cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Positioning the interviewer: Strategic uses of embedded orientation in interview narratives

The structure and function of a sociolinguistic interview sets up a context that affords informants the opportunity to achieve their own goals. We examine how an informant manipulates the reception format of the speech event, using embedded orientation to characterize information as alternately given or new, and the interviewer consequently as an insider or outsider. Whereas previous analyses have examined how embedded orientation highlights or sheds light on information in complicating action clauses, we posit that the content of embedded orientation clauses is important in and of itself. Rather than serving as simply background information, embedded orientation can do important ideological work. In the case here, embedded orientation introduces into the narrative traces of a local story—the history of local Fascism, a topic that is rarely discussed in the teller's community. (Embedded orientation, narrative, sociolinguistic interview)
New Media for Classical Coordination Chemistry: Phase Transfer of Werner and Related Polycations into Highly Nonpolar Fluorous Solvents

Optimized procedures for the previously reported conversions of 1,3-diiodobenzene and perfluorohexyliodide (Rf6I; copper, DMSO, 140 °C) to 1,3-C6H4(Rf6)2 (3; 86-70%) and 3 to Br(3,5-C6H3(Rf6)2 (2; NBS, H2SO4/CF3CO2H; 88-75%) are described. The latter is converted (t-BuLi, BCl3) to the "fluorous BArf" salt NaB(3,5-C6H3(Rf6)2)4 (1 or NaBArf6; 77-70%), as given earlier. When orange aqueous solutions of [Co(en)3]Cl3 (en = ethylenediamine) are treated with perfluoro(methylcyclohexane) (PFMC) solutions of 1 (1:3 mol ratio), the aqueous phase decolorizes and [Co(en)3](BArf6)3 can be isolated from the fluorous phase (96%). Similar reactions with the trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine analogue [Co(R,R-chxn)3]Cl3 and [Ru(bipy)3]Cl2 give [Co-(R,R-chxn)3](BArf6)3 (92%) and [Ru(bipy)3](BArf6)2 (95%). All of these salts are isolated as hydrates and exhibit toluene/PFMC partition coefficients of ≤1:≥99, establishing that the anion BArf6(-) can efficiently transport polar polycations into highly nonpolar fluorous phases. When equal volumes of CH2Cl2 and PFMC are charged with the "nonfluorous" BArf (B(3,5-C6H3-(CF3)2)4) salt [Co(en)3](BArf)3 and 3.0 equiv of the fluorous salt NaBArf6, the cobalt trication partitions predominantly into the fluorous phase (64:36). The arene 2 crystallizes in a polar space group (tetragonal, I4, Z = 8) with fluorous and nonfluorous domains and all eight bromine atoms located essentially on one face of the unit cell.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF THE 1964 ALASKAN TSUNAMI

Tsunamis are long-period water waves usually generated by earthquakes. They occur predominantly in the Pacific Ocean and can produce massive inundation and destruction. The last major tsunami that seriously impacted the United States was the 1964 Alaskan tsunami. This tsunami was generated in Alaska and caused damage in Alaska, the Hawaiian Islands, and on the west coast of the continental United States. It is the most documented of all tsunamis and the only tsunami for which there is information on the ground motion that generated the tsunami. Numerical models have been used to simulate tsunami generation and propagation. A numerical simulation of the 1964 Alaskan tsunami that included deep ocean propagation was performed by Hwang et al. (1) and a comparison was made with a deep water gage at Wake Island. Houston (2) performed a numerical simulation of this tsunami including both deep ocean and nearshore propagation in the Hawaiian Islands and presented comparisons with tide gage recordings. Although Houston (2) demonstrated the ability of numerical models to propagate tsunamis from source regions to distant shorelines, the Hawaiian Islands considered in his simulation have a very short continental shelf and the conclusions of his study might not be applicable to typical continental areas that have significantly longer continental shelves.
Nontraumatic necrosis of bone (osteonecrosis).

ALTHOUGH osteonecrosis, the in situ death of a segment of bone, has been recognized since the early part of this century, it still presents challenges to the biologist, the physician in the applied...
Evolvement of Organization of Attack Team Based on Pi-Calculus

The cooperative air combat mission was dissolved according to the combat phase and combat mission type based on the features of air combat.A combat team organization,which is based on structure and combat mission and has a centralize-distribution command control relation,was proposed.A method of the dynamic evolvement of the team organization based on Pi-calculus was developed,which includes the mission role assignment,role maintaining,role change,and role conflict coordination etc..By this way,the organization of the team and the mission role of each fighter in the combat team can be adjusted according to combat situation,combat mission and the survival capability of the each fighter etc.,so that the fighter in the team can attack enemy targets in cooperation with others effectively.
Secant-Like Algorithms and Generalized Fractional Calculus

We present local and semilocal convergence results for secant-like algorithms in order to approximate a locally unique solution of a nonlinear equation in a Banach space setting.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of 1α,25-Dihydroxy-18-norvitamin D3 and 1α,25-Dihydroxy-18,19-dinorvitamin D3

1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy-18-norvitamin D3 and 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy-18,19-dinorvitamin D3 were prepared via Wittig-Horner coupling of 25-hydroxy-18-nor Grundmann type ketone with the corresponding A-ring phosphine oxides. Configuration at C-13 in the 18-nor Grundmann type alcohol (C,D-ring synthon), obtained by oxidative degradation of vitamin D3, was determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy and molecular mechanics calculations. Additional proof of the assigned trans-C/D-junction of the key intermediate 18-nor Grundmann type ketone follows from its chiroptical properties (circular dichroism data) and further chemical transformations. 1 alpha, 25-Dihydroxy-18-norvitamin D3 was found more potent than 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in binding to the porcine intestinal vitamin D receptor (5-10x), in differentiation of HL-60 cells (5-10x), and in inhibition of HL-60 proliferation. 1 alpha, 25-Dihydroxy-18, 19-dinorvitamin D3 appeared equally active as 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in these activities. In vivo, 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy-18-norvitamin D3 was only slightly less active than 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in intestinal calcium transport and bone calcium mobilization, while 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy-18,19-dinorvitamin D3 showed activities 10 times lower. These studies imply that deletion of C-18 does not impair activity of analogs of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
How e-tailing attributes affect perceived quality: The potential impact of customer demographics and online behaviors

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report results from an experimental study in which participants rank e-tailer quality on the basis of descriptions involving five attributes (reputation of retailer, site usability, security, delivery and customer support). The paper further explores how the relative importance of these attributes to perceived e-tailer quality is impacted by customer demographic and behavioral characteristics (such as gender, age, frequency of online purchasing and use of online reviews). Design/methodology/approach – Individual-level conjoint models are estimated to determine the relative importance of these five attributes to perceptions of e-tailer quality. Findings – The relative importance of these five attributes to perceived e-tailer quality are impacted by customer specific characteristics and online behaviors, namely, age, the frequency of prior online purchasing, the frequency of use of online reviews and the importance attached to the availability of a large number of o...
Non-homologous end joining repair in Xenopus egg extract.

Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is a major DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair mechanism. We characterized here a series of plasmid-based DSB templates that were repaired in Xenopus egg extracts via the canonical, Ku-dependent NHEJ pathway. We showed that the template with compatible ends was efficiently repaired without end processing, in a manner that required the kinase activity of DNA-PKcs but not ATM. Moreover, non-compatible ends with blunt/3′-overhang, blunt/5′-overhang and 3′-overhang/5′-overhang were predominantly repaired with fill-in and ligation without the removal of end nucleotides. In contrast, 3′-overhang/3′-overhang and 5′-overhang/5′-overhang templates were processed by resection of 3–5 bases and fill-in of 1–4 bases prior to end ligation. Therefore, the NHEJ machinery exhibited a strong preference for precise repair; the presence of neither non-compatible ends nor protruding single strand DNA sufficiently warranted the action of nucleases. ATM was required for the efficient repair of all non-compatible ends including those repaired without end processing by nucleases, suggesting its role beyond phosphorylation and regulation of Artemis. Finally, dephosphorylation of the 5′-overhang/3′-overhang template reduced the efficiency of DNA repair without increasing the risk of end resection, indicating that end protection via prompt end ligation is not the sole mechanism that suppresses the action of nucleases.
Implementing the Extended Model of Learning

The Center for Active Learning (CAL) — which at present serves as the vehicle for learning-in-community projects for our students — was established in response to a need. The demand for consulting help from public institutions and CBOs in the area had increased significantly since 1991, when the idea of learning-in-community was first tried out. Student demand for hands-on ICT consulting opportunities had grown as well, so much so that it made sense to develop some kind of formal structure to administer the growing number of projects. Looking back now at the path that led to CAL and CITI, it seems as though it almost created itself. The flow from conception to realization was surprisingly quick.
Polarization independent resonant bandstop filters using 1D periodic layers with asymmetric profiles

We demonstrate polarization independent guided-mode resonance bandstop filters utilizing nondegenrate leaky modes excited with light at normal incidence. Narrowband and wideband filters are obtained by controlling the grating profile and modulation strength.
Evaluating the Barrier Effect of a Major Highway on Movement and Gene Flow of the Northern Flying Squirrel

Life history theory predicts that individuals face physiological tradeoffs between current and future reproduction. These tradeoffs ultimately lead to reproductive costs which can affect survival, fecundity, condition of the female and offspring survival. Reproduction itself is costly and involves a number of sequential physiological processes that require different levels of energetic investment. In mammalian species gestation and lactation require the most energy and energy expenditure during these times is a characteristic of females and can vary among individuals. Mass measurements, used to quantify pre- and post-partum maternal investment, were collected from 887 Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) pups at parturition and throughout lactation in Erebus Bay, Antarctica during the 2002 through 2010 field seasons. Preliminary analysis demonstrated high individual variation in pup mass within a season and modest variation among seasons suggesting that pup mass may be affected more by individual animal attributes than annual variation in environmental conditions. This variation in maternal investment was investigated using maternal traits taken from the long term database. We found that maternal traits have different affects on pup mass at different stages of investment. Maternal age and birth date were found to be influential on pre- and post-partum investment along with age at first reproduction on pre-natal investment and breeding status the previous year on post-natal investment. The variation in the influence of maternal traits on maternal investment may be due to the increased energy requirement of lactation and reproductive costs that females accrue throughout their lifetime.
SVAtools for junction detection of genome-wide chromosomal rearrangements by mate-pair sequencing (MPseq).

Mate-pair sequencing (MPseq), using long-insert, paired-end genomic libraries, is a powerful next-generation sequencing-based approach for the detection of genomic structural variants. SVAtools is a set of algorithms to detect both chromosomal rearrangements and large (>10 kb) copy number variants (CNVs) in genome-wide MPseq data. SVAtools can also predict gene disruptions and gene fusions, and characterize the genomic structure of complex rearrangements. To illustrate the power of SVAtools' junction detection methods to provide comprehensive molecular karyotypes, MPseq data were compared against a set of samples previously characterized by traditional cytogenetic methods. Karyotype, FISH and chromosomal microarray (CMA), performed for 29 patients in a clinical laboratory setting, collectively revealed 285 breakpoints in 87 rearrangements. The junction detection methods of SVAtools detected 87% of these breakpoints compared to 48%, 42% and 57% for karyotype, FISH and CMA respectively. Breakpoint resolution was also reported to 1 kb or less and additional genomic rearrangement complexities not appreciable by standard cytogenetic techniques were revealed. For example, 63% of CNVs detected by CMA were shown by SVAtools' junction detection to occur secondary to a rearrangement other than a simple deletion or tandem duplication. SVAtools with MPseq provides comprehensive and accurate whole-genome junction detection with improved breakpoint resolution, compared to karyotype, FISH, and CMA combined. This approach to molecular karyotyping offers considerable diagnostic potential for the simultaneous detection of both novel and recurrent genomic rearrangements in hereditary and neoplastic disorders.
Local Electronic Structure Changes in Polycrystalline CdTe with CdCl2 Treatment and Air Exposure.

Postdeposition CdCl2 treatment of polycrystalline CdTe is known to increase the photovoltaic device efficiency. However, the precise chemical, structural, and electronic changes that underpin this improvement are still debated. In this study, spectroscopic photoemission electron microscopy was used to spatially map the vacuum level and ionization energy of CdTe films, enabling the identification of electronic structure variations between grains and grain boundaries (GBs). In vacuo preparation and inert transfer of oxide-free CdTe surfaces isolated the separate effects of CdCl2 treatment and ambient oxygen exposure. Qualitatively, grain boundaries displayed lower work function and downward band bending relative to grain interiors, but only after air exposure of CdCl2-treated CdTe. Analysis of numerous space charge regions at grain boundaries showed an average depletion width of 290 nm and an average band bending magnitude of 70 meV, corresponding to a GB trap density of 1011 cm–2 and a net carrier density ...
Socrates and Compensatory Justice

It appears that the vast philosophical literature on Plato and Socrates has produced nothing of substance on the topic of compensatory justice. This chapter sets forth what Plato’s Socrates says about compensatory justice, and it would appear that what Socrates articulates is rather generally consistent with contemporary U.S. law on the matter. Virtue ethicists seemed to have ignored such facts present in the Platonic corpus.
Mobilization of Seed Indole-3-Acetic Acid Reserves During Germination

Seeds contain conjugates of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the gibberellins, the cytokinins, and abscisic acid. Hormones other than IAA will not be reviewed in this work and have, been reviewed elsewhere (e.g. Ref. 2). In addition, seeds contain auxins other than IAA as, for example, phenylacetic acid2 and the 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid of Gander and Nitsch et al, Marumo et al, and Engvild et al, and have been previously reviewed2–4 and will not be considered here. Further, the bulk of this work will be addressed to the seedling of Zea mays since this has been the major subject of our research. It is hoped that by means of these omissions that greater attention and concentration may be centered on the many mysteries and uncertainties concerning the seed as a source of IAA for the growing vegetative tissue of the shoot. The greatest mysteries, of course, are those that have frequently been mentioned throughout this volume including how the shoot “tells” the seed at what rate the reserves should be mobilized and transported, and in the case of the monocotyledonous seedling how materials are moved from the endosperm into the scutellum, from the scutellum into the vascular stele, and from the stele into the vegetative tissue. We can only allude to these important determinants of the early stages of shoot growth in the hope they receive further attention. In the spirit of this belief I hope you will tolerate an introduction that is almost as long as the body of the text.
Analysis of Hop Components by Ion Exchange Chromatography. I. Hops and Hop Extracts

(1971). Analysis of Hop Components by Ion Exchange Chromatography. I. Hops and Hop Extracts. Proceedings. Annual meeting - American Society of Brewing Chemists: Vol. 29, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting 1971, pp. 246-254.
Porf-2 = Arhgap39 = Vilse: A Pivotal Role in Neurodevelopment, Learning and Memory

Small GTP-converting enzymes, GTPases, are essential for the efficient completion of many physiological and developmental processes. They are regulated by GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Arhgap39, also known as preoptic regulatory factor-2 (Porf-2) or Vilse, a member of the Rho GAP group, was first identified in 1990 in the rat CNS. It has since been shown to regulate apoptosis, cell migration, neurogenesis, and cerebral and hippocampal dendritic spine morphology. It plays a pivotal role in neurodevelopment and learning and memory. Homologous or orthologous genes are found in more than 280 vertebrate and invertebrate species, suggesting preservation through evolution. Not surprisingly, loss of the Arhgap39/Porf-2 gene in mice manifests as an embryonic lethal condition. Although Arhgap39/Porf-2 is highly expressed in the brain, it is also widely distributed throughout the body, with potential additional roles in oncogenesis and morphogenesis. This review summarizes, for the first time, the known information about this gene under its various names, in addition to considering its transcripts and proteins. The majority of findings described have been made in rats, mice, humans, and fruit flies. This work surveys the known functions, functional mediators, variables modifying expression and upstream regulators of expression, and potential physiological and pathological roles of Arhgap39/Porf-2 in health and disease.
Neuroendocrine carcinoma of luminal gastrointestinal tract.

e16186Background: Neuroendocrine Carcinoma(NEC)of gastrointestinal tract is very rare and an aggressive variant of neuroendocrine tumor. The purpose of this study was to assess the disease characte...
The Prospects for Photonic Integrated Circuits Based on Thin Film 2-Dimensional Photonic Crystals

By analogy with electron waves in crystals; electromagnetic waves in photonic crystals can have: 1. reciprocal space 2. Brillouin zones 3. dispersion relations 4. (electromagnetic) Bloch wave functions 5. (photonic) band gaps 6. Effective mass 7. Van Hove singularities
Voting: Rejoinder to Casey, McElroy, Ward, Pugsley, Konkin and Barnett

There is a debate within the libertarian intellectual community regarding the legitimacy of voting in democratic elections. Critics say that such behavior is incompatible with this doctrine. The present paper defends voting from a libertarian perspective. It is an attempted refutation of the views on this matter of Casey, McElroy, Ward, Pugsley, Konkin and Barnett.
How to Design Carbon Dividends

A robust carbon tax would generate considerable revenue. Some carbon tax advocates have suggested returning those revenues to Americans through direct payments, often called carbon dividends. We examine how to design these dividends considering two, sometimes conflicting, principles. Carbon dividends can be viewed as shared income from a communal property right, much as Alaskans share in income from the state’s oil resources. Dividends can also be viewed as rebating the carbon tax back to consumers. These views often have different implications for designing carbon dividends. Political and practical considerations are also important. With that in mind, we propose a carbon dividend design that combines beneficial features from both the communal property and tax rebate views.
Built-in Self-Test for Inter-Layer Vias in Monolithic 3D ICs

Monolithic 3D integration provides massive vertical integration through the use of nanoscale inter-layer vias (ILVs). However, high integration density and aggressive scaling of the inter-layer dielectric make ILVs especially prone to defects. We present a low-cost built-in self-test (BIST) method to detect opens, stuck-at faults (SAFs), and bridging faults (shorts) in ILVs. Two test patterns-all-1s and all-0s-are applied to the input side of a set of ILVs (e.g., making up a bus between two tiers). On the adjacent tier (the output side of the ILVs), the test responses are compacted to a 2-bit signature through space compaction. We prove that this compaction solution does not introduce any fault aliasing. Simulations results using HSPICE and M3D benchmark designs show that the proposed BIST method requires low area overhead and test time, but provides effective fault localization and the detectability of a wide range of resistive faults.
Pollen-derived RNAs Are Found in the Human Circulation.

Summary The presence of nonhuman RNAs in man has been questioned and it is unclear if food-derived miRNAs cross into the circulation. In a large population study, we found nonhuman miRNAs in plasma by RNA sequencing and validated a small number of pine-pollen miRNAs by RT-qPCR in 2,776 people. The presence of these pine-pollen miRNAs associated with hay fever and not with overt cardiovascular or pulmonary disease. Using in vivo and in vitro models, we found that transmission of pollen-miRNAs into the circulation occurs via pulmonary transfer and this transfer was mediated by platelet-pulmonary vascular cell interactions and platelet pollen-DNA uptake. These data demonstrate that pollen-derived plant miRNAs can be horizontally transferred into the circulation via the pulmonary system in humans. Although these data suggest mechanistic plausibility for pulmonary-mediated plant-derived miRNA transfer into the human circulation, our large observational cohort data do not implicate major disease or risk factor association.
Writing Instruction for Students with Learning Disabilities: Quality Appraisal of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Purpose: Students with learning disabilities (LD) often struggle to initiate writing tasks and have difficulty devoting sufficient resources to complete written compositions. Educators must determi...
A Review of Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy in Endometrial Cancer

Approximately 30% of primary endometrial cancers are microsatellite instability high/hypermutated (MSI-H), and 13% to 30% of recurrent endometrial cancers are MSI-H or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR). Given the presence of immune dysregulation in endometrial cancer as described, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has been explored as a therapeutic mechanism, both as monotherapy and in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy, other immunotherapy, or targeted agents. In MSI-H or dMMR advanced endometrial cancers, PD-1 inhibitors dostarlimab and pembrolizumab have shown response rates of 49% and 57%, respectively, whereas PD-L1 inhibitors avelumab and durvalumab have shown response rates of 27% and 43%, respectively. In microsatellite stable (MSS) or PD-L1-positive advanced endometrial cancers, modest activity of PD-1 inhibitors nivolumab and dostarlimab and PD-L1 inhibitors atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab has been seen, with response rates ranging from 3% to 23%. Based on substantial activity in a phase Ib/II study, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted lenvatinib and pembrolizumab combination therapy accelerated approval in 2019 for the treatment of advanced endometrial cancer that is not MSI-H or dMMR and has progressed following prior therapy. Although these developments have been highly impactful, a more robust understanding of the molecular and immunologic drivers of response and resistance will be critical to optimally design next-generation studies in endometrial cancer.
Immune cell extracellular vesicles and their mitochondrial content decline with ageing.

Although the mechanisms of action are not fully understood, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key indicators and effectors of immune function. Characterizing circulating EVs associated with stem and immune cells across the lifespan of healthy individuals could aid an understanding of immunosenescence, a process of age-related decline of cells in both adaptive and innate immune systems. Using high resolution multicolor flow cytometry, we identified three major subsets of EVs of varying sizes in healthy control (HC) plasma. Multiple plasma EVs associated with immune cells declined with ageing in HCs. In addition, we observed age-associated declines of respiring mitochondria cargo in EVs of several types of immune cells, suggesting that these parent cells may experience a decline in mitophagy or a mitochondrial dysfunction-induced immunosenescence. By contrast, the number of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell-associated EVs were high and carried respiring mitochondria, which did not decline with age. As demonstrated here, multicolor flow cytometry simultaneously measures plasma EV size, surface markers and cargo that reflect biological processes of specific cell types. The distinct surface markers and cytokine cargo of plasma EVs suggest that they may carry different bio-messages and originate by different biogenesis pathways.
Leveraging Tools from Autonomous Navigation for Rapid, Robust Neuron Connectivity

As biological imaging datasets continue to grow in size, extracting information from large image volumes presents a computationally intensive challenge. State-of-the-art algorithms are almost entirely dominated by the use of convolutional neural network approaches that may be difficult to run at scale given schedule, cost, and resource limitations. We demonstrate a novel solution for high-resolution electron microscopy brain image volumes that permits the identification of individual neurons and synapses. Instead of conventional approaches whereby voxels are labelled according to the neuron or neuron segment to which they belong, we instead focus on extracting the underlying brain graph represented by synaptic connections between individual neurons while also identifying key features like skeleton similarity and path length. This graph represents a critical step and scaffold for understanding the structure of neuronal circuitry. Our approach recasts the segmentation problem to one of path-finding between keypoints (i.e., connectivity) in an information sharing framework using virtual agents. We create a family of sensors which follow local decision-making rules that perform computationally cheap operations on potential fields to perform tasks such as avoiding cell membranes and finding synapses. These enable a swarm of virtual agents to efficiently and robustly traverse three-dimensional datasets, create a sparse segmentation of pathways, and capture connectivity information. We achieve results that meet or exceed state-of-the-art performance at a substantially lower computational cost. This tool offers a categorically different approach to connectome estimation that can augment how we extract connectivity information at scale. Our method is generalizable and may be extended to biomedical imaging problems such as tracing the bronchial trees in lungs or road networks in natural images.
Gases and trace elements in soils at the North Silver Bell deposit, Pima County, Arizona — Reply

Abstract Soil samples were collected over the North Silver Bell porphyry copper deposit near Tucson, Arizona. Volatile elements and compounds in gases derived from the soils and metallic elements in the soils were analyzed in order: (1) to see which volatile constituents of the soils might be indicative of the ore body or the alteration zones; and (2) to distinguish the ore and alteration zones by comparison of trace elements in the soil. Plots of analytical data on trace elements in soils indicated a typical distribution pattern for metals around a porphyry copper deposit, with copper, molybdenum, and arsenic concentrations higher over the ore body, and zinc, lead, and silver concentrations higher over the alteration zones. Higher than average concentrations of helium, carbon disulfide, and sulfur dioxide adsorbed on soils were found over the ore body, whereas higher concentrations of carbon dioxide and carbonyl sulfide were found over the alteration zones.
Brief of Amicus Curiae Kristin E. Hickman In Support of Petitioners, CIC Services, LLC v. Internal Revenue Service, et al., No. 19-930 (U.S. Supreme Court)

This amicus brief was filed before the United States Supreme Court in CIC Services, LLC v. Internal Revenue Service, No. 19-930, supporting the petitioners on the merits. The issue in the case is whether the Anti-Injunction Act, 26 U.S.C. s. 7421(a), precludes pre-enforcement judicial review of Administrative Procedure Act challenges against Treasury and IRS rules and regulations -- specifically in this case, IRS Notice 2016-66. Building on previous scholarship, the brief argues that statutory text, history, and purpose support a narrow interpretation of the Anti-Injunction Act that harmonizes with the Administrative Procedure Act and allows pre-enforcement judicial review.
Case and review: Cutaneous involvement by chronic neutrophilic leukemia vs Sweet syndrome- A diagnostic dilemma.

Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is a rare leukemia with approximately 150 total cases reported. Cutaneous neutrophilic infiltrates, including Sweet syndrome (SS) and leukemia cutis (LC), have been reported in six patients with CNL. In the setting of CNL, these two conditions are difficult to differentiate due to clinical and histological similarities, but it is important to do so because leukemia cutis is associated with a worse prognosis. In general, Sweet syndrome is distinguished by its tenderness, fever, and improvement with steroids (vs chemotherapy for LC). Biopsy of LC reveals immature leukocytes, whereas SS shows almost exclusively mature leukocytes, but morphology alone may not be sufficient in some cases. Here we report a case of a 72-year-old male with CNL and a cutaneous eruption with clinical and pathologic features which made the distinction between the two diseases difficult. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Identification of OFDM-Based Radios Under Rayleigh Fading Using RF-DNA and Deep Learning

The Internet of Things (IoT) is here and has permeated every aspect of our lives. A disturbing fact is that the majority of all IoT devices employ weak or no encryption at all. This coupled with recent advances within the areas of computational power and deep learning has increased interest in Specific Emitter Identification (SEI) as an effective means of IoT security. Deep learning is capable of in-situ extraction of discriminating features, making it well suited to discrimination of wireless transmitters without the need for feature engineering. However, the accuracy of the deep learning model is adversely affected by time-varying channel conditions. The time-varying nature is attributed to the mobility of the transmitter, receiver, objects within the operations environment, or combinations thereof. This can result in the channel conditions changing faster than the deep learning algorithm is capable of handling. This paper assesses deep learning–based SEI using waveforms that undergo Rayleigh fading, as well as channel estimation and equalization, prior to being input into a deep learning algorithm.
Associations of serum cytokines and chemokines with the risk of incident cancer in a prospective rheumatoid arthritis cohort

Abstract Objectives We aimed to assess whether serum cytokine/chemokine concentrations predict incident cancer in RA patients. Methods Data from cancer-free enrollees in the Veterans Affairs Rheumatoid Arthritis (VARA) Registry were linked to a national VA oncology database and the National Death Index (NDI) to identify incident cancers. Seventeen serum cytokines/chemokines were measured from enrollment serum and an overall weighted cytokine/chemokine score (CK score) was calculated. Associations of cytokines/chemokines with all-site, lung, and lymphoproliferative cancers were assessed in Cox regression models accounting for relevant covariates including age, sex, RA disease activity, and smoking. Results In 1216 patients, 146 incident cancers (42 lung and 23 lymphoproliferative cancers) occurred over 10,072 patient-years of follow-up with a median time of 4.6 years from enrollment (cytokine/chemokine measurement) to cancer incidence. In fully adjusted models, CK score was associated with a higher risk of all-site (aHR 1.32, 95% CI 1.01–1.71, p Conclusion Elevated cytokine/chemokine concentrations are predictive of future cancer in RA patients, particularly lung and lymphoproliferative cancers. These results suggest that the measurement of circulating cytokines/chemokines could be informative in cancer risk stratification and could provide insight into future cancer prevention strategies in RA, and possibly individuals without RA.
Winter roosting ecology of tricolored bats ( Perimyotis subflavus ) in trees and bridges

Tricolored bats (Perimyotis subflavus) that roost in subterranean hibernacula have experienced precipitous declines from white-nose syndrome (WNS); however, understudied populations also use during winter non-subterranean roosts such as tree cavities, bridges, and foliage. Our objectives were to determine winter roost use by tricolored bats in an area devoid of subterranean roosts, determine roost microclimates to relate them to growth requirements of the fungal causal agent of WNS, and determine habitat factors influencing winter tree selection. From November to March 2017–2019, we used radiotelemetry to track 15 bats to their day roosts in the upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina and recorded microclimates in accessible tree cavities and bridges. We also characterized habitat and tree characteristics of 24 used trees and 153 random, available trees and used discrete choice models to determine selection. Roost structures included I-beam bridges, cavities in live trees, and foliage. Bridges were warmer and less humid than cavities. Roost temperatures often were amenable to fungal growth (< 19.5°C) but fluctuated widely depending on ambient temperatures. Bats used bridges on colder days (8.7°C ± 5.0 SD) and trees on warmer days (11.3°C ± 5.4). Bats selected low-decay trees closer to streams in areas with high canopy closure and cavity abundance. Bats also appeared to favor hardwood forests and avoid pine forests. Our results suggest that access to multiple roost microclimates might be important for tricolored bats during winter, and forest management practices that retain live trees near streams and foster cavity formation in hardwood forests likely will benefit this species. Our results also suggest tricolored bats using bridge and tree roosts might be less susceptible to WNS than bats using subterranean hibernaculum roosts. Thus, forests in areas without subterranean hibernacula in the southeastern United States that support bats during winter might represent important refugia from WNS for multiple species.
Preparing Students for Drone Careers Using Active Learning Instruction

The exponential growth in the adoption of drones in various industrial applications has created a demand for professionals experienced in designing, programming, operating, and piloting drones. This paper reports on an active learning-based instructional approach that prepares students for careers in the drone industry. The approach focuses on three foundational pillars of drone careers: 1) drone programming using Python, 2) designing and fabricating drones using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and rapid prototyping, and 3) the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Part 107 Commercial small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (sUAVs) pilot test. The approach was implemented and refined over four semesters in an undergraduate class attended by engineering and computer science students at a research institution located in the United States. A case study approach using multiple assessment methods was implemented to examine students’ gains in skills and knowledge and attitudes towards an active learning-based approach for drone education. Assessment methods included direct formative (FAA quizzes and programming assignments), direct summative (capstone project), indirect quantitative (survey of learning gains), and indirect qualitative (focus group interviews and capstone project process videos) tools. Assessment results noted in this paper indicate that students were actively engaged during the course and made positive gains in their learning outcomes.
Sex differences in the response to neonatal steroid treatment in the Mongolian gerbil

The present study examines whether genetic male and female gerbils differ in response to neonatal steroid treatment as evidenced by the display of sexually dimorphic territorial marking behavior in adulthood. The advantage of this behavioral endpoint is that male and female marking differs only in frequency, permitting direct between-sex comparison of neonatal treatment effects. Females and day-2 castrated males received a single SC injection of 10 to 100 micrograms testosterone propionate (TP) or estradiol benzoate (EB) between birth and day-14 postpartum. Between 7 and 9 months of age, the territorial marking behavior response to exogenous TP was determined in all animals. Based on marking frequency, the time of greatest sensitivity to TP administered during the critical neonatal period occurred earlier in the male (days 3-5) than in the female (days 5-7). In addition females consistently showed greater sensitivity to a given dose of either TP or EB than did males. EB was more effective than TP at the 10 micrograms dose in both sexes. These results indicate that sex differences exist in timing and steroid sensitivity in the sexual differentiation of the neural substrate regulating territorial marking behavior.
Fibrillar nucleolar remnants do not contain macromolecular precursors of ribosomal RNA: Demonstration by the effects of d-galactosamine

Abstract Administration of d -galactosamine to rats produces inhibition of liver nuclear RNA synthesis and associated alterations in the structure of the nucleolus. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of liver nuclear RNA from galactosamine-treated rats has shown the virtual complete absence of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) precursor molecules at a time when the nucleolus consists solely of a dense fibrillar core devoid of granules. No evidence for an artefactual, preferential breakdown of nuclear RNA during extraction could be obtained from either 2.7 or 8% acrylamide gels. Furthermore, the almost complete cessation of nuclear RNA synthesis makes the possibility of there being rapid synthesis and degradation of ribosomal precursor molecules in vivo unlikely. With toluidine blue stains for RNA with nuclei isolated from galactosamine-treated animals, the large, brightly staining area associated with the normal nucleolus was not seen. On the basis of these observations, it is concluded that an RNA-depleted nucleolus appears fibrillar. It is suggested that the fibrillar material of a normal nucleolus may not itself be RNA even though this region does contain RNA precursor molecules.
Cyclic nucleotides regulate collagen production by human intestinal smooth muscle cells

Abstract The effect of cyclic nucleotides on collagen production by human intestinal smooth muscle cells was examined in vitro. Cholera toxin and isobutyl-methylxanthine, agents that elevate cyclic adenosine monophosphate, caused selective inhibition of collagen production when cells were exposed to these agents for 24–72 h. Exposure for 6 h inhibited noncollagen protein synthesis without effects on collagen production. Forskolin similarly inhibited collagen production, decreasing relative collagen synthesis 40% at 10 μM and 60% at 100 μM. After 48 h of exposure to cholera toxin and isobutylmethylxanthine, levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate had increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The effect of cyclic nucleotide analogues was also examined. Dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate inhibited collagen production, whereas dibutyryl cyclic guanosine monophosphate increased collagen production by 65%. This effect was maximal at a concentration of 10 μM. These observations suggest that cyclic adenosine monophosphate has a significant effect on collagen production by human intestinal smooth muscle cells in vitro and may play a role in the modulation of collagen production by these cells in vivo.
Swarm Filtering Procedure and Application to MRI Mammography

Research on swarming has primarily focused on applying swarming behavior with physics–derived or ad–hoc models to tasks requiring collective intelligence in robotics and optimization. In contrast, applications in signal processing are still lacking. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of biologically–inspired swarm methods for signal filtering. The signal, in the case of images the grayscale value of the pixels along a line in the image, is modeled by the trajectory of an agent playing the role of the prey for a swarm of hunting agents. The swarm hunting the prey is the system performing the signal processing. The movement of the center of mass of the swarm represents the filtered signal. The position of the center of mass of the swarm during the virtual hunt is reverted into grayscale values and represents the output signal. We show results of applying the swarm–based signal processing method to MRI mammographies
Splicing systems and molecular processes

The splicing system concept and its history are reviewed. A proposed laboratory splicing scheme is discussed. This scheme has suggested that splicing schemes be regarded as specifying not only languages, but also dynamical systems. As an example of a new formal result on splicing languages, a theorem is stated that characterizes those regular languages that are generated by splicing systems which require only one-sided context. The theorem provides an algorithm for deciding whether any arbitrary regular language can be so generated.
Competition in stereotyped domains: Competition, social comparison, and stereotype threat

The current work examines a novel and specific way in which competition can hurt the performance of negatively stereotyped individuals: by evoking stereotype threat. In four experiments, we demonstrate that women's underperformance in math when primed with competition was due to feeling worried about confirming negative stereotypes about women's math ability (i.e., stereotype threat), that the activation of negative performance stereotypes for women primed with competition was due to increased group-level social comparisons (i.e., comparing the self with men and women), and that priming competition led men to perform more poorly than women in a domain where they are negatively stereotyped (i.e., verbal ability). This research suggests that priming people with competition in contexts where they are negatively stereotyped leads to greater social comparison, activation of negative stereotypes, and concern about confirming these stereotypes, thereby decreasing stereotyped individuals' performance in the stereotyped domain. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A meanfield approach to the thermodynamics of a protein‐solvent system with application to the oligomerization of the tumor suppressor p53

The thermodynamic stability and oligomerization status of the tumor suppressor p53 tetramerization domain have been studied experimentally and theoretically. A series of hydrophilic mutations at Met-340 and Leu-344 of human p53 were designed to disrupt the hydrophobic dimer-dimer interface of the tetrameric oligomerization domain of p53. Meanfield calculations of the free energy of the solvated mutants as a function of interdimer distance were compared with experimental data on the thermal stability and oligomeric state [tetramer, dimer, or equilibrium mixture of both] of each mutant. The calculations predicted a decreasing stability and oligomeric state for the following amino acids at residue 340: Met [tetramer] > Ser Asp, His, Gln, > Glu, Lys [dimer], whereas the experimental results showed the following order: Met [tetramer] > Ser > Gln > His, Lys > Asp, Glu [dimers]. For residue 344, the calculated trend was Leu [tetramer] > Ala > Arg, Gln, Lys [dimer], and the experimental trend was Leu [tetramer] > Ala, Arg, Gln, Lys [dimer]. The discrepancy for the lysine side chain at residue 340 is attributed to the dual nature of lysine, both hydrophobic and charged. The incorrect prediction of stability of the mutant with Asp at residue 340 is attributed to the fact that within the meanfield approach, we use the wild-type backbone configuration for all mutants, but low melting temperatures suggest a softening of the α-helices at the dimer-dimer interface. This initial application of meanfield theory toward a protein-solvent system is encouraging for the application of the theoretical model to more complex systems.
Stimulation of [3H]leucine incorporation into protein by estradiol-17β or progesterone in brain tissues of ovariectomized guinea pigs

Stimulation of tritiated-leucine incorporation into protein by estradiol-17beta or progesterone in brain tissues of ovariectomized guinea pigs was studied. 10-14 days postovariectomy guinea pigs were given 1.67-1 or 6.67-mcg estradiol benzoate 50-1 or 200-mcg progesterone 1.67-mcg estradiol benzoate plus 200-mcg progesterone or .1-ml oil vehicle subcutaneously (sc). 4 or 24 hours later females received sc 8-mcCi tritiated-leucine/100gm body weight (specific activity 42 Ci/mmole). 90 minutes later the animals were etherized and the hypothalamus mesencephalon cerebral cortex uterus diaphragm and blood plasma were analyzed for leucine incorportion into protein. 24-hour exposure to both dosages of estradiol benzoate significantly (p greater than .05) stimulated incorporation of tritiated-leucine into protein in all brain tissues and in the uterus but not in the kiaphragm or plasma. 4-hour exposure to 200-mcg progesterone significantly (p greater than .05) increased tritiated incorporation into protein of brain tissue only. Combined treatment resulted in a synergistic effect on leucine incorporation in the uterus but not in any of the brain tissues.
Assessment of modified surface temperatures and solar reflectance using meteorological satellite and aircraft data

Abstract Changes in surface temperature resulting from the activities of man are evaluated using meteorological satellite (NOAA and HCMM) and aircraft data. Study sites were located in Florida and Michigan. Thermal data showed that day surface temperatures over large areas could be increased by 10–15°C by modifications resulting from agricultural practices. Changes in reflected solar radiation as a function of agricultural practices were detectable using HCMM data.