cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Junctional Adhesion Molecule-a Regulates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-a-Dependent Permeability

Abstract Introduction: Vascular barrier function is important for maintaining vascular integrity and is regulated by endothelial tight junctions. Breaches in the tight junction result in increased endothelial cell (EC) permeability, which leads to a variety of pathological conditions such as edema, vascular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and ischemia reperfusion injury. Junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A), is an integral part of the tight junctions of ECs. It has been shown that a lack of Jam-A affects neutrophil extravasation and FGF-2-induced angiogenesis. Role of JAM-A in regulation of vascular permeability is not known. Methods: Jam-A knockout (KO) and age-matched wild-type (WT) control mice of both sexes were used in this study. In vivo vascular permeability was assessed using Miles assay and quantified colorimetrically by extracting Evans blue in formamide at 56oC. The circulating plasma level of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in WT and Jam-A KO mice was measured by ELISA assay. Surface expression of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) was analyzed by flow cytometry. Quantitative real- time PCR was used to determine gene transcription. Protein expression was determined by western blotting. VEGF-induced WT and Jam-A KO EC migration was analyzed by both scratch and trans-well assays. Results: Although Jam-A resides at the endothelial tight junctions, genetic ablation of Jam-A does not affect blood vessel structure. However, basal vascular permeability was significantly enhanced (P Conclusion: Our results suggest that JAM-A positively regulates EC tight junction integrity by suppressing levels of VEGF-A and VEGFR2 through downregulation ofHIF-1α and Id1 transcription factors. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Deficiency Zero Theory Foundations and Some Key Propositions

At the end of this chapter, we will complete the proofs of the Deficiency Zero Theorem and some of its variants. A considerable amount of the work has already been done: In Chapter 13 we described the dynamical consequences that accrue to a kinetic system having the quasi-thermodynamic property. In Chapter 15, we indicated how, for a mass action system, complex balancing at a positive equilibrium ensures quasi-thermodynamicity. In this chapter we will, among other things, connect complex balancing in a kinetic system to architectural properties of the underlying reaction network—in particular to the network’s deficiency and to its graphical structure. The Deficiency Zero Theorem derives from these connections.
Cyclobutyne: Minimum or Transition State?

A cornucopia of very high-level theoretical methods has been used to study cyclobutyne, a molecule that has been the center of much speculation. We conclude that cyclobutyne is a transition state i...
Strain-driven nanodumbbell structure and enhanced physical properties in hybrid vertically aligned nanocomposite thin films

Abstract Constructing vertical or lateral heterointerfaces using nanocomposite structures is an effective approach for tuning the overall strain state and the resulting physical properties of functional complex oxides. A hybrid La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO)—CeO2 nanocomposite thin film with a novel nanodumbbell structure has been heteroepitaxially constructed by sequentially building composite bilayers with different two-phase volumetric ratios. Despite the different lateral diameters of the CeO2 domains in the two sequential nanocomposite layers, the CeO2 phase is coaxially grown within the LSMO matrix and vertically aligned to the substrate, producing the nanodumbbell structure. This structure is ascribed to a strain-driven nucleation and growth process. The high-density, tilted LSMO–CeO2 heterointerfaces exhibit distinct domain mismatch patterns—different from the vertical counterparts and thus present highly efficient strain tuning and highly improved magnetic and transport performances. More importantly, the well stacked CeO2 nanodumbbell structure suggests a strain-driven nucleation and growth mechanism in vertically aligned nanocomposite growth and demonstrates a new approach to enhance interfacial coupling and strain tunability in heteroepitaxial nanocomposite thin films by wise practice of the nucleation and growth mechanism.
Taxicab crashes modeling with informative spatial autocorrelation

Abstract Maintaining taxi safety is one of the important goals of operating urban transportation systems. Taxicabs are often prone to higher crash risk due to their long-time exposure to the complicated and dynamic traffic environments in urban areas. Despite existing efforts in understanding the safety issues associated with these vehicles, there were still few attempts that have specifically examined the relationship between taxi-involved crashes and other multifaceted contributing factors. To this end, this paper aims to develop crash frequency models for analyzing taxi-involved crashes. In particular, the spatial autocorrelations between variables were explored and the Poisson conditional autoregressive (Poisson-CAR) models for taxi-involved crashes were proposed. Unlike previous safety studies that mainly consider distance as the key indicator of spatial correlation, the present paper introduced the use of massive taxi trip data for constructing a more informative spatial weight matrix. The developed models with the taxi trip-based weight matrix were tested by using the 2016 taxi trip data collected in Washington D.C. The modeling results highlight the key explanatory factors such as road density, taxi activity, number of bus stops, and land use. More importantly, it demonstrates that the proposed Poisson-CAR models with the taxi trip-based weight matrix outperformed both the non-spatial Poisson model and the Poisson-CAR models using conventional distance-based weight matrix. Moran’s I tests further indicate that our proposed models have sufficiently accounted for the spatial autocorrelation of the residuals. Thus, it deserves to consider informative spatial weight matrices when applying spatial models in traffic safety studies.
Understanding T cell signaling using membrane reconstitution

T cells are central players of our immune system, as their functions range from killing tumorous and virus-infected cells to orchestrating the entire immune response. In order for T cells to divide and execute their functions, they must be activated by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) through a cell-cell junction. Extracellular interactions between receptors on T cells and their ligands on APCs trigger signaling cascades comprised of protein-protein interactions, enzymatic reactions, and spatial reorganization events, to either stimulate or repress T cell activation. Plasma membrane is the major platform for T cell signaling. Recruitment of cytosolic proteins to membrane-bound receptors is a common critical step in many signaling pathways. Membranes decrease the dimensionality of protein-protein interactions to enable weak yet biologically important interactions. Membrane resident proteins can phase separate into micro-islands that promote signaling by enriching or excluding signal regulators. Moreover, some membrane lipids can either mediate or regulate cell signaling by interacting with signaling proteins. While it is critical to investigate T cell signaling in a cellular environment, the large number of signaling pathways involved and potential crosstalk have made it difficult to obtain precise, quantitative information on T cell signaling. Reconstitution of purified proteins to model membranes provides a complementary avenue for T cell signaling research. Here, I review recent progress in studying T cell signaling using membrane reconstitution approaches.
A Discrete Event Theory Based Approach for Modeling Power System Cascading Failures

For a power system cascading failure, the failure propagates through a sequential tripping of the components in the network. As a result, a complete or partial shutdown may occur. Although many models were developed to understand the failure propagation mechanism, the joint dynamics between discrete sequential tripping and continuous power flow has not been fully evaluated. Further study is needed in this area to develop an abstract higher model, which captures the systems flow dynamics. This paper introduces a new approach for studying the cascading failure and develops a model that translates the power system into an Automata based on the components operational modes. Based on a Discrete Event Systems (DES) approach, the overall system is analyzed. Cascading failure is then defined in a DES framework, and supervisory control strategies are introduced as a solution to mitigate cascading failures. Additionally, an illustrative example for the proposed approach is presented. Finally, the proposed modeling approach is simulated by combining continuous power flow study and DES tools in a unified framework.
Vibration energy harvesting using magnetic spring based nonlinear oscillators: Design strategies and insights

Abstract The rising technologies of wearable electronics resulted in urgent demand for developing eco-friendly power sources that can utilize free energies around us including ambient vibrations. Magnetic springs are amongst the most common techniques used to build vibration energy harvesting systems that convert vibrational energy into useful electric power. Here, we present an experimental and theoretical platform for design guidelines and analysis of magnetic springs encountered in vibration energy harvesting systems. An energy harvester prototype consisting of an oscillating solid magnet levitated between two stationary ring magnets is constructed and used for experimental evaluation. Results show excellent agreement between model and experiment. The use of the analytical force model to represent magnetic force nonlinearities is essential at high accelerations. While the magnetic damping coefficient varies during dynamic operation and is dependent on the position of the levitated magnet, it is shown that approximating this coefficient as a constant provides accurate prediction of the dynamic behavior of the system. Approximate analytical expressions for linear and nonlinear stiffness coefficients are obtained. Results suggest that linear and nonlinear stiffness coefficients are coupled. The outer diameter of the stationary ring magnet can be used to tune the nonlinearity of the energy harvesting system to obtain linear, hardening nonlinear, or softening nonlinear response. This work serves as a tool for designers to understand the behavior of magnetic spring based harvesting systems and evaluate their performance in light of their design parameters. This work also can serve other energy systems that utilize magnetic springs including energy sinks.
Book Review: Teotihuacan: City of Water, City of Fire, edited by Matthew Robb

Teotihuacan: City of Water, City of Fire , by Matthew Robb, ed. Berkeley: University of California Press, in association with the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, 2017. 444 pages, 350 color illus. Hardcover $75.00. Reviewed by Ellen Hoobler. In 1973, the archaeologist Rene Millon published two
Ecocentrism: Resetting Baselines for Virtue Development

From a planetary perspective, industrialized humans have become unvirtuous and holistically destructive in comparison to 99% of human genus existence. Why? This paper draws a transdisciplinary explanation. Humans are social mammals who are born particularly immature with a lengthy, decades-long maturational schedule and thus evolved an intensive nest for the young (soothing perinatal experience, responsive care, extensive breastfeeding, multiple responsive caregivers, positive social support, self-directed free play with multi-aged mates in the natural world). Neurosciences show that evolved nest components support normal development at all levels (e.g., neurobiological, social, psychological), laying the foundations for virtue. Nest components are degraded in industrialized societies. Studies and accounts of societies that provide the nest, particularly nomadic foragers, the type of society in which humanity spent 99% of its genus history, indicate a more virtuous human nature than that industrialized societies think is normal or possible. Nest-supported human nature displays Darwin’s moral sense whereas unnested individuals show dysregulation and a degraded moral sense—a species-atypical human nature. Original virtue is about flourishing—of self, human community and the more than human community—within all circles of life, based in a deep awareness of humanity’s dependence on the rest of nature to survive. The pillars of original virtue include relational attunement (engagement ethic), communal imagination, and respectful partnership with the natural world. All are apparent in human societies that provide the nest to their young, fostering connectedness throughout life. They maintain communal imagination through cultural practices that enhance ecological attachment and receptive intelligence to the natural world.
A Randomized and Controlled Acceptability Trial of an Internet-based Therapy among Inpatients with Co-occurring Substance Use and Other Psychiatric Disorders.

Technology-assisted treatment (TAT) holds promise for innovative assessment, prevention, and treatment of substance use disorders (SUD). The widespread access to TAT makes it a potentially cost-eff...
Optimizing ECMO Teams: What Every ECMO Educator Needs to Know About the Latest Advances in Team Science

ECMO is a team sport and requires a sophisticated understanding of team science to optimize outcomes. This chapter provides an overview of the latest understanding of advances in team science and concepts applicable to ECMO teams. Concepts such as coordination and sensemaking will be reviewed. There will also be a review of newer techniques to improve team performance including 10 for 10, use of a boundary spanner, team reflectivity, as well as techniques to increase a team’s psychological safety.
Ergänzungen zum Bestand mittelhochdeutscher stabreimender Wortpaare:: "Anegenge", Albert von Augsburg und Ebernand von Erfurt

Als Erganzung zu einer langjahrigen methodologischen Sammlung stabreimender Wortpaare im Mittelhochdeutschen (siehe zuletzt Jeep 2019: 544, mit den entsprechenden Studien) wird der Wortpaarbestand dreier fruher religioser Texte – Anegenge, Das Leben des Heiligen Ulrich und Heinrich und Kunigunde – erstmals vollstandig und im Kontext der fruhdeutschen Uberlieferung erfasst. Diese vierundzwanzig Paare sind zum Teil schon vor diesen Texten mehrfach belegt, zum Teil wohl Neupragungen. Die Beispiele werden im grosen Zusammenhang mit uber 1.200 bislang nachgewiesenen Wortpaaren des Fruhdeutschen untersucht, wobei die bisherige Forschung mit einbezogen wird. Vorweg wird ein Nachtrag zum bestehenden Katalog fruhmittelhochdeutscher Paare (Jeep 2006) geliefert.
Participation in community organizing: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of impacts on sociopolitical development.

This article reports cross-sectional (Study 1) and longitudinal (Study 2) results from analyses of civic behaviors and attitudes among two groups: participants in grassroots community organizing in five US cities and a geographically balanced sample of their neighbors, many of whom were participating with other types of voluntary organizations (e.g., neighborhood-based or school-based groups). This analytic approach allowed for tests of differences between groups, differences within groups over time, and interactions between groups and time on indicators of sociopolitical development including civic behaviors, psychological sense of community, and the emotional and cognitive components of psychological empowerment. Results showed that community organizing, as a particular type of mediating institution, cultivates sociopolitical development by elevating psychological empowerment and civic engagement over time.
Understanding mathematics coaches’ development: Coaches’ attributions of their professional learning in school districts

Abstract Academic coaching is complex work, requiring pedagogical and content-specific expertise, as well as trust-building skills and an understanding of adult learning. Despite this, little research focuses on the structures through which coaches learn to coach. In this study, we partnered with four mathematics coaches and one district administrator in a public school district to conduct 15 semi-structured, longitudinal interviews focused on coaches’ attributions of their professional learning. Coaches cited 30 distinct attributions of their professional learning, reporting frequent opportunities to learn about pedagogy and content, but fewer opportunities to learn about coaching. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Pediatric Orbital Fractures

SUMMARY Pediatric orbital fractures may present special problems in diagnosis and treatment that differ from those seen in adults. There is variation in the cause of trauma and the frequency and patterns of orbital and associated fractures. The eventual morphology of the fractured bones that compose the orbit and depend on residual facial growth and the selection from treatment options requires the need for longitudinal follow-up until completion of growth.18, 28 The goal in the management of orbital fractures, whether in children or adults, is early re-establishment of preinjury bony anatomy with fixation that is adequate to allow for bony healing, bone grafting if necessary, and rapid return of normal function with limited morbidity.
Motzkin algebras and the An tensor categories of bimodules

We discuss the structure of the Motzkin algebra Mk(D) by introducing a sequence of idempotents and the basic construction. We show that ⋃k≥1Mk(D) admits a factor trace if and only if D ∈{2cos(π/n) ...
The Wave Resistance of a Thin Ship with a Rotational Wake

An inviscid model for a ship with a viscous wake is developed. The wake is considered as a region of vorticity trailing behind the ship. The problem is systematically linearized by the use of a perturbation parameter representing the beam-to-length radio. To first order it is found that the complete velocity potential is composed of two parts. The first is identical to the well-known solution for a thin ship without a wake. The second is the result of the specified vorticity distribution in the wake acting in the absence of the ship. The wake potential is determined for a semi-infinite, U-shaped vortex sheet. The wave resistance for a thin ship with a vortex sheet wake is analytically determined. The results clearly indicate the influence of the wake and its interactions with the ship. Numerical computations are presented for a mathematical form. They show that the wake-wave resistance is about 10 percent of the ship-wave resistance. The interaction term may be positive or negative depending on the wake attachment point. A comparison with experimental data is made. It is found that the present type of rotational wake model can account for the differences between Michell's integral and experiments for the mathematical form.
The function of Colono-Indian ceramics: Insights from Limerick plantation, South Carolina

Colono-Indian ceramics occur with variable frequency in Colonial sites from Virginia to Florida. These ceramics have traditionally been viewed as having been manufactured by local Indian groups for trade with European settlers. Recently, however, it has been suggested that many, if not most, of these ceramics were manufactured by African slaves—a documented practice on Barbados during the 17th and 18th centuries. Despite these questions concerning who was responsible for the manufacture of Colono-Indian ceramics, questions concerning the diachronic and synchronic function of these ceramics are largely unresolved. This paper focuses largely on these questions of general function, using material from an 18th and 19th century rice plantation in coastal South Carolina as the primary data base.
What Have We Learned from the Recent Historiography of Alchemy

Over the last two decades a new scholarship on alchemy has emerged, leading to a fundamental reformulation of knowledge about alchemists and their activities. We now know that medieval and early modern alchemists employed experiment in concert with theory to demonstrate the existence of stable "chymical atoms," which were thought to combine with one another according to a hierarchical theory of matter. Employing laboratory-based analysis and synthesis, alchemists were among the first explicitly to enunciate the principle of mass balance and to show that materials are compounded of the ingredients into which they can be physically decomposed. Perhaps even more surprisingly, these convictions and practices arose out of the interaction of alchemical practice with scholastic Aristotelianism, long viewed by historians of the Scientific Revolution as antithetical to experiment. Thus the new historiography challenges both a long-standing marginalization of alchemy itself and a commonplace view of Aristotelianism as inimical to the early modern growth of experimental science.
Kinetics of slowly initiated cationic polymerization involving a pre-initiator, living and dormant polymers

Discussion et modification du traitement cinetique propose par Kennedy pour la polymerisation cationique vivante de l'isobutene supposee avoir lieu sans terminaison ni transfert
Mining Concept-Drifting Data Streams

Knowledge discovery from infinite data streams is an important and difficult task. We are facing two challenges, the overwhelming volume and the concept drifts of the streaming data. In this chapter, we introduce a general framework for mining concept-drifting data streams using weighted ensemble classifiers. We train an ensemble of classification models, such as C4.5, RIPPER, naive Bayesian, etc., from sequential chunks of the data stream. The classifiers in the ensemble are judiciously weighted based on their expected classification accuracy on the test data under the time-evolving environment. Thus, the ensemble approach improves both the efficiency in learning the model and the accuracy in performing classification. Our empirical study shows that the proposed methods have substantial advantage over single-classifier approaches in prediction accuracy, and the ensemble framework is effective for a variety of classification models.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of solute transport in heterogeneous porous media with conduits to estimate macroscopic continuous time random walk model parameters

Lattice Boltzmann simulation of solute transport in heterogeneous porous media with conduits to estimate macroscopic continuous time random walk model parameters Shadab Anwar Department of Earth Sciences, Florida International University, University Park, M i a m i , F L 33199, U S A E-mail: sanwa001@fiu.edu Andrea Cortis Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley, C A 94720, U S A E-mail: acortis@lbl.gov Michael C. Sukop* Department o f Earth Sciences, Florida International University, University Park, M i a m i , F L 33199, USA E-mail: sukopm@fiu.edu * Corresponding author Abstract: Lattice Boltzmann models simulate solute transport in porous media traversed by conduits. Resulting solute breakthrough curves are fitted with Continuous Time Random Walk models. Porous media are simulated by damping flow inertia and, when the damping is large enough, a Darcy's Law solution instead of the Navier-Stokes solution normally provided by the lattice Boltzmann model is obtained. Anisotropic dispersion is incorporated using a direction- dependent relaxation time. Our particular interest is to simulate transport processes outside the applicability of the standard Advection-Dispersion Equation (ADE) including eddy mixing in conduits. The A D E fails to adequately fit any of these breakthrough curves. Keywords: porous media; solute transport; lattice Boltzmann; CTRW. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Anwar, S., Cortis, A. and Sukop, M.C. (2008) 'Lattice Boltzmann simulation of solute transport in heterogeneous porous media with conduits to estimate macroscopic continuous time random walk parameters', Progress in Computational Fluid Dynamics, Vol. 8, Nos. 1-4, pp.213-221. Biographical notes: Shadab Anwar is a PhD student in the Department of Earth Sciences at Florida International University. His research interests include environmental engineering applications of Lattice Boltzmann Methods-especially solute transport in complex porous media. Andrea Cortis is Geological Scientist in the Earth Sciences Division of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. His research interests include: transport of mass, momentum and energy in multiple-scale heterogeneous media; porous media upscaling theories; soft computing optimisation methods; deterministic fractal-multifractal data representation; nano-materials for groundwater remediation. Michael Sukop is Assistant Professor of Earth sciences at Florida International University where he conducts research on applications of Lattice Boltzmann Methods to Earth and environmental science.
Fabrication and Measurement of Sidewall Gratings Integrated in Hybrid As 2 S 3 -Ti:LiNbO 3 Optical Waveguides

In this paper, we demonstrated the fabrication and measurement of sidewall gratings integrated in a hybrid type of optical waveguide: As2S3-Ti:LiNbO3. This hybrid waveguide is constructed by patterning arsenic tri-sulfide (As2S3) strips on the midline of titanium-diffused channel waveguide in lithium niobate (Ti:LiNbO3). Sidewall gratings are written on both sidewalls of As2S3 strips by electron beam lithography (EBL) with 3% PMMA resist and a dose 350 μC/cm2 at 50-kV electrons. The measured reflectance bandwidth was between 2.4 and 6.7 nm. Coupling coefficients ranging from 2.5 to 8.9 mm−1 were obtained. A transmission peak with a 3-dB bandwidth of ∼0.25 nm was observed in the rejection band of a 432 μm-long phase-shifted sidewall grating. Such sidewall gratings integrated in hybrid As2S3-Ti:LiNbO3 waveguide can be used for numerous integrated optical devices including optical filters, switches, modulators, lasers, sensors, and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM).
Trajectories Research in Family Communication: Toward the Identification of Alternative Pathways for Inquiry

This essay concerns the state of research that identifies patterns of relationship change within familial contexts (i.e., trajectories). Overall, studies have produced interesting and practical information, and the trajectories are relatively consistent across studies. After reviewing the history and substance of this research, I advocate family communication scholars continue inquire in the area. Researchers should identify varied trajectories for processes (e.g., health-related decisions) and within yet unexplored family relationships (e.g., transnational families). Future studies that shift from identifying trajectories of familial relationships to identifying discourses of family time and change would enrich this area of research, as well. Specifically, Baxter's (2011) current iteration of relational dialectics theory, which focuses on identifying discourses in relationship talk, would take trajectories and family communication research in productive directions by including notions of history and cult...
Aging and visual processing: Declines in spatial not temporal integration

Age-related declines in vision are well documented in the literature. In the present study we examined whether changes in spatial or temporal integration contribute to this decline. Younger (mean age of 21) and older (mean age of 745) subjects were asked to identify 2D shapes based on kinetic occlusion information---the accretion and deletion of texture during motion. The results of the first experiment indicated age-related decrements in spatial but not temporal integration. In the second experiment we manipulated the lifetime of motion stimuli to more directly examine temporal integration. The results indicated no differential effect of age on temporal integration. The results considered together suggest age related changes in recovering 2D shape from occlusion are the result of spatial but not temporal integration. Age-related changes in neural inhibition and ACh for regulating spatial integration are proposed as possible mechanisms for this decline.
Interferometric technique for the concurrent determination of thermo-optic and thermal expansion coefficients

ABSTRACFAn interferometric technique is described that uses a Fabry-Perot type configuration to measure thecoefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and the thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) of transparent materialsconcurrently. A number of measurements of the CFE and dn/dT are made for both oxide and fluoride basedglasses. These measurements show that the technique is accurate, reproducible, and is very effective in determiningthe temperature dependence of both the thermo-optic and thermal expansion coefficients.1. INTRODUCFIONTwo of the most important material properties that determine the performance of a high energy laser (HEL)window are the thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CFE). This twoproperties determine the optical path distortion (OPD) of a window that is heated by laser fluences.13 The amountof thermal lensing can be approximated by,OPD =
Vasoactivity of arachidonic acid epoxides

Arachidonic acid (AA) can be metabolized to epoxides and their corresponding diols via the cytochrome P450 epoxygenase pathway. We have compared the vascular activity of four synthetically prepared epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, i.e. 5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12- and 14,15-EET (2-20 microM) on the isolated perfused rat tail artery. The 5,6-EET was equipotent with acetylcholine in dose dependently reducing vascular resistance (ED50 = 3.4 +/- 0.5 microM). The 8,9-, 11,12- and 14,15-EETs of AA did not affect vascular resistance; neither did the 5,6-DHET and delta-lactone, hydrolysis products of 5,6-epoxide. We suggest that the 5,6-epoxide, in contrast to other cytochrome P450-derived products, contributes to the regulation of regional vascular tone.
Chemiluminescent reactions of ozone with hydrogen sulphide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulphide and sulphur monoxide

Abstract The corrected visible and near UV spectra from the chemiluminescent reactions of O 3 and H 2 S, CH 3 SH, CH 3 SCH 3 , and SO at total pressures of 0.3 to 1 torr at room temperature are identical. The emitting species is excited SO 2 , possibly in the second excited singlet state if SO is not a common intermediate in these reactions.
Differential inputs as a determinant in the selection of a distributor of rewards

Perceived differences in the likelihood that others will allocate rewards equitably were investigated. Results indicated that Ss incorrectly perceived that individuals with inputs that were both the highest and most similar to their own would be the most equitable to them; instead, all distributors tended to allocate rewards equitably, regardless of their own inputs.
Oncology nurses and the experience of participation in an evidence-based practice project.

Purpose/objectives To illuminate the experiences of oncology nurses who participated in an evidence-based practice (EBP) project in an institution with an EBP organizational structure. Research approach A descriptive phenomenologic approach and in-depth interviews with each participant. Setting An oncology-focused academic medical center with an established organizational infrastructure for EBP. Participants 12 RNs working in an oncology setting who participated in an EBP project. Methodologic approach Descriptive, qualitative phenomenologic approach through use of interviews and analysis of interview text. Findings Four essential themes (i.e., support, challenges, evolution, and empowerment) and 11 subthemes emerged that reflected nurses' professional and personal growth, as well as the creation of a culture of EBP in the workplace. Conclusions The participants described the EBP project as a positive, empowering personal and professional evolutionary experience with supports and challenges that resulted in improvements in patient care. Interpretation To the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first qualitative study to demonstrate improved nursing outcomes (e.g., professional growth, improved nursing performance) and nurses' perception of improved patient outcomes (e.g., ongoing healthcare collaboration, evidence-based changes in practice).
African-American Fathers’ Perspectives on Their Children’s Health Education: A Qualitative, Exploratory Study

Purpose: To investigate African American fathers’ perceptions regarding the applicability and need for their involvement as a health connection for their children and describe how participating fathers’ behavior was affected by their attitudes, knowledge, and perceptions of their influence on their children’s health. Methods: This exploratory study gathered data via semi-structured focus groups (n=3) and thematically analyzed it utilizing a grounded theory approach. Participants included African American fathers (n=20) with a mean age of 37 years (SD 11.79), with at least one child between 6-18 years old. Results: Four major themes were revealed: (1) appropriate health education for participants’ children (should first and foremost be delivered by parents); (2) participants’ paternal health-related guidance approach (reactive, rather than proactive); (3) participants’ perceived influences on health-related communication with their children (gender roles, efficacy constraints); and (4) paternal definitions of health (most often associated with diet). Conclusion: Understanding African American fathers’ perceived and desired role in their children’s health edification can inform initiatives that actively engage these men, and nurture their level of involvement, to promote positive health behaviors among their children; this is necessary to realize their potential to actively improve the health of their children, families, and communities.
Foucault, biopolitics and the birth of neoliberalism

In his governmentality studies in the late 1970s Foucault held a course at the College de France on the major forms of neoliberalism, examining the three theoretical schools of German ordoliberalism, the Austrian school characterized by Hayek, and American neoliberalism in the form of the Chicago school. Among Foucault's great insights in his work on governmentality was the critical link he observed in liberalism between the governance of the self and government of the state—understood as the exercise of political sovereignty over a territory and its population. Liberal modes of governing are distinguished by the ways in which they utilize the capacities of free acting subjects and, consequently, modes of government differ according to the value and definition accorded the concept of freedom. This paper first briefly discusses Foucault's approach to governmentality, before detailing and analysing Foucault's account of German ordoliberalism, as a source for the ‘social market economy’, and the EU's ‘social...
FRACT—a FORTRAN subroutine to calculate the variables necessary to determine the fractal dimension of closed forms

Abstract The concept of the fractal dimension, or multifractal dimensions, may be useful in the analysis of many shapes of geologic interest. This paper consists of two parts. The first presents an approximation method by which the step length/perimeter values of closed forms can be determined more quickly than by using an exact method. The second is to show that the step length perimeter values are affected by the selection of starting point and search direction along a shape profile. Accordingly, a FORTRAN sub-routine (FRACT) is presented in which steps are taken to allow the fractal dimension to be rotation and reflection invariant.
Terawatt to Petawatt Subpicosecond Lasers

The application of the chirped-pulse amplification technique to solid-state lasers combined with the availability of broad-bandwidth materials has made possible the development of small-scale terawatt and now even petawatt (1000-terawatt) laser systems. The laser technology used to produce these intense pulses and examples of new phenomena resulting from the application of these systems to atomic and plasma physics are described.
Evolutionary trail of the mitochondrial genome as based on human 16S rDNA pseudogenes

In the course of studies on mutations in human mitochondrial (mt) DNA, we have uncovered and sequenced four new nuclear pseudogenes corresponding to bp 2457-2657 of the mt 16S rDNA. The four genes and their homologies with human mtDNA are E2 (62.4%), K10 (74.4%), E1 (84.6%) and LE6 (93.2%). When these five pseudogene sequences and another previously reported pseudogene sequence are compared with each other, they display what appears to be an ordered series of steps from a hypothetical common ancestor. The sequence of the hypothetical ancestor closely resembles that found in a wide variety of present-day mammalian mt genomes. The pseudogene sequences suggest an evolutionary trail of mt mutation dominated by base pair transitions punctuated by integration into the nuclear genome. Once integrated into the nuclear genome, the pseudogenes appear to follow the distinctive nuclear mutational pathway in which GC to AT transitions predominate and CpG sequences are preferentially eliminated.
Twelve-well culture plate for the efficient collection and culture of human oocytes and embryos.

Objective: Our goal was to assess a 12-well oocyte collection and embryo culture plate for use in the IVF laboratory.
Peracid-mediated n-oxidation and rearrangement of dimethylphosphoramides: plausible model for oxidative bioactivation of the carcinogen hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA)

Abstract Dimethylphosphoramides react with m -chloroperoxybenzoic acid (MCPBA) in anhydrous acetone to yield the previously unknown P -dimdethylamino-oxyphosphonous derivatives via N -oxidation and rearrangement. Further MCPBA oxidation yields formaldehyde and nitrosomethane, isolated as its trans -dimer. These reactions provide a possible biomimetic model for the metabolic activation of hexamethylphosphoramide as a mutagen and carcinogen.
Measuring the Effects of the Clean Air Act Amendments on Ambient PM 10 Concentrations: The Critical Importance of a Spatially Disaggregated Analysis

Abstract We examine the effects of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAAs) on ambient concentrations of PM 10 in the United States between 1990 and 2005. We find that non-attainment designation has no effect on the “average monitor” in non-attainment counties, after controlling for weather and socioeconomic characteristics at the county level. In sharp contrast, if we allow for heterogeneous treatment by type of monitor and county, we do find that the 1990 CAAAs produced substantial effects. Our best estimate suggests that PM 10 concentrations at monitors with concentrations above the national annual standard dropped by between 7 and 9 μ g / m 3 , which is roughly equivalent to a 11–14% drop. We also show that monitors which were in violation of the daily standard experience two fewer days in violation of the daily standard the following year. Empirical results suggest that this treatment effect is independent of whether the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has finalized the non-attainment designation.
Possible evidence for enrichment of trace elements in the hydrous manganese oxide phases of suspended matter from an urbanized embayment

Abstract Total and weak-acid-soluble trace elements in suspended matter from the Duwamish River and Elliott Bay were determined from samples collected in February and September 1980. The results indicate that Mn scavenging in the water column is coincident with enrichments of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb in the suspended matter, suggesting a possible enrichment of these trace elements in a hydrous Mn oxide phase. This process occurs primarily in the sub-surface waters of Elliott Bay. Since mass balance calculations show a net export of Mn out of the bay, this mechanism may be an important means of transporting toxic trace metals from polluted estuaries and embayments to cleaner coastal environments.
Left Ventricular Versus Biventricular for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Comparable But Not Equal

The primary mechanism of benefit associated with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is attributed to improvement in left ventricular (LV) function resulting from restoration of LV contractile synchrony.1,2 The vast majority of implanted CRT-capable devices are programmed to provide the therapy by simultaneous pacing of the right ventricle and LV (biventricular stimulation). This mode of CRT delivery has been the mode best tested in large-scale clinical trials that have demonstrated improvement in functional, anatomic, and event-driven outcomes.3–6 The reasons for the more thorough evaluation of biventricular stimulation compared with LV stimulation alone are largely practical in nature. Early studies of CRT systems were designed to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of CRT. Long-term transvenous epicardial LV stimulation was not an established therapy, and LV lead performance was unknown. Biventricular stimulation allowed backup pacing and sensing if the LV lead failed. Additionally, all bradycardia pacing and defibrillating lead timing and therapy delivery are determined by right ventricular lead–based sensing. These considerations necessitated the presence of a right ventricular lead in long-term studies of CRT. There was also the early short-term observation that short-term stimulation results in similar mechanical synchrony with …
Totally positive functions and totally bounded functions on U−1, 1e

Abstract A function ƒ on [−1, 1] is said to be totally positive if all its Lagrange interpolants are positive on [−1, 1]. It is said to be totally bounded if there is a uniform bound on all its Lagrange interpolants on [−1, 1]. These classes of functions are studied here.
Outcomes of related donor HLA-identical or HLA-haploidentical allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation for peripheral T cell lymphoma.

Abstract The role of allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation (alloBMT) for peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) remains to be defined. There is growing interest in reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens and/or utilization of human leukocyte antigen haploidentical (haplo) grafts given concerns about treatment-associated toxicities and donor availability. We reviewed the outcomes of 44 consecutive, related donor alloBMTs for PTCL performed at Johns Hopkins Hospital from 1994 to 2011, including 18 RIC/haplo alloBMTs. Patients receiving RIC (n = 24) were older, with median age of 59 years (range, 24 to 70), than patients receiving myeloablative conditioning (MAC, n = 20), with median age of 46 years (range, 18 to 64), P = .01. The median age at RIC/haplo alloBMT was 60 years. The estimated 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 40% (95% confidence interval [CI], 26% to 55%) and overall survival (OS) was 43% (95% CI, 28% to 59%). In older patients (≥60, n = 14), the estimated 2-year PFS and OS were 38% (95% CI, 18% to 79%) and 45% (95% CI, 24% to 86%), respectively. On unadjusted analysis, there was a tendency toward superior outcomes for alloBMT in first remission versus beyond first remission, with an estimated 2-year PFS of 53% (95% CI, 33% to 77%) versus 29% (95% CI, 9% to 45%), P = .08. On competing risk analysis, the 1-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 38% for MAC/HLA-identical alloBMTs and 34% for RIC/haplo alloBMTs. Estimated 1-year nonrelapse mortality was 10% for MAC and 8% for RIC (11% for RIC/haplo alloBMT). On unadjusted landmark analysis, patients with acute grade II-IV or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) had a 17% probability of relapse (95% CI, 0% to 39%), compared with 66% (95% CI, 48% to 84%) in patients without GVHD, P = .04. Utilization of RIC and alternative donors expands treatment options in PTCL to those who are older and unable to tolerate high-dose conditioning, with outcomes comparable with approaches using myeloablative regimens and HLA-matched donors. AlloBMT may be appropriate in first remission in select high-risk cases.
Late life transitions and social networks: The case of retirement

I use SHARE social networks data from 16 countries to examine retirement impacts on social networks. I extend the literature by using across-country differences in pension eligibility ages as instruments to show limited impacts of retirement on social network outcomes.
Hormonal and biochemical determinants of trabecular microstructure at the ultradistal radius in women and men.

Context: Using high-resolution three-dimensional peripheral quantitative computed tomography (3D-pQCT) imaging, we recently described sex and age effects on bone microstructure at the ultradistal radius in men and women. Although bone volume/tissue volume decreased with age in both sexes, changes in trabecular number (TbN) and thickness (TbTh) in men were complex, with evidence for conversion of thick trabeculae into more numerous, thinner trabeculae in young men. Objective: Our objective was to define the relationship between hormonal and bone turnover variables and trabecular microstructure at the ultradistal radius. Design, Setting, and Participants: We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study in the general community that included 205 women and 269 men, aged 21–97 yr. Main Outcome Measures: We measured correlation of bone volume/tissue volume, TbN, TbTh, and trabecular separation with hormonal and bone turnover variables. Results: In young men (20–39 yr), TbTh and TbN were associated with s...
Two-dimensional, combined-mode heat transfer by conduction, convection, and radiation in emitting, absorbing, and scattering media-solution by finite elements

Demonstration de la possibilite d'utiliser les elements finis standards de Galerkin pour l'analyse bidimensionnelle du transfert de chaleur par les trois modes dans un milieu emissif, absorbant et diffusant si le produit des nombres de Reynolds et de Prandtl est inferieur ou egal a 1000. Applications numeriques a des conduites divergente et convergente. Etude de l'influence sur le champ de temperatures des nombres de Reynolds et de Prandtl, de l'albedo et de l'epaisseur optique
Modulation of rat distal colonic brush-border membrane Na+-H+ exchange by dexamethasone: role of lipid fluidity

Earlier studies by our laboratory have suggested a relationship between an amiloride-sensitive Na+−H+ exchange process and the physical state of the lipids of rat colonic brush-border membrane vesicles. To further assess this possible relationship, a series of experiments were performed to examine the effect of dexamethasone administration (100 μg/100 g body wt. per day) subcutaneously for 4 days on Na+−H+ exchange, lipid composition and lipid fluidity of rat distal colonic brush-border membrane vesicles. The results of these studies demonstrate that dexamethasone treatment significantly: (1) increased the Vmax of the Na+−H+ exchange without altering the Km for sodium of this exchange process, utilizing the fluorescent pH-sensitive dye, acridine orange. 22Na flux experiments also demonstrated an increase in amiloride-sensitive proton-stimulated sodium influx across dexamethasone-treated brush-border membrane vesicles; (2) increased the lipid fluidity of treated-membrane vesicles compared to their control counterparts, as assessed by steady-state fluorescence polarization techniques using three different lipid-soluble fluorophores; and (3) increased the phospholipid content of treated-membrane vesicles thereby, decreasing the cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio of treated compared to control preparations. This data, therefore, demonstrates that dexamethasone administration can modulate amiloride-sensitive Na+−H+ exchange in rat colonic distal brush-border membrane vesicles. Moreover, it adds support to the contention that a direct relationship exists between Na+−H+ exchange activity and the physical state of the lipids of rat colonic apical plasma membranes.