cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Various Larval and Adult Diets on the Fecundity and Longevity of the Boll worm, Tobacco Bud worm, and Cotton Leaf worm

Laboratory studies showed that adults of the bollworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), were able to mate and oviposit without having fed; however, about a 50% increase in both fecundity and longevity resulted when adults fed on a sucrose solution. Larval food also influenced fecundity and longevity of bollworm adults. Adults of tobacco budworm, H. virescens (F.), and cotton leaf worm, Alabama argillacea (Hubner), lived twice as long and deposited about 5 times as many eggs when fed sugar solutions as when they received water only.
Teaching Video NeuroImages: Slow upward ocular bobbing

Slow upward ocular bobbing consists of slow upward conjugate eye movement, followed by a fast downward return to midposition, previously described with pontine pathology.1,2 Our patient had an undiagnosed CSF leak in the setting of a postoperative pseudomeningocele with decline in her level of consciousness, absent oculocephalic reflexes, and intact corneal and pupillary light reflexes. She exhibited slow upward ocular bobbing (video on the Neurology ® Web site at [Neurology.org][1]), which increased in frequency with noxious stimuli. Imaging revealed brain sag with ventral pontine flattening. Despite repair of the pseudomeningocele, the patient remained comatose requiring mechanical ventilation and passed shortly after care was withdrawn. [1]: http://neurology.org/lookup/doi/10.1212/WNL.0000000000002583
Moving Toward Integration? Effects of Migration on Ethnoracial Segregation Across the Rural-Urban Continuum

This study analyzes the impact of migration on ethnoracial segregation among U.S. counties. Using county-level net migration estimates by age, race, and Hispanic origin from 1990–2000 and 2000–2010, we estimate migration’s impact on segregation by age and across space. Overall, migration served to integrate ethnoracial groups in both decades, whereas differences in natural population change (increase/decrease) would have increased segregation. Age differences, however, are stark. Net migration of the population under age 40 reduced segregation, while net migration of people over age 60 further segregated people. Migration up and down the rural-urban continuum (including suburbanization among people of color) did most to decrease segregation, while interregional migration had only a small impact. People of color tended to move toward more predominantly white counties and regions at all ages. Migration among white young adults (aged 20–39) also decreased segregation. Whites aged 40 and older, however, showed tendencies toward white flight. Moderate spatial variation suggests that segregation is diminishing the most in suburban and fringe areas of several metropolitan areas in the Northeast and Midwest, while parts of the South, Southwest, and Appalachia show little evidence of integration.
The role of cuboidal ω precipitates on α precipitation in a Ti-20V alloy

Abstract The early stages of super-refined α phase precipitation, aided by the presence of precursory isothermal cuboidal ω precipitates, in a Ti-20V alloy, has been investigated by coupling conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HRSTEM), including energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and atom probe tomography (APT). These complementary techniques, reveal for the first time, conclusive experimental evidence of nucleation of α precipitates at the ω/β interface and the attendant partitioning of elements.
Reusable Secure Connectors for Secure Software Architecture

This paper describes the design of reusable secure connectors that are used in the design of secure software architectures for distributed software applications. The secure connectors are designed separately from application components by reusing the appropriate communication pattern between components as well as the security services required by these components. Each secure connector is designed as a composite component that encapsulates both security service components and communication pattern components. Integration of security services and communication patterns within a secure connector is provided by a security coordinator. The main advantage is that secure connectors can be reused in different applications. In this paper, secure connectors are reused in electronic commerce and automated teller machine applications.
Chapter 2 – Online Community Empowerment, Emotional Connection, and Armed Love in the Black Lives Matter Movement

The death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri helped spark a new sociopolitical movement to counter structural racism against the Black community, with police brutality as a central focus. This movement has persisted in both offline and online spaces, with the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter becoming the movement's moniker. Over time this reflexive movement has sought to become more inclusive of all Black lives, including women and LGBTQ members of the community. The hashtag #SayHerName has also become an affiliated phrase. This chapter analyzes how online communities discussing the movement, particularly on the social media platform, Twitter, help empower and build connections among participants through what Paulo Freire called “armed love.” Our findings suggest that the emotional bonds created online, help sustain the movement through the building of solidarity across intersections. These connections help extend the community's reach within-group, in order to include the most marginalized and oppressed through the act of communal, armed love.
Rat Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Publisher Summary This chapter explains experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the rat. EAE has been the most widely used model for the human disease, multiple sclerosis. EAE may be actively induced by immunization with myelin basic protein (MBP) or proteolipid apoprotein (PLP), or by specific peptides encompassing the encephalitogenic regions. MBP and PLP are the major protein components of central nervous system myelin. For disease induction, the protein or peptide must be emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant, or adsorbed on the surface of particulates such as carbon, kaolin, or talc. The emulsified adjuvant acts as a slow-releasing repository of emulsified antigen at the injection site and creates a granulomatous reaction that stimulates mononuclear cells to induce a CD4+ T-cell response. Freund's complete adjuvant holds an established place in the laboratory as a means of attaining high levels of antibody against protein antigens and inducing cell-mediated responses.
Habitat use of leatherside chub ( Gila copei ) in the presence of predatory brown trout ( Salmo trutta )

The objectives of this study were to (1) examine distribution and habitat use of leatherside chub ( Gila copei ) in a creek with high densities of predatory brown trout ( Salmo trutta ), and (2) compare study results with published accounts of leatherside chub habitat use in streams with few or no brown trout. A 14-km section of Diamond Fork Creek, Utah, was point-shocked to determine macrohabitat (main channel and lateral habitat) and microhabitat (current, depth, substrate, and cover) use of leatherside chug. At the macrohabitat level, leatherside chub were most common in lower reaches of Diamond Fork Creek where the channel was braided and lateral habitats (cutoff pools and backwaters) were abundant. Only a single leatherside chub was found in the main channel of Diamond Fork. Investigations in other systems lacking brown trout indicated that leatherside chub occupy main channel habitats. At the microhabitat level, we found significant positive associations between presence of leatherside chub and both habitat depth and silt. In addition, we found a significant negative association between presence of leatherside chub and number of brown trout. Our results suggest predation by brown trout may limit leatherside chub to lateral habitats that could provide refugia against predation. The introduction of brown trout to systems with little lateral habitat could have serious effects on persistence of resident leatherside chub populations.
International Approaches To Renewable Energy Education – A Faculty Professional Development Case Study With Recommended Practices For STEM Educators

Calls for increased international competency in U.S. college graduates and the global nature of the renewable energy industry require an exploration of how to incorporate a global perspective in STEM curricula, and how to best develop faculty providing them with global knowledge and skills necessary to update and improve existing teaching practices. To expand awareness of the global renewable energy sector, a cohort of renewable energy educators from across the United States participated in two international learning exchanges to Australia/New Zealand and Germany/Denmark. The exchanges provided opportunities for the participants to meet with technical educators, visit teaching labs, review industry partnerships, talk with policy makers and government representatives, and to share knowledge and best teaching practices. Three years after the initial international exchange, participant data was collected to measure the extended impact of the experience and the perceived value of various learning activities. The results show that the exchanges expanded participant’s knowledge of renewable energy technologies and issues both in the U.S. and abroad, and also influenced teaching curriculum and instruction, and academic community engagement. This study serves as a model program for providing STEM faculty with rich international experience. The findings in this manuscript highlight the key components to building a successful international professional development program, and illustrate the type of impacts that can result from these activities. The lessons learned are meaningful to other institutions or organizations planning similar international activities in a variety of disciplines.
Memorial of Louis S. Walter, 1933–2000

On February 1, 2000, after his lung surgery five weeks earlier, the world lost a blithe spirit, Louis S. Walter. Adult respiratory distress syndrome had finally stilled the glorious voice for which Lou was well known. Several years earlier, three heart attacks had failed to do it. Nor had they dulled the brightness of the warm personality that was Lou. When a fellow member of Music and Drama Productions (MAD), a theater group Lou co-founded, was wheeled up to a recovery bed after heart surgery, the man was too exhausted to wonder about the room’s other occupant who was within a curtain-surrounded bed. Somewhat later he heard a German-accented female voice ask the other patient if he was ready. The reply was affirmative and from behind the curtain two voices burst into song, singing an …
Subtrochanteric Femur Fractures (Proximal 5 cm of Femoral Shaft)

Complete evaluation of subtrochanteric femur fractures (Fig. 40.1) includes neurovascular compromise, open vs. closed, degree of shortening, associated injuries, displaced/non-displaced, results of CT of femoral neck, and existing hardware.
Impact of data placement on resilience in large-scale object storage systems

Distributed object storage architectures have become the de facto standard for high-performance storage in big data, cloud, and HPC computing. Object storage deployments using commodity hardware to reduce costs often employ object replication as a method to achieve data resilience. Repairing object replicas after failure is a daunting task for systems with thousands of servers and billions of objects, however, and it is increasingly difficult to evaluate such scenarios at scale on real-world systems. Resilience and availability are both compromised if objects are not repaired in a timely manner. In this work we leverage a high-fidelity discrete-event simulation model to investigate replica reconstruction on large-scale object storage systems with thousands of servers, billions of objects, and petabytes of data. We evaluate the behavior of CRUSH, a well-known object placement algorithm, and identify configuration scenarios in which aggregate rebuild performance is constrained by object placement policies. After determining the root cause of this bottleneck, we then propose enhancements to CRUSH and the usage policies atop it to enable scalable replica reconstruction. We use these methods to demonstrate a simulated aggregate rebuild rate of 410 GiB/s (within 5% of projected ideal linear scaling) on a 1,024-node commodity storage system. We also uncover an unexpected phenomenon in rebuild performance based on the characteristics of the data stored on the system.
Abstract 532: GRK4 Palmitoylation is Necessary for Membrane Association and Dopamine-1 Receptor Activity

The renal dopaminergic system regulates a large percentage of renal sodium excretion under sodium loaded conditions; however, not much is known about intracellular dopaminergic regulatory mechanisms. The expression of the principal sodium regulatory dopaminergic receptor (the D1R) is negatively modulated by the G protein linked receptor kinase type 4 (GRK4) through phosphorylation while the D1R is expressed in the plasma membrane. Therefore, we hypothesized that mechanisms associated with GRK4 membrane localization might be associated with its activity. Using human renal proximal tubule cell lines (RPTC), we previously demonstrated that GRK4 is palmitoylated using 17-octadecynoic acid (17-ODYA) and click chemistry and that fenoldopam (FEN, D1R agonist) decreased palmitoylation only in normal cAMP-coupled RPTC. Here we expand on those studies by showing that GRK4 palmitoylation was inhibited by 2-bromopalmitate (2BP, 100 μmol/L, palmitoylation inhibitor) which shifted GRK4 expression from the membrane to the cytoplasm. We used two different techniques to show loss of GRK4 membrane association when GRK4 palmitoylation was inhibited. The first technique involved classic cell fractionation using ultracentrifugation and western blot identification of GRK4 in membrane protein fractions (VEH 0.174±0.023 RFU, 2BP 0.091±0.013 RFU, P
How Hot are Your Ions Really? A Threshold Collision-Induced Dissociation Study of Substituted Benzylpyridinium “Thermometer” Ions

The first absolute experimental bond dissociation energies (BDEs) for the main heterolytic bond cleavages of four benzylpyridinium “thermometer” ions are measured using threshold collision-induced dissociation in a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer. In this experiment, substituted benzylpyridinium ions are introduced into the apparatus using an electrospray ionization source, thermalized, and collided with Xe at varied kinetic energies to determine absolute cross-sections for these reactions. Various effects are accounted for, including kinetic shifts, multiple collisions, and internal and kinetic energy distributions. These experimentally measured 0 K BDEs are compared with computationally predicted values at the B3LYP-GD3BJ, M06-GD3, and MP2(full) levels of theory with a 6-311+G(2d,2p) basis set using vibrational frequencies and geometries determined at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level. Additional dissociation pathways are observed for nitrobenzylpyridinium experimentally and investigated using these same levels of theory. Experimental BDEs are also compared against values in the literature at the AM1, HF, B3LYP, B3P86, and CCSD(T) levels of theory. Of the calculated values obtained in this work, the MP2(full) level of theory with counterpoise corrections best reproduces the experimental results, as do the similar literature CCSD(T) values. Lastly, the survival yield method is used to determine the characteristic temperature (Tchar) of the electrospray source prior to the thermalization region and to confirm efficient thermalization.
Abstract TP100: PGE2 EP1-4 Receptor Expression Levels After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Young, Aged, and EP1 Deficient Mice

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most severe form of stroke and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Neuroinflammation significantly contributes to ICH-induced brain injury and upr...
Incorporation of Light Field Photography into an Online Anatomy Resource Does Not Influence Student Quiz Performance or Perceptions of Usability

Although numerous online resources for gross anatomy are available, most feature two-dimensional photographs generated by traditional cameras. To determine whether the incorporation of light field photographs (images with an adjustable focal point) into an online anatomy resource would result in improved learning beyond traditional photographs, two online learning modules on the gross anatomy of the orbit were created. The modules were identical in content except for the type of photography used (traditional = control; light field = experimental). Students were randomly assigned into two groups and viewed one of the two learning modules. Pre- and post-quizzes comprised of a mixture of questions involving a low and high degree (rated by experienced faculty) of spatial difficulty were administered. A survey was distributed to assess student evaluations of the module. Students (N = 49; 26 control, 23 experimental) demonstrated increased quiz scores from pre- (control = 34.6 ± 15.6%, experimental = 24.3 ± 16.5%) to post-quizzes (control = 77.3 ± 20.7%, experimental = 71.3 ± 17.9%, P<0.001), but to a similar extent between photography types (+42.7 and +47.0%, P = 0.495, respectively). Greater improvements were seen for quiz questions with a high degree of difficulty (+50.2%) than for low degree of difficulty (+39.2%; P = 0.044), but to similar extents for both photography types (P = 0.125). Regardless of which module was used, students reported the module as well organized and easy to learn from and they would recommend it to their peers. The inclusion of light field photography conferred no additional benefit compared to traditional photography.
Synthesis and antitumor studies of N4-substituted thiosemicarbazones derived from acyl diazines

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 566 Very recently we described the synthesis and antitumor properties of N4-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) derived from acyl diazines (Easmon, J, et. al. J . Med . Chem . 2001, 44 , 2164-2171). Although the compounds were potent antiproliferative agents, only a moderate inhibition of tumor growth (40%) was observed accompanied by high in vivo toxicity. In a continued effort to obtain more efficacious compounds, we have synthesized TSC-derivatives bearing N4-methyl and cycloaliphatic moieties. The cytotoxic activities of the TSCs were evaluated in a panel of human tumor cell lines by the MTT assay. TSCs bearing terminal cycloaliphatic amines and especially a pyrrolidine moiety exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against Burkitt's lymphoma Ca 46 (IC50 = 0.002-0.59 μM), HeLa cervical (IC50 = 0.0003-0.057 μM), and Colon HT-29 (IC50 = 0.0005-0.47 μM) cells. Several of the highly active TSCs were tested in viv o in CD1 nude mice bearing various tumor xenografts. The compound Hexahydro-1 H -azepine-1-thiocarboxylic acid 2-[1-(3-methyl-2-pyrazinyl)ethylidene}hydrazide (EPH 280) applied at doses of 20-25 mg/kg in mice bearing H460 human lung carcinoma xenograft resulted in a 70% reduction in tumor burden. Treatment of DLD1 colon adenocarcinoma cells with 40 nM of EPH 280 resulted in the increase of the phosphorylation of HSP 27 which was determined to occur at the ser-82 site. Financial support by the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) is generally acknowledged (project no. P 09879-MED).
Inversion velocity analysis in the subsurface-offset domain

ABSTRACTOptimization-based migration velocity analysis updates long-wavelength velocity information by minimizing an objective function that measures the violation of a focusing criterion, applied ...
Lutetium functionalities supported by a sterically encumbered β-diketiminate ligand

Abstract The sterically encumbered NacNac ligand, [HC(MeCNAr)2]− (Ar = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3), was investigated as a platform for supporting Lu-halide complexes, sought for their potential capability of being further converted into hydrocarbyl derivatives via metathetical chemistries with alkali metal alkyls. These substituted analogs were targeted as potentially viable candidates for alkane elimination chemistries, with an eye towards the formation of an isolable Lu-alkylidene fragment.
Hidden Leadership in Small Special Libraries

“The Specialist” addresses the administration of special libraries, however, identifying the administrator of a small special library is problematic. In these small libraries within organizations, ...
National Imaging Trends after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Purpose: Followup imaging after percutaneous nephrolithotomy serves to detect postoperative complications, residual fragments and silent hydronephrosis. However, the timing and optimal imaging modality remain poorly defined. We describe imaging use patterns after percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Materials and Methods: In the MarketScan® database we identified patients 17 to 64 years old who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy between 2007 and 2014. Imaging modalities were identified by CPT, and ICD-9 and 10 codes, and tracked for 1 year after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. The modalities included computerized tomography, renal ultrasound, abdominal x-ray and intravenous pyelogram. Cumulative longitudinal use patterns were characterized and the association with demographic factors was assessed by the chi-square test.Results: Of the 6,495 patients included in analysis 29% and 15% had undergone no postoperative imaging by 3 and 12 months, respectively. While abdominal x-ray was the most common modality at 3, 6...
MicroRNA signatures discriminate between uterine and ovarian serous carcinomas

Synchronous endometrial and ovarian malignancies occur in 5% of women presenting with endometrial cancer and 10% of patients presenting with ovarian malignancy. When a high-grade serous carcinoma concurrently involves both ovary and endometrium, pathological determination of whether they are synchronous primaries or metastatic tumors from one primary site can be challenging. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are 22-nucleotide noncoding RNAs that are aberrantly expressed in cancer cells and may inherit their cellular lineage characteristics. We explored possible differential miRNA signatures that may separate high-grade ovarian serous carcinoma from primary endometrial serous carcinoma. Forty-seven samples of histologically pure high-grade serous carcinoma of both uterine (16 case) and ovarian primaries (31 cases) were included. Expression of 384 mature miRNAs was analyzed using ABI TaqMan Low-Density Arrays technology. A random forest model was used to identify miRNAs that together could differentiate between uterine and ovarian serous carcinomas. Among 150 miRNAs detectable at various levels in the study cases, a panel of 11-miRNA signatures was identified to significantly discriminate between ovarian and uterine serous carcinoma (P < .05). A nested cross-validated convergent forest plot using 6 of the 11 miRNA signature was eventually established to classify the tumors with 91.5% accuracy. In conclusion, we have characterized a miRNA signature panel in this exploratory study that shows significant discriminatory power in separating primary ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma from its endometrial counterpart.
Reminiscence as Continuity: Comparison of Young and Older Adults

This study empirically investigates key propositions of a continuity theory approach to reminiscence. According to continuity theory, individuals seek familiarity in the face of uncertainty or impending change, which can accompany the aging process. The reminiscence behavior of young (n = 43) and older (n = 47) adults was compared to ascertain whether significant differences would emerge between the two populations concerning how often they reminisce and their use of reminiscence during transitional periods. Also of interest were differences in potential links between the content of reminiscence episodes and postreminiscence affect. Young adults in this sample reminisced significantly more frequently than older adults and were more likely to reminisce during times of change than were older adults. In addition, there was a direct relationship between the content of reminiscence episodes and postreminiscence affect, with older adults reporting greater emotional satisfaction after recalling the past than did younger adults. Findings lend support to continuity theory: Reminiscence occurs throughout the life span and should not be conceptualized as occurring most frequently in old age.
The Role of Tear Deposits on Hydrogel Contact Lenses Induced Bacterial Keratitis:Pseudomonas aeruginosa Abhesives

Bacterial keratitis is a devastating acute ocular disease that is increasing being found in association with contact lens wear.1, 2 The extended overnight wear of hydrogel contact lenses is thought to be a major risk factor for ulcerative keratitis among contact lens wearers.3, 4 Corneal hypoxia and accumulation of carbon dioxide are complications of all extended-wear hydrogel contact lenses.5 It has been shown that these effects and the tear exchange barrier effect of a hydrogel lens on the cornea surface can alter the physiology and morphology of the cornea, compromising its integrity and health.6
Renal Endometriosis: The Case of an Endometrial Implant Mimicking a Renal Mass.

Abstract Background: Endometriosis is a multifactorial benign disorder characterized by the abnormal presence of endometrial tissue in an extraendometrial site. Although extrapelvic endometriosis i...
HIV Infection, HCV Coinfection, and Alcohol Use: Associations with Microbial Translocation and Immune Activation.

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and heavy drinking independently promote microbial translocation and inflammation. However, it is not known how alcohol use may affect these processes in people living with HIV (PLWH). This study tested the hypothesis that alcohol exacerbates innate immune dysfunction in PLWH. METHODS Participants were 75 PLWH and 34 uninfected controls. Groups were recruited to have similar proportions of nondrinkers, moderate drinkers, and heavy drinkers. Substance use data and plasma samples were collected at up to 3 visits over a 5-year study period. Recent alcohol use was assessed with the Timeline Followback Interview. Biomarkers of microbial translocation (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and immune activation (lipopolysaccharide binding protein, LBP; soluble CD14, sCD14; soluble CD163, sCD163) were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Analyses tested 2 hypotheses: (i) that biomarker levels would be significantly higher in PLWH than controls with comparable alcohol use and (ii) that current alcohol use would exacerbate biomarker elevations in PLWH. The second analysis included the interaction of alcohol use with hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection. RESULTS Groups were matched on alcohol use, smoking, and other drug use. All biomarkers were significantly higher in PLWH relative to controls (LBP: p = 0.005; LPS: p = 0.014; sCD14: p < 0.001; sCD163: p < 0.001). In PLWH, alcohol use showed a significant, positive association with sCD163, but not with other biomarkers. However, the interaction of alcohol use with HCV coinfection was significant for all biomarkers (LBP: p = 0.002; LPS: p = 0.026; sCD14: p = 0.0004; sCD163: p = 0.001). In pairwise tests with sequential Bonferroni correction, HIV/HCV coinfected individuals who drank heavily had significantly higher sCD163 compared to coinfected nondrinkers and to HIV monoinfected nondrinkers, moderate drinkers, and heavy drinkers (ps < 0.005). Coinfected moderate drinkers had significantly higher sCD163 than each monoinfected group (ps < 0.003). In addition, sCD14 was significantly higher in coinfected moderate drinkers than coinfected nondrinkers (p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS As predicted, PLWH had higher levels of LBP, LPS, sCD14, and sCD163 than uninfected individuals with similar alcohol use. In PLWH, alcohol by itself was significantly associated only with higher sCD163. However, heavy or moderate alcohol use was associated with elevations in macrophage activation (sCD163) and monocyte activation (sCD14) in HIV/HCV coinfected individuals.
Hepatic artery stenosis angioplasty and implantation of Wingspan neurovascular stent: A case report and discussion of stenting in tortuous vessels

Hepatic artery stenosis angioplasty and implantation of Wingspan neurovascular stent: A case report and discussion of stenting in tortuous vessels
Beginning to offer drinking water at birth increases the species richness and the abundance of Faecalibacterium and Bifidobacterium in the gut of preweaned dairy calves.

ABSTRACT We previously demonstrated that dairy calves having access to drinking water since birth (W0) achieved greater body weight, fiber digestibility, and feed efficiency than those that first received drinking water at 17 d of age (W17). Since gut microbiota composition could be linked to growth and development of animals, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of offering drinking water to newborn calves on composition of bacteria in the gut using a fecal microbiota analysis. Fresh feces were collected directly from the rectum of calves in W0 (n = 14) and W17 (n = 15) at 2, 6, and 10 wk of age. All of the calves were fed pasteurized waste milk, weaned at 7 wk of age, and offered tap water according to the treatment. The DNA was sequenced using 16S rRNA gene-amplicon sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq system (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). The sequences were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTU) with a 99% similarity threshold. Treatment effects on α-diversity indices and relative abundance of the 10 most abundant genera were analyzed using GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Statistical significance (q-value) of treatment effects on the 50 most abundant OTU was determined with a false discovery rate analysis. At 2 wk of age, W0 had a greater number of observed OTU (5,908 vs. 4,698) and species richness (Chao 1 index) than W17. The number of OTU and richness indices increased from wk 2 to 6, but the increment of W17 was greater than that of W0. The Shannon and inverse-Simpson indices increased linearly with age, but no difference was observed between W0 and W17 at any time point. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratios were also similar at every time point but decreased markedly when calves were weaned. The relative abundance of genera Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides was greater in W0 than W17 at 2 wk of age. The genus Faecalibacterium continued to be more abundant in W0 than W17 at 6 wk of age but had similar abundance 3 wk after weaning (10 wk of age). The abundance of Faecalibacterium at wk 6 was positively correlated with apparent total-tract digestibility of acid detergent fiber at 10 wk of age. Calves receiving water since birth had greater abundance of OTU related to Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Bifidobacterium breve at 6 wk of age (q 0.100). Overall, beginning to offer drinking water at birth has a potential to modulate gut microbiota composition and thereby positively affect performance of young dairy heifer calves (≤10 wk of age).
MANAGEMENT OF A FISTULA BETWEEN THE LEFT CIRCUMFLEX CORONARY ARTERY AND CORONARY SINUS IN UNSTABLE ANGINA

Coronary artery fistulization is a very rare finding with reports of incidence in the general population being approximately 0.002% and only 7% of those cases having drainage into the coronary sinus. As left to right shunting worsens, patients often present with heart failure and coronary artery
Trivial to nontrivial topology transition in rare-earth pnictides with epitaxial strain

The combination of magnetotransport and topological properties has brought great attention to rare-earth monopnictides semimetals. For some of them, like LaSb, it is unclear whether they show nontrivial topology or not based on density functional theory calculations and angular resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements. Here we use hybrid density functional theory to demonstrate that LaSb is in fact a trivial topological semimetal, in agreement with experiments, but on the verge of a transition to a topological phase. We show that under compressive epitaxial strain, the La $d$ band crosses the Sb $p$ band near the $Z$ point in the Brillouin zone, stabilizing a topologically nontrivial phase, opening unique opportunities to probe the inter-relation between magnetotransport properties and the effects of band topology by examining epitaxially strained and unstrained thin films of the same material.
Influence of crowding on hydrophobic hydration-shell structure

The influence of molecular crowding on water structure, and the associated crossover behavior, is quantified using Raman multivariate curve resolution (Raman-MCR) hydration-shell vibrational spectroscopy of aqueous tert-butyl alcohol, 2-butyl alcohol and 2-butoxyethanol solutions of variable concentration and temperature. Changes in the hydration-shell OH stretch band shape and mean frequency are used to identify the temperature at which the hydration-shell crosses over from a more ordered to less ordered structure, relative to pure water. The influence of crowding on the crossover is found to depend on solute size and shape in a way that is correlated with the corresponding infinitely dilute hydration-shell structure (and the corresponding first hydration-shell spectra are invariably very similar to pure water). Analysis of the results using a Muller-like two-state equilibrium between more ordered and less ordered hydration-shell structures implies that crossover temperature changes are dictated primarily by enthalpic stabilization of the more ordered hydration-shell structures.
Measuring success: Explications and measurement scales of instructing information and adjusting information

Abstract Substantial research exists to study reputation management messages but far less research exists to consider instructing information and adjusting information during and after a crisis. This research seeks to build tools that assist in the study of base crisis responses. Using a literature review, 18 interviews with people with expertise in public relations, and an experiment with 286 participants recruited from mTurk, this research builds scales that assess the quality of instructing information and adjusting information given during a crisis. The resulting scales are found to be reliable and predict significant change in post-crisis reputation in an initial test. Potential uses of these scales for crisis communication scholars and public relations practitioners are discussed.
Talking “like a race”: Gender, authority, and articulate speech in African American students’ marking speech acts

This study examines how 9- to 13-year old African American students in a Washington, D.C. after-school program use an African American discourse practice called marking to voice adults performing acts of discipline. Using audio-recorded data collected during nine months of ethnographic fieldwork, it shows how students used marking to resemiotize the prestige value of African American Language (AAL) relative to so-called “standard” American English, which is imagined in relation to whiteness as an objectively correct set of linguistic practices. As part of an intersectional raciolinguistic perspective, this study foregrounds how students recruit gender stereotypes to challenge hegemonic ideas about racial and linguistic difference. It also attends to the contradictory nature of everyday acts of resistance: while students transformed hegemonic raciolinguistic ideologies of “articulate” and “appropriate” language in the after school space, they relied on racial and gender stereotypes in order to do so.
Queue-aware QoE-based Rate and Power Adaptation Over Underlay Cognitive Radio Networks: Cross-Layer Design

Designing a resource allocation technique for a cognitive radio network (CRN) adopting underlay dynamic spectrum access (DSA), requires a cross-layer approach for an acceptable quality of experience (QoE) in view of having differentiated quality-of-service (QoS) classes of traffic. This paper focuses on heterogeneous traffic management in underlay CRNs, where the transmission parameters are optimized to not only satisfy the interference constraint of the primary link but meet the delay requirement of the video traffic. The paper develops a deep reinforcement learning-based resource allocation technique which significantly lowers the queuing delay at the data link layer and maximizes the network average end-to-end mean opinion score (MOS). Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed cross-layer technique over a single-layer approach. The cross-layer technique effectively changes the transmission parameters in accordance with the delay requirement of the video traffic and the underlay DSA interference constraint without compromising the MOS.
Applying Privacy-Aware Policies in IoT Devices Using Privacy Metrics

In recent years, user's privacy has become an important aspect in the development of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. However, there has been comparatively little research so far that aims to understanding user's privacy in connection with IoT. Many users are worried about protecting their personal information, which may be gathered by IoT devices. In this paper, we present a new method for applying the user's preferences within the privacy-aware policies in IoT devices. Users can prioritize a set of extendable privacy policies based on their preferences. This is achieved by assigning weights to these policies to form ranking criteria. A privacy-aware index is then calculated based on these ranking. In addition, IoT devices can be clustered based on their privacy-aware index value. In this paper, we present a new method for applying the user's preferences within the privacy-aware policies in IoT devices. Users can prioritize a set of extendable privacy policies based on their preferences. This is achieved by assigning weights to these policies to form ranking criteria. A privacy-aware index is then calculated based on these ranking. In addition, IoT devices can be clustered based on their privacy-aware index value.
Correlations between X-Ray Spectral and Timing Characteristics in Cygnus X-2

Correlations between the quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) and the spectral power-law index have been reported for a number of black hole candidate sources and for four neutron star (NS) sources, 4U 0614+09, 4U 1608-52, 4U 1728-34, and Sco X-1. An examination of QPO frequencies and index relationship in Cyg X-2 is reported herein. The RXTE spectrum of Cyg X-2 can be adequately represented by a simple two-component model of Compton upscattering with a soft photon electron temperature of about 0.7 keV and an iron K line. Inferred spectral power-law index shows correlation with the low QPO frequencies. We find that the Thomson optical depth of the Compton cloud (CC) τ, in framework of spherical geometry, is in the range of ~4-6, which is consistent with the surface of the neutron star (NS) being obscured. The NS high-frequency pulsations are presumably suppressed as a result of photon scattering off CC electrons because of such high values of τ. We also point out a number of similarities in terms of timing (presence of low- and high-frequency QPOs) and spectral (high CC optical depth and low CC plasma temperature) appearances between Cyg X-2 and Sco X-1.
Schrödinger Approach to Optimal Control of Large-Size Populations

Large-size populations consisting of a continuum of identical and noncooperative agents with stochastic dynamics are useful in modeling various biological and engineered systems. This article addresses the stochastic control problem of designing optimal state-feedback controllers that guarantee the closed-loop stability of the stationary density of such agents with nonlinear Langevin dynamics, under the action of their individual steady-state controls. We represent the corresponding coupled forward–backward partial differential equations as decoupled Schrodinger equations, by applying two variable transforms. Spectral properties of the linear Schrodinger operator that underlie the stability analysis are used to obtain explicit control design constraints. Our interpretation of the Schrodinger potential as the cost function of a closely related optimal control problem motivates a quadrature based algorithm to compute the finite-time optimal control.
Students’ Approaches to Studying through a Situative Lens

Background: Over the last 50 years, education researchers have sought to relate students’ approaches to learning with the depth of understanding that results, leading to the characterization of individual students as deep learners or surface learners. Treating approaches as an individual characteristic places blame on students labeled as surface learners and leads to missed opportunities by instructors to change the way those students orient towards learning. Purpose: Alternatively, we characterize students’ tacit operations that may be oriented towards rote learning or conceptual learning in terms of the collective activity of learning in school as produced by an object-oriented, tool-mediated activity system. Design/Method: Using a thematic analysis, we investigated the situated written self-reflections of 180 junior-level engineering students. We identified themes and categories of the experiences in the activity system they described that influence their rote and conceptual learning operations. Results: The types of assignments and assessments students complete are the most frequent element cited in prompting them to activate either rote or conceptual learning operations, and must be considered in conjunction with student-centered classroom practices in order for the latter to be effective at encouraging conceptual operations. Elements of the educational system, including the importance of grades and time constraints, formed a more interconnected network than those in the conceptual learning network and encouraged rote learning operations. While these responses were less numerous, students used strong language associated with despair and inevitability. Conclusions: Instructors and administrators should consider holistically their program’s activity system in order to encourage students’ adoption of conceptual learning operations rather than focusing on changing isolated elements of the system.
A Novel Muscle Cramp Scale for Patients with ALS (S54.006)

Objective: To develop a new muscle cramp scale. Background: Clinical trials in the past have utilized a cramp diary that details the number, location, and severity of muscle cramps. Design/Methods: We have developed an outcome measure to assess muscle cramps in ALS, which contains four 5-point subdomains consisting of 1) cramp-triggering factors, 2) frequency, 3) location, 4) severity, and a 5) 10-point visual scale assessing the degree in which the cramp affects overall daily living. Results: Thirty patients with ALS, who experienced a daily cramp or at least 3 cramps per week, participated in a test-retest study. An additional 26 patients participated in a second study assessing changes over 4 weeks using the cramp scale in conjunction with a cramp diary. To assess the internal reliability of the scale, a Cronbach’s coefficient value of α=0.75 was considered acceptable. Test and retest by in-person and telephone administration did not differ, and Cohen’s kappa statistics revealed moderate to high agreement for each item (range 0.60 to 0.95, P Conclusions: This study showed that the ALS muscle cramp scale is a valid, simple, and quick measure that can be administered either in person or by telephone. It can be used for assessment of muscle cramps in patients with ALS. Disclosure: Dr. Mitsumoto has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Mitsubishi-Tanabe Pharma. Dr. Mitsumoto has received research support from Tsumura & Co, Cytokinetics. Dr. Gilmore has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chiuzan has received research support from Tsumura & Co. Dr. Ibagon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zhang has nothing to disclose. Dr. McHale has nothing to disclose. Dr. Likanje has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hupf has nothing to disclose.
Urinary arsenic and heart disease mortality in NHANES 2003-2014

Background: Evidence evaluating the association between low- to moderate- inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure and heart disease (HD) mortality in the general US population is limited. We evaluated the...
SU-E-T-490: Independent Three-Dimensional (3D) Dose Verification of VMAT/SBRT Using EPID and Cloud Computing

Purpose: Dosimetric verification of VMAT/SBRT is currently performed on one or two planes in a phantom with either film or array detectors. A robust and easy-to-use 3D dosimetric tool has been sought since the advent of conformal radiation therapy. Here we present such a strategy for independent 3D VMAT/SBRT plan verification system by a combined use of EPID and cloud-based Monte Carlo (MC) dose calculation. Methods: The 3D dosimetric verification proceeds in two steps. First, the plan was delivered with a high resolution portable EPID mounted on the gantry, and the EPID-captured gantry-angle-resolved VMAT/SBRT field images were converted into fluence by using the EPID pixel response function derived from MC simulations. The fluence was resampled and used as the input for an in-house developed Amazon cloud-based MC software to reconstruct the 3D dose distribution. The accuracy of the developed 3D dosimetric tool was assessed using a Delta4 phantom with various field sizes (square, circular, rectangular, and irregular MLC fields) and different patient cases. The method was applied to validate VMAT/SBRT plans using WFF and FFF photon beams (Varian TrueBeam STX). Results: It was found that the proposed method yielded results consistent with the Delta4 measurements. For points on the two detector planes, a good agreement within 1.5% were found for all the testing fields. Patient VMAT/SBRT plan studies revealed similar level of accuracy: an average γ-index passing rate of 99.2± 0.6% (3mm/3%), 97.4± 2.4% (2mm/2%), and 72.6± 8.4 % ( 1mm/1%). Conclusion: A valuable 3D dosimetric verification strategy has been developed for VMAT/SBRT plan validation. The technique provides a viable solution for a number of intractable dosimetry problems, such as small fields and plans with high dose gradient.
Microbial Degradation of Corrinoids VI. Reduction of Hydroxocobalamin by Cell-free Particles from Pseudomonas rubescens

Abstract Cell-free particles from Pseudomonas rubescens have been shown to reduce hydroxocobalamin to vitamin B12r. The particles are unable to reduce the B12r to B12s. The reduction of hydroxocobalamin is dependent upon reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and is stimulated by flavin adenine dinucleotide. Cobinamide and diaquocobinamide were reduced at 25 and 10%, respectively, of the rate of hydroxocobalamin. Cyanocobalamin, coenzyme B12, pseudovitamin B12, and diaquopseudocobalamin were not reduced. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and flavin mononucleotide were not active. Diaphorase and xanthine oxidase activity were not present in the particulate fraction.