cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of heat shock and growth atmosphere on the heat resistance of Escherichia coli 0157:H7

Log phase cells of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 were grown aerobically at 30°C and heat shocked at various time/temperature combinations to determine the optimum conditions that would result in the highest number of survivors to a subsequent 55°C heat treatment. Heat shocking at 42°C for 5 min resulted in the largest increase in D55 value over nonheat-shocked controls of all heat-shock time/temperature combinations tested. Growth atmosphere significantly contributed to the heat resistance of both heat-shocked and nonheat-shocked cells, with anaerobically grown cells having D55 values higher than those of cells grown aerobically. Therefore, both heat shocking and anaerobic growth contributed to an increase in the number of survivors of E. coli 0157:H7 cells when compared with nonheat-shocked cells grown aerobically. Aerobically grown, heat-shocked cells, and anaerobically grown cells, both heat-shocked and nonheat-shocked, contained a 71,000 dalton protein not present in aerobically grown, nonheat-shocked cont...
Intimate Violence Among Women of Mexican Origin: Correlates of Abuse

Data from the Mexican American Prevalence and Services Survey (Vega, Kolody, Aguilar-Gaxiola, Alderete, Catalano, & Caraveo-Anduaga, 1998) was used to test the impact of acculturation and acculturation stress on intimate partner abuse of women of Mexican origin. Findings indicated that higher acculturation increases intimate abuse, and social support reduces it. Acculturation stress increases abuse only among immigrants. Abuse rates are higher among U.S.-born Mexican Americans than immigrants. There are no additive effects of education and income in explaining abuse within a multivariate model. These results suggest a complex causal process that could not be fully addressed in this study. Our results highlight the need for improved understanding about how the acculturation and acculturation stress processes are differentially related to intimate violence among immigrants and U.S.-born Mexican Americans.
Preventing the Hybrid from Backfiring: Delivery of Benefits to the Working Poor through the Tax System

This article analyzes the government's increased use of the tax system to deliver benefits to the working poor. The hybrid in this article is the earned income tax credit (EITC), one of the country's largest anti-poverty programs. The EITC is hybrid in that it is administered in the tax system but is increasingly redistributive, like traditional welfare programs. It reveals that the hybrid tax and welfare nature of the delivery of benefits to the working poor through the tax system results in some significant benefits, such as higher participation and lower administrative costs, but also a weakness in the form of increased errors and fraud. With the EITC's error rate up to five times as high as other benefits' programs, the IRS has undertaken radical efforts at reducing error, efforts that are alien to the tax system, like precertifying eligibility before receipt of a tax benefit, and indefinite freezes of refunds without sufficient notice or hearing that are alien to traditional due process protections. The backfire risk is that the continued high error rates will weaken support for the EITC, and threaten its continued existence. The article provides a framework for the government to reduce errors through shifting additional costs to third parties, as well as to reduce the incentives for individuals themselves to attempt to game the system and cheat. The article builds on my prior scholarship that integrated a sociological typology of noncompliance, and continues with my focus on presenting policymakers with an opportunity to evaluate efforts to reduce errors based upon an understanding as to what drives cheating and errors in the tax system. The EITC's hybrid status in and of itself does not reveal policy options to reduce cheating or error; rather, the unique characteristics of the tax system's eligibility and delivery process present opportunities to reduce error and eliminate cheating without eliminating the EITC's low administrative cost and high participation benefits. In particular, the government should impose additional costs on return preparers, third parties that benefit from the EITC's placement in the tax system. In addition, the article reveals how reducing structural incentives for taxpayers themselves to game the system can materially reduce error rates without sacrificing other policy goals.
Ubiquitin and Protein Degradation in Synapse Function

The remodeling of synapses is a fundamental mechanism for information storage and processing in the brain. During brain development, and in response to learningrelated activity, synapses undergo remarkable structural changes, including growth, shrinkage, and elimination. Such structural plasticity provides a physical basis for enduring changes in neural circuits that are mediated by alterations in the molecular composition of the synapse. Indeed, stabilization or removal of neurotransmitter receptors, scaffold proteins, and signaling molecules from the synapse has been proposed to account for long-term changes in synaptic strength. Patterns of molecular changes in large sets of synaptic proteins, which ultimately encode the history of activity at the synapse, represent a level of complexity that we are only now beginning to understand. Long-lasting changes in the molecular content of synapses arise by two general mechanisms: the incorporation of new proteins and the selective removal of existing synaptic proteins. For much of the past two decades, the prevailing model for enduring changes in synapse function and structure has been stimulus-dependent gene expression and protein synthesis. Indeed, substantial evidence indicates that transcriptional events are critical for long-term activity-dependent plasticity (135, 184). In addition, local translation of mRNAs is thought to orchestrate long-lasting forms of learning-related synaptic plasticity (269). On the other hand, considerably less attention has been given to the contribution of protein turnover to long-term structural and functional changes at synapses. What controls the turnover and replacement of synaptic proteins? For most cellular proteins, the major pathway of degradation occurs by ubiquitin conjugation and subsequent targeting of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins to the proteasome. Here we will discuss the role of the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) in the structural and
Point-Source/Point-Receiver Materials Testing

Conventional measurements in the ultrasonic testing of materials, when used as the basis of a materials characterization procedure, typically rely on one or two piezoelectric transducers operating as source and receiver, attached to a specimen to launch and detect ultrasonic waves in the object to be characterized. Measurements of signal arrival time (or velocity) and amplitude (or attenuation), possibly as a function of frequency, are then correlated with the composition and the macro- and micro-structure of the material, which may include voids, flaws and inclusions distributed through a region of the material. While relative measurements of the time-of-flight and ultrasonic amplitudes do not! present extraordinary measurement challenges, absolute measurements do. It is unfortunate that absolute quantities are often required since they are difficult to obtain reliably with a conventional piezoelectric transducer-based ultrasonic system. For this reason, a considerable effort over the past decade has been undertaken to develop and improve non-contact methods for generating and detecting ultrasonic signals in materials. However, a limiting factor of all the existing non-contact measurement systems is the care required for their use and their reduced sensitivity in comparison to-those utilizing piezoelectric transducers.
Data transformation as a scaling operation in ordination of plankton

Data transformation is seen here as an aspect of scaling such that we are less interested in the quirks and properties of each transformation but are more concerned with the general scaling properties and trends of suites of transformations. Over two years of daily phytoplankton abundance data for 30 species from a temperate lake (Llyn Maelog, North Wales) were subjected to a series of scale-ordered transformations. Two major classes of transformation were systematically varied: binary and smoothing. Binary transformation scaled the cutoff threshold between ‘presence’ and ‘absence’ of a species to various levels of abundance. With successively smaller universes and smoothing windows and successive species exclusion, ordinations of sample dates revealed smaller scaled structures in the order: annual cycles of species turnover, seasonal areas of attraction and uniqueness of individual sample dates. Gradual increases in the length of the smoothing window resulted in gradual shifts in the positions of points in sample data ordination, but not necessarily in the species ordinations. Thus sample data structures are more stable with change in scale than are species data structures. These differences in stability are discussed in the context of filtering characteristics of data collection and data analysis. Transformations producing similar species statistics (means, variances and skews) did not generally give similar ordination results, while some transformations giving similar ordinations differed in species statistical parameters.
Perspectives on Caregiver-Focused mHealth Technologies to Improve Mental Health Treatment for Low-Income Youth with ADHD

To examine stakeholder perspectives regarding (1) whether mobile health (mHealth) tools can improve the mental health (MH) treatment process for low-income youth with ADHD in safety net settings and (2) what functions would be helpful to improve the treatment process. This study analyzed qualitative data from a larger project that collected information from key stakeholders at four safety net clinics across Georgia. We conducted five focus groups with caregivers who had a Medicaid-insured child receiving treatment for ADHD, and 17 semi-structured interviews with clinic administrators and providers. Stakeholders shared their perspectives on strategies to improve the MH treatment process, including the use of mHealth tools. Caregivers also completed a brief survey about technology use. We present findings from a thematic analysis of the qualitative data and descriptive findings from the survey. Participants in each group of stakeholders expressed interest in mHealth tools that would (1) deliver reminders for caregivers (including appointment and medication refill reminders); (2) help caregivers obtain information about ADHD symptoms and treatment options; (3) help caregivers track information about their child’s symptoms and treatment progress; and (4) facilitate communication between caregivers and providers. While more than three-fourths of caregivers had a smartphone, providers and administrators expressed concern that access to mHealth technologies may be inconsistent if low-income families are unable to pay cellular phone bills. Caregivers, clinic administrators, and providers were supportive of enhanced mHealth technologies to improve MH care for this population.
Water Relations: Short-Term Water Balance

Because small animals have relatively high surface-area: volume ratios they risk rapid desiccation in dry air. Nevertheless, many invertebrates, expecially arthropods, have successfully colonized arid environments. This apparent paradox has for many years intrigued biologists, who continue to investigate its ecological and physicochemical basis.
Electronic Energies Are Not Enough: An Ion Mobility-Aided, Quantum Chemical Benchmark Analysis of H+GPGG Conformers

Peptides and proteins exist not as single, lowest energy structures but as ensembles of states separated by small barriers. In order to study these species we must be able to correctly identify their gas phase conformational distributions, and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has arisen as an experimental method for assessing the gas phase energetics of flexible peptides. Here, we present a thorough exploration and benchmarking of the low energy conformers of the small, hairpin peptide H+GPGG with the aid of ion mobility spectrometry against a wide swath of density functionals (35 dispersion-corrected and uncorrected functionals represented by 21 unique exchange–correlation functionals) and wave function theory methods (15 total levels of theory). The three experimentally resolved IMS peaks were found to correspond to three distinct pairs of conformers, each pair composed of species differing only by the chair or boat configuration of the proline. Two of the H+GPGG conformer pairs possess a cis configurati...
Changes in cardiovascular disease risk and risk factors among women with and without breast cancer.

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is an important health concern among survivors of breast cancer. However, few studies to date have examined whether trajectories of CVD risk and major risk factors are worse among women with a breast cancer diagnosis compared with those without. Methods Changes in weight, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and 10-year CVD risk were compared between women with (813 women) and without (1049 women) an incident breast cancer diagnosis while they were enrolled in the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Sister Study cohort. Blood pressure and adiposity measures were collected by trained examiners at an enrollment visit (≥1 year before breast cancer diagnosis) and a second home visit 4 to 11 years later (≥1 year after breast cancer diagnosis). The non-laboratory-based Framingham risk score, a measure of 10-year general CVD risk, was calculated at both the enrollment and second visits. All analyses were stratified by menopausal status at the time of enrollment. Results Women who were premenopausal at the time of enrollment experienced moderate increases in weight, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and CVD risk over the study period. Those who were postmenopausal at the time of enrollment demonstrated little change in weight, but were found to have increases in waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and CVD risk. In both groups, changes over time did not differ significantly according to breast cancer status. Neither chemotherapy nor endocrine therapy were found to be associated with greater increases in CVD risk or risk factors. Conclusions In the current study cohort, changes over time in CVD risk, adiposity measures, and blood pressure were similar between women who developed an incident breast cancer and those who did not.
Using accelerated drug stability results to inform long-term studies in shelf life determination

In the pharmaceutical industry, the shelf life of a drug product is determined by data gathered from stability studies and is intended to provide consumers with a high degree of confidence that the drug retains its strength, quality, and purity under appropriate storage conditions. In this paper, we focus on liquid drug formulations and propose a Bayesian approach to estimate a drug product's shelf life, where prior knowledge gained from the accelerated study conducted during the drug development stage is used to inform the long-term study. Classical and nonlinear Arrhenius regression models are considered for the accelerated conditions, and two examples are given where posterior results from the accelerated study are used to construct priors for a long-term stability study.
Receiver Adaptive Beamforming and Interference of Indoor Environments in mmWave

We consider networks consisting of nodes equipped with large antenna count mmWave arrays enabling narrow beam patterns. For the first time, we investigate and quantify the adverse impact of interference on network capacity for these very narrow beams. Network capacity is studied in terms of both node density as well as antenna array size. Finally, we show a distributed adaptive receiver algorithm that can reduce the adverse interference impact up to 60%.
Lymphangioma Circumscriptum (Lymphangiectasia)

Lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC) is a rare but benign condition of dilatation of the dermal lymphatic vessels visible through the epidermis due to obstructed lymphatic return. While skin manifestations are a common presentation, vulvar LC is rare and often mistaken for other pathology. The dilated superficial lymph vessels can appear as vesicles or bullae that are often otherwise asymptomatic. History and physical exam may be sufficient to make the diagnoses, while a biopsy can be useful to rule out other diseases. While reports differ for the efficacy of various therapies, surgical resection seems to have the best evidence for long-term management. Observation of an asymptomatic patient is entirely appropriate. Care of the vulvar skin should be a consideration if LC lesions erode, weep, or otherwise predispose the vulvar skin to chronic change or secondary infections.
On the Value of Look-Ahead in Competitive Online Convex Optimization

Although using look-ahead information is known to improve the competitive ratios of online convex optimization (OCO) problems with switching costs, the competitive ratios obtained from existing results often depend on the cost coefficients of the problem, and can potentially be large. In this paper, we propose new online algorithms that can utilize look-ahead to achieve much lower competitive ratios for OCO problems with switching costs and hard constraints. For the perfect look-ahead case where the algorithm is provided with the exact inputs in a future look-ahead window of size K, we design an Averaging Regularized Moving Horizon Control (ARMHC) algorithm that can achieve a competitive ratio of K+1/K. To the best of our knowledge, ARMHC is the first to attain a low competitive ratio that is independent of either the coefficients of the switching costs and service costs, or the upper and lower bounds of the inputs. Then, for the case when the future look-ahead has errors, we develop a Weighting Regularized Moving Horizon Control (WRMHC) algorithm that carefully weights the decisions inside the look-ahead window based on the accuracy of the look-ahead information. As a result, WRMHC also achieves a low competitive ratio that is independent of the cost coefficients, even with uncertain hard constraints. Finally, our analysis extends online primal-dual analysis to the case with look-ahead by introducing a novel "re-stitching" idea, which is of independent interest.
Advancing quality-of-life research by deepening our understanding of response shift: a unifying theory of appraisal

Studies of response-shift phenomena in quality-of-life (QOL) research have grown steadily in the more than two decades of research. As a field, we have been calling a lot of different approaches “response shift” over the years, but the only approach that fully embodies the foundational (Sprangers and Schwartz, Soc Sci Med 48(11):1507–1515, 1999) theoretical model is appraisal. According to the definition proposed in this model, response shift is about individual cognitive change. This paper presents the argument that all response-shift research models need to be grounded in an understanding of cognitive appraisal. We present a reasoned argument for why appraisal is fundamental to QOL response-shift research. We describe current measurement and analytic methods for working with appraisal, and how these methods can be integrated into the current response-shift statistical ‘tool box.’ We propose future research directions on theory, methods, and cross-calibration of group- and individual-level methods. There are currently three tools available in multiple languages for assessing QOL appraisal processes. They have been tested and used to assess response shift in empirical studies of ~ 7000 people with chronic illness. The study findings illustrate how appraisal theory and methods can facilitate methodological investigations of and to enhance other response-shift detection methods. Future research directions are proposed to enrich QOL theory, response-shift methods, and interpretation of QOL change over time. Appraisal theory and methods are the closest approximation to a response-shift ‘gold standard.’ They provide the foundation for understanding response shift and point to a unified theory of QOL.
Cognition and cerebrovascular function in primary hyperparathyroidism before and after parathyroidectomy

There are cognitive changes in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) that improve with parathyroidectomy, but the mechanism of cognitive dysfunction has not been delineated. We assessed if cerebrovascular function is impaired in PHPT, improves post-parathyroidectomy and is associated with PTH level and cognitive dysfunction. This is an observational study of 43 patients with mild hypercalcemic or normocalcemic PHPT or goiter. At baseline, cerebrovascular function (dynamic cerebral autoregulation and vasomotor reactivity) by transcranial Doppler and neuropsychological function were compared between all three groups. A subset underwent parathyroidectomy or thyroidectomy, and was compared 6 months post-operatively. Mean cerebrovascular and neuropsychological function was normal and no worse in PHPT compared to controls preoperatively. Higher PTH was associated with worse intracerebral autoregulation (r = − 0.43, p = 0.02) and worse cognitive performance on some tests. Post-parathyroidectomy, mood improved significantly, but changes did not differ compared to those having thyroidectomy (p = 0.84). There was no consistent improvement in cognition or change in vascular function in either surgical group. Although higher PTH was associated with worse intracerebral autoregulation, cerebrovascular function, cognition and mood were normal in mild PHPT. PTX did not improve vascular or cognitive function. The observed improvement in mood cannot be clearly attributed to PTX. Notwithstanding the small sample size, the results do not support changing current criteria for parathyroidectomy to include cognitive complaints. However, the associations between PTH, cognition and cerebral autoregulation merit future studies in those with more severe hyperparathyroidism.
Invisible territory: mapping land-use change and power in the Peruvian Amazon

This paper follows the evolution of the discourse of agricultural productivity, from its inception in colonial land-use mapping to current land-use changes, using a case study of the expansion of a...
UL88 Mediates the Incorporation of a Subset of Proteins into the Virion Tegument

Little is known about the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) tegument protein UL88. Large-scale genomic studies have reported disparate results for UL88-null viruses, reporting both no phenotype and a >1-log decrease in virus titers. UL88 has also been reported to interact with UL69 and UL48, but the functional relevance of this interaction is unknown. Here, we report that UL88, which is conserved among different viral strains, is dispensable for production of infectious HCMV virions in multiple HCMV strains and cell types. However, the specific infectivity of HCMV virions suffers in the absence of UL88, as more genomes are required per PFU. This may be a result of altered virion tegument protein composition, as Western blot analysis shows a significant reduction in the tegument levels of pp71, UL47, and UL48 in viruses lacking UL88. While an interaction between UL88 and UL48 has previously been reported, we show that UL88 can interact with UL47; however, UL88 does not appear to be part of a stable complex consisting of UL47 and UL48. These findings identify an important role for UL88 in incorporating the viral proteins UL47 and UL48 into the virion tegument layer.IMPORTANCE A better understanding of the role and functions of tegument proteins in HCMV, many of which remain uncharacterized, will contribute to our understanding of the biology of HCMV. The virus has a large genome, greater than 230 kb, and functional annotation of these genes is important for identifying novel targets for improving therapeutic intervention. This study identifies a role for a viral tegument protein with unknown function, UL88, in maintaining the proper tegument composition of HCMV virions. Virions produced in the absence of UL88 exhibit decreased fitness and require more genomes per infectious unit.
Using uncertainty to improve pressure field reconstruction from PIV/PTV flow measurements

A novel pressure reconstruction method is proposed to use the uncertainty information to improve the instantaneous pressure fields from velocity fields measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV) or particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). First, the pressure gradient fields are calculated from velocity fields, while the local and instantaneous pressure gradient uncertainty is estimated from the velocity uncertainty using a linear-transformation-based algorithm. The pressure field is then reconstructed by solving an overdetermined linear system which involves the pressure gradients and boundary conditions. This linear system is solved with generalized least squares (GLS) which incorporates the previously estimated variances and covariances of the pressure gradient errors as inverse weights to optimize the reconstructed pressure field. The method was validated with synthetic velocity fields of a 2D pulsatile flow, and the results show significantly improved pressure accuracy. The pressure error reduction by GLS was 50% with 9.6% velocity errors and 250% with 32.1% velocity errors compared to the existing baseline method of solving the pressure Poisson equation (PPE). The GLS was more robust to the velocity errors and provides greater improvement with spatially correlated velocity errors. For experimental validation, the volumetric pressure fields were evaluated from the velocity fields measured using 3D PTV of a laminar pipe flow with a Reynolds number of 630 and a transitional pipe flow with a Reynolds number of 3447. The GLS reduced the median absolute pressure errors by as much as 96% for the laminar pipe flow compared to PPE. The mean pressure drop along the pipe predicted by GLS was in good agreement with the empirical estimation using Darcy–Weisbach equation for the transitional pipe flow.
Yoga for veterans with PTSD: Cognitive functioning, mental health, and salivary cortisol.

Objective: Research indicates that cognitive functioning is negatively impacted by exposure to chronic stress due to overactivation of the stress response. Yoga has demonstrated benefits when practiced by individuals diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This quasi-experimental pilot study examined the impact of a yoga intervention on cognitive functioning, symptoms of PTSD, and the biological stress response in Veterans diagnosed with PTSD. Method: Cognitive functioning, self-report measures of mental health symptoms, and salivary cortisol were measured within two weeks prior to beginning and following completion of a 10-week yoga protocol. Veterans with PTSD participated in gender-specific groups of the yoga intervention. Paired t tests and correlational analyses were used to analyze quantitative data. Results: Statistically significant improvements were observed between baseline and postintervention scores on measures of response inhibition, PTSD, depression, sleep, quality of life, and subjective neurocognitive complaints. Positive correlations were found between baseline and postintervention changes in sleep and depression, and between change in cortisol output and a measure of life satisfaction. Statistically significant differences (baseline to postintervention) for other objective measures of cognitive performance and cortisol were not detected. Conclusions: Results provide preliminary support for the practice of yoga to improve cognitive functioning (response inhibition) related to symptoms of PTSD while also improving mental health symptoms, sleep, and quality of life. Positive correlations affirm the role of sleep in mood symptoms and indicate the need for further examination of the role of cortisol in life satisfaction. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Managing the Evolution to Future Internet Architectures and Seamless Interoperation

With the increasing diversity of application needs (datacenters, IoT, content retrieval, industrial automation, etc.), new network architectures are continually being proposed to address specific and particular requirements. From a network management perspective, it is both important and challenging to enable evolution towards such new architectures. Given the ubiquity of the Internet, a clean-slate change of the entire infrastructure to a new architecture is impractical. It is believed that we will see new network architectures coming into existence with support for interoperability between separate architectural islands. We may have servers, and more importantly, content, residing in domains having different architectures. This paper presents COIN, a content-oriented interoperability framework for current and future Internet architectures. We seek to provide seamless connectivity and content accessibility across multiple of these network architectures, including the current Internet. COIN preserves each domain's key architectural features and mechanisms, while allowing flexibility for evolvability and extensibility. We focus on Information-Centric Networks (ICN), the prominent class of Future Internet architectures. COIN avoids expanding domain-specific protocols or namespaces. Instead, it uses an application-layer Object Resolution Service to deliver the right "foreign" names to consumers. COIN uses translation gateways that retain essential interoperability state, leverages encryption for confidentiality, and relies on domain-specific signatures to guarantee provenance and data integrity. Using NDN and MobilityFirst as important candidate solutions of ICN, and IP, we evaluate COIN. Measurements from an implementation of the gateways show that the overhead is manageable and scales well.
The Macroeconomics of Age-Varying Epidemics

We incorporate age-specific socio-economic interactions in a SIR macroeconomic model to study the role of demographic factors for the COVID-19 epidemic evolutio
AWARe-Wi: A jamming-aware reconfigurable wireless interconnection using adversarial learning for multichip systems

Abstract Performance of the compute-intensive multichip platforms such as micro-servers and embedded systems are limited by the latency and power hungry chip-to-chip interconnections. Millimeter wave (mm-wave) wireless interconnection networks have emerged as an energy-efficient and low-latency solution for such multichip system communication. We refer such multichip systems with in-package mm-wave wireless interconnect as Wireless Network-in-Package (WiNiP). Despite providing performance enhancements, wireless channel, being an unguided medium, introduces potential security vulnerabilities inherited from traditional wireless networks such as jamming induced Denial-of-Service (DoS) and eavesdropping. Securing the systems against such induced threats often introduce large overheads and performance penalties. To address these challenges, we propose a WiNiP architecture that reuses the in-built Design for Testability (DFT) hardware for securing against external and Hardware Trojans (HT) induced internal attacks. The proposed architecture is capable of securing against adversaries with a reconfigurable wireless interconnection (AWARe-Wi). We deploy machine learning (ML) classifier to detect the threats. In addition, for a robust threat detection, we introduce an Adversarial ML (AML)-based approach in this work. To enable sustainable multichip communication in such systems even under jamming attack from both internal and external attackers, we design a reconfigurable Medium Access Control (MAC) and a suitable communication protocol. The simulation results show that, the ML and AML classifiers can achieve an accuracy of 99.87% and 95.95% respectively for attack detection while the proposed WiNiP can sustain chip-to-chip communication even under persistent jamming attack with an average 1.44 × and 1.56 × degradation in latency for internal and external attacks respectively for application-specific traffic patterns.
Uma análise de materiais didáticos produzidos por professores de Matemática da Educação Profissional entre 1980 e 1996

The National Meetings of Mathematics Teachers of the Federal Technical Schools (ENCONAM) brought together, for two decades, teachers who sought to improve teaching based on the integration between mathematical concepts and professional practice. In this context, we conducted a documentary research seeking to analyze the teaching materials produced in the ENCONAM movement. Access to the sources took place in the Hemeroteca Digital and in collections of schools that hosted the events and of teachers who participated in its organization. The analysis of the fascicles was developed in three stages: pre-analysis, exploration of the material and interpretation. In the end, we understand that the movement started at ENCONAM did not seek to reduce mathematics to instrumentality, but to operate under the tripod of work, science and culture. In spite of this, we found that the issues still presented weaknesses with regard to the integration between basic education and general education – which constitutes a challenge for teachers of Professional Education to the present day.
Pyrolysis Route for the Conversion of Bacterial Cellulose to Graphene Oxide

A novel route to graphene oxide (GO) is presented where the cellulosic biofilm formed at the air–water interface as a waste product in the kombucha tea beverage fermentation industry is used as the renewable carbon source. A kombucha pellicle was first purified by treatment with 1.0 mol/L aqueous NaOH at 90 °C and bleaching with 1.5% (w/w) aqueous NaOCl at 23 °C and then pyrolyzed at 600–800 °C in air or under an inert atmosphere. The highest GO yield of 22.5% (w/w) was obtained by pyrolysis at 600 °C under Ar. The product was identified as GO using FT-IR, Raman, XPS, XRD, and scanning electron microscopy. The ability to transform to GO by simple pyrolysis may be due to an extraordinarily highly ordered arrangement of glucan chains in kombucha pellicle fibrils. This discovery provides the first sustainable feedstock-based, simple, green route to GO, without the use of concentrated strong acids and oxidizing agents used in current Hummers’ method.
Plan Early, Revise More: Effects of Goal Setting and Perceived Role of the Feedback Provider on Feedback Seeking Behavior

Receiving feedback on preliminary work allows content creators to gain insight and improve outcomes. However, a lack of commitment for gathering feedback and experiencing evaluation apprehension can delay feedback seeking. In this paper, we operationalize goal setting theory for planning feedback goals and test the effects on feedback seeking and revision. In an online experiment, participants (N=245) wrote an initial story after planning feedback goals (or not), submitted the story for feedback at a time of their choice, and revised the story based on feedback received. Participants anticipated feedback from a supervisor or peer to induce different levels of evaluation apprehension. We found that participants who planned proximal feedback goals sought feedback when their stories were less developed and revised the stories more after receiving feedback compared to when participants planned distant goals. Additionally, participants who anticipated feedback from a supervisor, regardless of goal planning, improved the quality of their stories the most. We did not find that goal setting or the provider's role affected evaluation apprehension. Our findings indicate that content creators should be guided to plan proximal feedback goals to encourage sharing of early drafts of creative work and receive feedback from someone in a position of higher perceived power to foster the most revision and improvement on those drafts.
SU-E-J-71: Spatially Preserving Prior Knowledge-Based Treatment Planning

Purpose: Prior knowledge-based treatment planning is impeded by the use of a single dose volume histogram (DVH) curve. Critical spatial information is lost from collapsing the dose distribution into a histogram. Even similar patients possess geometric variations that becomes inaccessible in the form of a single DVH. We propose a simple prior knowledge-based planning scheme that extracts features from prior dose distribution while still preserving the spatial information. Methods: A prior patient plan is not used as a mere starting point for a new patient but rather stopping criteria are constructed. Each structure from the prior patient is partitioned into multiple shells. For instance, the PTV is partitioned into an inner, middle, and outer shell. Prior dose statistics are then extracted for each shell and translated into the appropriate Dmin and Dmax parameters for the new patient. Results: The partitioned dose information from a prior case has been applied onto 14 2-D prostate cases. Using prior case yielded final DVHs that was comparable to manual planning, even though the DVH for the prior case was different from the DVH for the 14 cases. Solely using a single DVH for the entire organ was also performed for comparison but showed amore » much poorer performance. Different ways of translating the prior dose statistics into parameters for the new patient was also tested. Conclusion: Prior knowledge-based treatment planning need to salvage the spatial information without transforming the patients on a voxel to voxel basis. An efficient balance between the anatomy and dose domain is gained through partitioning the organs into multiple shells. The use of prior knowledge not only serves as a starting point for a new case but the information extracted from the partitioned shells are also translated into stopping criteria for the optimization problem at hand.« less
Bilateral Sclerosing Stromal Ovarian Tumor in an Adolescent

Sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary is a rare, benign, sex cord stromal tumor occurring predominantly in younger women in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life. It typically presents unilaterally with only 2 previously reported cases of bilateral presentation. Common clinical presentations include pelvic or abdominal pain, a mass, or menstrual changes. Although occasionally presenting with hormonal manifestations, virilization as a result of androgen production by the tumor is rare. Here we present an extremely rare case of a sclerosing stromal ovarian tumor in a 14-year-old patient with bilateral presentation and with clinical and biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenemia.
Non-Market Values in Family Businesses

Despite the economic importance of family businesses, legal scholarship has often overlooked their distinctive character. Instead, scholars focus on the chosen form of business organization — partnership, corporation, LLC — and assume that the participants are economically rational actors who seek to maximize their individual preferences. This Article contends that family businesses are an extension of family relationships and that non-market values affect their goals and governance choices. Just as family law scholars have shown that contract principles can be applied to regulate intimate relationships, corporate law scholars should recognize that the intimacy of family life often substitutes for arms-length bargaining in family businesses. Notably, while relationships of trust and loyalty can lower transaction costs, the strength of family ties offers an intrinsic benefit for family business participants apart from any economic return that might be achieved. When disputes arise in family businesses, courts have an indispensable role to play, because the parties cannot anticipate and resolve all potential conflicts in advance. Like other business ventures, family businesses are long-term, relational contracts. However, rather than seeking to supply the terms that would have been chosen by individuals who are disconnected from one another and economically rational in their pursuit of their own advantage, the law should recognize the importance of shared family values relevant to the parties’ expectations. Put differently, to respect private ordering the law must respond to the ways that individuals actually choose to order their affairs.
Determinants of Percent Predicted FEV1 in Current Asthmatic Subjects

We analyzed the determinants of the percent predicted FEV1 of a large group of diagnosed asthmatic subjects in the Tucson Study of Airway Obstructive Diseases. The 261 subjects were 6 to 88 years old, and 150 (57.5 percent) were female. Although 29.1 percent of the subjects were current smokers and 24.1 percent were ex-smokers, we found that pack-years of smoking was not related to lung function. In addition, age of onset of disease, duration of asthma, eosinophil count, serum IgE level, and allergy skin test reactivity status did not influence the %FEV1. We did find that both severity of wheezing and age of the subject related significantly to %FEV1, and an interaction term of these two variables replaced wheeze and age in the multiple regression equation. Current physician-diagnosed chronic bronchitis and the reported severity of exertional dyspnea also related to %FEV1.
Chapter 28. Nonpeptide Agonists for Peptide Receptors: Lessons from Ligands

Publisher Summary The diverse biological processes mediated by peptide hormones and neurotransmitters suggest a tremendous potential for the development of new therapeutic agents with improved specificity and selectivity. As peptides generally have limited oral bioavailability, lack of receptor subtype selectivity, and are metabolically unstable, the identification of nonpeptidyl structural mimics with improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles has been the primary goal of medicinal chemists in this field. While numerous nonpeptidyl antagonists have been identified so far, until recently, the only examples of nonpeptide agonists for peptide receptors have been morphine and related opioids. In recent times, additional examples of nonpeptide agonists have appeared, discovered through serendipity or directed functional screening (growth hormone secretagogues, cholecystokinin). This chapter discusses the strategies and recent successes in the discovery and optimization of nonpeptidyl agonists for seven transmembrane (7-TM) G-protein coupled peptide receptors and the implications for future drug discovery efforts. Functional screening of existing databases, coupled with chemical modification of known 7TM receptor ligands is anticipated to provide additional examples of nonpeptide agonists. With the recent successes in the discovery of such nonpeptide agonists for the anaiotensin II (All) growth hormone secretagogues (GHS) and cholecvstokinin (CCK) receptor families, morphine and related opioids no longer represent an isolated example.
North American Bison Cooperative and North Dakota Natural Beef LLC: Governance of a Contractual Alliance

In 2005, North American Bison Cooperative formed a contractual alliance with North Dakota Natural Beef, LLC. The alliance was formed in order to enable the cooperative to enhance returns from its physical and managerial assets by entering the natural beef market. This case describes the resources shared by the cooperative and LLC, how the alliance was governed, the risk of opportunism by the CEO and associated trust building and control mechanisms, and the benefits cooperative members received. Although the two companies operate under different business principles, cooperative members exercise indirect control over the resources they contribute to the venture.
Sodium glucose co-transporter inhibitors for the management of diabetes mellitus: an opinion paper from the Endocrine and Metabolism Practice and Research Network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) carries a high prevalence in the United States and worldwide. Therefore, the number of medication classes being developed and studied has grown. The individualized management of diabetes is accomplished by evaluating a medication's efficacy, safety, and cost, along with the patient's preference and tolerance to the medication. Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors are a new therapeutic class indicated for the treatment of diabetes and have a unique mechanism of action, independent of beta-cell function. The first agent approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was canagliflozin in March 2013. Two agents - dapagliflozin and empagliflozin - were FDA-approved in January and July 2014, respectively. A clear understanding of the new class is needed to identify its appropriate use in clinical practice. Members of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Endocrine and Metabolism Practice and Research Network reviewed available literature regarding this therapeutic class. The article addresses the advantages, disadvantages, emerging role, and patient education for sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. Key limitations for this article include limited access to clinical trial data not published by the pharmaceutical company and limited data on products produced outside the United States.
Hearts, Minds, and Touchscreens

Of the many challenges awaiting natural resource scientists in the next decade, the ones that give me the longest pause all have to do with how young Americans experience, understand, and appreciate nature. Although climate change literacy has increased markedly in the last decade, younger Americans are simply getting outside less than they ever have before. Heads of families working longer hours, school and intramural sports budget cuts, and the omnipresence of touchscreens—to name but a few issues—have all helped make today’s youth the most sedentary American generation ever. This generation, that physically visits the natural world at historically low rates, will shortly be tasked with studying and managing the very landscapes they so rarely visit for the benefit of themselves and their descendants.
Linear and nonlinear optical nano-antennas

In this talk, we review our recent work on the linear and nonlinear operation of optical antennas, bridging far-field radiation with the near-field interactions between light and matter. We discuss the use of plasmonic and dielectric nanoparticles, and combinations of them, to locally enhance linear and nonlinear optical field interactions, to efficiently trap, absorb, scatter the incident light, to receive and transmit nanoscale signals through wave propagation and radiation, and to tailor the impinging radiation at a subwavelength scale. We discuss in particular the relevance of translating established concepts of radio-frequency antenna theory into the realm of nano-optics, and the inherent challenges and unique opportunities associated with this field of science and technology. In our talk, we will provide physical insights into the proposed nanoantenna geometries, and discuss a variety of nanodevices aimed at processing and tailoring in unconventional ways the nanoscale interaction of nanoparticles with light. We will discuss the concepts of meta-transmitarrays and meta-reflectarrays, obtained by suitably patterning metasurfaces in the transverse direction with suitably designed nano-antennas, in order to tailor at will the impinging light. We will also discuss how these concepts may be extended to nonlinear operation and to time-varying systems. Finally, we will discuss the realization of magnetic nano-antennas that can enhance and exploit the typically weak magnetic effects at visible frequencies using proper arrangements of plasmonic nano-clusters, as well as the application of nano-antennas to realize single and multiple wireless links for light, opening exciting possibilities for nanophotonics and broadband optical communications. More generally, we will provide an overview of the exciting possibilities opened by the fields of plasmonics and metamaterials when combined with antenna concepts, and the fertile ground opened by the combination of these fields of research.