cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An N-Terminal Mutation of the Foxp3 Transcription Factor Alleviates Arthritis but Exacerbates Diabetes

Maintenance of lymphoid homeostasis in a number of immunological and inflammatory contexts is served by a variety of regulatory T (Treg) cell subtypes and depends on interaction of the transcription factor FoxP3 with specific transcriptional cofactors. We report that a commonly used insertional mutant of FoxP3 (GFP-Foxp3) modified its molecular interactions, blocking HIF-1α but increasing IRF4 interactions. The transcriptional profile of these Treg cells was subtly altered, with an overrepresentation of IRF4-dependent transcripts. In keeping with IRF4-dependent function of Treg cells to preferentially suppress T cell help to B cells and Th2 and Th17 cell-type differentiation, GFP-FoxP3 mice showed a divergent susceptibility to autoimmune disease: protection against antibody-mediated arthritis in the K/BxN model, but greater susceptibility to diabetes on the NOD background. Thus, specific subfunctions of Treg cells and the immune diseases they regulate can be influenced by FoxP3's molecular interactions, which result in divergent immunoregulation.
Extracellular adenosine signaling induces CX3CL1 expression in the brain to promote experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Multiple sclerosis and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are debilitating neuroinflammatory diseases mediated by lymphocyte entry into the central nervous system (CNS). While it is not known what triggers lymphocyte entry into the CNS during neuroinflammation, blockade of lymphocyte migration has been shown to be effective in controlling neuroinflammatory diseases. Since we have previously shown that extracellular adenosine is a key mediator of lymphocyte migration into the CNS during EAE progression, we wanted to determine which factors are regulated by adenosine to modulate EAE development. We performed a genetic analysis of wild type and CD73−/− (that are unable to produce extracellular adenosine and are protected from EAE development) to identify factors that are both important for EAE development and controlled by extracellular adenosine signaling. We show that extracellular adenosine triggered lymphocyte migration into the CNS by inducing the expression of the specialized chemokine/adhesion molecule CX3CL1 at the choroid plexus. In wild type mice, CX3CL1 is upregulated in the brain on Day 10 post EAE induction, which corresponds with initial CNS lymphocyte infiltration and the acute stage of EAE. Conversely, mice that cannot synthesize extracellular adenosine (CD73−/− mice) do not upregulate CX3CL1 in the brain following EAE induction and are protected from EAE development and its associated lymphocyte infiltration. Additionally, blockade of the A2A adenosine receptor following EAE induction prevents disease development and the induction of brain CX3CL1 expression. The CX3CL1 induced during EAE is found on the choroid plexus, which is the barrier between the blood and cerebral spinal fluid in the brain and is a prime entry point into the CNS for immune cells. Furthermore, CX3CL1 expression can be induced in the brains of mice and in choroid plexus cell line following A2A adenosine receptor agonist administration. Most importantly, we show that CX3CL1 blockade protects against EAE development and inhibits lymphocyte entry into the CNS. We conclude that extracellular adenosine is an endogenous modulator of neuroinflammation during EAE that induces CX3CL1 at the choroid plexus to trigger lymphocyte entry into the brain.
Policy Cycles and Policy Learning in The People's Republic of China

A concept of policy cycles has gained dominance in the literature on the People's Public of China. This article examines the model, its usage, and its underlying assumpment and limitations, and contrasts it with a suggested alternative, a social learning model. A rgue that for the People's Republic, neither model is adequate to explain the development of policy, and suggest a synthesis of the two models, using Hirschman's 3) model of “problem-solving styles.”
Using lime pretreatment to facilitate the enzymic hydrolysis of corn stover

Abstract Corn stover is an abundant, potential fermentation substrate. The most efficient means to produce fermentable sugars from corn stover is by enzymic hydrolysis, which is facilitated by thermochemical pretreatment of the corn stover. Pretreatment with slake lime (calcium hydroxide) increased the enzymic hydrolysis of corn stover nine times compared to untreated corn stover. The recommended pretreatment conditions are: lime loading 0.075 g Ca(OH)2 (g dry biomass)−1; water loading 5 g H2O (g dry biomass)−1; and heating for 4 h at 120°C. The recommended enzyme loading for the enzymic saccharification of pretreated corn stover is 10 FPU (g dry biomass)−1 and the recommended hydrolysis temperature is 40°C. The enzymic conversion of the corn stover to monosaccharides, when pretreated and saccharified as prescribed for 72 h, was about 60% cellulose, 47% xylan, and 53% total available polysaccharide. Increasing the enzyme loading to 25 FPU (g dry biomass)−1 and the hydrolysis time to 7 days produced conversions of 88.0, 87.7, and 92.1% for the glucan, xylan and arabinan, respectively. These high conversions indicate that pretreatment with lime can lead to corn stover polysaccharide conversions approaching 100%; the success of the saccharification after lime pretreatment depends on the enzyme loading.
Crohn's disease: "its gynecologic aspect"

An analysis of the medical records of 103 women with Crohn's disease points up the following observations. There is a slight increase in spontaneous abortions and a substantial degree of subfertility. The obstetric experience is the same as in the normal obstetric population and the effects of the disease on pregnancy and of pregnancy on the disease are minimal. Features seemingly unrelated to Crohn's disease and of a gynecologic nature may be present months before the onset of the main bowel inflammation. These features consist of abscesses, fistulas, ulcers, fissures, and infections involving not only the internal pelvic organs but also the vulvovagina, perineum, labia, rectovaginal septum, rectum, and anus. The onset of Crohn's disease may be acute and present the picture of an abdomen requiring surgical treatment. A tender, low abdominal, adnexal, or pelvic mass may incorrectly be diagnosed as acute appendicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, or ovarian cyst, and lead to surgery. In 23 instances the diagnosis of Crohn's disease was established only after laparotomy. A total of 27 appendectomies were performed and none of these patients had acute appendicitis. Four pelvic abscesses developed after the appendectomies. To avoid the pitfalls of misdiagnosis and mismanagement, the nature of Crohn's disease should be understood and the gynecologic aspects of the disease recognized.
Equality of Arms in Arbitration: Cost and Benefits

Depending on context and content, a regulatory framework can either help or hinder efforts to enhance aggregate social and economic welfare. Lively debate has arisen with respect to the net effects of two recent sets of directives for lawyer comportment in cross-border arbitration, the first being Guidelines adopted by the International Bar Association, the second contained in new arbitration rules promulgated by the London Court of International Arbitration. Each instrument aims to promote a more level playing field on matters where legal cultures differ, such as document production and counsel independence. Each has caused thoughtful commentators to question the need of such standards, some suggesting unintended consequences including increased opportunities to sabotage proceedings. For now, suspense surrounds the prospect that either set of provisions will find favor in the international community. Only time will tell.
100: Establishing a Stand-Alone Laboratory Dedicated for the Care of Patients With Ebola Virus Disease

In response to the major outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa in 2014, the United States has provided care for infected patients in West Africa and domestically. The laboratory is a critical component in the care of patients with EVD, which is highly contagious and imposes challenges for sample collection and processing. The objective of this study was to establish procedures for setting up a stand-alone laboratory dedicated to EVD care. In the fall …
Using Digital Crumbs from an Electronic Health Record to identify, study and improve health care teams.

We have developed a novel approach, the Digital Crumb Investigator, for using data collected as a byproduct of Electonic Health Record (EHR) use to help define care teams and care processes. We are developing tools and methods to utilize these routinely collected data to visualize and quantify care networks across acute care and ambulatory settings We have chosen a clinical care domain where clinicians use EHRs in their offices, on the maternity wards and in the neonatal intensive care units as a test paradigm for this technology. The tools and methods we deliver should readily translate to other health care settings that collect behind-the-scenes electronic metadata such as audit trails. We believe that by applying the methods of social networking to define clinical relationships around a patient’s care we will enable new areas of research into the usage of EHRs to promote patient safety and other improvements in care.
Arrays of infinite and discrete non-covalent interactions in the supramolecular adduct based upon trimeric perfluoro-ortho-phenylenemercury and 9-fluorenone

Abstract As a direct consequence of the accessibility to electrophilic Hg(II) atoms on its molecular surface coupled with its heightened electron-withdrawing properties, trimeric perfluoro-ortho-phenylenemercury, (o-C6F4Hg)3, has exhibited a propensity to form supramolecular adducts with a wide array of substrates. Numerous examples of carbonyl-containing substrates as well as a number of polycyclic aromatics have been reported in the literature. However, the incorporation of these two organic functionalities within the same substrate has yet to be investigated in terms of complexation to (o-C6F4Hg)3. In this contribution, we report the synthesis, structural, and spectroscopic properties of a novel supramolecular adduct involving (o-C6F4Hg)3 and 9-fluorenone [(o-C6F4Hg)3(9-fluorenone)2] 1 wherein the various non-covalent interactions observed are discussed. In particular, we address not only the interactions found between (o-C6F4Hg)3 and 9-fluorenone, but also the interactions observed between 9-fluorenone molecules that produce either infinite or discrete assemblies perpetuated by C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Lastly, we will also discuss observed phenyl–phenyl and phenyl–perfluorophenyl interactions which form an extended molecular complex.
Mobile Health (mHealth) Apps for Improved Health in Medicine

Mobile health (mHealth) apps are popular on all mobile device platforms (Android, iOS, and Windows) and form factors (smartphones, tablets, and even the latest wearable fitness gadgets such as FitBit, Nike+ FuelBand, Google Glass, and smartwatches). With nearly 100,000 available health and fitness-related apps, only a small percentage (15%) of the dedicated medical apps are linked to medical providers. Some predict the worldwide revenues of mHealth apps to reach $26 billion by 2017 (Research2Guidance, 2013), but currently there is little regulation on how these apps can be integrated to collect, store, and transfer data, provide tangible benefits to patient health, and lower healthcare costs (Kamel Boulos et al., 2014). With seven in ten U.S. adults tracking a health indicator for themselves or for a loved one (Fox & Duggan 2012), there is a need to have effective mHealth apps that can contribute to behavior change, motivation, self-management, and adherence to medical protocols. Using smartphone features like global positioning system (GPS), motion sensors (accelerometers, gyrometers, magnetometers), wireless communications (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Near Field Communications-NFC) and cameras, these apps are able to provide users more than just one’s location. They can be used to prompt users to: perform a certain task (reminder to take medication); provide feedback on recent physical activity patterns; engage with others online and perhaps even in the physical world; and even provide users with interactive features within a game such as leaderboards and social networking features (gamification). This presentation will review the latest commercial fitness and medical mHealth apps, games, and devices that use GPS, and related location-aware apps with social and gamification features. Specific attention will be given to apps and devices that have been used in clinical research or pilot projects. This review categorizes past findings for specific medical conditions and indicates existing gaps in the literature. Future recommendations for research and development of technical features are suggested based on findings and suggestions from other fields of study, including human-computer interaction (HCI), behavior change, and social networking theories. Using advanced features on smartphones (GPS, motion sensing, geosocial) coupled with an app that is able to assist mobile users to not only track location but also to interact socially with others, playing games based in real-life or alternate-reality (ARG), has the potential to give healthcare professionals better health managements tools to ensure compliance to protocols, rehabilitation, and behavior change. This presentation will focus on the current state of mHealth apps for health and medicine; outline the available mHealth apps that capitalize on persuasive and pervasive technologies, and provide alternate suggestions and features that may impact future healthcare programs and outcomes. []
Renal bone disease.

Purpose of review Renal osteodystrophy is a complex disorder of bone associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Disturbances in mineral metabolism, which include, phosphate retention, hypocalcemia, vitamin D deficiency, and hyperparathyroidism develop early in the progression of CKD. The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) has proposed a new classification system to understand the complex pathophysiology in mineral metabolism and bone disease. Understanding this pathophysiology has become especially important, as recent evidence has suggested that disordered mineral metabolism is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in patients with CKD. Recent findings This review discusses the effect of these disturbances on the skeleton and how they result in altered bone structure and turnover. The degree of hyperparathyroidism appears to affect bone turnover; however, bone biopsies appear to be the only definitive method to specifically diagnose the bone lesion. Summary This review will assist the clinician in the early identification of patients at risk of renal osteodystrophy. Therapeutic strategies could then be employed to prevent and correct these disturbances in mineral metabolism and, thus, avoid patient morbidity.
The Moderating Role of Physical Self-Perceptions in the Relationship Between Maturity Status and Physical Self-Worth

Purpose: We tested the moderating role of physical self-perceptions in the relationship between physical maturity and physical self-worth (PSW). Method: Students in Grades 5 through 8 (N = 241; 57% females; Mage = 12.30 years) completed a questionnaire assessing physical self-perceptions (i.e., perceived sport competence, conditioning, strength, and body attractiveness), PSW, and maturity status. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to test interactions between maturity and physical self-perceptions predicting PSW separately for boys and girls. Results: For girls, maturity level and physical self-perceptions explained significant variance, F(5, 131) = 73.44, p < .001, R2 = .74, with interactions explaining a little extra variance, ΔF = 3.42, p = .01, ΔR2 = .03. Perceived attractiveness interacted with maturity status to predict PSW (p = .01), indicating that maturity was positively related to PSW only for girls with higher body attractiveness. Maturity status and physical self-perceptions also signif...
Tutorial: The Ultimate Motion Imaging System

The imaging systems most popular today, 35mm fdm and television, deliver images with, at most, a few hundred Mbytes of information per second. How close are such systems in terms of visual fidelity to an ultimate system: one that would reproduce moving imagery indistinguishable from reality? By considering the parameters of human vision, we can estimate the data rate for such an ultimate system to be approximately 750 Gbyteslsec. Extrapolation of current technologies suggests that we can build practical versions of such systems within three decades.
Influence of cortisone, medrol, and aristocort diacetate on antitryptic activity of rat serum.

SummaryThe influence of cortisone, Medrol (δ1-6α-methylcortisol), and Aristocort diacetate (16α-hydroxy-9α-fluorocortisol-16α, 21 diacetate) administration on serum antitryptic activity, at either 1 or 4 μg/g body weight, was studied in normal, hypophysectomized and adrenalectomized rats. The most consistent elevations of antitryptic activity were demonstrated with Aristocort diacetate administration. Medrol proved to be quite effective, while cortisone induced changes were apparent only at the higher dosage levels. The low serum antitryptic activity observed after hypophysectomy when compared with adrenalectomy would indicate that in addition to the pituitary-adrenal cortex axis other endocrine systems may be involved in the physiological control of the fibrinolytic system.
Steroid synthesis in abnormal ovaries: II. Granulosa cell tumor

Abstract 1. 1. A case of a granulosa cell tumor, found unexpectedly during laparotomy for confirmed acute appendicitis and associated with polypoid endometrial hyperplasia, is presented. 2. 2. In vitro incubation studies of this tumor utilizing precursor pregnenolone-7H3 and progesterone-7H3 reveal small quantities of radioactivity incorporation in estrone and estradiol. The bulk of this biosynthetic transformation appears to have proceeded via the intermediary production of dehydroepiandrosterone. 3. 3. Comparison of in vitro data from a variety of estrogen producing tissues suggests that whereas nonluteinized tissue forms estrogen via dehydroepiandrosterone without significant elaboration of intermediary progesterone, the reverse is true of the biosynthetic processes of the corpus luteum. 4. 4. The considerable inefficiency of this tumor's steroid production as opposed to similar processes in the normal follicle is noted.
Recent Advances in Bioinspired Olfaction /Gustation Sensors and their Applications

The biological chemical sensory system has the ability to discriminate and identify thousands of chemical compounds at very low concentrations with extremely higher sensitivity and specificity than current artificial sensing devices. Recently,many researchers are trying to develop novel chemical detecting systems called as bioinspired olfaction /gustation sensors which take advantages of optimized natural molecular recognition. Bioinspired olfaction /gustation sensors consist of a primary transducer and a secondary transducer.The primary transducer is the biological recognition element of molecules such as biological tissues,cells and proteins. The second ary transducers such as optical devices,electrochemistry devices and acoustic-wave devices are the biochips for the detection of binding of chemical compounds to the primary transducers. In this article,we introduced the mechanism of biological sense of smell and taste,and outlined the latest advances of bioinspired olfaction /gustation sensors. Current research trends and future challenges in this field will be discussed.
The Optical Biopsy: A Novel Technique for Rapid Intraoperative Diagnosis of Primary Pulmonary Adenocarcinomas

Background:With increasing use of chest computed tomography scans, indeterminate pulmonary nodules are frequently detected as an incidental finding and present a diagnostic challenge. Tissue biopsy followed by histological review and immunohistochemistry is the gold standard to obtain a diagnosis an
Lennard-Jones type pair-potential method for coarse-grained lipid bilayer membrane simulations in LAMMPS

Abstract Lipid bilayer membranes have been extensively studied by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Numerical efficiencies have been reported in the cases of aggressive coarse-graining, where several lipids are coarse-grained into a particle of size 4 ∼ 6 nm so that there is only one particle in the thickness direction. Yuan et al. proposed a pair-potential between these one-particle-thick coarse-grained lipid particles to capture the mechanical properties of a lipid bilayer membrane, such as gel–fluid–gas phase transitions of lipids, diffusion, and bending rigidity Yuan et al. (2010). In this work we implement such an interaction potential in LAMMPS to simulate large-scale lipid systems such as a giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) and red blood cells (RBCs). We also consider the effect of cytoskeleton on the lipid membrane dynamics as a model for RBC dynamics, and incorporate coarse-grained water molecules to account for hydrodynamic interactions. The interaction between the coarse-grained water molecules (explicit solvent molecules) is modeled as a Lennard-Jones (L-J) potential. To demonstrate that the proposed methods do capture the observed dynamics of vesicles and RBCs, we focus on two sets of LAMMPS simulations: 1. Vesicle shape transitions with enclosed volume; 2. RBC shape transitions with different enclosed volume. Finally utilizing the parallel computing capability in LAMMPS, we provide some timing results for parallel coarse-grained simulations to illustrate that it is possible to use LAMMPS to simulate large-scale realistic complex biological membranes for more than 1 ms. Program summary Program Title: fluidmembrane Program Files doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/4v53nkv5hc.1 Licensing provisions: GNU GPLv3 Programming language: C++. Nature of problem: A pair-potential function for simulating the shape transition of fluid vesicles and the resting shapes of red blood cells. Program Solution method: Nose-Hoover thermostat and Berendsen pressure coupling algorithms. External routines/libraries: LAMMPS Subprograms used: create_rbc_with_water (MATLAB), bond_harmonic1 (C++), in_example (LAMMPS input script).
Objective-trait-bias metaheuristics for design optimization of optical structures

Search algorithms play a crucial role in systematic design optimization of optical structures. Though many sophisticated methods appear in the literature, physically motivated guiding principles for the design and enhancement of such methods are few. We introduce such a guiding principle—an objective-trait-bias metaheuristic—and demonstrate its value in practice. Specifically, we present a case study in which application of an instance of this metaheuristic—a transmission-bias metaheuristic—leads to significantly better performing variants of a simple stochastic local search algorithm—restarted iterative best improvement—on a challenging design optimization problem—combinatorial design optimization of a multi-spatial-mode photonic crystal waveguide bend that preserves modal content.
Identity and Collective Memory: Theatre’s Role in Memorializing the War

Throughout history, the arts have helped shape society's understanding of self. The end of each of the World Wars created a cauldron for changing - or shaping -identities. As we are on the brink of losing the last of the World War I generation, we are faced again with a period of changing identities. We are moving from a period of living to archival history. How will we remember the past? Although Canada continues to be part of the Dominion and fought alongside England during both World Wars, these two countries experienced war very differently. For Canada, World War I was about proving itself as a new country and shaping national identity. For England, it was about demonstrating its power and performing its imperialist identity. These different voices-the colonial voice of Canada and the Imperialist voice of England - are clearly evident in the theatre written about how these two countries experienced World War I. This paper focuses on one play from Canada - Vern Thiessen's "Vimy" - in order to demonstrate how theatre can illustrate national identity and can serve as a collective memory for World War I.
Two-step membrane binding by the bacterial SRP receptor enable efficient and accurate Co-translational protein targeting

The signal recognition particle (SRP) delivers ~30% of the proteome to the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum, or the bacterial plasma membrane. The precise mechanism by which the bacterial SRP receptor, FtsY, interacts with and is regulated at the target membrane remain unclear. Here, quantitative analysis of FtsY-lipid interactions at single-molecule resolution revealed a two-step mechanism in which FtsY initially contacts membrane via a Dynamic mode, followed by an SRP-induced conformational transition to a Stable mode that activates FtsY for downstream steps. Importantly, mutational analyses revealed extensive auto-inhibitory mechanisms that prevent free FtsY from engaging membrane in the Stable mode; an engineered FtsY pre-organized into the Stable mode led to indiscriminate targeting in vitro and disrupted FtsY function in vivo. Our results show that the two-step lipid-binding mechanism uncouples the membrane association of FtsY from its conformational activation, thus optimizing the balance between the efficiency and fidelity of co-translational protein targeting.
Performance Analysis of Cooperative Multicell Precoding With Global CSI and Local Individual CSI in the Large Dimensional Regime

Channel state information (CSI) is critical for the performance of cooperative multicell transmission. In this paper, the performances of cooperative multicell precoding under global CSI and local individual CSI are analyzed and compared in the large dimensional regime. Using theoretical results from large random matrix theory, we derive large dimensional approximations of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio for both precoding cases. Such approximations depend only on the slow fading channel statistics instead of the fast fading channel realizations. It is easy to quantify the performance loss caused by local individual CSI in the large dimensional regime. Two different massive MIMO scenarios are considered. When the number of antennas and that of users go large at the same rate, there is a constant gap between the two CSI cases. When the number of antennas goes large, while the number of users is fixed, the performances of both CSI cases are the same. This means that the impact of limited local individual CSI vanishes. Numerical results validate the theoretical analysis and show that there is constant performance loss due to the price of limited CSI. Also, the performance of precoding with local individual CSI almost decreases linearly with the increased number of BSs for the first scenario.
ULTRASONIC TOMOGRAPHY IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS

In this work, a technique for tomographic image reconstruction in composite materials is described. The approach is based on the observation that, in composites, the nature of the anisotropy is known and the direction variation in material response can be modeled mathematically using micromechanics. With this information, it is possible to modify the tomographic image reconstruction algorithm to account for the intrinsic directional property variations within a sample. To illustrate this process, we treat a test case of a unidirectionally reinforced composite with local variations in the state of cure. Our reconstruction algorithm is based on a modified version of the algebraic reconstruction technique (ART). This is an iterative approach where one begins with a set of initial values and adjusts the value of each pixel in a sequential fashion until there is agreement with the measured wave propagation data. In order to adapt this approach to an anisotropic medium, we linearize the relation between the transit time for a given ray and the unknown moduli in each pixel using a Taylor series expansion. Results have been obtained with simulated and experimental data to explore the utility of the technique.
Actions speak louder than words

The stakes associated with professional image in agriculture are higher than ever as consumers are becoming more concerned about factors related to farming practices and the industry. How consumers view these, and react to that, may determine your success.
High-achieving, low-income students’ perspectives of how schools can promote the academic achievement of students living in poverty:

Children and adolescents from low-income families now comprise a majority of public school students nationally. As the number of students from low-income backgrounds increases, so does the achievem...
The Operative Management of Scoliosis

Spinal surgery has always been considered one of the most difficult and demanding forms of surgery. The first spine fusion was performed in 1911 by Hibbs at the old New York Orthopaedic Hospital. The patient had tuberculosis, and a posterior fusion operation was performed to immobilize the spine and control the disease process.
Supporting Cultural Heritage Preservation Through Game-Based Crowdsourcing

It has been decades since the research community has put efforts into combining human and machine intelligence. With the rapidly surging of mobile sensing, gamification techniques have contributed on making the crowd-sourcing computing techniques a promising paradigm for large-scale data sensing. In this paper, starting from a study of gamification and crowd-sourcing techniques, we present an alternative way of combining gamification techniques with crowd-sourcing in order to preserve cultural heritage sites. The proposed application is a scavenger hunt like game where the players have to complete a series of tasks in the form of riddles. Each task may include sending the location of the user, answering a question, uploading media files or annotating some image or audio files related to the pace of visit. Except from empirical input which comes from the experts, our approach collects external data, engaging the sightseeing visitors with sensing and computing devices collectively share data, related to site’s or monument’s physical structure condition. The collected data are clustered together by archaeological site location and used in machine learning to extract information about the physical condition of the cultural heritage site. Through the application’s results, the experts will take the appropriate decisions in order to estimate and predict if there is any need of intervention to maintain the archaeological site or monument in good condition.
THE EXTRACYTOPLASMIC ENZYMES OF YEAST

ABSTRACT Criteria were presented for the projected behavior of enzymes in each of the sub-locations regarded as extracytoplasmic, viz., plasma membrane, periplasmic space, cell wall, slime layer, and medium. Kinetic restraints on quantitation, and even detection, were reported. Properties of the acid phosphatase in Saccharomyces rouxii , which requires Fe 3+ were summarized. Previous reports by others claiming surface localization of acid phosphatase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were shown to be based on artifacts in the cytochemical method. In the case of plasma membrane enzymes the published concentrations may be low because protoplasts are generally studied under hypertonic conditions. Three working hypotheses for mechanisms of translocation of extracytoplasmic enzymes were briefly discussed. KEYWORDS Extracytoplasmic enzymes;, plasma membrane;, periplasmic space;, cell wall;, slime layer;, capsule;, secreted enzymes;, acid phosphatase;, β-fructofuranosidase;, cryptic enzyme;, translocation;, Gomori method.
A Social Division of Responsibility for Health

When is it fair that some people are less healthy than others due to their own individual choices and preferences? In this paper, I explore two alternative answers. The first is a luck-egalitarian account that holds people responsible for choices that society could have reasonably expected them to avoid. I argue that this account is indeterminate and go on to sketch an alternative proposal based on Rawls’s idea of a “social division of responsibility.” This latter approach connects the notion of responsibility for health to the social conditions under which health-related behaviour is developed.
Incep Dates and Pleasure Models: Death, Life, and Love in Blade Runner

This chapter examines the first Blade Runner movie, Ridley Scott’s adaptation of the original novella (1982). In Blade Runner, Replicants become undetectable, undifferentiated visually, from humans. The newer models can pass the Voight-Kampff test—a test which distinguishes true emotional responses from implanted ones. This perfect mimicry is our next iteration of how we desire sex robots to behave, and it is desired well in advance of the possibility of building such bots. It is in this iteration of the story where two theoretical questions appear—that of the racialization of the characters, which is far more apparent in a visual media, and the humanity of death—that how being able to die, and the fear of it, humanize the movie’s Replicants.
Association of Opioid Prescribing Patterns With Prescription Opioid Overdose in Adolescents and Young Adults.

Importance Safe opioid prescribing practices are critical to mitigate the risk of prescription opioid overdose in adolescents and young adults. However, studies that examine opioid prescribing patterns associated with prescription opioid overdose have mostly focused on older adults. The generalizability of these studies to adolescents and young adults is unclear. Objective To identify opioid prescribing patterns associated with prescription opioid overdose in adolescents and young adults. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study assessed privately insured patients aged 12 to 21 years with opioid prescription claims in the IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database between July 1, 2009, and October 1, 2017, and no cancer diagnosis. Data analysis was performed from January 1 to April 30, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures The outcome was a treated opioid overdose as indicated by diagnosis codes. On the basis of days supplied, opioid prescription claims were converted to person-days (the unit of analysis) on which opioid exposure would occur if patients took medications as prescribed. Logistic regression with clustered SEs at the patient level was used to model the occurrence of overdose on a person-day as a function of daily opioid dosage category ( Results A total of 2 752 612 patients (mean [SD] age at cohort entry, 17.2 [2.5] years; 1 451 918 [52.8%] female) participated in the study. Patients had 4 686 355 opioid prescription claims, corresponding to 21 605 444 person-days. Overdose occurred on 255 person-days among 249 patients (0.01% of the sample). Each increase in daily opioid dosage category was associated with higher overdose risk (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.18; 95% CI, 1.05-1.31). Compared with no use, both concurrent benzodiazepine use (AOR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.24-2.71) and extended-release or long-acting opioid use (AOR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.16-3.46) were associated with increased overdose risk. Conclusions and Relevance The findings suggest that when prescribing opioids to adolescents and young adults, practitioners could potentially mitigate overdose risk by using the lowest effective daily dosage, avoiding concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine prescribing, and relying on short-acting opioids. Findings are broadly consistent with prior opioid safety studies focused on older adults.
A Materials Screening Methodology for Scaled Non-Volatile Memory in the AI Era

We demonstrate a simulation workflow based on first-principles calculations to rapidly screen candidate materials for viability as ferromagnetic electrodes in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) for the next generation of high-performance magnetic random access memory (MRAM) technology. For a series of Fe-based alloys with a fixed crystal structure, we calculate formation energies, bulk spin polarization, and essential magnetic properties including magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) and tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR). This work demonstrates a materials optimization strategy that can guide on-wafer experiments
COVID-19: Reflections on trust, tradeoffs, and preparedness

The global coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has already had an enormous impact and will surely have profound consequences for many years to come. The authors reflect on three risk communicat...
The use of interval-compressed chemotherapy with the addition of vincristine, irinotecan, and temozolomide for pediatric patients with newly diagnosed desmoplastic small round cell tumor.

Background Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare aggressive sarcoma that affects children and young adults, and portends poor outcomes despite intensive multimodal treatment approaches. We report toxicity, response, and outcomes of patients with DSRCT treated with the addition of vincristine, irinotecan, and temozolomide (VIT) to interval-compressed chemotherapy as per Children's Oncology Group ARST08P1. Methods All newly diagnosed pediatric patients with DSRCT treated at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital between 2014 and 2019 as per ARST08P1, Arm P2 with replacement of VAC cycles with VIT, were identified. Medical records were reviewed for clinical and disease characteristics, and treatment response and outcomes. Results Six patients were treated as per the above regimen. Median age at diagnosis was 15.1 years (range 3.2-16.4) and five patients were male. Five patients had abdominal primary tumors, of which one had exclusively intraabdominal and four had extraabdominal metastases. Two initial cycles of VIT were well tolerated with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation as the most common adverse events. Overall response rate defined as partial or complete response after two initial cycles of VIT was 50%. For local control, all patients had surgical resection followed by radiotherapy, and two patients received hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy at the time of surgery. Of the four patients who have completed therapy to date, three remain disease-free with median follow-up time of 46.7 months. Conclusions The addition of VIT to interval-compressed chemotherapy is tolerable and active in DSRCT, with activity warranting additional investigation.
In the Shadow of Shular: Conduct Can Unify the Disjointed Categorical Approaches

The categorical approach, which is the method federal courts use to ‘categorize’ which state law criminal convictions can trigger an enhanced sentence under the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA), is one of the most confusing doctrines in criminal sentencing. For thousands of criminal offenders every year, the categorical approach determines whether a previous state law conviction—as defined by the legal elements of the crime—sufficiently matches the elements of the federal crime counterpart that justifies imposing the ACCA’s harsh fifteen-year mandatory minimum sentence. But this elements-based categorical approach has unwittingly undermined one of the most important principles in our determinative sentencing system; by basing federal punishment on state-law criminal definitions, similar defendants are often treated differently based on what state they may have committed past crimes. But the Supreme Court’s recent decision in Shular v. United States offers a different approach. In analyzing a slightly different section of the ACCA, the Court determined that a conduct-based categorical approach was appropriate. In these narrow sections of the ACCA, federal punishment would be based on analyzing the previous conduct of the defendant’s past crimes, as opposed to the state-law criminal elements. This Article argues that the Court’s approach in Shular can and should be expanded to all sections of the ACCA to fix the existing problems of state-to-state nonuniformity. By excising reliance on state law, and by accounting for the morally relevant sentencing factor of how a defendant may have committed past crimes (as opposed to where they committed them), a conduct-based categorical approach can remedy much of the existing confusion surrounding ACCA sentencing and achieve the uniformity that the Court always intended.
Learning Novel Objects Continually Through Curiosity

Children learn continually by asking questions about the concepts they are most curious about. With robots becoming an integral part of our society, they must also learn unknown concepts continually by asking humans questions. The paper analyzes a recent state-of-the-art approach for continual learning. The paper further develops a self-supervised technique to find most of the uncertain objects in an environment by utilizing the cluster representation of the previously learned classes. We test our approach on a benchmark dataset for continual learning on robots. Our results show that our curiosity-driven continual learning approach beats random sampling and softmax-based uncertainty sampling in terms of classification accuracy and the total number of classes learned.
Digital Nudging: Using Technology to Nudge for Good

Digital nudging leverages behavioral science and information technology to provide a new set of tools for designers to change behavior and create habits. Examples of digital nudges include smart feedback and reminders and technology defaults. In this chapter, I discuss the role of design and data in digital nudging and applications in the domains of consumer choices, health behavior, and daily work. To help expand research and practice, I propose three principles for the design of digital nudging solutions: choice of technology, use of data, and digital experimentation.
Critical Points for Reaction-Diffusion BVP with Newton Boundary Condition

We study a reaction-diffusion system in 1D with various boundary conditions. We focus on the sets of "critical points", i.e. the couples of diffusion rates, for which linearization emanates nontrivial solutions (spatial patterns). We utilize the software AUTO and XPPAUT to numerically obtain continuous branches of these critical points.
Vitamin D, bone density, and nephrocalcinosis in preterm infants: a prospective study.

Vitamin D (VitD) supplementation is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) for preterm infants to improve bone density. Complications of VitD supplementation include hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (NC). NC has been reported in 7–64% infants < 32 weeks gestational age (GA) or < 1500 g birth weight (BW). The relationships between VitD supplementation, serum 25-hydroxy VitD levels, bone density, hypercalciuria and development of NC in preterm infants are not well established. Prospective, observational cohort study of 56 infants with GA ≤ 32 weeks or BW ≤ 1800 g. Demographics, dietary intakes, serum 25-hydroxy VitD levels and weekly urinalyses were collected until 40 weeks corrected GA or discharge. Bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. NC was identified by kidney ultrasound. 56 infants received on average 447 IU/day of VitD with average serum 25-hydoxy VitD level 39.6 ng/mL. DEXA scan showed average BMD 0.13 g/cm2 and BMC 35.8 g. 23/56 (41%) infants were diagnosed with NC. Infants with NC had lower GA (p < 0.01) and BW (p < 0.01) and increased presence of calcium oxalate crystals (78% vs. 36%) (p = 0.002). There were no differences in VitD intake, urine calcium/creatinine ratios or BMD and BMC in infants with versus without NC. VitD supplementation per AAP guidelines resulted in acceptable serum 25-hydroxyVitD levels, but no improvement in BMD or BMC compared to previously reported values. However, infants receiving recommended amounts born at earlier GA and lower BW are at increased risk of NC. VitD supplementation and serum levels should be closely monitored in this high-risk population. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
Measurement and analysis of a streaming-media workload

The increasing availability of continuous-media data is provoking a significant change in Internet workloads. For example, video from news, sports, and entertainment sites, and audio from Internet broadcast radio, telephony, and peer-to-peer networks, are becoming commonplace. Compared with traditional Web workloads, multimedia objects can require significantly more storage and transmission bandwidth. As a result, performance optimizations such as streaming-media proxy caches and multicast delivery are attractive for minimizing the impact of streaming-media workloads on the Internet. However, because few studies of streaming-media workloads exist, the extent to which such mechanisms will improve performance is unclear. This paper (1) presents and analyzes a client-based streaming-media workload generated by a large organization, (2) compares media workload characteristics to traditional Web-object workloads, and (3) explores the effectiveness of performance optimizations on streaming-media workloads. To perform the study, we collected traces of streaming-media sessions initiated by clients from a large university to servers in the Internet. In the week-long trace used for this paper, we monitored and analyzed RTSP sessions from 4,786 clients accessing 23,738 distinct streaming-media objects from 866 servers. Our analysis of this trace provides a detailed characterization of streaming-media for this workload.
Collective string interactions in AdS/QCD and high multiplicity p A collisions

QCD strings originate from high-energy scattering in the form of Reggeons and Pomerons, and have been studied in some detail in lattice numerical simulations. Production of multiple strings, with their subsequent breaking, is now a mainstream model of high energy $pp$ and $pA$ collisions. Recent LHC experiments revealed that high multiplicity end of such collisions show interesting collective effects. This ignited an interest in the interaction of QCD strings and multi-string dynamics. Holographic models, collectively known as AdS/QCD, developed in the last decade, describe both hadronic spectroscopy and basic thermodynamics, but so far no studies of the QCD strings have been done in this context. The subject of this paper is to do this. First, we study in more detail the scalar sector of hadronic spectroscopy, identifying "glueballs" and "scalar mesons," and calculate the degree of their mixing. The QCD strings, holographic images of the fundamental strings, thus have a "gluonic core" and a "sigma cloud." The latter generates $\sigma$ exchanges and collectivization of the strings, affecting, at a certain density, the chiral condensate and even the minimum of the effective string potential, responsible for the very existence of the QCD strings. Finally, we run dynamical simulations of the multi-string systems, in the "spaghetti" setting approximating central $pA$ collisions, and specify conditions for their collectivization into a black hole, or the dual QGP fireball.