cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A community-led medical response effort in the wake of hurricane Sandy

On October 29, 2012, Hurricane Sandy made landfall in the neighborhood of Red Hook in Brooklyn, New York. The massive tidal surge generated by the storm submerged the coastal area, home to a population over 11,000 individuals, including the largest public housing development in Brooklyn. The infrastructure devastation was profound: the storm rendered electricity, heat, water, Internet, and phone services inoperative, whereas local ambulatory medical services including clinics, pharmacies, home health agencies, and other resources were damaged beyond functionality. Lacking these services or lines of communication, medically fragile individuals became isolated from the hospital and 911-emergency systems without a preexisting mechanism to identify or treat them. Medically fragile individuals primarily included those with chronic medical conditions dependent on frequent and consistent monitoring and treatments. In response, the Red Hook community established an ad hoc volunteer medical relief effort in the wake of the storm, filling a major gap that continues to exist in disaster medicine for low-income urban environments. Here we describe this effort, including an analysis of the medically vulnerable in this community, and recommend disaster risk reduction strategies and resilience measures for future disaster events.
Printed membrane electrostatic MEMS microspeakers

We report the fabrication and broadband actuation of capacitive electrostatic MEMS microspeakers formed by the contact-transfer printing of suspended 125-nm-thick gold membranes over cavities in a 430-nm-thick silicon dioxide (SiO2) spacer layer on a conducting substrate. The membranes deflect repeatedly to produce sound upon electrostatic actuation with a time-varying signal. The microspeaker has a flat acoustic frequency response that is devoid of any resonance peaks. Its output sound pressure level (SPL) increases at ∼40 dB/decade with increasing frequency, in the 3 highest octaves of the human audio range, for constant excitation voltage autospectral density. The microspeaker consumes 24 μW of real electric power under broadband actuation in free field. It outputs 35 dB (SPL/VoltRMs) of acoustic pressure at 20 kHz drive. The microspeaker operates at a 10Vdc bias, thus enabling the use of electrostatic sound sources in portable audio applications such as hearing aids and earphones. The diaphragm-forcing VbiasVrms product is reduced to ∼19 V2. The total thickness of the microspeakers is dominated by the silicon wafer substrate, with an active device thickness of less than 700 nm.
Primitive Pythagorean Triples

(1992). Primitive Pythagorean Triples. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 413-417.
SAFETY OF UNINTERRUPTED PERIPROCEDURAL APIXABAN IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ATRIAL FIBRILLATION CATHETER ABLATION: A META-ANALYSIS OF 1,057 PATIENTS

Apixaban (factor Xa inhibitor) is a novel anticoagulant and may be beneficial during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation for prevention of thromboembolic events. However, the adverse effects of periprocedural apixaban therapy have not been thoroughly evaluated. A meta-analysis was performed to
Behavioral Adaptation of Floor-Reared White Leghorn Pullets to Different Cage Densities and Cage Shapes During the Initial Settling-in Period

Abstract Two groups of White Leghorn pullets, reared in floor pens, were observed for changes in behavioral traits when housed in cages. Data in Experiment 1 were obtained during Days 1 to 5 posthousing from 40 pullets kept in eight 40.7-cm wide × 45.7-cm deep cages with either four or six birds/cage and in Experiment 2 during Days 1 to 5 and Day 7 posthousing from 24 pullets housed four/cage in three 30.5-cm wide × 45.7-cm deep cages (deep cages), and three 45.7-cm wide × 30.5-cm deep cages (shallow cages). In Experiment 1, pullets housed four/cage spent significantly (P
An Improved Method for Production of Cyathus Stercoreus Fruit Bodies in Culture

Booth, C. 1971. The genus Fusarium. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, England. 237 p. Drechsler, C. 1938. Two Hyphomycetes parasitic on oospores of root-rotting Oomycetes. Phytopathology 28: 81-103. 1943. Another hyphomycetous fungus parasitic on Pythium oospores. Phytopathology 33: 227-233. 1952. Another nematode-strangulating Dactylella parasitic on Pythium oospores. Mycologia 44: 533-556. . 1961. Two additional species of Dactylella parasitic on Pythium oospores. Sydowia 15: 92-97. . 1963. A slender-spored Dactylella parasitic on Pythium oospores. Phytopathology 53: 1050-1052. Hoch, H. C. 1974. Preparation of fungal hyphae grown on agar-coated microscope slides for electron microscopy. Stain Technol. 49: 318-320. 1977. Mycoparasitic relationships: Gonatobotrys simplex parasitic on Alternaria tenuis. Phytopathology 67: 309-314. Pieczarka, D. J., and G. S. Abawi 1978. Populations and biology of Pythium species associated with snap bean roots and soils in New York. Phytopathology 68: 409-416. Sneh, B., S. J. Humble, and J. L. Lockwood. 1977. Parasitism of oospores of Phytophthora megasperma var. sojae, P. cactorum, Pythium sp. and Aphanomyces euteiches in soil by Oomycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Hyphomycetes, Actinomycetes, and bacteria. Phytopathology 67: 622-628.
The Good Pharmacist: Characteristics, Virtues, and Habits

By William N. Kelly, Elliott M. Sogol, Published by William N. Kelly Consulting Inc., Oldsmar, FL, 2011. 157 p. Price $16.95 In The Good Pharmacist: Characteristics, Virtues, and Habits , authors William N. Kelly and Elliott M. Sogol, both pharmacists with impressive resumes themselves, aim to
The Simple Theory of Effective Demand

Keynes set out to show that orthodox economic theory was flawed. To that end he accepted its postulates and general approach as the starting point for his argument. In particular he accepted marginal productivity theory as an account of the demand for labor, even though his own work in the Treatise had already suggested a different theory of distribution. Accepting marginal productivity theory committed Keynes to more than is generally realized, and marks a decisive difference between this model and Kalecki’s. It opened the way to the IS-LM interpretation and to the ‘neo-Classical synthesis.’ Kalecki’s approach, by contrast, fits well with mark-up pricing and a realistic notion of market behavior, in both small and large scale industries.
Association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and telomere length and C-reactive protein from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-1999-2002.

Background : Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is an important biomarker of aging. This study examined whether inflammatory potential of diet, as measured by the Dietary Inflammatory IndexTM (DII) has an impact on telomere shortening in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We also carried out validation of the DII with C-reactive protein (CRP). Methods : Data came from NHANES 1999–2002. LTL and CRP were assayed from leukocyte DNA and serum specimens, respectively. The DII was calculated from food intakes assessed using 24-hour dietary recalls and expressed per 1,000 calories consumed. Associations were examined using survey-based multivariable linear regression for log-transformed LTL. Results : After multivariable adjustment, higher DII scores (i.e., relatively more pro inflammatory) were associated with shorter LTL both when used as continuous (b = -0.003; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.005, -0.0002) and as quartiles (bDIIquartile4vs1 = -0.013; 95% CI = -0.025, -0.001; Ptrend = .03). In this same sample the DII also was associated with CRP ≥3mg/l (ORDIIcontinuous = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.16). Conclusion : In these NHANES data there was an association between DII and LTL. This study also provided a successful construct validation of the DII using CRP in a nationally representative sample. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that diet-associated inflammation determines LTL. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Analysis of User Editing Patterns in Ontology Development Projects

The development of real-world ontologies is a complex undertaking, commonly involving a group of domain experts with different expertise that work together in a collaborative setting. These ontologies are usually large scale and have a complex structure. To assist in the authoring process, ontology tools are key at making the editing process as streamlined as possible. Being able to predict confidently what the users are likely to do next as they edit an ontology will enable us to focus and structure the user interface accordingly and to enable more efficient interaction and information discovery. In this paper, we use data mining techniques to investigate whether we are able to predict the next editing operation that a user will make based on the change history. We have analyzed the change logs of two real-world biomedical ontologies, and used association rule mining to find editing patterns using different features. We evaluated the prediction accuracy on a test set of change logs for these two ontologies. Our results indicate that we can indeed predict the next editing operation a user is likely to make. We will use the discovered editing patterns to develop a recommendation module for our editing tools, and to design user interface components that are better fitted with the user editing behaviors.
Beyond reliance and compliance: Human-automation coordination and cooperation

Increasingly autonomous machines may lead to issues in human-automation systems that go beyond the typical concerns of reliance and compliance. This study used an interaction-oriented approach that...
Small Decline In Low-Value Back Imaging Associated With The ‘Choosing Wisely’ Campaign, 2012–14

Choosing Wisely was launched by the American Board of Internal Medicine in April 2012 as a patient- and clinician-targeted campaign to reduce potentially unnecessary “low-value” medical services. T...
Increased FNDC5 is associated with insulin resistance in high fat-fed mice.

FNDC5/irisin, has recently been identified as a novel protein that stimulates the “browning” of white adipose by inducing thermogenesis via increased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). We tested the hypothesis that high fat diet-induced prediabetic mice would exhibit increased FNDC5 and this effect would be attenuated by chronic exercise. C57BL/6 mice were randomized into three groups for the 4 week intervention: Standard diet (Std, n = 12), High fat diet (HF, n = 14), or High fat diet and free access to a running wheel (HFEX, n = 14). Body weight, glucose, insulin, and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were greater in HF compared to Std and HFEX after the 4 week intervention. In support of our hypothesis, FNDC5 was higher in HF in both skeletal muscle and adipose compared to Std and was lower in adipose only in HFEX compared to HF mice. Following the same pattern, PGC-1α was significantly higher in HF compared to Std in skeletal muscle and significantly lower in HFEX compared to HF in adipose. UCP1 was significantly lower in HFEX versus Std (in skeletal muscle) and versus HF (in adipose). HOMA-IR was significantly correlated with FNDC5 protein levels in adipose. Increased FNDC5 in adipose and skeletal muscle may be a compensatory mechanism to offset high fat diet-induced weight gain and insulin resistance by increasing energy expenditure.
Low-frequency electronic noises in CVD graphene gas sensors

This paper reports the investigation of low-frequency noise (1/f noise) in the Polyethylenimine (PEI) doped graphene gas sensor based on the architecture of using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to make a graphene field effect transistor (GFET). Compare to the state-of-art, three advancements have been achieved: (1) first demonstration of 1/f noise characterization in PEI doped CVD graphene FET sensor under nitrogen, water, ethanol and methanol vapor environments; (2) modeling the measured 1/f noise characteristic features through simulating random charge transfer events caused by gas adsorption-desorption processes on graphene surface; (3) rejection of the complex background noise through an advanced digital signal processing method to accurately obtain the 1/f noise in graphene FET gas sensors. As such, the noise characterization, modeling and signal processing method on CVD-grown graphene FET gas sensors could provide new guidelines for researchers to develop 1/f noise based high performance gas sensing devices for practical applications.
Erratum: Semaphorin signaling in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and cancer

Correction to: Cell Research (2012) 22:23–32. doi:10.1038/cr.2011.198; published online 13 December 2011 The authors apologized for the mis-spelling of the second author's name and the delay notice. The correct form is as follows. Atsuko Sakurai, Colleen L Doci, J Silvio Gutkind
Teaching Psychiatry to First Year Medical Students in Small Groups: Specification and Evaluation of Goals

A questionnaire was designed to measure the process of education in teaching psychiatry to first year medical students in small groups. A set of goals was delineated by the course instructors and evaluated by student raters from each small group on a week by week basis. A pattern of linear increase in the ratings indicated that the course was definitely helping the students forge a professional identity in dealing with patients but was falling short in teaching students about establishing an alliance with patients and methods of communicating with patients. This assessment technique was not able to answer the larger question about the overall worth of the small group experience in teaching about the doctor-patient relationship, but it did yield information on areas where the course was succeeding and areas where more or different efforts were required.
Combining HPC and Big Data Infrastructures in Large-Scale Post-Processing of Simulation Data: A Case Study

Advances in scientific software and computing infrastructure have enabled researchers across disciplines to simulate and model highly complex systems. At the same time, these increases in simulation duration and scale have led to significant growths in the sizes of output data, which can be as much as hundreds of gigabytes or more. While there exist solutions to assist with most standard post-simulation analytics, researchers must develop their own code to support customized analytical tasks. Given the nature of these output data, most naive in-house sequential codes end up being inefficient, and in most cases, time-consuming. In this paper, we propose a solution to this issue by transparently combining the strengths of a high-performance computing cluster and a big data infrastructure to support an end-to-end scientific workflow. More specifically, we present a case study around the design of a research computing environment at Clemson University where these two computing systems are integrated and accessible from one another. This environment allows simulation data to be automatically transferred across systems and complex analytical tasks on these data to be developed using the Hadoop/Spark frameworks. Results show that a hybrid workflow for molecular dynamics simulation can provide significant performance improvements over a traditional workflow. Furthermore, code complexity of Hadoop/Spark solutions is shown to be less than that of a traditional solution.
Ultrafast dynamics of the ultraviolet and visible photoluminescence in the aluminum-doped zinc oxide metamaterial

The emission properties of aluminum-doped zinc oxide are numerically investigated. A complete model for photoluminescence, based on the set of rate equations for electron-hole recombination, is used to study the influence of carrier concentration (1017-1020 cm-3 ) on the visible and ultraviolet (UV) emission. The set of coupled rate equations is solved numerically using the fourth order Runge-Kutta technique for various optical pump intensities and pulse durations. The results for low carrier concentration (~1017 cm-3 ) show that at low pump intensity (0.01 mJ/cm2 ) visible emission is dominant in the emission spectrum and, as the pump intensity increases (~1 mJ/cm2 ), the UV emission becomes dominant. The study of ultrafast dynamics shows that for pump pulse durations of less than ~ 1 ns the intensity of the UV emission is an order of magnitude larger compared to the visible intensity for aluminum-doped ZnO samples with carrier concentration ~1018 cm-3 .
Tunable coloration of diamond films by encapsulation of plasmonic Ag nanoparticles

Abstract Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown diamond films are widely used as coating materials. While diamond thin films are typically clear or slightly gray in color, we demonstrate that diamond films of different optical properties and exhibiting different colors can be prepared by embedding Ag nanoparticles into the diamond film. Microwave plasma heating of Ag thin films deposited onto H-terminated diamond films grown on transparent fused quartz substrates leads to de-wetting and formation of a high density, two-dimensional array of size-controlled Ag nanoparticles. Surprisingly, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy show that starting with Ag films 30 nm thickness lead to more polydisperse nanoparticles and the formation of Ag/diamond core/shell structures. By changing the thickness of the deposited Ag layer, the Ag nanoparticle size distribution can be changed, leading to changes in optical properties. Three-dimensional electromagnetic field modeling was performed for SiO2-diamond/Ag/diamond-air structures produced by dewetting of 20 nm thick Ag films show good qualitative agreement with experimental spectra.
Porcine SIRPA binds to human CD47 to inhibit phagocytosis: Implications for human hematopoietic stem cell transplantation into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) pigs

Xenotransplantation success with human hematopoietic stem cells into non-obese diabetic (NOD)-derived severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice is dependent on the ability of NOD mouse signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPA) to bind human CD47 (hCD47). Interaction between NOD mouse SIRPA and hCD47 results in higher phagocytic tolerance compared to other SCID mouse strains. In the context of developing a humanized SCID pig, we investigated whether porcine SIRPA binds hCD47 and subsequently inhibit phagocytosis of human cells. Porcine SIRPA bound to hCD47 in vitro . Porcine monocytes phagocytosed human and porcine red blood cells (RBCs) at significantly lower levels than mouse RBCs. When human RBCs were pre-incubated with CD47 blocking antibody B6H12 or non-blocking antibody 2D3, phagocytosis was induced only after B6H12 incubation, indicating the lower phagocytic activity requires interaction between porcine SIRPA and hCD47. Collectively, we provide the first evidence that porcine monocytes may be phagocytically tolerant towards human cells, suggesting that porcine SCID models have the potential to support engraftment of human stem cells.
Multidisciplinary approach for multifocal, bilobar hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report and literature review.

Multidisciplinary approach for multifocal, bilobar hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report and literature review
Assessing solution quality in stochastic optimization via bootstrap aggregating

We study a statistical method to estimate the optimality gap, as an assessment of the quality, of a given solution for a stochastic optimization using limited data. Our approach is based on bootstrap aggregating the resampled optimal values of sample average approximation (SAA), by connecting these SAA values with the classical notion of symmetric statistics. We discuss how this approach works on general stochastic optimization problems and is statistically more efficient than some previous methods. We substantiate our findings with several numerical experiments.
Arbitration Case Law Update 2015

This chapter in the PLI Securities Arbitration 2015 Coursebook identifies court decisions in the past year interpreting the FAA that could have an impact on securities arbitration practice.
Fractured modernization: cultural and structural predictors of attitudes on gender equality

ABSTRACTAs modernization has become globally valued, the topic of gender equality as a human right has been taken up across the world. In a simultaneously individual and national-level analysis, we...
The Creativity Kernel: An Open Platform for Distributed Design Intelligence

Online crowdsourcing systems present new opportunities for open and participatory design by enabling distributed and collaborative thinking. The Creativity Kernel is a web-based, open platform that allows designers to crowdsource needfinding, identify opportunities, and collaboratively generate and evaluate ideas around a given topic amongst a range of stakeholders. The members of the Creativity Kernel network---individuals, teams or organizations---can create new projects or contribute to existing ones. The Creativity Kernel guides the users through a sequence of three method modules---Likes and Wishes, Opportunity Synthesis and Cheatstorming---consisting of quick and intuitive interactive challenges. The collective output of these three modules is a set of collaboratively generated ideas that can be used to address problems large and small. At the DIS 2019 conference, we hope to demonstrate our system to actively engage attendees in collaborative ideation on topics related to the conference theme of intersections and borders.
Structural Features of Transcription Factors Associating with Nucleosome Binding.

Fate-changing transcription factors (TFs) scan chromatin to initiate new genetic programs during cell differentiation and reprogramming. Yet the protein structure domains that allow TFs to target nucleosomal DNA remain unexplored. We screened diverse TFs for binding to nucleosomes containing motif-enriched sequences targeted by pioneer factors in vivo. FOXA1, OCT4, ASCL1/E12α, PU1, CEBPα, and ZELDA display a range of nucleosome binding affinities that correlate with their cell reprogramming potential. We further screened 593 full-length human TFs on protein microarrays against different nucleosome sequences, followed by confirmation in solution, to distinguish among factors that bound nucleosomes, such as the neuronal AP-2α/β/γ, versus factors that only bound free DNA. Structural comparisons of DNA binding domains revealed that efficient nucleosome binders use short anchoring α helices to bind DNA, whereas weak nucleosome binders use unstructured regions and/or β sheets. Thus, specific modes of DNA interaction allow nucleosome scanning that confers pioneer activity to transcription factors.
Interleukin 4: Its Role in Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, Valvular, and Nonvalvular Cardiovascular Diseases:

Hypertension is one of the major physiological risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and it affects more than 1 billion adults worldwide, killing 9 million people every year according to World Health Organization. Also, hypertension is associated with increased risk of kidney disease and stroke. Studying the risk factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension is key to preventing and controlling hypertension. Numerous laboratories around to globe are very active pursuing research studies to delineate the factors, such as the role of immune system, which could contribute to hypertension. There are studies that were conducted on immune-deficient mice for which experimentally induced hypertension has been ameliorated. Thus, there are possibilities that immune reactivity could be associated with the development of certain type of hypertension. Furthermore, interleukin 4 has been associated with the development of pulmonary hypertension, which could lead to right ventricular remodeling. Also, the immune system is involved in valvular and nonvalvular cardiac remodeling. It has been demonstrated that there is a causative relationship between different interleukins and cardiac fibrosis.
Optimizing the Fresnel-Lens Solar-Concentrator Design for Tracking Error Mitigation in Thermal Applications, Using a Statistical Algorithm

The driving motive of this work is to enhance the tolerability of a flat Fresnel-lens concentrator to tracking errors, without the use of secondary optics or sophisticated, and normally costly, meticulous tracking equipment. This is achieved by optimizing the prismatic geometry of the Fresnel lens through a statistical approach that incorporates laws of light refraction and trigonometry. The proposed design produces high focal heat flux that is more suitable for thermal applications. A comparative simulation analysis was conducted for two case studies from literature, each with a different design method for the Fresnel lens. On basis of equivalent geometric concentration ratio and f-number, the flat-spot lenses, designed by this study, returned higher values of the concentration acceptance product ( $$CAP$$ ). In case #1 of a 212× cylindrical lens with an f-number of unity, an equivalent flat lens by this work almost doubled the $$CAP$$ from 0.165 to 0.34. For the design case #2 of a 559× aspheric Fresnel lens made by simple geometrical optics, a 60.7% enhanced $$CAP$$ was achieved by this work’s lens, from 0.206 to 0.331, at an f-number of 0.83.
High-resolution angle-resolved-photoemission studies of the M̄-point surface state on Cu (001)

High-resolution angle-resolved-photoemission studies were carried out on the surface state reported by Heimann et al. at the $\overline{M}$ point of the two-dimensional surface Brillouin zone of Cu (001). The symmetry of the state is shown to be odd with respect to the (100) mirror plane, as hypothesized by Heimann et al. Experimental $E({\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{k}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}})$ dispersion relations in good agreement with the earlier study are reported, and accurate determinations of peak width as a function of ${k}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ are shown to be reasonably well fitted by a simple model. A novel temperature effect is reported and interpreted in terms of substantially enhanced vibrational amplitude of the surface layer.
Incentives for Organizational Participation: A Recruitment Experiment in Mexico:

While the presence of a strong civil society is recognized as desirable for democracies, an important question is what motivates citizens to join organizations. This article presents novel experime...
New insights into non-transcriptional regulation of mammalian core clock proteins.

ABSTRACT Mammalian circadian rhythms drive ∼24 h periodicity in a wide range of cellular processes, temporally coordinating physiology and behaviour within an organism, and synchronising this with the external day–night cycle. The canonical model for this timekeeping consists of a delayed negative-feedback loop, containing transcriptional activator complex CLOCK–BMAL1 (BMAL1 is also known as ARNTL) and repressors period 1, 2 and 3 (PER1, PER2 and PER3) and cryptochrome 1 and 2 (CRY1 and CRY2), along with a number of accessory factors. Although the broad strokes of this system are defined, the exact molecular mechanisms by which these proteins generate a self-sustained rhythm with such periodicity and fidelity remains a topic of much research. Recent studies have identified prominent roles for a number of crucial post-transcriptional, translational and, particularly, post-translational events within the mammalian circadian oscillator, providing an increasingly complex understanding of the activities and interactions of the core clock proteins. In this Review, we highlight such contemporary work on non-transcriptional events and set it within our current understanding of cellular circadian timekeeping.
Defining and Classifying New Subgroups of Diabetes.

An etiologically based classification of diabetes is needed to account for the heterogeneity of type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D and T2D) and emerging forms of diabetes worldwide. It may be producti...
Lysophosphatidic Acid Signalling in Nervous System Development and Function

One class of molecules that are now coming to be recognized as essential for our understanding of the nervous system are the lysophospholipids. One of the major signaling lysophospholipids is lysophosphatidic acid, also known as LPA. LPA activates a variety of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) leading to a multitude of physiological responses. In this review, I describe our current understanding of the role of LPA and LPA receptor signaling in the development and function of the nervous system, especially the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, I highlight how aberrant LPA receptor signaling may underlie neuropathological conditions, with important clinical application.
Autism spectrum disorder and kidney disease.

Neurodevelopmental impairments have been recognised as a major association of paediatric kidney disease and bladder dysfunction, presenting challenges to clinicians and families to provide reasonable adjustments in order to allow access to investigations and treatments. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by impairments in social interaction/communication and repetitive sensory-motor behaviours. Mental health, learning and physical co-morbidities are common. There is emerging evidence that ASD and kidney disease have some overlaps with genetic copy number variants and environmental factors contributing to shared pathogenesis. Prevalence rates of ASD in kidney disease are currently not known. A high index of suspicion of underlying ASD is required when a young person presents with communication difficulties, anxiety or behaviour that challenges, which should then trigger referral for a neurodevelopmental and behavioural assessment. We discuss practical approaches for providing care, which include understanding methods of communication and sensory, behavioural and environmental adaptations.
Edge Overlap in Weighted and Directed Social Networks.

With the increasing availability of behavioral data from diverse digital sources, such as social media sites and cell phones, it is now possible to obtain detailed information about the structure, strength, and directionality of social interactions in varied settings. While most metrics of network structure have traditionally been defined for unweighted and undirected networks only, the richness of current network data calls for extending these metrics to weighted and directed networks. One fundamental metric in social networks is edge overlap, the proportion of friends shared by two connected individuals. Here, we extend definitions of edge overlap to weighted and directed networks and present closed-form expressions for the mean and variance of each version for the Erdős–Renyi random graph and its weighted and directed counterparts. We apply these results to social network data collected in rural villages in southern Karnataka, India. We use our analytical results to quantify the extent to which the average overlap of the empirical social network deviates from that of corresponding random graphs and compare the values of overlap across networks. Our novel definitions allow the calculation of edge overlap for more complex networks, and our derivations provide a statistically rigorous way for comparing edge overlap across networks.
Functional plasticity coupled with structural predispositions in auditory cortex shape successful music category learning

Categorizing sounds into meaningful groups helps listeners more efficiently process the auditory scene and is a foundational skill for speech perception and language development. Yet, how auditory categories develop in the brain through learning, particularly for nonspeech sounds, is not well understood. Here, we asked musically naive listeners to complete a brief (~20 min) training session where they learned to identify sounds from a nonspeech continuum (minor-major 3rd musical intervals). We used multichannel EEG to track behaviorally relevant neuroplastic changes in the auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) pre- to post-training. To rule out mere exposure-induced changes, neural effects were evaluated against a control group of 14 nonmusicians who did not undergo training. We also compared individual categorization performance with structural volumetrics of bilateral primary auditory cortex (PAC) from MRI to evaluate neuroanatomical substrates of learning. Behavioral performance revealed steeper (i.e., more categorical) identification functions in the posttest that correlated with better training accuracy. At the neural level, improvement in learners9 behavioral identification was characterized by smaller P2 amplitudes at posttest, particularly over right hemisphere. Critically, learning-related changes in the ERPs were not observed in control listeners, ruling out mere exposure effects. Learners also showed smaller and thinner PAC bilaterally, indicating superior categorization was associated with structural differences in primary auditory brain regions. Collectively, our data suggest successful auditory categorical learning of nonspeech sounds is characterized by short-term functional changes (i.e., greater post-training efficiency) in sensory coding processes superimposed on preexisting structural differences in bilateral auditory cortex.
High strain fatigue in a Ni(Cr)-TaC fibrous eutectic

The eutectic Ni(Cr)-TaC has been directionally solidified to yield a fibrous composite. The material was studied in strain-limited low-cycle fatigue at room temperature and 1000°C. The eutectic with brittle fibers and a ductile matrix was found to obey the Coffin-Manson law at both temperatures. The hysteresis behavior is explained and related to tensile deformation. Surface studies of highly polished cyclic-bend specimens revealed the fatigue crack nucleation and early growth characteristics. The data are compared to conventional materials, and the fatigue resistance is found to be essentially equivalent.
On the symmetry of proper orthogonal decomposition modes of a low-aspect-ratio plate

In this paper, the symmetry property and corresponding virtual force contribution of the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) modes are numerically investigated for the low-Reynolds number flows passing over a low-aspect-ratio pitching-plunging plate. It is found that the flow and its POD modes have the same reflectional symmetry about the spanwise central plane. However, about the crossflow central plane, the spatio-temporal flow symmetry results in a change of symmetry pattern every two POD modes, which corresponds to odd or even multiples of the vortex shedding frequency. Based on a wake survey method for virtual forces, the POD modes are further classified into two groups, thrust- and lift-producing modes, respectively. Results have also shown that the distinct symmetry properties of these modes can be used to identify the correlation between the wake structure and the hydrodynamic force production.
The New Investor

A sea change is happening in finance. Machines appear to be on the rise and humans on the decline. Human endeavors have become unmanned endeavors. Human thought and human deliberation have been replaced by computerized analysis and mathematical models. Technological advances have made finance faster, larger, more global, more interconnected, and less human. Modern finance is becoming an industry in which the main players are no longer entirely human. Instead, the key players are now cyborgs: part machine, part human. Modern finance is transforming into what this Article calls cyborg finance.This Article offers one of the first broad, descriptive, and normative examinations of this sea change and its wide-ranging effects on law, society, and finance. The Article begins by placing the rise of artificial intelligence and computerization in finance within a larger social context. Next, it explores the evolution and birth of a new investor paradigm in law precipitated by that rise. This Article then identifies and addresses regulatory dangers, challenges, and consequences tied to the increasing reliance on artificial intelligence and computers. Specifically, it warns of emerging financial threats in cyberspace, examines new systemic risks linked to speed and connectivity, studies law’s capacity to govern this evolving financial landscape, and explores the growing resource asymmetries in finance. Finally, drawing on themes from the legal discourse about the choice between rules and standards, this Article closes with a defense of humans in an uncertain financial world in which machines continue to rise, and it asserts that smarter humans working with smart machines possess the key to better returns and better futures.
A Guide to the Interventional Radiology Residency Program Requirements

The program requirements for the new Interventional Radiology (IR) Residency were approved by the ACGME in September 2014. Soon, training institutions will be able to apply for accreditation and begin enrolling residents. The IR program requirements are long (44 pages) and a bit complex. In addition, some concepts in the program requirements, such as options for integrated or independent formats, may be unfamiliar to the radiology community. In this article, we summarize key concepts and explain important provisions in the IR program requirements. We hope to provide the reader with a firm foundation for understanding the full program requirement document and the application process.
The emergence of competitors to the Science Citation Index and the Web of Science

EUGENE Garfield’s seminal paper ‘Citation indexes for science’ and his subsequent response to Schoenbach provided the intellectual foundation for the wide variety of citation indexing products emerging as competitors to what has become the Web of Science (WoS). As Garfield succinctly pointed out, subject or classified indexes can, as a practical matter, only provide ‘subject’ access at the article level. Citation indexing, however, takes advantage of an author’s indexing of parts of the article and has the potential to obviate many of the problems scientists experience with indexing terminology and nomenclature. Furthermore, Garfield suggests that, ‘it is impossible for any one person (e.g. the indexer) to anticipate all the thought processes of a user’ ... and ‘by using authors’ references in compiling the citation index, we are in reality utilizing an army of indexers, for every time an author makes a reference he is in effect indexing that work from his point of view’. In this regard, Garfield also alluded to an often overlooked analogy between subject and citation indexing and Chemical Abstracts and Beilstein. Subject indexes, including the Chemical Abstracts General Subject Index (CA GSI), generally index articles at the level at which they are written. For example, a comprehensive review article on ‘Dissociation constants and limiting conductances of organic acids in water’ only has index terms for ‘dissociation constants’ and ‘acids, properties’. While, as Garfield noted, ‘in a certain sense a citation index is not very different from a compendium like Beilstein’ which would index each compound described in the article and relate them to the physical property reported. Fortunately, Garfield’s seminal article ‘Citation indexes for science’ not only led to the Science Citation Index and the WoS, but also to the development of subject retrieval, based on cited references, in a plethora of other services. In contrast with these other services, however, the WoS uniquely offers ‘author/source’ citation searching which, with some diligence, also uniquely retrieves mis-cited or in-press references. Services currently offering cited reference searching include:
College Unions, Learning, and Community Building

This chapter examines the importance of college union facilities to create community and to enhance the role of college unions as the “living room of the campus.”
Where Mourning Takes Them: Migrants, Borders, and an Alternative Reality

Abstract This article addresses mourning for a Mexican migrant who died in the Arizona desert in March or April 2005. Mourning, family members and acquaintances indicate, is an indefinite process revealed through figurative representations: metaphor and metonym. Mourning as metaphor associates an actual death with instances of loss that occur in other semantic domains—the household, motherhood, and gender constructions. As a metonym, mourning stands for these instances, which, collectively, account for a substratum of social life that is not amenable to logical criticism but persists in the formation of perception and judgment. This dialectic highlights epistemological and ontological borders that provide insight into people's dispositions within the conditions of poverty and wage labor. The borders also provide a vantage point for novel identification, ethical orientation, and behavior that come to shape an alternative reality. [mourning, migration, identity, poetics, Mexico]
Microbiome and potential targets for chemoprevention of esophageal adenocarcinoma

Esophageal cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, with a dismal prognosis. It is increasingly recognized that esophageal cancer is a heterogeneous disease. It can be subdivided into two distinct groups: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, based on histological appearance. In the Western world, the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma was considerably higher than esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) until the 1990s when, due to a dramatic increase, the incidence of EA surpassed that of squamous cell carcinoma. EA typically follows a well-established stepwise evolution from chronic inflammation due to reflux esophagitis (RE) that progresses to metaplasia (Barrett's esophagus [BE]) to dysplasia, which often culminates in EA. The pathophysiology of EA is complex and involves diverse factors, including gastroesophageal reflux, gastric acid secretion, dysfunction of the antireflux barrier, gastric emptying disturbances, and abnormalities in esophageal defense mechanisms. The current understanding of the etiology of EA is mainly derived from epidemiological studies of risk factors such as cigarette smoking, obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disorders (GERD), and low fruit and vegetable consumption. Numerous studies have been done, but the factors that drive the dynamic increase in the incidence of EA remain elusive. The advent of widespread antibiotic use occurred in the 1950s, preceding the surge of EA. Based on this temporal sequence, it has been hypothesized that antibiotics alter the microbiome to which the esophagus is exposed in patients who have GERD and that chronic exposure to this abnormal microbiome (ie, changes in species diversity or abundance) accounts for the increase in EA. If changes in the proposed factors alter the stepwise progression (RE-BE-dysplasia-EA), they may represent potential targets for chemoprevention. New discoveries will help improve our understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of these cancers, and aid in finding novel therapeutic targets.
A Collaborative Disability Studies-based Undergraduate Art Project at Two Universities

In this manuscript, we discuss research findings from a collaborative visual arts curricular unit on ableism, which we implemented in non-Disability Studies undergraduate courses at two universities during the 2012-2013 academic year. Our project builds on previous research in which we (Derby, 2015, in press; Karr & Weida, 2013) began adding Disability Studies arts pedagogy to our undergraduate coursework. For this project, we developed a shared unit, which we implemented in a general freshman seminar course, an introductory art teaching methods course, and an upper level art education course on applied technology. Utilizing a pedagogy of transformation , we engaged students with shared resources, including lectures, readings, and videos on Disability Studies and ableism; the project culminated with each student producing and exhibiting both an artwork and an artist's statement. After reviewing the literature and describing the project and research methods, we provide a nuanced discussion of the data, especially the artwork. The data indicate that our students, who were previously unexposed to ableism, conceptualized ableism at least on an elementary level, with many students demonstrating advanced conceptualization of ableism in one or more of three categories. Our findings suggest that integrating Disability Studies into non-Disability Studies curricula on a small scale can be useful, but that results are limited by the complexities of disability. The success of the project indicates that incorporating Disability Studies into standard curricula through a pedagogy of transformation can reach typical college students who are unfamiliar with Disability Studies concepts.
Associations among Depression Symptoms with Alcohol and Smoking Tobacco Use in Adult Patients with Congenital Heart Disease.

Background Adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients have high rates of untreated depression and anxiety disorders. We evaluated associations among self-reported depression symptoms and alcohol/smoking tobacco use. Methods From 2009 to 2013, 202 ACHD patients (45% male) completed questionnaires on depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and substance use as part of routine clinical care. Data were collected by retrospective chart review. Results Mean age was 31 ± 10 years, 21% reported often feeling depressed and 33% reported feeling nervous or anxious. Sixty-one percent of patients reported some alcohol intake; 25% reported current or previous smoking tobacco use. Patients with depressive symptoms were 3× as likely to report drinking alcohol (OR 2.89; 95% CI 1.29–6.5) and 5× more likely to report smoking tobacco use (OR 5.17; 95% CI 1.49–17.87). Fourteen percent of patients were prescribed antidepressant/antianxiety medications; 43% of patients on medication reported depressive symptoms. In patients reporting symptoms, those who consumed alcohol were less likely to be on antidepressant/antianxiety medications (21%) than those who did not consume alcohol (56%). Conclusion Self-reported depressive symptoms are associated with increased alcohol and smoking tobacco use by ACHD patients. Alcohol use may be a means of self-medicating for untreated depression, but further investigation is needed. Risk factors, including depressive symptoms and substance use, should be routinely assessed and addressed in ACHD patients.
Crop Genetic Improvement for Enhanced Human Nutrition

In the past decade, micronutrient malnutrition has been identified as a major underlying cause of numerous human health problems in developing countries. The international agricultural research system has been highly successful in producing crop varieties with traits desired by farmers, such as higher yield and greater tolerance of poor growing conditions. These improved varieties have spread widely throughout developing countries and now provide the staple foods eaten daily by billions of people, including the poor in many difficult to reach rural areas. Modern plant breeding and biotechnology offer new opportunities to use this same international system to increase the micronutrient content and enhance the nutritional value of these staple foods. Over time, this could be an important complement to the progress that is being made in providing micronutrient supplements and fortified foods and in encouraging people to eat more diversified diets. Nutritionists and agriculturists will need to work together to define the deficiencies, target the right populations and deliver the right products.