cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Methods of Isolation of Active, Tightly Coupled Mitochondria of Wheat Seedlings

Tightly coupled mitochondria can be isolated from wheat seedlings 1) if young seedlings are used, 2) if the grinding medium is buffered and contains bovine serum albumin (BSA), 3) if the isolation procedure, including centrifugation is 10 to 11 minutes long. Mitochondria isolated in this manner oxidize alpha-ketoglutarate, malate and NADH. Respiratory control (R.C.) values are around 6, 3, and 10, respectively. ADP:O values with those substrates are 4.0, 2.9, and 1.7, respectively. Mitochondria are stable for 3 hours. It is suggested that the technique may be used for preparation of mitochondria for comparative studies since activities of these mitochondria are highly reproducible.
Confirming the Factor Structure of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in College Students Using Student and Parent Data:

This study used confirmatory factor analysis to compare one-, two-, and three-factor models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms to determine which model is the best fit for the data. Participants were 190 clinic-referred college students who had been evaluated for ADHD, 155 of whom had received a diagnosis. Data consisted of both self- and other (e.g., parent) ratings of both current and childhood symptoms. Symptoms came directly from the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD. A three-factor model, consistent with the DSM-III, was superior for current and childhood symptoms, regardless of rater (i.e., self or parent). The primary implication for these findings is that there may be a viable Impulsive subtype of ADHD within the adult population. Further research might include a closer examination of the unique functional limitations associated with impulsivity, as well as the development of diagnostic items that maximize model fit.
New Interfacial Fluid Thickness Approach in Aero-Optics with Applications to Compressible Turbulence

A general approach in aero-optics is proposed based on the physical thickness of refractive fluid interfaces. In turbulent flows between dissimilar-index-of-refraction or optically different gas streams, particularly at large Reynolds numbers, the interfacial fluid thickness is highly variable. The role of this interfacial fluid thickness in aero-optical interactions is examined by directly relating the optical path length (OPL) to the interfacial fluid thickness (IFT) variations. This is done by expressing the OPL as an integral of the IFT variations along the beam propagation path. The proposed IFT approach is demonstrated on refractive-field measurements in large Reynolds number (Re ∼ 10 6 ) high-compressibility (M c ∼ 1) shear layers between optically different gases
Race/ethnicity, psychological distress, and fruit/vegetable consumption. The nature of the distress-behavior relation differs by race/ethnicity.

Objective: We explored how the relation between psychological distress and fruit/vegetable consumption differed as a function of race/ethnicity. Method: Data from the 2007 Health Information National Trends Survey was analyzed. Participants reported current psychological distress, race/ethnicity, and current fruit and vegetable consumption. Linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between race/ethnicity, distress, and their interaction and fruit and vegetable consumption. Results: There was a significant interaction between race/ethnicity and psychological distress in predicting fruit and vegetable consumption. Follow-up analyses indicated that distress was related to fruit and vegetable consumption for White and Hispanic but not for African American respondents. Conclusion: The association between psychological distress and fruit/vegetable consumption differs as a function of race/ethnicity. The findings have implications for understanding the role of distress in eating behavior regulation and for developing interventions to address fruit/vegetable consumption targeted to members of different race/ethnic groups.
Technique of transplantation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome with left superior vena cava

The presence of a left superior vena cava in infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome complicates the technical performance of orthotopic cardiac transplantation. In this report we describe a modification of the recipient cardiectomy to maintain patency of the left superior vena cava, leaving the recipient coronary sinus as a conduit for it into the right atrium and avoiding complex venous reconstructions.
Stretch-induced stress patterns and wrinkles in hyperelastic thin sheets

Abstract Wrinkles are commonly observed in stretched thin sheets and membranes. This paper presents a numerical study on stretch-induced wrinkling of hyperelastic thin sheets based on nonlinear finite element analyses. The model problem is set up for uniaxial stretching of a rectangular sheet with two clamped ends and two free edges. A two-dimensional stress analysis is performed first under the plane-stress condition to determine stretch-induced stress distribution patterns in the elastic sheets, assuming no wrinkles. As a prerequisite for wrinkling, development of compressive stresses in the transverse direction is found to depend on both the length-to-width aspect ratio of the sheet and the applied tensile strain in the longitudinal direction. A phase diagram is constructed with four different distribution patterns of the stretch-induced compressive stresses, spanning a wide range of aspect ratio and tensile strain. Next, an eigenvalue analysis is performed to find the potential buckling modes of the elastic sheet under the prescribed boundary conditions. Finally, a nonlinear post-buckling analysis is performed to show evolution of stretch-induced wrinkles. In addition to the aspect ratio and tensile strain, it is found that the critical condition for wrinkling and the post-buckling behavior both depend sensitively on the sheet thickness. In general, wrinkles form only when both the magnitude and the distribution area of the compressive stresses are sufficiently large. The wrinkle wavelength decreases with increasing strain, in good agreement with the prediction by a scaling analysis. However, as the tensile strain increases, the wrinkle amplitude first increases and then decreases, eventually flattened beyond a moderately large critical strain, in contrast to the scaling analysis.
Sleep apnea and nocturnal myoclonus in the elderly

Abstract —Insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and nocturnal wandering, so common in the elderly, are caused largely by two specific pathophysiologic processes. Sleep apnea is a condition where respiration pauses during sleep, leading to arousal. Sleep apnea is due either to obstruction in the throat or failure of the central respiratory center. Periodic movements in sleep are characterized by frequent ankle and leg flexions, leading to arousal. Sleep apnea and periodic movements in sleep require specific diagnoses and treatments. Each process occurs in 20%–30% of people over 65, and perhaps the majority of older people have one or the other condition or both. Because of possible interactions with these sleep disorders, the widespread prescribing of sleeping pills to elderly patients is irrational and often dangerous. In the future, large-scale clinical trials will be needed to define effective long-term treatments for these conditions and to define when treatment is worthwhile.
In vitro studies on the relative potency of bronchodilator agents.

This study describes a rapid in vitro assay for the order of potency of bronchodilator drugs using specific binding of (−)-[3H] dihydroalprenolol ([3H]DHA) to rat lung membranes. Under linear conditions with respect to tissue, specific binding of [3H]DHA showed saturability, rapid kinetics of association and dissociation of radioligand, and sterospecificity. Nanomolar (nM) concentrations for 50% inhibition (IC50±SE) for the bronchodilator drugs examined were as follows: albuterol, 1485±170; isoproterenol, 136±53; procaterol, 162±28; terbutaline, 3310±934; and zinterol, 51±8.3. A comparison of binding studies using rat lung tissue membranes and similar preparations of rat heart and skeletal muscle demonstrated that lung tissue had 7 to 8 times more receptor sites (Bmax) for [3H]DHA than heart or skeletal muscle. Adenyl cyclase activit of the rat lung membrane preparation almost doubled in the presence of (−)-isoproterenol. Displacement of specific (3H)DHA binding in membrane preparations may provide useful data for evaluating bronchodilator compounds.
Investigation of the role of estrogenic action and prostaglandin E2 in DDT-stimulated rat uterine contractions ex vivo

Previous work in our laboratory showed that o,p'-DDT increases the frequency of rat uterine contractions in vitro. The present study investigated whether this response was related to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release from the uterine strips or to the estrogenicity of o,p'-DDT. Contraction frequency was evaluated by recording isometric spontaneous contractions in longitudinal uterine strips from pregnant rats. Assessment of PGE2 levels in the muscle bath showed no significant differences between control and DDT-treated strips, although significant amounts of PGE2 were detected in both groups and increased contraction frequency was observed in o,p'-DDT-treated strips. Furthermore, a role for direct estrogenic action in the medication of o,p'-DDT-stimulated uterine contraction was not supported by the contractility data, because: (i) unlike o,p'-DDT, 17-beta-estradiol had no stimulatory effect, but instead exerted a significant inhibitory effect on uterine contraction; (ii) the estrogen antagonist, tamoxifen, failed to block the stimulatory effect of o,p'-DDT; and (iii) p,p'-DDD, a non-estrogenic DDT analogue, significantly stimulated contraction frequency, similar to o,p'-DDT. These results suggest that the stimulatory effect of o,p'-DDT on contraction frequency is not dependent on PGE2 release or direct estrogen receptor-related action.
Use of nitrous acid-dependent decrease in mutagenicity as an indication of the presence of mutagenic primary aromatic amines Non-specific reaction with phenols and benzo[a]pyrene ☆

Treatment of mutagenic primary aromatic amines with nitrous acid is known to decrease their mutagenicity. We examined some factors concerning the validity of using decreases in mutagenicity due to nitrous acid treatment as an indication of the presence of mutagenic primary aromatic amines in complex mixtures. We found that treatment of benzo[alpha]pyrene with nitrous acid for the extended periods of time previously employed leads to formation of three nitrobenzo[alpha]pyrene isomers. Some of the isomers are direct-acting mutagens for S. typhimurium with considerably greater mutagenicity than benzo[alpha]pyrene isomers. In attempts to minimize reaction of chemicals other than aromatic amines, we found that only very brief reaction periods are required for complete reaction of nitrous acid with representative aromatic amines, essentially eliminating their mutagenicity. During such brief reaction periods modification of benzo[alpha]pyrene is negligible, but phenols react readily. Chromatographic analysis indicated that reaction of nitrous acid with aromatic amines leads to the formation of families of products, thereby increasing the complexity of the mixtures in which the amines may occur. Thus, experiments examining the effects of nitrous acid on the mutagenic activity of complex mixtures must be carefully designed, and the results must be interpreted cautiously.
Excess free energies in the Ge, Si and Ga binary systems - the α-parameter approach

Abstract An equation of the form α 12 = −A 2 − A 3 N 2 + B 2 T , where α 12 = ln γ 1 (1 − N 1 ) 2 , has been found to fit the solubility data for the Ge and Si systems investigated by Thurmond [5] better than the composition independent form. It has been further shown that evaluation of the quantities Δ−SXS1 and Δ−H1 from this functional dependence of α is too sensitive to the approximation used to be reliable. The α parameters in the Ga-As and Ga-P systems are also found to fit the proposed formalism, with A3 being composition dependent in each case. A correlation of α12 with atomic ‘size factor’ has been found in the four systems investigated when all the solute elements are in the same group of the periodic table.
LOVA Propellant Aging: Effect of Residual Solvent

Abstract : An investigation of LOVA propellant aging was performed to identify the cause of stabilization periods in certain propellant lots. The following results were obtained: (1) the level of residual solvent in propellant grains slowly decreases while in storage; mechanical properties of the grain were qualitatively observed to change in response to the loss of plasticization by residual solvent; the rate at which solvent is lost depends on storage conditions (e.g., fire volume in storage vessel, the frequency with which vessel is opened); (2) during the drying process and while in storage, plasticizer 'comigrates' with solvent, resulting in plasticizer accumulation at grain surfaces; and (3) during grain storage, residual solvent is oxidized to generate organic acids. Based on these results, it is proposed the stabilization periods result from processes related to migration, evaporation, and oxidation of residual solvent. The effect of solvent content and migration on the relaxation of mixing/extrusion-induced propellant stress was not examined in this study, but is suspected to be significant and is recommended as a topic for future investigation.
Sleep Habits in the Elderly A Study of Three Hispanic Cultures

Little information is available on the normal aspects of sleep in the elderly, and almost none from a cross-cultural perspective. The subjects of this study consisted of 562 elderly from Mexico, Spain, Venezuela, and the United States, who completed a 55-item Sleep Questionnaire, yielding scores on nine scales. Statistically significant differences between cultural groups on five scales and significant sex differences on three scales were obtained. These differences may reflect sample differences or cultural differences related to such themes as concern with death and attitudes toward sleep.
Design of real-number checksum codes using shared partial computation for CED in linear DSP systems

We introduce a framework for the design of low-overhead real-number checksum codes for concurrent error detection in linear DSP systems. Low overhead is achieved by using shared partial computations between the DSP system and its checking circuitry. The main issue is concerned with how the partial computations are shared without compromising fault coverage since any sharing can introduce errors into both the DSP system and its checking circuitry. While exploring the design space, fast fault coverage estimators are used. For hardware-shared implementations, we obtain fault coverage exceeding 95%, with average computation overhead of only 15%. When sharing of intermediate computations in the flow-graph is implemented, we obtain 20% reduction in the number of arithmetic operations without loss of fault coverage.
Current-mode CMOS latched quaternary threshold logic full adder

A current-mode CMOS circuit that realises the latched quaternary threshold logic full adder function has been realised in standard polysilicon-gate CMOS technology. In its FOLLOW mode, the quaternary full adder accepts two quaternary inputs and a binary CARRY input and develops a two-quaternary-digit output word that is the base-four sum of the inputs. In the HOLD mode, these output states are held by a eight-valued current-mode latch subcircuit. A current-mode CMOS latched quaternary threshold logic full adder circuit is presented and experimental performance described.
Near real-time CSG rendering using tree normalization and geometric pruning

A description is given of a set of algorithms for efficiently rendering an object defined by constructive solid geometry (CSG) directly onto a frame buffer without converting first to a boundary representation. This method requires only that the frame buffer contain sufficient memory to hold two color values, two depth values, and three one-bit flags. The algorithm first converts the CSG tree to a normalized form that is analogous to the sum-of-products form for Boolean switching functions. The following are developed: dynamic interleaving of Boolean tree normalization with bounding-box pruning, allowing efficient rendering for most CSG objects; a method for extending the technique to nonconvex primitives; and implementation of these ideas in an interactive CSG design system on the Pixel-planes 4 solid modeling system. In the design system the designer directly manipulates the CSG structure while continuously viewing the color rendering of the object being designed. >
The standards development process: a view from political theory

The process in use today for developing voluntary consensus standards id often criticized for its slowness and inefficiency. This paper presents a model of the process and examines some possible alternatives to the present process and their consequences. This analysis is based on some classical results from political theory and group decision making theory.
Pesticide Residues in Eggs and Chicks From Laying Hens Fed Low Levels of Several Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides

Eighty-four Single-Comb While Leghorn laying hens housed individually in laying cages were fed rations containing less than 0.1 p.p.m. of dieldrin, DDT, heptachlor and mirex individually or in combination for 7 days and in combination for 15 weeks. DDT residues in egg yolk reached 0.043 p.p.m. by 7 days when fed in combination with the other pesticides. None of the residues were above FDA action level at 7 days and all had declined to below trace levels by 8 weeks after termination of pesticide feeding. Residues in eggs from hens fed all four pesticides for 15 weeks increased steadily for the first few weeks and then reached a plateau or increased only slightly until pesticide feeding was terminated. By the end of the 5th week of pesticide feeding all pesticides except DDT had exceeded FDA action levels for pesticides in eggs. DDT residues reached a level of 0.139 p.p.m. by 8 weeks and did not increase thereafter. Traces of the pesticides were still present 24 weeks after termination of pesticide feeding. The pesticides tested did not affect fertility of hatchability of eggs collected during the 14th and 15th weeks of pesticide feeding. Total carcass fat of chicks hatched from these eggs had 0.024 p.p.m. dieldrin, .049 p.p.m. DDT, .001 p.p.m. heptachlor epoxide and, 0.47 mirex at 1 day of age.
Early Postoperative Femur Fracture After Uncemented Collarless Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: Characterization and Results of Treatment

Abstract Thirty Vancouver type B periprosthetic fractures occurred within 90 days of total hip arthroplasty were identified using two institutional databases. Twenty-eight of these fractures were of a stereotyped fracture pattern consisting of a displaced fracture of the femoral neck including the lesser trochanter and a variable amount of the proximal medial femoral cortex creating a roughly triangular fragment. Time from operation until fracture was 2–88 days (mean 28). Mechanism of injury was fall from standing height in 12, no defined trauma in 11, stumble without fall in 5, and twisting motion in 2. Fracture treatment consisted of femoral revision in 24, fracture fixation in two, and nonoperative in four. Of the 24 treated with revision, 21 had healed fractures and stable revision stems.
Effects of Exercise on microRNA Expression in Young Males Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

MicroRNAs are increasingly seen as targets of drug discovery because they influence gene function acting both to silence and subtly modulate protein translation. Little is known about effects of dynamic physiological states on microRNA regulation in humans. We hypothesized that microRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) would be affected by brief exercise. Twelve young men performed brief bouts of heavy exercise. PBMC microRNA was analyzed before and immediately after exercise using the Agilent Human microRNA V2 Microarray. Exercise altered expression level of 34 microRNAs (FDR < 0.05). Many of them play roles in inflammatory processes (e.g., miR-125b[↓], down-regulated by proinflammatory factor LPS; and miR-132[↑], 125b[↓] and let-7e[↓] involved inTLR4 signaling). Using previous exercise data in PBMCs, we linked the microRNA changes to specific gene pathways. This analysis identified 12 pathways including the TGF-β and MAPK signaling. We also compared exercise-associated microRNA changes in PBMCs with the exercise-associated microRNAs previously identified in neutrophils. Nine microRNAs were affected in both PBMCs and neutrophils, but only six changed in the same direction. A commonly occurring physiologic perturbation, brief heavy exercise, changes microRNA profiles in PBMCs, many of which are related to inflammatory processes. The pattern of change suggests that exercise differentially influences microRNAs in leukocyte subtypes.
An interface chip for power and bidirectional data telemetry in an implantable cochlear microsystem

A wireless interface chip is described that transfers power, data, and clock from an external system to a cochlear implant and feeds back neural-response and position information. The forward telemetry front-end of the chip is comprised of a multi-output power regulator, wideband FSK data demodulator, and clock recovery circuit. The reverse telemetry back end consists of a Manchester encoder, an on-off keying modulator, and an antenna driver. A data packet checker is also considered to check the format and contents (parity) of the received data.
Proton Transfer in the Catalytic Mechanism of Carbonic Anhydrase

(1983). Proton Transfer in the Catalytic Mechanism of Carbonic Anhydrase. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry: Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 207-255.
Low-cost magnetic levitation project kits for teaching feedback system design

Low-cost magnetic levitation project kits are used in teaching system design in an introductory undergraduate control systems course. Students receive individual kits along with assembly instructions for building a magnetic levitation device that is marginally stable, and they are then challenged to modify the system to improve performance. The magnetic levitation kits provide an open-ended design problem, a class memento, and on-campus advertising for future students.
Retrieval of aerosol microphysical properties from AERONET photopolarimetric measurements: 1. Information content analysis

This paper is the first part of a two-part study that aims to retrieve aerosol particle size distribution (PSD) and refractive index from the multispectral and multiangular polarimetric measurements taken by the new-generation Sun photometer as part of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). It provides theoretical analysis and guidance to the companion study in which we have developed an inversion algorithm for retrieving 22 aerosol microphysical parameters associated with a bimodal PSD function from real AERONET measurements. Our theoretical analysis starts with generating the synthetic measurements at four spectral bands (440, 675, 870, and 1020 nm) with a Unified Linearized Vector Radiative Transfer Model for various types of spherical aerosol particles. Subsequently, the quantitative information content for retrieving aerosol parameters is investigated in four observation scenarios, i.e., I1, I2, P1, and P2. Measurements in the scenario (I1) comprise the solar direct radiances and almucantar radiances that are used in the current AERONET operational inversion algorithm. The other three scenarios include different additional measurements: (I2) the solar principal plane radiances, (P1) the solar principal plane radiances and polarization, and (P2) the solar almucantar polarization. Results indicate that adding polarization measurements can increase the degree of freedom for signal by 2–5 in the scenario P1, while not as much of an increase is found in the scenarios I2 and P2. Correspondingly, smallest retrieval errors are found in the scenario P1: 2.3% (2.9%) for the fine-mode (coarse-mode) aerosol volume concentration, 1.3% (3.5%) for the effective radius, 7.2% (12%) for the effective variance, 0.005 (0.035) for the real-part refractive index, and 0.019 (0.068) for the single-scattering albedo. These errors represent a reduction from their counterparts in scenario I1 of 79% (57%), 76% (49%), 69% (52%), 66% (46%), and 49% (20%), respectively. We further investigated those retrieval errors over a variety of aerosol loading and fine-/coarse-mode prevalence, which indicates that observations in scenario P1 can yield the retrieval of refractive index and single-scattering albedo for both fine and coarse aerosol modes, when aerosol optical depth at 440 nm is larger than 0.2 and 870/1020 nm Angstrom exponent ranges between 0.7 and 1.6.
Technological reliance: a cautionary tale for training cardiologists.

Recently, technological advancements have made available to physicians novel instrumental methodologies, which have revolutionized the diagnosis of cardiac disease. In addition to ensuring a more defined resolution of cardiovascular imaging, modalities such as echocardiography, myocardial perfusion
The ionization of aqueous ammonia to 300°C in KCl media

A potentiometric technique using a hydrogen electrode concentration cell with flowing solutions was employed to study the ionization of ammonia over the temperature range 50–295°C in KCl media from 0.04 to 3.3m. The isothermal pressure coefficient of the ionization reaction was obtained at pressures up to 100 bars and temperatures to 250°C in these same media, and was found to vary as the square root of the ionic strength within the experimental error. Smoothing functions have been presented which also fit selected published data on the ammonia ionization reaction with a standard error of fit of 1.8 times the assigned uncertainties. Thermodynamic parameters for the reaction have been tabulated at rounded temperatures, and ionic strengths at the saturation vapor pressure. A limit is given for the association quotient of HCl at 300°C in 3m KCl based on these data.
Achieving and maintaining cleanliness in NIF amplifiers

Cleanliness measurements made on AMPLAB prototype National Ignition Facility (NIF) laser amplifiers during assembly, cassette transfer, and amplifier operation are summarized. These measurements include particle counts from surface cleanliness assessments using filter swipe techniques and from airborne particle monitoring. Results are compared with similar measurements made on the Beamlet and Nova lasers and in flashlamp test fixtures. Observations of Class 100,000 aerosols after flashlamp firings are discussed. Comparisons are made between typical damage densities on laser amplifier optics from Novette, NOVA, Beamlet, and AMPLAB.
Cleburne Not Romer: Objective versus Subjective Theories of Animus

There has been a concerted effort by jurists and scholars to characterize the doctrine of animus in a way that raises the doctrinal, political, and institutional stakes of invoking the doctrine to an intolerable level. This strategy appears designed to accomplish two primary outcomes. First: to eliminate a useful, equality-forcing doctrine (i.e., animus) from the equal protection lexicon. Second: to preemptively carve out a space for accommodation of religious objection to same-sex marriage and the equality of sexual minorities.As explained in greater detail in the essay, one can observe two competing theories of unconstitutional animus: a weak subjective theory and a more vigorous objective theory. The subjective theory reduces the concept of animus to something akin to discriminatory intent — the idea that a law violates equal protection only when it is motivated by ill will on the part of its proponents. By contrast, the objective theory of animus requires no inquiry into the hearts and minds of legislators or voters, but instead focuses on the structure and impact of the challenged law.Significantly, the objective theory of animus moves us past an antiquated understanding of discrimination based on conscious and explicit expressions of bias and toward a more realistic and productive understanding of discrimination based on unconscious bias as it manifests in legal structuring.This essay documents the effort to cabin the doctrine of animus, and demonstrates how this effort conflicts with established animus precedent.
Infarction Volume Predicts Recovery from Prolonged Disability in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (P06.253)

Objective: To evaluate predictors of 3-month outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) who are severely disabled at 14 days. Background Validated predictors of outcome after SAH include delayed cerebral ischemia, age, and admission neurologic grade. Less is known about recovery in those who remain severely neurologically injured at 14 days. Since delayed ischemia varies in severity between patients, its consequences should also vary. Thus, we hypothesized that volume of cerebral infarction is associated with recovery in these patients. Design/Methods: We prospectively identified consecutive SAH patients and recorded clinical data, including cerebral infarction on routinely obtained CT scans. We defined severe neurological injury at 14 days as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 4 or 5 and NIH Stroke Scale ≥ 8. The mRS was prospectively recorded at three months (mRS 0-3, functional independence, and mRS 4-6, dependence or death). Infarction volume was calculated (AnalyzeDirect, Mayo Clinic) from the diagnostic CT. We explored outcome determinants with logistic and ordinal regression. Results: At 14 days, 87 patients (mean age 58.0 ± 14.7 years, 37.5% male) had severe neurologic injury and 63 (71.6%) had infarctions. Three-month outcomes were known in 79 (89.8%), 27 (30.7%) of whom were independent. Fourteen (16%) patients died, 7 from withdrawal of support. Age and infarct volume were associated with outcome, but transcranial Doppler velocity above 120 cm/s, symptomatic vasospasm, WFNS grade, and modified Fisher grade were not. In multivariate logistic regression, age (1.07 per year, 95%CI 1.02-1.1, P=0.002) and infarct volume (1.05 per mL, 95%CI 1.01-1.08, P=0.01) were associated with increased odds of 3-month dependence or death. Results were similar for ordinal regression. Conclusions: In patients with aSAH who remain severely neurologically injured at 14 days, recovery is possible and is associated with age and infarction volume. These data may aid in planning care. Disclosure: Dr. Rosenberg has nothing to disclose. Dr. Liebling has nothing to disclose. Dr. Maas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Naidech has received research support from Gaymar Inc.
The Mercury Arc as a Source of Intermittent Light

The possibility of using intense intermittent light for motion pictures and special photography is discussed. Physical limitations of sources of intermittent illumination are reviewed. The characteristics of the mercury-arc thyratron which give it advantages as an intermittent light source are enumerated, viz., (1) the light is photographically actinic; (2) the duration of a light flash can be made less than ten microseconds; (3) the light intensity is high; (4) the frequency of flash is easily and accurately controlled by means of a grid. An example of the use of intense intermittent light is given, showing how stroboscopic motion pictures of the angular transients of synchronous motors are taken.
Turbulence Characteristics of Axisymmetric and Non-Circular Synthetic Jets

This paper discusses the turbulence and flow characteristics of axisymmetric and non-circular synthetic jets. The different orifice configurations, all having the same equivalent diameter, are: circular, triangular, square, and a slot. The deterministic component dominates the fluctuations of the flow near the orifice in the synthetic jet. Triple decomposition technique is used to extract the random fluctuations of the flow and it’s showed that their level is similar to the level in the conventional turbulent jet. POD modes are used to extract the coherent structures in the flow of the synthetic jets. The modes show the deformations of the coherent structures during the axis switching in the non-circular jets, and confirm the decline of the deterministic component in the fluctuations of the flow further downstream.
Catalysis in a Cage: Condition-Dependent Speciation and Dynamics of Exchanged Cu Cations in SSZ-13 Zeolites

The relationships among the macroscopic compositional parameters of a Cu-exchanged SSZ-13 zeolite catalyst, the types and numbers of Cu active sites, and activity for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 are established through experimental interrogation and computational analysis of materials across the catalyst composition space. Density functional theory, stochastic models, and experimental characterizations demonstrate that within the synthesis protocols applied here and across Si:Al ratios, the volumetric density of six-membered-rings (6MR) containing two Al (2Al sites) is consistent with a random Al siting in the SSZ-13 lattice subject to Lowenstein’s rule. Further, exchanged CuII ions first populate these 2Al sites before populating remaining unpaired, or 1Al, sites as CuIIOH. These sites are distinguished and enumerated ex situ through vibrational and X-ray absorption spectroscopies (XAS) and chemical titrations. In situ and operando XAS follow Cu oxidation state and coordinatio...
Preserved Quality of Life in Octogenarians After Cardiac Surgery “Pride Cometh Before the Fall”

See related article on pages 48–53. In the accompanying article the authors have done something that many cardiothoracic surgeons should perform more often—that is query their postoperative patients periodically to find out their mental and physical status. All surgeons carefully measure their operative mortality and morbidity rates and act on any one of these when they are not up to national standards. The Wolverhampton, UK cardiac surgeons noticed that they were more frequently asked to perform cardiac surgery on patients who were 80 years of age or more. This was especially noticeable when catheter based aortic valve replacement became a common procedure in their unit. As this seemed to be a departure from their usual practice, they decided to send out a health survey (SF12) to the 308 patients who were still living and more than 2 years from their operation. They divided the respondents into 3 groups based on their survival from operation—o3 years—61 patients; 3–5 years—86 patients; and 45 years—87 patients returned questionnaires. They found no difference in the mental and physical scores between all groups. They concluded that the quality of life for octogenarians undergoing cardiac surgery is preserved regardless of the time interval from and the type of surgery (coronary artery bypass grafting, isolated valve, and complicated) performed. These results appeared to justify the aggressive surgical approach and we assume that they are still using the same criteria for operable patients in Wolverhampton. So did these impressive results raise any questions as to the validity of the authors conclusions. In my opinion these results should be taken with a grain of salt and the authors should consider performing another study with different methodology. First of all we have data from patients at widely different time periods from surgery where different operations were performed. It would be very helpful if the SF-12 data and other measures of general health were measured at regular intervals
My Hometown Travel Notes:Traffic Issues in Wuhan

Based on what I observed during my hometown trip back to Wuhan,this paper identifies some traffic issues commonly seen in China,and presents accordingly several strategies to improve the situation,including a) managing ur-ban roads and traffic operation by functional classification,and picking up speed limits along arterials;b) re-configuring intersection layouts and signalization to meet local traffic needs;c) constraining bus traffic on major passenger corridors through transit system integration;d) developing a comprehen-sive parking system to address unlawful on-street parking;and e) enforcing traffic regulations and laws to wake up the public for better driving/walking behaviors.Those traffic im-provement remedies for Wuhan,one of the mega-cities in Chi-na,might as well be helpful elsewhere.
Investigation of Aids Knowledge in Primary Official in Dongguan City

Objective To perform a survey on the official of Dongguan city for their knowledge,prediction of pidemic trend and attitudes to the prevention and control strategy about HIV / AIDS. Mothods Anonymous self-eported questionnaire type survey was conducted among the primary officials. Results The awareness rate on HIV/IDS was 77.6%. 46.1% of the respondents agreed that the epidemic situation was extremely serious and the disease ad the tendency of spreading out,11.9% agreed to have a village for the AIDS patients for the controlling purpose,.7% indicated that personal information of the AIDS patients should be disclosed,16.9% agreed on the termination f their job duty through resignation,early retirement or sick leave,and 16.4% supported on the health test of all the mployees. Conclusion Most of the leading cadres at the county and city levels in Dongguan had adequate knowledge. ome of the cadres are relatively conservative in the disease control and prevention. Therefore,policy dissemination nd advocacy should be strengthened among the leading cadres.
Influence of Eastern Oysters on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Regeneration in Chesapeake Bay, USA

Suspension-feeding bivalves couple pelagic and benthic processes because they consume seston from the water column, and their biodeposits (feces and pseudofeces) settle on the sediment surface. Abundant stocks of bivalves can exert grazer control on phytoplankton, and this results in some nitrogen and phosphorus being regenerated to the water column as excreta and via microbial decomposition of biodeposits. Bivalve biodeposition, however, enhances net ecosystem losses of N and P via sediment burial and bacterially mediated, coupled nitrification-denitrification. Bivalve feeding also reduces turbidity and thereby increases light available for microphytobenthos. Although microphytobenthos may compete with nitrifying bacteria for N, potentially reducing coupled nitrification-denitrification, they retain N and P within sediments, further reducing net regeneration to the water column.
The Cambridge Companion to Deleuze

In his carefully reasoned “Introduction” to the present volume of essays, assessing the manifold contributions of Gilles Deleuze to contemporary philosophic thought, Henry Somers-Hall begins by ack...
Displacement of the p-Tolylsulfonyloxy Group in 1,2:5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-O-p-tolylsulfonyl-α-d-glucofuranose: 3-Azido-3-deoxy-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-allofuranose

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the displacement of the p -tolylsulfonyloxy group in 1,2:5,6-di- O -isopropylidene-3- O - p -tolylsulfonyl- α - d -glucofuranose. Displacement of the p -tolylsulfonyloxy group from l,2:5,6-di- O -isopropylidene-3- O - p -tolylsulfonyl- α - d -glucofuranose has been difficult to achieve with anionic nucleophiles. Uncharged nucleophiles such as ammonia and hydrazine readily displace the p -tolylsulfonyloxy group with inversion at C-3 to give derivatives of l,2:5,6-di- O -iso-propylidene- α - d -allofuranose. The diminished reactivity of anionic nucleophiles results from attack on the sugar ring opposite the p -tolylsulfonyloxy group with the consequent need to overcome nonbonding electron repulsions from the oxygens on C-l, C-2, and the ring oxygen. The successful displacement of the p -tolylsulfonyloxy group with the anionic nucleophiles azide and thiolacetate has been reported using N , N -dimethylformamide solvent to obtain 3-azido-3-deoxy-1,2:5,6-di- O -isopropylidene- α - d -allofuranose and 3- S -acetyl-l,2:5,6-di- O -isopropylidene-3-thio- α - d -allofuranose in yields of 53% and 70% respectively.
HF Network Evaluation in the Alaskan Auroral Zone

The Air Force is sponsoring a project to demonstrate and evaluate HF network performance in the Alaskan auroral zone. Automatic adaptive HF radio equipment is currently being installed at several Alaskan Air Force sites to form a testbed network that will be used to evaluate improvements in HF communication reliability and connectivity in the auroral zone. Each terminal consists of the Air Force AN/URC-119 Pacer Bounce Radio interfaced with microprocessor adaptive controllers. Network control algorithms are being developed based upon a hierarchical distributed network protocol, and programmed into the adaptive terminal node control computers. Tests are in progress to evaluate system performance in the auroral region, including link establishment, message reliability, network throughput, and message routing delays. Demonstrations are planned to evaluate system performance in the Alaskan operational environment.
The Virtual Body of Christ and the Embrace of those Traumatized by Cancer

Most theological work on trauma tends to address those traumatized by human violence. This chapter focuses on recent expansion of the PTSD diagnosis to include those living with serious illness. Trauma’s impact on the seriously ill is explored, as well as how theology and religious communities might help mitigate its debilitating effects. The author draws on her experiences of living with stage IV cancer, as well as on cultural theories of virtual reality to propose that virtual incarnations of the body of Christ made possible through digital technology not only create new avenues for facilitation of understanding, but also make material—even salvific—differences in the lives of those traumatized by cancer.
Decoys reveal the genetic and biochemical roles of redundant plant E3 ubiquitin ligases

The ubiquitin proteasome system is the main cellular route for protein degradation in eukaryotes. It relies on the action of E3 ubiquitin ligases to specifically recognize substrate proteins and facilitate their ubiquitylation. Three challenges inhibit studies of E3 ligase function in plants: 1) genetic redundancy, 2) labile interactions between an E3 ligase and its cognate substrates, and 3) validation of true substrates. To overcome these challenges, we have developed a decoy method that allows for rapid genetic analysis of redundant E3 ligases followed by an unbiased approach for the identification of E3 ligase interacting proteins. We coupled the decoy method with reconstitution of the ubiquitylation reaction in mammalian tissue culture cells for rapid functional analysis and validation of putative target proteins. We tested the method by studying a partially redundant family of plant F-box proteins, ZTL, LKP2, and FKF1, revealing the differential genetic impacts on the circadian clock and seasonal flowering. We also demonstrate that the plant circadian clock transcription factor CHE is a previously unknown target of ZTL. These results demonstrate a three-step method that allows for rapid genetic and biochemical characterization of redundant or partially redundant E3 ubiquitin ligases in plants and other systems.
Solar Fuels and Solar Chemicals Industry.

Two decades of solar energy research, since the “Holy Grails” Account on Artificial Photosynthesis, has delivered astounding discovery that sets the stage for a paradigm shift from a fuels and chemicals industry powered by fossil fuels to one powered by the sun.
Federalism Swings Both Ways: A Strategy to Claim Our Right to a Healthful Environment

The Constitution of the United States of America guarantees those within its borders certain rights. The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments provide that no government, Federal or State, shall deprive any person of life without due process of law. The requirements of life are straightforward: humans require water, air, food, sleep, and shelter. If denied access to these requirements, we die. If denied clean, reliable sources of these requirements, we become sick and ultimately die. Each of these requirements is inextricably linked to the natural world. Unfortunately, our legal system does not yet recognize that our constitutional right to life ought to protect our access to these requirements. However, past civil rights movements have overcome this hurdle. One strategy, recently utilized by the right-to-marry movement, is to take the issue to the states. Once several states recognize a right, it greatly increases the odds of the Supreme Court finding that a right is “deeply rooted in this Nation’s history and tradition” and “implicit in the concept of ordered liberty” and is thus a substantive due process right. This Note begins with a discussion of the 2014 Elk River spill in West Virginia. That catastrophe demonstrates how the modern environmental law regime fails to adequately protect the people’s access to the requirements of life. The following section will identify jurisdictions that have a “right to healthful environment” and discuss how each jurisdiction applies said right. This will help to define the right if recognized as a component of our substantive due process right to life. Finally, this Note conducts a comparative analysis of each state’s substantive due process jurisprudence to determine which state is most likely to recognize the right first.
Polymalic Acid Tritryptophan Copolymer Interacts with Lipid Membrane Resulting in Membrane Solubilization.

Anionic polymers with membrane permeation functionalities are highly desirable for secure cytoplasmic drug delivery. We have developed tritryptophan containing copolymer (P/WWW) of polymalic acid (PMLA) that permeates membranes by a mechanism different from previously described PMLA copolymers of trileucine (P/LLL) and leucine ethyl ester (P/LOEt) that use the “barrel stave” and “carpet” mechanism, respectively. The novel mechanism leads to solubilization of membranes by forming copolymer “belts” around planar membrane “packages.” The formation of such packages is supported by results obtained from studies including size-exclusion chromatography, confocal microscopy, and fluorescence energy transfer. According to this “belt” mechanism, it is hypothesized that P/WWW first attaches to the membrane surface. Subsequently the hydrophobic tryptophan side chains translocate into the periphery and insert into the lipid bilayer thereby cutting the membrane into packages. The reaction is driven by the high affinity between the tryptophan residues and lipid side chains resulting in a stable configuration. The formation of the membrane packages requires physical agitation suggesting that the success of the translocation depends on the fluidity of the membrane. It is emphasized that the “belt” mechanism could specifically function in the recognition of abnormal cells with high membrane fluidity and in response to hyperthermia.