cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Place du don d’organes chez les patients en coma grave à la suite d’un accident vasculaire cérébral

Resume Introduction En France l’activite de prelevements d’organes a progresse. L’accident vasculaire cerebral est la cause principale des deces en mort encephalique, mais la possibilite de prelevement n’est pas toujours evoquee. Etat des connaissances Les patients en coma grave, victimes d’accidents vasculaires sans espoir therapeutique, font souvent l’objet de procedures precoces d’arret des traitements avant passage en mort encephalique. Or, le delai d’evolution vers la mort encephalique necessite la poursuite des soins en reanimation. Perspectives L’admission en reanimation d’un patient en coma grave, victime d’un accident vasculaire et sans espoir therapeutique, est possible dans l’optique exclusive d’un prelevement d’organes. Cette attitude ne se concoit que si le prelevement a des chances raisonnables d’aboutir et qu’apres avoir informe les proches de la gravite de l’atteinte cerebrale. Il est recommande de dissocier, aupres des proches, la discussion d’arret des traitements et la recherche d’opposition du patient au don d’organes. Conclusions Cette demarche permet a la fois d’accompagner le patient en fin de vie, et de respecter sa volonte sur le don d’organes. Elle ne peut etre prise qu’au cas par cas, apres accord des proches sur la poursuite des soins de reanimation dans le but d’aboutir a un prelevement d’organes.
Parents as behavior modifiers: Intervention for three problem behaviors in a severely retarded child

Abstract The present study assessed the efficacy of training parents as behavior modifiers of poblem behaviors displayed by their seven year old severely retarded son. The targeted problem behaviors included (13 throwing objects, (2) refusing to comply with parental commands, and (3) refusing to sit in a chair at a table. The case is unique in that the child's retardation resulted from a rare chromosomal abberation previously unexplored in the behavioral therapy literature. Parents were instructed in a simple behavioral treatment package consisting of verbal punishment and reinforceme t. Treatment was assessed according to a multiple baseline across behaciors design. Results showed sirnificant improvement on all three target behaviors following the application of the treatment intervention. Transfer of training to the natural environment was assessed. Results revealed maintenance of behavioral improvement at this two‐month follow‐up.
Theism and infallibilism: can the marriage be saved? Response to Blaauw

This essay constitutes a brief response to Martin Blaauw's paper, ‘Divorcing theism from infallibilism’, Religious Studies, 43 (2007), 349–354, in which he raises a number of thought-provoking objections to an earlier paper of mine which appeared in this journal: ‘Theism and infallibilism: a marriage made in heaven?’, Religious Studies, 40 (2004), 193–201. In the following counter-response, I hope to show that the argument developed in my original essay manages to survive his objections. (All page references in the text are to Martin Blaauw's paper above.)
Support for integrated value-based maintenance planning

The paper considers how IRTMM intelligent real-time maintenance management system helps process-plant engineers and owners perform value-based plant maintenance. With IRTMM, they can inspect subsystems, identify component operating parameters, and review and make notes regarding component performance or operational and maintenance history.
Telescope Mirror Supports: Plate Deflections On Point Supports

We describe the deflections of uniform-thickness plates supported by discrete points and by continuous rings. The calculations are based on the theory of deflections of thin plates. In some cases the effect of shear on the deflections is also included. The optimum locations of the support points for a wide variety of simple geometries are given. The deflections and methods for estimating the deflections for the limiting case of a large number of support points are also described. Since the slope errors induced in a mirror by its support may be relevant to optical image quality, we describe a method of relating the surface deflections to the surface slopes, and hence the geometric optics image blur that results from a support system. These results are particularly useful for the support of very thin mirrors, where the optimum support is needed.
Cryo-Electron Tomography of Homophilic Adhesion Mediated by the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1

The neural cell adhesion molecule L1 participates in homophilic interactions important for axon guidance and neuronal development. The structural details of homophilic adhesion mediated by L1 and other immunoglobulin superfamily members containing an N-terminal horseshoe arrangement of four immunoglobulin-like domains are unknown. Here we used cryo-electron tomography to study liposomes to which intact or truncated forms of the L1 ectodomain were attached. Tomographic reconstructions revealed an adhesion interface with a regular and repeating pattern consistent with interactions between paired horseshoes contributed by L1 proteins from neighboring liposomes. The characteristics of the pattern changed when N-linked carbohydrates were altered by removing sialic acids or converting from complex to high mannose or oligomannose glycans, suggesting a regulatory role for carbohydrates in L1-mediated homophilic adhesion. Using the results from tomograms and crystal structures of L1-related molecules, we present a structural model for L1-mediated homophilic adhesion that depends on protein-protein, protein-carbohydrate, and carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions.
BIOMETRY OF CALCIUM, INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS, CHOLESTEROL, AND LECITHIN IN THE BLOOD OF RABBITS : IV. EFFECTS OF A MALIGNANT TUMOR

Experiments are reported in which it was shown that the calcium, inorganic phosphorus, cholesterol, and lecithin in the blood of normal rabbits were influenced by inoculation with a malignant tumor (4). Animals in which death was due to tumor gave results on which the following conclusions are based: 1. A marked increase in inorganic phosphorus of blood serum and cholesterol of whole blood followed inoculation. 2. The ratios of cholesterol to calcium and lecithin to calcium increased in trend, while the calcium to inorganic phosphorus, lecithin to cholesterol, and lecithin to inorganic phosphorus ratios showed a marked decrease in trend. 3. The r cholesterol-lecithin were all negative.
Incremental-in-time algorithm for digital simulation

Recently, an incremental algorithm (incremental-in-space algorithm) for digital simulation has been studied with good results in speeding up simulation. In this paper we present another algorithm (incremental-in-time algorithm) for incremental simulation of digital circuits. The incremental-in-space algorithm pessimistically resimulates the circuit components that could be affected by design changes throughout the simulation time frames. On the other hand, the incremental-in-time algorithm resimulates a circuit component only for the simulation time frames when its inputs or internal state variables make different state transitions from the previous simulation run. It maximally utilizes the past history thereby reducing the number of component evaluations to a minimum. Experimental results obtained for several practical circuits show speedups up to 30 times faster than conventional event-driven simulation.
`An interplay at specific points': Traveling between California and Cape Town

Ethnographic research on the everyday lives of those who are privileged to travel as vacationers or on study abroad programs offers important insights into assumptions about global connections in the 21st century. This article tells the stories of two journeys between Cape Town and California. Through these narratives I explore the challenges and rewards of ethnographic work with travelers especially when this work takes seriously their lives when they are not tourists. Ethnographers of tourists face many challenges, some practical — tourists deliberately seek experiences that are independent of their everyday lives and ethnography is at its best focusing on the everyday. Others are due to the anthropologist's own uncertainty about her position as a tourist, making the anthropology of tourism a kind of native anthropology.
Comparison of 180-degree and 90-degree needle rotation to reduce wound size in PIT-injected juvenile Chinook salmon

Abstract Most telemetry studies require the implantation or attachment of passive transponders or active transmitters to monitor and assess fish stocks and conservation to gain an understanding of fish physiology and behavior. As new telemetry technologies become available, it is imperative to study the effect of the transmitter or implantation technique on species of interest. In this study, we investigated the effects of needle axial or bevel rotation (0-, 90-, 180-degree) on wound extent and healing, and tag loss in juvenile Chinook salmon injected with an 8-gauge needle, which is required for implantation of the injectable Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry Systems acoustic transmitter and some passive integrated transponders (PITs). Although the wounds were not closed after injection (e.g., with sutures or glue), there were no mortalities, dropped tags, or indications of fungus, ulceration, or redness around the wound. No axial rotation (0-degrees) resulted in the PIT tag frequently misloading or falling out before injection. On Day 0 and post-implantation Day 7, the 90-degree bevel rotation produced a significantly smaller wound extent than the 180-degree bevel rotation. Given the wound extent compared to size of fish, we recommend researchers should consider a 90-degree rotation over the 180-degree rotation when injecting transmitters.
Cathlink 20: a subcutaneous implanted central venous access device used in children with sickle cell disease on long-term erythrocytapheresis--a report of low complication rates.

Background Experience with the use of central venous access device (CVAD) in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) on hypertransfusion is limited and published studies report wide variability in the rates of CVAD-associated complications. Procedure In this study, a total of 18 Cathlink® 20 ports (Bard Access systems, Salt Lake City, UT) were implanted in 15 patients aged 7–20 years with SCD for 19, 230 catheter patient days. Results No peri-operative complications were observed. Three episodes of catheter occlusion requiring replacement occurred in two patients for an observed rate of 0.16 per 1,000 catheter patient days for thrombotic occlusion. One patient required port replacement and another patient required replacement twice. In 13 out of 15 patients, the median duration of port use was 45 months. No episode of catheter-associated bacteremia or catheter tunnel infections was observed. Conclusions Comparing our results with other reported studies of CVAD-associated complications in patients with SCD, we observed a lower rate of complications with the use of Cathlink 20 ports. These findings may be partly related to the design of the port and partly to a dedicated group of nurses accessing the ports in a controlled environment in an apheresis unit. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005;44:669–672. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cecidogenesis of leaf galls on Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae) induced by Trioza jambolanae Crawford (Homoptera: Psylloidea)

This paper reports morphogenetic changes initiated by the cecidogenous psyllid Trioza jambolanae on the leaves of Syzygium cumini. The process, from egg to adult emergence, through sequential stages of gall development, takes about 40 days. Shifts in the feeding sites within galls, synchronized with the growth of stylet bundles and maturation of the nymph, prepare the mature gall to dehisce through a specific physiological change. This involves differential synthesis of starch and polyphenolic materials in particular patterns in the tissues that compose the gall wall. Cells that contain starch and polyphenolic materials become sclereids during later stages of cecidogenesis. Sclereids occur as linear files alternating with rows of parenchyma. These functionally antagonistic tissues act in coordination with water deficit, enabling the dehiscence of the gall from a weak point in the gall roof, which splits along the lines of parenchyma. The dynamics of gall growth are also analysed morphometrically.
Immune system inspired fault detection and identification with application to crew exploration vehicles

Immune system exhibits robust, adaptive and highly distributed cognitive capabilities comparable to the brain. It learns during its lifetime to differentiate and eliminate non-self from self substances of the body by some interesting mechanisms, such as mutation and cloning. In this work, we explore a new approach to fault detection and identification by mimicking the mechanisms of immune system. The developed fault detection and identification system (FDIS) is able to detect and identify diverse system faults dynamically. Moreover, as a learning system, the proposed FDIS can automatically adjust its detecting accuracy and is adaptive to new type of faults during its operation. Simulation on fault-detection in crew exploration vehicle (CEV) is conducted and the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Inhibition of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis by neurons in the ventrolateral medulla and in the nucleus tractus solitarius

Neurons in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) and in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) play important roles in the regulation of cardiovascular and other autonomic functions. In the present study, ...
The early development of neutron diffraction: science in the wings of the Manhattan Project

Although neutron diffraction was first observed using radioactive decay sources shortly after the discovery of the neutron, it was only with the availability of higher intensity neutron beams from the first nuclear reactors, constructed as part of the Manhattan Project, that systematic investigation of Bragg scattering became possible. Remarkably, at a time when the war effort was singularly focused on the development of the atomic bomb, groups working at Oak Ridge and Chicago carried out key measurements and recognized the future utility of neutron diffraction quite independent of its contributions to the measurement of nuclear cross sections. Ernest O. Wollan, Lyle B. Borst and Walter H. Zinn were all able to observe neutron diffraction in 1944 using the X-10 graphite reactor and the CP-3 heavy water reactor. Subsequent work by Wollan and Clifford G. Shull, who joined Wollan's group at Oak Ridge in 1946, laid the foundations for widespread application of neutron diffraction as an important research tool.
Redefining the Role of Retinoic Acid in Limb Development

In recent years, the function of retinoic acid (RA) in limb development has been debated. In this issue of Cell Reports, Cunningham et al. show that RA antagonizes fibroblast growth factors for limb initiation, but not for limb patterning.
Groupwise Registration via Graph Shrinkage on the Image Manifold

Recently, group wise registration has been investigated for simultaneous alignment of all images without selecting any individual image as the template, thus avoiding the potential bias in image registration. However, none of current group wise registration method fully utilizes the image distribution to guide the registration. Thus, the registration performance usually suffers from large inter-subject variations across individual images. To solve this issue, we propose a novel group wise registration algorithm for large population dataset, guided by the image distribution on the manifold. Specifically, we first use a graph to model the distribution of all image data sitting on the image manifold, with each node representing an image and each edge representing the geodesic pathway between two nodes (or images). Then, the procedure of warping all images to their population center turns to the dynamic shrinking of the graph nodes along their graph edges until all graph nodes become close to each other. Thus, the topology of image distribution on the image manifold is always preserved during the group wise registration. More importantly, by modeling the distribution of all images via a graph, we can potentially reduce registration error since every time each image is warped only according to its nearby images with similar structures in the graph. We have evaluated our proposed group wise registration method on both synthetic and real datasets, with comparison to the two state-of-the-art group wise registration methods. All experimental results show that our proposed method achieves the best performance in terms of registration accuracy and robustness.
Postoperative urinary tract infection and short-term outcomes and costs in head and neck cancer surgery

ObjectivesCatheter-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs) have been identified as a preventable “never event” by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. We sought to determine the relatio...
Dynamic Picosecond Reflectivity Studies Of Highly Optically-Excited Crystalline Silicon

Dynamic picosecond reflectivity studies of highly optically- excited crystalline siliconThomas F. Boggess, Arthur L. Smirl, K. Bohnert, Kamjou Mansour,Steven C. Moss, and Ian W. BoydCenter for Applied Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, North Texas State UniversityP.O. Box 5368, NT Station, Denton, Texas 76203Abstract
A Neo‐Functional Examination of the African Economic Community: Lessons from the Experience of the European Union

: In mid-1991, members of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) signed a treaty in Abuja, Nigeria, which sought to create an African Economic Community (AEC) by the year 2031. The aim of the proposed Community, which was preceded, roughly a decade earlier, by the Lagos Plan of Action and the Final Act of Lagos (LPA) is to facilitate regional cooperation on a continental scale as a strategy for economic growth and development in Africa. At the Abuja summit, African leaders attempted to compare the proposed AEC to the European Union (EU). This article inquires the likelihood of the AEC to takeoff and eventually evolve to a level of maturity and sophistication reminiscent of the EU. To that end, the socio-economic and political conditions of the continent are reviewed, following which the substance and the structure of the AEC treaty are evaluated against the experience of the EU. RESUME Vers le milieu de l'annee 1991, les membres de l'Organisation de l'unite africaine (OUA) ont signe un traitea Abuja (Nigeria) relatif a la creation, d'ici a l'an 2031, de la Communauteeconomique africaine (CEA). L'objectif de ce projet-dont les precurseurs ont ete le Plan d'action et l'Acte final de Lagos, elabores pres d'une dizaine d'annees plus tot - est de faciliter la cooperation regionale a l'echelle continentale, en tant que strategic de croissance et de developpement economique en Afrique. Au sommet d'Abuja, les dirigeants africains ont cherchea comparer la future Communauteeconomique africaine a l'Union europeenne (UE). Le present article s'interroge sur les chances de la CEA d'emerger et d'arriver eventuellement a un degre de maturite et de sophistication proche de celui de l'UE. A cette fin, elle examine les conditions socioeconomiques etpolitiques des pays du continent, puis evalue le contenu et la structure du traite de la CEA en se fondant sur l'experience de l'UE.
Emerging Issues in Corporate Entrepreneurship

Research on corporate entrepreneurship (CE) has grown rapidly over the past decade. In this article, we identify four major issues scholars can pursue to further our understanding about CE. The issues we explore include various forms of CE (e.g., sustained regeneration, domain redefinition) and their implications for organizational learning; the role of leadership and social exchange in the CE process; and, key research opportunities relevant to CE in an international context. To address the latter issue, we propose a typology that separates content from process-related studies and new ventures vs. established companies. We close with a reassessment of the outcomes in CE research, which becomes particularly salient with the increasing importance of social, human, and intellectual capital in creating competitive advantages and wealth in today’s knowledge economy. Throughout the article, we use the organizational learning theory as a means of integrating our discussion and highlighting the potential contributions of CE to knowledge creation and effective exploitation.
Aggression and Epilepsy: Seizure-Type Comparisons and High-Risk Variables

One hundred fifty-three patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and 79 patients with generalized epilepsy were compared on a measure of aggression (derived from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory). Analysis of covariance indicated that seizure type was not related to aggression. Multiple-regression analyses for each seizure group indicated that in temporal lobe epilepsy the chronologic age was inversely correlated with aggression scores. In the group with generalized epilepsy, chronologic age and myoclonic seizures were inversely correlated with aggression, while akinetic seizures were directly associated with increased aggression.
The Role of Conflict in Economic Decision-Making Groups: Some Empirical Results

I. Introduction, 263. — II. Developments in normative group decision theory, 264. — III. Questions and an experiment, 267; assumption of a group of rational individuals, 267; two experimental problems: the rational team and the foundation, 268. — IV. The results, 271. — V. Summary and conclusions, 276.
Endothelial cell apoptosis in capillary network remodeling

We hypothesized that the regulation of apoptosis is an important determinant of capillary network structure. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in in vitro model systems of capillary tube formation, we initially documented that apoptosis is a prominent feature of network formation. Perturbations of integrin-matrix signaling by the administration of either colchicine or an anti-alpha(v)beta3 antibody resulted in the dissolution of the tubular network in association with increased apoptosis. The activation of the alpha(v)beta3 integrin induced increased expression of the anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2 and conferred resistance to the proapoptotic effect of TGF-beta1. In contrast to the stable networks formed by HUVEC, bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) exhibited a more dynamic process of network formation and spontaneous involution. The inhibition of BAEC apoptosis by stable transfection of bcl-2 prevented the involution of the network. We hypothesized that TGF-beta1 present within the model system mediated network involution by inducing BAEC death. Indeed, blockade of TGF-beta1 with neutralizing antibodies reduced BAEC apoptosis and preserved the network structure. As observed with HUVEC networks, stable BAEC networks formed during blockade of TGF-beta1 were also dependent on the survival-promoting effects of matrixintegrin interactions. This study suggests that capillary network structure is determined by the balance of proapoptotic vs. anti-apoptotic signals mediated by the engagement of cytokine and integrin receptors within the milieu.
A New Way to Model Nonstationary Sea Clutter

Sea clutter refers to the radar backscatter from a patch of ocean surface. To properly characterize radar clutter returns, a lot of effort has been made to fit various distributions to the observed amplitude data of sea clutter. However, the fitting of real sea clutter data using those distributions is not satisfactory. This may be due to the fact that sea clutter data is highly nonstationary. This nonstationarity motivates us to perform distributional analysis on the data obtained by differentiating the amplitude data of sea clutter. By systematically analyzing differentiated data of 280 sea clutter time series measured under various sea and weather conditions, we show that the Tsallis distribution fits sea clutter data much better than commonly used distributions for sea clutter such as the K distribution. We also find that the parameters from the Tsallis distribution are more effective than the ones from the K distribution for detecting low observable targets within sea clutter.
Estimating symmetric, positive definite matrices in robotic control

In a number of contexts relevant to control problems, including estimation of robot dynamics, covariance, and smart structure mass and stiffness matrices, we need to solve an over-determined set of linear equations AX /spl ap/ B with the constraint that the matrix X be symmetric and positive definite. In the classical least squares method, the measurements of A are assumed to be free of error. Hence, all errors are confined to B. Thus, the "optimal" solution is given by minimizing /spl par/AX - B/spl par//sub F//sup 2/. However, this assumption is often impractical. Sampling errors, modeling errors, and, sometimes, human errors bring inaccuracies to A as well. We introduce a different optimization criterion, based on area, which takes the errors in both A and B into consideration. The analytic expression of the global optimizer is derived. The algorithm is applied to identify the joint space mass-inertia matrix of a Gough-Stewart platform. Experimental results indicate that the new approach is practical, and improves performance.
MESMERISTS AND OTHER MEDDLERS: SOCIAL DARWINISM, DEGENERATION, AND EUGENICS IN TRILBY

About two-thirds of the way through George Du Maurier's Trilby (1894), a novel that entranced the reading public with its descriptions of Bohemian Paris and mesmerism, there is a seventeen-page digression on The Origin of Species. This rumination is sparked by the fact that Little Billee is “reading Mr. Darwin's immortal book for the third time” while he contemplates proposing to the parson's daughter, Alice (180; pt. 5). Ultimately, he cannot bring himself to do so because Alice believes, among other Bible stories, that “[t]he world was made in six days. It is just six thousand years old,” a view debunked in The Origin by Darwin's depiction of the gradual evolution of species over vast periods of time (174; pt. 5). While the controversy elicited in the second half of the nineteenth century by Darwin's theory of natural selection continues today, the question remains: what is this debate doing in a novel about expatriate artists and the woman they love? I read this seeming digression from the sentimental and sensational plot of the novel as a cue to the importance of Darwinian ideas to reading Trilby. In this article, I trace Du Maurier's engagement in Trilby and in his cartoons with various permutations of Social Darwinism, notably degeneration (especially its relationship to class), society's moral and cultural evolution, and eugenics. I argue that the novelist negotiates between Darwin and his interpreters as he resists collectivism, or state intervention in questions of social welfare, in favor of individual liberty in matters of sexual selection.
Reflexivity as Interpretation and Genealogy in Research

Building from conversations in a 2011 special issue in this journal, “Contestation and Opportunity in Reflexivity,” in which the omnipresent status yet contested terrain of reflexivity in research ...
Enzymatic estimation of urinary steroids.

SummaryA novel method for the sensitive and specific microestimation of steroids has been described. This method depends upon the selective oxidation or reduction of respectively hydroxy- and ketosteroids by highly purified hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases of bacterial origin. The method permits the estimation of 3a-hydroxysteroids, 3β-(and 17β-) hydroxysteroids, 3-ketosteroids and 17-ketosteroids.
An improved immunoperoxidase technique for identifying SV40 V and T antigens by light microscopy.

Discussion and SummaryDevelopment of the peroxidase reaction for a period of 10 min has consistently resulted in strong nuclear staining of SV40 V and T positive cells. These cells are easily distinguished from antigen negative cells except for some finely granular cytoplasmic staining present in the latter cells. Attempts to eliminate this nonspecific staining by adsorbing either the serum or the conjugate with liver powder or with brain homogenate were unsuccessful. On the contrary, such adsorption weakened the activity of the serum. Incubation in absolute methanol or in 0.5% H2O2 (18) before exposure to serum did not eliminate the nonspecific staining but resulted in some nuclear damage and in a general decrease in staining intensity. Lowering the concentration of H2O2 (0.1%, 0.01%, 0.001%/) for this pretreatment did not improve the overall staining reaction and also resulted in occasional nuclear damage. Finally, partial purification of the conjugate by removing unbound peroxidase did not improve the ...
Superconducting Nanowire Architectures for Single Photon Detection

Over the past decade, superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) have emerged as a key enabling technology for quantum optics and free-space optical communication. We review the operating principle and the latest advances in the performance of SNSPDs, such as extending sensitivity into the mid infrared, and the adoption of amorphous superconducting films. We discuss the limits and trade-offs of the SNSPD architecture and review novel device designs, such as parallel and series nanowire detectors (PNDs and SNDs), superconducting nanowire avalanche photodetector (SNAPs), and nanowire arrays with row-column readout, which have opened the pathway to larger active area, higher speed and photon-number resolution.
278 ERYTHROPOIETIN SUPPLEMENTATION ALTERS CEREBRAL COVALENT HISTONE MODIFICATION AND GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR SPLICE VARIANT MESSENGER RIBONUCLEIC ACID EXPRESSION IN A GENDER-SPECIFIC MANNER.

Background Early exposure to stress negatively impacts neurodevelopmental outcome. All preterm infants admitted to the NICU are exposed to the stress of maternal separation. In the rat, perinatal stress alters cerebral histone covalent modification and increases the expression of key glucocorticoid receptor (GR) splice variants. Erythropoietin (EPO) supplementation has been shown to exibit neuroprotective effects and alter histone covalent modifications. Hypothesis We therefore hypothesized that EPO supplementation to pups stressed during the perinatal period would alter cerebral histone covalent modification and GR expression. Design/Methods Sprague-Dawley rat pups were removed from their dams, hand-fed rat milk substitute during the day, and returned to dams during the night for maternal feedings during postnatal days 3 to 8. Pups were also given either erythropoietin (5,000 U/kg/day) or saline (50 μL/day). Pups were killed on postnatal day 10 and brains harvested. Histone H3 lysine (K) methylation and acetylation were assessed by Western blot analysis. mRNA for total glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the GR splice variants 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.10, and 1.11 was quantitated using real-time RT-PCR. Results In males, supplementation with erythropoietin decreased both histone H3 acetylation and methylation (dimethyl-K4 85.7 ± 2%*, dimethyl-K9 74.3 ± 1.9%*, acetyl-K9 79.0 ± 1.6%*, and acetyl-K18 84.5 ± 2.4%*). EPO supplementation in males also resulted in decreased mRNA expression of the glucocorticoid splice variants 1.5, 1.7, and 1.11. (79.2 ± 3.9%*, 52.4 ± 0.6%*, and 64.9 ± 8.3%*). Interestingly, in females, EPO supplementation resulted in an increase in histone H3 acetylation (acetyl-K14 128.1 ± 4.2%*, acetyl-K18 108.3 ± 2.5%*) (*n = 3, p Conclusions EPO supplementation decreases cerebral histone covalent modification and GR receptor splice variant mRNA expression in perinatally stressed male rat pups. EPO increased cerebral histone acetylation in stressed female pups. Perinatal stress alters patterns of cerebral histone covalent modification and increases the expression of GR splice variants. We speculate that supplementation with erythropoietin moderates this response, thereby limiting the long-term detrimental neurodevelopmental effects of perinatal stress. Importantly, these effects occur in a gender-specific manner. Supported by the CHRC.
Aristotle and the Scope of Justice

It is often thought that Aristotle restricts the scope of justice to existing communities. Against prominent treatments of this problem, this paper argues that while Aristotle does indeed restrict the scope of justice, he recognizes eudaimonic reasons to cultivate co-operative and benevolent relations and to eschew manipulative and exploitative ones. His limitation of justice to existing communities thereby avoids the unsavory implications often attributed to it.
Index of Suspicion in the NurseryCase 1: Preterm Neonate With Isolated Fetal Ascites

A male infant is born at 324/7 weeks of gestation with a birth weight of 2,870 g. He is born to a 27-year-old gravida 2, para 1001 mother who received appropriate prenatal care. The infant is noted to have severe isolated abdominal ascites on a 21-week ultrasonogram, which is confirmed with subsequent ultrasonography. No pleural or pericardial effusion, skin edema, or structural abnormalities in the heart are noted. Doppler ultrasonography reveals normal middle cerebral artery velocity. The mother’s blood group is O+, antibody test result is negative, and serologic test results for hepatitis B, human immunodeficiency virus, and syphilis are negative. The mother is rubella immune and tests group B Streptococcus negative. The results of Neisseria gonorrhea and Chlamydia tests are negative. IgM test results are negative for toxoplasma, parvovirus, varicella zoster virus, and cytomegalovirus. The mother presents with premature rupture of the membranes, which occurs 16 hours before delivery, and receives 2 doses of betamethasone. Before an elective low transverse caesarean delivery, 1.5 L of clear fluid is removed through amniocentesis and 180 mL through paracentesis secondary to concerns of fetal lung immaturity and abdominal distension. The infant is electively intubated at delivery in anticipation of respiratory distress from extensive ascites, administered one dose of surfactant, and given mechanical ventilatory assistance. Apgar scores are 6 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. The infant passes urine and meconium soon after birth. On physical examination, the infant is noted to have a distended abdomen and bilateral scrotal edema. Cord arterial and venous blood gas …
The value and significance of small-scale point-to-sphere breakdown tests as a quality control tool for transformer oil

Small-scale, uniform-field, 60 Hz breakdown tests have long been used for monitoring the quality of transformer oil. This is because of the sensitivity of such tests to particulate contamination and dissolved water. An especially sensitive test of this type is ASTM Method D1816,1 which employs spherically-capped electrodes of VDE contour. However, this type of test is often insensitive to trace amounts of soluble polar chemical contaminants in oil of otherwise high quality. For example, the breakdown voltage of virgin oil (i.e., uncontaminated and previously unused oil), tested in a 1000-gallon laboratory tank, ranged from 28 to 35 kV rms during one investigation that extended over a period of 16 working days. The electrode spacing was 40 mil. After adding approximately 500 ppm by volume of a chlorinated hydrocarbon (a blend of chlorinated benzenes and chlorinated biphenyls) and repeating the original series of tests, the breakdown voltages for the contaminated oil ranged from 29 to 35 kV over the next 14 days. This test (D1816) obviously detected no difference between the two oils.
Hybrid Energy Storage System With Active Filter Function for Shipboard MVDC System Applications Based on Isolated Modular Multilevel DC/DC Converter

This paper proposes an isolated modular multilevel dc/dc converter (iM2DC)-based hybrid energy storage system (ESS) for shipboard MVDC grid application. The cell capacitors of the iM2DC are applied to implement the dc active power filter capability, which improves the MVDC bus power quality without auxiliary devices or sacrificing the battery lifetime. In addition, the proposed ESS achieves superior fault response with fault current limiting function, which benefits the fault localization and fast recovery. The operation principle of the proposed system is introduced first and the converter equivalent averaged model is derived. Then the multifunctional control method is presented, including the virtual-impedance-based ripple distribution strategy. Both offline simulation and controller hardware-in-the-loop test results are provided to validate the control strategy as well as the ESS performance.
1797: »Die Geburtsstunde des Romantikers«

Die ausgedehnten Studien, mit deren Hilfe Friedrich von Hardenberg die Trauer uber den Tod seiner Braut verarbeitete, haben wesentlich zur Entstehung des fruhromantischen Dichters »Novalis« beigetragen. Hans-Joachim Mahl nennt das Jahr 1797 »die Geburtsstunde des Romantikers« insofern, als es »den Grund fur das gesamte philosophische und dichterische Werk der folgenden Zeit legt« (Mahl 1963, S. 286). Die Beschreibung und Beurteilung dieses Werdegangs muss sich allerdings in erster Linie auf die Analyse der Briefe und Tagebucher aus dieser Umbruchszeit stutzen, da verhaltnismasig wenige andere Dokumente uberliefert sind.
Evaluation of wireless bat swing speed sensors

Batter swing speed is an important parameter in understanding the performance of baseball and softball players. A number of swing speed sensors have recently been introduced and are commercially available. The aim of this study was to compare three wireless swing sensors with high speed video. Swing speed from high speed video was measured by differentiating the position coordinates of tracking markers on the bat barrel. On average, the wireless bat swing sensors reported speeds 8% slower than that found from video tracking. The agreement was better at low swing speeds, suggesting that the current generation of wireless sensors is best suited for developing players. Spatial measures, such as swing angle, were not in good agreement with video tracking.
Role of Porosity in the Effect of Microcracking on the Thermal Conductivity of Brittle Ceramic Composites

Fracture-mechanical principles were used to predict the role of porosity in the formation of microcracks in brittle ceramic composites containing a dispersed phase with a coefficient of thermal expansion less than that of the matrix. It is shown that microcracking will occur only if the amount of porosity lies within a region Pi<P<Pa, and that all the microcracks will be of equal size. Using this criterion, the effect of the microcracks and pores on the thermal conductivity is examined. The expected behavior includes a sharp drop in the relative thermal conductivity and diffusivity at Pi, followed by a porosity-independent value between Pi and Pa. These conclusions were confirmed by measurements of the thermal diffusivity of composites containing silicon carbide dispersed in a matrix of magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, and aluminum oxide, each with a range of compositions and amounts of porosity.
Finite Mathematical Models

Three finite mathematical models are examined. The first deals with the discrete-time rabbit reproduction population dynamics model posed by Leonardo of Pisa which gives rise to the finite difference equation the solution of which produces the Fibonacci sequence. In the chapter this is solved both directly in scalar form and by placing it in a system formulation that is then solved by a Jordan canonical form method. Two other methods of solution are introduced in the problems for the system formulation: Namely a Cayley-Hamilton Theorem approach and a direct eigenvalue-eigenvector expansion method. The second model deals with the minimum fraction of the popular vote that can elect the President of the United States posed by George Polya. The 1960 and 1996 Presidential elections are examined in the chapter while the 2008 election is considered in a problem. The third model deals with the financial mathematics problem of the repayment of a loan or mortgage. A loan shark example with 100% interest rate per pay period is examined in the chapter and a similar one with only a 50% interest rate per period is examined in the last problem.
There’s No Place Like Home: National Origin, Networking, and Advocacy at International NGOs

It is amazing to witness the number and scope of organizations today that claim to be “without borders.” Doctors, reporters, architects, lawyers, librarians, mothers, chemists, clowns, acupuncturists, and even bees now have organizations that claim be with “without borders” or “sans frontieres.” This enthusiasm for expressing global sympathies and taking global action has also taken hold in the academic community. The vast and growing literature on international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) reveals that these organizations can change state policy and shape social practice in many places around the globe.
Optimality conditions for piecewise C 2 nonlinear programming

Several types of finite-dimensional nonlinear programming models are considered in this article. Second-order optimality conditions are derived for these models, under the assumption that the functions involved are piecewiseC 2. In rough terms, a real-valued function defined on an open subsetW orR n is said to be piecewiseC k onW if it is continuous onW and if it can be constructed by piecing together onW a finite number of functions of classC k .
Human understanding of information represented in natural versus artificial language (Poster)

In this paper we compare human understanding of information represented in a natural language (NL) to a type of artificial language, called a Controlled Natural Language (CNL). Potential applications for CNLs include decision support and conversational agents, but currently there is limited empirical research on the understandability of CNLs for untrained humans. We investigate a particular type of CNL, called Controlled English (CE), which was designed to be a simplified, artificial subset of natural language that is both human readable and unambiguous for fast and accurate machine processing. We quantify and compare human understanding of NL and CE using accuracy and speed for language statements. The statements described entities (people and objects) and relations (actions) among entities with the ground-truth represented using visual diagrams. Participants responded whether the statements matched the diagram (yes/no). In Experiment I, we found accuracy for NL and CE was comparable, although the speed for understanding CE was slower. To further examine the role of speed, we induced time pressure in Experiment II. We found both the accuracy and speed for CE was lower than NL. These results indicate that if people have sufficient time, understanding for CE can be equivalent to NL. However, with limited time the accuracy and speed for understanding NL is better than CE. Our findings indicate that both accuracy and speed of CNLs should be evaluated. Furthermore, under time pressure there can be meaningful differences in accuracy and speed between different ways of representing information. Understanding for methods of representing machine information has potential implications for situation understanding and management with human-machine interaction and collaboration.
More Risky Than Radical

The threat of Ebola is terrifying. As I write, a new outbreak of the viral disease is affecting areas of the Democratic Republic of the Congo near the Uganda border. As of August 3, 2018, the World...
The Symbolic Wolf: A Construal Level Theory Analysis of the Perceptions of Wolves in the United States

AbstractCharismatic wildlife can be difficult to manage due to the controversies they generate among stakeholders, which may be rooted in their symbolic meaning. Using construal-level theory, we co...
The reactive form of a C–S bond–cleaving, CO2-fixing flavoenzyme

NADPH2-ketopropyl–coenzyme M oxidoreductase/carboxylase (2-KPCC) is a bacterial disulfide oxidoreductase (DSOR) that, uniquely in this family, catalyzes CO2 fixation. 2-KPCC differs from other DSORs by having a phenylalanine that replaces a conserved histidine, which in typical DSORs is essential for stabilizing the reduced, reactive form of the active site. Here, using site-directed mutagenesis and stopped-flow kinetics, we examined the reactive form of 2-KPCC and its single turnover reactions with a suicide substrate and CO2. The reductive half-reaction of 2-KPCC was kinetically and spectroscopically similar to that of a typical DSOR, GSH reductase, in which the active-site histidine had been replaced with an alanine. However, the reduced, reactive form of 2-KPCC was distinct from those typical DSORs. In the absence of the histidine, the flavin and disulfide moieties were no longer coupled via a covalent or charge transfer interaction as in typical DSORs. Similar to thioredoxins, the pKa between 7.5 and 8.1 that controls reactivity appeared to be due to a single proton shared between the cysteines of the dithiol, which effectively stabilizes the attacking cysteine sulfide and renders it capable of breaking the strong C–S bond of the substrate. The lack of a histidine protected 2-KPCC's reactive intermediate from unwanted protonation; however, without its input as a catalytic acid–base, the oxidative half-reaction where carboxylation takes place was remarkably slow, limiting the overall reaction rate. We conclude that stringent regulation of protons in the DSOR active site supports C–S bond cleavage and selectivity for CO2 fixation.
An Efficient Synthesis of 4-Oxoalkenoic Acids from 2-Alkylfurans

An efficient synthesis of 4-oxo-2-alkenoic acids is achieved by the reaction of 2-alkylfurans with sodium chlorite in acidic aqueous solution. The method is applicable to the total synthesis of biologically active phospholipids containing this functional array. The oxidation procedure also converts 2,5-dialkyl furans to α,β-unsaturated-y-diketones in good yields.
Structured Dictionary Learning for Energy Disaggregation

The increased awareness regarding the impact of energy consumption on the environment has led to an increased focus on reducing energy consumption. Feedback on the appliance level energy consumption can help in reducing the energy demands of the consumers. Energy disaggregation techniques are used to obtain the appliance level energy consumption from the aggregated energy consumption of a house. These techniques extract the energy consumption of an individual appliance as features and hence face the challenge of distinguishing two similar energy consuming devices. To address this challenge we develop methods that leverage the fact that some devices tend to operate concurrently at specific operation modes. The aggregated energy consumption patterns of a subgroup of devices allows us to identify the concurrent operating modes of devices in the subgroup. Thus, we design hierarchical methods to replace the task of overall energy disaggregation among the devices with a recursive disaggregation task involving device subgroups. Experiments on two real-world datasets show that our methods lead to improved performance as compared to baseline. One of our approaches, Greedy based Device Decomposition Method (GDDM) achieved up to 23.8%, 10% and 59.3% improvement in terms of micro-averaged f score, macro-averaged f score and Normalized Disaggregation Error (NDE), respectively.
Sturmian Theory for Differential Systems

This chapter is devoted to the extension of various results of the preceding chapters to differential systems. As a major portion of such results are valid in a setting wherein the coefficients of the system are complex-valued, the coefficient functions are no longer assumed to be real. Also, the hypotheses on the coefficient functions are stated specifically only for the case of solutions in the Caratheodory sense; that is, solution functions are supposed to be merely a.c. (absolutely continuous), and thus in general differentiable only a.e. (almost everywhere) on the interval of definition, so that a given derivative relation will be expected to hold only a.e. In only a few instances are the proofs under such hypotheses more complicated than in the case of systems whose coefficient functions are continuous.