cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OBPC Symposium: Maize 2004 & beyond—Plant regeneration, gene discovery, and genetic engineering of plants for crop improvement

The development of robust plant regeneration technology in cereals, dicots and ornamentals that is in turn coupled to a high-frequency DNA transfer technology is reported. Transgenic cereals that include maize, Tripsacum, sorghum, Festuca and Lolium, in addition to dicots that include soybean, cotton and various ornamentals such as petunia, begonia, and geranium have been produced following either somatic embryogenesis or direct organogenesis independent of genotype. Coupled with these regeneration protocols, we have also identified several interesting genes and promoters for incorporation into various crops and ornamentals. In addition, the phenomenon of direct in vitro flowering from cotyledonary nodes in soybean is described. In in vitro flowering, the formation of a plant body is suppressed and the cells of the cotyledonary node produce complete flowers from which fertile seed is recovered. This in vitro flowering technology serves as a complementary tool to chloroplast transformation for developing a new transgenic pollen containment strategy for crop species. Recently, the center has undertaken to screen the expression response of the 24 000 Arabidopsis genes to nitric oxide. This signaling molecule upregulated 342 genes and downregulated 80 genes. The object here was to identify a population of promoters that can be manipulated by using a signaling molecule. In addition, in keeping with the mission of enhancing greenhouse profitability for North West Ohio growers, we cloned a number of genes responsive for disease resistance from ornamentals that play an important role in disease management and abiotic stress. We have constructed a plant transformation vector with CBF3 gene under the rd29A promoter for engineering cold and freezing tolerance in petunia. Leaf dises of Petunia×hybrida v26 were used for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and 44 hygromycin-resistant T0 plants were obtained. The presence of CBF3 gene was confirmed in all the transgenic plants by PCR and Southern analyses.
Urogenital and Retroperitoneal Injuries

Renovascular, ureteral, and bladder injuries are rare, and there is insufficient evidence in the literature to draw up robust guidelines regarding management. However, the goal of therapy should be to save the patient’s life through expeditious control of hemorrhage and, as much as possible, to preserve renal function. Retroperitoneal hematomas are relatively common after abdominal and pelvic trauma. Early diagnosis, appropriate resuscitation, and treatment are key in improving survival. Operative approach for massive retroperitoneal bleeding generally requires a wide exposure and direct inspection of the entire compartment. Endovascular management is suitable for many patients and can help avoid major laparotomies and operating deep in the pelvis. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to optimize management of these complex patients.
Tight junctions, but not too tight: fine control of lung permeability by claudins.

surviving acute lung injury requires a functional alveolar epithelial barrier to prevent flooding of the air space ([25][1]). The alveolar epithelium is not a static impenetrable seal; instead, it serves as a dynamic, selectively permeable barrier that actively optimizes the water content of lung
Altered chicken thyroid hormone metabolism with chronic GH enhancement in vivo: consequences for skeletal muscle growth

In contrast to most vertebrates, GH reportedly has no effect upon somatic growth of the chicken. However, previous studies employed only one to two dosages of the hormone, and limited evidence exists of a hyperthyroid response that may confound its anabolic potential. This study evaluated the effects of 0, 10, 50, 100 and 200 µg/kg body weight per day chicken GH (cGH) (0–200 GH) infused i.v. for 7 days in a pulsatile pattern to immature, growing broiler chickens (9–10 birds/dosage). Comprehensive profiles of thyroid hormone metabolism and measures of somatic growth were obtained. Overall (average) body weight gain was reduced 25% by GH, with a curvilinear, dose-dependent decrease in skeletal (breast) muscle mass that was maximal (12%) at 100 GH. This profile mirrored GH dose-dependent decreases in hepatic type III deiodinase (DIII) activity and increases in plasma tri-iodothyronine (T3), with both also maximal (74 and 108% respectively) at 100 GH. No effect on type I deiodinase was observed. At the maximally effective dosage, hepatic DIII gene expression was reduced 44% versus controls. Despite dose-dependent, fold-increases in hepatic IGF-I protein content, circulating IGF-I was not altered with GH infusion, suggesting impairment of hepatic IGF-I release. Significant, GH dose-dependent increases in plasma non-esterified fatty acid and glucose, and overall decreases in triacylglycerides were also observed. At 200 GH, feed intake was significantly reduced (19%; P<0·05) versus controls; however, additional control birds pair-fed to this level did not exhibit any responses observed for GH-treated birds. The results of this study support a pathway by which GH impacts on thyroid hormone metabolism beginning at a pretranslational level, with reduced hepatic DIII gene expression, translating to reduced protein (enzyme) expression, and reflected in a reduced level of peripheral T3-degrading activity. This contributes to decreased conversion of T3 to its inactive form, thereby elevating circulating T3 levels. The hyper-T3 state leads to reduced net skeletal muscle deposition, and may impair release of GH-enhanced, hepatic IGF-I. In conclusion, GH has significant biological effects in the chicken, but profound metabolic actions predominate that may confound positive, IGF-I-mediated skeletal muscle growth.
CONSISTENCY OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING MODELS DERIVED FROM ODOR SORTING

. The odor perceptions of six groups of subjects who varied in their degree of experience and training in odor evaluation were examined using a sorting task. Data were submitted to multidimensional scaling to produce perceptual models. Regardless of training or expertise, models of different subject groups were highly similar as measured by interpoint distance correlations (median r = 0.74). The retest correlation of one group tested twice with no intervening training was 0.85. A two-dimensional model provided a better fit to the data of fragrance descriptive panelists than to that of other subjects, but the configuration of these trained panelists was qualitatively similar to all other groups. The method of odor sorting as analyzed by multidimensional scaling was relatively unaffected by learning or other cognitive/linguistic influences on odor perception and showed a fair degree of reliability and inter-group consistency in odor quality perception.
Simple algorithms for decorrelation-based blind source separation

We present simple adaptive algorithms that perform blind source separation for spatially-independent and temporally-correlated source signals. The proposed algorithms are modified versions of a well-known natural gradient prewhitening scheme, and the simplest version has almost the same complexity as this prewhitening method. We provide a stationary point analysis of our schemes, proving that the only locally-stable stationary point results in separated sources with unit variances and a guaranteed output ordering. We also show how to modify the approaches so that joint subspace analysis and decorrelation-based source separation are performed. Simulations verify the separation capabilities of the schemes.
Multiwavelength all-optical clock recovery

Multiwavelength clock recovery is especially desirable in systems that use wavelength-division-multiplexed technology. A multiwavelength clock-recovery device can greatly simplify costs by eliminating the need to have a separate regenerator for each wavelength. This letter discusses multiwavelength all-optical clock recovery using stimulated Brillouin scattering.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE NATURE OF THE PATIENT‐FAMILY THERAPY GROUP

Patient-family group therapy meetings (attended by a therapist, six patients, and their immediate family members) were assessed on 37 variables and compared with conventional group therapy meetings attended by the same therapist and patients. The data are discussed in terms of their implications concerning the nature of patient-family group therapy.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus nsp1 Suppresses Host Gene Expression, Including That of Type I Interferon, in Infected Cells

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nsp1 protein has unique biological functions that have not been described in the viral proteins of any RNA viruses; expressed SARS-CoV nsp1 protein has been found to suppress host gene expression by promoting host mRNA degradation and inhibiting translation. We generated an nsp1 mutant (nsp1-mt) that neither promoted host mRNA degradation nor suppressed host protein synthesis in expressing cells. Both a SARS-CoV mutant virus, encoding the nsp1-mt protein (SARS-CoV-mt), and a wild-type virus (SARS-CoV-WT) replicated efficiently and exhibited similar one-step growth kinetics in susceptible cells. Both viruses accumulated similar amounts of virus-specific mRNAs and nsp1 protein in infected cells, whereas the amounts of endogenous host mRNAs were clearly higher in SARS-CoV-mt-infected cells than in SARS-CoV-WT-infected cells, in both the presence and absence of actinomycin D. Further, SARS-CoV-WT replication strongly inhibited host protein synthesis, whereas host protein synthesis inhibition in SARS-CoV-mt-infected cells was not as efficient as in SARS-CoV-WT-infected cells. These data revealed that nsp1 indeed promoted host mRNA degradation and contributed to host protein translation inhibition in infected cells. Notably, SARS-CoV-mt infection, but not SARS-CoV-WT infection, induced high levels of beta interferon (IFN) mRNA accumulation and high titers of type I IFN production. These data demonstrated that SARS-CoV nsp1 suppressed host innate immune functions, including type I IFN expression, in infected cells and suggested that SARS-CoV nsp1 most probably plays a critical role in SARS-CoV virulence.
Explaining Perceptions of Advertising Tone

The authors investigate whether the news media and the tone of actual ads aired during a political campaign influence people’s perceptions of campaign ad tone. Using data on the content of politica...
Concomitant use of the matrix strategy and the mand-model procedure in teaching graphic symbol combinations

Matrix strategies employing parts of speech arranged in systematic language matrices and milieu language teaching strategies have been successfully used to teach word combining skills to children who have cognitive disabilities and some functional speech. The present study investigated the acquisition and generalized production of two-term semantic relationships in a new population using new types of symbols. Three children with cognitive disabilities and little or no functional speech were taught to combine graphic symbols. The matrix strategy and the mand-model procedure were used concomitantly as intervention procedures. A multiple probe design across sets of action – object combinations with generalization probes of untrained combinations was used to teach the production of graphic symbol combinations. Results indicated that two of the three children learned the early syntactic-semantic rule of combining action – object symbols and demonstrated generalization to untrained action – object combinations ...
Pentoxifylline increases cochlear blood flow while decreasing blood pressure in guinea pigs

The effects of pentoxifylline on cochlear blood flow (CoBF) were investigated in anesthetized guinea pigs by laser Doppler flowmetry and intravital microscopy red blood cell velocity measurement. Intra-arterial infusion of pentoxifylline (3, 4, and 5 mg/kg/min) produced dose-dependent reductions in blood pressure, accompanied by significant elevations in CoBF that were not dose-dependent. These results are in general agreement with previous findings from our laboratory utilizing normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats, however, in contrast with rats, guinea pigs revealed an initial decrease in CoBF followed by an increase. Also, pentoxifylline produced relatively smaller elevations in CoBF in guinea pigs as compared with those previously reported in rats. Taken together these results support the hypothesis that pentoxifylline increases vascular perfusion by decreasing blood viscosity and increasing the plasticity of red blood cells.
In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo Determination of Thyroid Hormone Modulating Activity of Benzothiazoles

As in vitro assays are increasingly used to screen chemicals for their potential to produce endocrine disrupting adverse effects, it is important to understand their predictive capacity. The potential for a set of 6 benzothiazoles to affect endpoints related to thyroid hormone synthesis inhibition were assessed using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo assays. Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) derived from pig thyroid glands was determined for benzothiazole (BTZ), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), 5-chloro-2-mercaptobenzothiazole (CMBT), 2-aminobenzothiazole (ABT), 2-hydroxybenzothiazole (HBT), and 2-methylthiobenzothiazole (MTBT). Their rank order potency for TPO inhibition was MBT=CMBT>ABT>BTZ, whereas HBT and MTBT exhibited no inhibitory activity. The benzothiazoles were tested further in a Xenopus laevis thyroid gland explant culture assay in which inhibition of thyroxine (T4) release was the measured endpoint. In this assay all 6 benzothiazoles inhibited T4 release. The activity of the benzothiazoles for disrupting thyroid hormone activity was verified in vivo using X. laevis tadpoles in a 7-day assay. The 2 most potent chemicals for TPO inhibition, MBT and CMBT, produced responses in vivo indicative of T4 synthesis inhibition including induction of sodium iodide symporter mRNA and decreases in glandular and circulating thyroid hormones. The capability to measure thyroid hormone levels in the glands and blood by ultrahigh performance LC-MS/MS methods optimized for small tissue samples was critical for effects interpretation. These results indicate that inhibition of TPO activity in vitro was a good indicator of a chemical's potential for thyroid hormone disruption in vivo and may be useful for prioritizing chemicals for further investigation.
Hp-normogram (normo-graham) for Assessing the Outcome of H. pylori Therapy: Effect of Resistance, Duration, and CYP2C19 Genotype

There have been hundreds of H. pylori eradication trials and yet doubt remains regarding the best regimen for any situation. With most regimens, treatment failure is the result of resistance to one component (e.g., clarithromycin). Thus, if one knows the treatment success with two groups (all with susceptible and with all with resistant infections), one can construct a normogram that provides a reliable estimate of the outcome at any prevalence of resistance. The same data can be used to estimate the prevalence of resistance in any clinical trial, the effects duration of therapy, and effects of any procedures to improve outcome (e.g., increasing the proton-pump inhibitor dose, the duration of therapy, etc.). Because the Hp-normo-graham can reliably predict the outcome of clinical trials, it can also obviate the need for many clinical trials in populations where resistance is common. Here, we illustrate the construction of Hp-normo-graham and its use to describe the effects of resistance, duration of therapy, attempts to improve results, and the prevalence of resistance and to obviate the need for many clinical trials.
Rapid Semimicro Procedure for Estimating Free and Total Cholesterol

A rapid procedure for the determination of both free and total cholesterol in serum is described. The color development is extremely rapid, and once fully developed the color remains stable for several hours. The heat of reaction produced by the combination of concentrated sulfuric acid, phosphoricacid, and glacial acetic acid is apparently responsible for the rapid color development. The stable ferric chloride reagent containingphosphoric acid appears to be the contributing factor to the stability of the color. The results obtained with this procedure compare favorably with those obtained with saponification methods.
Superponderomotive regime of tunneling ionization

Ultrarelativistic photoelectron spectra exhibit unexpected characteristics in a paraxial laser focus. The photoelectron energy scales superponderomotively, and the usual parabolic momentum distribution is distorted into a variety of intricate patterns, depending on the location of the ion. These patterns include discrete contours, which in some cases can be easily identified with a particular subcycle burst of ionization current. An analytical formula for the maximum photoelectron energy in a paraxial radiation field is given, and high-resolution momentum distributions with narrowly peaked features are presented. These narrowly peaked features suggest application to electron injection into plasma-based accelerators.
HAXPES Measurements of Heterojunction Band Alignment

Heterojunctions, the abrupt change of materials at interfaces, are an integral feature of modern electronic devices. The alignment of electronic energy levels at a heterojunction can be used to tailor charge transfer across the interface, for example to improve carrier injection or to block leakage current. An overview of the understanding of heterojunction energy-level alignment with specific examples of the unique contributions that hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) provides to the understanding of this topic is presented in this chapter. Many theoretical approaches have been applied to heterojunction band alignment, and have had some success in predicting band-alignment values in some but not all cases. Band-alignment measurements have been made using electronic measurements such as internal photoemission, as well as photoelectron spectroscopy either measuring valence bands directly or through the use of core levels. Examples of measurements made by these techniques is presented. HAXPES measurements provide a greater analysis depth, which provides the advantage of measuring “real” heterojunctions fabricated by industrially-relevant techniques. HAXPES has been used to query the fundamental limitations on interlayer thickness for band-offset engineering, and the use of new materials for photovoltaic applications. These and other applications are presented.
Validation of the Quantitative Diagnostic Thinking Inventory for Athletic Training: A Pilot Study

Context: The cognitive process of making a clinical decision lies somewhere on a continuum between novices using hypothetico-deductive reasoning and experts relying more on case pattern recognition. Although several methods exist for measuring facets of clinical reasoning in specific situations, none have been experimentally applied, as of yet, to the profession of athletic training. The Diagnostic Thinking Inventory (DTI) has been used with medical doctors and medical students to determine their level of clinical reasoning as it applies to diagnosis making. Objective: To validate the DTI for Athletic Training (DTI-AT) and associated interview questions for use in the field of athletic training. Design: Mixed methodology. Setting: Online inventory and Skype-based interviews. Patients or Other Participants: Convenience sample of 25 senior-level athletic training students. Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants completed an online version of the DTI-AT which rated clinical reasoning tendencies on a 6-point L...
Breast cancer detective: a computer game to teach breast cancer screening to Native American patients.

Background. Few computer based information resources about breast cancer screening are interactive or are culturally appropriate for Native American patient education. Methods. An interactive computer game was designed by modifications to a previously developed game for medical students about breast cancer screening. Results. "Breast Cancer Detective-Native Patient Version" incorporates problem-based learning and competitive play and has culturally relevant graphics, situations, and language for patients. Conclusions. The computer game is targeted for Native American health care, designed to improve compliance with breast screening in this underserved population and improve cultural awareness for health care students and providers.
Graveyard of Analogies: The Use and Abuse of History for the War in Afghanistan

ABSTRACTDecades of scholarship have warned against using historical analogies for policymaking. But the Taliban insurgency appears, on the surface, to confirm the usefulness of historical analogies to the British and Soviet wars in Afghanistan. I review the use of analogies for the war in Afghanistan and argue the analogies were historically unsound and strategically unhelpful. In fact, their effect on policy helped create the conditions for the very insurgency policymakers most hoped to avoid. The Taliban insurgency did not occur because of the presence of too many foreign troops and aid workers, but because there were too few.
Genotyping of Plasmodium vivax in Liaoning Province via the circumsporozoite protein

Objective To determinate the genotype and characteristics of the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium vivax in Liaoning Province.Fifteen blood specimens were collected from patients with P.vivax for DNA preparation.Methods The improved Chelex-100 ion-exchange method was used to extract DNA from blood specimens,and nested and mutation point-specific PCR technique and agarose gel electrophoresis were used to amplify and analyze the resulting fragments.Results In 12 specimens from indigenous cases of P.vivax in Liaoning,6 strains were from the temperate zone family(50.00%) while 6 strains were from a mixed infection of PV-type 2 and the temperate zone family(50.00%).There were 3 specimens of P.vivax from imported cases;1 strain was from the temperate zone family,1 was from the tropic zone family,and 1 was from a mixed infection of PV-type 2 and the temperate zone family.Conclusion P.vivax circumsporozoite protein exists in two genotypes in Liaoning Province.The genotypes are a strain in the temperate zone family and a mixed infection of PV-type 2 and the temperate zone family,but the tropical zone family strain and PV-type 2 are not present in Liaoning Province.
The treatment of carcinoma of the cervix with full irradiation therapy followed by radical pelvic surgery: First progress report on an experimental series

Abstract 1. 1. In a series of 195 cases of carcinoma of the cervix, 143 were treated with irradiation alone and 52, or 27 per cent, were treated with full irradiation therapy followed by the radical Wertheim-Bonney operation. 2. 2. The operative mortality in the 52 cases was zero. There was one post-operative ureterovaginal fistula, an incidence of 2 per cent, and 4 vesicovaginal fistulas, an incidence of 8 per cent. 3. 3. Five of the 52 patients died, one from primary adenocarcinoma of the liver after first surviving for 5 years and 5 months, one from intracranial hemorrhage and hypertensive cardiovascular disease 3 years following operation, and 3 from recurrence of their pelvic cancer. 4. 4. Residual carcinoma was present in the surgical specimens in 18 cases, or 34.6 per cent of the 52 cases; the cervix contained viable cancer in 12 cases, the uterus in 2, the cardinal ligaments in 2, and the pelvic lymph nodes in 6.
Distributed estimation for sensor networks with arbitrary topologies

This paper addresses the problem of distributed recursive estimation of the state of a dynamical system, using measurements obtained by a network of locally-communicating sensors. Prior work on this problem has mostly focused on the development of methods suitable for very large networks, where multiple iterations of communication between neighboring sensors are used to obtain good asymptotic estimation accuracy. By contrast, we here focus on the case of medium-sized networks (consisting of up to a few tens of nodes), where limited communication is the primary constraint. We propose a distributed estimation method that uses knowledge of the network topology to explicitly model the accuracy of different nodes' estimates, as well as the correlations between them. As a result, the proposed method is able to optimally utilize the measurements and state estimates communicated between neighboring nodes. This method does not require iterations, imposes no assumptions on the structure of the communication graph, and can provide an accurate representation of the accuracy of the produced estimates. We provide Monte-Carlo simulation results that demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing algorithms, when all methods use the same amount of inter-node communication.
NV-based quantum memories coupled to photonic integrated circuits

The negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond is a promising solid-state quantum memory. However, developing networks comprising such quantum memories is limited by the fabrication yield of the quantum nodes and the collection efficiency of indistinguishable photons. In this letter, we report on advances on a hybrid quantum system that allows for scalable production of networks, even with low-yield node fabrication. Moreover, an NV center in a simple single mode diamond waveguide is shown in simulation and experiment to couple well to a single mode SiN waveguide with a simple adiabatic taper for optimal mode transfer. In addition, cavity enhancement of the zero phonon line of the NV center with a resonance coupled to the waveguide mode allows a simulated <1800 fold increase in the collection of photon states coherent with the state of the NV center into a single frequency and spatial mode.
Territorios, cartografías y espacios: Presentación

Este texto funciona como presentacion del dossier y bosqueja algunas ideas generales sobre sus temas principales
Preferred Orientations and Magnetic Properties of Rolled and Annealed Permanent Magnet Alloys

Pole figures, torque curves, and coercive force have been determined for the following rolled and annealed permanent magnet alloys: Cunife, Cunico, Silmanal, Vicalloy I, Vicalloy II, and Heusler’s Alloy.
Increased Mortality Among Persons With Chronic Hepatitis C With Moderate or Severe Liver Disease: A Cohort Study.

Background Despite the availability of curative treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, because of cost, treatment is often denied until liver fibrosis has progressed to at least moderate fibrosis and, in some cases, cirrhosis. That practice is justified on assumptions that there are no medical consequences to having moderate disease and that disease stage transitions can be anticipated. Methods We performed transient elastography on 964 people chronically infected with HCV with a history of injection drug use living in Baltimore, Maryland. Liver stiffness was evaluated semiannually from 2006 to 2014 using validated cutoffs for moderate fibrosis (8.0-12.3 kPa) and severe fibrosis/cirrhosis (>12.3 kPa). Results Among 964 persons, 62%, 23% and 15% had baseline measurements suggestive of no/mild fibrosis, moderate fibrosis, and severe fibrosis/cirrhosis, respectively. All-cause and nonaccidental mortality were elevated in persons with moderate fibrosis (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.42 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .96-2.11]; aHR, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.06-2.59], respectively) after adjustment for sociodemographics, substance use, and human immunodeficiency virus status. Despite the increased risk of mortality among those with moderate fibrosis, no combination of demographic, behavioral, and clinical factors, nor changes in stiffness measurements themselves could predict the transition from mild to moderate fibrosis with sufficiently high diagnostic accuracy (C-statistic = 0.72 for best-performing model). Conclusions Delaying treatment for anyone chronically infected with HCV regardless of fibrosis stage may be detrimental given the increased risk of mortality even for those with moderate disease and the inability to predict the transition from mild to moderate disease.
Comparison of three methods for calibrating a Willmore geophone

abstract This paper describes a simple method for calibrating a Willmore geophone without using a shake table. It is assumed that one of the mechanical parameters of the system is known—in this case, the mass. The results from this simplified method are compared with an a.c. bridge method in which the equivalent electrical impedance is measured and with another bridge method described by Willmore where the sensitivity is measured by a substitution method. The three methods give substantially the same sensitivity of 6.1 volts/cm/sec for the particular geophone, with an estimated accuracy of 2 per cent, and all agree to the manufacturer9s approximate specification to within 7 per cent.
Assessment of ciliary phenotype in primary ciliary dyskinesia by micro-optical coherence tomography

Ciliary motion defects cause defective mucociliary transport (MCT) in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Current diagnostic tests do not assess how MCT is affected by perturbation of ciliary motion. In this study, we sought to use micro-optical coherence tomography (μOCT) to delineate the mechanistic basis of cilia motion defects of PCD genes by functional categorization of cilia motion. Tracheae from three PCD mouse models were analyzed using μOCT to characterize ciliary motion and measure MCT. We developed multiple measures of ciliary activity, integrated these measures, and quantified dyskinesia by the angular range of the cilia effective stroke (ARC). Ccdc39-/- mice, with a known severe PCD mutation of ciliary axonemal organization, had absent motile ciliary regions, resulting in abrogated MCT. In contrast, Dnah5-/- mice, with a missense mutation of the outer dynein arms, had reduced ciliary beat frequency (CBF) but preserved motile area and ciliary stroke, maintaining some MCT. Wdr69-/- PCD mice exhibited normal motile area and CBF and partially delayed MCT due to abnormalities of ciliary ARC. Visualization of ciliary motion using μOCT provides quantitative assessment of ciliary motion and MCT. Comprehensive ciliary motion investigation in situ classifies ciliary motion defects and quantifies their contribution to delayed mucociliary clearance.
Isolated growth hormone deficiency due to the R183H mutation in GH1: Clinical analysis of a four-generation family.

The R183H mutation in the growth hormone gene (GH1) is a well-described genetic variant that causes autosomal dominant isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) type II. Previous studies have demonstrated that individuals with this mutation have releasable growth hormone (GH) stores, but such release is severely impaired. Hess et al. reported variable height deficits (-4.5 to -1.0 SDS), variable IGF-I concentrations (-2.9 to -0.8 SDS), and low but detectable, or even normal stimulated peak GH in several patients with the R183H mutation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Model Averaging with AIC Weights for Hypothesis Testing of Hormesis at Low Doses

For many dose-response studies, large samples are not available. Particularly, when the outcome of interest is binary rather than continuous, a large sample size is required to provide evidence for hormesis at low doses. In a small or moderate sample, we can gain statistical power by the use of a parametric model. It is an efficient approach when it is correctly specified, but it can be misleading otherwise. This research is motivated by the fact that data points at high experimental doses have too much contribution in the hypothesis testing when a parametric model is misspecified. In dose-response analyses, to account for model uncertainty and to reduce the impact of model misspecification, averaging multiple models have been widely discussed in the literature. In this article, we propose to average semiparametric models when we test for hormesis at low doses. We show the different characteristics of averaging parametric models and averaging semiparametric models by simulation. We apply the proposed method to real data, and we show that P values from averaged semiparametric models are more credible than P values from averaged parametric methods. When the true dose-response relationship does not follow a parametric assumption, the proposed method can be an alternative robust approach.
Fiscally driven compensation reform and threats to human capital capacity in the public sector

Compensation systems serve a critical role in strategic human resources management, and over the past twenty-five years, there have been an increasing number of public sector reform efforts aimed at better aligning compensation practices with institutional workforce needs. While many past reforms have been performance driven, the nationʼs most recent economic downturn has served as potent catalyst for a renewed focus on public sector compensation, particularly reforms to public sector retirement benefits. However, given the traditional importance of public sector retirement benefits within broader bureaucratic structures, these new reforms hold the potential to substantially alter human capital capacity in the public sector. Using wage and retirement benefit data from the U.S. Census Bureauʼs Current Population Survey and National Compensation Survey, this paper finds that state and local governments face significant threats to their long-term human capital capacity in light of potential benefit reforms that place a disproportionate emphasis upon competitive wage rates.
The Dfm1 Derlin Is Required for ERAD Retrotranslocation of Integral Membrane Proteins

Summary Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) removes misfolded proteins from the ER membrane and lumen by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Retrotranslocation of ubiquitinated substrates to the cytosol is a universal feature of ERAD that requires the Cdc48 AAA-ATPase. Despite intense efforts, the mechanism of ER exit, particularly for integral membrane (ERAD-M) substrates, has remained unclear. Using a self-ubiquitinating substrate (SUS), which undergoes normal retrotranslocation independently of known ERAD factors, and the new SPOCK (single plate orf compendium kit) micro-library to query all yeast genes, we found the rhomboid derlin Dfm1 was required for retrotranslocation of both HRD and DOA ERAD pathway integral membrane substrates. Dfm1 recruited Cdc48 to the ER membrane with its unique SHP motifs, and it catalyzed substrate extraction through its conserved rhomboid motifs. Surprisingly, dfm1Δ can undergo rapid suppression, restoring wild-type ERAD-M. This unexpected suppression explained earlier studies ruling out Dfm1, and it revealed an ancillary ERAD-M retrotranslocation pathway requiring Hrd1.
Parental Influences and Child Internalizing Outcomes across Multiple Generations

Our objective was to test ways parental caring and over-controlling rearing approaches predict internalizing problems across multiple generations of offspring: from grandparents to parents and from parents to children. We examined whether retrospective perceptions of grandparents' caring and over-controlling behaviors predicted parents' current anxiety problems and rearing behaviors toward their own children in a sample that participated in a clinical trial for youth with a specific phobia (SP). We further tested whether parental anxiety and rearing approaches (as perceived by parents and children) predicted children's longitudinal outcomes of internalizing problems and severity of the SP over time, above and beyond the effects of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) for the treatment of the SP. We were ultimately interested in testing indirect, intergenerational processes from grandparents to children to identify buffers or risks of anxiety via patterns of care and control from parents. Data were drawn from 113 treatment-seeking children with SPs and their parents (52.2% female, ages 6-15, M age = 8.77, SD = 1.75) from pre-treatment to three-year follow-up. Hierarchical linear models tested the effects of earlier grandparent rearing behaviors on parent and child outcomes and the effects of parent anxiety and rearing behaviors on child outcomes. Models supported indirect effects of grandparent rearing behaviors onto child outcomes via ongoing parent anxiety problems and select rearing behaviors, suggesting these intergenerational processes could potentially maintain anxiety (i.e., use of over-controlling behaviors) or buffer offspring from anxiety risks (i.e., use of care behaviors).
Metabolism and Biodegradation of Spacecraft Cleaning Reagents by Strains of Spacecraft-Associated Acinetobacter

Abstract Spacecraft assembly facilities are oligotrophic and low-humidity environments, which are routinely cleaned using alcohol wipes for benchtops and spacecraft materials, and alkaline detergents for floors. Despite these cleaning protocols, spacecraft assembly facilities possess a persistent, diverse, dynamic, and low abundant core microbiome, where the Acinetobacter are among the dominant members of the community. In this report, we show that several spacecraft-associated Acinetobacter metabolize or biodegrade the spacecraft cleaning reagents of ethanol (ethyl alcohol), 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol), and Kleenol 30 (floor detergent) under ultraminimal conditions. Using cultivation and stable isotope labeling studies, we show that ethanol is a sole carbon source when cultivating in 0.2 × M9 minimal medium containing 26 μM Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2. Although cultures expectedly did not grow solely on 2-propanol, cultivations on mixtures of ethanol and 2-propanol exhibited enhanced plate counts at mole ratios of...
Aeroelastic analysis of the 3-dimensional interference patterns of wind-turbine rotors: The 3-D DRD-BEM model

Greater penetration of wind energy demands better utilization of available wind. This has led to a formidable increase in the size of turbine rotors over the past few years. Bigger rotors call for lighter, more flexible blades to reduce loads and improve fatigue life. As a result, future blades will deform substantially more than the relatively stiff blades of the past. More efficient use of wind power also calls for incorporating advanced active and passive control strategies and increasing the range of velocities over which wind energy is captured. The blade sections will, therefore, no longer be perpendicular to the rotor's radial direction. The hitherto small radial component of aerodynamic forces in the hub must now be taken into account. In this paper we present a way to substantially extend the capabilities of the Dynamic Rotor Deformation - Blade Element Momentum model (DRD-BEM) by taking into consideration the 3-Dimensional effects of these forces on rotor interference. In this method, called the 3-D DRD-BEM, the coordinate system where the momentum balance is performed in BEM theory is moved, from the hub, to the instantaneous position and alignment of the blade section in its deformed configuration. A detailed description of the new model is presented, followed by numerical simulations to verify it in a 3-D interference pattern.
Effective methods for solving the Bi-criteria p-Center and p-Dispersion problem

Abstract Given a collection of n locations and a symmetric measure of distance (difference) between each pair of locations, we seek to identify (select) a subset of p locations so as to achieve two distinct objectives. The first objective is to minimize the maximum dissimilarity (i.e., distance) between the selected locations and other locations. The second objective is to maximize the minimum distance (diversity) among the selected locations themselves. Based on the relationship between the max-min diversity problem and the node packing problem, we propose an integer programming (IP) model and a corresponding incremental algorithm to find the non-dominated frontier for this bi-criteria optimization problem. Subsequently we use the relationship between this IP model and a corresponding set-covering problem to propose effective methods for solving the former. Finally we employ the relationship between the node packing constraints and the set covering constraints to propose a new family of valid inequalities for the corresponding IP models that are potentially effective when solving large instances of these models. Through computational experiments we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed methods for solving relatively large instances of this bi-criteria optimization problem.
The Paradox of Police Data

This paper considers the history and politics of ‘police data.’ Police data, I contend, is a category of endangered data reliant on voluntary and inconsistent reporting by law enforcement agencies; it is also inconsistently described and routinely housed in systems that were not designed with long-term strategies for data preservation, curation or management in mind. Moreover, whereas US law enforcement agencies have, for over a century, produced and published a great deal of data about crime, data about the ways in which police officers spend their time and make decisions about resources—as well as information about patterns of individual officer behavior, use of force, and in-custody deaths—is difficult to find. This presents a paradoxical situation wherein vast stores of extant data are completely inaccessible to the public. This paradoxical state is not new, but the continuation of a long history co-constituted by technologies, epistemologies and context.
An Empirical Data Inconsistency Metric (DIM) Driven CT Image Reconstruction Method

Current computed tomography (CT) image reconstruction methods generally assume that a complete and consistent data set was acquired during data acquisition. In practice, however, the acquired data are often not consistent from one view angle to another. In this case, the application of a well-developed image reconstruction algorithm to an inconsistent data set still generates artifacts in the reconstructed images. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a simple method to classify the acquired data set into several consistency classes and to incorporate the data consistency information into an image reconstruction framework to simultaneously reconstruct several sub-images of the same image object according to the data consistency level of the acquired data set. In this paper, an empirical data inconsistency metric (DIM) was introduced to characterize the inconsistency level of the acquired cone beam CT projection data at each view angle caused by the polychromatic X-ray spectrum and the use of tube potential modulation. The entire acquired data set is then sorted into several subsets of view angles based upon the value of the DIM at each view angle. After data classification, the previously published algorithm, synchronized multiartifact reduction with tomographic reconstruction, was applied to simultaneously reconstruct images for these sub-images in different spectral consistency classes. Each sub-image is consistent with the subset of the projection view angles for a given range of DIM values. To validate the method, numerical simulation studies from an anthropomorphic numerical phantom, a hybrid phantom of known truth with human anatomy, and in vivo human subject data were conducted to demonstrate the practical utility of the proposed method.
Factors Associated with Infection Preventionist Turnover in Long-term Care Facilities

BACKGROUND Infection Preventionist (IP) turnover is a significant barrier in developing effective infection prevention and control (IPC) programs in the long-term care facilities (LTCF). We studied the factors that contributed to or prevented IP turnover in LTCF. METHODS An 11 question online survey was developed and emailed to 222 directors of nursing (DON) of LTCF with directions to forward it to the facility IP for completion. Survey collected information on turnover of IP, DON and associate DON (ADON) in the past 24 months. Additional questions assessed perceptions of IPs regarding impact of turnover and factors associated with it. RESULTS A total of 64 IPs (28.8%) completed the survey. All reported performing at least one additional responsibility in addition to their IP role (range 1-4). In the past 24 months, 54.7% LTCF had at least one turnover at IP, 54.7% at DON and 29.7% at ADON positions. Majority of IPs (54.3%) from the LTCF that had turnover at DON position (n=35) reported that turnover in nursing leadership affected their ability to perform their IPC program responsibilities. Many IPs (45.7%) from LTCF that experienced IP turnover (n=35) reported that it impeded full implementation of IPC program at their facility. Workload was the most frequently selected contributing factor to the turnover (37.1%), followed by wages and benefits (28.6%), nursing leadership turnover (25.7%), dissatisfaction with the job (25.7%), and understaffing (25.7%). The most common reasons preventing IP turnover reported by IPs from LTCF without any IP turnover (n=29) included nursing leadership stability (27.6%), opportunity for professional development (20.7%), and overall satisfaction with the job (17.2%). CONCLUSIONS This study identified several modifiable factors that influence IP turnover in LTCF. Advocacy at the national level is required to raise awareness of the challenges faced by IPs in this setting in order to decrease their turnover rate.
Coexistence calculation using the isothermal-isochoric integration method

Abstract In this work, the isothermal-isochoric integration (ITIC) method is demonstrated as a viable method for vapor-liquid coexistence calculation by molecular simulation. Several tests are carried out to validate the method. The first group of tests utilizes self-consistent NIST REFPROP values to demonstrate that, in the absence of simulation uncertainties, the ITIC method yields coexistence values with less than 1% deviation for reduced temperatures of less than 0.85. The impact of various simulation specifications are then compared. Following our recommended simulation methodology, consistent results are achieved between the ITIC method, Gibbs Ensemble Monte Carlo (GEMC) method, and Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method for reduced temperatures of 0.6–0.85. The ITIC method proves to be much more effective compared to GEMC and GCMC methods for vapor-liquid coexistence calculations at reduced temperatures of 0.45–0.6, which are important for practical applications. It is shown that computational efficiency is often served best by applying the ITIC method for the entire temperature range rather than applying Monte Carlo (MC) methods for part of the range. Furthermore, the ITIC method lends itself to application with molecular dynamics (MD) as well as MC, advancing the prospect of simulation results that are quantitatively consistent across software platforms.
“We Have to Get over It”: Navigating Sex Talk Through the Lens of Sexual Communication Comfort and Sexual Self-disclosure in LGBTQ Intimate Partnerships

This study examined the identity-laden processes of sexual communication for LGBTQ individuals in relationships. Specifically, this study analyzed open-ended descriptions of sexual communication comfort as well as the relationship between sexual self-disclosure, sexual satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, and sexual communication satisfaction. Findings suggest that there was a moderate, positive relationship between sexual self-disclosure and sexual satisfaction, sexual self-disclosure and relationship satisfaction, and sexual satisfaction and relationship satisfaction. There was a strong, positive relationship between sexual self-disclosure and sexual communication satisfaction, and sexual communication satisfaction and sexual satisfaction. Sexual communication comfort themes included comfort as relational, friends first, sex drive, social networks, gender identities, and vulnerability. These findings support and extend previous research on sexual self-disclosure and relational outcomes and introduce descriptions of sexual communication comfort to highlight the risky and necessary nature of sexual communication.