cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A functional analysis of danger and safety signals in anxiety disorders

Research in experimental psychopathology indicates that predictability and controllability of threatening events mediate the development, maintenance, and modification of anxiety disorders. We propose that a more thorough analysis of predictability and controllability requires the explication of danger and safety, and those events that provide such signal functions. Although most research is concerned with the identification of signals that predict danger, relatively little attention has been given to the identification of signals that predict safety. The current manuscript outlines the functional analysis of both danger and safety signals as they relate to the various disorders of anxiety. Consideration of pharmacological treatments suggests that the modification of danger and safety signals may function only as incidental features of the intervention. The potential advantages of cognitive-behavioral interventions that maximize treatment-specific self-control of signal functions are discussed.
Visual search of mammographic images : Influence of lesion subtlety

Rationale and Objectives The goal of this study is to determine whether mammographic lesion subtlety influences the detection accuracy and visual search parameters of radiologists. Materials and Methods Six radiologists searched a set of 20 mammograms with at least two lesions per image (masses and/or microcalcifications). Eye position was recorded. False-negative (FN) and true-positive (TP) decisions were correlated with lesion subtlety and visual search parameters of time to first hit, total dwell time, and number of return fixations. Results Lesions with lower subtlety ratings were detected later in the search than more obvious ones (FN later than TP decisions). When subtler lesions were detected (TP), dwell time was longer than for more obvious lesions, but FN decisions received shorter total dwell. Subtler lesions, when detected (TP), received more total fixation clusters than more obvious ones, but FN decisions received fewer. Conclusion Subtle mammographic lesions are associated with significantly different visual search parameters than obvious lesions, explaining in part why they are missed more often. Developing tools to improve lesion visibility may improve detection.
Landau's inequalities for tournament scores and a short proof of a theorem on transitive sub-tournaments

Ao and Hanson, and Guiduli, Gyarfas, Thomasse and Weidl independently, proved the following result: For any tournament score sequence S = (s1, s2,…,sn) with s1≤s2 ≤ … ≤ sn, there exists a tournament T on vertex set {1,2, …, n} such that the score of each vertex i is si and the sub-tournaments of T on both the even and the odd indexed vertices are transitive in the given order; that is, i dominates j whenever i > j and i a j (mod 2). In this note, we give a much shorter proof of the result. In the course of doing so, we show that the score sequence of a tournament satisfies a set of inequalities which are individually stronger than the well-known set of inequalities of Landau, but collectively the two sets of inequalities are equivalent. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 38: 244254, 2001
Fine-root mass, growth and nitrogen content for six tropical tree species

Although fine roots might account for 50% of the annual net primary productivity in moist tropical forests, there are relatively few studies of fine-root dynamics in this biome. We examined fine-root distributions, mass, growth and tissue N and C concentrations for six tree species established in 16-year-old plantations in the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica in a randomized-block design (n = 4). The study included five native species (Hyeronima alchorneoides, Pentaclethra macroloba, Virola koschnyi, Vochysia ferruginea and Vochysia guatemalensis) and one exotic (Pinus patula). Under all species >60% of the total fine-root mass to 1 m deep was located in the uppermost 15 cm of the soil. Fine-root live biomass and necromass (i.e., the mass of dead fine-roots) varied significantly among species but only within the uppermost 15 cm, with biomass values ranging from 182 g m−2 in Pinus to 433 g m−2 in Hyeronima plots, and necromass ranging from 48 g m−2 in Pinus to 183 g m−2 in Virola plots. Root growth, measured using ingrowth cores, differed significantly among species, ranging from 304 g m−2 year−1 in Pinus to 1,308 g m−2 year−1 in Hyeronima. These growth rates were one to five times those reported for moist temperate areas. Turnover rates of fine-root biomass ranged from 1.6 to 3.0 year−1 in Virola and Hyeronima plots, respectively. Fine-root biomass was significantly and positively correlated with fine-root growth (r = 0.79, P < 0.0001), but did not correlate with fine-root turnover (r = 0.10, P = 0.20), suggesting that fine-root accumulation is a function of growth rate rather than mortality. Fine-root longevity was not correlated (r = 0.20, P = 0.34) and growth was negatively correlated with root N concentration across species (r = −0.78, P < 0.0001), contrary to reported trends for leaves, perhaps because N was relatively abundant at this site.
Modeling of a micellar/polymer process

Le procede micelle/polymere est concu pour produire des huiles residuelles piegees par des forces capillaires. Un modele d'ecoulement a etat non stable a ete formule. Ce modele est hautement implicite, multidimensionnel, multicomposant, multiphase
Ion Beam Lithography for Nano-scale Pattern Features

With the expected availability of new tools for creating patterned ion beams, containing few-nanometer features, it is important to examine the fidelity of registering such patterns in the receiving medium, such as a photoresist layer in a lithographic fabrication process. In this paper, we report experiments exploring the characteristics of ion beam patterning of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) coatings on silicon substrates, with respect to their response as positive / negative resists to patterned low-energy H+, He+ and Ne+ beams. We examine by AFM the feature profiles thus created after solvent development of the polymer layers, and we examine the dependence of the polymer response upon ion species and fluence. Edge resolution iU20 nm is readily obtained, and broad process windows are identified in fluence ranges around 1013 ions/cm2. Proximity effects are shown to be negligible, except after exposure at very high ion fluences. Granularity within the final pattern features is shown to be a potential concern for high energy, light ion irradiations. Optimization of edge resolution is clearly possible, by appropriate selection of ion species, energy and fluence to suit the receiving medium.
Quality involves everyone: how Paul Revere discovered “quality has value”

In 1983 the Paul Revere insurance company had fallen from its position as market leader, an occurrence which acted as catalyst for the “quality‐has‐value” programme. Describes the company’s quality process, the phases through which staff go before attaining the “right attitude” and the whole process of implementation. Although the company has now regained its position of market leader, the “quality‐has‐value” programme continues.
Correlation and coherence in semiconductors

Abstract We review recent advances, both experimental and theoretical, that have furthered our understanding of many-body effects in laser excited semiconductors and their heterostructures. They manifest themselves in two classes of phenomena. The first are observed in the coherently driven electron–hole pair system generated during and immediately after laser excitation before dissipation is turned on. The second are the effects electron–phonon and electron–electron scattering that drive the non-Markovian behavior of relaxation processes seen following laser excitation.
Development of a test system to evaluate procedures for decontamination of respirators containing viral droplets.

The aim of this study was to develop a test system to evaluate the effectiveness of procedures for decontamination of respirators contaminated with viral droplets. MS2 coliphage was used as a surrogate for pathogenic viruses. A viral droplet test system was constructed, and the size distribution of viral droplets loaded directly onto respirators was characterized using an aerodynamic particle sizer. The sizes ranged from 0.5 to 15 μm, and the sizes of the majority of the droplets were the range from 0.74 to 3.5 μm. The results also showed that the droplet test system generated similar droplet concentrations (particle counts) at different respirator locations. The test system was validated by studying the relative efficiencies of decontamination of sodium hypochlorite (bleach) and UV irradiation with droplets containing MS2 virus on filtering facepiece respirators. It was hypothesized that more potent decontamination treatments would result in corresponding larger decreases in the number of viable viruses recovered from the respirators. Sodium hypochlorite doses of 2.75 to 5.50 mg/liter with a 10-min decontamination period resulted in approximately 3- to 4-log reductions in the level of MS2 coliphage. When higher sodium hypochlorite doses (≥8.25 mg/liter) were used with the same contact time that was used for the dilute solutions containing 2.75 to 5.50 mg/liter, all MS2 was inactivated. For UV decontamination at a wavelength of 254 nm, an approximately 3-log reduction in the level of MS2 virus was achieved with dose of 4.32 J/cm 2 (3 h of contact time with a UV intensity of 0.4 mW/cm 2 ), while with higher doses of UV irradiation (≥7.20 J/cm 2 ; UV intensity, 0.4 mW/cm 2 ; contact times, ≥5 h), all MS2 was inactivated. These findings may lead to development of a standard method to test decontamination of respirators challenged by viral droplets.
Real work in the 16‐19 curriculum: AVCE business and Young Enterprise

It is considered that work related learning involves learning through work; learning about work; and learning for work. This paper examines the importance of work related learning for business students in the 16‐19 curriculum and how this can be integrated into an Advanced Vocational Certificate of Education (AVCE) business programme via the Young Enterprise (YE) scheme. It presents findings from a small research study, which indicates that YE can enhance learning about business within a realistic scenario. YE can be integrated into an AVCE programme in business and can effectively achieve a number of the aims of such programmes. It concludes that virtual reality work within the curriculum is possible. In this respect, such a model provides a challenge for the way vocational business courses are delivered.
The Four-Box Method of Problem Specification and Analogy Evaluation in Biologically Inspired Design

The process of biologically inspired design is fundamentally analogical; given a design problem, the process retrieves potentially multiple biological analogues as potential sources of inspiration. The selection of a specific analogue for idea generation naturally has a strong influence on the final design. But what makes one biological analogue better than another for a given design problem? In the context of a classroom on biologically inspired design, we found that interdisciplinary design teams often struggle with this question. In this paper, we describe a Four-Box method that identifies function, operating environment, constraints, and performance criteria as dimensions for matching biological analogues with the design problem. We also present some initial results from a classroom implementation of the Four-Box method of analogy evaluation: The results suggest that the student designers found the Four-Box method both useful and usable.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Significance of including field non-uniformities such as the heel effect and beam scatter in the determination of the skin dose distribution during interventional fluoroscopic procedures

The current version of the real-time skin-dose-tracking system (DTS) we have developed assumes the exposure is contained within the collimated beam and is uniform except for inverse-square variation. This study investigates the significance of factors that contribute to beam non-uniformity such as the heel effect and backscatter from the patient to areas of the skin inside and outside the collimated beam. Dose-calibrated Gafchromic film (XR-RV3, ISP) was placed in the beam in the plane of the patient table at a position 15 cm tube-side of isocenter on a Toshiba Infinix C-Arm system. Separate exposures were made with the film in contact with a block of 20-cm solid water providing backscatter and with the film suspended in air without backscatter, both with and without the table in the beam. The film was scanned to obtain dose profiles and comparison of the profiles for the various conditions allowed a determination of field non-uniformity and backscatter contribution. With the solid-water phantom and with the collimator opened completely for the 20-cm mode, the dose profile decreased by about 40% on the anode side of the field. Backscatter falloff at the beam edge was about 10% from the center and extra-beam backscatter decreased slowly with distance from the field, being about 3% of the beam maximum at 6 cm from the edge. Determination of the magnitude of these factors will allow them to be included in the skin-dose-distribution calculation and should provide a more accurate determination of peak-skin dose for the DTS.
Monte Carlo methods in radiative transfer and electron-beam processing

Monte Carlo methods (MCMs) are the most versatile approaches in solving the integro-differential equations. They are statistical in nature and can be easily adapted for simulation of the propagation of ensembles of quantum particles within absorbing, emitting, and scattering media. In this paper, we use MCM for the solution of the Boltzmann transport equation, which is the governing equation for both radiative transfer and electron-beam processing. We briefly outline the methodology for the solution of MCMs, and discuss the similarities and differences between the two different application areas. The focus of this paper is primarily on the treatment of different scattering phase functions.
Enhanced oxidative stress in the skin of vitamin E deficient mice exposed to semisynthetic metal working fluids.

Metal working fluids (MWFs) are widely used in industry for metal cutting, drilling, shaping, lubricating, and milling. Many occupational health concerns have arisen for workers exposed to MWFs. It has been reported earlier that occupational exposure to MWFs causes allergic and irritant contact dermatitis. Previously, we have shown that dermal exposure of female and male B6C3F1 mice to 5% MWFs for 3 months resulted in accumulation of mast cells and elevation of histamine in the skin. Topical exposure to MWFs also resulted in elevated oxidative stress in the liver of both sexes and the testes in males. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether preexisting oxidative stress in the skin exacerbated mast cell influx after MWFs treatment. Oxidative stress in the skin of B6C3F1 mice was generated by dietary vitamin E deprivation. Mice were given vitamin E deficient (5-10 i.v./kg of vitamin E) or basal (50 i.v./kg of vitamin E) diets for 34 weeks. Topical treatment with MWFs (100 microl, 30%) started after 18 weeks of alimentary vitamin E deprivation. Histology of the skin after 16 weeks of exposure to MWFs revealed a 53% increase in mast cell accumulation in vitamin E deficient diets compared to mice given a vitamin E sufficient diet. Total antioxidant reserve in skin of vitamin E deprived mice treated with MWFs was decreased by 66% as compared to those mice given a vitamin E sufficient diet. GSH and protein thiols in the dermis of vitamin E deprived mice exposed to MWFs were also decreased 39 and 42%, respectively, as compared to mice given basal diet. This study clearly delineates the role of oxidative stress in enhancing mast cell accumulation caused by topical exposure to MWFs.
Applicant preferences for Web-based versus traditional job postings

The purpose of the current study was to assess the extent to which applicants preferred Web-based job postings to traditional paper-based materials. An integration of the traditional recruitment literature as well as the burgeoning literature related to the use of computer technology led to the development of two primary study hypotheses. First, applicants were expected to prefer Web-based job postings to more traditional paper postings. Second, applicants were expected to prefer jobs posted on Web pages of higher quality to those posted on pages of lower quality. Data collected from 92 undergraduate students provided support for the second hypothesis. Contrary to the first hypothesis, however, paper postings were preferred to those in a Web-based format. A discussion of the implications of these findings is presented along with recommendations for future research in the area.
Cross-species correspondence of spatial contrast sensitivity functions

Spatial contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs) have been obtained for at least 9 species, including man. In the present paper, the shapes and octave band widths of these functions are compared. For most species, the shape of the CSF was an inverted-U, and the full width at half amplitude of the CSFs varied less than one octave. These similarities suggest that there is a close correspondence of the CSFs of these diverse animals; the major difference is the location of each CSF in the spatial frequency domain.
Binding of proteins to copolymers of varying hydrophobicity.

Hydrophobic interactions between proteins and amphiphilic polyelectrolytes were studied by frontal analysis continuous capillary electrophoresis (Gao et al., Analytical Chemistry, 1997, Vol. 69, pp. 2945–2951). Binding isotherms were obtained for β-lactoglobulin and for bovine serum albumin interacting with a series of alternating copolymers of maleic acid and alkyl-vinyl ethers of varying hydrophobicity. Although binding between proteins and copolymers increases with increasing alkyl chain length, a minimum alkyl chain length of 3–4 methylenes is required for significant hydrophobic interactions to occur. These copolymers, like other polyamphiphiles, can form intrapolymer micelles, and the extent of such micellization decreases with increasing degree of carboxylate ionization. Binding results obtained at different pHs suggest that competition exists between intrapolymer micelle formation and protein–polymer hydrophobic interactions. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 49: 185–193, 1999
Sorption of Basic Dyes by Expanded Dispersions of Nomex (DUP) Aromatic Polyamide (Aramid)

Aqueous expanded dispersions of an exemplary aromatic polyamide are rapidly dyed at room temperature. Sorption isotherms have been obtained for several basic dyes and for o–nitroaniline. ‘Overdyeing’ is observed at both pH extremes and at high ionic strength. The results are in qualitive agreement with the Donnan theory as generalised by McGregor and Harris. This work supports the view that the ‘difficulty’ in dyeing commercial Nomex Aramid is of kinetic origin.
Hemoglobin is an effective inducer of hyphal differentiation in Candida albicans

Hemoglobin is an abundant protein in the host vascular compartment and a source of iron, heme, and amino acids for many pathogens. The human fungal pathogen Candida albicans uses hemoglobin as an iron source as well as a signaling molecule to alter gene expression and induce adhesion to several extracellular matrix proteins. We now report that hemoglobin can promote true hyphal morphogenesis. Hemoglobin added to yeast cells at 37°C rapidly induced expression of the hypha-specific genes HWP1 and ECE1 coincident with the pattern of hyphal development. A synthetic medium buffered with phosphate at pH 7.2 and containing physiological glucose (5 mM) and low ammonium ion (0.1 mM) was optimal for the response to hemoglobin. High glucose (110 mM), high ammonium ion (20 mM), and 0.1 mM glutamine were all inhibitory. Heme, free globin, or immobilized hemoglobin could not replicate the activity of hemoglobin to induce germ tubes or hypha-specific gene expression at 37°C under optimized conditions. This implicates th...
IDEOLOGICAL TRENDS AMONG SOUTHERN U.S. DEMOCRATIC SENATORS Race, Generation, and Political Climate

Southern Democrats in the U.S. Congress have been characterized as an aberrant bloc within the Democratic party. Their conservative ideological propensities have even led them to coalesce with Republicans on many occasions to form the Conservative Coalition. In recent years, however, southern Democrats have become an increasingly liberal group, thereby more closely approximating the stance of the national Democratic party. This article examines not only this recent trend, but also the ideological transformations of southern Democrats since World War II. From 1947 through 1968, the persistent decline in liberalism appears to have been driven by period effects, while the increasingly moderate voting records of southern Democratic senators from the mid-1960s through 1983 seem to have been sparked by cohort and period effects. At no time during the post-World War II era, however, have votes on racial policy had a decisive bearing on the ideological posture of this region's U.S. Senate members.
Intractable Self-Fulfilling Prophecies Fifty Years After Brown v. Board of Education.

The civil rights struggle for equal educational opportunity has yet to be achieved at the start of the 21st century. Inequality persists but problem and remedy are refrained from integrating schools, to ensuring equal access in resegregated settings, to closing the performance gap. As seen through ecological theory (R. S. Weinstein, 2002b), complex, multilayered, and interactive negative self-fulfilling prophecies create or perpetuate educational inequities and unequal outcomes. Society has failed to grapple with its entrenched roots in the achievement culture of schools. If this insidious dynamic is to be changed, an educational system that sorts for differentiated pathways must be replaced with one that develops the talents of all. Psychology has a critical role to play in promoting a new understanding of malleable human capabilities and optimal conditions for their nurturance in schooling.
Generalized Optimal Response Time Retrieval of Replicated Data from Storage Arrays

Declustering techniques reduce query response times through parallel I/O by distributing data among parallel disks. Recently, replication-based approaches were proposed to further reduce the response time. Efficient retrieval of replicated data from multiple disks is a challenging problem. Existing retrieval techniques are designed for storage arrays with identical disks, having no initial load or network delay. In this article, we consider the generalized retrieval problem of replicated data where the disks in the system might be heterogeneous, the disks may have initial load, and the storage arrays might be located on different sites. We first formulate the generalized retrieval problem using a Linear Programming (LP) model and solve it with mixed integer programming techniques. Next, the generalized retrieval problem is formulated as a more efficient maximum flow problem. We prove that the retrieval schedule returned by the maximum flow technique yields the optimal response time and this result matches the LP solution. We also propose a low-complexity online algorithm for the generalized retrieval problem by not guaranteeing the optimality of the result. Performance of proposed and state of the art retrieval strategies are investigated using various replication schemes, query types, query loads, disk specifications, network delays, and initial loads.
Edited Collection Provides a Cacophony of Voices that Harmonize in the End

Lavigne, David M., editor. 2006. Gaining ground: in pursuit of ecological sustainability. International Fund for Animal Welfare, Guelph, Canada and University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland. xiv + 425 p. $60.00, ISBN: 0-9698171-7-7.
Superior temporal gyrus volumes in pediatric generalized anxiety disorder.

Abstract Background: The essential symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are intrusive worry about everyday life circumstances and social competence, and associated autonomic hyperarousal. The amygdala, a brain region involved in fear and fear-related behaviors in animals, and its projections to the superior temporal gyrus (STG), thalamus, and to the prefrontal cortex are thought to comprise the neural basis of our abilities to interpret social behaviors. Larger amygdala volumes were previously reported in pediatric GAD; however, the brain regions involved in social intelligence were not examined in this pilot study. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure the STG, thalamus, and prefrontal volumes in 13 medically healthy child and adolescent subjects with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and 98 comparison subjects, who were at low familial risk for mood and psychotic disorders. Groups were similar in age, gender, height, weight, handedness, socioeconomic status, and full-scale IQ. Results: The total, white matter, and gray matter STG volumes were significantly larger in GAD subjects compared with control subjects. Thalamus and prefrontal lobe volumes did not differ between groups. Findings of significant side-by-diagnosis interactions for STG and STG white matter volumes suggest that there is a more pronounced right > left asymmetry in total and STG white matter volumes in pediatric GAD subjects compared with control subjects. A significant correlation between the STG white matter percent asymmetry index with the child report of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders Scale was seen. Conclusions: These data agree with previous work implicating posterior right-hemispheric regions in anxiety disorders and may suggest developmental alterations in pediatric GAD.
A mixed formulation of nonlinear-elastic problems

Abstract The objective of this work is to present a systematic development of mixed finite element models within the context of nonlinear material models. The framework for this effort is the Hu-Washizu functional, due to the relative ease with which it incorporates nonlinear material laws. The functional is subjected to constraints on the spaces of admissible distributions of the assumed stress and strain fields, added to the classical form of the Hu-Washizu functional by the use of Lagrangian multipliers. As a result, the spaces of admissible assumed stress and strain fields are limited to those which satisfy internal constraints pointwise (e.g., incompressibility). In addition, the sensitivity to mesh distortion observed in classical finite element models is greatly reduced. Four-node plane strain elements are presented as an illustration of the proposed formulation. The excellent performance of these elements is illustrated in a number of numerical examples.
Hydrogen Sulfide and Nonmethane Hydrocarbon Emissions from Broiler Houses in the Southeastern United States

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) emissions from two mechanically ventilated commercial broiler houses located in the southeastern United States were continuously monitored over 12 flocks for a one-year period during 2006-2007 as a joint effort between Iowa State University and the University of Kentucky. H2S and NMHC concentrations were measured using UV-Fluorescence H2S analyzers and methane/nonmethane/total hydrocarbon dual flame ionization detector gas chromatographs. Ventilation rates in each house were measured continuously by monitoring building static pressure and operational status of all ventilation fans in conjunction with individual performance curves developed and verified in situ using a Fan Assessment Numeration System (FANS) unit. United States EPA methods TO-15 and TO-17 were used for the nonmethane hydrocarbon compound speciation. The top-25 compounds are presented. The overall mean H2S and NMHC emission rates for a one-year period were 65.7 ± 42 g/d-house and 0.76 ± 0.43 kg C3H8/d-house, respectively. Annual H2S emission for the two broiler houses (including downtime emissions) averaged 19.2 kg per year per house or 0.147 g per bird marketed when the birds were marketed at 52 days of age with a stocking density of 11.8 bird per m2 (1.1 bird per ft2). Annual NMHC emission averaged 231 kg per year per house (510 lb per year per house) or 1.77 g per bird marketed.
Big shocks versus small shocks in a dynamic stochastic economy with many interacting agents

Abstract This paper investigates the conditions under which a dynamic, stochastic macroeconomic model with many interacting agents will exhibit the ‘small shocks, large shocks’ property that is often said to characterize observed time series: small shocks have a transient impact on the system, whereas a sufficiently large shock will change its trajectory forever. An example is analyzed where the steady state distribution of output has a unique mode if the variance of labor productivity is sufficiently high; but has two modes, each with its own basin of attraction, if the variance falls below a critical value. An unanticipated exogenous shock can have a long lasting impact if it moves the economy into the basin of attraction of a different output mode. A general result is derived showing that the invariant measure of output can have multiple modes if each firm's probability of producing increases appropriately as the number of other firms producing rises.
IMPACT OF POST-EJACULATORY PAIN IN MEN WITH CATEGORY III CHRONIC PROSTATITIS/CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN SYNDROME

Purpose Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CPPS) is a common debilitating condition in which ejaculation relieves symptoms for some but exacerbates them in others. We studied ejaculatory pain in a cohort with CPPS to investigate associations with symptoms, quality of life and risk factors. Materials and methods The 486 men in the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Cohort study were stratified into 4 subgroups according to the presence of ejaculatory pain at baseline visit and at each of 3 monthly followup contacts. Subgroups were based on answers and labeled NO (always "no"), Nvar ("no" at baseline but "yes" or missing at least once), Yvar ("yes" at baseline but "no" or missing at least once) and YES (always "yes"). Demographic and quality of life data were obtained at baseline, together with medical and sexual history, symptoms, and cultures and microscopy of urine and seminal fluids. Associations among selected baseline risk factors, symptoms and post-ejaculatory pain were analyzed. Results Overall 128 men were classified as NO, 106 as Nvar, 137 as Yvar and 115 as YES. There was a progressive increase in baseline National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index total score (modified to exclude post-ejaculatory pain) from 18.5 for the NO subgroup to 25.5 for the YES subgroup (p Conclusions Patients with CPPS and persistent ejaculatory pain have more severe symptoms, are less likely to improve with time, and have differences in demographic and sexual history compared to other patients with CPPS.
Comment on: “Effects of including the counterrotating term and virtual photons on the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of a scalar photon collective emission theory” [Phys. Lett. A 372 (2008) 2514]

In a recent Letter [R. Friedberg, J.T. Manassah, Phys. Lett. A 372 (2008) 2514] Friedberg and Manassah argue that effect of virtual photons has serious consequences for large atomic samples. Here we show that such effect is negligible for evolution of a uniformly excited atomic state prepared by absorption of a single photon.
Resonance based pressure measurement and anemometry for high temperature flows: Design principles and preliminary results

This paper introduces design and measurement principles underlying resonance-based pressure measurement and anemometry, emphasizing application to high temperature, optically opaque flows. Due to typically extreme conditions, associated high resolution anemometries have not been developed. The method described incorporates a novel dual-cantilever PZT-driven touch sensor, suitable for single- and dual-point pressure measurements. The principal of operation takes advantage of the fact that pressure-induced forces on each cantilever produce resonant frequency shifts which can be correlated with the unknown pressure(s). Design, development, and preliminary testing of the integrally important dual-cantilever touch sensor is described as are design considerations specific to high temperature applications. Experimental results demonstrate that high-accuracy single-point pressure measurements can be readily obtained. In contrast, simultaneous two-point measurements will require experimental determination of two-dimensional calibration surfaces. Two pressure measurement schemes are outlined; in the first, pressure is correlated with resonant frequency shifts at constant phase while in the second, pressure is related to phase shifts at constant frequency. The paper's objectives are to introduce resonance-based pressure and velocity measurement and to provide design and measurement guidelines which can be applied in the further development of these methods.
‘He Spoke and It Was’: Human Language, Divine Creation and the Imago Dei

AbstractThis study examines the triangle linking biblical creation, anthropology, and human language. It takes as its point of departure the notion that language is an important part of the image of God in which humanity was created (Gottebenbildlichkeit). Since most of creation is accomplished through God’s spoken word (see Gen 1 and also John 1), the human ability to speak and communicate abstract concepts appears to be an echo of the divine and distinguishes humans from the rest of creation. The paper traces some of the highlights marking the important role of language within the context of human history, including the fall and the divine plan of redemption, thus linking the theological categories of anthropology and soteriology.
Surgical Correction of Innominate and Brachiocephalic Vein Occlusion from Radiation Therapy and Multiple Indwelling Portacatheters A Case Report

Radiation-induced arteriopathy is more commonly encountered than venopathy. Total upper extremity venous tributaries' occlusion to the superior vena cava is extremely uncommon. This communication describes a simplified surgical management to enhance upper extremity venous return to the superior vena cava to resolve the incapacitating arm swelling and introduces the concept of a direct arteriovenous graft to a nonexpansive polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft to create a nonprogressive fistula requiring no future ligation and providing the Venturi effect. The direct arteriovenous fistula in central venous bypass has been proven efficacious and durable in previous studies.
A decrease in complement is associated with increased renal and hematologic activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective To determine the degree to which changes in C3 and C4 precede or coincide with changes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) activity, as measured by 5 global activity indices, the physician's global assessment (PGA), modified SLE Disease Activity Index (M-SLEDAI), modified Lupus Activity Index (M-LAI), Systemic Lupus Activity Measure (SLAM), and the modified British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (M-BILAG), and to evaluate the association between changes in C3 and C4 levels and SLE activity in individual organ systems. Methods Fifty-three lupus patients were observed monthly for 1 year in a longitudinal study. Lupus disease activity and complement levels were measured at each visit. Lupus flare was defined as a 1.0 (or greater) increase in the PGA, a 3-point increase in the M-SLEDAI, a 0.1 increase in the M-LAI, a 3-point increase in the SLAM, or a 4-point increase in the M-BILAG within a 1-month period. Flare rates were calculated for subgroups defined by previous (1 month before) or concurrent changes in complement levels. Logistic regression models were used to determine the significance of the association between recent changes in complement levels and flare, controlling for prednisone dosage. Similar models were used to assess the association between changes in C3 or C4 levels and increased SLE activity in specific organ systems. Results Lupus flares occurred at 12% of visits based on the PGA, 19% based on the M-SLEDAI, 25% based on the M-LAI, 13% based on the SLAM, and 12% based on the M-BILAG. Recent changes in C3 and C4 levels were not associated with flares based on 3 of the 5 activity indices. Flares defined by the M-LAI were more frequent when there was a concurrent decrease in C3 (odds ratio [OR] 1.9, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.1–3.1) or C4 (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3–3.6). Higher flare rates, as defined by the SLAM, were associated with previous increases in C3 (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0–2.6) and C4 (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–3.9). When individual organ systems were analyzed, decreases in C3 and C4 were associated with a concurrent increase in renal disease activity (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4–3.5 and OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.4, respectively). Decreases in C3 were also associated with concurrent decreases in the hematocrit (OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.7–12.3), platelet (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.5–4.1), and white blood cell (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3–3.6) counts. Previous increases in C3 levels were associated with a decrease in platelets (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.7). A decrease in C4 was associated with a concurrent decrease in the hematocrit level (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.3–7.5) and platelet count (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0–2.5). Conclusion Decreases in complement levels were not consistently associated with SLE flares, as defined by global measures of disease activity. However, decreasing complement was associated with a concurrent increase in renal and hematologic SLE activity.
Multiphasic growth models and the evolution of prolonged growth exemplified by human brain evolution.

New models for multiphasic growth are presented. They are illustrated by analysis of brain growth in humans and chimpanzees, and the results are used to test the hypothesis of evolution by proportional growth prolongation: that all descendant growth phases are extended by the same factor while each remains at the ancestral growth rate. The results are consistent with the hypothesis and imply that gross brain weight increase towards humans required change in only one growth parameter: prolongation of the nonlinear ancestral growth phases. The restricted and orderly nature of the developmental changes hints at a basis in few genetic changes. Proportional growth prolongation is of general evolutionary importance because it can reorganize body proportions.
Glutamate neurotoxicity and Huntington's chorea.

MCGEER and McGeer1 recently reported that an intrastriatal injection of glutamate results in biochemical changes in brain similar to those associated with Huntington's chorea. They postulated that glutamate, a putative excitatory transmitter and an ‘excitotoxin’ abundantly present in brain may have a role in the pathophysiology of Huntington's chorea. Their evidence for this postulate must be considered very preliminary, however, as the biochemical changes induced by a 50 nmol dose of glutamate were not striking and it was not determined whether these changes were accompanied by neuronal degeneration1. We have, injected various doses of glutamate directly into the rat striatum and examined the striatum for histopathological changes 21 d later. Here we report that doses of glutamate much higher than 50 nmol definitely cause striatal neurones to degenerate, whereas no neurotoxic reaction results from injecting equally high doses of control compounds such as NaCl or γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
HIGH-PERFORMANCE WORK SYSTEMS, DYNAMIC WORKFORCE ALIGNMENT, AND FIRM PERFORMANCE.

This article examines the correlation between high-performance work systems, firm performance, and dynamic workforce alignment. The author argues that workforce alignment is a significant mediating...
Perils of power prediction in early power-integrity analysis

Early power integrity and peak power analyses for multi-million gate system on chip (SoC) in advanced technology nodes pose significant methodology definition and implementation challenges. Typically in a SoC, processors and other high performance IPs are dominant contributors to peak power and power integrity issues. To get an early look ahead of potential power integrity issues and to estimate peak di/dt issues in the SoC, it is always desired to analyze potential issues early and address before a silicon failure. This paper presents an overview of implementation challenges faced in RTL based power for predictive power analysis and analyzing peak di/dt issues ahead of time in the context of TI C66x DSP core based multicore SoC.
Privacy Informatics: A Primer on Defensive Tactics for a Society under Siege

What the world needs now is a new field of study: privacy informatics. This emerging field will fill the information-awareness gap between a trusting citizenry and the emerging digital dystopia.
Addressing Multiple Relationships Between Clients and Therapists in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Communities.

Therapists working in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communities are likely to experience the potential to engage in multiple relationships with their clients. Currently, the American Psychological Association's (2002) ethics code and the related literature base offer minimal direct guidance to therapists practicing in LGBT communities. In this article, the authors review current literature regarding multiple relationships in psychotherapy, considering how this literature addresses issues specific to practitioners working within LGBT communities, present a case study highlighting the negotiation of a multiple relationship between a client and therapist who both identify as lesbian, and offer recommendations for practitioners working within LGBT communities.
Internet-based instruction of the principles of base rate and prediction: A demonstration project

An Internet-based instructional module was developed using Netscape 2.0 as the graphical interface. The content concerned Bayesian probabilities and expected outcomes associated with the use of urine drug screens. JavaScript enabled interactive calculations of outcome probabilities given a selected set of parameters, and AppleScript and Claris Filemaker Pro monitored and recorded student activity and progress. The module was initially used in an undergraduate class on alcohol and drugs and subsequently evaluated on a sample of undergraduates. Student response was favorable, and student learning assessed by performance on an exam was good. Students who described themselves as not computer literate did not particularly enjoy the experience, although they performed as well as others on the test. The success of this demonstration project has led to more ambitious implementations, particularly those that monitor student activities and provide intelligent feedback.
Ovarian teratomas associated with the insertion of an imprinted transgene

Ovarian teratomas are tumors that arise from female germ cells and are often a mixture of immature embryonal carcinoma cells and mature embryonic cells. Tissues derived from all three primary embryonic lineages (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) are typically found in the mature elements of a teratoma. In the case of the transgenic mouse line TG.KD, created with an imprinted transgene construct, malignant ovarian teratomas of a mixed germ cell tumor morphology occur in 15–20% of hemizygous female carriers of the transgene. The tumors frequently metastasize and can result in death of the mouse. Genetic analysis indicates that the tumors are associated with the transgene’s integration site. Inbred FVB/N and female mice of other transgenic lines, also created in the inbred FVB/N strain with the same DNA construct as TG.KD, do not develop teratomas. In addition to teratomas, the integration of the transgene on Chromosome (Chr) 8 is associated with a perinatal lethality in homozygous transgenic carriers. The hemizygous genotypes of the teratomas suggest that they arise from early germ cells, prior to the completion of meiosis I.
Effects of industrial tomato paste processing on ascorbic acid, flavonoids and carotenoids and their stability over one-year storage.

BACKGROUND: The effects of industrial tomato paste processing and long-term (12 months) ambient storage on the content and stability of quercetin, kaempferol, ascorbic acid (AA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), β-carotene and lycopene were evaluated in a commercially produced tomato paste. RESULTS: The initial thermal treatment (hot break; 93 °C for 5 min) resulted in significant reductions in quercetin (54%), kaempferol (61%), AA (63%) and β-carotene (30%), whereas subsequent processing steps (e.g. evaporation and sterilization) did not result in marked changes in these compounds. Lycopene was stable during hot break but decreased by 20% through evaporation and sterilization. The ratio of DHAA:vitamin C increased during hot break to 23%, whereas the ratio of DHAA:vitamin C remained relatively low in subsequent processing steps, indicating that AA was not oxidized. AA decreased with prolonged storage, with only 13% remaining at 12 months. The carotenoids and quercetin remained stable through 12 months of ambient storage. CONCLUSIONS: Tomato pomace contained significant amounts of carotenoids and flavonoids, indicating that it may be an underutilized processing byproduct. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Ongoing cell death and immune influences on regeneration in the vestibular sensory organs

Hair cells in the vestibular organs of birds have a relatively short life span. Mature hair cells appear to die spontaneously and are then quickly replaced by new hair cells that arise from the division of epithelial supporting cells. A similar regenerative mechanism also results in hair cell replacement after ototoxic damage. The cellular basis of hair cell turnover in the avian ear is not understood. We are investigating the signaling pathways that lead to hair cell death and the relationship between ongoing cell death and cell production. In addition, work from our lab and others has demonstrated that the avian inner ear contains a resident population of macrophages and that enhanced numbers of macrophages are recruited to sites of hair cells lesions. Those observations suggest that macrophages and their secretory products (cytokines) may be involved in hair cell regeneration. Consistent with that suggestion, we have found that treatment with the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone reduces regenerative cell proliferation in the avian ear, and that certain macrophage-secreted cytokines can influence the proliferation of vestibular supporting cells and the survival of statoacoustic neurons. Those results suggest a role for the immune system in the process of sensory regeneration in the inner ear.
The employment disadvantage of being a smoker.

Three studies were done to examine the effects of being a tobacco smoker on employment prospects. In Study 1, thirty-two subjects reviewed application forms and rated four applicants as prospective employees. The subjects rated the nonsmoker version of the job applicants significantly more highly for hiring. In Study 2, forty-four subjects stated whether they preferred to hire smokers or nonsmokers and estimated the preference of employers generally. Those who stated a personal preference gave their reasons. Seven personal reasons for preferring a nonsmoker were mentioned by at least two subjects. The reasons ranged from dislike of tobacco smoke to concern about smokers taking more sick leave. In Study 3, which involved forty-six subjects, degree of endorsement of the attitudes underlying four of the seven preference reasons were found to be associated with degree of preference for nonsmokers. The results of the three studies provide potentially useful information for job applicants and for individuals wh...