cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Open renal biopsy. New technique.

Abstract A new simplified technique for open renal biopsy is described. It consists of using a common laboratory cork bore to obtain a deep and adequate specimen and oxidized cellulose for the control of hemorrhage. The procedure performed successfully in animals was used in 7 patients. Two cases are briefly discussed, and the advantages of the method are emphasized.
Survivorship care plans and time since diagnosis: factors that contribute to who breast cancer survivors see for the majority of their care.

The study purpose is to describe who breast cancer survivors see for their care by years since diagnosis and determine the association between time since diagnosis and the type of clinician providing the majority of care, taking into account receipt of follow-up care instructions. The 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was used to identify a sample (N = 1024) of women with a self-reported history of breast cancer. Descriptive characteristics were calculated and stratified by years since diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression adjusting for age, income, and receiving follow-up care instructions was performed to evaluate the association between years since diagnosis and clinician providing the majority of care. The type of clinician reported most frequently was a primary care provider. Women 0–1 year since diagnosis had the highest proportion reporting a cancer-related clinician for their care. After adjustment, women 0–1, 2–3, and 4–5 years since diagnosis were respectively 2.1, 2.6, and 1.7 times more likely to have a cancer-related clinician providing the majority of care compared to women 6+ years since diagnosis (respective 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) 1.0–4.3; 1.4–4.6; 0.9–3.1). Breast cancer survivors receive the majority of their care from primary care providers, and years since diagnosis has a significant impact on who survivors see for their care. Breast cancer survivors have nationally recommended follow-up guidelines; however, the type of clinician that should provide care is not specified. Information regarding who provides the majority of care can be used for future planning and policy development.
A Theoretical Model of the NORSAR Seismic Noise Field

Summary The Earthquake Mechanism Laboratory performed seismic noise experiments at the Norwegian Seismic Array (NORSAR) during the winter of 1968–1969. Coherence estimates, made for the seismic noise field, show azimuthal dependency as well as pronounced secondary maxima. The observed cross-spectra can be explained by an interference process of seismic waves approaching from different directions. For a constant seismic wave velocity, the model cross-spectra give frequency-dependent time differences between sensors. Comparisons between the modelled and real cross-spectral estimates show good agreement.
Analysis of State Dependent Vacation Queues with Threshold Gated Service Policy

In this article, the authors introduce a simple approach for modeling and analyzing a queue where the server may take repeated vacations. When a busy period ends, the server takes a vacation of random duration. At the end of each vacation, the server may either start a new vacation or resume service. If a queue is found of less than customers, the server will always take a new vacation. If there are at least customers in queue, the server provides services to those customers after a brief set-up time. The authors obtain several performance measures of the system, including the mean and second moment of the cycle time, the number of customers in a cycle of service, and the expected delay experienced by a customer.
What Civic Organizations Can Do to Engage Citizens in Environmental Action

Whether or not citizens become mobilized around climate action has the potential to determine whether policymakers take significant steps towards carbon reduction. After the failure of climate chan...
Structure, features, and faculty content in ARL member repositories

Abstract Questions about the optimal way to present repository content to authors, submitters, and end-users, prompted this study. The authors examined, through an observation and a survey, the institutional repositories of peer institutions in the ARL for good practices related to the presentation and organization of faculty-authored institutional repository content.
Impact of B-Mode Color Encoding on Rapid Detection of Ultrasound Targets: An In Vitro Study

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact that new B-Mode color encoding schemes have on an observer's ability to rapidly detect ultrasound targets in an in vitro system. Four phantoms were created with five-, six-, or seven-tissue—density objects. Each phantom was scanned in routine grey scale (256 grey levels) and in three different color encoding algorithms. A test tape containing 3- and 5-second exposures, in random order, to the different phantoms recorded in grey and B-mode color was then prepared and viewed by 21 observers. Results were tabulated as the mean number of absolute errors in object recognition, per observer, per scan, for both the 3- and 5-second exposures. Each color scheme reduced observer detection error rates compared with error rates with grey scale recordings when viewed for 3 seconds. There was no reduction in error rates when 5-second exposures were viewed. We conclude that in an in vitro system, new B-mode color encoding schemes may facilitate rapid and accurate detection of soft-tissue targets.
INTEGRATED RESPONSE PLANNING FOR OILED WILDLIFE

ABSTRACT Expanding oil development and global transportation of oil has greatly increased the potential for impact on wildlife. This paper will focus on key elements for developing a wildlife response plan as an integral part of an overall spill response plan and will delineate how a well planned and organized wildlife response can be cost effective, can substantially increase the likelihood of saving animals, and can increase regional response capacity. A Wildlife Response Plan as an integral component of an overall spill plan includes professional oiled wildlife responders; current and effective oiled wildlife protocols; knowledge and understanding of standard oil spill response plans, wildlife risk assessments, background information on both the geographic area the plan covers and baseline data on wildlife in the area; and promotes a clear strategy with realistic goals for wildlife response. Just as with an overall spill response plan, a wildlife plan must incorporate safety as an overarching theme and...
Clinical and genetic heterogeneity in congenital hyperinsulinism.

Congenital hyperinsulinism is one of the most common causes of recurrent hypoglycaemia in early infancy. It is characterised by dysregulation of insulin secretion. Over the last few years, substantial progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms of normal and pathological insulin secretion. Mutations in different genes (those for the sulphonylurea receptor, inward-rectifying potassium channel, glutamate dehydrogenase and glucokinase) are associated with different modes of inheritance. The clinical heterogeneity of the various forms is explained by different pathogenic mechanisms resulting in inappropriate, partly unregulated secretion of insulin. Early recognition of hypoglycaemia, correct differentiation between histological types (focal or diffuse), and maintenance of adequate glucose levels are of critical importance for the outcome of these patients. Conclusion: the recent advances in the knowledge of the basis of congenital hyperinsulinism have resulted in new diagnostic and treatment strategies. Application of these aspects to general clinical practice will lead to an improvement of the management and long-term outcome of affected patients.
Engineering commitment-based multiagent systems: a temporal logic approach

Commitments model important aspects of agent interactions, especially those arising in e-business. A small number of patterns of commitments accommodate a variety of realistic interactions among agents. We represent these patterns and agent behavior models formally and show how certain behavior models can be formally proved to be sound for certain patterns. Thus a designer may use a library of patterns and behaviors to engineer systems that are guaranteed to work correctly.
THE EFFECT OF ACIDS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES IN THE PRODUCTION OF ACUTE GASTRIC ULCERS

Although other investigators have attempted to demonstrate that histamine has the power of producing acute ulcers when injected locally into the stomach wall, our experiments show clearly that this is a very inconstant finding for, of six instances, we were only able to obtain a small healed mucosal ulcer in one. Even when dilute acid (0.3 per cent hydrochloric acid) was fed to these animals they did not develop ulcers or erosions. It has also been stated that histamine, given subcutaneously, may produce ulcers secondarily to oversecretion of acid, especially when at the same time histamine has been injected into the stomach wall. We have been unable to confirm this observation. In our series of experiments on dogs which were observed over a varying period of time ranging from 4 to 95 days we utilized other substances in addition to histamine. After establishing controls, sterile water, normal saline, 50 per cent glucose, skimmed milk, whole milk, omnadin, lipiodol, bismuth subcarbonate, pituitrin (S.), activin, histamine, adrenalin and insulin were injected into the muscular coat of the stomach and it was found that such procedures rarely produced any definite changes in the stomach mucosa even when supplemented by the feeding of dilute hydrochloric acid (0.3 per cent hydrochloric acid). We were able to demonstrate conclusively that the trauma involved in our operative procedure could not in itself account for any of the pathological findings. We were also able to show that the pressure due to the injected materials did not produce erosions or ulcerations. The injections of acids produced varying results. Diluted acid (0.3 per cent) injected into the stomach wall gave almost uniformly negative results but when combined with the feeding of acid of equal strength erosions were occasionally produced. Our results with 0.5 per cent hydrochloric add were also inconstant. The 1 per cent hydrochloric acid produced, in many instances, definite ulcerations even when not accompanied by the feeding of acid.
Effects of modifications of residues in position 3 of dynorphin A(1−11)-NH2 on κ receptor selectivity and potency

Tyrosine1 and phenylalanine4 in dynorphin A (Dyn A) have been reported to be important residues for opioid agonist activity and for potency at kappa receptors. The glycine residues in the 2 and 3 positions of dynorphin A may affect the relative orientation of the aromatic rings in positions 1 and 4, but their flexibility precludes careful analysis. To examine these effects on dynorphin A, we previously have synthesized the linear analogues [D-Ala3]Dyn A(1-11)-NH2 (2) and [Ala3]Dyn A(1-11)-NH2 (3) and reported their biological activities. Analogues 2 and 3 displayed affinities for the central kappa opioid receptor (IC50 = 0.76 and 1.1 nM, respectively) similar to that of Dyn A(1-11)-NH2 (1) (IC50 = 0.58 nM) and greatly enhanced selectivities for kappa vs mu and kappa vs delta receptors (IC50 ratios of 350 and 1300 for 2, and 190 and 660 for 3, respectively). These results suggest that the structure and lipophilicity of the amino acid present in position 3 of Dyn A(1-11)-NH2 as well as the conformational changes they induce in the message sequence of dynorphin have important effects on potency and selectivity for kappa opioid receptors. To further investigate structure-activity relationships involving the residue at the 3 position of Dyn A(1-11)-NH2, a series of Dyn A analogues with aromatic, charged, and aliphatic side chain substitutions at the 3 position was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their affinities for kappa, mu, and delta opioid receptors. It was found that analogues with lipophilic amino acids at the 3 position of Dyn A(1-11)-NH2 generally displayed higher affinity but similar selectivities for the kappa receptor than analogues with charged residues at the same position. It is suggested that the structural, configurational, and steric/lipophilic effects of amino acids at position 3 of Dyn A(1-11)-NH2 may play an important role in potency and selectivity for the kappa receptor.
Rocket Sounding of High Atmosphere Meteorological Parameters

The need for systematic data collection pertaining to meteorological parameters in the high atmosphere has led to the development of several relatively economical meteorological rocket vehicles and uncomplicated rocket payloads. The progress toward an optimum system has been encouraging during the past two years, but the over-all state of the sensor development has lagged behind rocket performance. The complexity of the atmosphere in the area of interest indicates a need for extensive theoretical study in the application of sensors and corrective techniques applied to empirical data obtained during rocket flights. The Signal Corps has been active in the development and testing of rocket vehicles and sensors as well as telemetry systems for recovery of the measured data. Over one hundred and fifty rounds have been fired at White Sands Missile Range in testing of hardware and techniques and in training personnel and perfecting launching techniques for application in a more comprehensive observations system. The Loki meteorological sounding rocket has proven to be the first reliable vehicle to be used in large numbers. It can be fired under almost all conditions, but is restricted in payload to the simplest sensors. So far, only wind measurements have been made, using a small parachute below 150,000 feet and chaff above that level to 280,000 feet. The Arcas has considerably increased the capability of the system by providing telemetry for other sensors as payload on a 15-foot diameter parachute.
Fixation probabilities when the population size undergoes cyclic fluctuations.

Let us assume that there is a monoecious random mating population that changes cyclically in size. Then, the probability that a nonrecessive favorable mutant is ultimately fixed, if it is originally present in a single heterozygote, is approximately proportional to the harmonic mean of the effective population sizes in the cycle and inversely proportional to the population size when the mutant appears. This approximation works well if the selective advantage s of the mutant is small and the length k of a cycle is small in comparison with the population sizes in a cycle. If k is large the harmonic mean is, in general, replaced by a weighted harmonic mean that puts the largest weights on reciprocals of effective population sizes in the first few generations after the mutant appears.
Antiinflammatory proteins associated with human and murine neoplasms

The immune mechanisms by which a host recognizes and destroys a growing tumor are undoubtedly complex and, as yet, incompletely understood. It is apparent, however, that mononuclear phagocytes play an important role in the defense against neoplastic disease and that the ability of monocytes and macrophages to accumulate at and within a growing tumor is a strict requirement for them to effect that role. Studies from our laboratory as well as those of other investigators have demonstrated that patients with a variety of neoplastic diseases have a specific defect in monocyte chemotactic responsiveness and that this defect is associated with the presence of the tumor. Furthermore, we and others have shown that a similar defect occurs in tumor-bearing rodents, thus allowing model systems to be developed for the study of the mechanisms involved. We have demonstrated that transplanted, spontaneous or carcinogen-induced murine tumors produce low molecular weight proteins which inhibit the accumulation of macrophages to inflammatory foci and that a significant portion, if not all, of these proteins are physicochemically and antigenically related to the retroviral envelope protein p15E. We have shown that p15E itself can inhibit the inflammatory accumulation of macrophages in normal mice. Studies on a wide variety of cancer patients have revealed that the fluids of such patients contain proteins which inhibit the responses of normal monocytes to various chemotaxins and, as in tumor-bearing mice, that these antiinflammatory proteins are antigenically related to retroviral p15E. Recent studies have demonstrated that human tumor cells can simultaneously release factors which are chemotactic for monocytes with those which are p15E-related inhibitors of chemotactic responsiveness, suggesting that the mononuclear phagocyte response to a growing tumor may be, in part, dictated by the balance obtained between various proteins produced by that tumor. The isolation and characterization of endogenous retroviral sequences within the human genome and the observation that the envelope genes of these endogenous sequences are partially homologous to p15E provide potential candidates for the p15E-related inhibitors of chemotactic responses which have been identified from human cancer cells and fluids. Studies now under way in a number of laboratories should provide more definitive answers regarding the nature and source of these p15E-related inhibitors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Groups, Teams, and Creativity: The Creative Potential of Idea‐generating Groups

On voit apparaitre une nouvelle litte´rature traitant de la cre´ativite´ et de l’innovation dans les groupes et les e´quipes. Bien que de nombreaux facteurs inhibent la cre´ativite´ des groupes, nos investigations et analyses indiquent que l’interaction dans les groupes et e´quipes serait une source fe´conde d’innovations et d’ide´es cre´atives. On pre´sente dans cet article un mode`le the´orique de la cre´ativite´ dans les groupes producteurs d’ide´es et l’impact sur le travail en e´quipe et les recherches a` venir. There is an emerging literature on group and team creativity and innovation. Although there are many factors that appear to inhibit creativity in groups, our review and analysis suggests that interaction in groups and teams can be an important source of creative ideas and innovations. A theoretical model of creativity in idea-generating groups is developed and implications for teamwork and future research are presented.
Réintervention endovasculaire aortique thoracique pour endofuite avec schnorcel du tronc coeliaque

Les reinterventions pour endofuite apres chirurgie aortique avec stengraft sont souvent difficiles. Nous rapportons le traitement endovasculaire d'une endofuite chez un patient ayant deja des stentgrafts thoracique et abdominal avec une couverture etendue de l'aorte. Cette technique a comporte un schnorchel du tronc coeliaque pour preserver un flux anterograde dans le tronc coeliaque et pour maintenir de futures options de reintervention.
950 Dual Ambulatory pH Monitoring in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Rendered Asymptomatic With Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy

Background Studies have suggested that proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) achieves high rates of esophageal acid normalization.
Improved heat recovery from paraffin-based phase change materials due to the presence of percolating graphene networks

Abstract Presently, engineers are unable to fully utilize the high thermal energy storage capacities of paraffin-based phase change materials (PCMs) in electronics cooling and waste heat recovery applications due to their inherently low thermal conductivities, which result in slow melting and solidification rates. In order to increase the paraffin’s thermal conductivity, several groups have implanted nanoparticles within PCMs. Despite remarkable improvements in their thermal conductivities, however, it is expected that less thermal energy can be harvested during the nanocomposite PCM’s solidification period due to the removal of some PCM mass in favor of the nanoparticles. In this study, a heat exchanger system is used to extract thermal energy that has been stored within paraffin nanocomposites embedded in a thermal containment unit (TCU). We find that the amount of thermal energy that can be harnessed from MWCNT, Al or TiO2 nanocomposite PCMs (at 20 v.% concentrations) is approximately 15–17% lower than the amount that can be extracted from the base paraffin during its period of solidification, as expected. However, the amount of thermal energy that can be harnessed from paraffin in the presence of graphene nanoparticle networks (15 nm thickness, 15 μm diameter, at 20 v.%) is found to be nearly 11% greater than for the base paraffin. Based on these results, it is posited that the paraffin’s alkane molecules are beginning to align across the face of the graphene nanoparticles, resulting in a more crystalline paraffin structure at the graphene–paraffin interface and a higher absolute phase change enthalpy. Consequently, it is expected that this work will open up new avenues of research for the creation of advanced nanocomposite PCMs with exceptionally high thermal conductivities and thermal energy storage capacities.
Downscaling future climate scenarios to fine scales for hydrologic and ecological modeling and analysis

Evaluating the environmental impacts of climate change on water resources and biological components of the landscape is an integral part of hydrologic and ecological investigations, and the resultant land and resource management in the twenty-first century. Impacts of both climate and simulated hydrologic parameters on ecological processes are relevant at scales that reflect the heterogeneity and complexity of landscapes. At present, simulations of climate change available from global climate models [GCMs] require downscaling for hydrologic or ecological applications. Using statistically downscaled future climate projections developed using constructed analogues, a methodology was developed to further downscale the projections spatially using a gradient-inverse-distance-squared approach for application to hydrologic modeling at 270-m spatial resolution. This paper illustrates a methodology to downscale and bias-correct national GCMs to subkilometer scales that are applicable to fine-scale environmental processes. Four scenarios were chosen to bracket the range of future emissions put forth by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Fine-scale applications of downscaled datasets of ecological and hydrologic correlations to variation in climate are illustrated. The methodology, which includes a sequence of rigorous analyses and calculations, is intended to reduce the addition of uncertainty to the climate data as a result of the downscaling while providing the fine-scale climate information necessary for ecological analyses. It results in new but consistent data sets for the US at 4 km, the southwest US at 270 m, and California at 90 m and illustrates the utility of fine-scale downscaling to analyses of ecological processes influenced by topographic complexity.
Application of invariant imbedding to linear multipoint boundary value problems with general boundary conditions

Two extensions of the usual application of invariant imbedding to the solution of linear boundary value problems are presented. The invariant imbedding formulation of a linear two point boundary value problem in which functional relationships are given between the variables at either one or both of the boundary points is presented. Also, extension of invariant imbedding to linear multipoint boundary value problems is given. Using these extensions singly or in combination, a general multipoint boundary value of linear ordinary differential equations can be solved. In addition, the problems of infinite initial conditions and / or indeterminate initial derivatives are resolved. Numerical examples demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of the method.
Phototherapy and Photochemotherapy of Skin Diseases

One important aspect of photomedicine is the use of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation with and without exogenous photosensitizers to treat diseases. Phototoxicity (cell injury by photons) is a likely mechanism for phototherapy and photochemotherapy of several skin diseases. The mechanism of action for phototherapy of hyperbilirubinemia and of uremic pruritus appears to be photochemical alteration of extracellular inetabolites. Psoriasis is an example of a disease benefitted by several forms of phototherapy and photocheinotherapy with varying relative effectiveness and safety. Two successful forms of treatment are oral psoralen photochemotherapy and UVB plus topical adjunctive agents. New information about UVB therapy of psoriasis includes data about the therapeutic action spectrum and about the relative roles of various topical agents such as coal tar, mineral oil, "lubricants" and steroids. Although there are many surface similarities, phototherapy and psoralen photochemotherapy have fundamental differences which may alter longterm risks in quantitative and qualitative ways.
Patterns of Surgical Care and Health Disparities of Treating Pediatric Finger Amputation Injuries in the United States

Background Digital amputation in children is a very strong indication for replantation, but little is known about the epidemiology and distribution of care for pediatric finger amputation injuries in the United States. The specific aims of this study were to examine trends in the surgical management of pediatric finger amputation injuries in the United States from 2000 to 2006, and to identify potential treatment disparities among various demographic groups. Study Design Data from the 2000, 2003, and 2006 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database were used to identify discharge records containing at least one ICD-9-CM procedure code corresponding to digit amputation or replantation. National estimates were generated using weighted frequency calculations, and a weighted logistic regression model was used to examine the influence of various demographic factors on treatment. Results There were 1,321 weighted discharge records that satisfied our inclusion criteria. From 2000 to 2006, the rate of attempted digit replantation for pediatric finger amputation injuries has remained stable at approximately 40%. The majority of injuries were treated at nonchildren's (86%) and teaching (76%) hospitals; 52% of digit replantations were performed at hospitals with a volume of 1 to 2 digit replantations per year. We found that blacks (odds ratio [OR] 0.47), Hispanics (OR 0.37), and children without insurance (OR 0.38) were less likely to receive attempted replantation (all p Conclusions The proportion of pediatric digit amputation injuries managed by replantation remained stable between 2000 and 2006. Whites and children with private health insurance were more likely to receive replantation than blacks, Hispanics, and children without health insurance, even after controlling for confounding factors.
Dip-Coating Deposition on Chemically Patterned Surfaces: A Mechanistic Analysis and Comparison with Topographically Patterned Surfaces

Chemically patterned surfaces containing hydrophilic features on a hydrophobic background have been used by a number of groups to deposit arrays of particles/crystals/substances by dip-coating deposition. In this technique, a substrate is simply withdrawn from a solution (or dispersion) of the desired substance, the solution dewets from the hydrophobic region and wets the hydrophilic features, and the particles/crystals/substances deposit on the hydrophilic features after solvent evaporation. An apparently similar approach, recently described by several groups, involves dip-coating deposition of substances from solutions onto hydrophobic topographic features (arrays of posts on superhydrophobic surfaces) that are separated by air. We report results of dip-coating deposition using chemically patterned surfaces and compare them directly with results from post-containing superhydrophobic surfaces. This comparison involves the analysis of events at receding three-phase contact lines; these events differ signi...
The measurement of conformity

Allport'sJ-curve hypothesis of conforming behavior and its attendant treatment of appropriate data are criticized on the following points: (1) narrowness of application; (2) flexibility of interpretation of results; (3) arbitrary selection of a criterion of conformity; (4) lack of a means by which the extent of conformity in one situation can be compared with that in another; (5) inequality of “telic” units. As an alternative treatment of such data, the method of higher moments is suggested and rationalized. Data from Allport and Solomon are reworked by this method and results compared.
Basic Research in the Context of Applied Research in Personality and Social Psychology

A strategy for basic research in personality and social psychology is outlined, which allows many psychologists to work in non-academic environments. An example is described and analyzed into a series of stages. An interdependence between academic and non-academic settings, with program evaluation may be highly desirable. Graduate programs may consider how the training they provide might make such interdependence possible.
A unified treatment of thick and thin film elastohydrodynamic problems by using higher order element methods

A unified mathematical treatment of thick and thin film elastohydrodynamic lubrication problems is presented. The construction of approximate solutions is discussed by using Ritz-Galerkin methods with piecewise polynomial basis functions. In particular for the line contact problem, smooth Hermite and cubic spline spaces are used to obtain solutions over a wide load-speed range. Pressure ‘spikes’ are obtained.
The unmet needs of depressed adolescent patients: how race, gender, and age relate to evidence-based depression care in rural areas

BackgroundStudies have established that many depressed adolescent patients do not receive optimal mental health care. Specifically, depression in primary-care settings is underrecognized, undertreated, and stigmatized. Although the seriousness and prevalence of adolescent depression is well known to primary-care physicians, its assessment, diagnosis, and treatment remains a significant problem in general and in rural communities in particular.Aims and discussionIn this article, the author accomplishes three aims: (1) summarizes the most current evidence-based guidelines for depression care for adolescents in primary-care settings, (2) reviews the empirical literature on how key patient demographic variables (race, gender, and age) may be correlated with and predictive of variations in evidence-based depression care (assessment, diagnosis, and treatment) for adolescent patients, particularly in rural areas, and (3) provides implications for translating empirical research findings to evidence-based depression care in rural primary-care settings.
Electron Number Densities in Analytical Inductively Coupled Plasmas as Determined via Series Limit Line Merging

A convenient and a rapid technique is introduced to estimate the electron number densities, ne, in inductively coupled plasmas. The method is based on previously reported observations that the principal quantum number of the last discernible line in a series limit depends on ne. The spatially integrated ne values, as determined from the spectra of H, Li, Mg, Al, Ca, and K emitted in a pure Ar plasma ranged between ∼4 × 1014 and ∼3 × 1015 cm−3 for various forward powers and observation heights. These results agreed with ne values derived from other methodologies such as the Stark broadening and absolute continuum intensity.
Carbon monoxide poisoning: a review epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical findings, and treatment options including hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is the leading cause of poisoning deaths (accidental and intentional) in the United States. While confirmation of CO poisoning is easily obtained via assessment of ca...
A modification of the pedicle graft in the treatment of gingival recession

Presented in this article is a technique in which vertical releasing incisions are used to modify the basic pedicle graft procedure in the treatment of localized gingival recession. Criteria for the selection of a proper donor site are discussed, and the rationale for its use is explained. Two case reports are included to demonstrate the use of the procedure.
Responses in embryonic mouse skin to excess vitamin A in organotypic cultures from the trunk, upper lip and lower jaw

Abstract Explants of trunk skin, upper lip and lower jaw of 13 1 2 - to 15-day embryonic mice were cultivated organotypically on the surface of clots consisting of 3 drops of adult cock plasma and 1 drop of chicken embryo extract on large coverslips inverted over Maximow slides. They were incubated at 35.5°C. To some groups of explants vitamin A was added in concentrations ranging from 6.2 to 37.5 IU/ml medium. The tissues were examined microscopically in the living state and in serial sections after 4–14 days of growth and differentiation. Most sections were stained with haemotoxylin, eosin and picric acid or haematoxylin and alcian blue. Contrary to the results of New [25] with watch glass cultures, a number of effects of vitamin A on the epidermis was noted. In addition to the general stimulating effect of the vitamin (hyperplasia and some cell hypertrophy), there was a lobulation of the skin after 3 or 4 days in 92 per cent of trunk skin explants and 82 per cent of upper lip and lower jaw explants receiving non-toxic doses of vitamin A, but no lobulation in any of the control explants. The significance of the lobules and the accompanying morphological changes, which persisted for at least a week, is unknown. Some intracytoplasmic bodies not hitherto described were found, usually in abundance, in the stratum granulosum and sometimes in adjacent strata in 77 per cent of vitamin A-treated explants, but only sparsely in 7 per cent of control explants. These “alcian-positive bodies” were distinguished by a smooth outline and a selective affinity for alcian blue and eosin, from the more irregular haematoxylin-staining keratohyalin granules. They were PAS-positive and diastase-resistant, and their alcian blue reaction is evidence for the presence of mucopolysaccharides. Other effects attributable to the addition of vitamin A to the medium were a consistently present “spongy” stratum corneum, occasional glandlinke downgrowths from the epidermis, and in the upper lip and lower jaw epidermis frequent sloughing of the stratum corneum and shedding of nucleated epidermal cells. In one experiment with upper lip explants, hydrocortisone in a concentration of 7.5 μg/ml failed to modify significantly either the vitamin A responses or the behaviour of control explants. These findings suggest: (1) Although trunk epidermis in the 13 1 2 - to 15-day embryonic mouse does not show inhibition of keratinization or full mucous metaplasia comparable with that in the embryonic chick, there is nevertheless a response to vitamin A which probably involves the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides alongside that of keratin. (2) The epidermis of the upper lip and lower jaw respond to vitamin A not only by mucopolysaccharide synthesis but also by a moderate degree of interference with keratinization.
Rational functions and pseudo-Newton algorithms

Abstract Newton's method for calculating the zeros of a polynomial almost always has periodic orbits or even stable periodic orbits. We identify a rational algorithm that converges globally to a root of the polynomial. We then proceed to examine the topology of the class of all rational functions T that have the property that for a given polynomial p ( x ), T ( x ) = x iff p ( x ) = 0. The topology of this set of rational functions is more complicated than the topology of Rat( n ).
A comparative analysis of Müller glia-mediated regeneration in the vertebrate retina

This article reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the potential of Muller glia to become neuronal progenitor cells in the avian retina. We compare and contrast the remarkable proliferative and neurogenic capacity of Muller glia in the fish retina to the limited capacity of Muller glia in avian and rodent retinas. We summarize recent findings regarding the secreted factors, signaling pathways and cell intrinsic factors that have been implicated in the formation of Muller glia-derived progenitors. We discuss several key similarities and differences between the fish, rodent and chick model systems, highlighting several of the key transcription factors and signaling pathways that regulate the formation of Muller glia-derived progenitors.
Measurements of heart scores and heart weights in horses of two different morphic body types.

Heart scores (the arithmetic mean of the QRS durations of the three bipolar limb leads for 10 cycles) and heart weights were determined from five draft type horses and five racing type horses, and evaluated for relationships between heart score and heart size within and between the two different types of horses. Horses were killed using a captive bolt gun, and actual heart weights were recorded using an electronic digital scale. The linear regression equation for heart weight versus heart score had a significant (P 0.05) different than zero. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference found between draft and racing types. Significant (P 0.05) different between racing and draft type horses.
Water mass ages of coastal ponds estimated using 223Ra and 224Ra as tracers

Abstract Measurements of the naturally occurring radioisotopes 223 Ra ( t 1/2 = 11.4 days) and 224 Ra ( t 1/2 = 3.66 days) in southern Rhode Island salt ponds were combined with a simple model to obtain independent estimates of the age of these coastal waters. Surface water and porewater samples were collected quarterly in Winnapaug, Quonochontaug, Ninigret, Green Hill, and Pt. Judith-Potter Ponds, as well as nearly monthly in the surface water of Rhode Island Sound, beginning January 2002 through August 2003. Surface water activities ranged from 1–78 dpm 100 L − 1 and 5–885 dpm 100 L − 1 for 223 Ra and 224 Ra, respectively. Porewater radium activities ranged from 3 to 715 dpm 100 L − 1 for 223 Ra, and 57–4926 dpm 100 L − 1 for 224 Ra. Results indicate seasonally varying water mass ages for Ninigret (5–12 days), Winnapaug (2–6 days) and Pt. Judith-Potter Ponds (1–9 days) and, in contrast, relatively constant ages for Green Hill (5–7 days) and Quonochontaug Ponds (3–6 days).
Body mass index gain between ages 20 and 40 years and lifestyle characteristics of men at ages 40-60 years: the Adventist Health Study-2.

Summary Background Obesity increases risk of premature disease, and may be associated with unfavorable lifestyle changes that add to risk. This study analyzed the association of midlife BMI change with current lifestyle patterns among multiethnic men. Methods Men aged 40–60 years ( n =9864) retrospectively reported body weight between ages 20–40 years and current dietary, TV, physical activity and sleep practices in the Adventist Health Study II, a study of church-goers in the US and Canada. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, odds ratios for BMI gain were calculated for each lifestyle practice controlling for sociodemographic and other lifestyle factors and current BMI. Results Men with median or higher BMI gain (2.79kg/m 2 ) between ages 20–40 years were more likely to consume a non-vegetarian diet, and engage in excessive TV watching and little physical activity and had a shorter sleep duration compared to men with BMI gain below the median (all p p ≤0.005). BMI gain was associated with lower odds of vegetarian diet (odds ratio [OR] 0.939; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.921–0.957) and of physical activity ≥150min/week (OR 0.979, 95% CI 0.960–0.999). Conclusions These findings imply that diet and less physical activity are associated with both gained and attained BMI, while inactivity (TV watching) and short sleep duration correlated only with attained BMI. Unhealthy lifestyle may add risk to that associated with BMI. Longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to infer causal relationships.
Ocean warming-acidification synergism undermines dissolved organic matter assembly.

Understanding the influence of synergisms on natural processes is a critical step toward determining the full-extent of anthropogenic stressors. As carbon emissions continue unabated, two major stressors—warming and acidification—threaten marine systems on several scales. Here, we report that a moderate temperature increase (from 30°C to 32°C) is sufficient to slow— even hinder—the ability of dissolved organic matter, a major carbon pool, to self-assemble to form marine microgels, which contribute to the particulate organic matter pool. Moreover, acidification lowers the temperature threshold at which we observe our results. These findings carry implications for the marine carbon cycle, as self-assembled marine microgels generate an estimated global seawater budget of ~1016 g C. We used laser scattering spectroscopy to test the influence of temperature and pH on spontaneous marine gel assembly. The results of independent experiments revealed that at a particular point, both pH and temperature block microgel formation (32°C, pH 8.2), and disperse existing gels (35°C). We then tested the hypothesis that temperature and pH have a synergistic influence on marine gel dispersion. We found that the dispersion temperature decreases concurrently with pH: from 32°C at pH 8.2, to 28°C at pH 7.5. If our laboratory observations can be extrapolated to complex marine environments, our results suggest that a warming–acidification synergism can decrease carbon and nutrient fluxes, disturbing marine trophic and trace element cycles, at rates faster than projected.
Gender effects of romantic themes in erotica

The hypothesis that women would be more aroused to explicit erotica containing a romantic (rather than nonromantic) theme while men would not be affected by the thematic manipulation was tested, 164 college students (91 male and 73 female), 21 years of age and older, viewed one of four video vignettes taken from commercially available sexually explicit video tapes. The four videos represented the systematic manipulation of two independent variables: (i) high vs. low expression of love and affection (e.g., kissing, nongential touching, and verbal expressions of caring); and (ii) high vs. moderate sexual explicitness (i.e., “hard” vs. “soft” X-rated material). The results indicated that both male and female subjects rated the high explicit/high romantic vignette as significantly more arousing than the high explicit/low romantic vignette. Thus, the finding for males was contrary to expectations. The results are, however, consistent with the recent movement to romanticize highly explicit sexual material. Theoretical implications of these findings are examined.
Design of a process control scheme for defects per 100 units based on aoql

A process control scheme is developed in which decisions as to the frequency of sampling are made based upon the choice of an Average Outgoing Quality Limit. The scheme utilizes plotted points on a U-control chart for defects and the theory of runs to determine when to switch among Reduced, Normal, Tightened, and 100 percent inspection. The scheme is formulated as a semi-Markov process to derive steady stale equations for the probabilities of being in Reduced, Normal, Tightened, or 100 percent inspection and for Average Outgoing Quality and Average Fraction Inspected. The resulting system and the computer programs used to derive it are discussed.
A Tailored Approach to Identifying and Addressing College Students' Online Health Information Literacy

Abstract Background: College students may fail to practice information literacy skills because they are unaware of their skill level or are not concerned with the risks. Purpose: In order to develop an effective message that motivates college students to learn online health information literacy skills, a better understanding of perceptions about such skills and use of the internet to locate health information is needed. Methods: A risk assessment and internet use survey were administered to participants (n=98). The risk assessment evaluated and grouped individuals into one of three riskresponse states based on perceived threat severity and susceptibility, as well as perceived self- and response-efficacy. Discussion: Risk-response states and frequency of internet use to locate health information varied significantly (p<.001). A significant relationship was also found between frequency of use and risk-response state (p<.01). Topics most researched included an illness or condition; nutrition, exercise, or we...
The site of modification of hemoglobin A by bromotrifluoroacetone

Summary The formation of the trifluoracetonyl derivative of human hemoglobin (HBA-TFA) from 3-bromo-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanone (BrTFA) has been investigated using tracer techniques. At least 90% of the reactive β-93 cysteinyl residues of HbA were lost following reaction with excess BrTFA. Fractionation of HbA-TFA into heme, globin, α-chains and β-chains did not result in the expected segregation of TFA residues into those moities containing the β-93 cysteinyl residue. The incorporation of BrTFA by HbA which had been derivatized at the β-93 cysteinyl residue with pCMB was nearly as great as with unmodified HbA. The cysteine compositions of HbA and HbA-TFA, determined as cysteic acid, were not significantly different. The 19F-nmr spectrum of (HbA-pCMB)-TFA was indistinguishable from that displayed by HbA-TFA. These results do not support the view that BrTFA reacts with the β-93 cysteinyl residue of HbA.
THE HALCION STORY: TRIAL BY MEDIA

Triazolam ('Halcion'), a benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic, has been alleged to produce unique and serious adverse effects on the central nervous system. In the Netherlands television and newspaper coverage of reported side-effects was followed by a temporary suspension of the drug there. The reported adverse reactions resemble ones known to occur occasionally after older benzodiazepines and other central nervous system drugs. Whatever the final verdict on triazolam may be, there is reason to question whether regulatory decisions forced by flamboyant media coverage are in the public interest.
A structural chemist’s entanglement with Gillespie’s theories of molecular geometry

Abstract An account of Ronald Gillespie’s 40-year-old approach to the understanding of molecular structure is presented from the point of view of its influence on the research of the author, a structural chemist. In addition, a review is given of some of the background of structural chemistry that led to Gillespie’s recent reformulation of ideas about molecular geometry. His well-known valence shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory has changed the way structural chemistry is taught. His current research program on ligand close-packing and atomic charges promises to revise the way chemists think about the nature of the chemical bond.
New reactor design for catalytic sodium borohydride hydrolysis

Abstract Hydrogen supply to a fuel cell for portable consumer products requires a simple and safe technology for its storage and on-demand production. Hydrogen production by hydrolysis of sodium borohydride solution in the presence of metal catalyst could be a promising and feasible method. In previous research activities, promising results on the NaBH4 hydrolysis, catalyst performance and stability allowed practical application of this technology in a brand new commercial device for small laboratory production of hydrogen gas. Present work is focused on the design of a new portable fuel cell power generator with reduced weight and size.