cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence for a frontocortical-septal glutamatergic pathway and compensatory changes in septal glutamate uptake after cortical and fornix lesions in the rat

Abstract To determine the source of glutamatergic input to the septum and to the nucleus accumbens septi, glutamate uptake was assessed after transections of the frontal cortex and/or fornix. Uptake in the septum and accumbens was reduced by 25 and 30% respectively, 6 days after bilateral frontal cortex transections. Both indices returned to control levels 30 days postoperatively. In contrast, while unilateral fornix transection did not affect uptake in the accumbens at either day 6 or 30, uptake in the septum was significantly reduced (25–35%) at both times. When a unilateral transection of the fornix was performed in rats with a pre-existing bilateral ablation of the frontal cortex, a further reduction in uptake was observed in the septum (50–60% at both 6 and 30 days after the fornix transection). The data implicate glutamate as a neurotransmitter in frontocortico-septal projections and suggest that the contribution of the hippocampo-septal system to total glutamate uptake in the septum is increased following ablation of the frontocortico-septal system.
SNVDis: a proteome-wide analysis service for evaluating nsSNVs in protein functional sites and pathways.

Amino acid changes due to non-synonymous variation are included as annotations for individual proteins in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and RefSeq which present biological data in a protein- or gene-centric fashion. Unfortunately, proteome-wide analysis of non-synonymous single-nucleotide variations (nsSNVs) is not easy to perform because information on nsSNVs and functionally important sites are not well integrated both within and between databases and their search engines. We have developed SNVDis that allows evaluation of proteome-wide nsSNV distribution in functional sites, domains and pathways. More specifically, we have integrated human-specific data from major variation databases (UniProtKB, dbSNP and COSMIC), comprehensive sequence feature annotation from UniProtKB, Pfam, RefSeq, Conserved Domain Database (CDD) and pathway information from Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER) and mapped all of them in a uniform and comprehensive way to the human reference proteome provided by UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. Integrated information of active sites, pathways, binding sites, domains, which are extracted from a number of different sources, provides a detailed overview of how nsSNVs are distributed over the human proteome and pathways and how they intersect with functional sites of proteins. Additionally, it is possible to find out whether there is an over- or under-representation of nsSNVs in specific domains, pathways or user-defined protein lists. The underlying datasets are updated once every 3 months. SNVDis is freely available at http://hive.biochemistry.gwu.edu/tool/snvdis.
Cucurbitacin Contents and Diabroticite (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Feeding upon Cucurbita spp.

Eighteen species of Cucurbita were examined qualitatively for spectrum of cucurbitacins present and quantitatively for the amounts in leaves, fruits, and roots by means of thin-layer chromatography, mass spectrometry, and ultraviolet absorption spectrometry. Crumpled leaves and sliced fruits of the various species were exposed to large populations of the southern cornrootworm (SCR), Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, and the western cornrootworm (WCR), D. virgifera LeConte. There was a strong correlation between the total cucurbitacin content and the extent of aggregation and feeding by both SCR and WCR.
Imaging for Hepatic Vascular Injury from Blunt Trauma in Children—Nine Cases Report

Abstract Introduction Hepatic vascular injury (HVI) is an uncommon complication of blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) in children. Diagnosis and management must be done by imaging. Methods A retrospective review of pediatric patients over a seven-year period (2000–2007). Of 25 files of liver injuries (LI), 9 cases of HVI were diagnosed. All of our cases were explored by sonographic, duplex sonography and computed tomography. Results Of twenty-five cases of LI, nine cases of HVI were recorded. Sex ratio male/female = 1.25 with mean age = 7.88, five cases of vein injuries, two cases of traumatic hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm, and two cases of arteriovenous fistula. Conclusion HVI affects 36% of liver injuries. Those injuries are often lethal, so systematic detection and treatment in emergency is essential. The role of imaging is both diagnosis and therapeutic.
A general process for the development of peptide-based immunoassays for monoclonal antibodies

Purpose Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are an important and growing class of cancer therapeutics, but pharmacokinetic analyses have in many cases been constrained by the lack of standard and robust pharmacologic assays. The goal of this project was to develop a general method for the production of immunoassays that can measure the levels of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in biologic samples at relevant concentrations. Methods Alemtuzumab and rituximab are monoclonal approved for the treatment of B-cell malignancies and were used as a model system. Phage-displayed peptide libraries were screened for peptide sequences recognized by alemtuzumab (anti-CD52) or rituximab (anti-CD20). Synthetic biotinylated peptides were used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Peptides directly synthesized on polymer resin beads were used in an immunoXuorescent-based assay. Results Peptide mimetope sequences were recovered for both mAb and conWrmed by competitive staining and kinetic measurements. A peptide-based ELISA method was developed for each. The assay for rituximab had a limit of detection of 4 g/ml, and the assay for alemtuzumab had a limit of detection of 1 g/ml. Antibody-speciWc staining of peptide conjugated beads could be seen in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Phage-displayed peptide libraries can be a source of highly speciWc mimetopes for therapeutic mAb. The biotinylated forms of those peptides are compatible with conventional ELISA methods with sensitivities comparable to other assay methods and suYcient for pharmacological studies of those mAb given at high dose. The process outlined here can be applied to any mAb to enable improved pharmacokinetic analysis during the development and clinical use of this class of therapies.
A method of rapid robust respiratory synchronization for MRI

Respiratory motion degrades MRI exams. Adequate detection of respiratory motion with pneumatic respiratory belts in small children is challenging and time-consuming.
Regional pressure differences in the left ventricle

Theoretically, if blood is to have directional flow and different magnitudes of velocity, pressure should be distributed in the left ventricle (LV) as a function of both space and time. Thus, regional pressure differences (RPD) were examined in the LV of 20 open-chested dogs. High-fidelity transducers were implanted through stab wounds at three positions in the LV: the base (B), equator (EQ), and apex (APX). Simultaneous, high-fidelity LV pressures were compared in each region under rest conditions and during graded infusions of isoproterenol and propranolol. In the baseline condition, there were slight but significant differences between the APX and B in end-diastolic pressure (EDP), peak systolic pressure (PSP), peak dp/dt and Vmax. At rest, the largest RPD between the APX and B in PSP was 9 mm Hg (mean +/- 1 SE = 2.1 +/- 0.5), and the largest during diastole was 5.1 mm Hg (mean +/- 1 SE = 1.2 +/- 0.4); the largest difference in Vmax was 30.5% (mean +/- 1 SE = 10.8 +/- 2.4). During isoproterenol infusion the RPD in PSP were accentuated; the largest seen was 84 mm Hg between APX and B (mean +/- 1 SE = 15.7 +/- 4.5). The largest difference in Vmax between B and APX was 188% (mean +/- 1 SE = 48.5 +/- 9.4). Propranolol obliterated these RPD. These results indicate that there are significant RPD in the LV cavity; during systole the highest pressures decrease sequentially from the apex to the equator and to the base; during diastole these RPD are of lesser magnitude. These RPD affect all derived pressure indices, and these changes can be increaed or decreased by drug intervention. These results are important for two reasons: 1) the position of catheters in the LV cavity is important when pressure-dependent LV parameters are compared in different conditions; and 2) in any force balance analysis of the left ventricle it is important to note that force generation by the left ventricle is an active process that transmits regional pressure differences to the LV cavity.
Do 12.5-month-old infants consider what objects others can see when interpreting their actions?

The present research examined whether 12.5-month-old infants take into account what objects an agent knows to be present in a scene when interpreting the agent’s actions. In two experiments, the infants watched a female human agent repeatedly reach for and grasp object-A as opposed to object-B on an apparatus floor. Object-B was either (1) visible to the agent through a transparent screen; (2) hidden from the agent (but not the infants) by an opaque screen; or (3) placed by the agent herself behind the opaque screen, so that even though she could no longer see object-B, she knew of its presence there. The infants interpreted the agent’s repeated actions toward object-A as revealing a preference for object-A over object-B only when she could see object-B (1) or was aware of its presence in the scene (3). These results indicate that, when watching an agent act on objects in a scene, 12.5-month-old infants keep track of the agent’s representation of the physical setting in which these actions occur. If the agent’s representation is incomplete, because the agent is ignorant about some aspect of the setting, infants use the agent’s representation, rather than their own more complete representation, to interpret the agent’s actions.
Principal-agent theory and the structure of science policy, revisited: ‘Science in policy’ and the US Report on Carcinogens

This paper uses principal–agent theory to examine the structure of ‘science in policy.’ It draws from one in-depth case study of regulatory science in the USA, the production of the biennial Report on Carcinogens by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, particularly NTP’s review of saccharin as a potential human carcinogen in the late 1990s. The sources of data include extensive documentary review, observation of two public meetings of an advisory committee to NTP, and confidential interviews with seven of nine members of that advisory committee. The paper elaborates on the environment that precipitated Congress’s need for a reliable agent, in the creation of NTP as an intermediary to serve as that agent, in the articulation of an explicit set of terms for the performance of that contract, and in the shirking behavior that agents engaged in, despite such precautions.
Optimization of RNA Extraction for PCR Quantification of Aromatic Compound Degradation Genes

Seven different bacterial strains and primer sets and a mixed community were used to evaluate the use of reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) and Q-PCR of oxygenase genes to assess various approaches for monitoring the bioremediation of polluted sites. Differences in maximum activity were seen when different RNA extraction kits were compared.
Shareholder-Manager Conflict and the Information Content of Dividends

In a model of thefirm in which insiders areprivately informed of the firm's prospects and investment is endogenous, this article shows the existence ofcoarse dividend-signaling equilibria: Dividends partition the space of possible prospects of the firm, and changes in dividends rejiect "broad," or nonincremental, changes in these prospects. These equilibria are shown to exist under general preference and technologjy structures, and it is argued that they closely match the following "anomalous" empirical features of corporate dividend payouts: Dividend changes have nontrivial information effects, yet dividends are smoothed (in a world with cyclic prospects), and dividends are poor predictors offuture earnings. Furthermore, in performing comparative statics, this article derives cross-sectional and timeseries restrictions on the relation of dividend smoothing to observablefirm attributes.
When does it begin? The surgeon's orientation.

AVISIT TO THE hospital and the anticipation of a surgical procedure is often daunting for the patient. For most of our patients, this visit is their first experience with surgery and anesthesia. For us, the event is rather routine, but just imagine the questions and concerns the patients must have. We, as perianesthesia nurses, are committed to making the experience as easy and stress free as possible. Where do we begin to bring the patient and the event together to achieve a positive outcome? As the saying goes, “begin at the beginning.” The beginning in this case is the education of the surgeons and their office staff regarding patient preparation and our expectations for their (the surgeon et al) participation. Working together in a collaborative effort, we can guide the patient through the surgery and anesthesia process and provide the education needed to achieve a positive outcome. Additionally, the surgeon and his/her staff will be kept informed of changes within the institution’s process as you, in turn, will become more familiar with their internal processes for patient preparation. Together we can provide the best experience for the patients.
Consumer‐driven nutrient dynamics in freshwater ecosystems: an introduction

Summary Over the past decade, studies of the effects of consumer-driven nutrient dynamics have become more common. This work has demonstrated that animals can function as sources and sinks of elements, but few studies have broadly compared these processes among organisms and across ecosystems. Collectively, the articles in this special issue elucidate the important roles that organisms can play in nutrient dynamics in lotic, lentic and wetland ecosystems. These papers show how species-specific traits, such as body stoichiometry and trophic ecology, and abiotic variables, including ambient water chemistry, govern the net impacts of consumer-driven nutrient dynamics in freshwater ecosystems. Globally, the introduction of non-native species and the loss of native biodiversity compromise the functional integrity of freshwater ecosystems. The work featured in this issue will help ecologists and conservation biologists integrate species-specific traits with ecosystem-specific conditions to understand the potential effects of changing biodiversity on ecosystem function in fresh waters.
Correlation between the amplitude of cortical activation and reaction time: a functional MRI study.

OBJECTIVE. We sought to examine the correlation between reaction time and the amplitude of cortical activation during the performance of a visuomotor response-time task in a functional MRI (fMRI) experiment. We hypothesized that the fMRI blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) amplitude may have a negative correlation with a subject's reaction time: the lower the amplitude within the cortical areas along the visuomotor pathway, the slower the response. A larger amplitude of the fMRI signal would reflect faster response times.SUBJECTS AND METHODS. During a single-event fMRI experiment, the reaction times (in milliseconds) of 32 right-handed subjects responding to a visual cue were recorded. Analysis of the single-event paradigm using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM99) was performed, activation maps were produced for each subject, and then a random effects group analysis was performed. The maximum amplitudes of cortical activation (percent signal change) in four activated cortical regions were estimate...
Preclinical Evaluation of AMG 925, a FLT3/CDK4 Dual Kinase Inhibitor for Treating Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a serious unmet medical need. Despite high remission rates with chemotherapy standard-of-care treatment, the disease eventually relapses in a major proportion of patients. Activating Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations are found in approximately 30% of patients with AML. Targeting FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase has shown encouraging results in treating FLT3-mutated AML. Responses, however, are not sustained and acquired resistance has been a clinical challenge. Treatment options to overcome resistance are currently the focus of research. We report here the preclinical evaluation of AMG 925, a potent, selective, and bioavailable FLT3/cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) dual kinase inhibitor. AMG 925 inhibited AML xenograft tumor growth by 96% to 99% without significant body weight loss. The antitumor activity of AMG 925 correlated with the inhibition of STAT5 and RB phosphorylation, the pharmacodynamic markers for inhibition of FLT3 and CDK4, respectively. In addition, AMG 925 was also found to inhibit FLT3 mutants (e.g., D835Y) that are resistant to the current FLT3 inhibitors (e.g., AC220 and sorafenib). CDK4 is a cyclin D-dependent kinase that plays an essential central role in regulating cell proliferation in response to external growth signals. A critical role of the CDK4-RB pathway in cancer development has been well established. CDK4-specific inhibitors are being developed for treating RB-positive cancer. AMG 925, which combines inhibition of two kinases essential for proliferation and survival of FLT3-mutated AML cells, may improve and prolong clinical responses.
Beyond simple linear mixing models: process-based isotope partitioning of ecological processes.

Stable isotopes are valuable tools for partitioning the components contributing to ecological processes of interest, such as animal diets and trophic interactions, plant resource use, ecosystem gas fluxes, streamflow, and many more. Stable isotope data are often analyzed with simple linear mixing (SLM) models to partition the contributions of different sources, but SLM models cannot incorporate a mechanistic understanding of the underlying processes and do not accommodate additional data associated with these processes (e.g., environmental covariates, flux data, gut contents). Thus, SLM models lack predictive ability. We describe a process-based mixing (PBM) model approach for integrating stable isotopes, other data sources, and process models to partition different sources or process components. This is accomplished via a hierarchical Bayesian framework that quantifies multiple sources of uncertainty and enables the incorporation of process models and prior information to help constrain the source-specif...
Floral volatiles: from biosynthesis to function

Floral volatiles have attracted humans' attention since antiquity and have since then permeated many aspects of our lives. Indeed, they are heavily used in perfumes, cosmetics, flavourings and medicinal applications. However, their primary function is to mediate ecological interactions between flowers and a diverse array of visitors, including pollinators, florivores and pathogens. As such, they ultimately ensure the plants' reproductive and evolutionary success. To date, over 1700 floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been identified. Interestingly, they are derived from only a few biochemical networks, which include the terpenoid, phenylpropanoid/benzenoid and fatty acid biosynthetic pathways. These pathways are intricately regulated by endogenous and external factors to enable spatially and temporally controlled emission of floral volatiles, thereby fine-tuning the ecological interactions facilitated by floral volatiles. In this review, we will focus on describing the biosynthetic pathways leading to floral VOCs, the regulation of floral volatile emission, as well as biological functions of emitted volatiles.
Approximate eigenvalues for heat transfer to laminar or turbulent flow in an annulus

Abstract Approximate expressions for the higher eigenvalues for heat transfer to a fluid in turbulent or laminar Newtonian or non-Newtonian axial motion through an annulus are obtained by the WKB method. A comparison of these eigenvalues for a specific heat-transfer problem for laminar Newtonian flow with results from the literature is made. The higher eigenvalues agree quite well, but the lowest eigenvalue is as much as 40 per cent too high.
Order statistics for correlated random variables and its application to at-speed testing

Although order statistics have been studied for several decades, most of the results are based on the assumption of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables. In the literature, how to compute the mth order statistics of n correlated random variables is still a problem. This article proposes a recursive algorithm based on statistical min/max operations to compute order statistics for general correlated and not necessarily identically distributed random variables. The algorithm has an O(mn) time complexity and O(m p n) space complexity. A binary tree-based data structure is further developed to allow selective update of the order statistics with O(nm2) time. As a vehicle to demonstrate the algorithm, we apply it to the path selection algorithm in at-speed testing. A novel metric multilayer process space coverage metric is proposed to quantitatively gauge the quality of path selection. We then show that such a metric is directly linked to the order statistics, and our recursive algorithm can thus be applied. By employing a branch-and-bound path selection algorithm with these techniques, this article shows that selecting an optimal set of paths for a multimillion-gate design can be performed efficiently. Compared to the state of the art, experimental results show both the efficiency of our algorithms and better quality of our path selection.
A 26 GHz retro-reflective array for long-range RFID applications

A unique design of series-fed grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) patch arrays for use in retro-reflective arrays is presented. For the current application, a planar retro-reflector which is capable of providing large radar cross-section (RCS) and signal modulation, and can also operate on metallic surfaces from 25.5–26.5GHz is desired. Linear, series-fed GCPW patch arrays are employed as the radiating elements. Using constituent arrays allows maximization of RCS using the minimum number of active components. Additionally, the unique orientation of the series-fed arrays provides beam squinting, allowing for ease of target identification and distinguishing the response from that of the array ground plane. The array design and results are briefly presented herein. Integration of the array in the intended system application is discussed in a separate conference submission.
Invited paper - hybrid simulation of electrically large millimeter-wave antennas

This paper describes the simulation of an electrically large parabolic antenna fed by a horn antenna at millimeter-wave frequencies. Due to the fact that the feed needs to be simulated using a highly accurate simulation method, while the parabolic dish can be simulated with a physical optics approximation, a hybrid approach is needed. This paper describes a comparison of different approaches using a commercially available tool which makes use of a hybrid simulation approach. Time saving approaches is described, as well as methods to easily simulate variations in the design.
Anterograde, transneuronal transport of herpes simplex virus type 1 strain H129 in the murine visual system.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) undergoes retrograde and anterograde axonal transport as it establishes latency and later intermittently reactivates. Most strains of HSV show preferential retrograde transport within the central nervous system (CNS), however. Previous experiments suggest that an exception to this is HSV type 1 (HSV-1) strain H129, since this virus appears to spread primarily in the CNS via anterograde, transneuronal movement. The objective of the present study was to test how specifically this virus spreads in the visual system, a system with well-described neuronal connections. In the present study, the pattern of viral spread was examined following inoculation into the murine vitreous body. Virus was initially detected in the retina and optic tract. Virus then appeared in all known primary targets of the retina, including those in the thalamus (e.g., lateral geniculate complex), hypothalamus (suprachiasmatic nucleus), and superior colliculus (superficial layers). In previous studies, many strains of HSV were shown to infect these structures, even though they spread predominantly in a retrograde direction. However, the H129 strain was unique in then spreading, via anterograde transport, to the primary visual cortex (layer 4 of area 17) via thalamocortical connections. At later times after infection, specific labeling was also detected in other cortical and subcortical areas known to receive projections from the visual cortex. No labeling was ever detected in the contralateral retina, which is consistent with a lack of retrograde spread of HSV-1 strain H129. These results demonstrate the specific anterograde movement of this virus from the retina to subcortical and cortical regions, with no clear evidence for retrograde spread. HSV-1 strain H129 should be generally useful for tracing sensory pathways and may provide the basis for designing a virus vector capable of delivering genetic material via anterograde pathways within the CNS.
Speaking truth to power? Civil liberties debates and the language of law review articles during the post-9/11 period

Few researchers have analyzed post-9/11 alterations in the opinions or discourse of the legal community, despite this community's influence on public opinion and legal policy. In fact, to date, no source of data exists capturing the opinions of this community across the post-9/11 period. However, their writings in law review articles provide one source of longitudinal data regarding the issues and concerns that were salient to this influential community during the years of the post-9/11 era. A content analysis of law review articles is performed to examine meaningful shifts in the expert discourse related to civil liberties issues pre- and post-9/11 and across the post-9/11 period. The analysis – the first of its kind – demonstrates significant alterations over the post-9/11 period, including greatly intensified efforts at providing policy leadership. The analysis also reveals the year 2006 as a key turning point in legal scholarship, after which these articles adopted a highly aggressive, confrontational...
Mycoflora of a Trogloxenic Cave Cricket, Hadenoecus cumberlandicus (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae), from Two Small Caves in Northeastern Kentucky

Abstract External and internal mycoflora of the cave cricket Hadenoecus cumberlandicus Hubbell were examined and consisted of eight deuteromycetes (Aspergillus niger, Beauveria sp., Colletotrichum acutatum, Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium sp., Pestalotia sp., Trichoderma sp., and Mycelia sterilia), five zygomycetes (Absidia corymbifera, Cunninghamella sp., Mucor racemosus, Phycomyces sp., and Rhizopus sp.), and one ascomycete (Thielavia terrestris). Most are soil saprophytes and typical in a cave setting. Internal isolates included Colletotrichum acutatum and Pestalotia sp., plant pathogens that were probably acquired during foraging. Noteworthy among external fungi was Beauveria sp., a genus of entomopathogens, revealing that fungi may have the potential to impact the cave ecosystem by reducing cave cricket populations.
Direct Production of Propene from the Thermolysis of Poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). An Experimental and DFT Investigation

We demonstrate a synthetic route toward the production of propene directly from poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), the most common of a wide range of high-molecular-mass microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates. Propene, a major commercial hydrocarbon, was obtained from the depolymerization of PHB and subsequent decarboxylation of the crotonic acid monomer in good yields (up to 75 mol %). The energetics of PHB depolymerization and the gas-phase decarboxylation of crotonic acid were also studied using density functional theory (DFT). The average activation energy for the cleavage of the R'C(O)O-R linkage is calculated to be 163.9 ± 7.0 kJ mol(-1). Intramolecular, autoacceleration effects regarding the depolymerization of PHB, as suggested in some literature accounts, arising from the formation of crotonyl and carboxyl functional groups in the products could not be confirmed by the results of DFT and microkinetic modeling. DFT results, however, suggest that intermolecular catalysis involving terminal carboxyl groups may accelerate PHB depolymerization. Activation energies for this process were estimated to be about 20 kJ mol(-1) lower than that for the noncatalyzed ester cleavage, 144.3 ± 6.4 kJ mol(-1). DFT calculations predict the decarboxylation of crotonic acid to follow second-order kinetics with an activation energy of 147.5 ± 6.3 kJ mol(-1), consistent with that measured experimentally, 146.9 kJ mol(-1). Microkinetic modeling of the PHB to propene overall reaction predicts decarboxylation of crotonic acid to be the rate-limiting step, consistent with experimental observations. The results also indicate that improvements made to enhance the isomerization of crotonic acid to vinylacetic acid will improve the direct conversion of PHB to propene.
Energy restriction impairs dendritic cell development in C57BL/6J mice

Dendritic cells (DC) are antigen-presenting cells known for stimulating naive T lymphocytes. The sequential stages of DC development from common myeloid progenitors have been elucidated in murine bone marrow. Energy-restriction (ER) is a pro-longevity dietary intervention with mixed immunological outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine the development of DC in adult C57Bl6J mice fed a 40% ER diet. We observed increased myeloid progenitors, but decreased common DC progenitors, precursor conventional DC and plasmacytoid DC. Furthermore, we observed increased macrophages and cells expressing CD169 in the bone marrow of ER mice. There was no significant difference in DC subsets from unfractionated ER and ad libitum-fed murine bone marrow samples cultured in GM-CSF-supplemented media or Flt3L-supplemented media. Examining rates of proliferation with 6h BrdU incorporation and Ki-67 staining showed these DC progenitor populations have different proliferation rates in ER compared with AL mice. We show here, for the first time, ER results in altered myelopoiesis resulting in reduced DC development but enhanced monocyte/macrophage development in steady-state C57Bl6J mice. In conclusion, these data may partially explain prior observations of impaired early innate immune responses to primary infection such as influenza in ER mice.
Resistivity and Magnetoresistance of La-doped CeOs4Sb12and PrOs4Sb12

The resistivity and magnetoresistance of La-doped CeOs 4 Sb 12 and PrOs 4 Sb 12 were investigated at temperatures down to 20 mK and in magnetic fields up to 18 T. The resistivity of Ce 0.98 La 0.02 Os 4 Sb 12 , in fields smaller than 4 T, has a Kondo-hole impurity temperature variation, i.e., ρ=ρ 0 + A T 2 , with a negative and strongly field-dependent A . However, the positive magnetoresistance suggests that this anomalous behavior is due to Kondo-hole bands. The magnetoresistance of La-doped PrOs 4 Sb 12 confirms the singlet CEF ground state of Pr. Furthermore, its field variation and near isotropy argue against lowest-level crossing along any crystallographic direction. Instead, the results suggest avoided level crossing for all directions of the magnetic field. The possible origin of a dome-like shape in the magnetoresistance of the pure Pr compound is discussed.
My Bioethics Will Be Intersectional or It Will Be [Bleep]

Danis, Wilson, and White (2016) argue that bioethicists have been glaringly absent from ongoing social movements to combat racism, particularly the institutional and systematic oppression of Africa...
Nanocrystalline and Hard, Boron-Alloyed Be Coatings

Boron-alloy coatings can be formed by sputtering compound targets, through co-deposition with other elemental targets, by utilizing reactive gas mixtures, and/or by post-deposition implantation. Specific to this study, boron-alloy coatings are assessed with respect to composition as deposited by co-sputtering boron and beryllium. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), bright-field images with selected area diffraction are used to reveal the microstructure and phase. Refinement in grain size to the nanoscale occurs through boron addition as well as transition metal impurities. An increase in coating hardness with boron addition is measured using nanoindentation. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), secondary electron images reveal the surface morphology variations for thick coatings that occur with boron addition as measured using energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The phase formed in boron-alloyed beryllium coating is found to be dependent on both coating composition and the sputter deposition conditions. It is concluded that the geometry of the deposition sources with the configuration of the substrate effect the coating composition, microstructure, and properties
A Study of Substance Use in Women in the West Texas U.S. Probation and Pretrial Services System

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have shown an association between substance use in the corrections population and, though the overall probation population has been declining, the percentage of women on probation has significantly increased. This study collected data on the factors associated with substance use and criminality among West Texas women who were sentenced to the U.S. Probation and Pretrial Services System (USPPSS). Intake records for USPPSS adult women spanning 3 years were reviewed. Among all age distributions and demographics, alcohol use was found to be prevalent. A significant positive correlation was found between immediate and extended family use of alcohol or drugs. Approximately one third of women reported a lifetime history of psychiatric treatment and three fourths reported a lifetime history of emotional/verbal, physical, and/or sexual abuse. The significant association with alcohol and substance use among these women should be addressed when determining probation planning and social servi...
Learning to escape cues paired with reward reductions following single- or multiple-pellet rewards

In Experiment 1, three groups of rats were given 60 runway acquisition trials (6/day) to either one 500-mg pellet (Group 1L), 25 20-mg pellets (Group 25S), or one 20-mg pellet (Group IS). Rate of approach to asymptote was faster for Group 25S than for Group 1L, and at asymptote, they ran faster than Group IS. All groups then received one 20-mg pellet for 30 trials. Group 25S showed a greater depression effect than did Group 1L. The acquisition results were replicated in Experiment 2, and, during a third phase in which Ss were given hurdle-jump training, both shifted groups jumped faster than Group IS, but Group 25S jumped the fastest. It was concluded that greater amounts of frustration are elicited when both reward magnitude and number of pellets are reduced than when only reward magnitude is reduced.
Who is the academic entrepreneur? The role of graduate students in the development of university spinoffs

Academic entrepreneurship, the establishment of new companies based on technologies derived from university research, is a well-recognized driver of regional and national economic development. For more than a decade, scholars have conceptualized individual university faculty as the primary agents of academic entrepreneurship. Recent research suggests that graduate students also play a critical role in the establishment and early development of university spinoff companies, but the nature of their involvement through the entrepreneurial process is not yet fully understood. Employing a case study approach, this paper investigates the role of graduate students in early-stage university spinoff companies from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. We find that graduate students play role similar to that of individual faculty entrepreneurs in university spinoffs, both in terms of making the initial establishment decision and in reconfiguring the organization for marketable technology development. We also find that student entrepreneurs face unique challenges involving conflicts with faculty advisors and other students.
Preliminary Evaluation of Soil Insecticides for Sugar-Beet Root Maggot Control

From 196 to 1965, 19 insecticides were evaluated as seed ami soil treatments for control of the sugar-beet root map;got, Telanops myopaeformis (Roder), which has been a pest of sugar beets in many areas since 1920. The most promising materials were retested as soil treatments in 1966. Bay 37289 (O -ethyl O -2,4,5-trichlorophenyl ethyl phosphonothioate) and Stauffer N-2790 (O -ethyl S -phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate) each gave better than 80% control of the maggot and a 39% increase in sugar beet yield. Bay 25141 (O,O -diethyl O -[ p -(methylsulfinyl)phenyl] phorothioate) and diazinon each gave 60% control of maggots and a 33% increase in yield.
Analysis on the monitoring result of flies in Dandong city

Objective To master the species,the growth and decay with season of flies,and provide scientific basis for flies control in Dandong. Methods Collecting flies by net trap.Results The usual flies in Dandong belonged to 4 families,11 genera and 15 species.The dominant species were Muscina stabulans,Lucilia and Helicophagella melanura in Dandong.The active period of flies was from April to October in Dandong,from July to August was one peak period.The flies density came to decline on the whole in Dandong from 2002 to 2006.Conclusion The integrated management should be taken for a long time to control the flies in Dandong.
Research on Dynamic Modulus for Epoxy Asphalt Mixtures and Its Master Curve

In order to obtain the master curve equation of dynamic modulus of epoxy asphalt mixture that is mostly used in pavement of long-span steel deck bridges,firstly the dynamic frequency sweep tests with three temperatures and eleven loading frequencies for epoxy asphalt mixture were conducted.Then,the temperature shifted factors were studied with time-temperature rheological principle and genetic algorithm.Finally,the master curve of dynamic modulus for epoxy asphalt mixture at 20 ℃ and the temperature shifted factor formula were fitted by using γ distribution function and exponential function respectively.Results show that the dynamic modulus of epoxy asphalt mixture decreases with increase of test temperature,and the dynamic modulus decreases with the loading frequency.The optimal shifted factors from 10 ℃ and 30 ℃ to 20 ℃ are 5.002 256 and-3.990 583 respectively.The master curve of dynamic modulus of epoxy asphalt mixture provides the material parameter equation for dynamic design method of pavement on long-span steel deck bridges.
Supporting university content specialists in providing effective professional development: the educative role of evaluation

Evaluation of professional development (PD) has traditionally been composed of summative and formative feedback, and has focused on assessing the extent to which the PD impacts participating teachers’ knowledge, beliefs, and practices. This study establishes an additional purpose for PD evaluation – as educative opportunities for professional developers, particularly for PD providers who are university-level content specialists (e.g. scientists, mathematicians, statisticians, engineers). Through analysis of data collected as state-wide evaluators for one US Midwest state’s Improving Teacher Quality Grant PD programs, and utilizing an analysis methodology which we term ‘recommendation traces,’ we examine formative evaluation recommendations that we made to four different PD projects over three years. Findings from this study shed light on how content specialists who work in PD projects can learn about effective PD through project evaluation efforts.
The Generality of Research on Transfer Functions: COMMENTS ON PROFESSOR FITTS' PAPER

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of behavioral analysis by the transfer function methodology as applied to the continuous, tracking, case. It explains the general quasi-linear techniques and some of the empirical data. The methodology is analytical and powerful, gives behavioral data that are logically related to a variety of independent variables, and offers guidance to those who wish to perform comparable analyses of behavior in the discrete case. The manalog technique produces an automatic device, which when adjusted properly provides controlling signals, called an output that resemble the controlling signals of a human tracker. This methodology is applied to quantify performance by the human black box when he controls a vehicular system. All that is required is a model of the human operator that can be fitted to the same input signals to produce outputs as similar as possible to those from the human tracker. There have been several techniques used to fit transfer function equations to tracking data.
WRF Goddard Microphysics Scheme Optimization

This chapter examines the optimization of numerical weather prediction through optimizations that include reducing the memory bound nature of the code. Code restructuring for better vectorization is also shown to be essential for such a legacy code. The code that is optimized is the weather research and forecasting model, an open source numerical weather prediction model.
Effect of Oxygen Impurity on Crystallization of an Undercooled Bulk Glass Forming Zr–Ti–Cu–Ni–Al Alloy

High vacuum, containerless, electrostatic levitation process has been used to study the undercooling and crystallization kinetics of a bulk glass forming Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Al alloy. The oxygen impurity level in the alloy has been found to play a crucial role in the crystallization kinetics of the undercooled melt. Overheating the melt above a critical threshold temperature results in enhancement subsequent undercooling. This crucial threshold temperature is found to be a function of the overall oxygen content of the alloy direct measurement of the time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram for crystallization of the undercooled melt made following initial overheating above the threshold temperature show a strong dependence on overall oxygen concentration. An explanation of these observations is proposed.
Exploring employee intimate partner violence (IPV) disclosures in the workplace

ABSTRACTMore than 500 employees of a large corporation participated in a web-based survey on workplace health and relationships. Mixed method data were analyzed to better understand intimate partner violence (IPV) workplace disclosures, including disclosure recipients and perceived helpfulness of responses. Statistical comparisons were made to assess the relationship between IPV experiences and disclosures and perceptions of workplace supportiveness. About one in five employees reported experiencing IPV during their work tenure. Survivors were more than twice as likely to disclose to coworkers compared to supervisors, employee assistance, or human resources. Although survivors tended to report helpful workplace responses, nearly 20% of survivors experienced an unhelpful workplace response. Survivors of IPV most frequently cited interpersonal support when asked to describe a helpful workplace response but also valued instrumental support, such as receiving workplace accommodations and resource information....
1929. “The Quantum of Action and the Description of Nature”: New Complementarities and a New Interpretation

The Como version of complementarity, discussed in the preceding chapter, proved to be short-lived. Within a year or so, even before the Como lecture was published, Bohr was on his way to an essentially different approach, in part shaped by his initial exchanges with Einstein in 1927 (Bohr 1949, PWNB 2, pp. 47–52). These exchanges were, I argue here, a decisive factor in changing Bohr’s Como argument and in establishing some of the key aspects of Bohr’s ultimate view of quantum phenomena and quantum mechanics, which had crystallized, under the impact of his subsequent exchanges with Einstein, by the late 1930s. Bohr’s new argumentation was first presented in print in his 1929 article “The Quantum of Action and the Description of Nature,” originally written for the issue of Die Naturwissenschaften in celebration of the 50th doctoral anniversary of Max Planck. The article, to which this chapter is primarily devoted, was Bohr’s first published work on complementarity after his exchanges with Einstein just mentioned and it was clearly shaped by them, as Bohr noted in his later account of these exchanges (Bohr 1949, PWNB 2, p. 52). The double-slit experiment that played a major role in these exchanges did not, however, figure in this article, and only assumed a major role in Bohr’s subsequent communications, beginning with his important but never published Bristol lecture of 1931 “Space–Time Continuity and Atomic Physics” (Bohr 1972–1999, v. 6, pp. 361–370). For this reason, the double-slit experiment will be discussed in the next chapter, which will also consider Bohr’s 1927 exchanges with Einstein, as presented by Bohr in his 1949 “Discussion with Einstein.” In any event, “The Quantum of Action and the Description of Nature” represents a crucial step in the development in Bohr’s thinking.
A 2–30 W 5-band plasma-based switch

In this paper, high-power microwave switching based on low temperature plasma technology is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The proposed switch structure is formed of an evanescent-mode cavity resonator loaded with a gas discharge tube in the gap area over its post. A prototype switch at 2.1–2.6 GHz is successfully demonstrated with operating power range of 2–30 W. Since plasma properties depend on microwave power level, isolation of the proposed switch is a function of input power and changes in the range of 12–24 dB for the aforementioned power range. Due to microwave plasma in α-discharge regime, the switch performance is stable with no observed degradation in the structure.
Effect of brachytic dwarf forage sorghum or corn silage harvested in the summer or fall and supplemented with soybean meal or mechanically pressed cottonseed meal on performance of lactating dairy cows

ABSTRACT A 6-wk randomized design trial with a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was conducted to evaluate the production response of 48 Holstein lactating cows fed diets based on corn or forage sorghum silage harvested in the summer or fall and supplemented with soybean meal (SBM) or mechanically pressed cottonseed meal (CSM). Corn was planted in April and harvested in July (CSS), and a second crop was planted in August and harvested in November (CSF). Forage sorghum was planted in April, harvested in July (FSS), allowed to ratoon, and harvested again in November. Forages provided 41.67% of the dietary DM in the experimental diets, and CSM replaced a portion of the N provided by SBM. Cows were fed a corn silage–based diet for 2 wk before beginning the 4-wk experimental period. No differences were observed in DMI or milk yield among treatments. An interaction of forage source and protein supplement was observed for milk fat, which was lowest for CSF-CSM compared with the other treatments. No differences were observed in yield or concentration of milk protein, lactose, or solids-not-fat. An interaction was observed for efficiency of milk production, which was lowest for CSS-SBM and CSF-CSM compared with the other treatments. Concentrations of milk urea nitrogen were less for diets based on corn silage compared with forage sorghum and for CSM compared with SBM. Results of this trial indicate that diets based on corn silage or forage sorghum harvested in spring or fall and supplemented with CSM or SBM can support similar performance.