cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of novel VH1/J558 immunoglobulin germline genes of C57BL/6 (Ighb) allotype

Abstract Although a rich database of Igh a allotype mouse immunoglobulin germline genes exists, current information on Igh b allotype immunoglobulin germline genes is limited. Among the immunoglobulin VH genes, single-cell amplified from six Igh b (C57BL/6 background) spleens in this study, 602 clonally independent immunoglobulin VH sequences belonging to the VH1 / J558 family were identified. Whereas 335 of these sequences could be traced to have originated from 29 different VH1 / J558 germline genes deposited in the NCBI Igblast database, the remaining 267 sequences appeared to have originated from 21 novel germline genes. Of the 50 VH1 / J558 germline genes utilized in the peripheral repertoire of these Igh b allotype mice, the most frequently used genes included 45.21.2 , V165.1 , J558.6 , J558.18A , and V23 . Whereas the majority of the novel genes uncovered represented allelic counterparts of previously described Balb/c ( Igh a allotype) genes, some appeared to represent truly novel germline genes. Collectively, the VH1 / J558 germline genes exhibited high amino acid residue usage variability at the CDR1 positions, H31, H33, and H35, and the CDR2 positions, H50, H52, H53, H54, H56, and H58. The 50 VH1 / J558 germline genes expressed in the peripheral Igh b repertoire also varied widely in the net charge of their CDR regions, raising the possibility that they may be differentially utilized to encode anti-nuclear autoantibodies.
CLASSIFICATION OF NECK DISSECTION: Current Concepts and Future Considerations

In response to the increased number of neck dissection procedures and the lack of uniformity of terminology for describing these, several classification proposals have been made. The consensus report on neck dissection terminology by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery seems to have gained wide acceptance. This report outlines the Academy's classification system and its definitions for the lymph node groups. Other authors contributions are discussed and recommendations are suggested for future refinements to the classification system.
Liver Structure and Function in Patients Poisoned with Chlordecone (Kepone)

Abstract A group of 32 men who worked in a factory that manufactured the organochlorine pesticide, chlordecone, had high levels of this chemical in samples of blood, adipose tissue and liver, and clinical manifestations of chlordecone toxicity (or both). The liver was enlarged in 20 patients and splenomegaly was present in 10. Blood tests of liver functions generally were normal as was sulfobromophthalein clearance from plasma. Examination of a typical patient's liver biopsy by light and electron microscopy revealed such nonspecific findings as increased lipofuscin, minimal fatty metamorphosis, hyperglycogenation of nuclei, mild portal or lobular inflammatory changes, and paracrystalline mitochondrial inclusions. Most notable was the marked proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which suggested that chlordecone may induce drug metabolizing enzymes in human liver. This was confirmed by demonstrating that the patients' urinary excretion of glucaric acid was increased and clearance of antipyrine from blood was accelerated when compared to values in healthy controls. An important finding was that plasma γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity was normal in these patients, illustrating that, as a marker of induction of hepatic drug metabolism, this test may give false-negative results. Two to three years after the patients' exposure to chlordecone had ceased, the pesticide had disappeared from the tissues, the liver and spleen had returned to normal size, hepatic ultrastructural changes had resolved, and urinary excretion of glucaric acid had declined to the normal range. We conclude that the observable hepatic responses to the presence of chlordecone largely represent adaptive changes that are reversible upon elimination of this environmental chemical from the body.
Scalable methods for monitoring and detecting behavioral equivalence classes in scientific codes

Emerging petascale systems will have many hundreds of thousands of processors, but traditional task-level tracing tools already fail to scale to much smaller systems because the I/O backbones of these systems cannot handle the peak load offered by their cores. Complete event traces of all processes are thus infeasible. To retain the benefits of detailed performance measurement while reducing volume of collected data, we developed AMPL, a general-purpose toolkit that reduces data volume using stratified sampling. We adopt a scalable sampling strategy, since the sample size required to measure a system varies sub-linearly with process count. By grouping, or stratifying, processes that behave similarly, we can further reduce data overhead while also providing insight into an application's behavior. In this paper, we describe the AMPL toolkit and we report our experiences using it on large-scale scientific applications. We show that AMPL can successfully reduce the overhead of tracing scientific applications by an order of magnitude or more, and we show that our tool scales sub-linearly, so the improvement will be more dramatic on petascale machines. Finally, we illustrate the use of AMPL to monitor applications by performance-equivalent strata, and we show that this technique can allow for further reductions in trace data volume and traced execution time.
A descriptive study of high school and university students' focus of attention in fast and slow orchestral excerpts

The purpose of this study was to investigate listener discrimination of orchestral performances and to ascertain focus of listener attention to technical and expressive music elements of those performances. High School (n = 84) and University (n = 84) music students listened to four orchestral excerpts: two slow/soft excerpts and two fast/loud excerpts. Recordings representing three levels of performance were presented: high school, university and professional. Listeners rated excerpts on accuracy and musicality, and identified the most noticeable element of each performance. Results indicated that listeners discriminated between performance levels. In the slow excerpts, university students noticed intonation and tone most frequently, while high school students noticed dynamics and tone. For the fast examples, university students noted dynamics, accuracy and articulation. High school students noticed dynamics overwhelmingly. Listeners noticed a wide variety of elements for the slow examples, whereas responses were more similar for the fast excerpts.
Early healing of transcolonic and transgastric natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery access sites.

Background Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) is a developing, minimally invasive surgical approach whose potential benefits are being investigated. Little is known about secure access site closure and early healing kinetics of transvisceral access. Study Design Transvisceral access incisions were created in the colon (C-NOTES, n=8) and stomach (G-NOTES, n=8) for peritoneal exploration. Incisions were closed primarily with endoloops, endoclips, or t-tags. Macroscopic and histologic analyses performed on postoperative day 7 assessed gross appearance, granulation tissue, inflammation, ulceration, and complications. Results Macroscopically, incisions appeared closed without intraperitoneal spillage. Incisions closed by endoloop and t-tags showed intense granulation tissue fill of defect despite partial (G-NOTES, n=3) and transmural ulceration (C-NOTES, n=8; G-NOTES, n=3). Of the 30 t-tags applied, 40% broke or deployed into the peritoneal cavity. Endoclip closures (C-NOTES, n=1; G-NOTES, n=1) did not show histologic mucosal continuity. Healing complications included transmural necrosis (C-NOTES, n=1; G-NOTES, n=1), foreign body material (C-NOTES, n=3; G-NOTES, n=2), and microabscesses (G-NOTES, n=1). Conclusions This study provides a reproducible model to assess noninvasive repair of planned visceral perforations. Of investigated technologies, endoloop closure was favored for transcolonic incisions, and t-tags with omental patch for transgastric incisions, although these have significant limitations. Endoclips were inadequate for primary closure, but may be useful as an adjunctive closure modality. Additional studies are needed to examine visceral repair at later time points, as they will help determine the quality and kinetics of repair of a variety of incision closure strategies. This study demonstrates the need for improved technologies to more reliably close visceral transluminal defects.
Reconstructing the Role of the Working Class in Communist and Postcommunist Romania

This article examines the position of the industrial working class in Romania before 1989, its role in the overthrow of the communist regime during the December 1989 revolution, and its status during the postcommunist transition to democracy after 1989. The subordination of labor interests by both communist and postcommunist regimes to ideologies that underestimated the issue of class differentiation is emphasized throughout the paper. This analysis is undertaken at two levels, namely, the rewriting of the history of communism after 1989 and the obstacles encountered during the process of democratic transition. The later aspect refers to the problematic relationship between the intellectuals and the working class and labor's lack of involvement in shaping the post-1989 economic and political reforms. The argument that I pursue is that many of the setbacks experienced during the democratization process are partly rooted in the status of labor as an important absentee from the discourse and agenda of both incumbent governments and intellectual elites. It has been a significant factor in pushing the working class towards an illiberal right-wing politics and ideologies of a populist, xenophobic, and anti-intellectual nature.
Welfare and Food Assistance at the State and Sub-State Level: A Framework for Evaluating Economic and Programmatic Changes

Welfare and food stamp program changes may affect local economies, and economic changes may affect local program participation. In this paper we outline a model of these interactions. First we highlight key changes in the programs and report recent program and labor market participation patterns in metro and non-metro portions of the Midwest and the state of Iowa. Then we describe computable general equilibrium (CGE) model equations that formalize the types of choices being made and discuss the regional economic impacts that can be simulated. In the process, we raise several related research questions.
Using audio to enhance information tasks

This paper describes new audio capabilities that are not just technologies; it also reflects an understanding of how to use audio to support information tasks. The following assertions underlie these new capabilities: meaningful non-speech sounds can function like words; sound design is a critical factor in the effective use of sound; sonification is an option for conveying information; sound can make visual attention significantly more efficient. We take a look at how these assertions combine to improve our abilities to process information.
Epitaxial Growth of GaAs-AIGaAs Quantum Wire Superlattices on Vicinal Surfaces.

This paper reviews the problems that are generic to the direct epitaxy of quantum wire superlattices on {100} and {110} vicinal surfaces using molecular beam epitaxy.
Elvitegravir: a once-daily inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase

Introduction: Elvitegravir (EVG) is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase (IN) undergoing Phase III clinical trials. It blocks the strand-transfer step in a multi-step process that allows double-stranded cDNA to be irreversibly incorporated within the host DNA. It is the second member of the HIV-1 IN inhibitor class, following raltegravir. Co-administration with a CYP3A inhibitor, such as ritonavir or cobicistat, substantially increases EVG plasma exposure and prolongs elimination half-life. Areas covered: A Medline review of Phase II and III trials involving EVG as well as a review of abstracts from major HIV and infectious disease conferences from 2010 to 2011 was conducted. EVG produces rapid and durable virologic suppression when combined with active background therapy. Trials investigating the efficacy of once-daily co-formulated elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir (EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF) demonstrate a high rate of virologic suppression with fewer CNS and psychiatric adverse events compared wi...
The Murine Model for Hantaan Virus-Induced Lethal Disease Shows Two Distinct Paths in Viral Evolutionary Trajectory with and without Ribavirin Treatment

In vitro, ribavirin acts as a lethal mutagen in Hantaan virus (HTNV)-infected Vero E6 cells, resulting in an increased mutation load and viral population extinction. In this study, we asked whether ribavirin treatment in the lethal, suckling mouse model of HTNV infection would act similarly. The HTNV genomic RNA (vRNA) copy number and infectious virus were measured in lungs of untreated and ribavirin-treated mice. In untreated, HTNV-infected mice, the vRNA copy number increased for 10 days postinfection (dpi) and thereafter remained constant through 26 dpi. Surprisingly, in ribavirin-treated, HTNV-infected mice, vRNA levels were similar to those in untreated mice between 10 and 26 dpi. Infectious virus levels, however, were different: in ribavirin-treated mice, the amount of infectious HTNV was significantly decreased relative to that in untreated mice, suggesting that ribavirin reduced the specific infectivity of the virus (amount of infectious virus produced per vRNA copy). Mutational analysis revealed a ribavirin-associated elevation in mutation frequency in HTNV vRNA similar to that previously reported in vitro. Codon-based analyses of rates of nonsynonymous (dN) and synonymous (dS) substitutions in the S segment revealed a positive selection for codons within the HTNV N protein gene in the ribavirin-treated vRNA population. In contrast, the vRNA population in untreated, HTNV-infected mice showed a lower level of diversity, reflecting purifying selection for the wild-type genome. In summary, these experiments show two different evolutionary paths that Hantavirus may take during infection in a lethal murine model of disease, as well as the importance of the in vivo host environment in the evolution of the virus, which was not apparent in our prior in vitro model system.
A Critical Assessment of Boron Target Compounds for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has undergone dramatic developments since its inception by Locher in 1936 and the development of nuclear energy during World War II. The ensuing Cold War spawned the entirely new field of polyhedral borane chemistry, rapid advances in nuclear reactor technology and a corresponding increase in the number to reactors potentially available for BNCT. This effort has been largely oriented toward the eradication of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and melanoma with reduced interest in other types of malignancies. The design and synthesis of boron-10 target compounds needed for BNCT was not channeled to those types of compounds specifically required for GBM or melanoma. Consequently, a number of potentially useful boron agents are known which have not been biologically evaluated beyond a cursory examination and only three boron-10 enriched target species are approved for human use following their Investigational New Drug classification by the US Food and Drug Administration; BSH, BPA and GB-10. All ongoing clinical trials with GBM and melanoma are necessarily conducted with one of these three species and most often with BPA. The further development of BNCT is presently stalled by the absence of strong support for advanced compound evaluation and compound discovery driven by recent advances in biology and chemistry. A rigorous demonstration of BNCT efficacy surpassing that of currently available protocols has yet to be achieved. This article discusses the past history of compound development, contemporary problems such as compound classification and those problems which impede future advances. The latter include means for biological evaluation of new (and existing) boron target candidates at all stages of their development and the large-scale synthesis of boron target species for clinical trials and beyond. The future of BNCT is bright if latitude is given to the choice of clinical disease to be treated and if a recognized study demonstrating improved efficacy is completed. Eventually, BNCT in some form will be commercialized.
Parametric interatomic potential for graphene

A parametric interatomic potential is constructed for graphene. The potential energy consists of two parts: a bond energy function and a radial interaction energy function. The bond energy function is based on the Tersoff-Brenner potential model. It includes angular terms and explicitly accounts for flexural deformation of the lattice normal to the plane of graphene. It determines the cohesive energy of graphene and its equilibrium lattice constant. The radial energy function has been chosen such that it does not contribute to the binding energy or the equilibrium lattice constant but contributes to the interatomic force constants. The range of interaction of each atom extends up to its fourth-neighbor atoms in contrast to the Tersoff-Brenner potential, which extends only up to second neighbors. The parameters of the potential are obtained by fitting the calculated values to the cohesive energy, lattice constant, elastic constants, and phonon frequencies of graphene. The values of the force constants between an atom and other atoms that are within its fourth-neighbor distance are calculated. Analytical expressions are given for the elastic constants and the flexural rigidity of graphene. The flexural rigidity of the graphene lattice is found to be 2.13 eV, which is much higher than 0.797 eV calculated earlier using the Tersoff-Brenner potential.
Developing the Internet-Savviness (IS) Scale: Investigating the Relationships between Internet Use and Academically Talented Middle School Youth

AbstractThis study investigated the development and validation of a 32-item scale that measures Internet-Savviness (IS). Relationships between this multidimensional construct and other primary variables of interest including age, gender, Internet access, Internet location, and Internet activities were explored. The sample population consisted of 241 academically talented middle school youth ages 8–14 years old. The IS scale showed satisfactory levels of reliability. An exploratory factor analysis revealed a clear, underlying structure of the following dimensions: (a) computer mediated communication, (b) creative expression, (c) information gathering, (d) Internet fluency, (e) Internet self-efficacy, and (f) social collaboration. Internet-savvy scores corresponded to self-reports of Beginner, Intermediate, and Advanced Internet users. Thirty-three percent of youth rated themselves as Advanced users, which aligns with previous research on Internet-savvy adolescents. Although females and males differed in In...
Rainfall attenuation of centimeter waves: Comparison of theory and measurement

Numerical results for attenuation of centimeter waves by rainfall have been computed from J. W. Ryde's formula. These correct, and considerably extend, the previously published Ryde results. Comparison with available measurements suggests that the agreement is not entirely satisfactory; there is a tendency for measured attenuations to exceed the maximum possible levels predicted by the theory.
MODELING FREQUENCY RECONFIGURABLE ANTENNA ARRAY USING NEURAL NETWORKS

In order to avoid the computational complexities involved in analyzing reconfigurable antennas, neural networks are used as an alternate approach. The neural network finds the location of the opera- tional frequency bands for any combination of switches connecting dif- ferent radiating elements. The network outputs are compared with the experimentally measured results. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Leveraging health information technology to achieve the “triple aim” of healthcare reform

Objective To investigate experiences with leveraging health information technology (HIT) to improve patient care and population health, and reduce healthcare expenditures. Materials and methods In-depth qualitative interviews with federal government employees, health policy, HIT and medico-legal experts, health providers, physicians, purchasers, payers, patient advocates, and vendors from across the United States. Results The authors undertook 47 interviews. There was a widely shared belief that Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) had catalyzed the creation of a digital infrastructure, which was being used in innovative ways to improve quality of care and curtail costs. There were however major concerns about the poor usability of electronic health records (EHRs), their limited ability to support multi-disciplinary care, and major difficulties with health information exchange, which undermined efforts to deliver integrated patient-centered care. Proposed strategies for enhancing the benefits of HIT included federal stimulation of competition by mandating vendors to open-up their application program interfaces, incenting development of low-cost consumer informatics tools, and promoting Congressional review of the The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) to optimize the balance between data privacy and reuse. Many underscored the need to “kick the legs from underneath the fee-for-service model” and replace it with a data-driven reimbursement system that rewards high quality care. Conclusions The HITECH Act has stimulated unprecedented, multi-stakeholder interest in HIT. Early experiences indicate that the resulting digital infrastructure is being used to improve quality of care and curtail costs. Reform efforts are however severely limited by problems with usability, limited interoperability and the persistence of the fee-for-service paradigm—addressing these issues therefore needs to be the federal government’s main policy target.
Ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a mature B-cell neoplasm in which the interactions between the malignant B cells and tumor microenvironment play a key role in cell survival and growth. B-cell receptor (BCR) is a key survival pathway in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Following BCR signal trigger, several kinase pathways are activated that promote signal transduction. Ibrutinib is a first-in-class, potent, orally administered covalently binding inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase that is US FDA approved. Inhibition of Bruton's tyrosine kinase blocks downstream BCR signaling pathways (AKT, ERK) and thus prevents B-cell proliferation. Ibrutinib impairs microenvironment-induced survival of the malignant B cells. Ibrutinib is currently under investigation for both hematologic and solid tumor malignancies.
Rare-earth-element mineralogy of granitic pegmatites in the Trout Creek Pass District, Chaffee County, Colorado

Numerous bodies of granitic pegmatite are associated with the 1.7 Ga Denny Creek Granodiorite in the Trout Creek Pass pegmatite district in Chaffee County, Colorado. They range in size from several meters to approximately 85 meters in maximum dimension. Four of the larger pegmatites are well zoned and notably enriched in REE, Nb, and Ti, and depleted in fluorine. All exhibit a distinct spatial as well as a chemical separation of the REE into LREEand HE 2) during the later stages of core crystallization l, REE and P were incorporated into allanite-(Ce) and monazite-(Ce), selectively removing these elements from the residual melt; 3) the remaining HREE-, M-, and Tienriched fluid eventually corroded and replaced earlier-formed core minerals and ultimately formed albite-rich replacement units containing polycrase-(Y) or aeschynite-(Y). The formation of polycrase-(Y) or aeschynite-(Y) as a late-stage pegmatite mineral requires the r,rre combination of Ti, Nb, Y, and HREE enrichment coupled with low concentration of fluorine in the final stages of pegmatite formation.
Total dislocation of the talus.

Nine cases of complete dislocation of the talus have been reviewed. Reduction of the talus after the severe injury is thought to be fruitless in most cases, leading to many mouths or years of disability because of the frequency of infection and loss of vascular supply to the talus. A more aggressive approach using talectomy and some type of tibial calcaneal arthrodesis as part of the initial treatment is suggested.
Enhancing Diversity in Academic Neurology: From Agnosia to Action

Abstract Although recent years have seen a rapid increase in the diversity of patient populations and of society in general, individuals who belong to historically disadvantaged groups continue to struggle to achieve fuller representation and success in academic medicine. This is particularly true in academic neurology, where faculty from racial and ethnic minority groups are grossly under-represented. Raising awareness of this problem in the field is an important first step toward developing coordinated, strategic approaches to enhancing diversity in neurology. Therefore, the aims of this brief article are to underscore the increasing importance of diversity in neurology, point out some of the specific challenges that face diversity efforts in academic neurology, and suggest strategies that leaders in the field could consider in order to enhance the diversity of neurology departments. Ann Neurol 2016;79:705-708.
Hybrid systems approach to modeling stochastic dynamics of cell size

A ubiquitous feature of all living cells is their growth over time followed by division into two daughter cells. How a population of genetically identical cells maintains size homeostasis, i.e., a narrow distribution of cell size, is an intriguing fundamental problem. We model size using a stochastic hybrid system, where a cell grows exponentially over time and probabilistic division events are triggered at discrete time intervals. Moreover, whenever these events occur, size is randomly partitioned among daughter cells. We first consider a scenario, where a timer (i.e., cell-cycle clock) that measures the time since the last division event regulates cellular growth and the rate of cell division. Analysis reveals that such a timer-driven system cannot achieve size homeostasis, in the sense that, the cell-to-cell size variation grows unboundedly with time. To explore biologically meaningful mechanisms for controlling size we consider three different classes of models: i) a size-dependent growth rate and timer-dependent division rate; ii) a constant growth rate and size-dependent division rate and iii) a constant growth rate and division rate that depends both on the cell size and timer. We show that each of these strategies can potentially achieve bounded intercellular size variation, and derive closed-form expressions for this variation in terms of underlying model parameters. Finally, we discuss how different organisms have adopted the above strategies for maintaining cell size homeostasis.
Alpha-2 lipoprotein in man and its relation to myocardial infarction.

Summary and ConclusionData are presented which indicate that an abnormal type of cholesterol lipoprotein curve is associated with a history of recovery from a previous myocardial infarction. The type of curve obtained from a given individual is relatively constant over years. As yet we are unable to say whether the abnormal type of curve develops prior to, or after, initial infarction, or whether degree of abnormality is of any prognostic value. The relationship which exists suggests the need for further studies as to diagnostic and prognostic value of this method in the study of myocardial infarction.
Study of White Noise Corner Frequency Location in Residual Phase Noise Measurement with Short and Long Cavity Lengths

We present an investigation of the white noise plateau in residual phase noise measurement of an optical frequency comb for short and long external laser cavity lengths.
Arbuscular mycorrhizae in thermal-influenced soils in Yellowstone National Park

Mycorrhizae are common plant-fungal symbioses occurring in most land plants. Despite their ubiquity, little is known about the distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) in extreme environments. We surveyed for the presence of AM in thermal sites in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) where soils are characterized by extreme pHs, elevated temperatures, and toxic element concentrations. Plants at 5 sites, growing in soils with rooting-zone temperatures up to 48°C and soil pH values as low as 3.4, were mycorrhizal (colonization levels from 4% to 34%). Soils from a sparsely vegetated thermal area and an adjacent, continuously vegetated transition area differed significantly in rooting-zone temperature (35°C vs. 26°C), acidity (pH 3.8 vs. 5.4), electrical conductivity (2.22 vs. 0.49 mmhos cm -1 ), Fe (181.3 vs. 48.5 mg kg -1 ),Mn (7.2 vs. 98.2 mg kg -1 ), and Zn (2.3 vs. 4.5 mg kg -1 ). Mycorrhizal infectivity potential (MIP) was 77% greater in the transition soils, with colonization levels of 26% and 46% in thermal and transition soils, respectively. Furthermore, colonization of Agrostis scabra , Dichanthelium lanuginosum , and Mimulus guttatus was found to be consistently high throughout the growing season (from 48% to 72%). It is possible that AM are essential for plant life on the edge of thermal areas, and that either or both symbionts are specifically adapted to their environment. Further research is required to elucidate AM function in and specific adaptations to YNP's thermal areas.
Efficacy Observation of Reduning Injection in Treating Hand,Foot and Mouth Disease(HFMD) in 200 Cases of Children

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and security of Reduning injection in treating HFMD in children.Methods Randomly selected 200 cases who diagnosed HFMD patients from the Hangzhou Children's Hospital in April 2010 ~ August 2010,which were divided into treatment group and control group,100 cases in each.The treatment group are received Reduning injection 0.6mL/kg by adding normal saline 100~250mL in the intravenous infusion,one time a day;The control group are received ribavirin injection(10~15)mg/kg by adding 5% glucose injection 100~250mL in intravenous infusion,one time a day.Compare efficienty、symptoms and signs improved time between two groups.Results In the treatment of HFMD,temperature droping,rash subsiding,appetite improving and the disease improving of Reduning injection are markedly better than the control group.Conclusion Reduning injection has the advantage of rapid onset,short duration,curative effect,safe and trusty,worthy of promotion in the treatment of HFMD.
Comparative Identification between Biochemical and Molecular Biological Method of Six Strains of Brucellosis in Quanzhou City

Objective To compare the conformity between biochemical identification and PCR detection technology of Brucella.Methods The blood(marrow)positive samples were identified by VITECK 2COMPACT,while extraction of microbial DNA was amplified using Brucella universal primersBCSP31.The PCR results were examined with agarose gel electrophoresis and sequenced.ResultsThe six pathogenic bacteria were identified as Brucella by VITECK 2COMPACT,and they were also detected conformity by fluorescent PCR and by online blast analysis.Conclusion Combination of isolation and cultivation of bacteria with BCSP31PCR method can improve the detection of Brucella.
Benefits of glucose and oxygen in multidose cold cardioplegia.

We tested the effects of glucose and oxygen in cardioplegic solutions on myocardial protection in the isolated perfused working rat heart. Recovery from 2 hours’ hypothermic (8° C) cardioplegic arrest was examined in 93 hearts. Cardioplegic solution, which was delivered every 15 minutes, was supplemented with glucose 28 mmol/L as a substrate or sucrose 28 mmol/L as a nonmetabolizable osmotic control; it was equilibrated with either 98 % oxygen or 98% nitrogen, both with 2% carbon dioxide. Four combinations of hyperkalemic cardioplegic solution were studied: nitrogen-sucrose, nitrogen-glucose, oxygen-sucrose, and oxygen-glucose. During hypothermic arrest, oxygcnation of cardioplegic solution greatly reduced myocardial lactate production and prevented ischemic contracture as indicated by coronary vascular resistance. Glucose increased lactate production modestly but significantly only when the cardioplegic solution was nitrogenated. Although end-arrest myocardial adenosine triphosphate and creatine phosphate were greatly increased by oxygenation of cardioplegic solution (p horac C ardiovasc S urg 1992;103:219—29)
Cation permeability alterations during sickling: relationship to cation composition and cellular hydration of irreversibly sickled cells

Sickle erythrocytes (RBC) incubated under 100% nitrogen for 4 hr manifested marked Na gain with an equivalent K loss. There were no changes in cell total cation or water content under these conditions, and no irreversible sickle cells (ISC) were formed. In contrast, sickle RBC incubated for 24 hr under 100% nitrogen in a glucose-free Na medium containing calcium manifested marked ISC formation. ISC formed under these conditions also had elevated Na content, although K content was much more reduced, and consequently ISC were cation depleted and dehydrated. When sickle RBC were incubated 24 hr under 100% nitrogen in a glucose-free K medium containing calcium no ISC formed and there were no major changes in cation or water content. These studies indicate that the Na+K content and dehydration of ISC was not directly related to the increased cation permeability associated with sickling. Rather, the ISC changes appear to reflect the well-known Gardos effect (K and water loss occurring in ATP-depleted RBC incubated with calcium). In addition, these studies suggest that ISC formation per se is related to K and water loss, since no ISC were formed when ATP-depleted sickle RBC were deoxygenated in calcium-containing high-K media that prevented K loss and dehydration.
Multiscale Bayesian Estimation and Data Rectification

Most measured data contain features localized at multiple scales in time and frequency. Multiscale approaches to state estimation and data rectification offer attractive alternatives to traditional single scale methods by exploiting the ability of wavelets to approximately decorrelate many autocorrelated stochastic processes and extract deterministic features in a signal. This chapter describes several important features of the framework, (a) a Bayesian approach for efficiently fusing prior information with measured data subject to process model constraints, (b) the ability of wavelets to extract temporal dynamics in scale leading to efficient rectification methods for processes lacking accurate models, (c) multiscale linear models to describe the time—scale localized evolution of the system leading to adaptive estimation in time and scale and (d) parallelizable and computationally efficient algorithms. Most existing single scale methods as well their multiscale analogues are shown to be special cases of the general multiscale Bayesian approach.
Visual Tracking Eye Movement Characteristics in Concussion-Vulnerable Population and in Recovering Patients (I13.013)

Objective: An objective and easily administered concussion screening tool would allow for a potentially injured individual to be appropriately referred for further testing and be monitored for return to activity. Background: Eye movement records can provide a sensitive indicator of brain functioning. On the standardized circular visual tracking test that we developed, we have seen a wide spectrum of inter-individual performance variability while there is relatively small intra-individual variability. Thus, visual tracking indices may have screening utility when the performance of a potentially concussed individual is compared to norms, and utility for monitoring individual recovery when the individual’s performance scores are compared across multiple time points. Design/Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of clinical data using the circular visual tracking test. We collected normative scores in a population of collegiate athletes (N=400) and patient scores obtained from an outpatient concussion clinic (N=100). We hypothesize: i) concussive injuries are associated with impairment in visual tracking performance; ii) the degree of performance impairment changes over time within an individual, reduces over time in most patients, and eventually stabilizes within a normal range. Results: The following results will be provided: 1) Characterization of the performance norms of a cohort of collegiate athletes (N=400), examining (a) the demographic characteristics and (b) the performance score distributions contrasted with existing datasets; and 2) Characterization of performance of concussion clinic patients (N=75), examining (a) the relationship within individuals comparing time after the initial concussive injury and performance score, (b) trends of performance score changes, and (c) individuals’ progression of performance score changes in terms of their standing in existing datasets. Conclusions: Further development of visual tracking normative datasets and injury recovery profiles for high-risk populations such as athletes will allow for increased sensitivity for clinical assessment. Disclosure: Dr. Little has nothing to disclose. Dr. Maruta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kolakowsky-Hayner has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tong has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rajashekar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jamshid has nothing to disclose.
PCSK9 Is Increased in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with a 10-fold increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, due in part to dyslipidemia. Patients with poorly controlled T1D show an increase in total and LDL cholesterol as well as elevated apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels. Moreover, even patients with well-controlled T1D can show increased levels of ApoB. Dyslipidemia is particularly important in females with T1D, as the atheroprotective lipoprotein profile and reduced risk of CVD usually observed in females without diabetes are lost in females with diabetes (1,2). Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has recently emerged as a novel regulator of plasma cholesterol levels: gain-of-function PCSK9 mutations increase LDL cholesterol and CVD risk, whereas inhibitors of PCSK9 lower LDL cholesterol. Although PCSK9 is increased in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes (3,4), it is not known whether PCSK9 levels are also changed in individuals with T1D. Here, we measured PCSK9 levels in a subset of a previously described cohort of T1D and control subjects (5). For the current study, subjects with serum available for PCSK9 measurement were matched for age and sex between each group using the frequency matching method. Subjects who reported taking statin medications at the time of the study were excluded from the analyses ( n = 3, all from T1D …
In Extropy We Trust: A Systems Theory Approach to Identifying Transhumanism’s Religious Philosophy

Is transhumanism a religious movement? While proponents of transhumanism reject the movement’s identification with religion, a variety of scholars have identified parallel characteristics between transhumanism and the world’s religious traditions. While comparative approaches are helpful, this chapter provides a functional analysis of the idea of extropy, arguably transhumanism’s core philosophy, in the context of Niklas Luhmann’s application of systems theory to religion. I will show that the philosophy of extropy and its realization through technological enhancement fits Luhmann’s form/context model concerning the function of religious meaning within social systems.
Supporting Our Team Through Creating Awareness: The Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Sonographer Relations Committee Response to the 2016 Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography Consensus Conference on Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders.

AbstractMusculoskeletal injuries have been and remain a significant issue for sonographers. Despite its importance, the topic of musculoskeletal injury in sonographers has received little attention in the radiology literature. Our goal is to bring this extremely important issue to the forefront, wit
Building an International Sociology of Work

The sociology of work has thrived during eras of fundamental economic, political, and social change. During eras of industrialization, labor mobilization, and democratization, sociologists of work have applied their rigorous social scientific techniques to wrestle with and resolve wrenching human problems and thorny theoretical issues associated with new social relations in workplaces, labor markets, and societies. Among the pioneers of the sociology of work, for example, Karl Marx analyzed sharpening class inequalities that accompanied capital concentration and accumulation; Emile Durkheim examined the impact of the increasing complexity of the division of labor on anomie and community; and Max Weber characterized the new bureaucratic social order as an “iron cage.”
Development of a brief, self-administered instrument for assessing sleep knowledge in medical education: "the ASKME Survey".

STUDY OBJECTIVES This report describes the construction and validation of a brief self-administered scale to assess sleep knowledge in medical education ("ASKME Survey"). Few measures of this type have been developed previously; none have been validated or widely adopted. The current instrument was designed as a standardized assessment measure for use in medical education in sleep. DESIGN Instrument was developed in four phases: initial item selection, expert panel review, reliability and construct validity assessment, and final item selection. Content validity was assessed in six general domains: basic sleep principles; circadian sleep/wake regulation; normal sleep architecture; sleep disorders; effects of drugs and alcohol on sleep; and sleep in medical disorders. SETTING N/A. PARTICIPANTS Medical students at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School (RWJMS) and University of Kentucky College of Medicine; students in clinical psychology, nursing and other health-related professions at Rutgers University; school nurses at Texas Christian University; practicing physicians; accredited sleep specialists. INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Individual item analysis of 30-item survey demonstrated a high degree of discriminant validity. Internal consistency for test items was relatively high (KR-20=0.89). Overall mean percentage correct was highest for accredited sleep specialists (85.3%+/-10.8%) and lowest for school nurses (53.1%+/-13.7%). Significant group differences were observed across all question categories (p < 0.0001). Medical students scored significantly higher than the nurses on questions related to sleep architecture (59.5% vs. 42.5%) and narcolepsy (36.4% vs. 21.3%). CONCLUSIONS "ASKME" demonstrates a high degree of internal consistency and reliability among survey items. It discriminates between samples with varied levels of education, experience, and specialty training. The survey is currently available via the American Academy of Sleep Medicine website (http://www.aasmnet.org).
Amorphous titanic acid electrode: its electrochemical storage of ammonium in a new water-in-salt electrolyte

We report an amorphous titanic acid of TiO1.85(OH)0.30·0.28H2O as a new electrode for aqueous ammonium-ion batteries, which operates in a new water-in-salt electrolyte-25 m NH4CH3COO. The titanic acid electrode exhibits a specific capacity nearly 8 times that from the crystalline TiO2 electrode. In electrochemical reactions, the amorphous titanic acid provides abundant storage sites in its disordered structure and affords strong H-bonding toward the inserted NH4+ ions.
Functional Morphology of the Cardiac Myocyte

Abstract Cardiac myocytes are the contractile cells that enable the heart to function as a pump. They are, thus, responsible for ensuring that sufficient oxygenated blood and metabolites reach the tissues to meet the body’s needs, whether at rest or during exercise. Each myocyte beats over three billion times in a typical human lifespan; to work as an effective pump, the activities of over three billion myocytes must be synchronized. To fulfill these functions, the cardiac myocyte is equipped with highly specialized subcellular machinery. With the aid of a range of complementary high resolution imaging techniques, this chapter illustrates and explains how the key structural components of the myocyte are organized to enable the coupling of electrical excitation to contraction of the myofibrils, and how the contractile activities of individual cells are coordinated to achieve organ function.
A Pathway to Avoiding Threats

How does our brain give rise to passive or active defensive responses when we are confronted with threats? In a recent study in Cell, Terburg, Scheggia and colleagues (Terburg et al., 2018) show that, in both humans and rats, a pathway originating from the amygdala can help suppress passive responses, thereby facilitating active responses to imminent threats.
Marijuana use and major depressive disorder are additively associated with reduced verbal learning and altered cortical thickness

Marijuana (MJ) use and major depressive disorder (MDD) have both been associated with deficits in verbal learning and memory as well as structural brain abnormalities. It is not known if MJ use by those with MDD confers additional impairment. The goal of this study was to examine unique and combined effects of MDD and MJ use on verbal memory and brain structure. Young adults (n=141) aged 18–25 years with MJ use and no lifetime MDD (MJ, n=46), MDD and no MJ use (MDD, n=23), MJ use and lifetime MDD (MDD+MJ, n=24), and healthy controls without MDD or MJ use (CON, n=48) were enrolled. Participants completed the California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition (CVLT-II), a measure of verbal learning and memory. A sub-sample of 82 participants also underwent a structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Group differences in CVLT-II performance, cortical thickness, and hippocampal volume were assessed. We found an additive effect of MDD and MJ on memory recall. Only MDD, but not MJ, was associated with poorer initial learning, fewer words recalled, more intrusion errors, and lower percent retention. There was also an additive effect of MDD and MJ use on reduced cortical thickness in the middle temporal gyrus. Findings indicate that MJ use and MDD have additive adverse associations with verbal recall and cortical thickness in the middle temporal gyrus, suggesting that MJ use among those with MDD may be contraindicated. Prospective studies are warranted to determine whether this association may be causal.