cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sonority-driven stress and vowel reduction in Uyghur

A number of authors have argued that sonority differences among vowels may interact with weight-sensitive stress placement (e.g. Kenstowicz 1994, 1997; de Lacy 2006). In previous work on sonority-sensitivity, variable stress placement has usually been assumed. In this paper, I examine the role of sonority in Uyghur, a language with fixed stress. I argue that sonority is encoded as a weight distinction in the language, which drives asymmetric lengthening of word-final high vowels. I demonstrate that a mora-based analysis also offers insight into medial vowel raising in the language, and sketch out an Optimality theoretic account of the data. Findings from this study support the recent claim made by Shih & de Lacy (2019) that sonority differences are only indirectly available to the grammar in the form of weight distinctions.
Symptomatic Multiple Cerebral Lesions

A 70-year-old white woman presented with progressive weakness in her lower left extremity and mental confusion. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a hemorrhagic mass in the right frontal lobe. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed three additional cerebral lesions which resembled metastases or infarcts. A metastatic work-up was otherwise negative. The patient’s symptoms improved somewhat on Decadron.
Impact of yield stress and fractal characteristics on the flow of Bingham fluid through fracture network

Abstract Flow process of a fluid with yield stress in fractured reservoirs is important in petroleum recovery. In this study, a new approach is proposed to study the combined effect of Bingham fluid properties and fractal characteristics on the flow of a Bingham fluid through a fractal fracture network. Both the aperture and trace length of fractures are distributed according to the power-law fractal distribution with distinct fractal dimensions. The relative effect on the flowrate of Bingham fluid in the network by the Bingham fluid properties and fractal characteristics compared to the Newtonian counterpart is examined. The results demonstrate that the flowrate of Bingham fluid through the network increases quickly with the pressure head gradient since large fractures are first activated which are responsible to quickly increase the Bingham fluid flowrate. The flowrate ratio of the Bingham fluid over Newtonian fluid decreases with the fractal dimension of aperture since the Bingham fluid flowrate decreases with increasing fractal dimension at a faster rate than the Newtonian fluid. A larger ratio of minimum over maximum apertures in the fractal network results in a larger flowrate ratio of the Bingham fluid over Newtonian fluid. The trace length fractal parameters do not affect the flowrate ratio of the Bingham fluid over the Newtonian fluid due to the fact that these parameters affect the actual flowrate for both types of fluid to the same extent.
Michael Addition with an Olefinic Pyridine: Organometallic Nucleophiles and Carbon Electrophiles

The conjugate addition reactions of trans-1,2-di(2-pyridyl)ethylene have been studied. This substrate reacts with organolithium nucleophiles, and the resulting anionic intermediates may be trapped ...
Ovarian cancer risk in Lynch syndrome: it's time to individualise.

Our understanding of cancer risks associated with Lynch syndrome (LS) has evolved since Dr. Warthin first identified family G in 1913. The current study by Ryan et al provides insight into provider and patient knowledge about gynecologic cancer care options in LS and found that counseling, surveillance, and risk reduction (RR) for these patients vary widely across providers in the UK (BJOG 2020 xxxx). The current study highlights two important points regarding care in LS.
Drought severity, disturbance intensity and wood density of dominant and rare tree species in Brazilian seasonally dry semideciduous forests

Abstract Wood density is one of the main functional traits affecting demographic rates of tropical trees. However, little is known about how this translates into abundance of trees in local assemblages. I hypothesized that: (1) higher wood density would generally result in better adaptation to prevailing environmental conditions in seasonally dry semideciduous forests, which would translate into numerical dominance of denser-wood species; (2 and 3, respectively) as drought severity and disturbance intensity increase, the performance of individuals of denser-wood species would drop, so that the numerical dominance of those species would decline. A community-level functional measure (ΔMWD) was used to access the role played by wood density in shaping numerical dominance in assemblages. I obtained the value of ΔMWD for 30 local assemblages by computing the difference between wood density mean value of two species groups in each assemblage: dominant and rare. The proportion of ΔMWD positive values was significantly greater than 0.5, thus supporting hypothesis 1. This finding may be explained by the possible ability of denser-wood species to continue growing under drought conditions due to greater resistance to drought-induced cavitation of vessels associated with higher wood density. Pearson correlation coefficients between ΔMWD and drought severity and between ΔMWD and disturbance intensity were negative and statistically significant, supporting hypotheses 2 and 3, respectively. Also supporting these hypotheses, Glm fitting showed that drought severity and disturbance intensity had significant negative effects on ΔMWD; and the median values of ΔMWD of the subsets of assemblages showing higher levels of drought severity and disturbance intensity were significantly smaller than that of their respective counterparts. These findings may be explained by shifts of adaptive advantages from denser-wood drought tolerant strategists to softer-wood drought avoidance strategists, and from denser-wood resource conservative strategists to softer-wood resource acquisitive strategists, as drought severity and disturbance intensity increase, respectively.
Why the Poor Vote in Dominant-Party Systems: Community Carrots and SocialSticks

In dominant-party states, why do individuals vote in elections with foregone conclusions? It is especially curious in these cases why the poor — who are often ignored or marginalized by the state — decide to cast their ballots. I posit that communities that collectively rely on the government for public services foster social norms of voting to influence turnout. Motivated by the perception that regimes reward high turnout areas with public goods, communities use esteem “carrots” and social “sticks” to overcome free-rider incentives and increase the likelihood of receiving services. Individuals who rely on their community for non-material goods, such as information and kinship ties, are most likely to vote. Social norms of voting are stronger in communities that are more dependent on government services. Findings from a lab-in-the-field voting experiment in rural Tanzania indicate the existence of a social norm of voting. In the experiment, respondents are 11 to 13 percentage points more likely to vote in the presence of their peers, compared to when they are in private. The theory, which applies broadly to many patronage-based regimes, demonstrates how communities sustain social norms of voting even where elections lack legitimacy and explains the paradox of high turnout in dominant-party systems.
Henry J. Richardson III: A Critical Race Man

This article, part of the festschrift celebrating Henry J. Richardson III, honors both the scholarship and mentorship of Professor Richardson. The article first describes how my personal relationship with Professor Richardson extends to a young age, when my family spent time with Professor Richardson’s parents, Henry Jr. and Roselyn, both active in civil rights organizations. Professor Richardson’s career built on his parents accomplishments, influenced by the civil rights struggle and the Black Power movement, becoming a race man and a law professor who examines race concerns not only at the national but also transnational level. The article then uses the narrative technique from Critical Race Theory (“CRT”) to explore Professor Richardson’s contributions as a scholar of international law and CRT, but just as importantly as a mentor, through a conversation between Professor Mzee (“elder” or “wise one” in Swahili) and student Uhura Crenshaw.
Fragmentation of photovoltaic backsheets after accelerated weathering exposure

Abstract The backsheet of a photovoltaic (PV) module functions primarily to provide safe operation through electrical insulation and protect the interior from environmental exposure. For most applications, backsheets consist of opaque, but highly reflective, films that protect inner layers from degradation from ultraviolet (UV) light. Backsheets can fail if they delaminate or form cracks under strain. In a PV module, the maximum strains that can be applied are only on the order of a few percent. The greatest strains are likely to be highly localized around topographical features. Therefore, to assess the likelihood of a crack being initiated in a backsheet, we apply small amplitude strains to backsheet films under microscopic examination using a laser scanning confocal microscope. This allows us to monitor both the depth and density of cracks as well as the onset strain. Here we perform these measurements after exposure to UV light.
Abstract 17000: Quantifying Mitral Annular Calcification Using Echocardiography: Comparison to MAC Calcium Score From Gated Computed Tomography

Introduction: Mitral Annular Calcification (MAC) is present in 25-40% of people ≥ 60 years old and has associations with atrial fibrillation, stroke, endocarditis, mitral regurgitation, and mitral ...
Evaluation of Machine Learning-based Detection against Side-Channel Attacks on Autonomous Vehicle

Autonomous vehicles are becoming increasingly popular, but their reliance on computer systems to sense and operate in the physical world has introduced new security risks. Recent studies have shown that using Cache-based Side-Channel Attacks (SCAs) could infer sensitive users’ information (e.g., which route the user is taking) highlighting significant vulnerability posed to today’s computer systems. As a result, it is crucial to propose effective detection mechanisms against emerging microarchitectural SCAs on autonomous driving systems. In response, we first identify the threat model and victim applications of autonomous driving systems in this work. Next, we explore the suitability of various machine learning-based classifiers trained by information collected from built-in hardware performance counter registers available in modern autonomous vehicle systems. To this end, various supervised machine learning models are implemented for cache-based SCAs detection and precisely compared and characterized in terms of detection accuracy, robustness, and latency of the detection. Our experiments conducted on an Intel Xeon, which Waymo autonomous driving vendor uses, demonstrate that J48 achieves 99.5% accuracy with the highest efficiency compared with other investigated models.
Dynamic status signaling: How foodies signal cosmopolitanism on Yelp

Abstract Influenced by older work on high culture, researchers often look to the social closure that institutions can provide to explain how elites avoid having their status signaling overrun by imitators. In so doing our understanding of status signaling has been biased toward long-lasting social processes and relatively stable social situations, at the expense of more dynamic circumstances and behavior. This paper uses restaurant review data from Yelp to give evidence of dynamic status signals, constructed around rarity in real-time thanks to consumers’ perception of the market. Supported by this mechanism, these status signals that are fast to develop and fast to change indicate the need to enlarge our theories to accommodate more complex systems.
Private Genetic Genealogy Search

Genetic genealogy search has emerged as a powerful technique for identifying individuals by leveraging their genetic information and a genealogical network. The current practice relies on searching within a pre-constructed database containing genetic data from many individuals, and as such exposes those in the database to substantial privacy risks. Motivated by these privacy concerns, we propose a framework of genealogy search that takes into account the amount of privacy exposure. In contrast to the existing static approach of collecting a large amount of genetic data beforehand, we advocate for a new search paradigm whereby genetic samples are accessed in a sequential manner. Our results show that carefully designed sequential search procedures can significantly outperform existing static approaches in terms of the trade-off between cost and privacy exposure. We further characterize the optimal trade-off, and propose a family of search strategies that provably achieve the it over path- and grid-like networks. Finally, we validate our findings via numerical experiments on both real and synthetic genealogical networks and discuss the policy implications of our results.
Emerging approaches to improve allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation outcomes for non-malignant diseases.

Many congenital or acquired non-malignant diseases (NMD) of the hematopoietic system can be potentially cured by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) with varying types of donor grafts, degrees of HLA matching, and intensity of conditioning regimens. Unique features that distinguish the use of allogeneic HCT in this population include higher rates of graft failure, immune-mediated cytopenias, and the potential to achieve long-term disease-free survival in a mixed chimerism state. Additionally, in contrast to patients with hematologic malignancies, a priority is to completely avoid graft-versus-host disease in patients with NMD, as there is no theoretical beneficial graft-versus-leukemia effect that can accompany graft-versus-host responses. In this review, we discuss the current approach to each of these clinical issues and how emerging novel therapeutics hold promise to advance transplant care for patients with NMD.
Psychic Healing and Women: An Example from a Spiritualist-Metaphysical Church

Ten million Americans are involved in some way with psychic healing practices, yet biomedicine often neglects or ignores these alternative health care systems. This study describes a contemporaly example of psychic healing among middle-class white women as observed in a southwestern Spiritualist-metaphysical chapel. This work is placed in both historical and contemporary contexts. Alternative healing choices, specifically psychic-spiritual healing, may affect the autonomy and self-empowerment of women.
TE wave excitation and scattering by obstacles in guiding and surround regions of asymmetric planar dielectric waveguide

Scattering of bound surface waves by dielectric obstacles along planar dielectric waveguide is studied. An asymmetric planar dielectric waveguide is formed by the tri-layered substrate/film/cover environment, typical of integrated circuits for millimeter and optical wavelengths. An electric Green's function (believed new) is constructed for the TE field maintained in either the film or cover layers by currents immersed in those regions. Using a direct complex analysis approach, the Green's function is expanded in the discrete and continuous propagation spectrum components for the asymmetric planar waveguide. This electric Green's function is exploited to study scattering of TE surface waves by uniform dielectric discontinuity placed arbitrarily along the asymmetric waveguide. A polarization EFIE description of the discontinuity region is developed. Scattering coefficients are subsequently calculated in terms of the induced field. Method of moment (MOM) numerical solutions are implemented for slice discont...
Restricted Maximum Likelihood

Restricted maximum likelihood estimation (REML) aims to maximize likelihood over a restricted parameter space. In a general linear model with multivariate normal error distribution, REML leads to unbiased estimators. Transformation of the data enables the log- likelihood to be split so that variances are estimated from error contrasts. There is a connection with Bayesian methods. The method has been applied to a random-coefficients model for longitudinal data, and to situations where the parameters satisfy order restrictions. Keywords: general linear model; random effects; Bayesian; isotonic; unbiased
The PCAOB's role in audit conduct and conscience

Abstract The mission of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (referred to herein as the PCAOB or the Board) is to protect investors and further the public interest. In this article, the regulatory approach of the PCAOB is contrasted with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in the context of the “capture” and “public interest” models of regulatory behavior. After the WorldCom fraud, Congress could have stripped the CPA profession of its auditing franchise, but it chose to take a less drastic measure. The independent public accountants retained their audit franchise, but with a new regulator to augment their conscience. The approach is consistent with the SEC strategy in that the auditor continues to fulfill an important role in the financial reporting supply chain. The article discusses the ways in which it appears that the drafters of SOX attempted to infuse the Board with the qualities that have made the SEC so successful. While SOX was prescriptive in many areas, it also imparted a significant degree of discretion to the Board. The article analyzes how the Board has used the discretion granted to it by SOX in ways that are either consistent or inconsistent with the SEC model. Although the PCAOB was structured very similarly to the SEC, the Board has exercised its discretion in ways that appear to deviate from the SEC strategy. The decision to name itself as the auditing standard-setter is an example of the departure from the SEC's own strategy.
Portal vein reconstruction in right lobe living-donor liver transplantation.

Orthotopic liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage liver disease in both children and adults. Functional vascular reconstruction is crucial to the longterm success of these procedures. Expeditious portal vein (PV) reconstruction is particularly important for graft survival because the completion of this anastamosis typically ends both the ischemic period for the donor liver, and the anhepatic period for the recipient. PV reconstruction can be exceedingly challenging in right lobe living-donor liver transplants (LDLTs) because donor anatomy often results in dual PV inlets entering the donor lobe. The reanastamosis of the recipient PV to these donor PV branches can compromise PV flow by inducing twisting or by requiring excessive stretching of the reconstructed PV as the graft rotates into the right upper quadrant. This low pressure system is easily obstructed, resulting in PV thrombosis (PVT). Many strategies have been used to facilitate PV reanastamosis. One of the most common techniques involves maximizing the length of recipient PV that is retained through use of the recipient PV bifurcation. Subsequent anastamosis of the recipient right and left PVs to donor segmental branches can then be performed to the respective orifices. Venoplasty techniques to optimize graft diameter have been described and can be remarkably beneficial in the pediatric population. If the length of the extrahepatic portions of the donor segmental veins is long enough, venoplasty can be used to generate a common orifice on the donor lobe for direct anastamosis to the recipient PV. Also, thrombosed or short recipient PVs can be bypassed through use of venous jump grafts. But in LDLTs a major limiting factor is the lack of excess venous tissue for PV reconstruction. Interposition grafts from the donor’s inferior mesenteric vein, saphenous, or ovarian vein have also been described for LDLT, but these procedures can increase both harvest time and donor morbidity. More recently, intraoperative stenting of the PV anastamosis has been effectively used to maintain tenuous PV flow in a series of left lobe LDLTs where the multiple PV inlets were reconstructed into a single orifice before anastamosis. This article describes our experience in reconstructing the PV anastamosis in right lobe LDLTs. Many of our donor lobes had two separate PVs entering the right lobe graft. In these cases, our initial attempts to maximize the recipient PV for direct anastamosis of the right and left recipient PVs to the donor segmental veins met with failure. More recently, we have reconstructed such PV systems using a venous Y-graft derived from the explanted liver. Through this use of this Y-graft technique, we were able to minimize operative time and maximize outcomes for both the donor and the recipient.
TAMING INTERPERSONAL CONFLICT IN STRATEGIC CHOICE:HOW TOP MANAGEMENT TEAMS ARGUE, BUT STILL GET ALONG

Conflict is commonplace in strategic decision-making. When that conflict is focused on substantive issues, it is enormously effective in improving the range of information considered, the depth of understanding, and the quality of the choice. But, when it becomes interpersonal such that negative emotions (eg anger, frustration, anxiety) take over, it can strangle the choice process. So, skillful decision-makers temper interpersonal conflict, even in the context of high substantive conflict. This chapter describes how they do it by exploring the management of interpersonal conflict. Using case studies, we find several tactics that contain interpersonal conflict: Keep conflict focused on issues (not people) through (1) factual data, and (2) multiple alternatives; maintain a collaborative (not competitive) frame with (3) common goals and (4) humor; and create a sense of fairness (not inequity) through (5) balanced power structures and (6) consensus with qualification. Finally, these tactics not only limit interpersonal conflict, but also work together and, unexpectedly, build substantive conflict, speed the process, and are associated with high performance.
Wavelet folding and decorrelation across the scale

The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) gives a compact multiscale representation of signals and provides a hierarchical structure for signal processing. It has been assumed the DWT can fairly well decorrelate real-world signals. However a residual dependency structure still remains between wavelet coefficients. It has been observed magnitudes of wavelet coefficients are highly correlated, both across the scale and at neighboring spatial locations. In this paper we present a wavelet folding technique, which folds wavelet coefficients across the scale and removes the across-the-scale dependence to a larger extent. It produces an even more compact signal representation and the energy is more concentrated in a few large coefficients. It has a great potential in applications such as image compression.
Functionally Orthogonal Ligand−Receptor Pairs for the Selective Regulation of Gene Expression Generated by Manipulation of Charged Residues at the Ligand−Receptor Interface of ERα and ERβ

The reengineering of protein-small molecule interfaces represents a powerful tool of chemical biology. For many applications it is necessary to engineer receptors so that they do not interact with ...
Inclusion of Rydberg orbitals in semiempirical calculations on excited states

Semiempirical methods, especially Zerner's INDO/S method, are well-established tools for theoretically investigating the low-lying valence excitations in large biologically important molecules. In recent years ab initio calculations have shown that low-lying excited states arise from both valence and Rydberg states. Using experience from ab initio calculations we explore whether Rydberg orbitals can be successfully added to semiempirical procedures. The procedure, implemented in Zerner's INDO/S method, consists of adding a shell of Rydberg orbitals at a single center on the molecule. New integral approximations are introduced to take into account that a Rydberg orbital has a much greater radial extent than the valence basis functions and allow mixing between the valence and Rydberg excited states. Parameters for the Rydberg orbitals are obtained by fitting to the experimental vertical excitation energies for ethylene and benzene while keeping the original valence orbital parameters fixed. The procedure is then evaluated by examining the vertical excitation energies computed for t-butadiene, all-trans hexatriene, cyclobutadiene, pyrrole, and furan. Overall we obtain encouraging results suggesting that Rydberg orbitals can realistically be treated by a semiempirical procedure. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Health behaviors, risk factors, and health indicators associated with cigarette use in Mexican Americans: results from the Hispanic HANES.

BACKGROUND: Cigarette smokers often engage in other, potentially deleterious, health behaviors. Such behaviors have not been well documented in Mexican American smokers. METHODS: Data from the Southwestern sample of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) were employed to investigate differences in health behaviors, risk factors and health indicators between cigarette smokers and nonsmokers among Mexican Americans. Differences between those smoking less than 10 and 10 or more cigarettes per day were also examined by age group and gender. RESULTS: Positive associations between smoking status and heavy coffee and alcohol consumption were found across gender and age groups. Less consistent was the finding that smokers weighed less than nonsmokers. Lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures in middle-aged smokers, and higher levels of depressive symptomatology among smoking women were found. Those smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day were more likely to report heavy coffee consumption...
KBP is essential for axonal structure, outgrowth and maintenance in zebrafish, providing insight into the cellular basis of Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome

Mutations in Kif1-binding protein/KIAA1279 (KBP) cause the devastating neurological disorder Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome (GSS) in humans. The cellular function of KBP and the basis of the symptoms of GSS, however, remain unclear. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a zebrafish kbp mutant. We show that kbp is required for axonal outgrowth and maintenance. In vivo time-lapse analysis of neuronal development shows that the speed of early axonal outgrowth is reduced in both the peripheral and central nervous systems in kbp mutants. Ultrastructural studies reveal that kbp mutants have disruption to axonal microtubules during outgrowth. These results together suggest that kbp is an important regulator of the microtubule dynamics that drive the forward propulsion of axons. At later stages, we observe that many affected axons degenerate. Ultrastructural analyses at these stages demonstrate mislocalization of axonal mitochondria and a reduction in axonal number in the peripheral, central and enteric nervous systems. We propose that kbp is an important regulator of axonal development and that axonal cytoskeletal defects underlie the nervous system defects in GSS.
Society for French Historical Studies

The Society for French Historical Studies met in Lexington, Kentucky, in March 1997 for its annual look at the state of scholarship in French history. As has been the case in recent years, labor was a marginal category in a conference increasingly devoted to cultural history. However, some of the more interesting work occurred at the intersection between histories of class and the new perspectives provided by scholarship on gender and the construction of identity. Participants in a panel on "Gender, Work, and Politics in the Longue Dur?e: The Shifting Boundaries of Women's Work" confronted why women's work was valued and remunerated at a rate less than the work of men. Traditional explanations attribute the discrepancy to the ways in which women have participated in production: Female workers lacked formal training or skills, and their work patterns were unstable or trun cated because of family obligations. Social scientists have improved upon such simplistic explanations with complex, well-researched monographs and more imaginative syntheses in the last two decades. Joan Scott, how ever, has challenged social historians to examine problems of causality more closely, suggesting the concept of gender as an analytical tool with which to assess long-term changes that are still understood largely as eco nomic phenomena. The three panelists responded to Scott's call by addressing how women challenged the constructed gender boundaries of women's work in France. Carol Coats examined the cultural assumptions shaping women's work and women's family roles during the sixteenth century. Comparing notarial records from the middle of the century to a set of records from 1610, she showed that widows saw the boundaries of their authority and autonomy increasingly constricted?a pattern supported by other local studies of widowhood during the period. Widows were increasingly denied access to traditional economic activities as well, such as hiring male appren tices. Clare Crowston assessed women's guild systems in Paris during the eighteenth century, examining how gender assumptions contributed to the ways in which they were created and regulated. Economic competition
Languages of Exile and Community in Dezső Kosztolányi's Esti Kornél Cycles

An avid translator, the poet, novelist, essayist and journalist, Dezső Kosztolanyi believed in linguistic relativism, the uniqueness of each language-created world view, and the impossibility of translation. Paradoxically, one of his main concerns was to express in fiction various encounters between individuals belonging to different linguistic and cultural communities, and to explore whether communication between them was at all possible. It is exactly this double bind—this status of finding oneself between two or more cultures and languages—that the Hungarian novelist explored in many of his works, particularly in his last fictional writings, the Esti Kornel cycles: Esti Kornel (1933) and Esti Kornel Kalandjai (The Adventures of Kornel Esti, 1936). Several of the Esti Kornel episodes are linguistic explorations of the encounter between “self” and “other,” when these two often belong to different cultural and linguistic communities. The result of estranging language during such encounters leads to a better understanding of language and the context that created it—just as, in translation, the loss and, therefore, the presence of the original’s linguistic form is most acutely felt and understood by the translator.
Barred basins: A model for eastern ocean basin carbonate platforms

Areally and volumetrically extensive carbonate platforms are conspicuously absent from most modern eastern ocean basins where surface circulation brings cool waters from high latitudes and atmospheric circulation induces coastal upwelling. Carbonate platforms fail to develop in such settings as a consequence of sea-surface temperature instability, nutrient excess resulting in high biotic surface productivity, and oxygen-depleted conditions associated with upwelling and oceanic surface circulation. In contrast to modern patterns, extensive Paleozoic carbonate platforms developed along the eastern boundary of the paleo-Pacific Ocean (western margin of North America). Tectonic and sedimentologic evidence suggests that marginal oceanographic barriers (island arcs, thrust belts, suspect terranes) existed during much of this interval. These barriers effectively protected landward carbonate platforms from the adverse conditions typical of open eastern ocean basins. Without these barriers such extensive platforms may not have developed. In regions that lack evidence for structurally or tectonically controlled highlands, the existence of eastern ocean basin carbonate platforms may serve as an important clue in paleogeographic reconstructions of the continental margin.
Entry of Four Tetracyclines into Saliva and Tears

Although meningococci are susceptible to the tetracyclines by testing in vitro, oxytetracycline (OC) and doxycycline (DC) have failed to eliminate carriage, whereas minocycline (MC) has been effective. Because these congeners differ in lipophilicity, they and tetracycline (TC) were studied in volunteers by assay of serum, saliva, and tears obtained after 5 days of treatment. OC and TC were undetectable or attained concentrations subinhibitory for meningococci in saliva and tears. The concentrations of MC in saliva and tears were equal to or greater than the average minimal inhibitory concentration as long as 12 h post-dose. Near inhibitory concentrations resulted with DC at 100 mg/day; yet, doubling the dose to 100 mg/12 h did not yield concentrations that exceeded the average minimal inhibitory concentration for meningococci. The previous reports of failure or meager entry of DC and MC into saliva probably reflected extraction of these drugs in the paraffin chewed by subjects to stimulate salivary flow. The efficiency of entry of the tetracyclines into the secretions of the noninflamed upper respiratory tract correlates with lipophilicity at physiological pH, enabling prediction of meningococcal chemoprophylactic efficacy.
Plasma-Free Corticosteroid Response to Electric Shock in Rats Stimulated in Infancy

Circulating corticosteroids were measured after a brief electric shock in rats which were manipulated during infancy. When compared to nonmanipulated controls it was found that the manipulated rats showed a significant elevation of corticosteroids as early as 15 seconds after shock, whereas the nonmanipulated subjects did not show a significant elevation of steroids until 5 minutes after a brief shock. Further, the levels of corticosteroids were consistently higher in the manipulated subjects over a 15-minute period.
Transition Metal Dithiolene Near-IR Dyes and Their Applications in Liquid Crystal Devices

Numerous commercial and military applications exist for guest–host liquid crystal (LC) devices operating in the near- to mid-IR region. Progress in this area has been hindered by the severe lack of near-IR dyes with good solubility in the LC host, low impact on the inherent order of the LC phase, good thermal and chemical stability, and a large absorbance maximum tunable by structural modification over a broad range of the near-IR region. Transition metal complexes based on nickel, palladium, or platinum dithiolene cores show substantial promise in meeting these requirements. These new dye complexes are extraordinarily stable, possess liquid crystalline phases in their own right with the proper terminal functional groups, and can have melting points below room temperature. The latter property is especially significant for producing liquid crystal/dye mixtures with both high dye concentration and good resistance to phase separation. Because transition metal dithiolenes are zerovalent, they can exhibit high...
Synthesis of phosphonic acid derivatized bipyridine ligands and their ruthenium complexes.

Water-stable, surface-bound chromophores, catalysts, and assemblies are an essential element in dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells for the generation of solar fuels by water splitting and CO2 reduction to CO, other oxygenates, or hydrocarbons. Phosphonic acid derivatives provide a basis for stable chemical binding on metal oxide surfaces. We report here the efficient synthesis of 4,4′-bis(diethylphosphonomethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine and 4,4′-bis(diethylphosphonate)-2,2′-bipyridine, as well as the mono-, bis-, and tris-substituted ruthenium complexes, [Ru(bpy)2(Pbpy)]2+, [Ru(bpy)(Pbpy)2]2+, [Ru(Pbpy)3]2+, [Ru(bpy)2(CPbpy)]2+, [Ru(bpy)(CPbpy)2]2+, and [Ru(CPbpy)3]2+ [bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine; Pbpy = 4,4′-bis(phosphonic acid)-2,2′-bipyridine; CPbpy = 4,4′-bis(methylphosphonic acid)-2,2′-bipyridine].
Countertransference and the multiple amputee patient: Pitfalls and opportunities in rehabilitation medicine

Abstract Current psychoanalytic literature on countertransference broadly defines the term as a helping professional's overall response to an individual patient. Reactions of rehabilitation professionals to their traumatically injured patients can significantly impact on the patient's treatment as well as the individual therapist's and entire rehabilitation team's effectiveness. In this paper, a case is presented illustrating a process of understanding countertransference toward a multiple amputee patient. Implications for the rehabilitation team are also described. The analysis of a single case demonstrates how countertransference interpretation might be used as a vehicle to enhance understanding the patient and promote team effectiveness.
Formation of thermally stable polypyrrole-naphthalene/benzene sulfonate-carbon fiber composites by an electrochemical process

Abstract High volume fraction of polypyrrole coatings doped with aromatic naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid disodium salt (NDSDNa) and benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt (BzSNa), respectively, have been formed on carbon fibers. Polypyrrole coatings as high as 390% (∼80% by weight) was formed on carbon fibers after about 45 min of electropolymerization. Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), of the coatings confirmed that the resulting polypyrrole coatings were doped with benzene sulfonate and naphthalene disulfonate ions, respectively. Thermal analysis shows char retention of the polypyrrole coatings to be ≥65%, indicating that the electropolymerized polypyrrole coatings have excellent thermal stability and are good candidates for use in carbon–carbon composites.
Kasimir Twardowski on the content of presentations

In On the Content and Object of Presentations, Kasimir Twardowski presents an interesting line of thought concerning the content of a presentation and its relation to the object of that presentation. This way of thinking about content is valuable for understanding phenomenal intentionality, and it should also be important for the project of “naturalizing” the mental (or at least for discovering the neural correlates of the phenomenal). According to this view, content is that by virtue of which a presentation of an object presents a certain object and no other. In the cases in which an object is presented as simple, there is nothing more that can be said about the relation of content and object. It is sui generis: the relation of content to an object by virtue of which it presents that object. Further, the content of a presentation is never itself directly presented. The content can only be gotten at indirectly, as the content by which such and such object is presented. Where the presented object is complex—as is of course the normal case—a lot that is useful can be said about the structure of the content. In this paper, I lay out Twardowski's theory of the content of presentations. Since the business of content is to present its object, I briefly present the basics of Twardowski's mereology of objects.
Cold-water treatment of scald injury and inhibition of histamine-mediated burn edema

Using the hairless mouse ear burn model we have studied the effects of immediate short-term cold-water treatment (CWT) of a moderate scald injury (54°C water for 20 sec) to intact skin using 8–10°C water for 5 min. CWT following scald injury caused brief periods of arteriolar vasomotion and shortened the duration of postburn venular dilation by about 50% as compared to untreated burns. CWT significantly (P < 0.05) reduced edema formation of the burned ear for only the first 2 hr after injury as compared to untreated burns. Significant delayed remote edema formation normally observed in abdominal and unburned (contralateral) ear skin after untreated ear scald injury was abolished after CWT to the burned ear. Chemical inhibition of remote burn edema, comparable to that achieved with CWT, was produced by cimetidine pretreatment or histamine depletion prior to injury. CWT also significantly decreased tissue histamine loss of the burned ear after scald injury Ultrastructural demonstration of increased vacuole formations in capillary and venular endothelial cells in edematous, unburned ear skin 2 hr after untreated scald injury suggested the presence of histamine-mediated remote burn edema formation. Predominant pathophysiologic mechanisms of CWT in local and remote burn edema inhibition and perhaps burn shock protection were suggested as: (1) decreased vascular response with a shortened duration of postburn venular dilation, and, most importantly, (2) the inhibition of local and systemic histamine release from thermally injured tissues.
Risk of site-specific cancer in incident venous thromboembolism: a population-based study.

Abstract Background The risk of venous thromboembolism ( VTE ) by cancer site is uncertain. Objective To estimate VTE risk by tumor site. Methods We enumerated observed active cancers by cancer site for Olmsted County, MN residents with incident VTE over the 13-year period, 1988-2000 (n = 345 of 1417). We used 1988-2000 Iowa State Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results ( SEER ) data to estimate the expected age-specific prevalence of cancer by cancer site for all VTE cases; standardized Morbidity Ratios ( SMR ) for each cancer site were estimated by dividing the observed number of cancers in the VTE incident cohort by the expected number. Relative risk regression was used to model the observed number of cancers of each site, adjusting for the expected value based on SEER prevalence data, using generalized linear regression with a Poisson error and the natural log of the age- and sex-group expected count as an offset. Results For men and women with VTE, all cancer sites had an increased SMR, ranging from 4.1 for head neck cancer to 47.3 for brain cancer. Among women, the SMR for breast, ovarian and other gynecologic cancers were 8.4, 13.0 and 8.4, respectively; for men, prostate cancer SMR was 7.9. Adjusting for age and sex, the relative risk ( RR ) of cancer in VTE cases was associated with cancer site in a multivariable model (p Conclusions Incident VTE risk can be stratified by cancer site.
A physical model for gate-to-body tunneling current and its effects on floating-body PD/SOI CMOS devices and circuits

Abstract Direct gate-to-body tunneling current, which can possibly drive, and/or ameliorate floating-body effects in PD/SOI MOSFETs, is physically modeled and examined. Predominant valence-band and conduction-band carrier tunneling components are modeled for inversion, depletion, and accumulation conditions by modifying the classical independent-electron formalism. Several important scaled-device effects, which have been overlooked in contemporary modeling of gate tunneling current, are identified and accounted for. The model shows good agreement with measured data for gate-oxide thickness varying down to 1.65 nm. Use of the model in device and circuit simulations suggests that the gate-to-body tunneling current can be beneficial in controlling dynamic floating-body effects in particular applications. However, the significance of the benefits is diminished for scaled PD/SOI CMOS when the supply voltage is reduced and when the technology is, necessarily, optimized to suppress the detrimental DC floating-body effects on off-state current.
Deletion of the Nhlh2 Transcription Factor Decreases the Levels of the Anorexigenic Peptides α Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone and Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone and Implicates Prohormone Convertases I and II in Obesity

Body weight is controlled by the activation of signal transduction pathways in both the brain and peripheral tissues. Interestingly, although many hypothalamic neuropeptides and receptors have been implicated in the regulation of body weight, the transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms through which these genes are expressed in response to changes in energy balance remain unclear. Our laboratory studies a mouse in which targeted deletion of the neuronal basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, nescient helix-loop-helix 2 protein (Nhlh2), results in adult-onset obesity. The aim of this work was to use the phenotype of the Nhlh2 knockout mouse and the expression pattern of Nhlh2 to identify genes that are regulated by this transcription factor. In this article, we show that Nhlh2 is expressed throughout the adult hypothalamus. Using dual-label in situ hybridization, we demonstrate that, in the arcuate nucleus of the adult hypothalamus (ARC), Nhlh2 expression can be found in rostral pro...
Chicken Serum Proteins: A Comparison of Electrophoretic Techniques and Localization of Transferrin

Abstract INTRODUCTION ELECTROPHORETIC studies on chicken serum have been reported using various techniques. Five distinct peaks were observed by moving-boundary electrophoresis (Moore, 1948); 5–6 bands were demonstrated by paper electrophoresis (Common and McKinley, 1953; McKinley et al., 1953); and 6–7 bands were identified using cellulose acetate electrophoresis (Longenecker et al., 1967; Beg and Clarkson, 1970). Incorporating the molecular sieving concept, 12–15 bands were found by starch-gel electrophoresis (Amin, 1961; Ogden et al., 1962); and from 10 to 19 bands were distinguished using polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (Glick, 1968; Harris and Sweeney, 1969). Transferrin, the iron-binding protein in serum, has been studied in chickens by the moving-boundary method (Marshall and Deutsch, 1951), by starch-gel technique (Ogden et al., 1962; Williams, 1962), and by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (Glick, 1968; Prosky et al., 1968). However, location of transferrin in the electrophoretic pattern of chicken serum performed on paper or cellulose acetate has not been…
Therapist habituation and purported client progress in articulation therapy.

Abstract Ten graduate student clinicians, in their final year of training, evaluated the tape recorded pretherapy performances of 10/s/-defective children on the 68/s/ items of the McDonald Deep Test of Articulation (1964). Five of the 10 clinicians were randomly selected and assigned one of these /s/-defective children as part of their regular case load. The children were seen for 1 hr per week for a 5-week period. The clinicians were not informed as to the nature of the study or that the composition of their case load was in any way connected with the tapes that they had previously evaluated. The five remaining clinicians and children did not participate in therapy during this 5-week period. Immediately following this 5-week period, an additional tape recording was made of all 10 children's responses to the /s/ items of the McDonald Deep Test (1964). Both pre- and posttreatment tapes were then evaluated by all 10 clinicians in independent listening sessions. Significant between-tape differences, indicative of both habituation and sensitization to client errors within the in-therapy clinicians only, are discussed in terms of their clinical applications.
A 3D Unsplit Forward/Backward Volume-of-Fluid Approach and Coupling to the Level Set Method

This paper presents a novel methodology for interface capturing in two-phase flows by combining a Lagrangian-Eulerian Volume-of-Fluid approach with a Level Set method. While the Volume-of-Fluid transport relies on a robust and accurate polyhedral library, any high-order Level Set transport may be used. The method is shown to be less restrictive in terms of CFL conditions than split Volume-of-Fluid methods. Various geometric integration schemes are proposed and tested. For linear velocity fields, mass error is shown to vanish, and to be third order otherwise. The method is validated on 2D and 3D test cases. Conservation properties are shown to be excellent, while geometrical accuracy remains satisfactory even for complex flows such as the primary breakup of a liquid jet.