penned as Georges Peyrol. The terms of my analysis—multiplicity as structure and attendant procedures for producing any one—emerge in this period. The second period is conceptual, concerning Badiou’s mature ontological system in Being and Event ([1988] 2005) and its brief address by Deleuze and Guattari in “Example 12” of What is Philosophy? (1991). The third (and the one with which readers are perhaps most familiar) is martial, in which Badiou develops the antagonistic arguments in Deleuze: The Clamor of Being and claims that Deleuze is a philosopher of the One and not of multiplicity. Badiou’s criticism concerns the structure of Deleuze’s multiplicity and is the notion with which I open Chapter 3.
Clinical analysis of speculum-based vaginal packing for high-dose-rate intracavitary tandem and ovoid brachytherapy in cervical cancer.

Purpose Intra-vaginal packing is used to fix the applicator and displace organs at risk (OAR) during high-dose-rate intracavitary tandem and ovoid brachytherapy (HDR-ICB). We retain the speculum from applicator placement as a dual-function bladder and rectum retractor during treatment. Our objective is to review salient techniques for OAR displacement, share our packing technique, and determine the reduction in dose to OAR and inter-fraction variability of dose to OAR, associated with speculum-based vaginal packing (SBVP) in comparison to conventional gauze packing during HDR-ICB. Material and methods We reviewed HDR-ICB treatment plans for 45 patients, including 10 who underwent both conventional gauze packing and SBVP. Due to institutional inter-provider practice differences, patients non-selectively received either packing procedure. Packing was performed under conscious sedation, followed by cone beam computed tomography used for dosimetric planning. Maximum absolute and percent-of-prescription dose to the International Commission of Radiation Units bladder and rectal points in addition to D0.1cc, D1.0cc, and D2.0cc volumes of the bladder and rectum were analyzed and compared for each packing method using an independent sample t-test. Results Of the 179 fractions included, 73% and 27% used SBVP and gauze packing, respectively. For patients prescribed 6 Gy to point A, SBVP was associated with reduced mean D0.1cc bladder dose, inter-fraction variability in D0.1cc bladder dose by 9.3% (p = 0.026) and 9.0%, respectively, and statistically equivalent rectal D0.1cc, D1.0cc, and D2.0cc. Patients prescribed 5.5 Gy or 5 Gy to point A after dose optimization, were less likely to benefit from SBVP. In the intra-patient comparison, 80% of patients had reduction in at least one rectum or bladder parameter. Conclusions In patients with conducive anatomy, SBVP is a cost-efficient packing method that is associated with improved bladder sparing and comparable rectal sparing relative to gauze packing during HDR-ICB without general anesthesia.
APPLICATION OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY IN THE STUDY OF BIOLOGICALLY REACTIVE INTERMEDIATES

The toxicity of most xenobiotics is associated with their enzymatic conversion to toxic metabolites, a process termed bioactivation. Although stable, but toxic, metabolites may be formed, as in the biotransformation of dichloromethane to carbon monoxide, most bioactivation reactions afford electrophilic, reactive intermediates. The reactivity of these intermediates usually prevents their direct observation and characterization. Hence strategies that permit the experimentalist to gain insight into the formation and fate of reactive intermediates is of much value in understanding bioactivation reactions. The objective of this review is to point out the utility of computational chemistry in studying the formation and fate of toxic metabolites.
Non-Recursive Linear Algorithms for Optical Imaging in Diffusive Media

Optical imaging has been used to image phantoms, animals, and humans. It offers the potential for the production of functional images of tissues, such as oxygenation of brain during stroke. Fast algorithms are needed to allow diagnostically useful images to be generated under realistic conditions, including the likelihood that transmission geometries will not be possible. We proposed a linear algorithm, while less than ideal, may allow rapid reconstruction of images and avoid the pitfalls of recursive, nonlinear solutions. Such techniques may also facilitate the use of varied but physiologic imaging geometries. We found that linear backprojection tomography is feasible for clinical use. Conversion of the present mechanically scanning device to a clinical scanner should be possible with retention of the current processing algorithms. Such a clinical scanner should ultimately be able to generate images in less than one minute with centimeter resolution at the center of living human brain.
YourDigitalSelf: A Personal Digital Trace Integration Tool

Personal information is typically fragmented across multiple, heterogeneous, distributed sources and saved as small, heterogeneous data objects, or traces. The DigitalSelf project at Rutgers University focuses on developing tools and techniques to manage (organize, search, summarize, make inferences on and personalize) such heterogeneous collections of personal digital traces. We propose to demonstrate YourDigitalSelf, a mobile phone-based personal information organization application developed as part of the DigitalSelf project. The demonstration will use a sample user data set to show how several disparate data traces can be integrated and combined to create personal narratives, or coherent episodes, of the user's activities. Conference attendees will be given the option to install YourDigitalSelf on their own devices to interact with their own data.
Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensor Based on PDMS Substrate and Ga–In Liquid Metal

A novel flexible pressure sensor, based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) liquid metal, was developed for detecting various applied pressures. The sensor was fabricated with PDMS polymer-based electrode channels that are filled with EGaIn liquid metal. The liquid metal-based electrodes were designed to form four capacitors (C1, C2, C3, and C4). Conventional printed circuit board technology was used to manufacture the master mold to form the PDMS-based electrode channels. Corona discharge treatment was employed to bond the PDMS layers at room temperature, under atmospheric pressure. The capability of the fabricated pressure sensor was demonstrated by investigating the capacitive-based response of the device for varying applied pressures. Average capacitance changes ranging from 2.3% to 12.0%, 2.6% to 11.8%, 2.5% to 12.2%, and 2.7% to 13.1% when compared with the based capacitance of 14.1, 15.1, 13.8, and 13.3 pF were obtained for C1, C2, C3, and C4, respectively, for applied pressures ranging from 0.25 to 1.10 MPa. A linear relationship was obtained for the average capacitance change with a sensitivity of 0.11%/MPa and a correlation coefficient of 0.9975. The results obtained thus demonstrate the feasibility of employing liquid metal-based electrodes for the fabrication of flexible pressure sensing devices.
Enhancing hot electron generation and injection in the near infrared via rational design and controlled synthesis of TiO2–gold nanostructures

Plasmonic nanostructure/semiconductor composites are receiving great interest as powerful photocatalytic platforms able to increase solar energy conversion efficiency compared to more traditional approaches. The possibility to grow a thin titania shell onto the gold nanoparticle, thus substantially increasing the metal–semiconductor area of contact, is expected to be ideal for photocatalytic water reduction, especially if the titania (TiO2) coating displays limited thickness and high crystallinity. We argue however that the morphology of the underlying gold nanoparticle and the quality of the interface are the main drivers of photocatalytic performance. Herein, we show how we can synthesize TiO2-coated gold nanostar- and gold nanorod-based photocatalysts and identify the most important design parameters that one should be focusing on for the optimization of hot electron-based photocatalysts. In addition to nanoparticle morphology and interface quality, we determine that the integrated absorptivity of the plasmon band and the uniformity and crystallinity of the semiconductor shell are important, even though to a lesser extent. These results may prove interesting not only to increase production rates in hydrogen evolution reactions or other chemical conversions, but also to decouple and understand additional mechanisms driving photocatalysis, other than the sequential, hot electron mediated one, as we reported before.
LPCD framework: Analytical tool or psychological model?

The target article uses a mathematical framework derived from Bayesian decision making to demonstrate suboptimal decision making but then attributes psychological reality to the framework components. Rahnev & Denison's (R&D) positive proposal thus risks ignoring plausible psychological theories that could implement complex perceptual decision making. We must be careful not to slide from success with an analytical tool to the reality of the tool components.
The Effects of Incomplete Rating Designs in Combination With Rater Effects

© 2019 by the National Council on Measurement in Education Researchers have explored a variety of topics related to identifying and distinguishing among specific types of rater effects, as well as the implications of different types of incomplete data collection designs for rater-mediated assessments. In this study, we used simulated data to examine the sensitivity of latent trait model indicators of three rater effects (leniency, central tendency, and severity) in combination with different types of incomplete rating designs (systematic links, anchor performances, and spiral). We used the rating scale model and the partial credit model to calculate rater location estimates, standard errors of rater estimates, model–data fit statistics, and the standard deviation of rating scale category thresholds as indicators of rater effects and we explored the sensitivity of these indicators to rater effects under different conditions. Our results suggest that it is possible to detect rater effects when each of the three types of rating designs is used. However, there are differences in the sensitivity of each indicator related to type of rater effect, type of rating design, and the overall proportion of effect raters. We discuss implications for research and practice related to rater-mediated assessments.
Evidence-Based Perioperative Protocol for Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infection Reduction at a Single Institution.

Objective Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections are common and result in significant morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditure. The objective of this study was to create an evidence-based perioperative shunt infection prevention protocol and analyze its efficacy by comparing the incidence of shunt infection before and after implementation at one institution. Methods A perioperative ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery protocol was developed based on a systematic literature review with the goal of reducing infection rates. Patients undergoing shunt surgery at Upstate Medical University Hospital, from before and after implantation of the perioperative shunt surgery protocol, were retrospectively analyzed and compared. Retrospective data collection included shunt infection incidence as a primary outcome and clinical features of patients from both cohorts. Results The pre-protocol and post-protocol cohorts included 226 and 285 patients, respectively. Twenty (8.8%) pre-protocol shunt infections and 16 (5.6%) post-protocol shunt infections were identified (P = 0.156). The relative risk of shunt infection between cohorts was 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.92–1.02). Conclusions Although shunt infection rates pre-protocol and post-protocol were not significantly different, a trend toward fewer shunt infections was observed with protocol implementation. Suboptimal compliance at our institution may have limited accurate assessment of protocol efficacy. Similar future studies may benefit from objectively assessing protocol compliance.
Transgressive segregation and maternal genetic effects of non–target site fluazifop-P-butyl tolerance in Zoysia spp.

Zoysia germplasm exhibit different levels of sensitivity to fluazifop-P-butyl, but the genetic factors responsible for such differences are unknown. Segregation patterns of the fluazifop-P-butyl tolerance trait were studied under greenhouse conditions. In total, 244 F1 lines were generated from multiple crosses between the tolerant line 5337-2 (non–target site tolerance) and three more-sensitive lines (123, 252, and 5330-23). Progeny segregation showed that fluazifop-P-butyl tolerance within zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) is expressed as a quantitative trait with a wide range of intermediate phenotypes between parental phenotypes. Transgressive segregation was extensive and largely favored susceptibility in most families, but was especially evident for 5337-2 × 123 and 5337-2 × 5330-23. The segregation patterns for biomass reduction and percent injury were different within reciprocal crosses and among three different family crosses. Reciprocal effects were observed in growth reduction for 5337-2 × 5330-23, in percent injury at 3 wk after the treatment (WAT), and for 5337-2 × 252 at 6 WAT. This indicated that fluazifop-P-butyl tolerance was not completely controlled by nuclear genetic factors in 5337-2 and maternal/cytoplasmic inheritance was also partially responsible. These results suggested that fluazifop-P-butyl tolerance may be attributed to multiple genetic mechanisms, which could present a challenge for future breeding efforts because of the difficulty of fixing multiple traits within a breeding population.
Critical Rhetoric| (Participatory) Critical Rhetoric: Critiqued and Reconsidered

The turn toward field-based and participatory approaches in rhetoric extended and challenged McKerrow’s earliest formulation of critical rhetoric. Reflecting on recent decolonial, antiracist, feminist, and queer critiques of critical rhetoric—and participatory critical rhetoric by extension—we look to the ways that a participatory orientation invites the rhetorical critic to enter into conversation with new perspectives and epistemologies. We contend that this incommensurability of critical rhetoric with many of these critical provocations produces a set of tensions that can sensitize critics to the complex topographies of power that underlie our scholarship, the assumptions we bring to it, and the ends toward which we direct it. A participatory orientation can bring field critics in conversation with those who suffer under colonial logics, thereby challenging the roots and biases found within rhetorical scholarship. Finally, in the spirit of reflexivity, we step back from this conversation to yield space for additional voices in the conversation about participatory approaches to rhetoric.
P038 : USE OF HLA-ALLELE PAIRS WHICH DIFFER ONLY IN BW4/BW6 FOR ANTIBODY ANALYSIS

Aim Bw4 and Bw6 are mutually exclusive HLA Class I “public” epitopes encoded by amino acids 77–83. We sought to explore selective reactivity patterns of sera with antigens which only differed for Bw4 or Bw6. Methods We tested 6726 sera from 2953 transplant candidates using Labscreen ® Single Antigen (One Lambda, Canoga Park, CA). We focused on target alleles B∗27:05(Bw4) vs B∗27:08(Bw6) and B∗53:01(Bw4) vs B∗35:01(Bw6). Reactions were called Positive (MFI > 3000) or Negative (MFI Results Table 1 shows the excellent correlation between the two sets of allele pairs we used to detect anti-Bw4/Bw6 antibody. Fig. 1 shows that the mean MFI against Bw4 or Bw6 on the other target alleles in the kit were strongly predicted based only on the deduction from the two B27 alleles. Similar predictive value was found for the B35/B53 allele pair. Conclusion Use of selective reactivity of sera with allele targets which only differ in the Bw4 or Bw6 epitopes is a definitive method for detecting such antibodies without presence of masking antibodies against private antigens. Table 1 Bw4 Bw6 B∗53:01posB∗35:01neg B∗53:01negB∗35:01pos Bw4 B∗27:05posB∗27:08neg 79 0 Bw6 B∗27:05negB∗27:08pos 1 37
Learning with Properties: Restrictiveness and Typological Structure

A learner's task is to find the most restrictive grammar consistent with the data of their language. This paper develops an OT learning algorithm that incorporates typological-level information from Property Analysis to increase restrictiveness and successfully learn subset languages. Based on Tesar's (2014) Output-Driven Learner (ODL), Property-ODL (PODL) uses ERCs taken from property values encoding specific markedness > faithfulness rankings. PODL was tested in a learning simulation for the phonological system in Tesar (2014), Paka, which presents the challenging case of languages in paradigmatic subset relations. In ODL, these require additional methods to be learned. PODL eliminates the need for these in learning the paradigmatic subsets and overall reduces the use of less-tested methods in learning the grammars of the typology. Â
Community Engagement Beyond the Buzzwords: Student Internalizations of the Land-Grant Mission

The mission statements of land-grant institutions consistently describe their students as “engaged.” Beginning with an analysis of the mission statements of Midwestern land-grant institutions, this study discusses the results of a pre- and post-test of a subculture of undergraduate students enrolled in a course with a required community engagement component. The study assesses the dissonance or alignment of the ways mission statements describe students and the ways students describe themselves.
Nonprofit Benchmarking With Data Envelopment Analysis

Benchmarking nonprofit performance can be challenging, constraining the ways nonprofits can use operational data to learn from each other and highlight organizational progress. Valid output or outc...
Surgical Management of Chronic Subdural Hematoma in Older Adults: A Systematic Review.

Background Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a form of intracranial hemorrhage common in older adults. Optimal treatment remains controversial. We conducted a systematic review to identify surgical thresholds, characterize outcomes, and delineate critical considerations in the surgical management of older adults in order to summarize the evidence supporting the best contemporary management of cSDH. Methods A systematic review exploring surgical management of cSDH among individuals aged 65 years and older was conducting by searching the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases for articles in English. Abstracts from articles were read and selected for full text review according to a priori criteria. Relevant full text articles were analyzed for bibliographic data, aim, study design, population, interventions, and outcomes. Results Of 1,473 resultant articles, 21 were included. Surgery rationale was case-by-case for symptomatic patients with cSDH. Surgery was superior to conservative management and promoted equivalent neurologic outcomes and rates of complications. Recurrence and reoperation rates in older adults were similar to younger individuals. Some studies reported higher mortality rates for older adults, while others reported no difference. Anticoagulation or antiplatelet agent use did not seem to be associated with poorer outcomes in older adults. Conclusions Surgery for cSDH in older adults leads to favorable neurologic outcomes without increased risk of overall complications, recurrence, or reoperation compared to younger patients. However, older adults may be at increased risk for mortality after surgery. It is important to determine use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents in older adults to optimally manage patients with cSDH.