cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mindfulness training in stuttering therapy: a tutorial for speech-language pathologists.

Abstract The use of mindfulness training for increasing psychological well-being in a variety of clinical and nonclinical populations has exploded over the last decade. In the area of stuttering, it has been widely recognized that effective long-term management often necessitates treatment of cognitive and affective dimensions of the disorder in addition to behavioral components. Yet, mindfulness based strategies and their possible usefulness in stuttering management have not been described in detail in the literature. This article seeks to engage professionals who treat stuttering in a conversation about the possible usefulness of incorporating mindfulness training into stuttering management. A review of the literature reveals that there is a substantial overlap between what is required for effective stuttering management and the benefits provided by mindfulness practices. Mindfulness practice results in decreased avoidance, increased emotional regulation, and acceptance in addition to improved sensory-perceptual processing and attentional regulation skills. These skills are important for successful long-term stuttering management on both psychosocial and sensory-motor levels. It is concluded that the integration of mindfulness training and stuttering treatment appears practical and worthy of exploration. Mindfulness strategies adapted for people who stutter may help in the management of cognitive, affective, and behavioral challenges associated with stuttering. Educational objectives: Readers should be able to: (1) describe what mindfulness is and how it is cultivated; (2) identify the benefits that can be produced from mindfulness practice; (3) summarize how the benefits of mindfulness practice parallel what is often required for effective long-term stuttering management; and (4) identify specific mindfulness techniques that can be taught in stuttering therapy and explain their rationale.
Superficial siderosis associated with multiple cavernous malformations: report of three cases.

Objective and importance Superficial siderosis is a rare but potentially devastating syndrome caused by recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage. We present three cases of superficial siderosis associated with multiple cavernous malformations, and we review previous reports of superficial siderosis attributable to vascular malformations. Clinical presentation Patients most commonly present with progressive sensorineural hearing loss, cerebellar ataxia, and pyramidal signs. Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis may precede symptom development, however. In two of our cases, superficial siderosis was identified on magnetic resonance imaging scans in the absence of clinical symptoms. Intervention Magnetic resonance imaging studies revealed hemosiderin deposition, characteristic of superficial siderosis, and multiple cavernous malformations in all three cases. Surgical intervention was not pursued. Conclusion We conclude that patients with multiple cavernous malformations and those with perisubarachnoid lesions are at risk for the development of superficial siderosis. Clinicians should recognize the radiographic appearance of superficial siderosis and its clinical presentation in patients with vascular malformations.
Fe isotope fractionation during equilibration of Fe-organic complexes

Despite the importance of Fe-organic complexes in the environment, few studies have investigated Fe isotope effects driven by changes in Fe coordination that involve organic ligands. Previous experimental (Dideriksen et al., 2008, Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 269:280-290) and theoretical (Domagal-Goldman et al., 2009, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 73:1-12) studies disagreed on the sense of fractionation between Fe-desferrioxamine B (Fe-DFOB) and Fe(H(2)O)(6)(3+). Using a new experimental technique that employs a dialysis membrane to separate equilibrated Fe-ligand pools, we measured the equilibrium isotope fractionations between Fe-DFOB and (1) Fe bound to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and (2) Fe bound to oxalate. We observed no significant isotope fractionation between Fe-DFOB and Fe-EDTA (Delta(56/54)Fe(Fe-DFOB/Fe-EDTA) approximately 0.02 +/- 0.11 per thousand) and a small but significant fractionation between Fe-DFOB and Fe-oxalate (Delta(56/54)Fe(Fe-DFOB/Fe-Ox(3)) = 0.20 +/- 0.11 per thousand). Taken together, our results and those of Dideriksen et al. (2008) reveal a strong positive correlation between measured fractionation factors and the Fe-binding affinity of the ligands. This correlation supports the experimental results of Dideriksen et al. (2008). Further, it provides a simple empirical tool that may be used to predict fractionation factors for Fe-ligand complexes not yet studied experimentally.
The North Carolina Lottery Coincidence

The sets of five numbers picked in the North Carolina Cash-5 Lottery game were identical on July 9th and 11th, 2007. This coincidence was the topic of a local television station news story on July 12 in which I played a minor role. This article documents the coincidence, my interactions with the television reporter seeking to understand how likely, or unlikely, the coincidence was, and some afterthoughts, including an analysis of the likelihood of matching sets of numbers.
A decision model for planetary missions

Many techniques developed for the solution of problems in economics and operations research are directly applicable to problems involving engineering trade-offs. This paper investigates the use of utility theory for decision making in planetary exploration space missions. A decision model is derived that accounts for the objectives of the mission - science - the cost of flying the mission and the risk of mission failure. A simulation methodology for obtaining the probability distribution of science value and costs as a function spacecraft and mission design is presented and an example application of the decision methodology is given for various potential alternatives in a comet Encke mission.
Soil streptomycetes and bacteria related to lysis of Blastomyces dermatitidis.

Twenty-eight microorganisms (22 streptomycetes and 6 bacteria) isolated from unsterilized soils baited with yeast cells of B. dermatitidis were purified on a mineral agar containing B. dermatitidis yeast cells as a carbon source.Twenty of these Streptomyces spp. and 2 species of the genus Bacillus when streaked individually on Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar, previously seeded with living B. dermatitidis yeast cells, inhibited mycelial growth. One species of Streptomyces was shown to be as inhibiting as Streptomyces nodosus Trejo (the Amphotericin-producing streptomycete).Six of the lytic Streptomyces spp. were individually shown to inhibit the growth of B. dermatitidis when they were introduced into sterile soil.Our limited experiments did not show that antibiotics caused inhibition of B. dermatitidis in media or in soil, but it was thought that the disappearance of B. dermatitidis from natural soils might be caused by inhibition of growth by antibiotics (or other metabolites), by enzymatic degradation of dead...
ADAPTIVE CLUSTER SAMPLING FOR ESTIMATION OF ABUNDANCES WITHIN LOCAL POPULATIONS OF LOW‐ABUNDANCE PLANTS

Quantitative estimates of abundance for rare plants can be difficult, as the most widely used sampling techniques are ill-suited for rarity. Adaptive cluster sampling (ACS) can take advantage of the spatial clustering common in rare plant populations to provide more efficient unbiased estimates of population sizes than simple random sampling. When plants are found in a quadrat, all adjacent quadrats are adaptively added to the sample. Despite this biased sampling, the Horvitz-Thompson estimator for adaptive cluster sampling provides unbiased estimates of population means or totals, and variances of those estimates. Because ACS disproportionately samples quadrats with plants, it can provide additional efficiency whenever further attributes of rare individuals need to be assessed, such as demographic parameters or genotypes. Adaptive cluster sampling was performed on a population of Aletris bracteata, a moderately visible herbaceous species, in a savanna near Chekika, Everglades National Park, Florida. Both 1-m2 and 4-m2 quadrats provided reasonable estimates of the population size. The 1-m2 sampling included 30–36% of the estimated total plants while sampling only 5% of the total area. The 4-m2 sampling captured 78% of the estimated total population while sampling only 21% of the area.
Cleavage of some alkyl aryl ethers by triphenylsilyllithium

Abstract The reaction of triphenylsilyllithium with some methyl aryl ethers gave methyltriphenylsilane and the corresponding phenolic compound. The mild cleavage could not be extended to the ethyl or n-propyl phenyl ethers. The extreme steric sensitivity of triphenylsilyllithium is considered to be the major factor contributing to the lack of cleavage, while steric requirements of the aryl group do not appear to affect the reaction. The cleavage was not facilitated by the use of less bulky silylmetallic reagents.
Frequency response of the swimbladder of the oyster toadfish

Abstract 1. 1. The frequency response of the swimbladder of the oyster toadfish Opsanus tau L. was measured with vibration and pressure detectors. 2. 2. There is no evidence of resonance or amplification of acoustic signals by the swimbladder at frequencies audible to the toadfish. 3. 3. The swimbladder does not appear to determine the frequency response of the fish's hearing or of the sound it produces.
Estimation of methane emission from California natural gas industry

Energy generation and consumption are the main contributors to greenhouse gases emissions in California. Natural gas is one of the primary sources of energy in California. A study was recently conducted to develop current, reliable, and California-specific source emission factors (EFs) that could be used to establish a more accurate methane emission inventory for the California natural gas industry. Twenty-five natural gas facilities were surveyed; the surveyed equipment included wellheads (172), separators (131), dehydrators (17), piping segments (145), compressors (66), pneumatic devices (374), metering and regulating (M&R) stations (19), hatches (34), pumps (2), and customer meters (12). In total, 92,157 components were screened, including flanges (10,101), manual valves (10,765), open-ended lines (384), pressure relief valves (358), regulators (930), seals (146), threaded connections (57,061), and welded connections (12,274). Screening values (SVs) were measured using portable monitoring instruments, ...
In vivo evaluation of doxorubicin-loaded polymeric micelles targeting folate receptors and early endosomal pH in drug-resistant ovarian cancer.

The second generation of pH-sensitive micelles composed of poly(l-histidine-co-l-phenlyalanine(16 mol %))(MW:5K)-b-PEG(MW:2K) and poly(l-lactic acid)(MW:3K)-b-PEG(MW:2K)-folate (80/20 wt/wt %) was ...
THE OPTIMUM PH OF FOUR STRAINS OF ACIDOPHILIC SNOW ALGAE IN THE GENUS CHLOROMONAS (CHLOROPHYTA) AND POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF ACID PRECIPITATION1

Four axenic strains of snow algae were examined for optimum pH under laboratory conditions using M-1 growth medium. Growth was measured using cell counts, cell measurements and absorbance readings at 440 nm. Strains C204 and C479A of Chloromonas sp. from the Adirondack Mountains, New York, grew optimally at pH 4.0 to 5.0. Strains C381F and C381G, Chloromonas polyptera (Fritsch) Hoh., Mull. & Roem. from the White Mountains, Arizona, grew optimally at pH 4.5 to 5.0. Growth was significantly higher at pH 4.0 in the northeastern species (Chloromonas sp.), but no significant difference was observed in final growth at pH 4.5, 5.0 and 5.5 between species. It is postulated that the more acidic precipitation in the northeastern United States may be selecting for strains of snow algae with greater tolerance to acidity than in strains from the southwestern United States or that the different pH optima reported are simply species differences. New York strain C204 was also grown in heavily buffered AM medium where it had an optimum pH of 5.0, but cells became irregularly shaped and tended to clump at pH 6.0 to 7.0. Growth of C204 in AM medium was significantly lower than in M-1 medium for snow algae. These findings justify the use of M-1 medium for this type of experimentation.
Ethylene/Norbornene Copolymerizations with Titanium CpA Catalysts

Group 4 ansa-cyclopentadienylamido (CpA) complexes [Me2Si(Cp‘)(NR)]MCl2 (R = alkyl, M = Ti, Zr) efficiently copolymerize ethylene with a variety of α-olefins. Ethylene/norbornene copolymerization reactivity ratios were determined at 40 °C for CpA catalysts [Me2Si(Cp‘)(NtBu)]TiCl2 (Cp‘ = Me4Cp, 2,4-Me2Cp, 3-tBuCp, Ind), and the resulting values are low (r1 = 2.0−5.1, r2 → 0), suggesting a tendency toward alternating comonomer insertion at high norbornene/ethylene feed ratios. As reaction temperature is increased and norbornene concentration is decreased, productivity increases and norbornene incorporation decreases. No more than 46 mol % norbornene is incorporated into the copolymer using these CpA catalysts even at low feed ratios (E/N ≥ 0.02), and norbornene homopolymerizations with [Me2Si(Me4Cp)(NtBu)]TiCl2 proceed to very low conversion (<1%). 13C NMR spectroscopy of CpA-derived poly(ethylene-co-norbornene)s shows the copolymers contain virtually no consecutive norbornene sequences, and the microstruct...
Practical solution to the Monte Carlo sign problem: Realistic calculations of 54Fe

We present a practical solution to the "sign problem" in the auxiliary field Monte Carlo approach to the nuclear shell model. The method is based on extrapolation from a continuous family of problem-free Hamiltonians. To demonstrate the resultant ability to treat large shell-model problems, we present results for the 54Fe in the full fp-shell basis using the Brown-Richter interaction. We find the Gamow-Teller β+ strength to be quenched by 58% relative to the single-particle estimate, in better agreement with experiment than previous estimates based on truncated bases.
Local vibrational modes of the formic acid dimer – the strength of the double hydrogen bond

The 24 normal and 24 local vibrational modes of the formic acid dimer formed by two trans formic acid monomers to a ring (TT1) are analysed utilising preferentially experimental frequencies, but also CCSD(T)/CBS and ωB97X-D harmonic vibrational frequencies. The local hydrogen bond (HB) stretching frequencies are at 676 cm−1 and by this 482 and 412 cm−1 higher compared to the measured symmetric and asymmetric HB stretching frequencies at 264 and 194 cm−1. The adiabatic connection scheme between local and normal vibrational modes reveals that the lowering is due to the topology of dimer TT1, mass coupling, and avoided crossings involving the H⋅⋅⋅OC bending modes. The HB local mode stretching force constant is related to the strength of the HB whereas the normal mode stretching force constant and frequency lead to an erroneous underestimation of the HB strength. The HB in TT1 is stabilised by electron delocalisation in the O=C–O units fostered by forming a ring via double HBs. This implies that the CO apart ...
On the stability of NF4+NO3− and a new synthesis of fluorine nitrate

Abstract The reaction of NF4+SbF6− with alkali metal nitrates in either CH3CN or SO2 solution at low temperatures produces FONO2 in quantitative yield. Attempts were unsuccessful to prepare FONO from NF4SbF6 and KNO2 in an analogous manner.
A perturbative correction to the quadratic coupled-cluster doubles method for higher excitations

A perturbative correction to the quadratic coupled-cluster doubles (QCCD) method is proposed. This correction, QCCD(2), is based on modifying the existing second-order correction to optimized-orbital coupled-cluster doubles to avoid double-counting contributions from quadruple excitations. Comparisons against full configuration interaction calculations are presented for the equilibrium bond distance and harmonic vibrational frequency of the nitrogen molecule and for the dissociation of the nitrogen and water molecules in the cc-pVDZ basis set.
Requirement of Cdk2-cyclin E activity for repeated centrosome reproduction in Xenopus egg extracts

The abnormally high number of centrosomes found in many human tumor cells can lead directly to aneuploidy and genomic instability through the formation of multipolar mitotic spindles. To facilitate investigation of the mechanisms that control centrosome reproduction, a frog egg extract arrested in S phase of the cell cycle that supported repeated assembly of daughter centrosomes was developed. Multiple rounds of centrosome reproduction were blocked by selective inactivation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2-cyclin E (Cdk2-E) and were restored by addition of purified Cdk2-E. Confocal immunomicroscopy revealed that cyclin E was localized at the centrosome. These results demonstrate that Cdk2-E activity is required for centrosome duplication during S phase and suggest a mechanism that could coordinate centrosome reproduction with cycles of DNA synthesis and mitosis.
The interaction of IgE with rat basophilic leukemia cells--VI. Inhibition by IgGa immune complexes.

Abstract Antigen-antibody complexes prepared from rat IgGa inhibited the binding of rat IgE by rat basophilic leukemia cells, but failed to inhibit IgE binding to small membrane particles from such cells. Monomeric IgGa could not be shown to bind to the cells in direct studies and failed to inhibit IgE binding. The results can be rationalized on the basis of a weak intrinsic affinity of IgGa for the receptor for IgE which is amplified by extensive multipoint attachement.
The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor MS-275 Interacts Synergistically with Fludarabine to Induce Apoptosis in Human Leukemia Cells

Interactions between the novel benzamide histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor MS-275 and fludarabine were examined in lymphoid and myeloid human leukemia cells in relation to mitochondrial injury, signal transduction events, and apoptosis. Prior exposure of Jurkat lymphoblastic leukemia cells to a marginally toxic concentration of MS-275 (e.g., 500 nM) for 24 h sharply increased mitochondrial injury, caspase activation, and apoptosis in response to a minimally toxic concentration of fludarabine (500 nM), resulting in highly synergistic antileukemic interactions and loss of clonogenic survival. Simultaneous exposure to MS-275 and fludarabine also led to synergistic effects, but these were not as pronounced as observed with sequential treatment. Similar interactions were noted in the case of (a) other human leukemia cell lines (e.g., U937, CCRF-CEM); (b) other HDAC inhibitors (e.g., sodium butyrate); and (c) other nucleoside analogues (e.g., 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, gemcitabine). Potentiation of fludarabine lethality by MS-275 was associated with acetylation of histones H3 and H4, down-regulation of the antiapoptotic proteins XIAP and Mcl-1, enhanced cytosolic release of proapoptotic mitochondrial proteins (e.g., cytochrome c, Smac/DIABLO, and apoptosis-inducing factor), and caspase activation. It was also accompanied by the caspase-dependent down-regulation of p27(KIP1), cyclins A, E, and D(1), and cleavage and diminished phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. However, increased lethality of the combination was not associated with enhanced fludarabine triphosphate formation or DNA incorporation and occurred despite a slight reduction in the S-phase fraction. Prior exposure to MS-275 attenuated fludarabine-mediated activation of MEK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and Akt, and enhanced c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase phosphorylation; furthermore, inducible expression of constitutively active MEK1/2 or Akt significantly diminished MS-275/fludarabine-induced lethality. Combined exposure of cells to MS-275 and fludarabine was associated with a significant increase in generation of reactive oxygen species; moreover, both the increase in reactive oxygen species and apoptosis were largely attenuated by coadministration of the free radical scavenger L-N-acetylcysteine. Finally, prior administration of MS-275 markedly potentiated fludarabine-mediated generation of the proapoptotic lipid second messenger ceramide. Taken together, these findings indicate that the HDAC inhibitor MS-275 induces multiple perturbations in signal transduction, survival, and cell cycle regulatory pathways that lower the threshold for fludarabine-mediated mitochondrial injury and apoptosis in human leukemia cells. They also provide insights into possible mechanisms by which novel, clinically relevant HDAC inhibitors might be used to enhance the antileukemic activity of established nucleoside analogues such as fludarabine.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mus81-Mms4 is a catalytic, DNA structure-selective endonuclease

The DNA structure-selective endonuclease Mus81-Mms4/Eme1 is a context-specific recombination factor that supports DNA replication, but is not essential for DSB repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We overexpressed Mus81-Mms4 in S. cerevisiae, purified the heterodimer to apparent homogeneity, and performed a classical enzymological characterization. Kinetic analysis (k(cat), K(M)) demonstrated that Mus81-Mms4 is catalytically active and identified three substrate classes in vitro. Class I substrates reflect low K(M) (3-7 nM) and high k(cat) ( approximately 1 min(-1)) and include the nicked Holliday junction, 3'-flapped and replication fork-like structures. Class II substrates share low K(M) (1-6 nM) but low k(cat) (< or =0.3 min(-1)) relative to Class I substrates and include the D-loop and partial Holliday junction. The splayed Y junction defines a class III substrate having high K(M) ( approximately 30 nM) and low k(cat) (0.26 min(-1)). Holliday junctions assembled from oligonucleotides with or without a branch migratable core were negligibly cut in vitro. We found that Mus81 and Mms4 are phosphorylated constitutively and in the presence of the genotoxin MMS. The endogenous complex purified in either modification state is negligibly active on Holliday junctions. Hence, Holliday junction incision activity in vitro cannot be attributed to the Mus81-Mms4 heterodimer in isolation.
A conceptual framework for research on lifetime violence, posttraumatic stress, and childbearing

The objective of this theoretical article is to describe a conceptual framework for research on effects of past and current abuse and posttraumatic stress on childbearing women. The proposed framework builds on an earlier framework proposed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for research on violence occurring around the time of pregnancy. Two main adaptations are suggested. First, cumulative lifetime history of abuse trauma is added to the framework in addition to violence occurring around the time of pregnancy. Second, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is given greater emphasis as a potential factor contributing to adverse maternity outcomes based on the theoretical proposition that PTSD could be a plausible mechanism for adverse outcomes via both behavioral and neuroendocrine pathways. More research is needed on the effects of violence and PTSD on childbearing. This framework for research could be used to facilitate design of studies in which investigators want to consider PTSD as a potential mediator between lifetime exposure to violence and negative childbearing processes and outcomes. It is congruent with a CDC framework for research and could be incorporated into studies designed to meet their recommendations.
The Demand for Abortion by Unmarried Teenagers

Abstract A demand model was developed and applied to a nationally representative sample of unmarried, pregnant teenagers drawn from the National Longitudinal Surveys in order to identify the economic determinants of abortion Measures of the opportunity costs of pregnancy were found to play a major role in the individual's decision to give birth or to abort Economic variables in the analysis included predicted wages, local area unemployment rates, other family income, poverty status, and school enrollment status Other factors found to be significant were age, ethnicity, and religiosity In general, young women in favorable economic circumstances were substantially more likely than others to abort a pregnancy
Town Meets Gown: Creating a Collaborative Process for Expanding a University’s Recycling Program While Supporting a City’s Waste Diversion Efforts

Recycling presents a unique challenge for Iowa State University. It diverts 83 percent of its campus waste with the help of a Resource Recovery Plant that produces Refuse-Derived Fuel for a municipal, coal-fired power plant, effectively obviat ing a need for campus-wide recycling. This study was conducted because the university community has consistently shown strong interest in expanding recycling. Results showed that: 1.) the university recycles fewer commodities compared to peer institutions; 2.) beverage containers showed the greatest opportunity to expand current campus recycling efforts; 3.) closer proximity of recycling bins to newspaper stands, vending machines, and cafes, along with recycling education, could increase recycling; and 4.) students are willing to pay additional funds to expand recycling. Changes implemented based on study recommendations included a pilot recycling program for redeemable beverage containers at the Memorial Union in 2010 and a volunteer-driven program for glass, metal, plastic, and mixed paper in six campus buildings in 2012. The Live Green! website was upgraded and linked to social media; recycling bins were located on the campus map; recycling educational and signage efforts increased; use of refillable coffee mugs expanded; a dialog on recycling and diversion began with the city; and the Government of the Student Body formed a sustainability committee. The university community learned about their im pact on the university environment and realized the importance of implementing a program of Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. The expansion of the university’s recycling program supports the city’s in-place waste diversion efforts.
Application of MIMO theory to the analysis of broadband fixed wireless access diversity systems above 10GHz

In this paper, a novel approach to the analysis of BFWA diversity systems has been presented which is quite different and more communications-oriented than the traditional propagation-based ones. In particular, it is shown that a double CSD BFWA system operating at frequencies above 10 GHz and under rain fades can be seen as a special case of a 2/spl times/2 MIMO system. After pointing out the differences and establishing the exact relationship between the two systems, well-known results available in the MIMO literature were applied for the performance analysis of BFWA diversity systems. This paper particularly looked at the single-user capacity of such a system in both cases that the channel is known and unknown to the transmitter. An interesting outcome of the analysis is that there is no significant capacity gain due to feedback, which further implies that no additional complexity in terms of feedback links is useful to a BFWA diversity system. This can be ascribed to the high correlation of rainfall medium. Furthermore, simulation results have shown that, in case of unbalanced BFWA diversity systems, exclusive power allocation is the optimal choice at low SNR, whereas at high SNR, equal power allocation is the optimal one. This paper hopes that this relationship between the two systems can be used to obtain additional useful insights into the design and analysis of BFWA diversity systems by drawing on the vast body of MIMO literature that is currently available.
Ocular examination techniques for the emergency department

The purpose of this article is to provide a guide to assist the Emergency Physician in examining the eye. The evaluation of a patient with eye problems consists of a history, visual acuity, pupil examination, external examination, extra ocular movements, visual fields, and color vision. The patient is then examined at the slit lamp. After the slit lamp examination, the fundus and optic nerve is examined with a direct ophthalmoscope and intraocular pressure is measured. Special tests such as a plain film study and computed tomography (CT) scan may be obtained when indicated and, finally, referral to an ophthalmologist can be made for a dilated fundus examination, ultrasound studies of the eye and orbit, and surgical treatment.
Assessing and comparing risk to climate changes among forested locations: implications for ecosystem services

Forests provide key ecosystem services (ES) and the extent to which the ES are realized varies spatially, with forest composition and cultural context, and in breadth, depending on the dominant tree species inhabiting an area. We address the question of how climate change may impact ES within the temperate and diverse forests of the eastern United States. We quantify the vulnerability to changes in forest habitat by 2100, based on the overall pressures of community change from an aggregation of current and potential future habitats for 134 tree species at each of 149 US Department of Defense installations. To do so, we derive an index, Forest-Related Index of Climate Vulnerability, composed of several indicators of vulnerability for each site. Further, a risk matrix (likelihood 9 consequences) provides a visual cue to compare vulnerabilities among species (example from Pennsylvania) or among sites (example for Acer saccharum (sugar maple) in Vermont vs. Kentucky). Potential changes in specific ES can then be qualita- tively examined. For example in Pennsylvania, the loss of the provisioning services (wood products) of Prunus serotina (black cherry) and Fraxinus ameri- cana (white ash) habitat projected for the future will not likely be compensated for by concomitant increases in Juniperus virginiana (redcedar) and Pinus echinata (shortleaf pine) habitat. Taken together, this approach provides a conceptual framework that allows for consideration of how potential changes in tree species habitats, as impacted by climate change, can be combined to explore relative changes in important ES that forests provide.
The 1990s research program: implications for management and the emerging organization

Abstract The external business environment has become more turbulent over the last several years and this is likely to continue. At the same time the functionality and cost of information technology has been improving steadily. The combination of these two forces can give rise to a quite different new organization — the flexible organization. Research has shown the nature of the inhibiting factor that has caused this transformation to only occur in some organization.
Legalizing Moves: Salvadoran Immigrants' Struggle for U.S. Residency

Legalizing Moves: Salvadoran Immigrants' Struggle for U.S. Residency Susan Bibler Coutin (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press 2003)
Wavepath eikonal traveltime inversion: Theory

We present a general formula for the back projection of traveltime residuals in traveltime tomography. For special choices of an arbitrary weighting factor this formula reduces to the asymptotic back‐projection term in ray‐tracing tomography (RT), the Woodward‐Rocca method, wavepath eikonal traveltime inversion (WET), and wave‐equation traveltime inversion (WT). This unification provides for an understanding of the differences and similarities among these traveltime tomography methods. The special case of the WET formula leads to a computationally efficient inversion scheme in the space‐time domain that is, in principle, almost as effective as WT inversion yet is an order of magnitude faster. It also leads to an analytic formula for the fast computation of wavepaths. Unlike ray‐tracing tomography, WET partially accounts for band‐limited source and shadow effects in the data. Several numerical tests of the WET method are used to illustrate its properties.
Long-Term Interest Rates in the United States: An Empirical Analysis

Some new empirical evidence on the determination of long-term interest rates in the United States is presented. The empirical results generally support the view that fiscal deficits raise real long-term interest rates. The paper also discusses both theoretical considerations and other empirical evidence that suggest that neither the response of private saving nor international capital mobility has prevented budget deficits from raising interest rates.
Nonprofit Federalism and the Csbg Program Serving the Needs of the Working Poor in the Post-TANF Era

To understand more about the functions of community action agencies in the post-Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) era, a survey of executive directors and staff members was conducted in the state of Missouri. The survey revealed that community action agencies in the state are filling in the service gaps caused by state social service cutbacks. Practitioner focus has shifted from community to individual needs. Although Community Services Block Grant (CSBG) administrators feel the quality of services continues to remain high, clients have been turned away because of the lack of resources. Moreover, administrators perceive increased service demands because of welfare reform. To meet client needs, executive directors and staff members have formed collaborative relationships with other private nonprofit entities and faith-based organizations, raising questions of accountability.
Can We Predict Long-term Community Crime Problems? The Estimation of Ecological Continuity to Model Risk Heterogeneity

Objectives:In small-scale, intra-urban communities, do fundamental demographic correlates of crime, proven important in community criminology, link to next year’s crime levels, even after controlling for this year’s crime levels? If they do, it would imply that shifting ecologies of crime apparent after a year are driven in part by dynamics emerging from structural differentials. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this question has not yet been addressed.Methods:For Philadelphia (PA) census block groups, 2005 to 2009 data from the American Community Survey and 2009 crime counts were used to predict spatially smoothed 2010 crime counts in three different models: crime only, demographics only, and crime plus demographics. Models are tested for major personal (murder, rape-aggravated assault, and robbery) and property (burglary and motor vehicle theft) crimes.Results:For all crime types investigated except rape and homicide, crime plus demographics resulted in the best combination of prediction/simplicit...
Finite-Time Stability for Nonlinear Networked Control Systems

Finite-time stability of nonlinear networked control systems is studied in this chapter. Focusing on packet dropping, a deterministic model for networked control systems is realized by incorporating the network dynamics. This links the fields of control of networks and networked control systems.
18F-FDG Imaging of Carotid Arteries for Identifying the Vulnerable Patient: Are We at the Beginning of the End?

During the past decade, there have been several landmark clinical studies demonstrating the use of 18F-FDG PET imaging of arterial inflammation and atherosclerosis for identification of vulnerable plaque and for cardiovascular risk stratification of asymptomatic patients with no previous history of
The minimal important difference of the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion in pulmonary arterial hypertension

Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a disease of the pulmonary vessels causing right ventricular (RV) failure and death, has evolved. No validated methods for assessing response to PAH therapies beyond impact on survival exist; thus there is a need to identify surrogate endpoints for PAH. Studies have shown tricuspid annular plane of systolic excursion (TAPSE) as a marker of RV function correlating with survival. Clinically-relevant changes in TAPSE in response to PAH therapy have yet to be described. Consecutive treatment naive patients with PAH diagnosed by right heart catheterization were included. For each patient, a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), six-minute walk test (6MWT), N-terminal pro-BNP, and Medical Outcomes Short Form-36 survey (SF-36) was obtained at baseline and 3 months. Several estimates of the minimal important difference (MID) of TAPSE will be made by both distribution- and anchor-based methods regressing change in TAPSE with treatment against change in 6MWT and SF-36. A consensus estimate will be defined using triangulation methodology. 25 subjects were enrolled; 11 have completed at least 3 months of PAH therapy. Mean TAPSE improved by 0.2 cm (SD 0.4 cm). Additionally, the 6MWT improved by a mean of 81.9 m (SD 87.4 m). The MID will be determined when all subjects have completed study protocol. These preliminary data indicate TAPSE may be responsive to PAH-specific therapy in patients with PAH. With completion of the study protocol, the MID for TAPSE will be determined using multiple methods. Defining the MID for TAPSE will offer a clinically relevant, widely available metric to assess response to therapy in PAH.
Effect of salt and RNA structure on annealing and strand displacement by Hfq

The Sm-like protein Hfq promotes the association of small antisense RNAs (sRNAs) with their mRNA targets, but the mechanism of Hfq's RNA chaperone activity is unknown. To investigate RNA annealing and strand displacement by Hfq, we used oligonucleotides that mimic functional sequences within DsrA sRNA and the complementary rpoS mRNA. Hfq accelerated at least 100-fold the annealing of a fluorescently labeled molecular beacon to a 16-nt RNA. The rate of strand exchange between the oligonucleotides increased 80-fold. Therefore, Hfq is very active in both helix formation and exchange. However, high concentrations of Hfq destabilize the duplex by preferentially binding the single-stranded RNA. RNA binding and annealing were completely inhibited by 0.5 M salt. The target site in DsrA sRNA was 1000-fold less accessible to the molecular beacon than an unstructured oligonucleotide, and Hfq accelerated annealing with DsrA only 2-fold. These and other results are consistent with recycling of Hfq during the annealing reaction, and suggest that the net reaction depends on the relative interaction of Hfq with the products and substrates.
Endovascular repair of aortic coarctation pseudoaneurysm using an off-label "hourglass" stent-graft configuration.

Purpose: To describe an endovascular technique for treating a pseudoaneurysm of the thoracic aorta using an off-label “hourglass” stent-graft configuration. Case Report: A 68-year-old patient with ...
Excavations at Jamestown, Virginia. Site of the First Permanent English Settlement in America

On a bit of marsh-mound land cast up in the James River was planted the first permanent English settlement in America. The landing at Jamestown, 13 May (o.s.), 1607, did not represent the first attempt to found an English colony on the eastern seaboard. In 1585 an expedition under the command of Sir Richard Grenville and with Ralph Lane as Lieutenant-Governor established the ill-fated Roanoke Island colony off the coast of North Carolina. By 1590 it had vanished—to this day the fate of the ‘Lost Colony’ is uncertain.
Building Problem Forums: On Troubleshooting in the Professional Writing Classroom

This article describes the use of problem forums in undergraduate professional writing courses as a technique for facilitating and sustaining learning from increasingly complex, messy, and wicked problems that are characteristic of 21st-century work. Problem forums are designed to scaffold project team discussions of rhetorical, technical, or collaborative difficulties that have unexpectedly slowed or halted their work. Problem forums are thus intended to facilitate and sustain continual learning on project teams.
Partial Fractions in Euclidean Domains

When we teach the technique of using partial fractions to integrate a rational function, we usually first tell the students that a rational function which is proper (i.e., in which the degree of the top is less than the degree of the bottom) can be broken up into partial fractions, and we show the students the algebraic tricks involved in solving for the constants. We then mention that to integrate any rational function whatever, first do the division to get a polynomial plus a proper rational function, and then apply the previous theory. Thus, we produce the two statements below. In each of these, F[x] stands for the set of polynomials over the reals.
DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH RATES OF RECURRENT CHEST PAIN

Evaluation of acute chest pain is costly, in the order of billion dollars annually. Only a small fraction of acute chest pain is cardiac in origin. Psychological states such as depression, anxiety, and inability to cope with daily stressors (defined by perceived stress) may be important predictors
Display MTF measurements based on scanning and imaging technologies and its importance in the application space

Measuring the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) of a display monitor is necessary for many applications such as: modeling end-to-end systems, conducting perception experiments, and performing targeting tasks in real-word scenarios. The MTF of a display defines the resolution properties and quantifies how well the spatial frequencies are displayed on a monitor. Many researchers have developed methods to measure display MTFs using either scanning or imaging devices. In this paper, we first present methods to measure display MTFs using two separate technologies and then discuss the impact of a display MTF on a system’s performance. The two measurement technologies were scanning with a photometer and imaging with a CMOS based camera. To estimate a true display MTF, measurements made with the photometer were backed out for the scanning optics aperture. The developed methods were applied to measure MTFs of the two types of monitors, Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The accuracy of the measured MTFs was validated by comparing MTFs measured with the two systems. The methods presented here are simple and can be easily implemented employing either a Prichard photometer or an imaging device. In addition, the impact of a display MTF on the end-to-end performance of a system was modeled using NV-IPM.
Application of geographic information systems in drinking water safety: a review of recent studies

Geographic information systems(GIS) has been widely used in the investigation and management of water resources for its excellent spatial information management and analysis capabilities. In recent years, the preliminary application of GIS in drinking water safety has appeared as well. In this paper, the recent studies on water source protection, maintenance and management of water supply system, water quality monitoring, association analysis between water quality and health, safety risk assessment, and emergency treatment of water pollution incident were reviewed, the research progress and the problems in application of GIS were elaborated and the application of GIS in the future was prospected.
Lean philosophy and the public hospital

Abstract The Toyota Production System or Lean philosophy has been implemented in many facets of medicine from outpatient areas to critical care units to ancillary services. There has been some doubt about the applicability of this process outside of large private medical centers particularly in relationship to operating room services. We describe the success of the Lean process for the surgical services of a public, inner-city hospital. Lean methodology was applied to operating room (OR) performance measures of utilization, on-time starts, turn over time, and same day cancellations. Secondary measures of OR minutes used, OR cases completed, individual service cancellations for emergencies, and cross service bumping for emergencies were also evaluated. One years worth of data prior to the start of Lean was compared to one year after the completion of Lean. Improved performance was consistently demonstrated in all measures except same day cancellations.
Interventional stroke therapy: the potential benefit of direct intra-arterial infusion.

The goal of acute stroke therapy is preservation of the ischemic penumbra, the geographic area of relatively less ischemia surrounding the profoundly ischemic center. Emergent intravenous revascularization is currently the only U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved therapy, but intra-arterial revascularization has also been shown to improve outcome significantly. Intravenous therapy has significant limitations: the time window for therapy is short, the large dose of fibrinolytic agent required may increase the risk of hemorrhagic complications, and questions have been raised regarding efficacy in patients with large vessel occlusions. Intra-arterial delivery of the lytic agent can address these issues, and direct intracranial intra-arterial fibrinolysis has been shown to be effective. Thrombolytic agents differ in stability, half-life, and fibrin selectivity, but effective therapies for acute stroke therapy must provide one common denominator: restoration of flow. It now appears certain that direct intra-arterial delivery of fibrinolytic agent improves the efficacy of lysis of bulk thrombus. The Interventional Stroke Therapy Outcomes Registry is acquiring data on all forms of interventional stroke therapy from around the nation as well as outside the United States to identify best practices in the treatment of acute stroke.
Networks and globalization policies

© Cambridge University Press 2012.This chapter argues for connecting models of several kinds of macro- and microprocesses as they affect structure and dynamics in the globalization of networks of trade. The purpose is to explore multiple levels of structure, process, and adaptation and to loosen assumptions about determinacy in models of networks and globalization. As do many models of emergence, it questions the notions of inevitability that too often surround studies of globalization. Particularly useful for comparison of cases are the models of “world system” developed by Modelski and Thompson (1996, see Devezas and Modelski, 2008). These focus on national policy-driven innovation and processes of European “evolutionary learning” that began in the 1400s. They put into context the models that focus on core-periphery structure as developed by Braudel (1973), or the “world-system” core-periphery model that for Wallerstein (1974) begins in the 1600s. Study of structures of core-periphery in world systems can benefit from added dimensions, improved measurement of network structure, and understanding the effects of periodic crises in terms of historical dynamics. An unexpected outcome of this survey for issues of policy is that it develops a deeper historical understanding of how certain kinds of exchange systems develop several kinds of inequalities that are inimical to the concept of fair pricing in the operation of market equilibria, even in the absence of economic oligopolies (monopoly, duopoly) and oligopsonies (monopsony, duopsony). These include longstanding militaristic state-policy domination of international exchange, resultant structural inequality in international trade networks, and cyclical events within polities, that in periods of resource scarcity relative to population, create periods of extreme deflation of wages relative to extremes in elite dominance over wealth-generating property ownership.
Social reproduction in Vietnam: Educational attainment, employment, and skills usage

Abstract Education can be seen as a social structure that reproduces existing levels of social, economic, and cultural distributions. Using Vietnam as a case study, this paper seeks to examine how these theories hold up in a socio-political and socio-economic context that has been less examined, specifically in one of the few remaining single-party socialist countries that advocates Communism. The findings suggest prior levels of social stratification are predictive of educational attainment, and educational attainment is predictive of employment. Higher educational attainment is also predictive of having occupations in economic sectors with less repetitive work and more autonomy.