cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RE: “CONDOM EFFECTIVENESS FOR REDUCING TRANSMISSION OF GONORRHEA AND CHLAMYDIA: THE IMPORTANCE OF ASSESSING PARTNER INFECTION STATUS”

Warner et al. (1) are to be congratulated for their excellent study examining the impact of partner infection status on condom effectiveness for reducing transmission of gonorrheal and chlamydial infections. Their results demonstrate significant protection in consistent condom users known to have been exposed to an infected partner, while no significant impact of condom use was detected among those who did not know their exposure status. The authors point out that limiting the analyses to persons with infected partners avoids potential bias from increased condom use with partners considered to be “high risk.” This study also incorporates a methodological advancement—measuring the number of “protected” and “unprotected” sexual encounters, rather than simply estimating the proportion of encounters during which condoms were used. As we have previously proposed, this distinction is important because the number of exposures to an infected partner may have a substantial impact on infection risk, particularly for highly contagious infections (2). It is perplexing, however, that the risk of infection in condom-using subjects did not increase even when the frequency of protected exposures increased. Although increases in the proportion of exposures in which condoms are used would be expected to result in fewer new infections, the cumulative risk of experiencing condom failure would be expected to increase with greater numbers of exposures. This assumes that even consistent condom users remain at some risk of infection from incorrect condom use or method failure. The adjusted odds ratio of 0.42 in this study indicates that consistent condom users still face some risk of infection. A lack of statistical power resulting from a small number of total exposures may help to explain the absence of a relation between increasing numbers of condom-protected exposures and an increase in infection risk. Larger sample sizes and greater total numbers of protected exposures may be necessary to detect the effect of increasing cumulative risk of condom failure. A second possibility is that the increased risk from repeated exposures is offset by more effective condom use in those who use condoms more frequently—a practice effect (3). A third possibility—the one we believe is most likely—is that, despite improvements in measurement, the measurement of condom use in this study was still not precise enough. Although the authors provide information regarding the number of protected and unprotected exposures in persons with known infectious partners, no information is provided regarding the actual number of protected and unprotected exposures with the infected partner, as opposed to other, likely noninfectious partners. Thus, a direct measurement of the number of protected and unprotected expo
A plague on host defense.

“ … the plague bacillus never dies or disappears for good; … it bides its time in bedrooms, cellars, trunks, and bookshelves; and perhaps the day would come when, for the bane and the enlightening of men, it would rouse up its rats again and send them forth to die in a happy city.” Albert
Host–parasite distributions under changing climate: Tsuga heterophylla and Arceuthobium tsugense in Alaska

Dwarf mistletoes (Arceuthobium species) influence many processes within forested ecosystems, but few studies have examined their distribution in relation to climate. An analysis of 1549 forested plots within a 14.5 million ha region of southeast Alaska provided strong indications that climate currently limits hemlock dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense (Rosendahl) G.N. Jones) to a subset of the range of its primary tree host, western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), with infection varying from a high of 20% of trees at sea level to only 5% by 200 m elevation. Three types of mod- eling approaches (logistic, most similar neighbors, and random forests) were tested for the ability to simultaneously predict abundance and distribution of host and pathogen as a function of climate variables. Current distribution was explained well by logistic models using growing degree-days, indirect and direct solar radiation, rainfall, snowfall, slope, and minimum temperatures, although accuracy for predicting A. tsugense presence at a particular location was only 38%. For future climate scenarios (A1B, A2, and B1), projected increases for A. tsugense habitat over a century ranged from a low of 374% to a high of 757%, with differences between modeling approaches contributing more to uncertainty than differences between cli- mate scenarios. Resume : Le faux-gui (Arceuthobium species) influence plusieurs processus dans les ecosystemes forestiers mais peu d'etu- des ont porte sur sa repartition en lien avec le climat. Une analyse de 1 549 places echantillons boisees a l'interieur d'une region de 14,5 millions d'hectares dans le sud-est de l'Alaska a clairement montre que le climat limite presentement le faux- gui de la pruche (Arceuthobium tsugense (Rosendahl) G.N. Jones) a un sous-ensemble de l'aire de repartition de son hote principal, pruche de l'Ouest (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), avec un taux d'infection qui varie d'un maximum de 20 % des arbres au niveau de la mer a seulement 5 % vers 200 m d'altitude. Trois types de methodes de modelisation (logistique, voisins les plus similaires et forets aleatoires) ont ete testees pour leur capacite a predire simultanement l'abondance et la re- partition de l'hote et du pathogene en fonction des variables climatiques. La repartition actuelle est bien expliquee par des modeles logistiques utilisant les degres-jours de croissance, le rayonnement solaire direct et indirect, la pluie, les chutes de neige, la pente et les temperatures minimum, mais la precision pour predire la presence d'A. tsugense a un endroit donne est de seulement 38 %. Dans le cas des scenarios climatiques futurs (A1B, A2 et B1), l'elargissement prevu de l'habitat d'A. tsugense sur une periode de cent ans varie d'un minimum de 374 % a un maximum de 757 %, les differences entre les me- thodes de modelisation contribuant davantage a l'incertitude que les differences entre les scenarios climatiques. (Traduit par la Redaction)
Sources of phenotypic variation in floral traits in wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum (Brassicaceae).

Pollinator-mediated natural selection has been shown to act on phenotypic variation in floral morphology, and this variation has often been demonstrated to be heritable, but few details are available concerning the sources of floral variation. We examined phenotypic variation in seven floral traits in wild radish ( Raphanus raphanistrum ) at six levels: between two populations grown in a common garden, among plants within populations, among flowers measured on different weeks, between flowers on two flowering stalks measured on the same day, between adjacent flowers on a flowering stalk, and within individual flowers. There were no significant differences between plants derived from the two source populations, which were ;800 km apart. Most of the variance was within individual plants; repeatabilities were all ,0.35. There were highly significant differences between flowers measured in different weeks and also highly significant plant by week interactions, indicating that the among-plant variation was not consistent over time. There was substantial variance among adjacent flowers on the same stalk, particularly in the gynoecium. This high within-plant variance is partly responsible for the low heritability of floral traits in the field and the weak selection on floral traits found in previous studies of wild radish.
Robust multi-site MR data processing: iterative optimization of bias correction, tissue classification, and registration

A robust multi-modal tool, for automated registration, bias correction, and tissue classification, has been implemented for large-scale heterogeneous multi-site longitudinal MR data analysis. This work focused on improving the an iterative optimization framework between bias-correction, registration, and tissue classification inspired from previous work. The primary contributions are robustness improvements from incorporation of following four elements: 1) utilize multi-modal and repeated scans, 2) incorporate high-deformable registration, 3) use extended set of tissue definitions, and 4) use of multi-modal aware intensity-context priors. The benefits of these enhancements were investigated by a series of experiments with both simulated brain data set (BrainWeb) and by applying to highly-heterogeneous data from a 32 site imaging study with quality assessments through the expert visual inspection. The implementation of this tool is tailored for, but not limited to, large-scale data processing with great data variation with a flexible interface. In this paper, we describe enhancements to a joint registration, bias correction, and the tissue classification, that improve the generalizability and robustness for processing multi-modal longitudinal MR scans collected at multi-sites. The tool was evaluated by using both simulated and simulated and human subject MRI images. With these enhancements, the results showed dramatic improvement in accuracy and robustness for large-scale heterogeneous MRI processing.
Installed performance analysis of radar antenna systems

If modern airborne radar systems are to function properly, the radar antenna radiation patterns must meet certain specifications. Previously, most radar antennas were designed and tested in a clean antenna environment, i.e., there are no near field scattering from host structures, or radome effects. However, these higher order effects are a matter of increasing concern with added performance demands in the ever increasing jammer and clutter interference environments. We investigated the capabilities and limitations of currently available analysis techniques and computer codes for installed performance of airborne radar antenna systems. Then we developed a novel cascaded technique which could predict total installed performance of airborne radar antenna systems, i.e., the near field scattering from aircraft structures and radome effects. The cascaded technique utilized a ray-tracing method in both airframe and radome simulation. Thus, the cascaded technique can efficiently predict the total installed performance of large radar antenna systems on an aircraft structure.
Effect of the Murine Leukemia Virus Extended Packaging Signal on the Rates and Locations of Retroviral Recombination

Reverse transcriptase (RT) switches templates frequently during DNA synthesis; the acceptor template can be the same RNA (intramolecular) or the copackaged RNA (intermolecular). Previous results indicated that intramolecular template switching occurred far more frequently than intermolecular template switching. We hypothesized that intermolecular template-switching events (recombination) occurred at a lower efficiency because the copackaged RNA was not accessible to the RT. To test our hypothesis, the murine leukemia virus (MLV) extended packaging signal (Psi(+)) containing a dimer linkage structure (DLS) was relocated from the 5' untranslated region (UTR) to between selectable markers, allowing the two viral RNAs to interact closely in this region. It was found that the overall maximum recombination rates of vectors with Psi(+) in the 5' UTR or Psi(+) between selectable markers were not drastically different. However, vectors with Psi(+) located between selectable markers reached a plateau of recombination rate at a shorter distance. This suggested a limited enhancement of recombination by Psi(+). The locations of the recombination events were also examined by using restriction enzyme markers. Recombination occurred in all four regions between the selectable markers; the region containing 5' Psi(+) including DLS did not undergo more recombination than expected from the size of the region. These experiments indicated that although the accessibility of the copackaged RNA was important in recombination, other factors existed to limit the number of viruses that were capable of undergoing intermolecular template switching. In addition, recombinants with multiple template switches were observed at a frequency much higher than expected, indicating the presence of high negative interference in the MLV-based system. This extends our observation with the spleen necrosis virus system and suggests that high negative interference may be a common phenomenon in retroviral recombination.
Systematic desensitization of snake-avoidance under three conditions of suggestion

Abstract Three groups of nine Ss each received five 30 min sessions of tape-recorded desensitization after having been exposed to different instructions about the anticipated outcome of the experiment. Pre-treatment and post-treatment behavioral tests suggested that experimental desensitization was successful for all groups, while differential pre-treatment instructions had no impact. An important implication of the study is that it throws doubt on the popular belief that a therapist's enthusiasm for his technique is a powerful influence for change.
Origin of darkening in 8 wt% yttria-zirconia plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings

This paper reports on the origins of darkening of 8 wt% Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}-ZrO{sub 2} air plasma-sprayed (APS) and low-pressure plasma-sprayed (LPPS) thermal barrier coatings (TBC) studied using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The change of valence states of zirconium, due to the reduction of ZrO{sub 2} to Zr{sub 2}O{sub 3}, was responsible for darkening of TBC. Quantification of Zr{sup 3+} oxide was related both to the black color of TBC and to the spraying technologies and parameters. Furthermore, impurity (Fe, Al, Si, and Na) segregation and exsolution phenomena were monitored as a function of the air thermal treatment (up to 1473 K) and it was demonstrated not to be the origin of darkening.
GPU-accelerated machine learning techniques enable QSAR modeling of large HTS data

Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) modeling using high-throughput screening (HTS) data is a powerful technique which enables the construction of predictive models. These models are utilized for the in silico screening of libraries of molecules for which experimental screening methods are both cost- and time-expensive. Machine learning techniques excel in QSAR modeling where the relationship between structure and activity is often complex and non-linear. As these HTS data sets continue to increase in number of compounds screened, extensive feature selection and cross validation becomes computationally expensive. Leveraging massively parallel architectures such as graphics processing units (GPUs) to accelerate the training algorithms for these machine learning techniques is a cost-efficient manner in which to combat this problem. In this work, several machine learning techniques are ported in OpenCL for GPU-acceleration to enable construction of QSAR ensemble models using HTS data. We report computational performance numbers using several HTS data sets freely available from PubChem database. We also report results of a case study using HTS data for a target of pharmacological and pharmaceutical relevance, cytochrome P450 3A4, for which an enrichment of 94% of the theoretical maximum is achieved.
Age-related differences for motion sickness in the rat.

Abstract The relationship between motion sickness and age was examined in three groups of male rats in order to determine whether or not age related differences in susceptibility are due to experiential factors or unspecified changes in the central nervous system. The results revealed no difference in susceptibility between 2-month old and 11-month old groups. However, the 20-month old group was significantly less susceptible to motion sickness than either of the other groups. These findings indicate that general age related changes in the central nervous system are more likely to account for the relationship between motion sickness and age than are experiential factors.
Regulatory Rewiring in a Cross Causes Extensive Genetic Heterogeneity

Genetic heterogeneity occurs when individuals express similar phenotypes as a result of different underlying mechanisms. Although such heterogeneity is known to be a potential source of unexplained heritability in genetic mapping studies, its prevalence and molecular basis are not fully understood. Here we show that substantial genetic heterogeneity underlies a model phenotype--the ability to grow invasively--in a cross of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. The heterogeneous basis of this trait across genotypes and environments makes it difficult to detect causal loci with standard genetic mapping techniques. However, using selective genotyping in the original cross, as well as in targeted backcrosses, we detected four loci that contribute to differences in the ability to grow invasively. Identification of causal genes at these loci suggests that they act by changing the underlying regulatory architecture of invasion. We verified this point by deleting many of the known transcriptional activators of invasion, as well as the gene encoding the cell surface protein Flo11 from five relevant segregants and showing that these individuals differ in the genes they require for invasion. Our work illustrates the extensive genetic heterogeneity that can underlie a trait and suggests that regulatory rewiring is a basic mechanism that gives rise to this heterogeneity.
Antenna arrangement investigation for through-the-earth (TTE) communications in coal mines

The MINER Act of 2006 requires the installation of post-accident, two-way, communications and electronic tracking systems for all coal mines. A through-the-earth (TTE) wireless communication system sends its signal directly through the overburden of a mine but can have limitation relative to performance, reliability, and transmission range. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted experiments at a coal mine for different TX/RX antenna arrangements using a NOISH TTE prototype system. This system uses multi-turn, relative small TX loop antenna instead of single turn, relative large TX loop antenna. The objectives of the test are to evaluate the performance of the system, to evaluate the path loss and optimize working frequency for the mine, to characterize surface and underground electromagnetic noise, and to investigate the feasibility of horizontal TTE communication and its advantage over vertical TTE communications. In this paper, the performance of a magnetic loop TTE communication system was evaluated for various antenna arrangements. A fairly large communication range was achieved for horizontal TTE transmission. While vertical TTE communication between underground and the surface may be restricted by factors like deployment challenges of the surface TX antenna and short transmission ranges, horizontal TTE communication within the tunnel can reach relative large distances and can thus establish a more reliable communication. Moreover, the combination of vertical and horizontal TTE communication may provide a way to considerably increase communication range.
Leveraging Nanocavity Harmonics for Control of Optical Processes in 2D Semiconductors

Optical cavities with multiple tunable resonances have the potential to provide unique electromagnetic environments at two or more distinct wavelengthscritical for control of optical processes such as nonlinear generation, entangled photon generation, or photoluminescence (PL) enhancement. Here, we show a plasmonic nanocavity based on a nanopatch antenna design that has two tunable resonant modes in the visible spectrum separated by 350 nm and with line widths of ∼60 nm. The importance of utilizing two resonances simultaneously is demonstrated by integrating monolayer MoS2 ,a two-dimensional semiconductor, into the colloidally synthesized nanocavities. We observe a 2000-fold enhancement in the PL intensity of MoS2which has intrinsically low absorption and small quantum yieldat room temperature, enabled by the combination of tailored absorption enhancement at the first harmonic and PL quantum-yield enhancement at the fundamental resonance.
Remarks on the Lewis & Clark Law School Business Law Forum: Behavioral Analysis of Corporate Law: Instruction or Distraction?

The essay begins with a brief history of various economics discoveries which were thought to destroy the credibility of the standard neoclassical paradigm. In each case the author shows how the standard paradigm parried the attack and co-opted the parts of the new criticisms that were worthwhile or how new theories developed to respond to demonstrated gaps in the older view. So it is with Behavioral Finance, which has certainly demonstrated weaknesses in the present corpus of economic theory but has not substituted anything that will work nearly as well. This absence of a general theory is sufficient to place Behavioral Finance along with the other revolutions that failed, even though the behavioralists scored significantly against the efficient market crowd. But neither Behavioralism nor the Efficient Market theory provides us with any understanding of how new information gets impacted into prices, even though we know the mechanisms by which this process occurs. The development of such a theory might be related to the development of the theoretical framework on so-called prediction markets.
Symptom Interval and Patient Delay Affect Survival Outcomes in Adolescent Cancer Patients.

PURPOSE Unique features of adolescent cancer patients include cancer types, developmental stages, and psychosocial issues. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between diagnostic delay and survival to improve adolescent cancer care. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 592 patients aged 0-18 years with eight common cancers were grouped according to age (adolescents, ≥10 years; children, <10 years). We retrospectively reviewed their symptom intervals (SIs, between first symptom/sign of disease and diagnosis), patient delay (PD, between first symptom/sign of disease and first contact with a physician), patient delay proportion (PDP), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Mean SI was significantly longer in adolescents than in children (66.4 days vs. 28.4 days; p<0.001), and OS rates were higher in patients with longer SIs (p=0.001). In children with long SIs, OS did not differ according to PDP (p=0.753). In adolescents with long SIs, OS was worse when PDP was ≥0.6 (67.2%) than <0.6 (95.5%, p=0.007). In a multivariate analysis, adolescents in the long SI/PDP ≥0.6 group tended to have a higher hazard ratio (HR, 6.483; p=0.069) than those in the long SI/PDP <0.6 group (HR=1, reference). CONCLUSION Adolescents with a long SI/PDP ≥0.6 had lower survival rates than those with a short SI/all PDP or a long SI/PDP <0.6. They should be encouraged to seek prompt medical assistance by a physician or oncologist to lessen PDs.
Abstract 18840: Left Ventricular Enlargement Detected by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predicts Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence Following Pulmonary Vein Isolation

Introduction: Recurrence rates of atrial fibrillation (AF) following catheter ablation remain substantial. Studies on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) assessment of predictors of AF recurr...
New or Noteworthy Tremellales from Bolivia

Early in 1958 I received for identification a number of tremellaceous fungi that had been collected by Dr. Rolf Singer in Bolivia. Later, in November and December of the same year I visited Bolivia in order to gather further information on the Tremellales. This paper summarizes the results of the investigation. When Patouillard described Platygloea javanica in 1898 only five other species were known. Recently, Bandoni (1) included 23 species in the genus, of which P. javanica was still the only foliose member, the others being resupinate and mostly inconspicuous. Apart from other fundamental differences among the species which make a reconsideration of their status desirable, the finding of a second foliose species emphasizes the need for a revision of the genus. The new fungus to be described is easily placed near P. javanica yet differs from it significantly in external and internal characteristics. Through the kindness of Dr. I. M. Lamb I have been able to examine the type of P. javanica, in its present condition, a blackish, lobed fragment about 6 x 4 mm. It conforms for the most part with Patouillard's description but I found the basidia somewhat larger than he indicated and frequently 3-5 septate. The hyphae bore numerous clamp connections. No spores were found. It is clear from a study of P. javanica and the new species that they should no longer be maintained within an already heterogeneous group. It is therefore proposed that a new genus be established to accommodate these and other foliose members that might be found in the future.
Effect of Tableware Disinfection in Catering Trade in Xuanwei City from 2008 to 2010

[Objective]To learn the effect of tableware disinfection in different types of catering enterprises in Xuanwei city,provide the basis for making effective management measures.[Methods]972 samples of disinfected tableware were selected from 118 catering enterprise in urban area with random sampling method,data input and analysis was conducted with SPSS 11.5 software.[Results]The qualified rate of disinfected tableware was 79.22%,and the tableware qualified rate of large and medium sized catering enterprises(85.28%) was higher than that of small sized catering enterprises(66.45%) significantly(P0.01).There was significant difference among three disinfection methods of chlorine-containing disinfectant,electronic sterilize,boiling and steam(P0.01),the qualified rate of boiling and steam disinfection was the highest(90.06%),followed by chlorine-containing disinfectant(80.12%) and the electronic sterilize(71.29%).[Conclusion]The health supervision and monitoring in catering trade should be improved in the further,especially in small sized catering enterprises.
Replacement and Pedigree Analysis of Major Rice Varieties in Shandong Province

For more than 50 years,rice varieties in Shandong province have been replaced four major times and every replacement had played a great role in promoting rice production.Guihuahuang,Japan varieties and local varieties played a key role on improving rice varieties in Shandong province.It is necessary to introduce new domestic and foreign rice germplasm resources for rice breeding,and breeder should focus on new technologies and methods to improve rice varieties.
Effects of Programmed Errors of Omission and Commission During Auditory-Visual Conditional Discrimination Training With Typically Developing Children

This series of translational studies investigated the effects of programmed treatment-integrity errors on skill acquisition for typically developing children during trial-and-error instruction for auditory-visual conditional discriminations. In Experiment 1, we examined the effects of errors of omission and commission with reinforcement delivery during 17% to 18% of trials compared to high-integrity instruction and a control condition. Programmed treatment-integrity errors impacted the efficiency of instruction. In Experiment 2, we increased the percentage of trials with errors of omission and commission to 20% to 30%. Higher percentages of errors of omission and commission impacted the efficiency of instruction for one participant and the efficacy of instruction for the other participant.
Airline spill analysis usnig Gumbel and Moyal probability distributions

The analysis of the passenger spill data is an integral part for the determination of optimal aircraft capacities in the airline fleet assignment process. Most research in this study has assumed that the nominal demand is normally distributed. But empirical evidences show that normal probability distribution is not suitable in many cases because of asymmetry nature of the data. In the present study, we derive the essential formulae for calculating the expected number of spilled passengers when the nominal demand is assumed to follow a Gumbel and a Moyal probability distributions. A comparison of the corresponding results with a normal, a logistic, a log-normal, and a gamma probability distributions is also presented.
Spectral Least-Squares-Method Algorithm for Measuring Geophysical Signal Parameters

An additive least-squares-method algorithm was developed for spectrally estimating unknown parameters of a geophysical signal on a background of steady-state noise having an unknown spectral density. The algorithm was tested using data of regime observations of lithospheric deformations in the Elbrus region obtained using a deformation measuring Baksan laser interferometer (deformograph). The algorithm was used to estimate the parameters of the natural oscillation modes of the Earth excited by strong earthquakes.
Reworking the Gaps between Design and Ethnography

Since Dourish's critique of 'implications for design' [15], researchers have asked how design and ethnography should or could relate in HCI. Here we reflect on two experiences with cross-informing ongoing ethnographic investigation with the early stages of research through design. One uses speculative design to reflect on and inform ethnographic fieldwork on busyness in middle-class familes; the other uses speculative design to complement late-stage analysis of a historical ethnography of rural technological infrastructure. Rather than trying to do away with the gap between ethnography and design by seamlessly integrating the two processes, we reworked the relationship between ethnography and design by closing the gap in the temporal workflows while simultaneously maintaining a distinction in the performance of the two roles. We found that this new gap resulted in a series of misunderstandings; but by putting the two roles in active dialogue, we were able leverage misunderstandings into mutual benefit.
Neonatal Urinary Ascites in a Girl with a Solitary Obstructed Kidney

Abstract Neonatal ascites requires prompt recognition if the high mortality and morbidity rates are to be reduced. We describe an unusual cause of urinary ascites to indicate the necessity for an orderly approach to children with ascites. Helpful diagnostic clues, potential complications and the necessary studies to evaluate the child with neonatal ascites and a solitary kidney also are discussed.
P1 Kinematic difference during anticipated and unanticipated cut following drop landings in individuals with chronic ankle instability and healthy controls

Study Design Case-control study in a Research Lab. Objectives 1) Investigate the kinematic difference during an anticipated and unanticipated jump landing tasks following a drop landing in individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability and Healthy Controls. Background Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a common condition following acute lateral sprains and has been associated with kinematic and kinetic differences during jumping and landing tasks. Previous research has shown differences in frontal and sagittal plane kinematics and kinetics during planned and controlled movement tasks. Injury, however, is more likely to occur during unplanned tasks. An unanticipated landing task may more accurately reflect the movement strategies taken during sport and athletic participation. Methods and Measures Ten subjects have completed the study(CAI n=3, IdFAI: 22±5, FAAM-ADL: 77±11, FAAM-Sport: 76±4, Control n=3, IdFAI: 3±1, FAAM-ADL: 98±1, FAAM-Sport: 99±2). A 10 camera motion capture system (Vicon Motion Systems, Lake Forest, CA, USA) was used to capture 5 anticipated and 5 unanticipated bilateral drop landing tasks in 3 directions, right, up and left. The drop landing task was completed off of a 30 cm box placed half of the subject’s height from the forceplate. For all unanticipated trials, an arrow indicated the direction was randomly displayed on a screen 0.1 s after leaving the box. Data was analysed 250 ms prior and post ground contact. Comparisons were made between CAI and Controls in the three jump directions in both anticipated and unanticipated trials. Anticipated was also compared to unanticipated in both groups and both jump directions. Results No differences were found between any of the current comparisons. With just 6 subjects more data needs to be collected to reach power. Conclusions While, currently no statistical differences have been found. Assessing movement during unanticipated tasks reflects more sports specific and realistic tasks that lead to ankle joint injury.
Abstract 15665: Fall Risk and Outcomes in Cardiovascular Disease - A Community Study

Background: As the population with cardiovascular disease (CVD) ages, fall risk is an increasing clinical concern. Whether fall risk is associated with outcomes is not well determined. Methods: Olm...
Exosomes and Microvesicles

Exosomes and microvesicles (EMVs) are secreted organelles that have the same topology as the cell and a diameter of ~50–250 nm. EMVs contain a wide variety of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and RNAs. Although exosomes are assumed to arise via multivesicular body (MVB)-like structures, many cells target exosomal proteins and lipids to discrete domains of the plasma membrane that serve as sites of exosome budding. Furthermore, it is now known that (1) the budding of EMV proteins requires their targeting to the plasma membrane, (2) targeting EMV proteins to endosome membranes does induce their budding, and (3) inhibiting MVB biogenesis does not inhibit exosome release. Based on these and other observations, it appears that the plasma membrane is a major site of exosome biogenesis, perhaps even more than endosomes. Cells manufacture EMVs to facilitate protein quality control at the plasma membrane, and to assist in the development of cell polarity. In addition, free EMVs can transmit signals to neighboring cells, and in some instances they complete a pathway of intercellular vesicle traffic, delivering proteins and RNAs from cell to cell. EMVs have been implicated in several physiological processes, particularly during immune signaling, and in multiple diseases, particularly HIV/AIDS and cancer.
A polynomial-time algorithm to check closedness of simple second order mixed-integer sets

Let $\textbf{L}^{m}$ be the Lorentz cone in ℝm. Given $A \in {\mathbb{Q}}^{m \times n_1}$, $B \in {\mathbb{Q}}^{m \times n_2}$ and b∈ℚm, a simple second order conic mixed-integer set (SOCMIS) is a set of the form $\{(x,y)\in {\mathbb{Z}}^{n_1} \times {\mathbb{R}}^{n_2}\,|\,\ Ax +By -b \in \textbf{L}^{m}\}$. We show that there exists a polynomial-time algorithm to check the closedness of the convex hull of simple SOCMISs. Moreover, in the special case of pure integer problems, we present sufficient conditions, that can be checked in polynomial-time, to verify the closedness of intersection of simple SOCMISs.
Do All Graphs Have Points with Integral Coordinates

Most students would say the answer is yes, but let's take a closer look. Let's study the line whose equation is 3x + 6y = 5. Suppose that it crosses a lat tice point (r, s)?a point with integer coordinates. This implies that 3r + ?s = 5 or that 3(r + 2s) = 5. But this is impossible as it implies that 5 is divisible by 3 since (r + 2s) is an integer. Thus we have an ex ample of a line that never crosses a lattice point. We know that some lines contain lattice points and others do not. Let's see if there is a way of identifying these two types of lines. From the example it appears that for graphs of equations such as (1) ax + by = c,
High-Power Terahertz Generation from Telecommunication-Compatible, Bias-Free Photoconductive Nano-Antennas

We present a telecommunication-compatible, bias-free photoconductive terahertz source with arrays of plasmonic nano-antennas. We demonstrate pulsed terahertz radiation with powers up to 72 $\mu\mathrm{W}$ ., enabling time-domain terahertz spectroscopy over a 3 THz bandwidth with a 100 dB dynamic range.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Leg Motor Area – is it partly somatosensory?

Non-invasive brain stimulation such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) involves passing low currents through the brain and is a promising tool for the modulation of cortical excitability. We computationally investigated the effects of the size of the anode in the conventional montage (contralateral supraorbital cathode) using finite element analysis (FEA) for the targeted leg area of the motor cortex where tDCS is challenging due to the depth and orientation of the leg motor area in the inter-hemispheric fissure. We used FEA to develop two anode sizes (same cathode size) with the same current density but different electric field magnitude at the targeted leg area of the motor cortex. Then, we evaluated the effects of the two anode sizes via neurophysiological testing on twelve healthy subjects, seven males and five females (age: 21-36 years, all right-leg dominant). Here, conventional anodal tDCS electrode montage for the leg area of the motor cortex used a large-anode (5cmx7cm, current strength 2mA) which was compared based on transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced motor evoked potentials (MEP) with a small-anode (3.5cmx1cm at 0.2mA) montage of the same current density at the skin-electrode interface and identical contralateral supraorbital cathode placement. Small-anode decreased the electric field magnitude by almost one-tenth but still got a similar statistically significant $(\mathrm {P}<0.05)$ increase in the cortical excitability (MEP) at the targeted leg motor area when compared to sham tDCS. Since the electric field magnitude was similar at the scalp (skin-electrode interface) level but differed significantly at the leg motor area in the inter-hemispheric fissure, so a possible contribution of scalp sensory nerve responses to electrocutaneous stimulation is proposed.
The Stings of Love: Erotomania and Nymphomania in John Keats’s Isabella, or the Pot of Basil and Charlotte Dacre’s The Passions

This chapter argues that Keats and Dacre engage with medical notions of nymphomania and erotomania to explore how gender affects diagnosis. The chapter begins by defining nymphomania, mostly through M. D. T. Bienville’s 1775 treatise, which identifies the condition as beginning in the uterus and caused by excessive sexual desire or masturbation, especially during menarche or menopause. Dacre subverts this description by classifying Darlowitz, a male character, with De Bienville’s nymphomaniacal symptoms. While both women and men experience nymphomania, it is the man in Dacre’s text who ultimately loses agency. Keats’s text deals with erotomania, and I argue that Keats’s medical and apothecary training influence his depiction of Isabella and the pot of basil, linked, by Dioscorides, to “scorpions in the brain.”
Feedback Provided Within Structured Reading Programs: A Systematic Review

Feedback can have a positive effect on student performance in the classroom, however not all feedback is equal, and some types of feedback can actually worsen performance. Little is known about whe...
A Gaussian-based model for early detection of mild cognitive impairment using multimodal neuroimaging

Abstract Background Diagnosis of early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) as a prodromal stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with its delineation from the cognitively normal (CN) group remains a challenging but essential step for the planning of early treatment. Although several studies have focused on the MCI diagnosis, this study introduces the early stage of MCI to assess more thoroughly the earliest signs of disease manifestation and progression. New method We used random forest feature selection model with a Gaussian-based algorithm to perform method evaluation. This integrated method serves to define multivariate normal distributions in order to classify different stages of AD, with the focus placed on detecting EMCI subjects in the most challenging classification of CN vs. EMCI. Results Using 896 participants classified into the four categories of CN, EMCI, late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI) and AD, the results show that the EMCI group can be delineated from the CN group with a relatively high accuracy of 78.8% and sensitivity of 81.3%. Comparison with existing method(s) The feature selection model and classifier are compared with some other prominent algorithms. Although higher accuracy has been achieved using the Gaussian process (GP) model (78.8%) over the SVM classifier (75.6%) for CN vs. EMCI classification, with 0.05 being the cutoff for significance, and based on student’s t-test, it was determined that the differences for accuracy, sensitivity, specificity between the GP method and support vector machine (SVM) are not statistically significant. Conclusion Addressing the challenging classification of CN vs. EMCI provides useful information to help clinicians and researchers determine essential measures that can help in the early detection of AD.
Temporal JSON

Web services are the primary suppliers of data on the web, such data is typically formatted using JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) and only the current JSON snapshot is available from a service. But data evolves over time as it is added to, modified, or reduced. Providing an historical view of data is important in many applications. This paper describes how to capture the evolving history of a JSON document and how to support temporal queries. Our approach is to model temporal JSON as a virtual document in which time metadata is mixed with JSON data. The time metadata records when the JSON data is alive. We also describe how to navigate to data within the virtual document. The primary technical contribution of the paper is to show how to represent the virtual model in JSON and how to map temporal path expressions to the representational model. Experiments show that our model is efficient.
Hypothalamic Development: Role of GABA

A number of cellular developmental processes occur in an orchestrated fashion to mediate the transition from a simple neural tube to the complexity of the adult brain. A combination of internal programming and external cues provides the molecular specificity needed to direct cells to the correct location, initiate correct gene expression, and connect to the appropriate circuits. The heterogeneous cells of the hypothalamus affect all aspects of physiology through the regulation of the autonomic nervous system, motivated behavior, and endocrine balance. Small disruptions (genetic or environmental) to hypothalamic development can impact adult physiology and contribute to pathology. GABAergic signaling has drawn the attention of developmental neuroendocrinologists as a potential effector system of hypothalamic development. This chapter discusses the role of GABA in directing the development of the hypothalamus, specifically related to the migration of neurons that release gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and in the formation of the ventromedial (VMH) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei of the hypothalamus (Fig. 7.1).
Characterization of Mn-Doped in 1−x GaxAsyP1−y Grown By Lpee

Mn-doped In1−xGaxAsyP1−y epilayers lattice matched to InP substrate have been grown by the liquid phase electroepitaxial (LPEE) technique. The variation of growth velocity of the epilayers with current density and the doping characteristics of Mn in the epilayer has been studied. The temperature dependence of the hole concentration and the mobility has been analysed to determine the donor and acceptor densities, thermal activation energy of the level associated with Mn and the dominant scattering mechanisms that limit the hole mobility. The photoluminescence spectra of the doped epilayers are examined at 10K as a function of the excitation level.
Safety of Sildenafil Use in Patients with BT Shunt Dependent Congenital Heart Disease

Purpose The Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunt is a surgical procedure that establishes a permanent source of pulmonary or systemic blood flow in children with severely obstructed or hypoplastic vessels. Post-operatively, one of the major challenges for the practitioner is to maintain a balanced pulmonary to systemic blood flow ratio. For those patients with persistently low oxygen saturations or concern for pulmonary hypertension, some practitioners empirically trial selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors in an attempt to increase pulmonary blood flow. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the patient characteristics, indication, side …
Simplifying medical decision-making for clinical pharmacists.

Abstract Intense lobbying by the American Medical Association (AMA) and related professional organizations led to significant changes to requirements for documentation of outpatient clinical services. As of 2021, providers are now free to choose between either time or medical decision-making (MDM) when “leveling” such services. Despite this change, many providers and clinical pharmacists may not yet realize its full billing implications. This article discusses why these billing changes occurred, what those changes actually mean in clinical practice, and how the three factors used to determine MDM can be utilized by clinical pharmacists in daily practice. Finally, a brief introduction to other potential billing codes open to pharmacists and discussion of MDM documentation requirements is included.
Connection to Nature: The Experience of the Right of Public Access

Outdoor recreational access may provide an important opportunity to connect to nature. Short vignettes from living in Sweden explore the idea of access as a relatively unrestricted opportunity for outdoor experience. The article proposes a re-envisioning of access to nature across a range of urban and wild outdoor spaces in the US, drawing on inspiration from the right of public access in Sweden.
The NBA-NFL-MLB Eliminator

The NFL, MLB and the NBA, along with several other sports leagues, have now gone full woke. The helmets in the National Football League are now adorned with politically correct verbiage. The National Basketball Association arenas indicate that “Black Lives Matter.” The uniforms of players in Major League Baseball are decorated in a similar manner. The names of black people killed by police are to be seen everywhere a ball is thrown or caught.
Principal Perceptions of the Distance Learning Transition During the Pandemic

Drawing on data from the RAND American School Leader Panel 2020 COVID-19 Distance Learning Surveys, we analyze principal perceptions of school preparedness for distance learning with a specific foc...
Refining crystal structures using 13C NMR chemical shift tensors as a target function

A two-step process is described for refining crystal structures from any source. This approach employs an initial lattice-including DFT relaxation step followed by a Monte Carlo sampling procedure to create new candidate positions for each atom within a structure. The candidate having the best agreement between experimental and computed 13C NMR shift tensor principal values is selected for further refinement and the Monte Carlo process is repeated until convergence is achieved. This refinement can include all atoms within a structure or can be restricted to only poorly fit sites. This process is shown to improve 13C NMR agreement from 6.1 ppm for a set of benchmark structures obtained from high quality diffraction data and not subjected to any refinement to 1.8 ppm after the two-step refinement. Although changes to atom positions from this refinement process are quite small (usually a few picometers), prior work is summarized to demonstrate that these changes can, in fact, yield new structural insights involving changes in hydrogen bonding, detection of hydrogen tunneling and new insights into protein backbone dynamics. Several non-NMR metrics, examined before and after refinement, indicate that this process does not introduce structural errors.