cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Information-Dependent Acquisition on a Tandem Quadrupole TOF vs a Triple Quadrupole Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer for Broad-Spectrum Drug Screening

Background: Liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) with untargeted data collection is especially attractive for general unknown drug screening owing to its ability to identify unexpected compounds. LC-HRMS offers several advantages over traditional selected reaction monitoring (SRM) techniques and could be an ideal screening platform as long as its analytical performance is comparable to that of SRM-based methods. Methods: We developed a broad-spectrum drug screen on a high-resolution mass spectrometer [tandem quadrupole time-of-flight (QqTOF)] that collected data in an untargeted manner and compared its performance to a nominal mass instrument [triple quadrupole linear ion trap (QqLIT)] that collected data in a targeted manner. Both methods used information-dependent acquisition of product ion spectra. We evaluated the lower limits of detection and matrix effects for each method and compared their ability to identify drugs in 100 routine clinical urine samples. Additional information (patient prescription history, drug screening results, etc.) was used to confirm discordant results. Results: QqLIT was slightly more analytically sensitive than QqTOF; however, this difference did not significantly affect compound identification in patient samples. QqLIT identified 596 drugs in the urine samples, of which 531 (89%) were confirmed. QqTOF identified 515 drugs, of which 500 (97%) were confirmed. There were 562 instances of a confirmed drug (68 unique drugs) in the 100 urine samples; the methods were concordant in 469 of these instances. Conclusions: Overall, QqTOF performed similarly to QqLIT and could serve as an alternative method for general unknown screening.
Symposia/Panel Discussions

When presenters review the call for presentation proposals from different organizations, they typically have choices about the type of session they prefer to make. These sessions vary, not only in the length of time allocated but also with respect to the purpose. Each type of conference session at each venue has to be understood in order to maximize a prospective presenter’s success at that meeting. This chapter provide guidance in the major types of conference presentations: workshops/professional development, roundtables, posters, papers, symposia/panel discussions, distance/virtual presentations, and keynote addresses or other invited sessions.
A New Rome on the Potomac

As we saw in Chapter 2, there is great value to be had from thinking of empires and hegemons as occupying two ends of a continuum designed to differentiate types of global dominance. At the classical imperial end of the continuum stand empires (like Rome or tsarist Russia) that directly control huge landmasses in ways that privilege the metropolitan center over the rest of the imperial holdings, that exercise direct and effective sovereignty over other political societies far removed in space from their own, and that do so for their own immediate benefit and not for that of the societies they dominate. At the hegemonic end of the continuum stand polities whose global reach can be equally extensive, but whose degree of direct control over other political societies is negligible. Hegemonic dominance rests in the capacity to indirectly influence those societies in ways that benefit the hegemonic center and on the capacity to exercise that influence on a regular and a substantial basis. And between the two polar positions on the imperial continuum stand empires that exercise both direct and indirect control: direct control over colonies or settler communities abroad and indirect control through a system of alliances, economic relationships, and cultural networks. The questions for us now, as they were at the end of Chapter 2, are where the United States stands on that continuum, and the degree to which that position leaves the United States vulnerable to what we have just enumerated as structural tendencies endemic to empires.
Feasibility of the Participatory Experience Survey and the Setting Affordances Survey for use in evaluation of programmes serving youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Background Participation by youth with disabilities in recreational activities has been shown to promote the development of important skills needed for transition to adulthood. The Participatory Experience Survey (PES) and the Setting Affordances Survey (SAS) were developed for use by recreational programmes serving youth with significant intellectual and developmental disabilities (SIDD) to assess participant experiences and ensure that participants are afforded optimal opportunities to develop these skills. This paper presents a feasibility evaluation to determine the appropriateness of the PES and the SAS for use in a programme evaluation context. Method The PES and the SAS were used to evaluate a programme serving youth with SIDD in the greater northwest region of the United States. Three recreational activities were evaluated: an art project, trip to a zoo and a track practice. Programme volunteers used the SAS to assess opportunities and affordances offered within each activity. The PES was then given to 10 young people in each activity to capture their experiences. It was hypothesized that each setting would afford different experiences and developmental opportunities because of the differing nature of the activities. Results The PES and SAS were found to be feasible for conducting a programme evaluation. All three settings offered varying types of experiences and affordances. Notably, as measured by the SAS, opportunity for skill development was greater in more structured activities; the zoo had the fewest opportunities for skill development and the art project had the most skill development opportunities. Youth answered ‘no’ most often to ‘asking for help’ and ‘helping a kid’, suggesting changes to offer more opportunities to develop these skills would be beneficial in all three activities. Conclusion These new instruments offer programmes a means to more fully include young people with disabilities during programme evaluations, leading to better-structured, more supportive programmes.
Single-Tablet Regimens for the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection.

Objective: To review the pharmacokinetics, safety, drug-drug interactions, and advantages and disadvantages of currently available single-tablet regimens (STRs) for HIV-1 infection. Data Sources: A...
Irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity improves equally with probiotic and placebo

Aim To determine the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms and quality of life (QoL). Methods In this randomized triple-blind trial, adult IBS volunteers who were recruited according to Rome III criteria received 109 or 1010 colony-forming units of NCFM or placebo daily for 12 wk. IBS Symptom Severity Score (IBS-SSS), which constituted the primary outcome, and secondary outcomes, including individual IBS symptoms, IBS-related QoL questionnaire, anxiety and depression, defecation frequency, and stool consistency, were assessed at baseline at the end of the 8-wk run-in period, after 4 and 12 wk of intervention, and after a 4-wk washout. Results A total of 340 of 391 randomized volunteers completed the trial. IBS-SSS improved over 12 wk of treatment in all treatment groups, decreasing by a mean ± SD of 44.0 ± 80.2, 50.8 ± 82.4, and 48.3 ± 72.2 in the placebo, active low-dose, and active high-dose groups, respectively. Similarly, secondary outcomes did not differ between treatment groups. However, in a post hoc analysis of volunteers with moderate to severe abdominal pain at baseline (VAS > 35/100), the treatment significantly reduced the sensation of abdominal pain. Pain scores fell by 20.8 ± 22.8, 29.4 ± 17.9, and 31.2 ± 21.9 in the placebo, active low-dose, and active high-dose groups, respectively (P value for placebo vs combined active doses = 0.0460). Conclusion NCFM alleviates moderate to severe abdominal pain, consistent with earlier observations of this strain mitigating visceral pain through increased analgesic receptor expression.
Assessing the Methane Emissions from Natural Gas-Fired Power Plants and Oil Refineries

Presently, there is high uncertainty in estimates of methane (CH4) emissions from natural gas-fired power plants (NGPP) and oil refineries, two major end users of natural gas. Therefore, we measured CH4 and CO2 emissions at three NGPPs and three refineries using an aircraft-based mass balance technique. Average CH4 emission rates (NGPPs: 140 ± 70 kg/h; refineries: 580 ± 220 kg/h, 95% CL) were larger than facility-reported estimates by factors of 21–120 (NGPPs) and 11–90 (refineries). At NGPPs, the percentage of unburned CH4 emitted from stacks (0.01–0.14%) was much lower than respective facility-scale losses (0.10–0.42%), and CH4 emissions from both NGPPs and refineries were more strongly correlated with enhanced H2O concentrations (R2avg = 0.65) than with CO2 (R2avg = 0.21), suggesting noncombustion-related equipment as potential CH4 sources. Additionally, calculated throughput-based emission factors (EF) derived from the NGPP measurements made in this study were, on average, a factor of 4.4 (stacks) and...
Forecasting Versus Predicting Solute Transport in Solution Conduits for Estimating Drinking-Water Risks

Vnos polutantov v kras ima lahko hitre in unicujoce posledice za pitno vodo. Ker je nevarnost izlitja vedno navzoca, je prav, da upravniki vodnih virov predvidijo scenarije onesnaženja se preden se to v resnici zgodi. Razlicne scenarije vnosa polutantov v kras lahko predvidimo z uporabo že znanih podatkov in meritev v vodonosniku. Napoved sirjenja polutantov je najbolj zanesljiva, ce temelji na rezultatih stevilnih sledenj med razlicnimi vhodnimi in izhodnimi tockami. Na ta nacin lahko primerne tranportne parametre dolocimo z analizo krivulj koncentracij. S kombiniranjem razlicnih krivulj in uporabo ustrezne aproksimacijske metode, lahko razultate združimo v eno samo krivuljo koncentracij, ki jo uporabimo za predvidenje sirjenja polutantov. Sirjenje polutantov lahko napovemo tudi z uporabo osnovnih tranportnih parametrov, ki veljajo za kraske prevodnike in ustreznih transportnih enacb. Rezultat so krivulje koncentracij, ki jih tudi uporabimo za napoved posledic možnega vnosa polutantov v kras. Obe metodi smo preizkusili na namisljenem vnosu polutantov v kraski kanal in pri obeh dobili sprejemljive rezultate. Metoda, ki temelji na uporabi transportnih enacb, se je izkazala za boljso pri oceni potovalnega casa in koncentracije, ki smo ji izpostavljeni. Poleg tega je pri tej metodi delež povrnjenega sledila vecji. Contaminant releases in karstic terranes can cause rapid and devastating affects on drinking-water supplies. Because future contaminant releases are likely it is necessary that local water managers develop release scenarios so as to be prepared prior to an actual contaminant release occurring. Release scenarios may be forecasted using appropriate historical data or they may be predicted using selected measured parameters. Forecasting contaminant releases to drinking-water supplies in karstic terranes is best accomplished by conducting numerous tracer tests from each potential source location to each exposure point so that acceptable solute-transport parameters for each solution conduit may be estimated from analyses of the breakthrough curves. Compositing the numerous breakthrough curves and fitting a quintic spline allows development of a single representative breakthrough curve that may then be used to forecast the effects of a release. Predicting contaminant releases is accomplished by combining basic measured field parameters for selected solution conduits in functional relationships for application in solute-transport models. The resulting breakthrough curve and solute-transport parameters can be used to predict the effects of a release. The forecasting and prediction methodologies were tested using a hypothetical release into a solution conduit developed in a karstic aquifer. Both methods were shown to produce reasonably acceptable results. The prediction methodology produced better time-of-travel results and better mass recovery and exposure concentration results than did the forecasting methodology.
Possible moral ecologies, the function of everyday curation, and the experience of regions

Investigating the political ecologies of everyday engagements with environments—including material as well as policy and ideological interactions—requires consideration of the moral economy at play, as well as the political economy and social ecology. A.V. Chayanov (1966/1925), E.P. Thompson (1971, 1991), and Jim Scott (1976) have provided useful ways to think about moral economy. They framed moral economy as a way of enacting understandings of just commons, subsistence entitlements, and desirable economic relations based on social struggle. This framing can be particularly useful in combination with political ecology approaches to investigate 'moral ecologies.' These are society-environment assemblages that are often more aspirational than enacted, but toward which considerable effort is expended, and whose moral and ecological dynamics are functionally linked, perhaps as best illustrated in recent attention to agroecology as a powerful mechanism for ensuring rights to food (De Schutter 2011a, 2011b, 2012). Given political ecology's focus on power relations, moral ecologies that do not exercise considerable power are often overlooked by political ecologists. However, even if particular understandings may not be highly efficacious in exercising power, they may have considerable influence on relational conceptualizations. This mismatch between habitual inattention to moral ecologies and their potential importance contributes to tensions within contemporary society-environment scholarship between structuralist and poststructuralist modes of engagement. Given the value of both modes, particularly for understanding what Peet and Watts (1993) describe as liberation ecologies (and the regional discourse formations that shape them), I argue that political ecology provides useful frameworks for documenting and analyzing the socio-ecological experience of regions—in terms not only of the functions of society and environment, but also of the performance and curation of knowledge about those functions. Keywords: moral economy, food systems, curation, critical regional studies, land use planning, participatory action research, environmental justice, integrated natural resource management science
Unbiased Quantized Consensus

In this chapter, we describe the discrete-time unbiased quantized consensus model and the associated algorithm for computing the average values of the agents as introduced in [1].
What Impacts do OER Have on Students? Students Share Their Experiences with a Health Psychology OER at New York City College of Technology

This article reports findings from a study conducted with students in three sections of a Health Psychology course that replaced a traditional textbook with open educational resources (OER) as the primary course material. The purpose of the study was to learn how OER impacted students. Data were collected in Fall 2015 with students from New York City College of Technology (City Tech), of the City University of New York (CUNY), a comprehensive college located in Brooklyn. Students were assigned the OER by their course instructor, who developed it as part of a library funded OER pilot initiative. Two research instruments were employed: one-on-one interviews and short surveys. Both interview and survey items asked students about how they engaged with the OER as their primary assigned course material. They shared feedback about the overall organization of the OER, ease of use, methods used to access the OER and complete coursework, benefits and challenges, and differences and similarities to using a traditional print textbook. Findings indicate that most students were able to access the OER more easily than traditional textbooks and responded positively to the variety of learning materials and assignments the OER assembled. Most students reported that course readings were equal to or better than traditional textbooks and would be willing to register for a course offering a similar resource in the future. A small amount of students reported minor usability issues. Also, few students had difficulties obtaining technology necessary to access the OER.
Tick Haller’s Organ, a New Paradigm for Arthropod Olfaction: How Ticks Differ from Insects

Ticks are the vector of many human and animal diseases; and host detection is critical to this process. Ticks have a unique sensory structure located exclusively on the 1st pairs of legs; the fore-tarsal Haller’s organ, not found in any other animals, presumed to function like the insect antennae in chemosensation but morphologically very different. The mechanism of tick chemoreception is unknown. Utilizing next-generation sequencing and comparative transcriptomics between the 1st and 4th legs (the latter without the Haller’s organ), we characterized 1st leg specific and putative Haller’s organ specific transcripts from adult American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis. The analysis suggested that the Haller’s organ is involved in olfaction, not gustation. No known odorant binding proteins like those found in insects, chemosensory lipocalins or typical insect olfactory mechanisms were identified; with the transcriptomic data only supporting a possible olfactory G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signal cascade unique to the Haller’s organ. Each component of the olfactory GPCR signal cascade was identified and characterized. The expression of GPCR, Gαo and β-arrestin transcripts identified exclusively in the 1st leg transcriptome, and putatively Haller’s organ specific, were examined in unfed and blood-fed adult female and male D. variabilis. Blood feeding to repletion in adult females down-regulated the expression of all three chemosensory transcripts in females but not in males; consistent with differences in post-feeding tick behavior between sexes and an expected reduced chemosensory function in females as they leave the host. Data are presented for the first time of the potential hormonal regulation of tick chemosensation; behavioral assays confirmed the role of the Haller’s organ in N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) repellency but showed no role for the Haller’s organ in host attachment. Further research is needed to understand the potential role of the GPCR cascade in olfaction.
Does ‘Ought’ Imply ‘Might’? How (not) to Resolve the Conflict between Act and Motive Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism has often been understood as a theory that concerns itself first and foremost with the rightness of actions; but many other things (e.g., moral rules, motives, laws, etc.) are also properly subject to moral evaluation, and utilitarians have long understood that the theory must be able to provide an account of these as well. In a landmark article from 1976, Robert Adams argues that traditional act utilitarianism faces a particular problem in this regard. He argues that a on a sensible utilitarian account of the rightness of an agent’s motives, right motives will sometimes conflict with right actions, leaving the theory internally incoherent. The puzzle Adams raises has received a good deal of attention but few proposed solutions. Fred Feldman, however, has offered a solution that seems to be gaining adherents. In this paper I argue that Feldman’s approach cannot succeed. At bottom, it relies on a version of the principle that ‘ought’ implies ‘can’—and subsequently an account of an agent’s alternatives—that is far too restrictive to be plausible. Despite the failure of this solution, however, I argue that the conflict Adams develops is not as theoretically troubling as he suggests. While traditional act utilitarianism may fail for other reasons, it will not fail due to the conflict between acts and motives.
Coupled Models and Climate Projections

Abstract Coupled climate models consist of atmosphere, ocean, land, and sea ice components. Most climate models now do not need to use flux adjustments to maintain the present-day climate in a control run, when the forcings have a repeating annual cycle or are constant in time. A control run must simulate well-known important large-scale phenomena, such as the El Nino/Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic overturning circulation. Climate models are used to simulate the climate of the twentieth century, and to make projections of the future climate. The uses and limitations of climate models are then described, and several cutting edge issues are discussed.
Teaching Teachers to Teach Mathematics.

Group investigations from the areas of number theory, probability, and geometry. are presented and discussed. By working in groups, sharing ideas, and making and testing conjectures, prospective te...
Should we titrate peep based on end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure?—yes

Ventilator management of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been characterized by implementation of basic physiology principles by minimizing harmful distending pressures and preventing lung derecruitment. Such strategies have led to significant improvements in outcomes. Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) is an important part of a lung protective strategy but there is no standardized method to set PEEP level. With widely varying types of lung injury, body habitus and pulmonary mechanics, the use of esophageal manometry has become important for personalization and optimization of mechanical ventilation in patients with ARDS. Esophageal manometry estimates pleural pressures, and can be used to differentiate the chest wall and lung (transpulmonary) contributions to the total respiratory system mechanics. Elevated pleural pressures may result in negative transpulmonary pressures at end expiration, leading to lung collapse. Measuring the esophageal pressures and adjusting PEEP to make transpulmonary pressures positive can decrease atelectasis, derecruitment of lung, and cyclical opening and closing of airways and alveoli, thus optimizing lung mechanics and oxygenation. Although there is some spatial and positional artifact, esophageal pressures in numerous animal and human studies in healthy, obese and critically ill patients appear to be a good estimate for the “effective” pleural pressure. Multiple studies have illustrated the benefit of using esophageal pressures to titrate PEEP in patients with obesity and with ARDS. Esophageal pressure monitoring provides a window into the unique physiology of a patient and helps improve clinical decision making at the bedside.
VTA GABAergic Plasticity: An Inhibitory Synaptic Model of Drug Addiction

There is now compelling evidence suggesting that addiction is a pathological form of habit-based learning of the brain that involves drug-induced synaptic plasticity in addiction-related areas of the brain including the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Fortunately, over the last decade, tremendous progress has been made in the identification of neuroplastic changes in the relevant neural circuits involved in the development and maintenance of addiction using “synaptic plasticity models”. The current model of addiction supports the idea that the VTA is the major starting point of addiction-associated plasticity of the brain in response to drugs of abuse. While synaptic plasticity at excitatory synapses is well-studied and is correlated with addiction, the role of synaptic plasticity at inhibitory synapses is less well understood. However now there is a growing interest in characterizing and uncovering the underlying mechanisms of these forms of inhibitory plasticity and their link to different aspects of brain function, including the development of addictive behaviors. In this chapter, I will provide a brief synopsis of some forms of synaptic plasticity associated with addiction found at inhibitory GABAergic synapses in the VTA.
EXPLOITATION OF FREQUENT p16 DELETION IN THE TREATMENT OF T CELL ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA

Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is essential for the salvage of both adenine and methionine. Deficiency of MTAP has been found in a variety of cancers including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Recently, the MTAP gene has been mapped to the close proximity of tumor suppressor genes p16 and p15 which code for inhibitors of the cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6. We found that p16/p15 genes are frequently co-deleted in leukemic samples obtained from patients with T-cell ALL (T-ALL). Alteration of p16 gene was found in 30/49 (61%) and 22/34 (65%) of diagnosis and relapse samples, respectively. Among those samples with p16 deletion, p15 was deleted in 19 of 24 (79%) samples studied, and MTAP gene is deleted in 20/38 (53%). The finding of high frequency of MTAP deficiency in T-ALL offers an opportunity for the design of biochemically selective therapy for T-ALL. We studied the effect of methionine depletion in a T-ALL cell line, CEM, in which p16 and MTAP genes are deleted. Incubation of CEM in methionine deficient medium resulted in an initial growth inhibition followed by gradual cell death. In contrast, methionine depletion had no significant effect on the viability of normal blood mononuclear cells or proliferative response of normal T lymphocytes to PHA. In the presence or absence of methionine, the stimulation index was 90.1 ± 8.1 and 75.9 ± 7.8, respectively at 1 μg/ml PHA, and 63.7 ± 2.3 and 69.5 ± 3.9 at 2.5 μg/ml PHA. Although MTAP (-) CEM cells appear to be as sensitive as the MTAP (+) MOLT-4 cells to alanosine, an inhibitor of AMP synthesis, addition of methythioadenosine, a substrate of MTAP, protected the MTAP (+) MOLT-4 cells but not the MTAP (-) CEM cells from alanosine cytotoxicity. These findings suggest the possibility of targeting MTAP for selective therapy of T-ALL.
Hearing Loss, Protection, and Regeneration in the Larval Zebrafish Lateral Line

This chapter reviews how the larval zebrafish lateral line serves as a model system for studying hair cell death and regeneration. Drugs or vital dyes are rapidly taken up by lateral line hair cells and their effects can be quickly determined by visual assessment. Studies characterizing the death and robust regeneration of lateral line hair cells after exposure to a range of known toxins have established the lateral line as an in vivo model system for understanding these processes. The lateral line has also been the focus of several large-scale drug screens designed to identify novel ototoxins, protective compounds, and compounds that modulate hair cell regeneration. Genetic screens have also provided data about the genes contributing to toxin sensitivity and hair cell regeneration. The combination of rapid, quantitative assays with methods for in vivo visualization make the zebrafish lateral line a promising system for understanding fundamental processes underlying hair cell death and regeneration, and for identifying potential fruitful approaches to modulating these processes in other systems.
Operating Room Turnaround and On Time Starts Improvement

The next two chapters describe the improvements made to a community-based acute care hospital’s Operating Room environment with respect to the following areas: (1) Chapter 4. Performing turn around time between surgical cases, and improve on-time start of operating room cases. (2) Chapter 5. Improve OR location and organization of equipment, instruments and supplies.
Evaluating DNA methylation age on the Illumina’s methylationEPIC BeadChip

Abstract DNA methylation age (DNAm age) has become a widely utilized epigenetic biomarker for the aging process. The Horvath method for determining DNAm age is perhaps the most widely utilized and validated DNA methylation age assessment measure. Horvath DNAm age is calculated based on methylation measurements at 353 loci which were present on Illumina’s 450k and 27k DNA methylation microarrays. With the increasing use of the more recently developed Illumina MethylationEPIC (850k) microarray, it is worth revisiting this widely used aging measure to evaluate differences in DNA methylation age estimation based on array design. Of the requisite 353 loci, 17 are missing from the current 850k microarray. Using 17 datasets with 27k, 450k, and/or 850k methylation data, we calculated and compared each sample’s epigenetic age estimated from all 353 loci required from the Horvath DNAm age calculator (full), and using only the 336 loci present on the 27k, 450k, and 850k arrays (reduced). In 450k/27k data, missing loci caused underestimation of epigenetic age when compared with the full clock. Underestimation of full epigenetic age grew from ages 0 to ~20, remaining stable thereafter (mean= −3.46 y, SD=1.13) years for individuals ≥20 years. Underestimation of DNAm age by the reduced 450k/27k data was similar to the underestimation observed in the 850k data indicating that array differences in DNAm age estimation are primarily driven by missing probes. Correlations between age and DNAm age were not dependent on missing probes or on array designs and consequently associations between DNAm age and outcomes such as sex remained the same independent of missing probes and probe design. In conclusion, DNAm age estimations are array dependent driven by missing probes between arrays. Though correlations and associations with DNAm age may remain the same, researchers should exercise caution when interpreting results based on absolute differences in DNAm age or when mixing samples assayed on different arrays. Disclaimer This paper has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, and is approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The authors declare they have no competing financial interests.
Dual-Band Monopole Antenna Feeds for Substrate Integrated Waveguides

This paper explores a new passive coupling technique for multi-band high speed signaling in Substrate Integrated Waveguides (SIW). Two monopole antenna feeds operating at two different center frequencies are used for coupling signals into the SIW. Multiple antenna feeds can be obstructions to each other's radiation, thus degrading the quality of the SIW feed and as a result transmission through the SIW deteriorates significantly. In this paper, optimization of the feeds' relative locations is studied to achieve maximum power coupling into the SIW with minimum interference between the monopole feeds.
Jumps in Financial Markets: A New Nonparametric Test and Jump Clustering

We introduce a new nonparametric jump test for continuous-time asset pricing models. It distinguishes actual arrivals and different sizes of jumps. Asymptotic distribution of the test statistics is provided, and we demonstrate that it is desirable to use high-frequency data. We explore dynamic jump intensity structure through the test, and find empirical evidence of jump clustering in foreign currency exchange markets. Its implication for financial risk management, in particular value at risk, is also discussed.
Traditional and Integrated PhD Curricula: A Study of Knowledge Creation Produced by Sport Management Programs and Their Faculty

This study examined knowledge creation by faculty currently employed in North American sport management doctoral programs relative to program structure (i.e., integrated or traditional). Faculty cu...
Efficient live fluorescence imaging of intraflagellar transport in mammalian primary cilia

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is a motile process critical for building most cilia, including those of mammalian cells. Defects in IFT lead to short or missing cilia, and in animals can cause defects in development, for example, in hedgehog-mediated signaling, as well as disease symptoms such as polycystic kidney disease or retinal degeneration. Understanding how IFT works is thus a high priority in ciliary biology. Imaging of living cells has played a key role in understanding the mechanism of IFT and this is particularly the case in mammalian cells where biochemical analysis of IFT is extremely difficult due to the difficulty of isolating cilia away from the rest of the cell. Imaging IFT in living mammalian cells requires solution to several problems: constructing cell lines that express fluorescent-protein-tagged IFT proteins, obtaining cell populations with a high degree of ciliation, confocal or TIRF imaging with sufficient time resolution and signal-to-noise ratio to observe the majority of IFT particles as they travel back and forth inside the cilium, and analyzing the image data to extract quantitative measurements of IFT. We describe optimized solutions to each of these technical challenges. Using the approaches described here, mammalian cultured cells become powerful platforms for quantitative analysis of IFT dynamics.
The Method of Cases in Context

Machery distinguishes two uses of the method of cases (1.0), the ‘material’ mode or use and the ‘formal’ mode or use, on the basis of their respective goals. According to Machery: ‘Cases are used f...
Small-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Ion-Irradiated Bulk Metallic Glass

The effect of ion irradiation on the hardness and yield strength of Zr57Nb5Cu15.4Ni12.6Al10 bulk metallic glass has been studied using nanoindentation and micropillar compression tests. The results for the amorphous alloy were compared with those for 304 stainless steel. After Ni2+ ion irradiation, the metallic glass was found on an average to have 16% lower hardness and 13% lower yield strength. In contrast, 304 stainless steel showed significant hardening (~ 50% hardness and strength increase) after irradiation under identical conditions. The irradiation-induced hardening of the steel was attributed to hindrance of dislocation movement from the defects generated, while the softening behavior of the metallic glass was attributed to structural change in the irradiated region while retaining a fully amorphous state. The present work paves the way for better understanding of the irradiation response of metallic glasses to develop degradation-resistant alloys for next-generation nuclear applications.
Morphogenesis and tissue engineering

Abstract Morphogenesis regulates the generation, maintenance, and renewal of tissues and organs throughout the lifetime, ensuring their normal biological functions. In tissues, cell behavior is tightly controlled at the cellular and molecular levels, particularly via interactions between cells and with the extracellular matrix, which provides physical, chemical, and biological signals. Understanding and mimicry of morphogenetic mechanisms is essential to the field of tissue engineering that aims at restoring tissue function upon damage or disease. Current strategies in tissue engineering focus on the delivery of cells, material scaffolds, soluble bioactive molecules (e.g., morphogens) or a combination of those to provide effective clinical therapies to major challenges of regenerative medicine.
Consequences of Sexual Violence among College Students: Investigating the Role of PTSD Symptoms, Rumination, and Institutional Betrayal

The overarching goals of the current study were to investigate the roles of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, rumination, and institutional betrayal (e.g., feeling betrayed/harmed by a...
Partnered Sexual Behaviors, Pleasure, and Orgasms at Last Sexual Encounter: Findings from a U.S. Probability Sample of Black Women Ages 18 to 92 Years.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of sexual behaviors and experiences of Black women’s partnered behaviors at their most recent sexual event. Data were from a subset of 980 B...
Ratings of Physician Communication by Caregivers of Hospitalized Children With and Without Autism.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate caregivers’ perceptions of physician communication and hospital ratings for hospitalized children with and without autism and assess associations between perceived quality of physician communication and overall ratings of the hospital. METHODS: We studied survey data from caregivers of 543 patients with autism compared with a 2:1 matched control sample of 1086 patients with similar characteristics but without autism from a single children’s hospital. We analyzed survey items related to physician communication and hospital ratings from the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Physicians and Systems Child Hospital Survey. We constructed multivariable regression models to examine the relationship between caregiver-perceived physician communication and caregivers’ overall ratings of the hospital. RESULTS: A similar proportion of caregivers of children with and without autism reported that doctors “always” listened carefully to them (71.4% vs 74.3%; adjusted prevalence ratio 0.96; 95% confidence interval 0.90–1.03) and “always” treated them with respect (80.0% vs 84.1%; adjusted prevalence ratio 0.95; 95% confidence interval 0.90–1.00). Caregivers of children with autism were less likely to “definitely” recommend the hospital (87.0% vs 92.3%; adjusted prevalence ratio 0.94; 95% confidence interval 0.91–0.98). All items related to caregiver-perceived physician communication were associated with the highest hospital rating and the highest recommendation of the hospital in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: When matched on the basis of medical and social factors, caregivers of children with and without autism reported similar frequencies of highest-quality physician communication. Improvement of physician communication with caregivers of medically and socially complex children with and without autism may improve caregivers’ overall ratings of the hospital.
Unsettling the Coloniality of the Researcher: Toward a Black Studies Approach to Critical Humanisms in Qualitative Inquiry:

This article unsettles the coloniality of the researcher, a convergence between coloniality, the researcher, and dominant representations of the human. This unsettling is necessary to call attentio...
Economic Effects of Sales Tax Collection Requirements: Evidence from Wayfair

This study examines the economic effects of sales tax collection obligations for remote sellers. Using the U.S. Supreme Court decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc. as a setting, I first examine investor responses to the requirement that remote sellers charge and collect tax in states where they do not have a physical presence. I find that stock prices for online and catalog retailers decline by about one percent around the Court’s decision. I further find that analysts revise their sales forecasts downward for online and catalog retailers following the decision, also by about one percent. These first two results are consistent with the expectation that sales tax collection requirements negatively affect remote sellers’ future sales and reduce a competitive advantage relative to traditional brick-and-mortar retailers. I then examine firms’ geographic location decisions. The Wayfair decision is premised, in part, on arguments that the former standard distorted economic activity by creating incentives for remote sellers to avoid establishing a physical presence in states where it would trigger a sales tax collection requirement. Although Wayfair removes this incentive, I do not find strong evidence of an increased propensity among remote sellers to expand into new states.
Jòzef Tischner’s Philosophy of the Human Being

J. Tischner (1931–2000), Polish philosopher—disciple of R. Ingarden, renowned representative of the phenomenological school, with whom he wrote his doctoral dissertation about Husserl’s philosophy (1963)—is one of the most significant representatives of phenomenological thought in Poland. He is the author of more than 600 writings of philosophical and essayistic character. Among those which are the most important to understanding his thought are: Świat ludzkiej nadziei (The World of Hope, 1975), Etyka solidarności (The Ethics of Solidarity, 1981), Myśenie wedlug wartości (Thinking According to Values, 1982), Filozofia dramatu (The Philosophy of Drama, 1990), Spor o istnienie czlowieka (Controversy over Human Existence, 1998).
A Conditional Game-Theoretic Approach to Cooperative Multiagent Systems Design

Neoclassical game theory focuses exclusively on individual preferences, which are more naturally attuned to competitive, rather than cooperative, decision scenarios. Conditional game theory differs from classical theory in two fundamental ways. First, it involves a utility structure that permits agents to define their preferences conditioned on the preferences of other agents, and second, it accommodates a notion of group rationality as well as individual rationality. The resulting framework permits a notion of group preferences to be defined, and permits solution concepts that account for both individual and group interests.
Preparation of partially fluorinated aryl/alkyl vinylene ether polymers

A new class of partially fluorinated alternating aryl/alkyl vinylene ether (FAVE) polymers were prepared from addition polymerization of aryl trifluorovinyl ethers (TFVEs) with 1,4-butanediol or 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol. Monodisperse FAVE telechelic polymers were also prepared possessing latent thermal reactivity which afforded chain-extended perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) aryl ethers via step-growth [2 + 2] cyclodimerization of the aryl TFVEs. Both linear and PFCB chain-extended FAVE polymers produced thermally robust, optically transparent, flexible spin-cast films. The FAVE polymers and their telechelic polymers were characterized using 19F NMR and 1H NMR complemented with molecular weight analysis using gel permeation chromatography and thermal analysis employing differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Perceptions of Visual Culture in Turkish Pre-Service Art Teacher Preparation

One of the key tasks of the university in the 21st century is to nurture visually literate students in the information age. Given that we live in a very highly visualized world, it is increasingly important that students are educated as critical viewers who are able to respond to visual images in an analytical and selective manner. The education of critical viewers starts with art teachers who appreciate and understand the embedded value of imagery within cultures, cultural differences, students’ knowledge and experience, critical thought, and reflection. The creation of progressive models in art teacher education that connect art and everyday life can help achieve this goal. One vehicle that may help teachers arrive at this goal is visual culture. This study explores the state of art education in Turkey as revealed by pre-service art education university instructors, and the potential of incorporating visual culture studies in pre-service art education in Turkey. It examines the instructors’ perceptions of visual culture, popular culture, and its impact on society.
Energy Systems Analysis for a Renewable Transportation Sector

Abstract In a fossil-fuel deprived world, it is likely that all the basic human needs will be met by renewable sources like solar energy. Among the needs, transportation offers the greatest challenges, owing to its high energy-density fuel requirements, which have traditionally been met by fossil-based liquid hydrocarbon fuels. Here, we present a detailed systems analysis of the transportation sector, from which emerges an energy efficient roadmap, based on the use of renewable carbon sources like biomass and atmospheric CO2, solar energy in the form of H2, heat and electricity, in conjunction with novel processes for producing liquid fuels. The proposed roadmap is illustrated using the US transportation sector as a case study.
Cesium telluride cathodes for the next generation of high-average current high-brightness photoinjectors

We report on the performances of a Cs2Te photocathode under extreme conditions of high peak time-dependent accelerating fields, continuous wave operations, and MHz pulse extraction with up to 0.3 mA average current. The measurements, performed in a normal conducting cavity, show extended lifetime and robustness, elucidate the main mechanisms for cathode degradation, and set the required system vacuum performance for compatibility with the operations of a high average power X-ray free electron laser user facility, opening the doors to the next generation of MHz-scale ultrafast scientific instruments.
State Takeover Legislation: The Case of Delaware

The rise in hostile takeover attempts in recent years has apparently motivated many states to pass antitakeover legislation, often after lobbying by the management of targeted firms. At least 39 states have passed some sort of antitakeover legislation. In 1988, Delaware, the state of incorporation of almost half of the firms listed on the New York Stock Exchange, enacted its own antitakeover legislation. How did investors in Delaware firms react to news of the progress of this particular law? Since shareholders typically enjoy rapid price gains when their firms are successfully acquired (see Jensen and Ruback, Jarrell et al.), laws reducing the probability of a takeover may also reduce the value of a potential target. Such value reduction may be mitigated as antitakeover laws may also have the effect of raising takeover premiums. Critics also argue that takeover protection makes management less accountable to shareholders, which may lead to corporate decisions not in the best interest of shareholders. Firm value may not be maximized, however, when management feels vulnerable to a takeover. The threat of takeover may lead management to focus unduly on short-term results, holding costs down by deferring R&D and
Effect of Sublethal Heat on the Metabolic Activity of Staphylococcus aureus

Cells of Staphylococcus aureus MF-31 which have been heat-injured at 52 C have an altered metabolic activity. Analyses of whole-cell preparations by means of the Thunberg technique and Warburg manometry showed decreased dehydrogenase activity and oxygen uptake on a variety of substrates. In cell-free extracts prepared from injured cells, it was demonstrated that the specific activity of fructose diphosphate aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase, and butanediol dehydrogenase was less than that of extracts prepared from normal unheated cells. Recovery of the heat-injured cells in a suitable medium supported a return of the dehydrogenase activity and oxygen uptake, but the activity of the enzymes in cell-free extracts prepared from such partially recovered cells did not fully return to the level of normal (unheated) preparations. Addition of chloramphenicol or actinomycin D to the recovery medium, singly or in combination, retarded the return of the normal metabolic activity. Radiorespirometric experiments indicated that the percentage participation of the Embden-Meyerhoff Parnas and hexose monophosphate pathways remained the same for normal and heat-injured cells. The sublethal heat treatment decreased the catabolic capabilities of S. aureus and the production of selected end products associated with the metabolism of glucose.