cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Features from Complete Plant Reference

Voith Paper's proven technology and experience has made it today a future-oriented company providing the complete spectrum of technology. Since 1841, we have proven our competence to over 4000 customers worldwide. In the last six years alone, our engineers have planned 31 stock preparation plants, 24 paper machines and 13 complete plants. The constant exchange of experience between the worldwide Voith Paper Group companies ensures multiple synergy advantage.The experiences with the TwinDrum Pulper showed that for Graphic Papers the chemical consumption is much lower than with high consistency pulpers. For Board and Packaging one customer does not even have to use his disperger for some grades. The flake content after the Drum is as low as in other applications it is reached after hole screening. Ecomizer Cleaners with their new technology can now be placed before the flotation and save therefore money for wear parts. New ideas about screening have proven their reliability and helped to increase the runability of the Papermachine. The latest virgin fiber pulper and refiners have helped our customer to get the maximum out of their furnish.In China, Voith will start this year five new Papermachines (Huatai. Shandong Bohui, Jinfeng, Hengfeng, Mingfeng). All of them have chosen Voith as their main supplier for the total plant. Our service centres in Kunshan and Dongying, our technology managers and of course our staff at Voith Paper China RO in Shanghai are helping them for the entire life cycle of their plant.
Associations of race and other socioeconomic factors with post-hospitalization hospice care settings.

Objective : To examine patient characteristics post hospitalization between hospice home care and hospice care delivered in a medical facility. Design, Setting, and Participants : A total of 3,613 hospital discharges to either hospice delivered at home or in a medical facility. Data was from the 2010 Nevada Hospital Inpatient Data. Main Outcome Measures : Our dependent variable was home-based hospice care and medical facility-based hospice care. Our independent variables included race which was categorized as White, African American, Hispanic/ Latino, Asian/Pacific Islander, and other race/ethnicity. Socioeconomic factors were marital status and health insurance. Results : Hispanic patients were more likely to be discharged to home rather than a facility-based hospice (OR 1.39). Single patients and divorced patients were less likely to be discharged to a home-based hospice setting (OR .79, .67). Older patients were more likely to be discharged to a facility-based hospice (OR .91). The presence of anemia, paralysis, neurological disorders and weight loss were negatively associated with home discharge (OR 1.51). Patients with higher charges were less likely to be discharged to home (OR .96). Conclusions : Race, age, diagnosis and marital status influenced whether patients were discharged to home-based hospice or hospice delivered in a medical facility. These findings will assist hospice in anticipating which setting would be most appropriate for patients. Further research to determine whether patient preferences or characteristics determine hospice setting will be beneficial. ( Ethn Dis . 2014;24[2]:236–242)
Effects of bufalin on apoptosis of human colon cancer SW620 cell

Objective: To study the effect of bufalin on colon cancer cell and explore its mechanism.Methods: After colon cancer cell line SW620 was treated with different concentration of bufalin,MTT was performed to evaluate the growth of cancer cell,and the apoptosis were determined with caspase-3 activity and agarose gel electrophoresis,respectively,and i was exmined by Fura-2 fluorescin load assay. Results: Bufalin had a remarkable inhibiting effect on colon carcinoma cell line SW620.Anticancer effect of bufalin on SW620 might be correlated with apoptosis.There exhibited apoptosis manner in cancer cells treated with bufalin,i.e,caspase-3 activity increased and DNA laddered.i was significantly increased,especially at the initial stage of apoptosis.It was(288.56±8.46)nmol/L at 1 h,which was significantly higher than the control group(125.56±3.18) nmol/L(P0.01). Conclusion: Bufalin can inhibit human colon carcinoma cell line SW620.The induction of apoptosis would be a very important mechanism in the treatment of colon carcinoma.i play an important role in the process of apoptosis by bufalin of colon carcinoma cell.
Analysis on Crack Reason for Sootblowers Barrel of Power Station Boiler

The crack reason for sootblowers barrel of power station boiler was investigated by macro-observation,the testing of chemical composition,metallography structure,fracture morphology and mechanical properties.The results show that the original welding defect exists in the weld seam of sootblowers barrel root.The defects generates fatigue crack growth behavior when endure cyclic loading during shocking,which can contribute to the crack of the sootblowers barrel of power station boiler.
Analysis of ADR Reports from Community Health Service

Objective To discuss Fushun centre of adverse drug reaction (ADR) monitoring about community health service reported cases of ADR, study the ADR monitoring of community health service system in China. Methods The ADR reports collected from Fushun in 2006 was analyzed whidh reported by community health service. The analysis was based on the sex and age distribution of patients and drug use. Results People above 40 elderly occured ADR accounting for 60%. The constitution of antimi-crobial drugs and traditional Chinese Medicine adverse reactions was relatively high. New and serious adverse reactions made up 30%. Conclusion Fushun centre of ADR monitoring that reevaluating ADR reports was benefit for community health service, which provided reference and guided rational use of drug for the community healthcare.
Clinical study of Thoracoscopic surgery for minimally invasive treatment of primary mediastinal tumor

Objective To investigate the efficacy and the safety of Thoracoscopic surgery for minimally invasive treatment of primary mediastinal tumor. Methods 58 cases of primary mediastinal tumor were divided into the thoracoseopic group and the thoracotomy group.The thoracoseopic group(n=28) were treated with Thoracoscopic surgery for minimally invasive and the thoracotomy group(n=30) were treated with traditional open chest surgery.Incision length,operation time,intraoperative blood loss,tumor size,efficacy,hospitalization time,cases of using analgesic,drainage time,hospitalization expenses,postoperative complications between the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results The two groups had the same efficacy.For the thoracoseopic group,the operation time,incision length,intraoperative blood loss,hospitalization time and drainage time were less than those in the thoracotomy group(P0.01),but the tumor sizes were not statistically different between the two groups(P0.05).The thoracoseopic group's cases of using analgesic were also obviously lower than those of the thoracotomy group(P0.05).Their hospitalization expenses were a little more than the thoracotomy group,but the difference had no statistical significance(P0.05).The postoperative complication rates were statistically different between these two groups(P0.05). Conclusion Thoracoscopic surgery has the same efficacy as open chest surgery in treatment of primary mediastinal tumor.It is reliable little traumatic and turns out less bleeding,light pain,less complication.It is also an advanced and minimally invasive treatment.
DNA as a flame retardant additive for low-density polyethylene

Abstract Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was investigated as a flame retardant (FR) additive for melt-compounded formulations with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and compared to LDPE compounded with melamine polyphosphate (MPP), one of the industry standard intumescent FR additives for plastics. DNA showed a much greater compatibility with the LDPE matrix than MPP. At high loading levels, DNA showed minimal increases in compounding torque, while MPP increased torque by over 20%. Qualitative evaluation using SEM and EDS showed that DNA/LDPE blends had significantly improved cross-sectional morphology, with fewer microaggregates and improved particle dispersion than MPP/LDPE. Horizontal burn testing showed that DNA markedly reduced flame burn distances in LDPE above loading levels of 5% w/w. Biochemical characterization of heat-treated DNA revealed that DNA undergoes denaturation, fragmentation, and oxidation during compounding, but these processes did not appear to have an effect on its FR properties. This study expands the field of DNA-based FR beyond specialty substrates, and establishes DNA as a viable green FR additive for commodity polymer applications.
Robot-assisted partial cystectomy: perioperative outcomes and early oncological efficacy

Objective To report on patients undergoing robot-assisted partial cystectomy (RAPC), focusing on perioperative outcomes over a range of clinical, anatomical and pathological variables, as well as the overall oncological efficacy of this approach. Patients and Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent RAPC by a single surgeon between 2005 and 2015. We identified 29 patients who underwent surgery for definitive management of a primary bladder tumour. Clinicopathological data and perioperative variables were recorded. Continuous variables were compared using the Student's t-test. Prediction of perioperative outcomes for those undergoing RAPC for intra-diverticular neoplasms was done using univariate logistic regression. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results The median (interquartile range) patient age was 75 (65–81) years, 18 patients (62.1%) had an American Society of Anesthesiologists classification of ≥3, and 10 patients (34.5%) had a history of prior abdominal surgery. The median estimated blood loss (EBL) was 50 mL and the median length of stay (LOS) was 1 day. Two patients (6.9%) had a perioperative complication and five (17.9%) a post-discharge complication at ≤90 days, all of which were minor. The positive surgical margin rate was 3.6% and in those with muscle-invasive disease a median of 12 lymph nodes were removed. Neither the size of diverticulum nor the need for ureteric re-implantation was predictive of LOS, EBL, or complication (P > 0.05). We did not encounter any wound, port site, or unusual recurrence patterns to suggest the technical factors of a robotic approach influenced oncological outcomes. The 5-year overall and recurrence-free survival rates were 79% and 68%, respectively. Conclusion RAPC confers the ability to achieve favourable outcomes with low morbidity and reduced hospital stays. Oncological efficacy compares favourably with the published literature. For experienced surgeons, this may represent the optimal surgical approach for organ-preserving bladder surgery.
Expression of acid-base-related proteins in mesonephric kidney of the rabbit

The mesonephric kidney, precursor to the metanephric kidney, comprises 30-50 nephrons, each with a glomerulus and proximal, distal, and collecting tubules. Although two different cell types have been identified in the mesonephric collecting tubule, no relationship to cells of the metanephric collecting duct has been established. To characterize expression of some of the acid-base-related proteins, we assayed for carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity and performed immunocytochemistry in mesonephroi from 15- to 20-day-old fetal rabbits. From total RNA, we detected expression of CA II and CA IV mRNA. Microdissected proximal and collecting tubules abundantly expressed both CA II and CA IV, at least to the extent observed in mature metanephric proximal tubules and collecting ducts. Histochemistry confirmed the expression of CA activity in these segments; in the collecting tubule, 28% of the collecting tubule cells were CA rich. Most CA-rich cells showed apical H(+)-ATPase and basolateral band 3 anion exchanger staining consistent with the findings in mature H(+)-secreting (alpha) intercalated cells of the metanephric collecting duct. CA-negative cells could be labeled with an antibody that identifies mature metanephric principal cells. Thus the mesonephric collecting tubule has many cells resembling mature alpha-intercalated cells and a majority of cells resembling principal cells. The similarity to the metanephric collecting duct suggests that the lineages of metanephric alpha-intercalated and principal cells may be closely related to those of the mesonephros.
Informed decisions about protecting and promoting public health: rationale for a National Human Exposure Assessment Survey.

Accurate and reliable exposure-related information is essential for informed decisions about protecting and promoting public health. The need for more and better data on population exposures to environmental chemicals is discussed, with emphasis on the justification for collecting baseline data on exposure distributions for the general population and for important population subgroups. A rationale is provided for undertaking exposure surveillance in the U.S. population by means of a National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS). The knowledge and understanding generated by NHEXAS will contribute to more informed and more credible decisions in three ways: (1) by establishing a core set of approaches, methods, and data that will significantly advance the field of exposure analysis; (2) by developing a strong and direct connection between science (exposure research and surveillance) and policy (decisions about assessment, management, and communication of health risks); and (3) by creating a connected group of researchers and regulators who share a mutual appreciation and understanding of the value of exposure surveillance for well-reasoned decisions.
Fidelity to a behavioral intervention to improve goals of care decisions for nursing home residents with advanced dementia

Background/aims:Ensuring fidelity to a behavioral intervention implemented in nursing homes requires awareness of the unique considerations of this setting for research. The purpose of this article is to describe the goals of care cluster-randomized trial and the methods used to monitor and promote fidelity to a goals of care decision aid intervention delivered in nursing homes.Methods:The cluster randomized trial tested whether a decision aid for goals of care in advanced dementia could improve (1) the quality of communication and decision-making, (2) the quality of palliative care, and (3) the quality of dying for nursing home residents with advanced dementia. In 11 intervention nursing homes, family decision-makers for residents with advanced dementia received a two-component intervention: viewing a video decision aid about goals of care choices and then participating in a structured decision-making discussion with the nursing home care plan team, ideally within 3 months after the decision aid was view...
On determining mixed-mode traction–separation relations for interfaces

Traction–separation relations can be used to represent the adhesive interactions of a bimaterial interface during fracture. In this paper, a direct method is proposed to determine mixed-mode traction–separation relations based on a combination of global and local measurements including load-displacement, crack extension, crack tip opening displacement, and fracture resistance curves. Mixed-mode interfacial fracture experiments were conducted using the end loaded split (ELS) configuration for a silicon-epoxy interface, where the epoxy thickness was used to control the phase angle of the fracture mode-mix. Infra-red crack opening interferometry was used to measure the normal crack opening displacements, while both normal and shear components of the crack-tip opening displacements were obtained by digital image correlation. For the resistance curves, an approximate value of the J-integral was calculated based on a beam-on-elastic-foundation model that referenced the measured load-displacement data. A damage-based cohesive zone model with mixed-mode traction–separation relations was then adopted in finite element analyses, with the interfacial properties determined directly from the experiments. With the mode-I fracture toughness from a previous study, the model was used to predict mixed-mode fracture of the silicon/epoxy interfaces for phase angles ranging from $$-42^{\circ }$$ to $$0^{\circ }$$ . Results from experiments using ELS specimens with phase angles that differed from those employed in parameter extraction were used to validate the model. Additional measurements would be necessary to further extend the reach of the model to mode-II dominant conditions.
The Root Locus Method

The root locus method is arguably the most powerful tool in the design engineer’s toolbox to design a feedback control system that meets the design specifications. The significance of s s -plane roots for a system’s dynamic response was highlighted in Chapter 9 . The root locus method allows to determine the traces of the roots in the s s -plane as any one process parameter (for example the controller gain) is varied. Conversely, the root locus method allows to determine the specific value of a process parameter for a desired root location, and with it, for a desired dynamic response.
The Spatial NUI

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights that traditional GUI interaction models are flat, planar, and two-dimensional (2-D). One can use some two-and-a-half dimensional (2.5-D) techniques to make some objects look as if they have depth. In contrast, in a touch NUI interaction, models go beyond a simple plane to provide depth, encourage immersion, and make objects appear to have volume or take on real-world three-dimensional (3-D) behaviors so people can navigate spatially in all dimensions. The use of effective 3-D space can significantly enhance the experience with a NUI. Some of these benefits could also be present in GUI interfaces also if it was decided to use them. However, in addition to the fact that the use of 3-D space aids in finding documents for the NUI, they are even more significant. NUI systems make users comfortable by providing environments similar to the real world. This ability moves the NUI beyond the traditional desktop.
From Hit and Run to Invade and Stay: How Cyberterrorists Could Be Living Inside Your Systems

In recent years, there has been a distinct – and troubling – change in the tactics used by cybercriminals (criminals who have the technical skills to exploit weaknesses in digital technologies)and the cyber-elements (the terrorist organization members or those willing to work for them – for money or reasons or belief – who have the skills to exploit those same weaknesses) of terrorist organizations. They have gone from a hit-and-run mentality to one that stresses gaining and maintaining long-term access to the digital infrastructure of their enemies. These new tactics have worked, and worked well. But the tools of these cyber-invasions can be used in many ways. The same techniques that can gather intelligence can be used to prepare to disrupt or disable technology-based targets, ranging from factories to military communication systems. In this paper, we try to describe the evolution of the threat, and suggest ways to meet the challenges posed by the Advanced Persistent Threat scenario
Minimal bias in surveys of grassland birds from roadsides

ABSTRACT Edges, including roads, can have unintended deleterious impacts on wildlife. However, roads also present opportunities for replicable, and spatially and temporally consistent, wildlife monitoring. Assessing sources of variability associated with roadside-based surveys could improve the accuracy and extend the inferences of surveys, thus strengthening their applicability to management. We assessed roadside effects on abundance (λ) and detection probability (p) of high-priority grassland and shrubland songbirds in western Kentucky and Tennessee, USA. We delineated transects 300 m apart perpendicular to secondary roads and, along each transect, positioned point counts at 0 m, 300 m, and 600 m off the road. We surveyed 8 species: Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii), Prairie Warbler (Setophaga discolor), Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla), Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), Henslow's Sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii), Dickcissel (Spiza americana), and Eastern Mead...
Computer numerical control (CNC) lithography: light-motion synchronized UV-LED lithography for 3D microfabrication

This paper presents a computer-numerical-controlled ultraviolet light-emitting diode (CNC UV-LED) lithography scheme for three-dimensional (3D) microfabrication. The CNC lithography scheme utilizes sequential multi-angled UV light exposures along with a synchronized switchable UV light source to create arbitrary 3D light traces, which are transferred into the photosensitive resist. The system comprises a switchable, movable UV-LED array as a light source, a motorized tilt-rotational sample holder, and a computer-control unit. System operation is such that the tilt-rotational sample holder moves in a pre-programmed routine, and the UV-LED is illuminated only at desired positions of the sample holder during the desired time period, enabling the formation of complex 3D microstructures. This facilitates easy fabrication of complex 3D structures, which otherwise would have required multiple manual exposure steps as in the previous multidirectional 3D UV lithography approach. Since it is batch processed, processing time is far less than that of the 3D printing approach at the expense of some reduction in the degree of achievable 3D structure complexity. In order to produce uniform light intensity from the arrayed LED light source, the UV-LED array stage has been kept rotating during exposure. UV-LED 3D fabrication capability was demonstrated through a plurality of complex structures such as V-shaped micropillars, micropanels, a micro-'hi' structure, a micro-'cat's claw,' a micro-'horn,' a micro-'calla lily,' a micro-'cowboy's hat,' and a micro-'table napkin' array.
A new degradation mechanism of gate oxide reliability due to "extrinsic" responses of Qbd along rough "bird's-beak" frontline

The roughness of "bird's-beak" frontline prior to gate oxidation has been revealed for the first time to degrade gate oxide reliability in TDDB. This new mechanism identifies the "extrinsic" Q bd responses to electrical fields. The restorations of intrinsic Q bd have been realized by post-fabrication anneals or process improvement.
Neurobiology of Drugs of Abuse

Abstract Drug use for medical and for ritual and spiritual purposes dates back to prehistoric times. This chapter will center on the abuse of psychoactive drugs that act on the central nervous system (CNS) to temper mood, consciousness, and demeanor so that the user feels joyful, alert, and euphoric. Repetitive use of these drugs elicits adaptive changes in the CNS. As a result, many of the psychoactive drugs are used and abused despite the risk of harmful consequences such as addiction, dependence, craving, tolerance, and withdrawal.
Losing Ground: A Clarion Call for Farm Bill Reform to Ensure a Food Secure Future

Soil and water are inextricably related, a fragile and complex system upon which agriculture and, in turn, our species, depend. Yet we tend to regard this relationship and its criticality in the singular dimension of drought, hindering progress in policy and law to improve agricultural sustainability. Without necessary policy reforms designed to protect the delicate balance between soil health, water conservation, and agricultural yield, we are foreclosing a food secure future for our nation. America’s agriculture and farm policy, as embodied in the Farm Bill, has devastated natural resources and, thereby, nature. Single resource advocacy and land management, such as water or soil conservation, fails to address this systems-based challenge, which is inextricably tied to the farm bill safety net. American agriculture, as defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (“USDA”), commands the majority of the land mass of the lower forty-eight states. Agriculture is, by far, the biggest consumer of fresh water, all while hemorrhaging top soil and draining wetlands, creating a vicious cycle perpetuating heavy commercial inputs. In order to address the system of resource misuse we reinforce through law and policy, we must first understand the pressures and policies that shape the American food and agriculture system. Then, we must renegotiate society’s benefits and priorities afforded to the agricultural sector with policy changes at the nexus of water, soil, and safety net. This rebalancing is absolutely critical if we have any hope of fostering resilient food and agriculture systems in the face of climate change, population growth, and scarce natural resources.Given its pervasive environmental harm, American agriculture is one of the last horizons of environmental law. The point of this article is not to vilify agricultural producers, but to leverage society’s renewed interest in food to create a clear-eyed dialogue regarding how to address these harms while ensuring food security for the nation and economic security for those who produce our food. One of the pillars of this dialogue must be a hard look at the so-called farm safety net and its relationship to our national policy regarding environmental stewardship and agriculture: the conservation title (“Title II”) of the Farm Bill. Unfamiliar to most environmental advocates, the conservation title is a suite of federal programs implemented by the USDA, providing billions of dollars in federal funds to agricultural producers to improve conservation outcomes on agricultural lands. In other words, the American taxpayer largely shoulders the burden of environmental measures on private “working” lands. This Article argues that in order to provide for a food secure future, we must renegotiate the Farm Bill’s safety net so that it works in concert with conservation policies by supporting production that is both economically and environmentally sustainable.
Combined Experimental and Computational Study on the Unimolecular Decomposition of JP-8 Jet Fuel Surrogates. I. n-Decane (n-C10H22)

Exploiting a high temperature chemical reactor, we explored the pyrolysis of helium-seeded n-decane as a surrogate of the n-alkane fraction of Jet Propellant-8 (JP-8) over a temperature range of 1100–1600 K at a pressure of 600 Torr. The nascent products were identified in situ in a supersonic molecular beam via single photon vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization coupled with a mass spectroscopic analysis of the ions in a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ReTOF). Our studies probe, for the first time, the initial reaction products formed in the decomposition of n-decane—including radicals and thermally labile closed-shell species effectively excluding mass growth processes. The present study identified 18 products: molecular hydrogen (H2), C2 to C7 1-alkenes [ethylene (C2H4) to 1-heptene (C7H14)], C1–C3 radicals [methyl (CH3), vinyl (C2H3), ethyl (C2H5), propargyl (C3H3), allyl (C3H5)], small C1–C3 hydrocarbons [methane (CH4), acetylene (C2H2), allene (C3H4), methylacetylene (C3H4)], along w...
Robot Control as a System Control Problem

Abstract Robot arm control is a mechanical system control problem rather than a problem of controlling single actuators of a robot arm. Using principles and techniques of differential geometric system and control theory, a new dynamic system feedback technique is presented referenced to task space commands. In this task-driven dynamic control scheme the nonlinear robot arm system is feedback linearized and simultaneously output decoupled by an appropriate nonlinear feedback and a nonlinear coordinate transformation. The new dynamic control technique actually transforms robot arm control problems from the joint space to the task space and performs robot servoing in terms of task space variables within a linear system frame, allowing also the use of powerful techniques of optimal control of linear systems. On the joint space level, the new dynamic control scheme only commands drive forces or torques or their equivalent quantities addressed to the joint drives. An important property of the new dynamic control technique is that the planned and commanded task space trajectory together with its time derivatives directly drives the robot arm through a linear system model. A method is briefly presented for task space motion planning matching the requirements of the new dynamic control scheme. It requires that the planned motion be presented to the controller as an input in form of a closed function of time. The implications of the new dynamic control technique are discussed for second and third order model robot arms with and without force feedback measurements and for two (or more) dynamically cooperating robot arms using distinguished and indistinguished modeling for multiple cooperating arms. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of a suggested computing architecture for implementing the new dynamic control technique together with the corresponding planning procedures.
Higher Cortical Functions

What is a higher cortical function? As one examines the abilities of a human, one is struck by our ability to use tools and create wonderful buildings or works of art. But our ability to communicate by speaking and writing and reading we believe is the best example of a higher cortical function. These centers that are responsible for language are primarily in the dominant hemisphere. The motor type of aphasia (Broca’s area) originates from the inferior frontal gyrus, while the sensory type of aphasia originates in the superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke’s area).
Efficient parallel streaming algorithms for large-scale inverse problems

Large-scale inverse problems and uncertainty quantification (UQ), i.e., quantifying uncertainties in complex mathematical models and their large-scale computational implementations, is one of the outstanding challenges in computational science and will be a driver for the acquisition of future supercomputers. These methods generate significant amounts of simulation data that is used by other parts of the computation in a complex fashion, requiring either large inmemory storage and/or redundant computations. We present a streaming algorithm for such computation that achieves high performance without requiring additional in-memory storage or additional computations. By reducing the memory footprint of the application we are able to achieve a significant speedup (∼3×) by operating in a more favorable region of the strong scaling curve.
Data heterogeneity, characterization, and integration in the context of autonomous vehicles

Data is pervasive in autonomous vehicles and in this paper we provide a context to understand its nature, its characterization, and how it can be integrated into a complete autonomous vehicle system. The context is used to characterize data generated from the perception system and to discuss critical issues that arise in the development and implementation of complex autonomous systems such as those featuring the SAE levels 4 and 5 of vehicle driving automation.
Requirements Engineering in the Information Assurance Domain: The Common Criteria Evaluation Process

The Common Criteria (CC) is an international standard (ISO/IEC 15408) and the de-facto criteria to evaluate information technology (IT) product security. The CC documents provide a complete methodology, notation, and syntax to specify security requirements. The core CC is a set of three documents: Part 1, Part 2, and Part 3.
Homeless People with Alcohol Problems

Although Jimmy may not typify all homeless alcoholics in cities in the United States, his case serves to illustrate how drinking and alcohol abuse play major roles in the personal problems of the homeless. In fact, research studies over the past 50 years estimate the prevalence of alcoholism as somewhere from 20 percent to as high as 50 percent. For example, recent studies conducted in Boston (Garrett and Schutt, 1989), Denver (Atencio, 1982), New York (Barrow and Lovell, 1982), and Oregon (Multnomah County Social Services Division, 1984) estimate that from 30 percent to 50 percent of the homeless have a problem with alcohol abuse or alcoholism. Figures based on similar studies in Ohio (Roth and Bean, 1986), Baltimore (Fischer and Breakey, 1987), Milwaukee (Rosnow, Shaw, Concord, Tucker and Palmer, 1985), Phoenix (Brown, MacFarlane, Paredes, and Stark, 1982), and Los Angeles (Ropers and Robertson, 1984) estimate the prevalence somewhat lower at 20 percent to 30 percent.
The American Pluralist Conception of Politics

During the past two decades, roughly from 1960 to 1980, the major political institutions of this country have exhibited increasing signs of disintegration, even of collapse. The presidency is unable to generate sustained leadership and, as a result, retreats fitfully to the more secure role of manager of the executive branch and, from that redoubt, issues tired pronouncements and promises about making government more efficient and less expensive. The Congress, which has always been plagued by fragmentation, is now almost completely reduced to a feudal system in which powerful (and usually senior) senators and congressmen play the role of liege lords, and surrounded by retainers and servants in the form of staff experts (who, of course, often exercise considerable influence over their masters), they develop relations of influence and favor with lesser congressional lords, with various strategically placed bureaucratic agencies, and with the emissaries of powerful economic and social groups. Congress is not so much a “branch” of government as a honeycomb in which the maze of power and influence produces circularity rather than direction or purpose, except to manufacture honey. In the eyes of the public—as virtually every opinion poll has demonstrated—this elected branch has little credibility and less respect, even though, in constitutional theory, it is supposed to stand closest to the people. The executive branch, or administration, has grown so cumbersome and distended that the marvel is that it functions at all. It governs the society on a daily basis, which has come to mean bureaucratic regulation and bureaucratic benefit.
Early Acclimation Response in Grapes (VITIS)

Acclimation in response to a decreasing daylength prior to the onset of low temperatures can be critical to the winter survival and productivity of many woody plants. This is particularly true for temperate fruit crops such as grapes. Grapes are native to the northern hemisphere, however they have a very large production range extending from the subtropics to 50 N and S latitude. Acclimation and freezing tolerance characteristics of this high value crop are very important as many production regions incur damaging freezes in fall, winter or spring. Typically production regions are recommended on the basis of the midwinter low temperatures; however, in many North American growing areas, injury during unseasonable low temperatures in the fall when the canes are maturing and acclimating can be as damaging as low midwinter temperatures (Bordelon et al., 1997, Clore et al., 1974, Seyedbagheri and Esmaeil, 1994). Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the onset of acclimation and freezing tolerance in grapes is needed to improve cultivar selection and cultural practices to minimize losses due to freezing injury.
2002 Fusion Summer Study Executive Summary

The 2002 Fusion Summer Study was conducted July 8–19, 2002, in Snowmass, CO, and carried out a critical assessment of major next steps in the fusion energy sciences program in both magnetic fusion energy (MFE) and inertial fusion energy (IFE). The conclusions of this study were based on analysis led by over 60 conveners working with hundreds of members of the fusion energy sciences community extending over eight months. This effort culminated in two weeks of intense discussion by over 250 U.S. and 30 foreign fusion physicists and engineers present at the 2002 Fusion Summer Study. This is the Executive Summary of the study report. Details are posted at http://web.gat.com/snowmass
Abstract 1753: Lower Procedural Success and Higher Complications in Octogenarians with STEMI Referred for Emergency Cardiac Catheterization: Results from the American College of Cardiology - National Cardiovascular Data Registry (ACC-NCDR®)

Background : Primary PCI has become the treatment of choice for patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but the effectiveness of implementing a strategy of emergency catheterization and primary PCI in octogenarians is not known. We hypothesized that older patients would have more severe coronary disease, lower procedural success, and higher rates of procedural complications that might ultimately reduce the effectiveness of this strategy. Methods: We identified all STEMI patients in the ACC National Cardiovascular Data Registry Cath/PCI registry who underwent emergency catheterization in 2005. Patients transferred from another hospital, with prior CABG, or who received fibrinolytic therapy were excluded. We examined characteristics and presenting cardiac status, and compared coronary anatomy, rates of primary PCI, procedural complications, and in-hospital outcomes of patients ≥ 80 years with patients aged Results: Of the 19,229 patients eligible for analysis, 1,904 (10.0%) were ≥ 80. Octogenarians were more likely than younger patients to present with heart failure or cardiogenic shock and have left main or 3 vessel disease (all P Conclusions: In this unselected cohort of STEMI patients referred for emergency catheterization, octogenarians were less likely to have anatomy amenable to PCI, less likely to achieve TIMI 3 flow, and at higher risk of procedural complications. These factors contribute to the higher in-hospital mortality and highlight the need for additional studies to determine the benefits of primary PCI in this vulnerable population.
Human–animal interactions: a social work guide

‘Social workers are likely to work with individuals and families with companion animals … yet there is little in the social work literature that identifies what social workers are doing in this are...
Hydrogen evolution from water reactions with molybdenum sulfide cluster anions

Abstract A study of reactions between a distribution of 98 Mo x S y - clusters ranging from sub-sulfide (x ∼ y) to hypersulfide (y > 2x) is presented, compared with previous studies on homologous Mo x O z - clusters, and analyzed with supporting computational studies of the reaction free energy pathways, giving insights into the molecular scale interactions involved in the electro- or photocatalytically driven hydrogen evolution reaction. First, reactions between Mo x S y - clusters with water are approximately an order of magnitude slower than reactions between oxides with water, an effect attributed to longer-range repulsion between the cluster anions and water. However, sequential oxidation of the Mo x S y - clusters, which generates oxosulfides and H2, is observed for several species. Evidence of oxidation of several hypersulfides with H2 evolution is also observed, indicating that oxidation of S2 groups is also possible. Based on the computational results on several of the bimetallic species, oxidation of the subsulfide Mo 2 S 2 − and Mo 2 S 3 − clusters is barrierless, while oxidation of the nascent Mo 2 S 2 O - cluster formed by oxidation of Mo2S2− is low-barrier. The stoichiometric Mo 2 S 4 - + H2O free energy path is predicted to have a modest barrier to the dissociative addition of water, which is consistent with the experimental observation of both oxidation (with H2 production) and water addition reactions. Calculations on the reaction free energy pathways of the oxosulfide species suggest that the formation of two dihydroxide groups, rather than a thiol and hydroxide group, is favored. Oxidation of the oxides is more thermodynamically favored than oxidation of sulfide analogs.
RADVis: A Software Tool for the Visual Investigation of Raw Accelerometry Data

The authors employed MATLAB to develop the Raw Accelerometry Data Visualization (RADVis) tool for the examination of the raw accelerometry data collected with GENEActiv and ActiGraph devices. The graphical user interface provided enables efficient exploration of the acceleration signals without advanced computational skills. RADVis allows plotting of the tri-axial data, vector magnitude, and statistical summaries of the subsets of up to two different signals. Visual comparisons between the zoomed-in fragments of the signals are enabled via the drop-down menus and user-selected zoom-in parameters. In this technical note, we demonstrate the utility of RADVis on sample data collected during a pilot study of walking and car driving.
Simulating Hemiparetic Gait in Healthy Subjects Using TPAD With a Closed-Loop Controller

Hemiparetic gait is abnormal asymmetric walking, often observed among patients with cerebral palsy or stroke. One of the major features of asymmetric gait is excessive reliance on the healthy leg, which results in improper load shift, slow walking speed, higher metabolic cost, and weakness of the unused leg. Hence, clinically it is desirable to promote gait symmetry to improve walking. While there are no clear methods to achieve this goal, we are exploring new methods where we guide the pelvis to change the gait symmetry. This controller is designed to mimic the hands of a physical therapist holding the pelvis and guiding it to promote the usage of both legs during walking. In this paper, we show that the essence of this method can be demonstrated by promoting asymmetry in the gait of healthy subjects when walking with the device. The results showed that their kinematics and kinetics changed asymmetrically during the intervention. Subjects demonstrated asymmetric lateral ground reaction force to compensate for the lateral forces applied on the pelvis. Muscle activities increased on the targeted leg show the forced use of the leg which can be used for rehabilitation of patients with an asymmetric gait.
Dispersion-Engineered Guided-Wave Resonators in Anisotropic Single-Crystal Substrates—Part II: Numerical and Experimental Characterization

In this part of the paper, the numerical and experimental verification of the analytical design procedure is presented. Various waveguide-based test vehicles, implemented in single-crystal silicon and transduced by thin aluminum nitride films, are demonstrated. Silicon resonators with type-I and type-II dispersion characteristics are presented to experimentally verify the analytical mode synthesis technique for realization of high-quality-factor silicon guided wave resonators.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the liver.

Abstract A 59-yr-old man was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of right upper quadrant pain, anorexia, weight loss, and low-grade fever of 2- mo duration. During his evaluation, an abnormal liver ultrasound and computed tomography scan demonstrated what proved to be an avascular hepatic lesion. At surgery, the diagnosis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma was established. We present herein our findings of what we believe to be the first reported study of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the liver.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Dihydroindans by Convergent Alkoxide‐Directed Metallacycle‐Mediated Bond Formation.

Depending on the substitution pattern, the reaction of internal alkynes with 4-hydroxy-1,6-enynes can lead to the products of alkene—alkyne coupling, alkyne—alkyne coupling or [2 + 2 + 2] annulation.
Abstract 4203: Race and triple-negative breast cancer survival: A population-based study

Tripe-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by lacking the expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and thereby has poor prognosis. A higher incidence of TNBC in Black women than in White women has been well documented. However, it remains uncertain if there are racial differences in TNBC outcomes. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results dataset, we identified 23,077 women diagnosed with non-metastatic invasive TNBC, including 5,839 non-Hispanic Blacks and 17,238 non-Hispanic Whites, between 2010 and 2015. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate relative risks (RRs) of breast cancer-specific death. During a median follow-up of 29 months, 2,494 cases died from breast cancer. The racial difference in estimated 5-year breast cancer-specific survival was 6.8% for younger ( Citation Format: Ying Liu, Min Lian, Graham A. Colditz. Race and triple-negative breast cancer survival: A population-based study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4203.
Investigation on the small signal characteristic based on the LLC hybrid hysteretic charge control

In this paper, an analytical small-signal model applied for hybrid hysteretic charge (HHC) control has been proposed and analyzed with the advantages over direct frequency control (DFC). Based on the approach of extended describing function method and average concept, for the first time, the systematical analytical open loop transfer functions from control to output, input to output, output impedance and the closed transfer functions of the overall loop, audio susceptibility and output impedance are proposed and verified through simulation. Additionally, some important physical insights have been extracted, analyzed and verified. Finally, the experiments on a design example of 12 VDC&12 A output power are conducted and verified. It shows that the calculations match well with the results from both the simulation and experiment, which reveals the proposed analytical transfer functions are very useful for the practical power design to achieve good prediction result.
Midlife Adults’ Daily Support to Children and Parents: Implications for Diurnal Cortisol:

Objectives: We examined whether providing daily support to generations above and below has a differential impact on midlife adults' diurnal cortisol. Method: Midlife adults (N = 151) from the Family Exchanges Study Wave 2 reported daily practical support, emotional support, and advice to adult children and aging parents and collected saliva samples four times a day for 4 days. Results: Midlife adults experienced steeper cortisol awakening responses and steeper declines in cortisol (favorable cortisol functioning) on days when they provided support to children. Yet, they experienced higher overall cortisol levels (unfavorable cortisol functioning) on days when they provided support to aging parents. Discussion: Providing daily support to children may be rewarding to midlife adults, but support to parents may be associated with physiological stress. Findings advance understanding of midlife adults' helping behaviors to multiple generations and carry implications for older adults' well-being by encouraging effective support strategies.
Considering the Dynamics of FDA Human Factors ValidationRequirement: Implications of Failure and Need to Ensure ProjectSuccess - A Conceptual Framework:

Recognizing the role of human factors engineering (HFE) in the development of medical devices and combination products that involve devices, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) now requires huma...
Probabilistic Reasoning in Context: Socio-Cultural Differences in Children's and Adults' Predictions about the Fulfillment of Prayers and Wishes.

ABSTRACTChildren and adults appreciate that physical action is typically the conduit between individuals’ desires and the fulfillment of those desires. However, certain forms of petitionary thought...