cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects on Flavor of Fortifying Milk with Iron and Absorption of the lron from Intestinal Tract of Rats

Abstract Ferric pyrophosphate, ferric phosphate, ferrous sulfate, ferric ammonium citrate, ferrous gluconate, and ferrous lactate at 5.2 to 12.6 parts per million elemental iron were evaluated for their influence upon the flavor of whole milk and skimmilk. Ferric pyrophosphate and ferric phosphate caused only minor off flavors. Whole milk fortified with either of these two compounds was fed as the sole ration to weanling rats for 9 weeks. Milk plus iron from either source was equally effective in maintaining tooth color, hematocrit, and body weight, but was not as effective as a standard dry ration plus water. Milks containing 5.2 or 10.4 parts per million iron added as ferric pyrophosphate were equally effective in maintaining body weight for both male and female rats. Male rats 5 to 9 weeks of age consuming milk with 10.4 parts per million added iron had higher (P .05). The ratio of weights and hematocrit values of males to females indicated that females withstood stress of insufficient iron intake better than males.
A novel Notch ligand, Dll4, induces T-cell leukemia/lymphoma when overexpressed in mice by retroviral-mediated gene transfer

Notch receptors mediate cell-fate decisions through interaction with specific ligands during development. The biological role of a novel Notch ligand, Dll4, in mice was explored by reconstituting lethally irradiated mice with bone marrow (BM) cells transduced with Dll4 retroviral vector. White blood cell and lymphocyte counts in Dll4- overexpressing mice were reduced at the early stage of reconstitution but increased significantly at approximately 10 weeks after BM transplantation. BM, spleen, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood of Dll4- overexpressing mice contained predominantly CD4+CD8+ T cells and virtually lacked B cells. The Dll4- overexpressing mice eventually developed a lethal phenotype that was characterized by the progression of a T-cell lymphoproliferative disease (restricted to BM and lymphoid tissues) to transplantable monoclonal T-cell leukemia/lymphoma scattered to multiple organs. Results suggest that the interaction of Dll4 with Notch1 may provide key signals for T-cell development.
Functional analysis of DNA sequences responsible for ethylene regulation of a bean chitinase gene in transgenic tobacco.

Expression of at least two genes from bean encoding the defense-related protein chitinase has been shown previously to be transcriptionally regulated by the phytohormone ethylene. We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of one of these genes, the CH5B gene, which resides on a 4.7-kilobase fragment of bean genomic DNA. The structural gene consists of a single open reading frame and encodes the 301 amino acids of the mature protein and a 26-amino acid signal peptide. The CH5B gene has been introduced into tobacco plants using Agrobacterium Ti-plasmid vectors. Little or no expression of the bean gene was observed when transgenic tobacco plants were grown in air; however, exposure of these plants to an atmosphere containing 50 parts per million ethylene resulted in an approximately 20-fold to 50-fold increase in the level of the bean chitinase mRNA. Ethylene-dependent expression of a chimeric gene consisting of 1.6 kilobases of 59-flanking DNA derived from the CH5B gene fused to the coding sequence of beta-glucuronidase indicates that this region of the CH5B gene is sufficient for ethylene-regulated expression. Deletion analysis of the CH5B promoter region has allowed us to localize these DNA sequences to within a 228-base pair region situated between -422 and -195 upstream of the transcriptional start site. This region is characterized by two short DNA sequences that are exactly conserved in a second ethylene-regulated bean chitinase gene.
Latitudinal variation of speed and mass flux in the acceleration region of the solar wind inferred from spectral broadening measurements

Spectral broadening measurements conducted at S-band (13-cm wavelength) during solar minimum conditions in the heliocentric distance range of 3-8 R(sub O) by Mariner 4, Pioneer 10, Mariner 10, Helios 1, Helios 2, and Viking have been combined to reveal a factor of 2.6 reduction in bandwidth from equator to pole. Since spectral broadening bandwidth depends on electron density fluctuation and solar wind speed, and latitudinal variation of the former is available from coherence bandwidth measurements, the remote sensing spectral broadening measurements provide the first determination of the latitudinal variation of solar wind speed in the acceleration region. When combined with electron density measurements deduced from white-light coronagraphs, this result also leads to the first determination of the latitudinal variation of mass flux in the acceleration region. From equator to pole, solar wind speed increases by a factor of 2.2, while mass flux decreases by a factor of 2.3. These results are consistent with measurements of solar wind speed by multi-station intensity scintillation measurements, as well as measurements of mass flux inferred from Lyman alpha observations, both of which pertain to the solar wind beyond 0.5 AU. The spectral broadening observations, therefore, strengthen earlier conclusions about the latitudinal variation of solar wind speed and mass flux, and reinforce current solar coronal models and their implications for solar wind acceleration and solar wind modeling.
Comparison of Real-Time PCR Assays with Fluorescent-Antibody Assays for Diagnosis of Respiratory Virus Infections in Children

Conventional fluorescent-antibody (FA) methods were compared to real-time PCR assays for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus type A (FluA), parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 (PIV1, PIV2, and PIV3), human metapneumovirus (MPV), and adenovirus (AdV) in 1,138 specimens from children with respiratory illnesses collected over a 1-year period. At least one virus was detected in 436 (38.3%) specimens by FA and in 608 (53.4%) specimens by PCR (P < 0.001). Specimen quality was inadequate for FA in 52 (4.6%) specimens; 13 of these (25%) were positive by PCR. In contrast, 18 (1.6%) specimens could not be analyzed by PCR; 1 of these was positive by FA. The number of specimens positive only by PCR among specimens positive by PCR and/or FA was 18 (7.0%) of 257 for RSV, 18 (13.4%) of 134 for FluA, 25 (64.1%) of 39 for PIV1, 8 (88.9%) of 9 for PIV2, 17 (30.1%) of 55 for PIV3, and 101 (76.5%) of 132 for AdV. MPV was detected in 6.6% of all specimens and in 9.5% of the 702 specimens negative by FA. The mean number of virus copies per milliliter in specimens positive by both PCR and FA was significantly higher, at 6.7 × 107, than that in specimens positive only by PCR, at 4.1 × 104 (P < 0.001). The PCR assays were significantly more sensitive than FA assays for detecting respiratory viruses, especially parainfluenza virus and adenovirus. Use of real-time PCR to identify viral respiratory pathogens in children will lead to improved diagnosis of respiratory illness.
Forward semantic: a compiler-assisted instruction fetch method for heavily pipelined processors

A new instruction fetch method, forward semantic, is offered to enable the deeply pipelined processors to fetch one useful instruction every cycle. Forward semantic is an improved alternative to the delayed branching (with or without squashing), with five major advantages. Fist, no restriction is imposed on the type of instructions filling the branch slots, which allows a large number of slots to be filled. Second, no modification to the offsets and displacements is necessary when an instruction is copied to fill a branch slot, which simplifies the linker implementation. Third, an interrupted program can resume execution with a single program counter, eliminating the need for reloading the instruction pipeline before resuming execution. Fourth, programs compiled with N slots can execute on pipelines requiring K (K ≤ N) slots, which makes family architecture compatibility possible . Lastly, the filling of branch slots is totally transparent to code compaction and software interlocking schemes. These advantages combine to provide an efficient instruction fetch mechanism and to eliminate artificial penalties on branch cost. At the cost of 11% static code expansion, forward semantic achieves an instruction fetch cost of 1.2 cycles for pipelines requiring 10 slots for each taken branch. This level of instruction fetch efficiency has never been achieved before with conventional instruction fetch methods. The branch cost is dictated by the accuracy of the compile-time branch prediction rather than artificial limitations, such as data dependencies, which prevent the slots from being filled. These results are measured from the execution of real UNIX and CAD programs with complex control structures.
Global Monthly Precipitation Estimates from Satellite-Observed Outgoing Longwave Radiation

Abstract The relationship between the flux of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) estimated from satellite observations and precipitation is investigated using monthly OLR data from the NOAA polar-orbiting satellites and the merged analysis of precipitation of Xie and Arkin for the 8-yr period from July 1987 to June 1995. The mean annual cycle of OLR in the Tropics is dominated by changes in cloudiness and exhibits a strong negative correlation with precipitation, while in the extratropics the strongest influence on the annual cycle of OLR is surface temperature and a positive correlation with precipitation is found. However, the anomaly of OLR exhibits a negative correlation with precipitation over most of the globe. The regression coefficient relating the anomaly of precipitation to that of OLR is spatially inhomogeneous and seasonally dependent but can be expressed with high accuracy as a globally uniform linear function of the local mean precipitation. Based on these results, a new technique is develope...
Excellent Long-term Breast Preservation Rate After Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation Using a Balloon Device

Abstract Background Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) using a balloon device has been well tolerated. A recent retrospective population-based study showed an increase in the rate of subsequent mastectomy for patients who undergo APBI compared with whole breast radiation therapy. Our aim was to analyze the long-term results of patients treated with APBI at our institution to determine the salvage mastectomy and locoregional recurrence rates and cosmesis outcomes. Materials and Methods After institutional review board approval, we conducted a retrospective review of 111 patients treated from June 2003 to October 2014 at our institution for early-stage breast cancer using a balloon device. After lumpectomy and nodal staging, the patients underwent APBI with high-dose rate iridium-192 brachytherapy. A computed tomography-based 3-dimensional plan was created, and a dose of 34 Gy in 10 fractions was given twice daily, 6 hours apart, over 5 days. Follow-up examinations were performed 2 to 3 times annually by either a surgeon and/or a radiation oncologist. Annual mammograms were obtained. The patients included postmenopausal women with node-negative early-stage invasive ductal carcinoma with a tumor size Results At a median follow-up period of 66 months (range, 1-139 months) after completing treatment, with a minimum of 5 years of follow-up data for 62 patients (55.9%), the incidence of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) was 2.7% (n = 3) and the incidence of ipsilateral axilla nodal recurrence was 1.8% (n = 2). The ipsilateral breast preservation rate was 97.3%. The salvage mastectomy rate was 2.7% (n = 3), and the 5-year salvage mastectomy-free rate was 98.7% (95% confidence interval, 91.0%-99.8%). No distant failure developed, and no breast cancer-related deaths occurred. The 5-year overall survival rate was 91.7% (95% confidence interval, 83.2%-96.0%), and the 10-year breast cancer-specific survival rate was 100%. Of the 3 cases of IBTR, 2 were estrogen receptor negative (P = .076). The mean interval to IBTR was 78.7 ± 27.5 months from treatment completion. A significant association was noted between African-American ethnicity and IBTR (P = .0398). Excellent to good cosmesis was observed in 98.1% of the patients. The maximum skin dose (mean value) for patients with excellent, good, and fair cosmesis was 302.2 Gy, 315.4 Gy, and 372.5 Gy (88.9%, 92.7%, and 109.5% of the prescription dose), respectively. The maximum skin dose was Conclusion The long-term follow-up data of patients receiving APBI with a balloon device showed a low salvage mastectomy rate with durable long-term breast preservation. Excellent local control with good cosmesis was noted in these postmenopausal patients treated with APBI.
The connected worlds of Haji Mustapha (c. 1730–91): A Eurasian cosmopolitan in eighteenth-century Bengal:

Haji Mustapha (d. 1791), sometimes also referred to by the French name Raymond, or by his pen name ‘Nota Manus’ (‘a known hand’), is best known as the translator and publisher of one of the most ce...
Cocaine elicits autophagic cytotoxicity via a nitric oxide-GAPDH signaling cascade

Cocaine exerts its behavioral stimulant effects by facilitating synaptic actions of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin. It is also neurotoxic and broadly cytotoxic, leading to overdose deaths. We demonstrate that the cytotoxic actions of cocaine reflect selective enhancement of autophagy, a process that physiologically degrades metabolites and cellular organelles, and that uncontrolled autophagy can also lead to cell death. In brain cultures, cocaine markedly increases levels of LC3-II and depletes p62, both actions characteristic of autophagy. By contrast, cocaine fails to stimulate cell death processes reflecting parthanatos, monitored by cleavage of poly(ADP ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1), or necroptosis, assessed by levels of phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein. Pharmacologic inhibition of autophagy protects neurons against cocaine-induced cell death. On the other hand, inhibition of parthanatos, necroptosis, or apoptosis did not change cocaine cytotoxicity. Depletion of ATG5 or beclin-1, major mediators of autophagy, prevents cocaine-induced cell death. By contrast, depleting caspase-3, whose cleavage reflects apoptosis, fails to alter cocaine cytotoxicity, and cocaine does not alter caspase-3 cleavage. Moreover, depleting PARP-1 or RIPK1, key mediators of parthanatos and necroptosis, respectively, did not prevent cocaine-induced cell death. Autophagic actions of cocaine are mediated by the nitric oxide-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase signaling pathway. Thus, cocaine-associated autophagy is abolished by depleting GAPDH via shRNA; by the drug CGP3466B, which prevents GAPDH nitrosylation; and by mutating cysteine-150 of GAPDH, its site of nitrosylation. Treatments that selectively influence cocaine-associated autophagy may afford therapeutic benefit.
60 YEARS OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY: Redefining neuroendocrinology: stress, sex and cognitive and emotional regulation

The discovery of steroid hormone receptors in brain regions that mediate every aspect of brain function has broadened the definition of 'neuroendocrinology' to include the reciprocal communication between the brain and the body via hormonal and neural pathways. The brain is the central organ of stress and adaptation to stress because it perceives and determines what is threatening, as well as the behavioral and physiological responses to the stressor. The adult and developing brain possess remarkable structural and functional plasticity in response to stress, including neuronal replacement, dendritic remodeling, and synapse turnover. Stress causes an imbalance of neural circuitry subserving cognition, decision-making, anxiety and mood that can alter expression of those behaviors and behavioral states. This imbalance, in turn, affects systemic physiology via neuroendocrine, autonomic, immune and metabolic mediators. In the short term, as for increased fearful vigilance and anxiety in a threatening environment, these changes may be adaptive. But, if the danger passes and the behavioral state persists along with the changes in neural circuitry, such maladaptation may need intervention with a combination of pharmacological and behavioral therapies, as is the case for chronic anxiety and depression. There are important sex differences in the brain responses to stressors that are in urgent need of further exploration. Moreover, adverse early-life experience, interacting with alleles of certain genes, produce lasting effects on brain and body over the life-course via epigenetic mechanisms. While prevention is most important, the plasticity of the brain gives hope for therapies that take into consideration brain-body interactions.
Target focal therapy in early prostate cancer: Initial single institution results

15574 Background: Currently the potential for over- and under-treatment using radical and watchful waiting options respectively constitutes a challenge in the management of patients with early orga...
Extracellular and Intracellular Water Loss during Suprarenal Insufficiency in the Dog

SummaryThe initial hemoconcentration which is observed in suprarenal insufficiency in the dog is due at least in part to a renal loss of extracellular fluid. It is followed during the early stage of repair by a further loss of water, primarily intracellular in origin, a reflection of cellular damage which is not made manifest until this reanal excretion takes place during the recovery phase. The first effect of the cortical hormone upon the animal in suprarenal insufficiency is to produce an increased urinary excretion of potassium, nitrogen, and phosphates, followed by retention of sodium and of chlorides.The ultimate effect of the hormone is the restoration and maintenance of the proper plasma concentrations of potassium and sodium through regulation of their renal excretion. Hence, it plays a predominant role in the stabilization of a proper volume of extracellular fluid.
Persistent viruria due to reovirus in a patient treated for Hodgkin's disease in a protected environment.

Although reoviruses rarely cause illness in man, these viruses have been recovered commonly from feces, and occasionally from the nasal and pharyngeal swabs of naturally infected people [1, p. 573-574]. However, excretion of reovirus in urine has not been reported previously. A patient with advanced Hodgkin's disease who exhibited persistent viruria due to reovirus type 1 is presented. Viruria occurred during treatment with cytotoxic drugs and glucocortocoids under conditions of antimicrobial prophylaxis immediately before and during confinement in a protected environment.
Abstract B36: Modifier genes and cancer susceptibility: Lessons from inbred mouse strains

The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene is mutated in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), an inherited disorder that predisposes individuals to developing intestinal polyposis and eventually leads to cancer. In the Min mouse model, the genetic background of mice carrying a mutation in the murine homolog of the APC gene (ApcMin) is critical to the manifestation of tumor phenotypes, as inbred strains have been demonstrated to differ dramatically in their susceptibility to polyposis. Complex trait analyses from several laboratories, including our own, have identified modifier loci that alter intestinal tumor number and size in ApcMin/+ mice, but less than a handful of modifier genes have been identified to date. We review the results of several quantitative trait loci (QTL) studies that have exploited the genomic diversity among inbred mouse strains and report the identification of novel modifier loci that protect against polyposis. We compare the results with cancer susceptibility loci identified through GWAS and other studies in the human genome. The usefulness of using the mouse as a model organism for optimizing complex trait screens for cancer phenotypes and speeding the process of causative gene identification is discussed. Research supported in part by NCI grants to LDS. Citation Format: Stephanie Nnadi, Xiang Wang, Richard C. Crist, Arthur M. Buchberg, Linda D. Siracusa. Modifier genes and cancer susceptibility: Lessons from inbred mouse strains. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: The Translational Impact of Model Organisms in Cancer; Nov 5-8, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2014;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B36.
The Metaethical Paradox of Just War Theory

The traditional requirements upon the waging of a “just war” are ostensibly independent, but in actual practice each tenet is subject ultimately to the interpretation of a “legitimate authority”, whose declaration becomes the necessary and sufficient condition. While just war theory presupposes that some acts are absolutely wrong, it also implies that the killing of innocents can be rendered permissible through human decree. Nations are conventionally delimited, and leaders are conventionally appointed. Any group of people could band together to form a nation, and any person could, in principle, be appointed the leader of any nation. Because the “just war” approach assumes absolutism while implying relativism, the stance is paradoxical and hence rationally untenable.
Exogenous indirect photoinactivation of bacterial pathogens and indicators in water with natural and synthetic photosensitizers in simulated sunlight with reduced UVB.

AIMS To investigate the UVB-independent and exogenous indirect photoinactivation of eight human health-relevant bacterial species in the presence of photosensitizers. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight bacterial species were exposed to simulated sunlight with greatly reduced UVB light intensity in the presence of three synthetic photosensitizers and two natural photosensitizers. Inactivation curves were fit with shoulder log-linear or first-order kinetic models, from which the presence of a shoulder and magnitude of inactivation rate constants were compared. Eighty-four percent reduction in the UVB light intensity roughly matched a 72-95% reduction in the overall bacterial photoinactivation rate constants in sensitizer-free water. With the UVB light mostly reduced, the exogenous indirect mechanism contribution was evident for most bacteria and photosensitizers tested, although most prominently with the Gram-positive bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Results confirm the importance of UVB light in bacterial photoinactivation and, with the reduction of the UVB light intensity, that the Gram-positive bacteria are more vulnerable to the exogenous indirect mechanism than Gram-negative bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY UVB is the most important range of the sunlight spectrum for bacterial photoinactivation. In aquatic environments where photosensitizers are present and there is high UVB light attenuation, UVA and visible wavelengths can contribute to exogenous indirect photoinactivation.
Training and Maintenance of Breast Self-examination Skills

Maintenance of breast self-examination (BSE) skills is crucial to the effectiveness of self-exams in early detection of breast tumors. Although researchers have developed an effective technology for training in these skills, the actual maintenance of such skills remains questionable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of reassessment (and retraining) on maintenance of BSE skills. Twenty-nine women (ages 25—64 years) were trained to complete BSE using the MammaCare training program. Experimental subjects were required to demonstrate their skills at a two-month reassessment and received retraining if their skills had declined below set standards. Measures of proficiency were obtained by requiring all subjects to examine breast models at pretraining, posttraining, and two follow-ups (four months and one year). Lump detection rates were significantly higher in the experimental group at both follow-ups. The control group showed a significant decrease in lump detection rates between posttraining and each follow-up. Results suggest that, after training, periodic reassessment (and retraining) could prevent significant deterioration of BSE skills.
Photonic spin Hall effect in gap–plasmon metasurfaces for on-chip chiroptical spectroscopy

Chiral structures possessing differential optical responses to light circular polarization are very common in biological and organic compounds. Attaining chiroptical effects is of great biochemical importance, yet requires complicated structures. Circular dichroism (CD) spectrometers measuring the differential absorption between left- (LCP) and right-circular (RCP) polarizations involve complex hardware to switch laser polarization and manage data acquisition sequentially. Here, we present compact and power-efficient metasurface-based chiroptical spectroscopy solutions based on gap–plasmon metasurfaces (GPMSs). First, a minimalistic design of a real-time CD spectrometer is obtained by using the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) in a single GPMS, which spatially separates LCP and RCP spectra. It is the smallest CD spectrometer to our knowledge. Another GPMS-based device built with the same approach rotates light polarization by 45° through adding a phase shift between LCP and RCP. Thus, PSHE in GPMS can provide efficient solutions to vital applications including biosensing, DNA structural analysis, and stereochemistry.
Explosion-Proof Housings

The use of explosion-proof housings is based on recognition of the fact that in many types of electrical equipment the amount of energy transferred to a combustible mixture during normal operation of the equipment or during probable and nonpreventable faults cannot in any way be reduced below that required for ignition. One way in which such equipment can be used safely in a hazardous location is to provide an enclosure so constructed that, if ignition does occur around the equipment, the flame cannot propagate outside the enclosure and spread to the surrounding atmosphere. For the enclosure to perform this function it must contain the internal explosion without damage and cool any gases which escape so that they cannot ignite a flammable mixture surrounding the enclosure.
Review: In acute depression, interpersonal psychotherapy is more effective than control but not other therapies

Source Citation Cuijpers P, Donker T, Weissman MM, Ravitz P, Cristea IA. Interpersonal psychotherapy for mental health problems: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry. 2016;173:680-7. 27032627
Vibrational Strong Coupling of Organometallic Complexes

Strong coupling of optical and molecular vibrational states to form polariton states is a promising route toward the modification of molecular bond properties without changing the constituent atoms or formal bonding structure. The transition from weak to strong coupling of ligand vibrational modes of aqueous organometallic complex ions to microfluidic Fabry–Perot cavity modes is demonstrated using the Fe(CN)64− ion as a model system. It was found that the complex can exhibit tunable strong vibrational coupling while dissolved in solution at moderate concentrations, with a lower limit of approximately 15 mM, due to its large molar extinction coefficient and narrow resonance bandwidth. Combining the exquisite fluid control of microfluidic devices with the ability to modify ligand bond properties of transition metal complexes via vibrational strong coupling may lead to novel methods for the examination of catalytic reaction mechanisms and provide a new means for tailoring catalyst molecules.
Investigation of the effects of recycled engine oil bottoms on asphalt field performance following an oxidation modeling approach

ABSTRACTThis work investigates the effects of recycled engine oil bottoms (REOBs) on asphalt field performance by comparing asphalts with and without REOBs in terms of the asphalt properties required for pavement oxidation modeling. Specifically, oxidation reaction kinetics parameters, dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) function (DSRFn) hardening susceptibility (HS), and low sheer viscosity (LSV) HS are determined and compared for base binder, 5 wt.% REOBs, and 15 wt.% REOBs blends. At the higher percentage, addition of REOBs appears to increase the initial oxidation rate at field temperatures and significantly increases LSV HS, but does not significantly increase the DSRFn HS. A field modeling example elucidates the effects.
"The Integration of Social and Economic Discourse in U.S. Firms, 1960-2010"

It is widely recognized that firms are increasingly pressured not only to generate profit and shareholder value for owners and investors, but also to become more socially responsible in response to...
Revision of the Early Permian ammonoid family Perrinitidae

The perrinitids are biostratigraphically significant, provincial Lower Permian ammonitic Goniatitina characterized by subglobose to thickly subdiscoidal, narrowly umbilicate conchs. The suture fundamentally displays a three-fold division of the external lateral, umbilical and internal lateral lobes. With the aid of a considerable body of new data concerning the internal suture and sutural ontogenies, it is now expedient to arrange the perrinitids in two subfamilies, the Perrinitinae and Paraperrinitinae. The Perrinitinae have relatively simple internal sutures and comprise the ancestral Subperrinites n. gen. and the descendant Perrinites Boese. The Paraperrinitinae have relatively complex internal sutures and comprise the ancestral Properrinites Elias and the descendant Paraperrinites Toumanskaya.--Modified journal abstract.
The July Effect in Urological Surgery—Myth or Reality?

AbstractIntroduction:The July effect is the widely held belief that medical care is compromised at the beginning of the academic year due to transitioning medical trainees. We determined its impact...
1608b Indications for lifetime healthcare of affected populations from the world trade centre and other major international disasters

Background The disasters at Seveso, Three Mile Island, Bhopal, Chernobyl, the World Trade Centre (WTC) and Fukushima had historic health and economic sequelae for large populations of workers, responders and community members. Methods Comparative data from these events were collected to derive indications for future preparedness. Information from the primary sources and a literature review addressed: exposure assessment; exposed populations; health surveillance; follow-up and research outputs; observed physical and mental health effects; treatment and benefits; and outreach activities. Results Exposure assessment was conducted in Seveso, Chernobyl and Fukushima, although none benefited from a timely or systematic strategy, yielding immediate and sequential measurements after the disaster. Identification of exposed subjects was overall underestimated. Health surveillance, treatment and follow-up research were implemented in Seveso, Chernobyl, Fukushima, and at the WTC, mostly focusing on the workers and responders, and to a lesser extent on residents. Exposure-related physical and mental health consequences were identified, indicating the need for a long-term health care of the affected populations. Fukushima has generated the largest scientific output so far, followed by the WTCHP and Chernobyl. Benefits programs and active outreach figured prominently in only the WTC Health Program. The analysis of these programs yielded the following lessons: Know who was there; Have public health input to the disaster response; Collect health and needs data rapidly; Take care of the affected; Emergency preparedness; Data driven, needs assessment, advocacy. Conclusion Given the long-lasting health consequences of natural and man-made disasters, health surveillance and treatment programs are critical for management of health conditions, and emergency preparedness plans are needed to prevent or minimise the impact of future threats.
Weren't Asked, Didn't Tell: Prevalence of Communication of Suicidal Ideation in Suicide Decedents During the Last Year of Life.

Abstract Objective To explore what percentage of suicide decedents (SDs) vs controls were assessed for suicidality at medical appointments in the year before death. Patients and Methods Using the Rochester Epidemiology Project, 66 SDs dying in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2009, were identified and matched with 141 age- and sex-matched controls. Blinded chart review determined how often providers screened and subjects endorsed suicidal ideation (SI). Positive indicators included chart notes recording SI and/or Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scored more than 0 on question 9. Results We found that only 29 of 66 (43.9%) SDs and 14 of 141 (9.9%) controls had been screened at any point by any means ( P P P = .02; OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.2-10.6). Conclusions With providers screening less than half of SDs at any point in the year before death, and less than 60% of SDs ever endorsing SI, including none at final appointments, the findings of this naturalistic study bring into question both current screening practices and screening effectiveness. Nonetheless, when SDs were screened, they were significantly more likely to endorse SI than were controls, not 1 of whom ever expressed SI. Taken together, these data suggest that patients expressing SI at any point are at elevated risk for eventual suicide.
How Do the Hospital Prices Paid by Medicare Advantage Plans and Commercial Plans Compare With Medicare Fee-for-Service Prices?

The prices that private insurers pay hospitals have received considerable attention in recent years, but most of that literature has focused on the commercially insured population. Although nearly ...
New Weed Control Strategies for Soybeans

Selective herbicide discovery and development has historically been done by combining a chemical synthesis program to a biological whole plant screen. This procedure has generated many good soybean herbicides. Using genetic engineering techniques, it is now possible to develop physiological crop selectivity independent of a chemical synthesis program. The procedures used to develop glyphosate-tolerant soybeans are described as a model for such an approach.
Static Detection of Implementation Errors Using Formal Code Specification

The software engineering community suggests that formal specification of source code facilitates the verification that can help to identify hidden functional errors. In this work, we investigate the impact of various levels of formal specification on the ability to statically detect errors in code. Our goal is to quantify the return on investment with regards to the effectiveness of identifying errors versus the overhead of specifying software at various levels of detail. We looked at common algorithms and data structures implemented using C# and specified using Spec#. We selectively omitted various parts of the specification to come up with five different levels of specification, from unspecified to highly-specified. For each level of specification, we injected errors into the classes using a fault injection tool. Experimentation using a verifier showed that over 80% of the errors were detected from the highest specification levels while the levels in between generated mixed results. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to quantitatively measure the effect of formal methods on code quality. We believe that our work can help convince skeptics that formal methods can be practically integrated into programming activities to produce code with higher quality even with partial specification.
Pain Management With Interventional Spine Therapy in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Series

Background/Objective: Chronic pain is common in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Any new strategy that is effective in treating this problem would be welcomed by this patient population.
Structure of Semi-Simple Lie Algebras

The semi-simple algebras and their representations play a central role in applications to physical examples. For example, so(3), su(2), so(3, 1) and su(3) are all (real) semi-simple algebras. The complex semi-simple algebras were originally classified by Killing and Cartan in his thesis (1894); and later (1914) Cartan classified the real ones. We discuss these matters in some detail in this chapter; but before launching into an abstract algebraic development, we ease into the subject with two simple examples.
Designing Energy Conservation Voluntary Agreements for the Industrial Sector in China: Experience from a Pilot Project with Two Steel Mills in Shandong Province

China faces a significant challenge in the years ahead to continue to provide essential materials and products for a rapidly growing economy while addressing pressing environmental concerns. China's industrial sector consumes about 70% of the nation's total energy each year and is heavily dependent on the country's abundant, yet polluting, coal resources. Industrial production locally pollutes the air with emissions of criteria pollutants, uses scarce water and oil resources, emits greenhouse gases contributing to climate change, and produces wastes. Fostering innovative approaches that are tailored to China's emerging market-based political economy to reduce the use of polluting energy resources and to diminish pollution from industrial production is one of the most important challenges facing the nation today. The use of Voluntary Agreements as a policy for increasing energy-efficiency in industry, which has been a popular approach in many industrialized countries since the early 1990s, is being tested for use in China through a pilot project with two steel mills in Shandong Province. The pilot project was developed through international collaboration with experts in China, the Netherlands, and the U.S. Designing the pilot project involved development of approaches for energy-efficiency potential assessments for the steel mills, targetsetting to establish the Voluntary Agreement energy-efficiency goals, preparing energy-efficiency plans for implementation of energy-saving technologies and measures, and monitoring and evaluating the project's energy savings.
Surgery of Hand and Finger Amputations

The management of upper limb amputations is an important part of the practice of surgery of the hand. Reattachment of parts has opened dramatic new potentials, but elective amputation and wound closure after traumatic loss remain frequent and important operations. The negative aura surrounding these unpleasant events favors their quick disposition, but they demand the same measured judgement, technical skill, and concern that any reparative hand operation requires. Many basic surgical principles related to amputation are well established and must be followed. The difference in surgery under war conditions and civilian practice, where careful surveillance is possible, must be appreciated. Secondary procedures must be proposed on the basis of very careful study of the circumstances and the needs of each patient, above all avoiding unrealistic attempts at reconstruction. The aesthetics and the psychological impact cannot be ignored. Success can be measured only by the patient's recovery in a global sense, that is, how well he or she resumes normal life.
Multimorbidity and healthcare utilization among early survivors of pediatric cancer

Early survivors of pediatric cancer are at increased risk of experiencing chronic conditions; however, little is known about the morbidity burden in this population. In this observational cohort study of commercially insured pediatric cancer survivors in the United States (2009-2014), we find that 22.5% of survivors had one chronic condition, and 36.3% had multiple. Compared with survivors without chronic conditions, the presence of multiple conditions significantly increased the odds of an emergency department visit by 70% (odds ratios [OR], 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-2.1) and of a hospitalization almost four-fold (OR, 3.8; 95% CI], 2.5-5.5). Findings are important for informing pediatric survivorship care plans in the years following completion of therapy.
Magnet-Less Circulator Using AlN MEMS Filters and CMOS RF Switches

A circulator with three ports allows unidirectional (or non-reciprocal) power transmission and facilitates the development of in-band full duplexers for simultaneous transmit and receive radio frequency (RF) applications. The use of ferromagnetic materials is the dominant approach for the implementation of circulators despite they are bulky and non-integrable with semiconductor electronics. Here, we present a novel magnetic-free electrical circulator using CMOS-integrable filters based on AlN MEMS resonators and CMOS RF switches. This paper describes a compact approach for a circulator that could be used in handheld devices. To break reciprocity, the AlN MEMS filter network is parametrically modulated via a switching matrix. The modulation frequency and duty cycle of the switching matrix were optimized experimentally so that the circulator can provide up to 15dB of isolation over the entire filter bandwidth. This prototype is a very compact solution for the implementation of magnetic-free circulators, which also intrinsically offer sharp pass-band filtering, thus eliminating the need for additional filters. The discussion highlights how possible paths to reduce the circulator insertion loss would make this approach more appealing for a broad range of applications.
Choline supplementation alters egg production performance and hepatic oxidative status of laying hens fed high-docosahexaenoic acid microalgae.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of choline as a means of increasing docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3, DHA) deposition in egg yolks of hens fed a high-DHA microalgae product. Fifty-six, 26-wk-old, White Leghorn hens were kept in individual cages and randomly allocated to 1 of 4 dietary treatments, each with 7 replicate groups of 2 hens (n = 7 per treatment). The experimental diets were corn and soybean meal based, with 0% microalgae (control), 1% microalgae and no additional choline chloride (Alg), and Alg plus choline chloride at 0.1% (Ch0.1) and 0.2% (Ch0.2). The feeding trial lasted 16 wk. The data were fit as a general linear mixed model to generate least square means in response to diet. Variables measured multiple times during the study were fit as repeated measures. Using orthogonal contrasts, Alg was compared to control, and Ch0.1 and Ch0.2 were compared separately to Alg. Ch0.1 increased hen day egg production (P 0.05). In the liver, Alg increased lipid peroxidation products compared to control (P < 0.01), and Ch0.1 reduced them compared to Alg (P < 0.01). Both Ch0.1 and Ch0.2 increased hepatic concentrations of γ- (P < 0.05; P < 0.001) and α-tocopherol (P < 0.01; P < 0.001), and Ch0.1 increased γ-tocopherol concentration in eggs compared to Alg (P < 0.05). The results from the current study suggest that supplemental choline chloride in hen diets containing microalgae can improve production performance and egg quality, and protect the liver from oxidative stress.
Spin Fluctuations and Quasiparticles in Cu-O Planes

There is general agreement that the Cu-O planes of the High Temperature superconductors may be described by a nearly isotropic Heisenberg model of localized spins when the doping is such that there is one hole per copper site. There has been considerable controversy over the nature of the ground state,1–3 although the consensus now is that it is Neel ordered, as spin wave theory suggests. I present here results for the dynamics of the two dimensional Heisenberg model with arbitrary spin based upon the spin wave expansion away from the Neel state that are asymptotically exact for large S and low temperatures, and that are accurate for spin 1/2. They give a satisfactory explanation of the neutron scattering data, at least at near zero temperatures, and, although the relevant correlation functions have not been calculated yet, a qualitative explanation for the differences in the two magnon light scattering from previous theoretical predictions.4 This work was done in conjunction with T. Becher3 and K. Stuart.5 It predicts that dynamical scaling is violated in the classical system, a result that is consistent with recent simulations of Wysin, Bishop and Gouvea6 and with a similar theory for the ferromagnet published some years ago.7
What the World Needs Now: An Intervention for Promoting Prosocial Behavior

Prosocial behavior benefits individuals and society. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop a new, integrative intervention for fostering prosocial behavior. The intervention combines activ...
Large-Area Silver Nanodimple Arrays for Ultrasensitive Molecular Beacon-Based DNA Sensing

We report a large-area nanoplasmonic device fabricated by nanosphere lithography for enhanced molecular beacon-based biosensing. The device enabled 20-fold fluorescence enhancement that led to ultrasensitive DNA sensing with the detection limit of 10 fM.
Anomalous Hall conductivity of noncollinear magnetic antiperovskites

The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is a well-known fundamental property of ferromagnetic metals, commonly associated with the presence of a net magnetization. Recently, an AHE has been discovered in noncollinear antiferromagnetic (AFM) metals. Driven by nonvanishing Berry curvature of AFM materials with certain magnetic space-group symmetry, anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) is very sensitive to the specific type of magnetic ordering. Here, we investigate the appearance of AHC in antiperovskite materials family $A\mathrm{NM}{\mathrm{n}}_{3}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}(A=\mathrm{Ga},\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Sn},\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Ni})$, where different types of noncollinear magnetic ordering can emerge. Using symmetry analyses and first-principles density-functional theory calculations, we show that with almost identical band structure the nearly degenerate noncollinear AFM ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{5\mathrm{g}}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{4\mathrm{g}}$ phases of ${\mathrm{GaNMn}}_{3}$ have zero and finite AHC, respectively. In a noncollinear ferrimagnetic M-1 phase, ${\mathrm{GaNMn}}_{3}$ exhibits a large AHC due to the presence of a sizable net magnetic moment. In the noncollinear antiperovskite magnets, transitions between different magnetic phases, exhibiting different AHC states, can be produced by doping, strain, or spin transfer torque, which makes these materials promising for novel spintronic applications.
State-of-the-art pharmacological approaches to reduce chorea in Huntington's disease.

Introduction Chorea is a common motor manifestation of Huntington’s disease (HD). Two vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT-2) inhibitors have been approved by the FDA for treatment of HD ch...