cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modal emission properties of two-dimensional phase-locked vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers arrays

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have recently generated considerable interest, due to their monolithic design and astigmatic-output characteristics. Phase-locked arrays of such lasers are particularly attractive because they represent a possible means of scaling up the available output power while maintaining diffraction-limited emission. Modest-sized arrays (30 × 30), emitting several watts, would be a [tractive for a variety of applications such as optical computing, laser radar, and space communications. However, modal emission characteristics for devices reported to date1,2 have been far from ideal, pointing to the need for further understanding of their modal-emission properties.
Temperature and oxygen measurements in a metallized propellant flame by hybrid fs/ps rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering

Ultrafast pure-rotational CARS is applied to an aluminized ammonium-perchlorate propellant flame. Background-free spectra were acquired in this challenging high-temperature, particle-laden environment and successfully fit for temperature and oxygen/nitrogen ratio using a simple theoretical model.
The influence of fluorine on threshold voltage instabilities in p/sup +/ polysilicon gated p-channel MOSFETs

It is shown that fluorine plays a major role in the penetration of boron into and through the gate oxides of p-channel MOSFETs that use p/sup +/ doped polysilicon gates. Boron penetration results in large positive shifts in V/sub FB/, increased p-channel subthreshold slope and electron trapping rate, and decreased low-field mobility and interface trap density. Inclusion of a phosphorus coimplant or TiSi/sub 2/ salicide is shown to minimize this effect. The boron penetration phenomenon is modeled by the creation of a very shallow, fully depleted p-type layer in the silicon substrate close to the SiO/sub 2/-Si interface. Elemental boron is shown to be superior to BF/sub 2/ as an implant species for surface channel submicron PMOS devices. >
Impact of farm programs on farm households in the US

Abstract The growth of the firm is often financed through retained earnings. Entrepreneurs look to expand, make new investments, or pay off debt using free cash flows from the business. However, entrepreneurs in farming businesses derive income from enterprises that have variable income, and farm program payments provided by the government helps smooth income and consumption. Using national-farm level data (2008–2013) and free cash modelling approach we study how government commodity support ( decoupled , coupled payments and subsidized crop insurance ) affects the financial status of farm businesses. Additionally, we investigate the impact of government commodity support on farming business and household expenditures. Findings suggest that free cash flows to equity has a significantly negative impact on total farm household expenditures. Further, our results also suggest that the effect of farm program payments, especially decoupled payments, is small. Elasticities on the decoupled Payments and coupled Payments variables are both positive. However, the magnitude of the effect on the former is four times higher than on the latter. Hence, most of the impact of Title I support on total farm household expenditures will likely be via the decoupled Payments channel. Nonetheless, if the goal of commodity support is to reduce the consumption volatility of farm household, our results suggest that these payments have little impact.
Variational calculation of elastic nucleon-deuteron scattering

Abstract A previously developed variational principle for three-body scattering is applied to elastic nucleon-deuteron scattering. Separable S-wave potentials are used for both the singlet and triplet channels. The scattering amplitudes obtained agree with previous calculations and are accurate to four places. The three-body wave functions, which are needed for perturbation calculations, are also well converged.
Performance-Based Methodology for Evaluating Equity for Transportation System Users

Planning for equitable outcomes in transportation requires the development of evaluation methods that support the integration of equity in planning processes. This paper presents a methodology for equity evaluation that addresses limitations in current practices by analyzing transportation system outcomes regionally for the full range of demographic groups over time to incorporate the results into performance-based planning processes. This work applied current equity evaluations and a proposed methodology to a case study of the Atlanta, Georgia, metropolitan region. The results illustrate the current methodological limitations and provide an application of the proposed method that shows its ability to address the limitations. The proposed methodology is a comprehensive approach to analyze and characterize transportation system impacts that can be incorporated into performance-based transportation planning at the regional level to improve equity of transportation outcomes.
The Poincaré Group and its Representations

In chapter 19, we saw that the Euclidean group E(3) has infinite dimensional irreducible unitary representations on the state space of a quantum free particle. The free particle Hamiltonian plays the role of a Casimir operator: to get irreducible representations, one fixes the eigenvalue of the Hamiltonian (the energy), and then the representation is on the space of solutions to the Schrodinger equation with this energy. There is also a second Casimir operator, with integral eigenvalue the helicity, which further characterizes irreducible representations.
A Synthesis of Methods for Characterizing the Response Class Structure of Challenging Behavior in Individuals with Autism or Intellectual Disability

Methods for assessing the response class structure of challenging behavior utilizing the concepts of the response class hierarchy and precursor responses have been evaluated. However, the lack of a cohesive examination of the current literature or practice guidelines may impede practitioners’ efforts to evaluate the methods for their relevance to a given clinical problem. A multistep search strategy identified 17 peer-reviewed studies. Participant and study characteristics and assessment methods were quantified, summarized, and described, and some potential benefits and limitations of each assessment type are proposed. The results suggest that there are useful methods for assessing response class structure at each stage of functional behavior assessment and treatment and that some methods are useful for developing effective function-based treatments. Replication studies and additional methods for assessing response class structure during treatment are needed. Some tentative practice guidelines are proposed.
Neural Feature Learning From Relational Database

Feature engineering is one of the most important but most tedious tasks in data science. This work studies automation of feature learning from relational database. We first prove theoretically that finding the optimal features from relational data for predictive tasks is NP-hard. We propose an efficient rule-based approach based on heuristics and a deep neural network to automatically learn appropriate features from relational data. We benchmark our approaches in ensembles in past Kaggle competitions. Our new approach wins late medals and beats the state-of-the-art solutions with significant margins. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time an automated data science system could win medals in Kaggle competitions with complex relational database.
Multiple phases with intertwined magnetic and superconducting orders in Nd-doped CeCoIn 5

The thermal conductivity of heavy-fermion superconductor ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{0.95}{\mathrm{Nd}}_{0.05}{\mathrm{CoIn}}_{5}$ was measured with a magnetic field rotating in the tetragonal $a\text{\ensuremath{-}}b$ plane. The thermal conductivity exhibits a step within the high-field low-temperature (HFLT) phase, which exists above 8 Tesla within the superconducting state, when field is rotated through the antinodal [100] direction of the superconducting $d$-wave order parameter. This anomaly indicates the presence of a third order parameter within the HFLT phase, similar to that of pure ${\mathrm{CeCoIn}}_{5}$. Therefore, the HFLT state with triply intertwined orders, i.e., superconducting $d$-wave, magnetic spin-density wave (SDW), and a putative superconducting $p$-wave pair-density wave (PDW), is robust against 5% Nd doping. The second magnetic phase within the superconducting state below 8 Tesla, a low-field SDW, displays a hysteresis in thermal conductivity as a function of field magnitude, which is also revealing the existence of a third order consistent with a $p$-wave PDW. Given different origins and properties of the HFLT and low-field SDW states, the presence of three intertwined orders in both phases is remarkable and of far-reaching consequences.
Psycholinguistics and Cognitive Ooze

Returning to the nuclear family unit after three decades in a troubled marriage is easier said than done. What name is she to use? Does she bring household furnishings and offspring along with her? Times have changed -- and the family unit along with them.
Improving Cognitive Therapy for Depression with Functional Analytic Psychotherapy: Theory and Case Study

A behavioral reconceptualization of cognitive therapy is presented to illustrate that clinical behavior analysis (CBA) has much to offer traditional cognitive behavior therapy. Particular attention is given to the distinction between cognitive structures and products and the theoretical dilemma facing cognitive therapists when they attempt to devise interventions aimed at changing nonbehavioral entities. The distinction between rule-governed and contingency-shaped behavior and the implications of functional analytic psychotherapy (Kohlenberg & Tsai, 1991) are used to resolve the dilemma and to suggest methods for enhancing cognitive therapy. In a case study, a CBA-enhanced version of cognitive therapy was introduced after 7 weeks of standard cognitive treatment for a 35-year-old depressed male. The client-therapist relationship provided opportunities during the therapy session for learning new behavior called for in the behaviorally reconceptualized cognitive therapy. The enhanced treatment improved clinical efficacy and increased the client’s focus on his deficits in interpersonal repertoires. Because the present case study involved only one of several enhancements suggested by CBA, the possibility of increased efficacy from a more comprehensive application is discussed.
NGOs in Global Internet Governance: Co-Creation Processes, Collective Learning, and Network Effectiveness

2009 marks the fourth year of an experiment in a global governance domain marked by deep change and technological complexity: the UN-convened Internet Governance Forum (IGF) and the internet governance realm. Many of the innovations in this realm are shared with or borrowed from other global governance arenas ranging from environmental policies to nuclear nonproliferation and even to indigenous cultural rights. In each of these global governance settings, networks of like and unlike organizations (including NGOs) crossing national and regional boundaries have emerged. There is a new focus on collaboration processes, especially at cross-organizational levels. This paper goes beyond these perspectives to offer a framework that has at its center the roles and practices of co-creation processes (including cross-cultural communication) in networked settings, especially involving nongovernmental organizations.This paper uses data and findings from the author’s study of multistakeholderism in internet governance. It reports on qualitative data from an exploration of nongovernmental organizations and their networks as they participate in the Internet Governance Forum and related policy venues. Very few studies have looked either at collective learning processes in such settings with blurred boundaries or the effectiveness of such networked configurations. Yielding a conceptual framework for collective learning in networked governance type settings, this study contributes to our understanding of cross-cultural and cross-organizational collaborative governance type processes and their possible effectiveness.
Histopathological Demonstration of Subacute Endothelialization Following Aneurysm Retreatment with the Pipeline Embolization Device.

Background Endothelial cell coverage along the Pipeline embolization device (PED) is 1 of 2 primary proposed mechanisms of action of the device, along with induction of intra-aneurysmal thrombosis. The temporal course of endothelialization following device deployment is poorly understood in human patients. Case Description A 63-year-old female with a persistent aneurysm in the communicating segment of the internal carotid artery was treated with a second PED 14 months after the deployment of a first PED and subsequently developed a fatal intraparenchymal hemorrhage at 3 weeks postimplantation. Histopathological analysis at autopsy showed evidence of endothelialization along the second PED at this time, as well as neointimal growth between both devices. Patency of the vessel lumen with no intraluminal thrombus but thrombus showing early organization (endothelial cell ingrowth) was observed within the aneurysm dome. To our knowledge, this case represents the earliest demonstration of intimal cell growth along the PED. Conclusions Aneurysm healing via endothelialization following flow diverter treatment may occur subacutely and not chronically as previously stipulated.
Causal Decision Theory

Causal decision theory (CDT) is a general theory of rational decision, appropriate for simple or complex decision problems. It is an expected utility theory distinguished by its explicit attention to causal features of decision problems, and by the significance it attaches to those features. When the causal structure of a decision problem is uncomplicated, the recommendations of CDT and other theories generally agree. In more complex cases, however, CDT identifies rational decisions where other theories do not. Several varieties of CDT have been offered; they differ in their ways of representing beliefs about causal influence, but as decision theories they are very similar. Each of them was developed as a subjective expected utility theory, and that approach will be assumed here.
Factors Correlated to Protective and Risk Dietary Patterns in Immigrant Latino Mothers in Non-metropolitan Rural Communities

Immigrant Latinos face conditions which over time negatively impact their nutritional behaviors and health outcomes. Our objective was to evaluate associations between environmental and lifestyle factors and both protective dietary patterns (e.g., intake of fruits and vegetables) and harmful dietary patterns (e.g., consumption of salty snacks and fast food). Surveys were individually and orally administered to 105 foreign-born Latina mothers living in rural locations in a Midwestern state. Principal component analysis created composite variables for each construct and Spearman correlations were conducted to determine associations. Protective dietary patterns were positively associated with access to food and information (ρs = 0.21) and language acculturation (ρs = 0.24), and negatively associated with family challenges (ρs = −0.31). Food insecurity was negatively associated with harmful dietary patterns (ρs = −0.24). Findings suggest that rural Latino dietary interventions should be complemented with comprehensive strategies addressing environmental and lifestyle factors across ecological domains.
Secure Distributed Storage for the Internet of Things

The recent popularity of the Internet of Things (IoT) significantly impacts data storage and protection. The heterogeneous nature of the data generated from IoT devices makes it difficult to design a “one-solution-fits-all” storage system. Current storage solutions include object-based storage for large files like images and videos and flash array-based storage for smaller log files from sensors. The massive amounts of data generated by IoT devices make cloud-based storage a perfect solution for such data. This creates a need for a single but layered cloud storage model that would not only be effective for all types of IoT data but would also provide data privacy while guaranteeing high system availability at all times. In this chapter, we describe applications of distributed storage and the possibility of using a multi-cloud or hybrid cloud storage model to securely store data from IoT devices.
EFFECT OF ENERGY AND EMISSION CONSTRAINTS ON COMPRESSION RATIO

This paper describes the results of a study to evaluate the relationship of compression ratio on fuel energy conservation with the constraint of the 1977 Federal emission standards (1.5 HC, 15.0 CO and 2.0 NOX). The influence of the energy losses in the refinery process to produce higher octane fuels was considered as well as the effect of compression ratio on engine efficiency. Two different emission control systems were evaluated: a catalytic converter-EGR system and a manifold reactor-EGR system. /GMRL/
Direct Measurement of Rates of Asymptomatic Infection and Clinical Care-Seeking for Seasonal Coronavirus

Abstract The pandemic potential of the novel coronavirus (nCoV) that emerged in Wuhan, China, during December 2019 is strongly tied to the number and contagiousness of undocumented human infections. Here we present findings from a proactive longitudinal sampling study of acute viral respiratory infections that documents rates of asymptomatic infection and clinical care seeking for seasonal coronavirus. We find that the majority of infections are asymptomatic by most symptom definitions and that only 4% of individuals experiencing a seasonal coronavirus infection episode sought medical care for their symptoms. These numbers indicate that a very high percentage of seasonal coronavirus infections are undocumented and provide a reference for understanding the spread of the emergent nCoV.
Rationality and Fallibility

The conception of scientific procedure elaborated in Chapters 7, 8, and 9, of course, stands in striking contrast to the familiar presumption that science proceeds by way of Observation, Classification, Generalization, Derivation, and Experimentation, which yields probable, if not demonstrable, knowledge. Hempel [1966] has emphasized the indefensibility of this popular account, which he refers to as “the narrow inductivist conception of scientific inquiry”, on a number of counts, including, for example, the following: (a) the imperative, “Observe”, unguided by the consideration of hypotheses deserving exploration, does not afford an appropriate point of departure for a scientific investigation, since observation may be carried out indefinitely as an indiscriminate and directionless, but scientifically insignificant, activity; (b) the injunction, “Classify”, similarly, overlooks unlimited possibilities for arranging and rearranging the results of observation by a succession of un- illuminating classification schemes, since the explanatory connections which they may implicitly display acquire their importance in relation to hypotheses; (c) the directive, “Generalize”, moreover, cannot be adequately construed as a mechanical procedure of deducing or deriving hypotheses and theories from empirical evidence; for, as Hempel remarks, “Scientific hypotheses and theories are not derived from observed facts, but invented in order to account for them” (Hempel [1966], p. 15).
Rating Agency Fees: Pay to Play or Pay for Work?

We document a significant relationship between ratings fees and credit rating levels in the municipal bond market. In contrast to prior evidence from the corporate bond and structured finance markets indicating a “pay to play” phenomenon, our results suggest that ratings fees in the municipal market are primarily pay for work. We conclude that rating agency incentives differ across asset classes and that fee disclosure mitigates conflicts of interest inherent in an issuer-pays compensation structure. Our results also suggest a substitution effect between certification agents in the muni market. The strong positive relationship between fees and ratings is exclusive to the subset of now uninsured issuers who previously purchased AAA ratings from MBIA and AMBAC. Without the benefit of the AAA pricing provided by AAA insurers, these issuers have increased incentive to pay rating agencies for certification.
Event-Triggered Control of Nonlinear Uncertain Systems in the Lower-Triangular Form

In Part II, it is an standing assumption that the systems admit input-to-state stabilizing control laws. This section shows how input-to-state stabilizing control laws are constructed for uncertain nonlinear systems in the strict-feedback form. It is verified that the proposed control laws fulfill the requirement for event-triggered control.
Quantification of Flavorants and Nicotine in Waterpipe Tobacco and Mainstream Smoke and Comparison to E-cigarette Aerosol

INTRODUCTION Waterpipe use remains popular among youth with the availability of flavored shisha tobacco being one of the main drivers of waterpipe use. Although waterpipe mainstream toxicant emissions are well understood, less is known about the carryover of flavorants such as vanillin, benzaldehyde, and eugenol. In this study, flavored waterpipe tobacco was analyzed for flavorants and nicotine, and subsequent carryover to mainstream smoke. METHODS Flavorants vanillin, benzaldehyde, and eugenol, and nicotine were quantified in vanilla-, cherry-, and cinnamon-flavored shisha tobacco by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector and subsequently in waterpipe mainstream smoke generated by a smoking machine. The setup allowed for sampling before and after the water-filtration step. RESULTS Flavorant and nicotine content in smoke was reduced 3- to 10-fold and 1.4- to 3.1-fold, respectively, due to water filtration. Per-puff content of filtered waterpipe mainstream smoke ranged from 13 to 46 µg/puff for nicotine and from 6 to 55 µg/puff for flavorants. CONCLUSIONS Although water filtration reduced flavor and nicotine content in waterpipe mainstream smoke, the detected flavorant concentrations were similar or higher to those previously reported in e-cigarette aerosol. Therefore, users could be drawn to waterpipes due to similar flavor appeal as popular e-cigarette products. Absolute nicotine content of waterpipe smoke was lower than in e-cigarette aerosol, but the differential use patterns of waterpipe (>100 puffs/session) and e-cigarette (mostly <10 puffs/session, multiple session throughout the day) probably result in higher flavorant and nicotine exposure during a waterpipe session. Strategies to reduce youth introduction and exposure to nicotine via waterpipe use may consider similar flavor restrictions as those for e-cigarettes. IMPLICATIONS Although waterpipe mainstream smoke is well characterized for toxicants content, little is known about carryover of molecules relevant for appeal and addiction: flavorants and nicotine. This study shows that flavorant content of waterpipe mainstream smoke is comparable or higher than e-cigarette aerosol flavorant content. Regulatory action to address tobacco use behaviors targeting the availability of flavors should also include other tobacco products such as flavored shisha tobacco.
Thermal rectification in thin films driven by gradient grain microstructure

As one of the basic components of phononics, thermal rectifiers transmit heat current asymmetrically similar to electronic rectifiers in microelectronics. Heat can be conducted through them easily in one direction while being blocked in the other direction. In this work, we report a thermal rectifier that is driven by the gradient grain structure and the inherent gradient in thermal properties as found in these materials. To demonstrate their thermal rectification properties, we build a spectral thermal conductivity model with complete phonon dispersion relationships using the thermophysical properties of chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond films which possess gradient grain microstructures. To explain the observed significant thermal rectification, the temperature and thermal conductivity distribution are studied. Additionally, the effects of temperature bias and film thickness are discussed, which shed light on tuning the thermal rectification based on the gradient microstructures. Our results show that the columnar grain microstructure makes CVD materials unique candidates for mesoscale thermal rectifiers without a sharp temperature change.
Pain Pathways and Spinal Modulation

Summary Specific pain pathways transmit information regarding actual or impending tissue damage. In the spinal cord, several parallel pathways serve this function. Endogenous descending systems modulate pain transmission and ultimately pain perception. Natural neurochemicals and their analogues are being found that selectively inhibit pain and do not alter transmission of other sensory information.
On the commutative quotient of Fomin-Kirillov algebras

The Fomin-Kirillov algebra E n is a noncommutative algebra with a generator for each edge of the complete graph on n vertices. For any graph G on n vertices, let E G be the subalgebra of E n generated by the edges in G . We show that the commutative quotient of E G is isomorphic to the Orlik-Terao algebra of G . As a consequence, the Hilbert series of this quotient is given by ( - t ) n ? G ( - t - 1 ) , where ? G is the chromatic polynomial of G . We also give a reduction algorithm for the graded components of E G that do not vanish in the commutative quotient and show that their structure is described by the combinatorics of noncrossing forests.
Superpolynomial lower bounds for general homogeneous depth 4 arithmetic circuits

In this paper, we prove superpolynomial lower bounds for the class of homogeneous depth 4 arithmetic circuits. We give an explicit polynomial in VNP of degree n in n 2 variables such that any homogeneous depth 4 arithmetic circuit computing it must have size n Ω(loglogn).
Reserve growth in oil fields of West Siberian basin, Russia

Although reserve (or field) growth has proved to be an important contributing factor in adding new reserves in mature petroleum basins, it is a poorly understood phenomenon. Although several papers have been published on the U.S. fields, there are only a few publications on fields in other petroleum provinces. This paper explores the reserve growth in the 42 largest West Siberian oil fields that contain about 55% of the basin's total oil reserves. The West Siberian oil fields show 13-fold reserve growth 20 years after the discovery year and only about 2-fold growth after the first production year. This difference in growth is attributed to extensive exploration and field delineation activities between discovery and the first production year. Because of the uncertainty in the length of evaluation time and in reported reserves during this initial period, reserve growth based on the first production year is more reliable for model development. However, reserve growth models based both on discovery year and first production year show rapid growth in the first few years and slower growth in the following years. In contrast, the reserve growth patterns for the conterminous United States and offshore Gulf of Mexico show a steady reserve increase throughout the productive lives of the fields. The different reserve booking requirements and the lack of capital investment for improved reservoir management and production technologies in West Siberia are the probable causes for the difference in the growth patterns. The models based on the first production year predict that the reserve growth potential in the 42 largest oil fields of West Siberia for a five-year period (1998–2003) ranges from 270–330 million barrels or 0.34–0.42% per year. For a similar five-year period (1996–2001), models for the conterminous United States predict a growth of 0.54–0.75% per year.
Foreign Trade and Economic Reform in China

Preface 1. Trade policy and economic development 2. The prereform foreign trade system 3. Reforming the foreign trade system 4. The efficiency of China's foreign trade 5. Integrated versus partial reforms Appendices References.
Aging Population, Pension Funds, and Financial Markets : Regional Perspectives and Global Challenges for Central, Eastern, and Southern Europe

Population aging is a worldwide phenomenon, but it is particularly advanced in highly developed northern countries. The retirement of the baby-boom generation in these rich countries will impose additional, albeit temporary, pressure on their pension systems. To cope with this pressure, reforms have been introduced that have lessened the generosity of publicly provided pension benefits. By design and by implication, this change increases the importance of mandatory and voluntary funded retirement schemes in smoothing consumption across the life cycle. The first three chapters of this book investigate questions germane to pension systems in the Central, Eastern, and Southern Europe (CESE) economies: the extent to which pension systems were prepared to deal with multi pillar pension reform, how to foster the development of financial systems so that they can better support funded systems, and how ready the systems are for the approaching payout of benefits as the first participants in the funded pillar approach retirement age. The remaining three chapters investigate broader questions facing pension systems in both developed and emerging countries: the capacity of the financial markets to deliver sufficiently high net rates of return, the benefits and disadvantages of investment in emerging markets, and the effect of aging on the rates of return afforded by funded and unfunded schemes.
Models of genetically engineered organisms and their ecological impact.

A new category of reproducing organisms will be introduced into the environment. Advances in molecular biology have created a diverse, multibillion dollar, worldwide research effort and an industry that is actively combining genes from widely unrelated taxa. Recombinant DNA techniques are creating a wide range of unicellular and multicellular organisms in the laboratory. It is intended that many of these will multiply in the open environment. Moreover, some that are not intended to be released may well escape once they are “upscaled” from the research test tube to the large systems of industrial production.
Resource provisioning framework for mapreduce jobs with performance goals

Many companies are increasingly using MapReduce for efficient large scale data processing such as personalized advertising, spam detection, and different data mining tasks. Cloud computing offers an attractive option for businesses to rent a suitable size Hadoop cluster, consume resources as a service, and pay only for resources that were utilized. One of the open questions in such environments is the amount of resources that a user should lease from the service provider. Often, a user targets specific performance goals and the application needs to complete data processing by a certain time deadline. However, currently, the task of estimating required resources to meet application performance goals is solely the users' responsibility. In this work, we introduce a novel framework and technique to address this problem and to offer a new resource sizing and provisioning service in MapReduce environments. For a MapReduce job that needs to be completed within a certain time, the job profile is built from the job past executions or by executing the application on a smaller data set using an automated profiling tool. Then, by applying scaling rules combined with a fast and efficient capacity planning model, we generate a set of resource provisioning options. Moreover, we design a model for estimating the impact of node failures on a job completion time to evaluate worst case scenarios. We validate the accuracy of our models using a set of realistic applications. The predicted completion times of generated resource provisioning options are within 10% of the measured times in our 66-node Hadoop cluster.
The human RBPome: from genes and proteins to human disease.

Abstract RNA binding proteins (RBPs) play a central role in mediating post transcriptional regulation of genes. However less is understood about them and their regulatory mechanisms. In this study, we construct a catalogue of 1344 experimentally confirmed RBPs. The domain architecture of RBPs enabled us to classify them into three groups — Classical (29%), Non-classical (19%) and unclassified (52%). A higher percentage of proteins with unclassified domains reveals the presence of various uncharacterised motifs that can potentially bind RNA. RBPs were found to be highly disordered compared to Non-RBPs (p This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteomics in India.
Phase diagram of non-degenerate Wilson and twisted mass fermions

In this talk we determine the phase diagram and pion spectrum for Wilson and twisted-mass fermions in the presence of non-degeneracy between the up and down quark and discretization errors. We find that the CP-violating phase of the continuum theory, which occurs for sufficiently large non-degeneracy, is continuously connected to the Aoki phase found in the lattice theory with degenerate quarks. Both for the Aoki and first-order scenarios, this results in a critical surface along which at least one of the pions is massless. In the pion spectrum, we focus mainly on the untwisted case, where there is competition between the effects of non-degeneracy and discretization errors. A more extensive analysis can be found in our recent paper [11].
Comment on “Tetraquarks as diquark–antidiquark bound systems”

We argue that the calculated masses of heavy tetraquarks obtained by solution of the spin-independent homogeneous Lippmann–Schwinger integral equation in a diquark–antidiquark picture reported by Monemzadeh et al. (Phys Lett B 741:124, 2015), are incorrect. We have reexamined all of the published results and we believe that not only the reported tetraquark masses for states with zero total angular momentum are incorrect, but the reported masses for states with non-zero total angular momentum are quite misleading, because these states cannot be predicted by a spin-independent formalism.
Finite Difference Accuracy in Structural Analysis

An accuracy study is made of central finite difference methods for solving boundary value problems in structural analysis which are governed by equations with variable coefficients leading to odd order derivatives. Two methods are studied through application to beam-columns with nonuniform inplane loads and nonuniform stiffness. Definitive expressions for the error in each method are obtained by using Taylor series to derive the differential equations which exactly represent the finite difference approximations. The resulting differential equations are accurately solved by a perturbation technique which yields the error directly. A half station method, which corresponds to making finite difference approximations before expanding derivatives of function production in the beam-column differential equations, is found clearly superior to a whole station method which corresponds to expanding such products first.
Parameterized modules for classes and extensible functions

We present F(Eml), a language that combines classes, extensible functions, symmetric multiple dispatching, and a practical system for parameterized modules. Parameterized modules permit subclasses and function extensions to be defined and typechecked once, and then reused to extend multiple argument modules. F(Eml)'s predecessor, Eml, supported classes and extensible functions with multiple dispatch, but its support for parameterized modules was weak. F(Eml)'s key novel features are alias declarations, generalized type relations in module signatures, and a nontrivial definition of signature subsumption.
The determinants of currency market forecasts: an empirical study

Empirical studies using surveys of exchange rate expectations have become very popular in the literature. The majority have concluded that short-term currency market activity appears to be inconsistent with the standard neoclassical characterization and that, as a consequence, economists should shift their attention to the long run. This paper, rather than using foreign exchange surveys as an argument for ignoring the short run, treats them as a means of understanding it. To that end, an empirical test is conducted in which the survey results serve as the dependent variable. The results indicate that the expectational variables are not random, but exhibit a pattern. It is further shown that psychological factors play an important role in determining expectations, thus offering support for the Post Keynesian view of currency markets.
Factors Affecting the Thermal Shock Behavior of Yttria Stabilized Hafnia Based Graphite and Tungsten Composites

Hafnia-based composites containing either graphite or tungsten were investigated as rocket nozzle throat inserts in solid propellant rocket engines. The thermal shock resistance of these materials is considered in terms of macroscopic thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, modulus of elasticity (E), and compressive fracture stress (σE). The effect of (a) degree of hafnia stabilization, (b) density, and (c) graphite or tungsten content upon these parameters is discussed. The variation of the σE /E ratio with density and its effect upon thermal shock resistance of these materials is discussed in detail.
Trade in Goods Within Multinational Companies: Survey-Based Data and Findings for the United States of America

This paper discusses the data on U.S. intrafirm trade in goods collected in BEA's surveys of the operations of U.S. multinational firms and foreign-owned U.S. affiliates. It also examines patterns that emerge from the data, with a particular focus on the intrafirm-trade shares of U.S. exports and imports by major trading partner. The paper concludes with a brief overview of selected research on intrafirm trade based on BEA's data.
Bequests as Signals: An Explanation for the Equal Division Puzzle

In the United States, more than two‐thirds of decedents with multichild families divide their estates exactly equally among their children. In contrast, gifts given before death are usually unequal. These findings challenge the validity of existing theories regarding the determination of intergenerational transfers. In this paper, we develop a theory that accounts for this puzzle based on the notion that the division of bequests provides a signal about a parent’s altruistic preferences. The theory can also explain the norm of unigeniture, which prevails in other societies.
Contributions of GRBs and cen A-like radio galaxies to the cosmic gamma-ray background

The contribution to the cosmic diffuse gamma-ray background (CGB) from Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) is studied in the 40 keV-2 MeV regime. We use High Energy Resolution (HER) data from the Burst And Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) aboard the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) to generate a GRB template spectrum. Although the GRB contribution to the CGB is generally small, in comparison to the dominant flux from Type Ia supernovae, the integrated GRB flux is in fact comparable to that from SNIa in the narrow 10–40 keV range. GRBs contribute to the CGB at the same level as Type II supernovae do. Although BATSE data are not available below ∼40 keV, extrapolation of the template spectrum suggests that bursts can fill a significant part of the existing gap between Seyfert galaxies (dominating the CGB below ∼100 keV) and SNIa (dominating at ∼1 MeV). We estimate contributions from Cen A-like (FR I) radio galaxies in this energy regime, where INTEGRAL data is expected to provide major advances.
CHAPTER 4 – Markov Chains

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on Markov chains of the probability theory. It presents a stochastic process {Xn, n = 0, 1, 2…} that takes on a finite or countable number of possible values. This set of possible values of the process is denoted by the set of nonnegative integers {0, 1, 2…}. If Xn = i, the process is said to be in state i at time n. Such a stochastic process is known as a Markov chain. The value Pij represents the probability that the process will, when in state i, next make a transition into state j. The Chapman–Kolmogorov equations provide a method for computing these n-step transition probabilities. In a finite-state Markov chain, all recurrent states are positive recurrent.
Deliberation scheduling for time-critical sequential decision making

We describe a method for time-critical decision making involving sequential tasks and stochastic processes. The method employs several iterative refinement routines for solving different aspects of the decision making problem. This paper concentrates on the meta-level control problem of deliberalion scheduling, allocating computational resources to these routines. We provide different models corresponding to optimization problems that capture the different circumstances and computational strategies for decision making under time constraints. We consider precursor models in which all decision making is performed prior to execution and recurrent models in which decision making is performed in parallel with execution, accounting for the states observed during execution and anticipating future states. We describe algorithms for precursor and recurrent models and provide the results of our empirical investigations to date.
Relevance models for topic detection and tracking

We extend relevance modeling to the link detection task of Topic Detection and Tracking (TDT) and show that it substantially improves performance. Relevance modeling, a statistical language modeling technique related to query expansion, is used to enhance the topic model estimate associated with a news story, boosting the probability of words that are associated with the story even when they do not appear in the story. To apply relevance modeling to TDT, it had to be extended to work with stories rather than short queries, and the similarity comparison had to be changed to a modified form of Kullback-Leibler. We demonstrate that relevance models result in very substantial improvements over the language modeling baseline. We also show how the use of relevance modeling makes it possible to choose a single parameter for within- and cross-mode comparisons of stories.
Factors Affecting Heart Rate Variability in Preterm Infants

Neonatal heart rate variability (NHRV) was studied in 92 preterm infants (birth weight, 750 to 2,500 gm; gestational age, 28 to 36 weeks). Each infant was monitored continuously during the first 6 hours and for one hour at 24, 48, and 168 hours of life. During each hour NHRV was quantified and related to the following parameters: sex, gestational age, postnatal age, heart rate, and the presence and severity of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). NHRV in healthy preterm infants was inversely related to heart rate level and directly related to the infant's postnatal age. In healthy babies with gestations of 30 to 36 weeks there was no significant correlation between NHRV and gestation. Decrease in NHRV was significantly related to the severity of RDS, and the reappearance of NHRV in infants with RDS was associated with a good prognosis. Decreased NHRV significantly differentiated the infants with RDS who survived after the fifth hour of life. The data reveal that NHRV (1) should be corrected for heart rate level and postnatal age; (2) is decreased in RDS; and (3) can be used as an indicator of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with RDS.
Has medical innovation reduced cancer mortality

I analyze the effects of four types of medical innovation and cancer incidence on US cancer mortality rates during the period 2000–2009, by estimating difference-in-differences models using longitudinal (annual) data on ∼60 cancer sites (breast, colon, etc.). The outcome measure used is not subject to lead-time bias. I control for mean age at diagnosis, the stage distribution of patients at time of diagnosis, and the sex and race of diagnosed patients. Under the assumption that there were no pre-dated factors that drove both innovation and mortality and that there would have been parallel trends in mortality in the absence of innovation, the estimates indicate that there were three major sources of the 13.8% decline of the age-adjusted cancer mortality rate during 2000–2009. Drug innovation and imaging innovation are estimated to have reduced the cancer mortality rate by 8.0 and 4.0%, respectively. The decline in incidence is estimated to have reduced the cancer mortality rate by 1.2%. The social value of the reductions in cancer mortality attributable to medical innovations has been enormous, and much greater than the cost of these innovations. (JEL codes: C23, J11, I12, O33)
10 – Community Dynamics

This chapter focuses on the temporal patterns in a community structure. As with population dynamics, the study of changes in a community structure requires long periods of observation. Few studies have continued over sufficiently long time periods to evaluate many of the factors presumed to affect a community structure. Temporal patterns of community organization and their sensitivity to environmental changes can indicate their stability to anthropogenic changes. A community structure changes on annual time scales as population sizes respond to environmental conditions. Changes in resource quality, competition, and predation lead to population irruptions of some species and local extinction of others, thereby affecting their interactions with other species and leading to changes in the community structure. Although most studies of succession have focused on plants, insects show succession patterns associated with changes in vegetation, and the relatively rapid heterotrophic succession in decomposing wood and animal carcasses has contributed a lot to successional theory. A number of factors influence successional pathways. Local substrate conditions can restrict initial colonists to those from the surrounding species pool that can become established on distinct substrates, such as serpentine, volcanic, or water-saturated soils. Several models of succession have augmented the early model of succession as a process of facilitated community development, in which earlier stages create conditions more conducive to the successive stages. Much of this discussion reflects different definitions of diversity and stability. Stability can be seen to have two major components: resistance to change and resilience following perturbation. Succession is the expression of resilience.
Equilibrium Selection in Global Games with Strategic Substitutes

This paper proves an equilibrium selection result for a class of games with strategic substitutes. Specifically, for a general class of binary action, N-player games, we prove that each such game has a unique equilibrium strategy profile. Using a global game approach first introduced by Carlsson and van Damme (1993), recent selection results apply to games with strategic complementarities. The present paper uses the same approach but removes the assumption of perfect symmetry in the dominance region of the players’ payoffs. Instead we assume that players are ordered such that asymmetric dominance regions overlapped sequentially. This allow us to extend selection results to a class of games with strategic substitutes.