cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gendering English: Sexuality, Gender and the Language of Desire in Western India, 1850–1940

British India’s first ‘native’-managed high school for Indian girls, the Poona Native Girls’ High School (PNHS), was inaugurated in 1884. The school was founded by proponents of women’s English-language education; it taught its pupils until the stage of the matriculation examination – a rite of passage otherwise synonymous with preparing ‘native’ men for government employment and certifying their acquisition of the English language.1 Despite the support of colonial and native elites, the school drew sharp attacks from those who opposed women’s English education. One of the most controversial of such criticisms was made in the play TaruniShikshanNatika.2 Primarily intended to lambaste the promiscuous ways ascribed to the school’s female students because of their desire to learn English, the play quoted an opponent of the new education for women as saying that he did not think that ‘women should be imprisoned at home in a burkha, but nor should they be allowed to participate in balls’.3 Implicitly elevating a belief in an immutable indigenous culture and Hindu brahminical patriarchy, these words characterised the larger struggle over signification ushered in by British colonial modernity. At the heart of the conflict was that ‘Indian women’ were learning ‘English’.4 But such rhetoric indicated a wider development – that the constitution of both gender and language in this period brought ideas of national culture and sexual difference into alliance. Drawing attention to the artifice of gender even as they sought to fix it, statements such as this formed instant identifications with the parallel process of distinguishing the English language from other, ‘indigenous’ languages. In this article, I argue that the process of ‘indigenising’ the English language in colonial India drew sustenance from the equally charged process of fixing sexual difference. Conversely, the project of locating indigenous women as the locus for sexual difference made ready and regular reference to the (emerging) hierarchy between ‘English’ and ‘indigenous’ languages. This article thus seeks to illustrate the details of the increasingly mutually reinforcing relationship between ‘Indian’ English and colonial gender regimes. Feminist historians of western India have demonstrated how the sexuality of the Hindu Brahmin woman was, at least from the eighteenth century, deployed to sanction
Dielectric and Piezoelectric Ceramics for High Temperature Applications

Perovskite materials have been widely embedded in many consumer and industrial electronics, both for capacitor applications in the case of dielectric materials, and for actuator, transducer and sensor applications in the case of piezoelectric materials. Functional devices used in high temperature environments, such as deep oil well instrumentation, geothermal exploration, and devices for aerospace applications require the persistence of materials’ properties at high temperatures. In this paper, high potential capacitor and piezoelectric ceramics for high temperature applications are presented. High dielectric constant (K) materials based on 0.8BaTiO3 – 0.2Bi(Zn1/2 Ti1/2 )O3 solid solutions have been shown to have superior properties for high temperature capacitor applications. Studies of the temperature dependence of the dielectric properties have shown that the composition with Ba vacancies exhibits a high relative permittivity (er > 1150) and a low dielectric loss (tan δ 20 s). In the case of high temperature piezoelectric ceramics, solid solutions of PbTiO3 – BiScO3 – Bi(M1/2 Ti1/2 )O3 ternary systems were studied, where M is Mg and Zn. The ratio of BiScO3 to Bi(M1/2 Ti1/2 )O3 was kept at 1:1, while the concentration of PbTiO3 was varied. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that tetragonal symmetry was observed in compositions which contain a high concentration of PbTiO3 (> 60 mol%). Evidence of a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) was observed with compositions containing PbTiO3 in the range of 52–56 mol%. At 70 mol% PbTiO3 compositions, high Curie temperatures (TC ) of 490 °C and 533 °C were observed for compositions containing Mg and Zn, respectively.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Overlapping Mental Representations of Self and In-Group: Reaction Time Evidence and Its Relationship with Explicit Measures of Group Identification☆

People's reports on their own traits are facilitated by matches with their in-group's perceived traits and inhibited by mismatches (Smith & Henry, 1996). This suggests that the cognitive representations of the self and in-group overlap. The current study extends this finding in two ways. First, the match/mismatch reaction time effect is found to extend to attitudes as well as to traits. Second, the size of the match/mismatch effect correlates positively with several explicit measures of group identification. The relationship between explicit and implicit measures of group identification, and the relevance of these findings for theories of group identification, are discussed.
Biomass and nitrogen traits of summer pigeon peas and winter wheat grown for three rotations in containers

Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] cultivars, ‘Georgia-1’ and ‘ICPL-87’, were grown without inoculation and with Bradyrhizobium inoculation (multistrain, TAL 1127, or TAL 1132) to evaluate legume dry weight (DW) and nitrogen (N) content, soil mineral N, and subsequent wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity. Pigeon peas were grown during summer and ‘TAM 101’ wheat was grown during winter, along with summer fallow controls fertilized with 0, 45, and 90 kg N ha− 1, in 36-cm diam. 20-L pots from 1992 to 1995. Representative pigeon peas were harvested in the fall and remaining plants were incorporated into the soil. Wheat was planted and soil cores were collected at 35 to 48 d after pigeon pea harvest. Wheat was harvested the following spring. Factors affecting DW and N content of both crops included length of growing season, environmental variation, and contribution of residual N. Among pigeon pea cultivars, Georgia-1 occasionally demonstrated higher DW and N content compared with ICPL-87. Estimation ...
Fine structure of fetal rat calvarium; provisional identification of preosteoclasts.

This is a study of the fine structure of cells of the 20-day fetal rat calvarium. Special attention is given to identifying and characterizing preosteoclasts. These cells are relatively common and located largely, but not exclusively, at the endocranial bone surface. The preosteoclasts are characterized by abundant mitochondria, an incomplete perinuclear Golgi apparatus, and variable-shaped dense granules. The dense granules are unique in appearance in that they contain an internal dense matrix surrounded by a clear halo. Most granules are circular in shape but some are elongate or tubular in form. Granules with identical appearance are observed in osteoclasts. The preosteoclasts are mononucleate, or occasionally binucleate. It is suggested that because preosteoclasts are morphologically distinctive and relatively abundant, it should be feasible to separate these cells from a heterogeneous cell isolate.
β-Mn[Fe(CN)6] — evidence for an interpenetrating ‘double-density’ Prussian blue structure

Abstract The reaction of [PPN]2[MnIV(CN)6]2− (PPN = [N(PPh3)2]+) with [Fe11(NCMe)4] [F3CSO3]2 in MeCN led to the isolation of β-Mn[Fe(CN)6] exhibiting a new type of powder diffraction pattern for Prussian blue structured materials. The pattern can be indexed to the Fm-3m (or Fm-3) space group with a = 5.55 A and Z = 8 , consistent with two interpenetrating 3-D Prussian blue-type network structures. The observed density is 2.7 (1) g cm−3 in accord with the expectation of 2.6 g cm−3 for the proposed interpenetrating structure.
The Relationship Between Cognitive Function and Life Space: The Potential Role of Personal Control Beliefs

We examined the relationship of cognitive and functional measures with life space (a measure of spatial mobility examining extent of movement within a person’s environment) in older adults, and investigated the potential moderating role of personal control beliefs. Internal control beliefs reflect feelings of competence and personal agency, while attributions of external control imply a more dependent or passive point of view. Participants were 2,737 adults from the ACTIVE study, with a mean age of 74 years. Females comprised 76% of the sample, with good minority representation (27% African American). In multiple regression models controlling for demographic factors, cognitive domains of memory, reasoning, and processing speed were significantly associated with life space (p<.001 for each), and reasoning ability appeared most predictive (B=.117). Measures of everyday function also showed significant associations with life space, independent from the traditional cognitive measures. Interactions between cognitive function and control beliefs were tested, and external control beliefs moderated the relationship between memory and life space, with the combination of high objective memory and low external control beliefs yielding the highest life space (t=−2.07; p=.039). In conclusion, older adults with better cognitive function have a larger overall life space. Performance-based measures of everyday function may also be useful in assessing the functional outcome of life space. Additionally, subjective external control beliefs may moderate the relationship between objective cognitive function and life space. Future studies examining the relationships between these factors longitudinally appear worthwhile to further elucidate the interrelationships of cognitive function, control beliefs, and life space.
NMR relaxation studies and internal molecular rotation in liquid nitromethane

Abstract Studies of the deuteron and proton relaxation rates of liquid nitromethane were made at various temperatures. The separation of the proton-proton intermolecular relaxation was accomplished by a dilution study in nitromethane- d 3 . It was found that the spin-rotation interaction contribution is discussed in terms of different models for the spin-internal and spin-overall rotation coupling. The resulting spin-rotation relaxation times offer evidence for large spin-rotation effects due to the internal rotation of the methyl group.
Control of Sister Chromatid Recombination by Histone H2AX

Histone H2AX has a role in suppressing genomic instability and cancer. However, the mechanisms by which it performs these functions are poorly understood. After DNA breakage, H2AX is phosphorylated on serine 139 in chromatin near the break. We show here that H2AX serine 139 enforces efficient homologous recombinational repair of a chromosomal double-strand break (DSB) by using the sister chromatid as a template. BRCA1, Rad51, and CHK2 contribute to recombinational repair, in part independently of H2AX. H2AX(-/-) cells show increased use of single-strand annealing, an error-prone deletional mechanism of DSB repair. Therefore, the chromatin response around a chromosomal DSB, in which H2AX serine 139 phosphorylation plays a central role, "shapes" the repair process in favor of potentially error-free interchromatid homologous recombination at the expense of error-prone repair. H2AX phosphorylation may help set up a favorable disposition between sister chromatids.
Distinguishing false from true alerts in Snort by data mining patterns of alerts

The Snort network intrusion detection system is well known for triggering large numbers of false alerts. In addition, it usually only warns of a potential attack without stating what kind of attack it might be. This paper presents a clustering approach for handling Snort alerts more effectively. Central to this approach is the representation of alerts using the Intrusion Detection Message Exchange Format, which is written in XML. All the alerts for each network session are assembled into a single XML document, thereby representing a pattern of alerts. A novel XML distance measure is proposed to obtain the distance between two such XML documents. A classical clustering algorithm, implemented based on this distance measure, is then applied to group the alert patterns into clusters. Our experiment with the MIT 1998 DARPA data sets demonstrates that the clustering algorithm can distinguish between normal sessions that give rise to false alerts and those sessions that contain real attacks, and in about half of the latter cases can effectively identify the name of the attack.
Comparative analysis of gene sets in the gene ontology space under the multiple hypothesis testing framework

The gene ontology (GO) resource can be used as a powerful tool to uncover the properties shared among, and specific to, a list of genes produced by high-throughput functional genomics studies, such as microarray studies. In the comparative analysis of several gene lists, researchers maybe interested in knowing which GO terms are enriched in one list of genes but relatively depleted in another. Statistical tests such as Fisher's exact test or Chi-square test can be performed to search for such GO terms. However, because multiple GO terms are tested simultaneously, individual p-values from individual tests do not serve as good indicators for picking GO terms. Furthermore, these multiple tests are highly correlated, usual multiple testing procedures that work under an independence assumption are not applicable. In this paper we introduce a procedure, based on false discovery rate (FDR), to treat this correlated multiple testing problem. This procedure calculates a moderately conserved estimator of q-value for every GO term. We identify the GO terms with q-values that satisfy a desired level as the significant GO terms. This procedure has been implemented into the GoSurfer software. GoSurfer is a windows based graphical data mining tool. It is freely available at http://www.gosurfer.org.
Seven Keys to a Successful ASCE Student Chapter or Club: Guide for Student Leaders and Faculty Advisors

ASCE student chapter and club activities are extremely valuable to the growth and development of undergraduate civil engineers in that they help develop teamwork, leadership, and project management skills. Student leaders and faculty advisors often need help and encouragement to improve their student chapter organizations or take them in new directions. This paper identifies seven key elements that are crucial for any successful student chapter or club. The importance of the seven keys is explained and tips are provided for proper inclusion of these elements. Finally, student leader survey results regarding the seven keys are presented and discussed.
Candidate genes, pathways and mechanisms for bipolar (manic–depressive) and related disorders: an expanded convergent functional genomics approach

Identifying genes for bipolar mood disorders through classic genetics has proven difficult. Here, we present a comprehensive convergent approach that translationally integrates brain gene expression data from a relevant pharmacogenomic mouse model (involving treatments with a stimulant--methamphetamine, and a mood stabilizer--valproate), with human data (linkage loci from human genetic studies, changes in postmortem brains from patients), as a bayesian strategy of crossvalidating findings. Topping the list of candidate genes, we have DARPP-32 (dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa) located at 17q12, PENK (preproenkephalin) located at 8q12.1, and TAC1 (tachykinin 1, substance P) located at 7q21.3. These data suggest that more primitive molecular mechanisms involved in pleasure and pain may have been recruited by evolution to play a role in higher mental functions such as mood. The analysis also revealed other high-probability candidates genes (neurogenesis, neurotrophic, neurotransmitter, signal transduction, circadian, synaptic, and myelin related), pathways and mechanisms of likely importance in pathophysiology.
Multi-touch interaction for robot control

Recent developments in multi-touch technologies have exposed fertile ground for research in enriched human-robot interaction. Although multi-touch technologies have been used for virtual 3D applications, to the authors' knowledge, ours is the first study to explore the use of a multi-touch table with a physical robot agent. This baseline study explores the control of a single agent with a multi-touch table using an adapted, previously studied, joystick-based interface. We performed a detailed analysis of users' interaction styles with two complex functions of the multi-touch interface and isolated mismatches between user expectations and interaction functionality.
Conditions for the Deposition of CdTe by Electrochemical Atomic Layer Epitaxy

In this paper the method of electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (ECALE) is described. It involves the alternated electrochemical deposition of atomic layers of elements to form compound semiconductors. It is being investigated as a method for forming epitaxial thin films. Presently, it appears that the method is applicable to a wide range of compound semiconductors composed of a metal and one of the following main group elements: S, Se, Te, As, Sb, or Br. Initial studies have involved CdTe deposition. Factors controlling deposit structure and composition are discussed here. Preliminary results which show that ordered electrodeposits of CdTe can be formed by the ECALE method are also presented. Results reported here were obtained with both a polycrystalline Au thin-layer electrochemical cell and a single-crystal Au electrode with faces oriented to the (111), (110), and (100) planes. The single-crystal electrode was contained in a UHV surface analysis instrument with an integral electrochemical cell. Deposits were examined without their exposure to air using LEED and Auger electron spectroscopy. Coverages were determined using coulometry in the thin-layer electrochemical cell.
Estimating long-term world coal production with logit and probit transforms

An estimate for world coal production in the long run would be helpful for developing policies for alternative energy sources and for climate change. This production has often been estimated from reserves that are calculated from measurements of coal seams. We show that where the estimates based on reserves can be tested in mature coal regions, they have been too high, and that more accurate estimates can be made by curve fits to the production history. These curve fits indicate that total world production, including past and future production, will be 680 Gt. The historical range for these fits made on an annual basis from 1995 to 2009 is 653 Gt to 749 Gt, 14% in percentage terms. The curve fits also indicate that 90% of the total production will have taken place by 2070. This gives the time scale for considering alternatives. This estimate for total production is somewhat less than the current reserves plus cumulative production, 1163 Gt, and very much less than the amount of coal that the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, or IPCC, assumes is available for its scenarios. The maximum cumulative coal production through 2100 in an IPCC scenario is 3500 Gt.
Individual differences in false recall: A latent variable analysis

The relation between intrusions in several different recall tasks was examined in the current study. Intrusions from these tasks were moderately correlated and formed a unitary intrusion factor. This factor was related to other cognitive ability measures including working memory capacity, judgments of recency, and general source-monitoring ability. Individual differences in source-monitoring ability fully mediated the relation between working memory capacity, judgments of recency, and intrusions in recall. Theoretically, individual differences in false recall may result, in part, from differences in preretrieval and post-retrieval source-monitoring processes in addition to lure activation. Future models of false recall should integrate theses source-monitoring mechanisms to fully account for various intrusions that occur in standard recall tasks.
Charge State Coalescence During Electrospray Ionization Improves Peptide Identification by Tandem Mass Spectrometry

We report the effects of supercharging reagents dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and m-nitrobenzyl alcohol (m-NBA) applied to untargeted peptide identification, with special emphasis on non-tryptic peptides. Peptides generated from a mixture of five standard proteins digested with trypsin, elastase, or pepsin were separated with nanoflow liquid chromatography using mobile phases modified with either 5 % DMSO or 0.1 % m-NBA. Eluting peptides were ionized by online electrospray and sequenced by both CID and ETD using data-dependent MS/MS. Statistically significant improvements in peptide identifications were observed with DMSO co-solvent. In order to understand this observation, we assessed the effects of supercharging reagents on the chromatographic separation and the electrospray quality. The increase in identifications was not due to supercharging, which was greater for the 0.1 % m-NBA co-solvent and not observed for the 5.0 % DMSO co-solvent. The improved MS/MS efficiency using the DMSO modified mobile phase appeared to result from charge state coalescence.
A review of: “Modeling and Analysis of Manufacturing Systems.” By RONALD G. ASKIN and CHARLES R. STANDRIDGE (Wiley, 1993) [Pp. xvi+461]. Price: £62·00 (hbk), £16·50 (pbk)

(1993). A review of: “Modeling and Analysis of Manufacturing Systems.” By RONALD G. ASKIN and CHARLES R. STANDRIDGE (Wiley, 1993) [Pp. xvi+461]. Price: £62·00 (hbk), £16·50 (pbk) International Journal of Production Research: Vol. 31, No. 10, pp. 2509-2510.
An efficient task allocation algorithm and its use to parallelize irregular Gauss-Seidel type algorithms

The parallelization and implementation of Gauss-Seidel power flow analysis have been investigated. The desired properties to maximize the speedup, such as minimum communication overhead and balanced computational load, have been described. In this paper, we investigate a two-stage parallelization scheme to achieve the desired properties for distributed memory machines. In the first stage, we introduce a new efficient heuristic clustering algorithm which reduces the communication time and balances the computational load. In the second stage, we devise a coloring algorithm whose purpose is to minimize the synchronization overhead and coordinate the information exchange among processors. It is shown that the parallelization scheme effectively increases the speedup and the associated upper bound of the Gauss-Seidel algorithm on the nCUBE2 machine. >
18β-glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits rotavirus replication in culture

Glycyrrhizin (GA) and primary metabolite 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GRA) are pharmacologically active components of the medicinal licorice root, and both have been shown to have antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. Although these properties are well established, the mechanisms of action are not completely understood. In this study, GA and GRA were tested for the ability to inhibit rotavirus replication in cell culture, toward a long term goal of discovering natural compounds that may complement existing vaccines. Epithelial cells were treated with GA or GRA various times pre- or post-infection and virus yields were measured by immunofluorescent focus assay. Levels of viral proteins VP2, VP6, and NSP2 in GRA treated cells were measured by immunoblot to determine if there was an effect of GRA treatment on the accumulation of viral protein. GRA treatment reduced rotavirus yields by 99% when added to infected cultures post-- virus adsorption, whereas virus yields in GA treated cultures were similar to mock treated controls. Time of addition experiments indicated that GRA-mediated replication inhibition likely occurs at a step or steps subsequent to virus entry. The amounts of VP2, VP6 and NSP2 were substantially reduced when GRA was added to cultures up to two hours post-entry. GRA, but not GA, has significant antiviral activity against rotavirus replication in vitro, and studies to determine whether GRA attenuates rotavirus replication in vivo are underway.
ON THE APPARENT OXYGEN UTILIZATION AND THE PREFORMED PHOSPHATE IN THE OCEANS1

This work shows that tho apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) expresses the oaygen utilized between the surface and some point within the oceans, even though the dissolved oxygen content at that point results not only from utilization by oxidation but also from the-mixing of waters. This result is applied formed phosphate.
Comparative Analysis of the Efficacy of Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus:

Background: Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) have been proven effective in improving hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and in reducing hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). It is not clear, however, if CGM provides further efficacy and safety benefits beyond SMBG in the management of T1DM. Methods: MEDLINE (1966–November 2009), COCHRANE REGISTRY (all years), and EMBASE (1980–November 2009), and article bibliographies were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the use of CGM in patients with T1DM, with clinical outcomes, including HbA1c and hypoglycemia and/or hyperglycemia. Results: Fourteen RCTs met eligibility criteria [n = 1188 patients, 97.4% with T1DM, age 29.0 ± 14.3 years, diabetes duration 11.7 ± 7.0 years, and baseline HbA1c 8.3 ± 0.8% (mean ± standard deviation)]. Compared with SMBG, the use of CGM was associated with a greater reduction in HbA1c [-0.3% (confidence interval: 0.4, -0.2), p < .0001]. The number of hypoglycemic events was not significantly different between the CGM and SMBG groups (0.52 ± 0.52 versus 0.52 ± 0.63 events/day, p = .5), but duration of hypoglycemia was shorter for the CGM group (75 ± 39 versus 89 ± 19 min/day), with an incremental reduction of hypoglycemia duration of -15.2 min/day, p < .0001. Continuous glucose monitoring also resulted in a shorter duration of hyperglycemia than SMBG (172 ± 125 versus 217 ± 152 min/day, p = .04). Conclusions: The use of CGM is associated with improvement in metabolic control in T1DM, with significant short- and long-term reductions in HbA1c and reduction in the duration of periods of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia versus SMBG.
Geometric design, speed, and safety

A performance-based approach to the interaction of geometric design, speed, and safety is considered given the availability of two key documents: the Highway Safety Manual and Modeling Operating Speed: Synthesis Report. A historical look at the concept of design speed shows that although the definition of design speed has changed on more than one occasion, the same basic philosophy that related design speed to a safe speed is still reflected in current policy in supplemental guidance related to the selection of design speed. A conservative approach to establishing design criteria, used to address the range of driver, vehicle, and roadway conditions and capabilities that a designer must consider, is demonstrated. Operating speeds are shown to be higher than design speeds for design speeds of approximately 55 mph or less. This outcome may be considered undesirable, but that categorization seems to be based more on subjective judgments of what is desirable than on actual safety findings. Finally, the idea of...
Recursive Statistical Blockade: An Enhanced Technique for Rare Event Simulation with Application to SRAM Circuit Design

Circuit reliability under statistical process variation is an area of growing concern. For highly replicated circuits such as SRAMs and flip flops, a rare statistical event for one circuit may induce a not-so-rare system failure. The Statistical Blockade was proposed as a Monte Carlo technique that allows us to efficiently filter-to block-unwanted samples insufficiently rare in the tail distributions we seek. However, there are significant practical problems with the technique. In this work, we show common scenarios in SRAM design where these problems render Statistical Blockade ineffective. We then propose significant extensions to make Statistical Blockade practically usable in these common scenarios. We show speedups of 102+ over standard Statistical Blockade and 104+ over standard Monte Carlo, for an SRAM cell in an industrial 90 nm technology.
The Svstern Zirconia-Hafnia

The ZrO2-HfO2 system was investigated by metallo-graphic, X-ray diffraction, and microprobe analysis using are-melted samples which had been annealed and quenched. The monoclinic-tetragonal inversion was investigated by DTA and high-temperature X-ray diffraction analysis. Results reveal that zirconia and hafnia are completely miscible in all proportions in the binary system. Within experimental error, the melting points of the compositions lie roughly on a straight line connecting the melting points of oxides. There is a continuous increase in the monoclinic-tetragonal inversion temperature as the composition moves from ZrO2 to HfO2. The lattice parameters of the monoclinic phase follow smooth curves which have a negative deviation from Vegard's law.
Treatment of latent stage Alzheimer’s disease with statins?

Evaluation of: Haag MD, Hofman A, Koudstaal PJ, Stricker BH, Breteler MM: Statins are associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer disease regardless of lipophilicity. The Rotterdam Study. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 80(1), 13–17 (2009). Statins are a class of lipid-lowering agents that are widely prescribed for the control of hypercholesterolemia. Experimental data and some observational studies have suggested that the use of statins may suppress processes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and reduce the risk of AD. Here, we review the literature with a focus on recent prospective cohort studies of incident AD and clinical trials in patients with AD. We conclude that emerging data from clinical trials do not support statins as a treatment in patients with dementia from AD. Results from cohort studies are mixed, but one interpretation is that there may be a critical window of opportunity for statins to suppress the early stages of AD pathogenesis.
Preliminary evaluation of seaweed application effects on soil quality and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays L.).

ABSTRACTThe practice of applying seaweed to agricultural fields may provide plant nutrients and improve soil quality in coastal agroecosystems, but little is known about its effects on soil properties or crop production. We conducted a preliminary evaluation of changes in soil biological and chemical properties and sweet corn (Zea mays L.) production using seaweed as a partial source of nitrogen (N) (40–55%) for one growing season, using a preformulated organic fertilizer treatment for comparison. Soil electrical conductivity, potassium (K+), sulfate (SO42-), and active carbon (C) increased with seaweed addition relative to the organic fertilizer, whereas potentially mineralizable N and pH decreased, with effects varying over time. Sweet corn yield and quality were either equivalent to that with the organic fertilizer or improved. The short-term positive (e.g., increased active C) and negative (e.g., increased salt levels) effects on soil quality suggest further evaluation of this practice is justified.
Synapse Replacement on Cortical Neurons following Denervation

Neurons that lose their normal synaptic connections following injury are often reinnervated as a result of the elaborations of new contacts by afferent systems that terminate near the denervated sites. These processes of postlesion synaptic growth have been described in a variety of different brain regions, and in both developing and mature animals (for reviews, see Bjorklund and Stenevi, 1979; Cotman et al., 1981; Flohr and Precht, 1981; Cotman and Nieto-Sampedro, 1982; Steward, 1986a, 1989). Indeed, there is now good reason to believe that replacement of damaged synaptic connections following lesions is the rule rather than the exception.
MAPP: A platform for prototyping algorithms and models quickly and easily

The lack of a convenient yet powerful platform for prototyping simulation algorithms and mathematical models has long hindered research and collaboration in continuous-time (CT) simulation and modelling. We present the Berkeley Model and Algorithm Prototyping Platform (MAPP), which aims to make such prototyping and evaluation fast and easy. A key feature of MAPP is modular code structuring, the design of which is strongly influenced by modern, DAE-based formulations for system equations and algorithms. This internal code structuring, which differs markedly from that of Berkeley SPICE and related simulators, enables users to add new simulation algorithms with only minimal knowledge of device models, and vice-versa. Another key feature of MAPP is that it is designed from the ground up to support modelling and simulation multi-physics systems. We illustrate MAPP's implementation of devices and algorithms and present two samples of its use. MAPP has been released as open source under the GNU Public License.
Highly hydrogen-deficient hydrocarbon species for the CO2-reforming of CH4 on Co/Al2O3 catalyst

The dynamics of produced CO and H2, measured by pulse surface reaction rate analysis (PSRA), revealed that the intermediate hydrocarbon species for the CO2-reforming of CH4 was highly hydrogen-deficient (CH0.75) on supported Co/Al2O3 catalyst. It was also found that the species was more reactive than the less hydrogen-deficient one (CH2.4) on Ni/Al2O3 catalyst.
Radial Growth Responses to Temperature by 58 Chaetomium Species, and Some Taxonomic Relationships

Sixty-four isolates of Chaetomium were grown under defined conditions, and their growth over a range of temperatures was noted. Five temperature groups were designated: mesophiles, transitional mes...
Flavonoids Inhibit Estrogen Binding to Rat Alpha-Fetoprotein:

There is considerable interest in the role(s) of plant-derived compounds such as bioflavonoids in regulating steroid hormone action in mammals, and in particular, the possible effects of the bioflavonoids on the growth of steroid-dependent breast and prostate tumors and on possible abnormal development of steroid-sensitive tissues. Studies of the hormone-like actions of bioflavonoids often use fetal or neonatal rats, which contain high levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a protein that binds estradiol with a Kd approximately 5 x 10(-9) M. Interaction of bioflavonoids with AFP could affect the availability of estrogens to estrogen-responsive cells, as well as the actions of bioflavonoids. These considerations motivated us to study the effect of several flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, naringenin, chrysin, apigenin, kaempferol, myricetin, morin, fisetin) and isoflavonoids (daidzein, genistein) on estrogen binding to rat AFP. We found that naringenin, a flavanone, and quercetin and kaempferol, flavonols, inhibit estrogen binding to AFP with apparent Kds of about 5 x 10(-7) M. To our surprise, the two isoflavonoids, daidzein and genistein, have Kds of about 5 x 10(-6) M for AFP. This 10-fold [correction of 1Q-fold] difference in affinity for AFP between flavonoids and isoflavonoids suggests that AFP has a specificity for the flavonoid structure. Moreover, the affinities of bioflavonoids for rat AFP are sufficiently high to suggest that flavonoids and isoflavonoids could modulate estradiol and estrone binding to rat AFP in vivo, when present at dietary levels. Additionally, the potency of the plant estrogens may be altered by binding to AFP. The flavonoids that we tested have different hydroxyl and glucoside substituents on the A, B, and C rings, which allows us to define some of the spatial requirements for binding to AFP. We find that 5,7-hydroxyl groups in ring A and a 4'-hydroxyl group in ring B are important for binding to AFP. This information, combined with molecular modeling studies, may elucidate the molecular basis for recognition of flavonoids and estrogens by AFP. Also, these findings indicate that the flavonoid levels in the diet need to be considered in studies of the effects of various xenobiotics and endocrine manipulations on experimental animals, particularly during development when serum estrogen binding protein concentrations are often elevated. Finally, bioflavonoids should be useful tools for understanding the variety of estrogen actions initiated by different structural classes of estrogens.
Critic of the Bismarckian Constitution: Ludwig Windthorst and the Relationship between Church and State in Imperial Germany

Hatred," said Otto von Bismarck in 1875, "is as much an incentive in life as love. Two things maintain and adorn my life, my wife and Windthorst; the one for love, the other for hate."1 Given to the vilification of all his political adversaries, the Iron Chancellor especially despised and reviled Ludwig Windthorst because he was his most skillful opponent. As the obstreperous leader of the Centrum party—a faction denounced as the polit ical extension of the Roman Catholic church in Germany— Windthorst found himself the center of bitter controversy. His political ideas were so misunderstood that they were reduced to a caricature by both his opponents and his defenders. Stig matized by his detractors with such epithets as "Father of Lies," "Father of all Obstructionism," or, worse still, "Enemy of the State," Windthorst was portrayed as the "paid agent of the Guelphs and therefore an inveterate enemy of the German Empire."2 His tireless, dedicated, and articulate defense of his causes, on the other hand, earned him the affectionate soubriquets "Little Excellency" and "the Pearl from Meppen." However acrimonious the charges or laudatory the praise, contemporaries— both hostile and partisan—were nonetheless unanimous in their opinion of Windthorst as a formidable parliamentary tactician and critic of the Bismarckian constitution.
Measurement of Microwave Induced Forces

Electrically polarizable materials in an inhomogeneous electric field experience a dielectrophoretic force which is proportional to the gradient of the square of the electric field. For high frequency radiation, the time averaged electromagnetic field provides a dc force. The force exerted on a sapphire and a metal sphere by the microwave field in a single mode resonant cavity has been measured. The force measurements have been made at equally spaced points along three orthogonal axes centered in a cylindrical cavity operating in the TE111 mode using 20 watts of microwave power at about 4.84 GHz. These data are compared to the simple theory of dielectrophoresis on a small sphere and verify that, for this mode and in the absence of other forces, there is a unique and stable equilibrium position at the center of the cavity. Measurements of the quality factor of the cavity provide a means of making an absolute check to the theory. The TE111 mode is one of an infinite set of modes predicted to have stable equilibrium positions that exist away from the cavity walls. It is proposed that dielectrophoresis in a microwave resonant cavity can be used to position samples for material processing applications in a microgravity environment. Knowledge of these forces may also be important for interpreting thermogravimetric measurements made in a microwave oven.
Pulsed Laser Assisted Particulate Cleaning of Solid Surfaces

In the this paper, we have examined the particulate removal efficiency of laser from solid surfaces. The silicon wafers were contaminated with alumina particles with sizes ranging from 0.05 μm to 0.5 μm. The silicon wafers with uniform surface-distribution of alumina particles were subjected to pulsed laser beams at varying conditions. The results obtained have shown that line beam lasers can remove submicron particles more efficiently from solid surfaces. The mechanism responsible for higher particulate removal-efficiency of line beam laser has also been discussed.
Biogeography, Evolutionary Theories in

Biogeographic inference with genetic data requires understanding how the processes of geographic isolation and long-distance dispersal interact to drive patterns of speciation and extinction. Critical to this endeavor is the development of mathematical theory for building statistical models for downstream hypothesis testing and parameter estimation. As methods for biogeographic inference have developed over the last 50 years, the challenge has been how to incorporate appropriately complex spatiotemporal histories of species ranges. As phylogenetic-based methods have become increasingly powerful, there are also indications that population-level models derived from coalescent theory enables more highly resolved inference, especially when integrated with nongenetic information.
Diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonian syndrome

Parkinsonian syndrome is a clinical diagnosis. The appropriate selection of the diagnostic and therapeutic regime and its continuous monitoring are tasks for the specialist. The observations of the familydoctor can provide important information when the clinical course does not develop as expected. For idiopathic parkinsonian syndrome a wide range of medicinal, surgical and physical treatments are available. Physiotherapeutic and, where indicated, ergotherapeutic measures should form a regular component of the prescribed treatment.
The Domestic Lender of Last Resort

The hallmark in the development of ‘the Art of Central Banking’ over the last two hundred years has been the evolution of the concept of a lender of last resort. The expression comes from the French dernier ressort, and centers on the last legal jurisdiction to which a petitioner can take an appeal. The term now has become thoroughly anglicized, and in central-banking English places the emphasis on the responsibilities of the lender rather than the rights of the borrower or petitioner.
Fathers, Daughters, and Slaves: Women Writers and French Colonial Slavery

Fathers, Daughters, and Slaves brings to life the unique contribution by French women during the early nineteenth century, a key period in the history of colonialism and slavery. The book enriches our understanding of French and Atlantic history in the revolutionary and postrevolutionary years when Haiti was menaced with the re-establishment of slavery and when class, race, and gender identities were being renegotiated. It offers in-depth readings of works by Germaine de Stael, Claire de Duras, and Marceline Desbordes-Valmore. In addition to these now canonical French authors, it calls attention to the lives and works of two lesser-known but important figures—Charlotte Dard and Sophie Doin. Approaching these five women through the prism of paternal authority, Fathers, Daughters, and Slaves explores the empathy that daughters show toward blacks as well as their resistance against the oppression exercised by male colonists and other authority figures. The works by these French women antislavery writers bear significant similarities, which the book explores, with twentieth and twenty-first century Francophone texts. These women’s contributions allow us to move beyond the traditional boundaries of exclusively male accounts by missionaries, explorers, functionaries, and military or political figures. They remind us of the imperative for ever-renewed gender research in the colonial archive and the need to expand conceptions of French women’s writing in the nineteenth century as being a small minority corpus. Fathers, Daughters, and Slaves contributes to an understanding of colonial fiction, Caribbean writing, romanticism, and feminism. It undercuts neat distinctions between the cultures of France and its colonies and between nineteenth and twentieth-century Francophone writing.
Coherent Signatures of Conical Interesctions in Ultrafast Raman and Photoelectron Spectroscopy

We present two ultrafast spectroscopic X-Ray schemes for the detection of electronic coherences. TRUECARS employs attosecond pulses to map the energy gap, while TRPES can provide signatures through fast oscillations in the time domain.
IgG4-related Disease and the Liver

Pathologists are likely to encounter IgG4-related disease in several organ systems. This article focuses on helping pathologists diagnose IgG4-related disease in the hepatobiliary system. Missing the diagnosis can result in unnecessary organ damage and/or unnecessary surgical and cancer therapy. In the liver, tumefactive lesion(s) involving the bile ducts with storiform fibrosis and an IgG4-enriched lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate are highly concerning for IgG4-related disease. The recent identification of oligoclonal populations of T cells and B cells in IgG4-related disease may lead to molecular tests, new therapeutics, and a greater mechanistic understanding of the disease.
Precursor Evolution and Stress Corrosion Cracking Initiation of Cold-Worked Alloy 690 in Simulated Pressurized Water Reactor Primary Water

Stress corrosion crack initiation of two thermally-treated, cold-worked (CW) Alloy 690 (UNS N06690) materials was investigated in 360°C simulated pressurized water reactor primary water using constant load tensile (CLT) and blunt notch compact tension (BNCT) tests equipped with direct current potential drop (DCPD) for in situ detection of cracking. Stress corrosion cracking initiation was not detected by DCPD for either the 21% or 31% CW CLT specimens loaded at their yield stress for ∼9,220 h; however, intergranular (IG) precursor damage and isolated surface cracks were observed on the specimens. The two 31% CW BNCT specimens loaded at constant stress intensity after several cyclic loading ramps showed DCPD-indicated crack initiation after 10,400 h of exposure, which resulted from significant growth of IG cracks. The 21% CW BNCT specimens only exhibited isolated small IG surface cracks and showed no apparent DCPD change throughout the test. Post-test cross-section examinations revealed many grain boundary...
Spiritual Struggle in Parents of Children with Cystic Fibrosis Increases Odds of Depression.

Objective. Spiritual struggle (SS) is associated with poorer health outcomes including depression. The study’s main objectives were to characterize change in depression over time, examine longitudinal associations between SS and depression, and determine the extent to which experiencing SS at baseline was predictive of developing depression at follow-up. Methods. A two-site study collected questionnaire responses of parents (; 72% female) of children with cystic fibrosis followed longitudinally. Generalized linear mixed effects modeling examined the association between depression and SS over time and assessed potential mediators, moderators, and confounders. Results. Prevalence of depression increased from baseline to follow-up (OR: 3.6, ), regardless of degree of SS. Parents with Moderate/Severe SS were more likely to have depressive symptoms, compared to parents without SS (OR: 15.2, ) and parents who had Mild SS (OR: 10.2, ). Being female and feeling less “at peace” also significantly predicted increased depression (OR: 2.5, , and OR: 1.15, , resp.). Experiencing SS at baseline was not predictive of having depression subsequently at follow-up. Conclusions. Parents experiencing SS were significantly more likely to report depressive symptoms. Interventions to reduce SS have shown efficacy and may be considered.
If Equitable Contribution is Dead, Can Contractual Contribution Replace it?

This article discusses surprising outcomes in dealing with equitable contribution and equitable subrogation and that since the rules may eliminate the rights of parties to equitable contribution or subrogation, counsel must create intraguarantor agreements that contain appropriate contractual contribution rights to replace them.