cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alfalfa Crop Responses to Feeding by the Meadow Spittlebug (Homoptera: Cercopidae)

A 2-year study investigated the response of alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., to feeding by Philaenus Spumarius (L.) on the first cutting. Subsequent cuttings also were monitored for possible carryover effects. The effect of applying an insecticide at two stages in the development of the nymphal populations (peak 2nd instar, peak 4th instar) was investigated in the second year. A gradient of nymphal populations was established each spring by infesting caged alfalfa with ovipositing adults the previous September. In both years, nymphal feeding reduced stem length, stem weight, and yield on the first harvest. Delayed plant maturity and a higher proportion of leaf to stem tissue also were associated with nymphal feeding. Damaged alfalfa had a higher percent crude protein content, yet no changes in dry-matter digestibility were observed. No yield reductions resulted on subsequent cuttings either year. The second year, significant effects at harvest were prevented by applying an insecticide at the peak 2nd-instar stage of development. However, populations allowed to feed until the peak 4th-instar stage, before control was applied, caused signtficant height reductions and increased crude protein percentages but no significant yield reductions.
Differential eyelid conditioning as a function of the probability of reinforcement of the conditioned stimuli

Differential eyelid conditioning was investigated with different schedules of reinforcement of CSI and CS2. The reinforcement schedules employed were 100%-0%, 80%-0%, 100%-20%, and 80%-20%. Significant differentiation occurred in all groups. With the reinforcement schedule to CSI constant at 100%, increasing the reinforcement schedule from 0% to 20% resulted in a decrease in responding to CSI. With reinforcement schedule of CS2 constant at 0%, decreasing the reinforcement schedule of CSI from 100% to 80% resulted in increased responding to CS2. A stimulus generalization interpretation was offered.
Fault tolerant inertial navigation system

This paper describes the sensor redundancy management concept employed in a fault tolerant inertial reference system built by Honeywell's Commercial Flight Systems Minneapolis Operation to be flight tested in 1988. vided. No attempt was made to use state of the art packaging. Existing circuits were used wherever feasible, and low voltage power is provided using external commercial power supplies. The hexad IRU is shown in figurel. The concept uses a sensor hexad and employs separate fault detection and isolation (FDI) algorithms for navigation computations and outputs to the flight control system. The flight control FDI employs large thresholds and short time constants consistent with flight control requirements. In order to achieve the low detection levels required to maintain navigation accuracy, the navigation FDI employs heavy filtering, low thresholds, Kalman filtering to correct the parity residuals for sensor misalignment and scale factor errors, and dynamic parity gains to minimize the effects of maneuvers. Two redundant nav solutions using sub-optimal sensor sets are also included to reset the primary solution after failures. The FDI algorithm implementation is based on the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) that has been the subject of several papers in recent years. Enhancements to the failure isolation logic virtually eliminate the probabilities of false detection and wrong isolation inherent with the basic GLRT concept, thus making the GLRT scheme practical in the real world of high reliability requirements.
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor: I: A Histopathologic Study of 39 Cases with Emphasis on Unusual Histological Patterns

The clinical and histological features of 39 cases of desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) diagnosed at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center are presented. Thirty-two of the patients were men and seven were women ranging in age from 10 to 41 years (mean, 25 years). Twenty-five of the 35 patients for whom follow-up information was available died of widespread metastases 8 to 50 months (mean, 25.2 months) from the time of their diagnosis and the remaining 10 were alive with disease. With the exception of two cases that occurred in the liver and in the scrotum, respectively, all of the cases originated within the abdominal and/or pelvic peritoneum. Eight tumors also involved the retroperitoneum. Although the characteristic histologic pattern of "small, blue cells" embedded in a dense fibrous stroma was seen in most cases, about one third of the tumors exhibited a wide range of morphologic features. The recognition of these uncommon morphologic variants of DSRCT is of paramount importance to avoid a misdiagnosis because these tumors could potentially be confused with other neoplastic conditions.
Cleanliness is next to godliness: mechanisms for staying clean

Getting dirty is a fundamental problem, and one for which there are few solutions, especially across the enormous range of animal size. How do both a honeybee and a squirrel get clean? In this Review, we discuss two broad types of cleaning, considered from the viewpoint of energetics. Non-renewable cleaning strategies rely upon the organism as an energy source. Examples include grooming motions, wet-dog shaking or the secretion of chemicals. Renewable cleaning strategies depend on environmental sources of energy, such as the use of eyelashes to redirect incoming wind and so reduce deposition onto the eye. Both strategies take advantage of body hair to facilitate cleaning, and honeybees and squirrels, for example, each have around 3 million hairs. This hair mat increases the area on which particles can land by a factor of 100, but also suspends particles above the body, reducing their adhesion and facilitating removal. We hope that the strategies outlined here will inspire energy-efficient cleaning strategies in synthetic systems.
Insulin does not stimulate muscle protein synthesis during increased plasma branched-chain amino acids alone but still decreases whole body proteolysis in humans.

Insulin stimulates muscle protein synthesis when the levels of total amino acids, or at least the essential amino acids, are at or above their postabsorptive concentrations. Among the essential ami...
Cloud Ubuntu for Windows Users

As you saw in the last chapter, using the cloud does not always allow for using Windows. This is not entirely true; Windows can certainly be utilized in the cloud. However, this tends to approximately double the cost in high-performance environments, making it impractical for some occasions. Additionally, it is not impossible to use the Ubuntu environment, and many of the same skills advanced R users have translate readily. All in all, using Ubuntu as your server instance operating system is not difficult with a little guidance to get started.
Review Article: Physician Burnout in Urology

Abstract Introduction Physician burnout is highly prevalent and impacts the quality of health care in the United States. Methods The existing literature on physician burnout was reviewed with a focus on burnout among surgeons. Results Although burnout has not been specifically studied in urologists, many other groups of surgeons have been assessed for burnout. Women and physicians experiencing work/home conflicts seem to be at increased risk for burnout. As the need for urologists increases with an aging patient population and improved access to health care, physician burnout threatens to impact the number of practicing urologists. This issue is especially concerning as the number of women in urology increases because female physicians experience more burnout than their male counterparts. Conclusions The incidence of burnout in practicing urologists needs to be further studied. While several strategies have been proposed to alleviate physician burnout, additional work is needed to mitigate the risk of burnout.
RIP140 in monocytes/macrophages regulates osteoclast differentiation and bone homeostasis

Osteolytic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, are characterized by diminished bone quality and increased fracture risk. The therapeutic challenge remains to maintain bone homeostasis with a balance between osteoclast-mediated resorption and osteoblast-mediated formation. Osteoclasts are formed by the fusion of monocyte/macrophage-derived precursors. Here we report, to our knowledge for the first time, that receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) expression in osteoclast precursors and its protein regulation are crucial for osteoclast differentiation, activity, and coupled bone formation. In mice, monocyte/macrophage-specific knockdown of RIP140 (mϕRIP140KD) resulted in a cancellous osteopenic phenotype with significantly increased bone resorption and reduced bone formation. Osteoclast precursors isolated from mϕRIP140KD mice had significantly increased differentiation potential. Furthermore, conditioned media from mϕRIP140KD primary osteoclast cultures significantly suppressed osteoblast differentiation. This suppressive activity was effectively and rapidly terminated by specific Syk-stimulated RIP140 protein degradation. Mechanistic analysis revealed that RIP140 functions primarily by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation through forming a transcription-suppressor complex with testicular receptor 4 (TR4) to repress osteoclastogenic genes. These data reveal that monocyte/macrophage RIP140/TR4 complexes may serve as a critical transcription regulatory complex maintaining homeostasis of osteoclast differentiation, activity, and coupling with osteoblast formation. Accordingly, we propose a potentially novel therapeutic strategy, specifically targeting osteoclast precursor RIP140 protein in osteolytic bone diseases.
Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor: Evaluation of Topical Formulations in a Diabetic Mouse Wound Healing Model

The efficacy of topical formulations of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) in healing of full-thickness wounds has been studied in a diabetic db + /db+ mouse model. The effect of several formulation variables, dose, and application frequency was examined. It was found that wound healing in diabetic animals treated with aFGF or placebo was slower than in their nondiabetic littermates. The availability of aFGF from the viscous vehicle employed in this study (1% hydroxyethyl cellulose) was demonstrated in vitro using diffusion cells. The viscous formulation of aFGF was equally effective in wound healing as a nonviscous formulation in phosphate-buffered saline. A formulation containing heparin (necessary for full biological and conformational stability of aFGF) at a mass ratio of 3:1 to aFGF was more efficacious than formulations with lower heparin: aFGF ratios. Wounds treated with three doses of 3.0 µg/cm2 aFGF healed faster than those treated with a single dose of 3.0 µg/cm2 aFGF. Three applications of 3.0 or 0.6 µg/cm2 aFGF were equally effective in accelerating wound healing.
A Novel Pathogen Capturing Device for Removal and Detection

A simple technique that employs an antibody coated polydimethylsiloxane tube is used for effective capturing of bloodborne and foodborne pathogens. By recirculating the entire sample through the antibody coated tube, accumulation of target pathogens is achieved, thereby delivering a higher concentration of pathogens in a small volume. The described method can provide an effective and economical solution to microbiology techniques that rely on enrichment, thereby expediting diagnostics. Using this method 80.3 ± 5.6% of Staphylococcus aureus with a starting concentration of ~107 CFU/mL and 95.4 ± 1.0% of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with starting concentration of ~104 CFU/mL were removed from 5 mL blood in a few hours. This concept was extended to live rats with an induced bloodstream S. aureus infection. A reduction of two orders of magnitude in the bacterial load of the rats was observed within a few hours. The same technique was used to capture a food pathogen, Salmonella typhimurium, with starting concentrations as low as ~100 CFU, from 100 or 250 mL of culture broth within similar timeframes as above. The feasibility for food pathogen testing applications was additionally confirmed by capturing and detecting S. typhimurium in ground chicken and ground beef.
Ordinary Interactions Challenge Proposals That Maternal Verbal Responses Shape Infant Vocal Development.

Purpose This study tested proposals that maternal verbal responses shape infant vocal development, proposals based in part on evidence that infants modified their vocalizations to match mothers' ex...
When Patients Say, "It's in God's Hands.".

An awareness of one’s own beliefs and worldview is necessary for honoring and respecting the beliefs and illness behaviors of one’s patients. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Proton stripping to 6(-) stretched states of 26Al.

The ( ,t) stripping reaction on SVMg was used to measure the f/sub 7/2/ proton spectroscopic factors for the 4 ;T = 0 (5.39 MeV), 6 ;0 (6.89 and 7.53 MeV), and 6 ;1 (9.26, 11.97, 12.40, and 12.55 MeV) states of SWAl. The T = 1 levels were identified with the aid of their analogs known in SWMg by inelastic electron scattering. Only 31% of the single particle strength is found for the two 6 ;0 levels and only 59% is found for five 6 ;1 levels. The lowest 6 ;1 state has more than twice the spectroscopic factor of any of the others. Further 6 candidate states are also examined.
Visual Motion Perception

The brain carries out complementary motion integration and segmentation processes to compute unambiguous global motion percepts from ambiguous local motion signals. When, for example, an animal runs at variable speeds behind forest cover, the forest is an occluder that creates apertures through which fragments of the animal's motion signals are intermittently experienced. The brain groups these fragments into a trackable percept of the animal and its trajectory. Form and motion processes are needed to accomplish this using feedforward and feedback interactions both within and across cortical processing streams. All the cortical areas V1, V2, MT, and MST are involved in these interactions. Figure-ground processes in the stream form through V2, such as the separation of occluding boundaries of the forest cover from boundaries of the animal, select the motion signals, which determine global object motion percepts in the motion stream through MT. Sparse, but unambiguous, feature tracking signals are amplified before they propagate across position and either select consistent motion signals, or are integrated with far more numerous ambiguous motion signals. Figure-ground and integration processes together determine the global percept. A neural model is used to clarify and organize many perceptual and brain data about form and motion interactions, including data about motion grouping across apertures in response to a wide variety of displays, and probabilistic decision-making in parietal cortex in response to random dot displays.
Wireless sensors and networks for structural health monitoring of civil infrastructure systems

This chapter describes the development of low-cost wireless sensors for monitoring civil infrastructure systems. The historical development of wireless sensor hardware and software design is described in detail. The embedded data processing algorithms that allow wireless sensors to locally process raw structural response data are presented. To illustrate the utility of wireless structural monitoring systems, a variety of field studies are presented including instrumentation upon complex bridges and buildings. The chapter concludes with more recent work in integrating wireless sensors within feedback control systems for the seismic protection of civil structures.
Disentangling Coupling Effects in the Infrared Spectra of Liquid Water

A quantitative characterization of intermolecular and intramolecular couplings that modulate the OH-stretch vibrational band in liquid water has so far remained elusive. Here, we take up this challenge by combining the centroid molecular dynamics formalism, which accounts for nuclear quantum effects, with the MB-pol potential energy function, which accurately reproduces the properties of water across all phases, to model the infrared (IR) spectra of various isotopic water solutions with different levels of vibrational couplings, including those that cannot be probed experimentally. Analysis of the different IR OH-stretch line shapes provides direct evidence for the partially quantum-mechanical nature of hydrogen bonds in liquid water, which is emphasized by synergistic effects associated with intermolecular coupling and many-body electrostatic interactions. Furthermore, we quantitatively demonstrate that intramolecular coupling, which results in Fermi resonances due to the mixing between HOH-bend overtones and OH-stretch fundamentals, is responsible for the shoulder located at ∼3250 cm-1 of the IR OH-stretch band of liquid water.
Deep Learning Models for PET Scatter Estimations

Projection data acquired from a positron emission tomography (PET) scanner consist of true, scattered and random events. Scattered events can cause severe artifacts and quantitation errors in reconstructed PET images unless corrected for properly. A scatter correction algorithm is required to predict scattered events from the measurement. Scatter correction requires estimation of both single scatter and multiple scatter profiles. Usually, single scatter profiles are calculated by modelbased simulation and multiple scatter profiles are estimated by a kernel-based convolution method. However, design of the convolution kernels for multiple scatter estimation is sophisticated and requires fine parameter tuning. In this work, we adopt deep learning techniques for scatter estimation. We propose two convolutional neural networks. The first network estimates multiple scatter profiles from single scatter profiles, replacing the kernel-based convolution method. The second network is designed to predict the total scatter profiles (including single and multiple scatters) directly from the input of emission and attenuation sinograms. Initial results from both networks show a promise with the potential for more accurate and faster scatter correction for PET.
Ciclosporin Therapy After Infliximab Failure in Hospitalized Patients With Acute Severe Colitis is Effective and Safe

Background and aims Options for medical management of patients with acute severe colitis [ASC] failing intravenous (i.v.) steroids are limited and include rescue therapy with either infliximab or ciclosporin. In patients failing infliximab, second-line rescue therapy with ciclosporin is an alternative. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of ciclosporin in patients with steroid-refractory ASC failing first-line rescue therapy with infliximab. Methods This is a retrospective, tertiary centre study undertaken from 2010 to 2017. Included were patients hospitalized for ASC and treated with i.v. ciclosporin after failing i.v. steroids and infliximab within the previous 2 months. Time to colectomy, clinical response, and occurrence of adverse events were analysed. Results Forty patients with steroid-resistant ASC were included. Patients were followed for a median of 13 months (interquartile range [IQR] 5-32 months). Colectomy-free survival was 65%, 59.4%, and 41.8% at 1 month, 3 months and 1 year, respectively. Sixty percent of patients [24/40] achieved clinical remission at a median of 2 weeks [IQR 1-3 weeks]. Infliximab levels before ciclosporin infusion were available for 26 patients [median level 17.5 mg/mL, IQR 8-34 mg/mL] and were not associated with adverse events. Sixteen patients [40%] experienced adverse events after ciclosporin treatment, but none resulted in drug discontinuation. Conclusions In patients with i.v. steroid-refractory ASC who failed infliximab therapy, second-line rescue therapy with ciclosporin was shown to be effective and safe. This is the largest patient cohort to receive ciclosporin as second-line rescue therapy for ASC. We believe that ciclosporin may be offered to selected patients prior to referral for colectomy.
Anisotropic manganese antimonide nanoparticle formation by solution–solid–solid growth mechanism: consequence of sodium borohydride addition towards reduced surface oxidation and enhanced magnetic moment

A new approach to the solution-phase synthesis of manganese antimonide nanoparticles was developed to reduce competitive oxide formation by exploitation of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) (0.53-2.64 mmol) as a sacrificial reductant. However, in the presence of near-stoichiometric precursor amounts of manganese carbonyl and triphenyl antimony, the introduction of NaBH4 results in a different growth mechanism, Solution-Solid-Solid (SSS), leading to tadpole-shaped manganese antimonide nanoparticles with antimony-rich heads and stoichiometric manganese antimonide tails. We hypothesize that a solid antimony-rich manganese antimonide cluster acts as an initiator to tail growth in solution. Notably, the length of the tail correlated with the amount of NaBH4 used. Interestingly, these anisotropic particles can be transformed progressively into spherical-shaped nanoparticles upon the addition of excess manganese carbonyl. The anisotropic manganese antimonide particles possess saturation magnetizations ca. twenty times higher than that reported for MnSb nanoparticles prepared without NaBH4, attributed to limitation of oxidation.
Hierarchical-Coassembly-Enabled 3D-Printing of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Covalent Organic Frameworks

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline polymers with permanent porosity. They are usually synthesized as micrometer-sized powders or two-dimensional thin films and membranes for applications in molecular storage, separation, and catalysis. In this work, we report a general method to integrate COFs with imine or β-ketoenamine linkages into three-dimensional (3D)-printing materials. A 3D-printing template, Pluronic F127, was introduced to coassemble with imine polymers in an aqueous environment. By limitation of the degree of imine polycondensation during COF formation, the amorphous imine polymer and F127 form coassembled 3D-printable hydrogels with suitable shear thinning and rapid self-healing properties. After the removal of F127 followed by an amorphous-to-crystalline transformation, three β-ketoenamine- and imine-based COFs were fabricated into 3D monoliths possessing high crystallinity, hierarchical pores with high surface areas, good structural integrity, and robust mechanical stability. Moreover, when multiple COF precursor inks were employed for 3D printing, heterogeneous dual-component COF monoliths were fabricated with high spatial precision. This method not only enables the development of COFs with sophisticated 3D macrostructure but also facilitates the heterogeneous integration of COFs into devices with interconnected interfaces at the molecular level.
Access to voluntary running wheel exercise: Prevention of anxiety-like behavior in chronically stressed rats, but potentiation of ethanol intake/preference.

Abstract The current study tested the effect of voluntary running on future anxiety-like behavior, physiological response to stress, and ethanol intake/preference, while including a chronically stressed group and healthy group housed conspecifics. When given concurrently, voluntary running reduces ethanol intake, though it is unknown what effect voluntary running will have on anxiety-like behavior, corticosterone response to stress, and ethanol intake/preference when exercise is allowed only prior to ethanol access. Adolescent male Long Evans rats arrived in the lab at postnatal day (PND) 21. At PND 27, rats were either socially isolated (SI; n = 1/cage) or group housed (GH; n = 4/cage). Half of each group was allowed access to a running wheel for 30 min for 24 days from PND 35–66, and half of each group was not allowed access to a running wheel. After the housing/running procedure, we tested anxiety-like behavior using the elevated plus maze and stress responsivity by measuring corticosterone (CORT) levels before and after a swim stressor; then, rats were allowed intermittent access to ethanol in two-bottle choice design for four weeks. In accord with our hypothesis, running reduced anxiety-like behavior in SI runners compared to non-runners. Swim stress increased CORT levels but there was no difference in the response among groups. In regard to ethanol intake and preference, running (irrespective of housing group) increased intake at the 30 min time point and preference at the 24 h time point. Altogether, these data show that access to voluntary exercise was successful in reducing anxiety-like behavior, but withdrawal of exercise access appeared to enhance ethanol intake/preference. We suggest that these data reflect hedonic substitution.
Orthorhombic Inverse Perovskitic Ba3TtO (Tt = Ge, Si) as Zintl Phases

The isotypic title compounds are obtained in high yield from the reactions of Ba, BaO, and Ge (Si) in welded Ta containers slowly cooled from 1100 °C. The structure of Ba3GeO was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (orthorhombic symmetry; Pnma (No. 62); a = 7.591(1), b = 10.728(1), c = 7.551(1) A; Z = 4; R = 0.058, Rw = 0.065 for 780 reflections (I > 3σ(I)) with 2θmax = 60°)). The structure consists of slightly deformed OBa6 octahedra that are tilted by £ 14° with respect to their positions in the ideal inverse perovskite structure. These distortions optimize eight of the original twelve equal Ba–Ge distances. The ideal cubic Ca3SiO (a = 4.699(1) A) has also been synthesized. Orthorhombische inverse Perowskite BaTtO (Tt = Ge, Si) als Zintl-Phasen Die isotypen inversen Perowskite BaTtO (Tt = Ge, Si) wurden in hohen Ausbeuten durch Reaktion von Ba, BaO und Ge (Si) beim langsamen Abkuhlen von 1100 °C in verschweisten Ta-Ampullen erhalten. Die Struktur von Ba3GeO wurde aus Einkristalldaten bestimmt (orthorhombisch; Pnma (Nr. 62), a = 7,591(1), b = 10,728(1), c = 7,551(1) A, Z = 4, R = 0,058, Rw = 0,065 fur 780 Reflexe (I > 3σ(I) mit 2θmax = 60°). Die Struktur besteht aus leicht verzerrten OBa6-Oktaedern, die in bezug auf ihre Lagen in der idealen inversen Perowskit-Struktur um £ 14° verkantet sind. Diese Verzerrungen optimieren acht der ursprunglich zwolf gleichen Abstande Ba–Ge. Das ideal-kubische Ca3SiO (a = 4,699(1) A) wurde ebenfalls synthetisiert.
Pneumopericardium in the neonate: a case report:

A term infant with cardiorespiratory failure treated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation developed pneumopericardium with cardiac tamponade while on the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit. The patient was converted to veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and managed conservatively with spontaneous resolution of the air leak.
Flipping Out! Utilizing an Online Micro-lecture for Asynchronous Learning Within the Acting Internship.

The acting (Sub)internship (AI) provides fourth-year medical students the opportunity to gain essential clinical experience, making it challenging to develop an effective curriculum without detracting from clinical time. This flipped classroom, asynchronous learning curriculum utilized a short online video, called a micro-lecture, to teach one to two key concepts, associated with online case-based questions. Over one academic year, 96% (64/67) of internal medicine AI students at our institution completed the online questions. The majority of students selected the single best response for both questions and preferred this online micro-lecture format over traditional methods.
Patterns and drivers of atmospheric river precipitation and hydrologic impacts across the western United States

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) significantly influence precipitation and hydrologic variability in many areas of the world, including the western United States. As ARs are increasingly recognized...
Efficacy of Methods of Training Teachers in Behavior Modification

Seventeen studies were reviewed which addressed the efficacy of specific procedures for training teachers in behavior modification. Didactic training alone was found to be an ineffective method of ...
Resistance and the Dub Griot: Four Linton Kwesi Johnson Poems, Policing, and Social Unrest

Linton Kwesi Johnson’s poetry chronicles the major turns in Caribbean diaspora and national history, making him an oral historian of his times, a griot of London’s Caribbean diaspora. To illustrate, this essay focuses on four of Johnson’s poems from the late 1970s and early 1980s as texts of postcolonial social critique situated within the former colonial metropole, markers on a timeline of Caribbean diaspora and Black British history, and acts of resistance in and of themselves. The poems are emblematic of Johnson’s career-long criticism of institutional state-sponsored racism in a postcolonial poetic form—dub poetry—that resists hierarchies of poetic taste and the dominance of the English language.
Acrotona pilosicollis (Brundin, 1952) (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) – description of female and notes on biology

Acrotona pilosicollis (Brundin, 1952) is a poorly known staphylinid species. Only two records exist from NE Europe after it was described in 1952. Here we report 97 individuals caught in pitfall traps in a dry meadow in eastern Finland in 2017. The species is similar to A. exigua (Erichson, 1837) but may be distinguished both on genital and external characters. The diagnostic spermatheca of the previously unknown female is described. On the basis of the new finds in Finland, A. pilosicollis is considered to be a stenotypic species of dry xerothermic meadows.
Measuring individual masses of binary white dwarfs with space-based gravitational-wave interferometers

Unlike gravitational waves from merging black holes and neutron stars that chirp significantly over the observational period of ground-based detectors, gravitational waves from binary white dwarfs are almost monochromatic. This makes it extremely challenging to measure their individual masses. Here, we take a novel approach of using finite-size effects and applying certain universal relations to measure individual masses of binary white dwarfs using LISA. We found quasi-universal relations among the mass, moment of inertia, and tidal deformability of a white dwarf that do not depend sensitively on the white dwarf composition. These relations allow us to rewrite the moments of inertia and tidal deformabilities in the waveform in terms of the masses. We then carried out a Fisher analysis to estimate how accurately one can measure the individual masses from the chirp mass and finite-size measurements. We found that the individual white dwarf masses can be measured with LISA for a 4-year observation if the initial frequency is high enough ($\sim 0.02$Hz) and either the binary separation is small ($\sim 1$kpc) or the masses are relatively large $(m \gtrsim 0.8M_\odot)$. This opens a new possibility of measuring individual masses of binary white dwarfs with space-based interferometers.
Their Equinox: Mesopotamian Conceptions of Solstices and Equinoxes

This article gathers together evidence from various written sources dating from the early second millennium BC to the late first millennium BC for the way in which the solstices and equinoxes were conceived by scholars in ancient Mesopotamia. I argue that the primary definition of the solstice and equinoxes was through the length of day and night: the solstices were the days on which the day was the longest or shortest and the equinoxes were those days when day and night were of the same length. A secondary definition of the solstices was as the days on which the sun rose at its most northerly or southerly point on the horizon; there does not seem to have been a similar definition of the equinoxes referring to the sun rising due east or setting due west.
I Will Get Myself Vaccinated for Others: The Interplay of Message Frame, Reference Point, and Perceived Risk on Intention for COVID-19 Vaccine.

The purpose of this study is to seek an effective strategy to promote COVID-19 vaccination among young adults. Given that COVID-19 is less deadly for young adults, this study explores whether highl...
Digital Strategies to Improve Food Assistance in Disasters: A Scoping Review.

OBJECTIVE Modern digital strategies, including Internet of Things, machine learning, and mobile applications, have revolutionized situational awareness during disaster management. Despite their importance, no review of digital strategies to support emergency food security efforts has been conducted. This scoping review fills that gap. METHODS Keywords were defined within the concepts of food assistance, digital technology, and disasters. After the database searches, PRISMA guidelines were followed to perform a partnered, 2-round scoping literature review. RESULTS The search identified 3201 articles, and 26 articles met criteria and were included in the analysis. The data types used to describe the tools were text/opinion (42.3%), qualitative (23.1%), system architecture (19.2%), quantitative and qualitative (11.5 %), and quantitative (3.8%). The tools' main functions were Resource Allocation (41.7%), Data Collection and Management (33%), Interagency Communications (15.4 %), Beneficiary Communications (11.5%), and Fundraising (7.7%). The platforms used to achieve these goals were Mobile Application (36%), Internet of Things (20%), Website (20%), and Mobile Survey (8%); 92% covered the disaster response phase. CONCLUSIONS Digital tools for planning, situational awareness, client choice, and recovery are needed to support emergency food assistance, but there is a lack of these tools and research on their effectiveness across all disaster phases.
Bisphenol A (BPA) stimulates the interferon signaling and activates the inflammasome activity in myeloid cells

Environmental factors contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which exhibits a strong female bias (female-to-male ratio 9:1). However, the molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Because a feedforward loop between the female sex hormone estrogen (E2) and type I interferon (IFN-α/β)-signaling induces the expression of certain p200-family proteins (such as murine p202 and human IFI16) that regulate innate immune responses and modify lupus susceptibility, we investigated whether treatment of myeloid cells with bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental estrogen, could regulate the p200-family proteins and activate innate immune responses. We found that treatment of murine bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with BPA induced the expression of ERα and IFN-β, activated the IFN-signaling, and stimulated the expression of the p202 and IFI16 proteins. Further, the treatment increased levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome and stimulated its activity. Accordingly, BPA-treatment of BMCs from non lupus-prone C57BL/6 and the lupus-prone (NZB × NZW)F1 mice activated the type I IFN-signaling, induced the expression of p202, and activated an inflammasome activity. Our study demonstrates that BPA-induced signaling in the murine and human myeloid cells stimulates the type I IFN-signaling that results in an induction of the p202 and IFI16 innate immune sensors for the cytosolic DNA and activates an inflammasome activity. These observations provide novel molecular insights into the role of environmental BPA exposures in potentiating the development of certain autoimmune diseases such as SLE.
Strategic Transformation in Public Health: In the Case of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Current public health debate centers on the content and extent of health problems, appropriate solutions, and acceptable practices. This essay describes and analyzes how a number of countries are answering these questions using an emerging conceptual framework of organizational change. Special attention is paid to the recent strategic transformation of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This process of organizational change used extensive deliberation among stakeholders over the organization's goals, and based on these goals, implemented a novel matrix structure for increased effectiveness. However, this essay reveals a number of short-term costs associated with this form of organizational goal setting and change.
d-wave duality and its reflections in high-temperature superconductors

There are two major theories regarding the normal state of a high-temperature superconductor: that the ‘pseudogap’ state is either a disordered superconductor or a distinct and competing phase. But could it be both?
Höhere Integration und Funktionsanreicherung bei Innenbeleuchtung mit LED-Technik

Licht emittierende Dioden (LED) sind attraktiv fuer den Einsatz in der automobilen Lichttechnik. Insbesondere bei der Innenbeleuchtung wuerde das Ersetzen von Gluehlampen durch LED den Strombedarf und damit auch den Kraftstoffverbrauch senken. Die Verwendung von LED erfordert jedoch einen anderen Entwicklungsprozess fuer die Beleuchtung. Dies betrifft unter anderem die optische Qualitaet von LED-Anwendungen, das Waermemanagement, die zu beruecksichtigenden sicherheitsbezogenen und ergonomischen Aspekte sowie die intelligente Vernetzung der LEDs. Zu den aktuellen Loesungen gehoeren neue Streulinsen und die beruehrungslose Bedienung von Leuchten.
Lymphoid polyps (focal lymphoid hyperplasia) of the colon in children

Lymphoid polyps (focal lymphoid hyperplasia) of the colon are rare in children. These lesions are benign, but must be differentiated from malignant lymphomas. Grasp biopsies of the lesion are inadequate for this purpose and the polyp should be submitted in toto for pathologic examination. No treatment other than local excision is warranted. Two cases are presented and the literature is reviewed.
Video steganalysis for digital forensics investigation

Increasing use of steganography in espionage and exfiltration of company secrets means that it is important to find ways to detect such activity. Because the amount of data being transferred is also growing, channels that can hide larger amounts of data are going to become increasingly attractive. This research will focus on detecting hidden data in one such medium, namely MPEG video.
Reproductive prints as aesthetic surrogates

Reproductive prints allow us to engage with the aesthetic/artistic character of the pictures that are their sources. But prints clearly differ from their sources in various striking ways. How, then, are they able to make engagement possible? I consider various answers. Most treat prints as acting as surrogates for the source: in sharing its aesthetic properties, in resembling it in overall aesthetic character, in being aesthetically transparent to it, or in allowing us to imagine its aesthetic character in sufficiently rich detail. Others do not appeal to surrogacy: the idea that prints testify to the character of their sources, or that they are pictorial variations on them. Each answer faces difficulties, from general principles governing the aesthetic and artistic, or from the facts about reproductive prints and our interactions with them. Those difficulties may not be insuperable, but they have yet to be overcome. Until solutions are worked out, prints pose a puzzle, one that generalizes to other apparent aesthetic surrogates.
Rapid precision interferometry for the analytical ultracentrifuge. III. Determination of period of rotation, frequency of rotation, and elapsed time.

Abstract The approaches presented in this series of papers make possible rapid gathering, reduction, and analysis of data from the Rayleigh interference optical system of an analytical ultracentrifuge. Instrumentation described in this paper provides some of the timing and measurement circuits necessary for a microprocessor or minicomputer to determine the rotor frequency, rotor period, and elapsed time of an experiment. It includes simple but effective circuits to generate precise rotor timing pulses that are useful for synchronization of pulsed light sources. Circuits to control photographic operations in the ultracentrifuge are described briefly. All of these circuits are interfaced to a simple microcomputer address/data bus. An adapter between this bus and a Q-bus (for a DEC LSI - 11 2 or LSI 11 23 microcomputer) is also described. The circuits presented have been used in this laboratory over a 3-year period. They have proven reliable and form an integral part of the real-time data acquisition systems that have been constructed.
Small Sample Failure of Random Assignment

When small samples of participants are randomly assigned to experimental conditions, it is not usual for the resulting groups to be unequal in their distributions of individual differences (e.g., some groups having more men than women). The resulting correlation between individual-difference variables and treatment makes it possible for individual differences to masquerade as treatment effects. The conditions under which erroneous inferences are most likely to occur, however, either are rare (e.g., very high correlations between the confounding variable and the outcome) or involve samples so small that the resulting low power prevents the biased effect from being statistically significant. Furthermore, any bias is random and cancels across studies. When confounding variables are likely, it is better to control them more aggressively (e.g., with matched random assignment) and to include them explicitly in the statistical analyses so their effects can be separated from those due to treatment. Keywords: data analysis in psychology; experimental design; statistical methods in psychology; confound; correlation; meta-analysis; methodology; quasi-experimental design; statistical power
Doctors Who Perform Operations. A Study on In-Hospital Surgery in Four Diverse Geographic Areas (Second of Two Parts)

The generous supply of surgeons in the United States stimulated a study of their operative work based on all operations performed by all physicians in hospitals of four geographic areas. Each operation was assigned a California Relative Value to permit work-load comparisons between specialties and practices. General practitioners constituted more than one quarter of physicians who performed operations but accounted for less than one tenth of total work. Surgical specialists, about half the physicians in the study, performed about 80 per cent of total operative work. Work loads of surgical specialists varied by certification, specialty, age and practice organization status. We conclude that far too many physicians perform surgical operations and that work loads of surgical specialists are modest. Calculations involving reallocation of operative work loads suggest that the total volume of operations in this study could have been handled by a substantially smaller cadre of busier surgical specialists.
Measuring and improving designer hazard recognition skill: Critical competency to enable prevention through design

Abstract The construction industry has long accounted for one of the highest injury and fatality rates of any single-service industry. Within the construction industry, a promising technique is construction hazard prevention through design (CHPtD). Logically, CHPtD is only effective to the extent that construction hazards have emerged and are recognizable during the design phase. The objectives of this study were to measure: (1) the extent that construction hazards are apparent or recognizable during design; (2) the hazard recognition skill of designers; and (3) the extent to which hazard recognition skill can be improved in design through training and mnemonics. A multi-phase experiment was designed to identify 12 representative construction modules; observe the construction of these modules and conduct interviews to determine hazards present; obtain the design documents for the modules observed; and assess the ability of 17 designers to identify the hazards using only design documents. The results of the experiment indicated that approximately 25% of all hazards are latent in design and, of those hazards that are patent, the average designer hazard recognition skill was 51%. Further, the hazard recognition skill of designers with construction field experience was, on average, 45% higher than designers with no construction field experience ( p = 0.02). Finally, a brief introduction to the Haddon energy mnemonic increased designer’s hazard recognition skill by an average of 27% ( p = 0.001). Future research is suggested to determine the potential impact of emerging technologies on hazard recognition skill including three-dimensional printing and virtual design and construction software.
α-Particle Emitters in Radioimmunotherapy: New and Welcome Challenges to Medical Internal Dosimetry

Over the past decade, there has been progressively stronger interest in the use of α-particle emitters for radioimmunotherapy ([1–6][1]). With proper localization of the labeled antibody, the high linear energy transfer of α-particles provides a correspondingly high probability of mitotic cell
Boranes in Functionalization of Olefins to Amines: 3-Pinanamine

Boranes in functionalization of olefins to amines: 3-pinanamine product: 3-Pinanamine (3) reactant: 27.25 g. (0.2004 mole) of (±)-α-pinene reactant: 15.6 g. (0.110 mole) of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate intermediate: Di-3-pinanylborane (2) intermediate: Hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (1) (24.9 g., 0.220 mole) in 100 ml. of diglyme Keywords: addition, to CC; amination, miscellaneous; replacement reactions, halogen by oxygen; assay methods, for hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid; boron trifluoride etherate; diglyme; (+)-di-3-pinanylborane; hydrogen, fire hazard
Conservation Planning for Offsetting the Impacts of Development: A Case Study of Biodiversity and Renewable Energy in the Mojave Desert

Balancing society’s competing needs of development and conservation requires careful consideration of tradeoffs. Renewable energy development and biodiversity conservation are often considered beneficial environmental goals. The direct footprint and disturbance of renewable energy, however, can displace species’ habitat and negatively impact populations and natural communities if sited without ecological consideration. Offsets have emerged as a potentially useful tool to mitigate residual impacts after trying to avoid, minimize, or restore affected sites. Yet the problem of efficiently designing a set of offset sites becomes increasingly complex where many species or many sites are involved. Spatial conservation prioritization tools are designed to handle this problem, but have seen little application to offset siting and analysis. To address this need we designed an offset siting support tool for the Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan (DRECP) of California, and present a case study of hypothetical impacts from solar development in the Western Mojave subsection. We compare two offset scenarios designed to mitigate a hypothetical 15,331 ha derived from proposed utility-scale solar energy development (USSED) projects. The first scenario prioritizes offsets based precisely on impacted features, while the second scenario offsets impacts to maximize biodiversity conservation gains in the region. The two methods only agree on 28% of their prioritized sites and differ in meeting species-specific offset goals. Differences between the two scenarios highlight the importance of clearly specifying choices and priorities for offset siting and mitigation in general. Similarly, the effects of background climate and land use change may lessen the durability or effectiveness of offsets if not considered. Our offset siting support tool was designed specifically for the DRECP area, but with minor code modification could work well in other offset analyses, and could provide continuing support for a potentially innovative mitigation solution to environmental impacts.