cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Oklahoma PetaStore: A Business Model for Big Data on a Small Budget

In the era of Big Data, research productivity can be highly sensitive to the availability of large scale, long term archival storage. Unfortunately, many mass storage systems are prohibitively expensive at scales appropriate for individual institutions rather than for national centers. Furthermore, a key issue is the set of circumstances under which researchers can, and are willing to, adopt a centralized technology that, in a pure cost recovery model, might be, or might appear to be, more expensive than what the research teams could build on their own. This paper examines a business model that addresses these concerns in a comprehensive manner, distributing the costs among a funding agency, the institution and the research teams, thereby reducing the challenges faced by each.
Leptocephalus energetics: metabolism and excretion.

Leptocephali are the unusual transparent larvae that are typical of eels, bonefish, tarpon and ladyfish. Unlike the larvae of all other fishes, leptocephali may remain in the plankton as larvae for several months before metamorphosing into the juvenile form. During their planktonic phase, leptocephali accumulate energy reserves in the form of glycosaminoglycans, which are then expended to fuel metamorphosis. The leptocephalus developmental strategy is thus fundamentally different from that exhibited in all other fishes in two respects: it is far longer in duration and energy reserves are accumulated. It was anticipated that the unusual character of leptocephalus development would be reflected in the energy budget of the larva. This study describes the allocation of energy to metabolism and excretion, two important elements of the energy budget. Metabolic rates were measured directly in four species of leptocephali, Paraconger caudilimbatus, Ariosoma balearicum, Gymnothorax saxicola and Ophichthus gomesii, using sealed-jar respirometry at sea. Direct measurements of metabolic rates were corroborated by measuring activities of lactate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase, two key enzymes of intermediary metabolism, in addition to that of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, a ubiquitous ion pump important in osmotic regulation. Excretion rates were determined by subsampling the sea water used in the respiratory incubations. The entire premetamorphic size range for each species was used in all assays. Mass-specific oxygen consumption rate, excretion rate and all enzyme activities (y) declined precipitously with increasing mass (M) according to the equation y=aM(b), where a is a species-specific constant and −1.74
Vitamin B6 metabolism and binding to proteins in the blood of alcoholic and nonalcoholic men

Blood obtained from nonalcoholic and alcoholic subjects was incubated with 100 nm [3H]pyridoxine to study its uptake and metabolism by erythrocytes and the binding of vitamin B6 metabolites to proteins in plasma and erythrocytes. Erythrocytes of the alcoholics accumulated tritium faster than those of the controls; however, they contained the same total amount of tritiated compounds by 15 min. After incubation for 30 min, the erythrocytes had converted most of the pyridoxine to pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxal. Pyridoxal-P remained in the erythrocytes, and ?40% of the pyridoxal diffused into the plasma. [3H]Pyridoxal and [3H]pyridoxal-P levels in the erythrocytes and plasma of the alcoholics were similar to those in the controls. However, dialyzed hemolysates of the alcoholics had more [3H]pyridoxal and a lower percentage of [3H]pyridoxal-P than those of the controls. The total concentration of plasma pyridoxal-P was lower in the alcoholics than in the controls and did not change upon incubation of whole blood with pyridoxine or upon dialysis. The erythrocytes of the alcoholics and controls had similar concentrations of pyridoxal-P that increased 2.5-fold upon incubation of whole blood with pyridoxine for 30 min and returned to the initial concentrations upon dialysis. The amount of [3H]pyridoxal and [3H]pyridoxal-P bound to protein was assessed by treating hemolysate and plasma samples with borohydride before dialysis. More 3H was bound to protein in the erythrocytes than in the plasma. The amount of protein-bound 3H in the erythrocytes of the alcoholics was lower than that of the controls, whereas the amount of protein-bound 3H in plasma was similar in both groups. It is concluded that less of the pyridoxal-P and pyridoxal was protein bound, and the pyridoxal-P was more susceptible to hydrolysis to pyridoxal by phosphatases in the erythrocytes of the alcoholics compared with the controls.
Glyphosate and bioherbicide interaction for controlling kudzu (Pueraria lobata), redvine (Brunnichia ovata), and trumpetcreeper (Campsis radicans)

Abstract In controlled environment experiments, the bioherbicidal fungus Myrothecium verrucaria (Alb. & Schwein.) Ditmar:Fr. was tested alone, in combination with, prior to, and following treatment with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] for control of kudzu [Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi], redvine [Brunnichia ovata (Walt.) Shinners], and trumpetcreeper [Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau] at temperatures of 20, 30, and 40°C. At all temperatures, kudzu was most adversely affected by the fungus, followed by trumpetcreeper and redvine, as indicated by greater mortality and dry weight reductions. Trumpetcreeper and redvine mortalities and dry weight reductions significantly increased when the fungus was applied 2 days after the glyphosate treatment. Application of the fungus combined with or prior to glyphosate treatment resulted in reduced weed control. Although pathogenesis and mortality also occurred at 20°C, disease development was favored by higher temperatures (30 and 40°C). Infected weeds of e...
Bayesian Confirmation Theory and The Likelihood Principle

The likelihood principle (LP) is a core issue in disagreements between Bayesian and frequentist statistical theories. Yet statements of the LP are often ambiguous, while arguments for why a Bayesian must accept it rely upon unexamined implicit premises. I distinguish two propositions associated with the LP, which I label LP1 and LP2. I maintain that there is a compelling Bayesian argument for LP1, based upon strict conditionalization, standard Bayesian decision theory, and a proposition I call the practical relevance principle. In contrast, I argue that there is no similarly compelling argument for or against LP2. I suggest that these conclusions lead to a restrictedly pluralistic view of Bayesian confirmation measures.
Evaluation of Zeolites in the Diet of Broiler Chickens

Abstract Two experiments were conducted in which zeolites were added to broiler diets at the 1% level beginning at 21 days of age. In one study, diets with different energy levels were used to determine if an interaction existed between zeolite supplementation and nutrient density. No beneficial effects of zeolite supplementation on body weights were observed in either experiment. There were no statistically significant differences in feed utilization between diets with and without zeolites, and the numerical differences could be accounted for by the addition of 1% inert zeolite.
Biological properties of suppressive E-receptor factor on lymphokine function

A potent immunosuppressive factor isolated from malignant ascites fluids showed serological cross-reactivity with the E-receptor of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Thus, this factor was named suppressive E-receptor (SER) factor. In this study, we examined the effect of this immunosuppressor, SER, on lymphokine functions of human mononuclear cells participating in polyclonal T cell activation. SER is active at nanomolar concentrations in vitro and the inhibitory effect of SER was most pronounced when added at the initiation of stimulation with phytohemag-glutinin or anti-T3 antibody. Concomitant with the inhibition on PHA-induced DNA synthesis, lymphocytes that were treated with SER failed to progress beyond G1 phase of cell cycle. These growth-arrested cells did expire after 7 days of culture in vitro. This anti-proliferative effect of SER was more easily demonstrated with normal lymphoid cells in culture than transformed cells or fibroblast cells. SER effectively interfered with the lympho-proliferative properties of interleukin 2 (IL2) on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and an IL2-dependent murine cytotoxic T cell line. However, excess quantities of exogenous IL2, especially when added in conjunction with IL1, were able to partially overcome the ability of SER to inhibit T cell proliferation. In contrast to the inhibition on DNA synthesis of human lymphoblasts, expression of IL2 receptor was only minimally inhibited by SER during the first 24 h of culture (24% inhibition at 12 h and 34% inhibition at 24 h) but it was followed by full expression of IL2 receptor by 48 h. Thus, SER merely reduced the rate of expression of IL2 receptor and was not able to inhibit the transcription of new message from activated T lymphocytes. Taken together, these studies indicate that SER acts as a noncytolytic anti-proliferative factor on immune responses that are mediated by T cells. SER appears to act on a relatively late event during T cell activation, perhaps on some portion of the DNA replication pathway.
Functional abnormalities of the default network during self- and other-reflection in autism

Recent studies of autism have identified functional abnormalities of the default network during a passive resting state. Since the default network is also typically engaged during social, emotional and introspective processing, dysfunction of this network may underlie some of the difficulties individuals with autism exhibit in these broad domains. In the present experiment, we attempted to further delineate the nature of default network abnormality in autism using experimentally constrained social and introspective tasks. Thirteen autism and 12 control participants were scanned while making true/false judgments for various statements about themselves (SELF condition) or a close other person (OTHER), and pertaining to either psychological personality traits (INTERNAL) or observable characteristics and behaviors (EXTERNAL). In the ventral medial prefrontal cortex/ventral anterior cingulate cortex, activity was reduced in the autism group across all judgment conditions and also during a resting condition, suggestive of task-independent dysfunction of this region. In other default network regions, overall levels of activity were not different between groups. Furthermore, in several of these regions, we found group by condition interactions only for INTERNAL/EXTERNAL judgments, and not SELF/OTHER judgments, suggestive of task-specific dysfunction. Overall, these results provide a more detailed view of default network functionality and abnormality in autism.
Novel Perspectives on Mucormycosis: Pathophysiology, Presentation, and Management

Mucormycosis is a life-threatening fungal infection that occurs in immunocompromised patients. These infections are becoming increasingly common, yet survival remains very poor. A greater understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease may lead to future therapies. For example, it is now clear that iron metabolism plays a central role in regulating mucormycosis infections and that deferoxamine predisposes patients to mucormycosis by inappropriately supplying the fungus with iron. These findings raise the possibility that iron chelator therapy may be useful to treat the infection as long as the chelator does not inappropriately supply the fungus with iron. Recent data support the concept that high-dose liposomal amphotericin is the preferred monotherapy for mucormycosis. However, several novel therapeutic strategies are available. These options include combination therapy using lipid-based amphotericin with an echinocandin or with an azole (largely itraconazole or posaconazole) or with all three. The underlying principles of therapy for this disease remain rapid diagnosis, reversal of underlying predisposition, and urgent surgical debridement.
Neural precursor cells form rudimentary tissue-like structures in a rotating-wall vessel bioreactor

We have analyzed the biology of embryonic, epidermal growth factor-responsive murine neural precursor cells cultured in the high-aspect ratio vessel (HARV). Within 2–3 d of rotary-cell culture, such cells formed multiple, macroscopic, three-dimensional structures that were orders of magnitude larger than the cellular clusters (“neurospheres”) formed by these cells in conventional stationary-flask cultures. Each HARV structure was composed of a multilayered cellular shell surrounding one or more central cavities that were bordered by pyknotic cell nuclei. Although the cells in the HARV structures were more pleomorphic than those in neurospheres, the structures did not appear to represent primitive neural tumors: the formation of HARV structures by precursor cells was not an irreversible phenotypic change, and the structures did not originate from the clonal expansion of single-progenitor cells; the growth rate and invasiveness of the cells in HARVs were less than those in flasks; and HARV-cultured cells did not form tumors after subcutaneous inoculation into the flanks of NOD-scid/scid mice. Immunohistochemical analysis suggested that HARV structures might be novel “prototissues” characterized by a crude, but organized, architecture, with a surface layer of immature proliferating cells (nestinand proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive) that enclosed strata of more differentiated cells (β-tubulin III- and glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive) within. Rotary-cell culture may have significant implications for the eventual utility of neural precursors for clinical neurotransplantation.
Determination of dyeing levelness using surface irregularity function

An acceptably dyed fabric must be a match to the target and is visually even in appearance, that is, level. Although color difference measurement can objectively determine whether a match has been achieved, levelness is still determined subjectively, leading to inevitable disagreements between dyer and customer. The levelness of a series of dyed fabrics has been objectively evaluated using a surface irregularity function derived from analysis of digital images of the fabrics. The measurements derived correlate more closely to visual assessment than do K/S measurements. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 285–290, 2009
Continuum damage mechanics analysis of fatigue crack initiation

The crack initiation period in an originally defect-free component can be a significant portion of its total fatigue life. The initiation phase is generally believed to constitute the nucleation and growth of short cracks, but the threshold crack length at which initiation occurs lacks a uniform definition. Moreover, available methods for predicting fatigue damage growth usually require an existing flaw (e.g. Paris law) and may be difficult to apply to the initiation phase. This paper presents a continuum damage mechanics-based approach that estimates cumulative fatigue damage, and predicts crack initiation from fundamental principles of thermodynamics and mechanics. Assuming that fatigue damage prior to localization occurs close to a state of thermodynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of isotropic damage growth under uniaxial loading is derived that is amenable to closed-form solution. Damage, as a function of the number of cycles, is computed in a recursive manner using readily available material parameters. Even though most fatigue data are obtained under constant amplitude loading conditions, most engineering systems are subjected to variable amplitude loading, which can be accommodated easily by the recursive nature of the proposed method. The predictions are compared with available experimental results.
Design of ultrasonic attenuation sensor with focused transmitter for density measurements of a slurry in a large steel pipeline

To design an ultrasonic sensor to measure the attenuation and density of slurry carried by a large steel pipeline (diameter up to 70 cm) is the goal of this research. The pitch-catch attenuation sensor, placed in a small section of the pipeline, contains a send unit with a focused transducer that focuses the ultrasound to a small region of the receive unit on the opposite wall. The focused transducer consists of a section of a sphere (base ∼12 cm) on the outer side of the send unit and a 500 kHz piezoelectric shell of lead zirconate titanate epoxied to it. The Rayleigh surface integral is used to calculate the pressure in steel and in water (slurry). An incremental method to plot the paths of ultrasonic rays shows that the rays focus where expected. Further, there is a region where the parallel rays are perpendicular to the wall of the receive unit. Designs for pipeline diameters of 25 and 71 cm show that the pressure in water at the receive transducer is about 17 times that for a pitch-catch system using 5 cm diameter disk transducers. The enhanced signal increases the sensitivity of the measurements and improves the signal-to-noise ratio.
Validity of Derived Measurements of Leg-Length Differences Obtained by Use of a Tape Measure

Determining the difference in the length of an individual's legs is often an important component of a musculoskeletal examination. Although measurements are easily obtained with a tape measure, the validity of these measurements is not known. The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of determinations of leg-length differences (LLDs) obtained by use of a specified tape measure method (TMM). Leg-length differences using the TMM and a radiographic technique were determined for 10 subjects who were candidates for clinical leg-length measurements and for 9 healthy control subjects. Validity of the TMM measurements was determined by assessing the degree of agreement between TMM-obtained LLDs and those obtained by the radiographic method. Validity estimates as determined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were .770 for patients, .359 for healthy subjects, and .683 for all subjects. When the means of the two values obtained by use of the TMM were compared with the radiographic measurements, the ICCs were .852 for the patient group, .637 for the healthy subjects, and .793 for all subjects. This study suggests that TMM-derived LLD measurements are valid indicators of leg-length inequality and that the estimates of validity are improved by using the average of two determinations rather than a single determination.
A Two-Stage Heat-Release Model for Diesel Engines

Modele de calcul du degagement de chaleur dans un moteur diesel considerant deux phases dans la combustion
Where Do Epigenetics and Developmental Origins Take the Field of Developmental Psychopathology

The time is ripe for upgrading or rethinking the assumed paradigms for how we study developmental psychopathology. The classic transactional models appear robust but need specification in terms of biological and psychosocial processes. That specification is increasingly tractable due to developments in genetics, epigenetics, the measurement of psychosocial processes, and theory and data on developmental origins of health and disease. This essay offers a high-level view of where the field has been and where it may be going in regard to nosology and conceptions of etiology. Remarks seek to consider rapidly evolving contexts not only for children, but also for the science itself due to progress in our field and in neighboring fields. Illustrations are provided as to how syndromal nosology can be enriched and advanced by careful integration with biologically relevant behavioral dimensions and application of quantitative methods. It is concluded that a revised, forward-looking, transactional model of abnormal child psychology will incorporate prenatal and postnatal developmental programming, epigenetic mechanisms and their associated genotype x environment interactions, and inflammatory processes as a potential common mediator influencing numerous health and mental health conditions.
Domestic violence: The challenge for nursing

Domestic violence is a serious public health and human rights concern and an on-going challenge for nursing. This article provides an overview of the three major types of domestic violence: intimate partner abuse, child abuse, elder abuse. The scope, history, and health consequences of each type of violence are addressed. Despite advances in research, public awareness, legislative initiatives, and public policy, these types of interpersonal violence continue to affect millions worldwide.
EGF receptor ligands are a large fraction of in vitro branching morphogens secreted by embryonic kidney

Much attention has recently focused upon hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as a potential regulator of epithelial branching morphogenesis. However, since neither the HGF nor c-met "knockout" mice show abnormal kidney branching morphogenesis, we sought to analyze the relative importance of HGF in in vitro branching morphogenesis compared with other factors secreted by the embryonic kidney. Exploiting an assay that employs kidney epithelial cells (murine inner medullary collecting duct, mIMCD3) seeded in collagen cocultured with the embryonic kidney, we found that a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is highly specific for the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR), tyrphostin AG1478, inhibited mIMCD3 cell process formation (an early step in branching tubulogenesis) by 40%, whereas high concentrations of neutralizing anti-HGF antibodies had a lesser effect (20% inhibition), suggesting that EGFR ligands account for a larger fraction of branching morphogens secreted by the embryonic kidney than HGF. In addition, when an embryonic epithelial cell line derived from c-met (-/-) mice was cocultured with the embryonic kidney, these c-met (-/-) cells underwent process formation. EGFR ligands but not HGF were able to induce branching tubulogenesis in these cells. All EGFR ligands tested, including EGF, transforming growth factor-alpha, heparin-binding EGF, betacellulin, and amphiregulin, induced mIMCD3 cell tubulogenesis. EGFR ligands caused upregulation of urokinase, urokinase receptor, and matrix metalloprotease-1, and tubulogenesis could be inhibited by the metalloprotease inhibitor 1,10-phenanthroline. Our results support the notion that multiple parallel and potentially redundant growth factor-dependent pathways regulate branching tubulogenesis.
Introduction: Senses of Distortion

The introduction is devoted to a critical historiography of the conflict between Albertian perspective and the typically baroque genre of anamorphosis as a telling contrast between two opposing views of representation manifested in the concepts of “sharpness” and “distortion”. Thus, three instances of distortion to be explored in Chaps. 2, 3, and 4 (metaphor, hyperbaton, and anaphora) are framed not just rhetorically but also in connection to the history of ideas and sensibilities. In the final analysis, the concept of distortion points to an epistemological problem that includes all others: perspectivism, skepticism, the limits of identity, the trustworthiness of the senses, and the efficacy of language. And it is this epistemological vein that the following chapters will attempt to articulate.
Abstract 86: Functional effects of MutL homolog 1 promoter polymorphism in prostate cancer

The mutL homolog (MLH1) gene protects the integrity of the genome by correcting erroneous insertions, deletions and mismatches that occur during DNA replication. Proper MLH1 expression is thus essential for the health of the cell and deficiency can result in mutation and genomic instability, which ultimately may lead to cancer. Polymorphisms in the promoter region can lead to altered gene expression and we tested the hypothesis that MLH1 promoter variants can affect levels as well as be a risk for prostatic cancer. Two polymorphic sites were analyzed, rs1800734 (A to G) and rs4647203 (G to A). A luciferase reporter construct containing the MLH1 promoter region was utilized and site-directed mutagenesis was performed to create rs1800734 and rs4647203 variants. Activity was tested using DU145, PC3 and LNCaP prostatic cells and interestingly, the rs1800734 G variant resulted in significantly decreased luciferase levels in all three cell lines compared to A (P Citation Format: Shinichiro Fukuhara, Yozo Mitsui, Yutaka Hashimoto, Taku Kato, Ryan K. Wong, Varahram Shahryari, Soichiro Yamamura, Shahana Majid, Sharanjot Saini, Guoren Deng, Rajvir Dahiya, Yuichiro Tanaka. Functional effects of MutL homolog 1 promoter polymorphism in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 86.
The Birth of the General Theory

With the preceding chapter as background, we shall trace the very important steps that were taken prior to the great publication of 1936. The procedure is to be twofold: first tracing chronologically the developments in the Keynesian literature, and secondly comparing the Keynesian developments with the status of thought of the non-Keynesian writers. It is hoped that, by this method of tracing chronologically the Keynesian development, it will be possible to put a finger approximately on the date of the conception of the new theory. In the next chapter it will then be possible to make comparisons between the formal, theoretical models of the General Theory and the conventional theory held by economists outside the Keynesian camp.
Possible Moral Justifications

There are many ways one could try to justify the killing of Osama bin Laden. Indeed, in the public square we heard a wide variety of claims regarding the killing: that it was good because a “bad man” was now dead, or that it was a permissible act of enforcing capital punishment, or that it was simply killing a combatant in war, which is permissible under traditional just war theory. In this chapter I show some of the ways these and other justifications for killing Osama bin Laden fall short. The goal is not to give a complete rebuttal of such approaches, but, rather, to simply show that the rights-based liability account for permissible harm described in Chapter 1 is far more restrictive than these other competing accounts.
Brain Localization of Music Processing

Music processing ability was studied in 65 right-handed patients following unilateral temporal cortectomy and compared to 24 matched normal controls at the Clinique Neurologique, Ponchaillou, Rennes, France; Departement de Psychologie, Universite de Montreal; and Centre de Reserche, Centre Hospitalier Cote-des-Neiges, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Transcriptome Profile of the Chicken Thrombocyte: New Implications as an Advanced Immune Effector Cell

Thrombocytes are nucleated platelets involved in immune functions such as pathogen recognition and release of pro-inflammatory bioactive compounds when exposed to bacterial and viral molecules. However, the complete role of these cells in innate and adaptive immune responses is not understood, and little is known about their biology at the molecular-genetic level. Highly sensitive RNA-sequencing technologies were used to analyze the complete transcriptome of thrombocytes for the first time with analytical resolution focused on cell-based components of the immune system/response. Amongst all the genes listed in the current chicken genome assembly, 10,041 gene transcripts were found in the chicken thrombocyte. After 1-hour in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Salmonella minnesota), 490 genes were upregulated and 359 genes were downregulated, respectively, with at least a 1-fold change relative to unexposed thrombocytes. Additionally, by constructing a de novo assembly, we were able to identify a total of 3,030 novel genes in the thrombocyte transcriptome. The information generated here is useful in development of novel solutions to lower the economic burden and zoonotic threat that accompanies infectious diseases for birds and fish. In addition, the resources created here have translational utility as a model system to find orthologous genes and genes related to its enucleated counterpart, the platelet.
Predicting Bounds on Queuing Delay in Space-shared Computing Environments

Most space-sharing resources presently operated by high performance computing centers employ some sort of batch queueing system to manage resource allocation to multiple users. In this work, we explore a new method for providing end-users with predictions of the bounds on queuing delay individual jobs will experience when waiting to be scheduled to a machine partition. We evaluate this method using scheduler logs that cover a 10 year period from 10 large HPC systems. Our results show that it is possible to predict delay bounds with specified confidence levels for jobs in different queues, and for jobs requesting different ranges of processor counts.
Aphasia Is an Independent Risk Factor Affecting Acute Stroke Outcomes (P1.186)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the independent impact of aphasia on outcomes during the acute stroke admission. BACKGROUND: Aphasia occurs in 21-38[percnt] of acute stroke patients, affecting discharge planning, rehabilitation goals, and burden for patients/support systems. The effect of aphasia on acute stroke care is unknown. DESIGN/METHODS: We surveyed the Tulane Stroke Registry for ischemic/ICH strokes for 7/08-12/14 for patient demographics, NIH Stroke Scale scores, length of stay (LOS), complications (sepsis, DVT, etc.), and discharge modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. Aphasia was defined as a score ≥1 on question 9 on the NIHSS on admission and hemiparesis as ≥1 on questions 5 or 6. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and the associated 95[percnt] confidence intervals. RESULTS: Among 1,403 patients, 866 (46[percnt]) had aphasia on admission. Median age of those with aphasia was 66 years old, compared to 62 without aphasia. The median NIHSS of those with aphasia was 13, and 3 without aphasia (p<0.0001). Adjusting for NIHSS score and inpatient complications, those with aphasia had a 1.1 day longer LOS than those without aphasia, whereas as those with hemiparesis (n=1,225) did not have increased LOS, compared to those without hemiparesis. Those with aphasia had greater odds of having a complication (OR= 1.44, CI 1.07 1.93, p = 0.0174) than those without aphasia, which was equivalent to those having a hemiparesis (OR=1.47, CI 1.09 1.99, p = 0.0137). Controlling for NIHSS scores, aphasia and hemiparesis were equally associated with significantly increased odds of discharge mRS 3-6 (OR 1.42 vs 1.47). CONCLUSIONS: Aphasia is independently associated with increased length of stay and complications during the acute stroke admission, with an impact at least comparable to hemiparesis. There was equivalent disability at discharge. These data suggest that greater attention is needed on developing adaptive communication skills during this period to improve outcomes. Disclosure: Dr. Lazar has received personal compensation for activities with Claret Medical, Inc. Dr. Boehme has nothing to disclose. Dr. Marshall has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for JAMA Neurology. Dr. Martin-Schild has received personal compensation for activities with Genentech.
A new hybrid genetic algorithm for optimizing the single and multivariate objective functions

Abstract. A new hybrid genetic algorithm was developed which combines a stochastic evolutionary algorithm with a deterministic adaptive step steepest descent hill climbing algorithm in order to optimize complex multivariate problems. By combining both algorithms computational resources are conserved and the solution converges rapidly as compared to either algorithm alone. In genetic algorithms natural selection is mimicked by random events such as breeding and mutation. In the adaptive step steepest descent algorithm the solution moves toward the lowest surrounding point. Step sizes start big and get progressively smaller, increasing computational efficiency. The genetic algorithm ensures the solution samples the entire global search space, thus a global minimum is found. The steepest descent method fine tunes the solution by moving it to the nearest local minimum. The code was developed, including a graphical user interface, in MATLAB. Additional features such as bounding the input, weighting the objective functions individually, and constraining the output are also built into the interface. The algorithm developed was used to optimize the response surface models which use process variables (feedstock moisture content, die speed, and preheating temperature) to predict pellet properties (pellet moisture content, unit, bulk and tapped density, durability, and specific energy consumption). The solution found by the hybrid algorithm was validated experimentally. Execution times were decreased by approximately 40%, based on 1,0000 trials with each method, using the new hybrid algorithm as compared to using a genetic algorithm alone with the same parameters, both developed at INL. Performance of the hybrid algorithm versus the commercial Matlab genetic algorithm is investigated. Results show that the hybrid genetic algorithm converged to the global maximum for bulk density in one iteration, whereas the commercial genetic algorithm took twenty nine iterations to converge.
Mizrah Uma`arav (East and West): a Sephardi cultural and political project in post-Ottoman Jerusalem*

ABSTRACTThis article traces the emergence of the Hebrew periodical Mizrah Uma`arav (East and West), published in Jerusalem intermittently from 1919 until 1930. The Sephardi Jewish editor, Avraham Elmaleh (1876–1967), had a vision of a journal that would fulfil a variety of functions, some of which, I argue, would prove to be contradictory: communal–historical, educational, scholarly, and political. First, and perhaps most pressingly, Elmaleh sought to record Sephardi intellectual, religious, and cultural history in the aftermath of the break-up and looming transformation of the Sephardi Ottoman world. At the same time, he struggled to place Sephardi Jewish civilization on a par with the Ashkenazi Jewish experience that was being normalized and privileged on a scholarly level in Jewish Studies. The Ashkenazi dominance of the new political reality in Palestine also led Elmaleh to take on the Hebraization and nationalization project of Sephardi Jews with missionary zeal. Finally, Elmaleh also contributed to ...
Allosterically targeting EGFR drug-resistance gatekeeper mutations.

Lung cancer is by far the leading cause of cancer-related death with nearly 1.7 million deaths worldwide in 2016. The most common type of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for 80% of lung cancer cases.
Effects of Human Decomposition on Bullet Striations

Five different types of bullets, representing the major materials used in centerfire handgun and rifle ammunition, were inserted into the cranial, chest and abdominal cavities, muscle and adipose tissues of a fresh cadaver. The bullets were retrieved after the body was 90% decomposed. Observation and comparison of before and after photographs let each bullet serve as its own control. Results indicate the reactivity of bullet materials and the body region are significant factors affecting the corrosion process and may obscure rifling striations. Language: en
Detection of Cyclic di-GMP Binding Proteins Utilizing a Biotinylated Cyclic di-GMP Pull-Down Assay

Cyclic di-GMP is an important regulatory messenger molecule that often directly interacts with proteins to alter function. It is therefore important to find potential c-di-GMP binding proteins and verify a direct interaction between them. Here, we describe a pull-down assay using biotinylated-c-di-GMP to capture a specific protein of interest followed by immunoblot analysis to determine relative protein abundance. This method also allows for addition of both specific and nonspecific competitors to determine specificity of c-di-GMP-protein binding. We also discuss using densitometry analysis on resulting immunoblots to calculate the dissociation constant (KD) of the binding reaction, allowing for a determination of binding affinity.
Human Herpesviruses: Human Herpesvirus 6

A snapshot of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) reveals several key features of this virus that are clearly established. HHV-6 causes ubiquitous infection in infancy or early childhood that is typically a self-limited illness and generally associated with complete recovery. Following primary infection HHV-6 remains latent or persistent at several different sites including the peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the salivary glands, the female genital tract, and the central nervous system. Reactivation of HHV-6 occurs during periods of immune compromise and is associated with disease.
SOME OFF-SHELL EFFECTS IN TRITON CALCULATIONS

Publisher Summary Numerical advances of solving the Faddeev equations render the three-nucleon bound-state problem manageable for potentials that act in a small number of partial waves. The triton problem provides an essentially exact theory to study the effects of varying the off-shell two-nucleon interaction. This chapter explains the relation between off-shell changes in the deuteron wave function (ΨD), and changes in triton binding energy and triton charge form factor (Fch (q2)) predictions. It illustrates the deuteron wave functions in momentum (k) space for four potentials. Potentials that give deuteron wave functions that fall more steeply with k at low and moderate k give less binding in the triton. Less binding is associated with deuteron wave functions that pass through zero at lower momenta. The trend between the off-shell changes in the triton binding energy and form factor are similar to those produced by a scale transformation of the two-body potential. An apparently consistent relation exists between the calculated triton properties and deuteron wave function. The relation between ET and the distortion in the deuteron wave function makes possible estimates on how experimental errors in determining the deuteron wave function can lead to uncertainties in predicting triton observables.
Low-power appliances for big-data analytics using flash storage and hardware accelerators

We live in an age where enormous amount of data is being collected constantly because of smart phones, ubiquitous presence of sensors and the wide-spread use of social media. Useful and cost-effective analysis of this data is the biggest economic driver for the IT industry. Such analyses are often done in data centers or on cluster of machines because they involve applying sophisticated algorithms to terabyte-size graphs, which are extremely irregular and sparse. We will show how low-power appliances for such analyses can be built using flash storage and hardware accelerators. Such appliances are likely to be 10X cheaper than 16-32 node server clusters and will come in the form factor of an SSD to be plugged into your laptop. This work has been done by Sang-Woo Jun and Andy Wright under my supervision
Mixed Strong Form Representation Particle Method for Solids and Structures

In this paper, a generalized particle system (GPS) method, a general method to describe multiple strong form representation based particle methods is described. Gradient, divergence, and Laplacian operators used in various strong form based particle method such as moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method, smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH), and peridynamics, can be described by the GPS method with proper selection of parameters. In addition, the application of mixed formulation representation to the GPS method is described. Based on Hu-Washizu principle and Hellinger-Reissner principle, the mixed form refers to the method solving multiple primary variables such as displacement, strain and stress, simultaneously in the FEM method; however for convenience in employing FEM with particle methods, a simple representation in construction only is shown. It is usually applied to finite element method (FEM) to overcome numerical errors including locking issues. While the locking issues do not arise in strong form based particle methods, the mixed form representation in construction only concept applied to GPS method can be the first step for fostering coupling of multi-domain problems, coupling mixed form FEM and mixed form representation GPS method; however it is to be noted that the standard GPS particle method and the mixed for representation construction GPS particle method are equivalent. Two dimensional simple bar and beam problems are presented and the results from mixed form GPS method is comparable to the mixed form FEM results.
“Passion of the Same”: Cacique de Ramos and the Multidão

This article analyzes a series of photographs taken by the Brazilian artist Carlos Vergara between 1972 and 1975 that picture the Rio de Janiero-based carnival bloco Cacique de Ramos, whose charact...
Unified Access to Heterogeneous Data Sources Using an Ontology.

The rise of cloud computing started a transition for software applications from local to remote infrastructures. This migration created an opportunity to aggregate and consolidate analogous data content. However, this data content usually come with very different data structures and data terminologies and is usually tightly coupled to one or more applications. With these disparities and restrictions, the analogous data ends up both centrally stored but spread over several disconnected heterogeneous data sources. In this article, we present an approach to aggregate data sources using live data consolidation. The approach preserves the original data sources; and by doing so, prevents associated applications from having to migrate to a new data source. The approach uses an ontology at its core to serve as a common semantic ground between data sources and leverage its stored knowledge to expand query capabilities.
Adaptive sparse recovery with limited adaptivity

The goal of adaptive sparse recovery is to estimate an approximately sparse vector x from a series of linear measurements A1x, A2x, . . . , ARx, where each matrix Ai may depend on the previous observations. With an unlimited number of rounds R, it is known that O(k log log n) measurements suffice for O(1)-approximate k-sparse recovery in Rn, and that Ω(k + log log n) measurements are necessary. We initiate the study of what happens with a constant number of rounds of adaptivity. Previous techniques could not give nontrivial bounds using less than 5 rounds of adaptivity, and were inefficient for any constant R.We give nearly matching upper and lower bounds for any constant number of rounds R. Our lower bound shows that [MATH HERE] measurements are necessary for any [MATH HERE]; significantly, this is the first lower bound that combines k and n in an adaptive setting.Our upper bound shows that [MATH HERE] measurements suffice. The O(log* k) gap between the two bounds comes from a similar gap for nonadaptive sparse recovery in the high-SNR regime, and would be reduced to constant factors with improvements to nonadaptive high-SNR sparse recovery.
Should Current Generations Make Reparation for Slavery

This book’s audience is the lay reader. It seeks to provide a philosophically sophisticated, yet accessible, introduction to the debate about reparations for slavery. Such sophistication is necessa...
Prognostic value of the Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) prognostic score (MPS) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

133Background: The MPS, a composite of the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and albumin, is an alternative prognostic tool to the Glasgow Prognostic Score (C-reactive protein and albumin). A retro...
Why Is Patient-Centered Culturally Competent Care Important?

Despite countless social and societal norms, we are all different. Having a book that advances generalizations based on race or ethnicity can be a risky and potentially inflammatory endeavor. This chapter provides a framework to help clinicians understand the far reaching impact of poor clinical outcomes in African Americans, not just the fundamental quality outcomes which reflect poorly on our healthcare system, but also the direct negative impact on the providers reimbursement. It is no longer just hospitals and healthcare organizations that are penalized for costly and poor outcomes, it will also include the providers. Once trends and outliers are identified, providers will begin to be rewarded and/or penalized for their outcomes. In addition to objective measures like length of stay, cost of care, and mortality, patients are also asked (through generated questionnaires) their experience from a communication standpoint. Providing expert patient-centered care to African Americans will be rewarding in many ways.
The Nuanced Effects of Internet Use on International Trade: An Empirical Analysis of U.S. Trade Data

Although the trade-boosting effect of the Internet is well-documented, two critical questions remain unsatisfactorily answered. First, does the Internet benefit the trade in services greater than the trade in goods? Second, does the Internet eliminate or at least, weaken the negative effect of physical distance? Using the bilateral export data between the U.S. and 52 countries over the 2006- 2016 period, this study answers the two pressing questions by examining and comparing the effects of the Internet in trade in goods and services. According to the result of the two-step system GMM estimation results, the increase in the adoption of the Internet in the U.S. would boost its exports. Particularly, the trade-boosting effect of the Internet on the export of ICT-enabled services is larger than that on the export of goods and non-ICT services. However, no evidence is found to suggest that the trade-boosting effect of Internet use is achieved by making the physical distance a lesser barrier to trade.
Recipient Vessels for Lower Extremity Free Flap Reconstruction

Wounds in the lower extremity may not be amenable to coverage with local tissue. In these instances, free tissue transfer is needed. Finding suitable recipient blood vessels for a microsurgical anastomosis is critical to success. Arterial inflow may be limited because of trauma or atherosclerotic disease. An angiogram can serve as a vascular roadmap for assessing recipient vessels. In general, when large vessels are used as recipient sites, a side branch of the main vessel can be used in an end-to-end fashion. If there are no available side branches, an end-to-side or end-to-end anastomosis to the main vessels may be performed. A thorough vascular exam must be done prior to sacrificing a large artery in the leg. In the lower leg, the tibial vessels are often used in an end-to-end or end-to-side fashion, depending on the overall vascular status.
Evaluating Multicomponent Wellbeing Strategies: Theoretical and Methodological Insights

The literature on health and wellbeing interventions presents the need to build on the current evaluation frameworks and methodologies. There is a requirement to account for multifaceted nature of health and wellbeing interventions in organisations, operating amidst the dynamics of contextually bounded organisational change. There have also been demands to enhance evaluation of the intervention outcomes, so that they can be implemented in a cost-effective manner. We therefore propose to augment current evaluation approaches in two ways. Firstly, we suggest a shift of the focal point of analysis from single or combinations of a few health and wellbeing interventions to the organisation as a whole. We discuss the value of planned and emergent organisational change, so that we can achieve a more comprehensive understanding of organisational gains in wellbeing by tracing both intended and unintended mechanisms and outcomes. Methodologically, we propose that evaluators consider conducting longitudinal multiple case study designs. Secondly, we advocate cost-effectiveness approaches to evaluation, which in our view offer more than cost-benefit analysis and return on investment approaches, because of their ability to account for health and wellbeing gains in addition to economic costs of interventions.