cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plastic flow resistance of NiTiCu shape memory alloy-theory and experiments

Abstract The NiTiCu alloys belong to a class of materials with excellent shape memory properties. The limitations in shape memory properties arise due to onset of slip at interfaces and also in austenite domains. As slip mediated plasticity is a source of irreversibility, it is imperative to understand the glide resistance of austenite which can be rather complex. In this paper, we develop a model to precisely derive the CRSS for slip substantiated with the uniaxial loading experiments on single crystals in a wide range of orientations employing Digital Image Correlation. We illustrate the core spreading of {011} dislocations and evaluate the role of non-Schmid stress components which introduces profound anisotropy in CRSS levels. The model matches the experimental findings in single crystals with excellent agreement. The theory and experiments show significant crystal orientation dependence of plasticity which must be taken into account when designing with these alloys.
RISK FACTORS PREVENTING RETURN TO BASELINE ACTIVITY LEVEL AFTER BANKART REPAIR

BackgroundAs sports specialization continues to grow amongst youth, the prevalence of shoulder instability continues to increase. Bankart repair exists as a primary method to combat these issues, y...
Localization of Light-Induced Phenylacetic Acid-Binding Sites in Corn Coleoptile Membranes: Possible Association of the Blue Light Photoreceptor Pigment with the Plasma Membrane

A wide range of physiological responses in plants is controlled by a pigment which absorbs blue light (reviews: [14, 17]. Experimental evidence indicates that a flavoprotein is the photoreceptor pigment for a majority of these blue light responses. Particularly notable are results involving the phototropic responses in Phycomyces [13] and corn [16, 19] and phototaxis in Euglena [4]. The isolation of the particular flavoproteins involved in these photoresponses has proven difficult because there are so many cellular flavoproteins and because there is no in vitro assay specific for the photoreceptor pigment at present.
Optical Measurement of Strain on Thin-film Polysilicon Tensile Specimens

Techniques and procedures are described for measuring strain on thin polysilicon films by laser interferometry. Tiny gold lines serve as the gage markers, and strains have been measured on films as thin as 1.5 micron. Biaxial strains can also be measured to determine Poisson’s ratio along with Young’s modulus.
Untimely Returns: Shoring Fragments Against Ruins in Daphne du Maurier’s Rebecca

This essay examines the problematics of the fragmentary, the ruined and the untimely in Daphne du Maurier’s Rebecca. Gaston Bachelard argues that a “creature that hides and ‘withdraws into its shell’ is preparing an escape.” Such escapes, which “take place in cases of repressed being,” manifest a “postponed aggressiveness, aggressiveness that bides its time”—a dynamic dramatized by Rebecca’s spectacular return. The narrator’s namelessness reflects her belated and fragmentary ontological status as dramatized by her fruitless attempts to erase Rebecca’s presence from Manderley. The tropes of fragmentation and of the return of the repressed are encapsulated by the narrator’s figure of the “funny fragment of time.” Manderley materializes the novel’s tropology of the ruined and the fragmentary.
Discovery of CNS-Penetrant Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1 (ASK1) Inhibitors.

Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a key mediator in the apoptotic and inflammatory cellular stress response. To investigate the therapeutic value of modulating this pathway in neurolog...
How Urban Food Pantries are Stocked and Food Is Distributed: Food Pantry Manager Perspectives from Baltimore

Low-income, food-insecure Baltimore residents frequently rely on food pantries. In this study, pantry managers were key informants who shared information on how and why certain products were obtain...
The Clash Takes on the World: Transnational Perspectives on the Only Band That Matters

Some dismiss the first-wave English punk bands that formed in the Sex Pistols’ wake simply because they came after. But as Don Letts (the Clash videographer photographed before a line of police off...
A Decline in Walking Speed Is Associated With Incident Knee Replacement in Adults With and at Risk for Knee Osteoarthritis.

Objective To determine if a 1-year change in walking speed is associated with receiving an incident knee replacement during the following year in adults with and at risk for knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Using data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative, we determined a 1-year change in the 20-meter walk speed from 3 observation periods (i.e., 0–12, 12–24, and 24–36 months). We operationally defined 1-year change in walking speed as either (1) decline: ≤ –0.1 m/s change, (2) no change: between –0.1 and 0.1 m/s change, and (3) increase: ≥ 0.1 m/s change. Incident knee replacement was defined using each subsequent 1-year period (i.e., 12–24, 24–36, and 36–48 months). Combining data from the 3 observation periods, we performed a Poisson regression with robust error variance to determine the relative risk between a change in walking speed (exposure) and incident knee replacement over the following year (outcome). Results Of the 4264 participants included within this analysis (11,311 total person visits), 115 (3%) adults received a knee replacement. Decline in walking speed was associated with a 104% increase in risk [adjusted relative risk (RR) 2.04, 95% CI 1.40–2.98], while an increase in walking speed associated with a 55% decrease in risk (RR 0.45; 95% CI 0.22–0.93) of incident knee replacement in the following year compared to a person with no change in walking speed. Conclusion A 1-year decline in walking speed is associated with an increased risk, while a 1-year increase in walking speed is associated with a decreased risk of future incident knee replacement.
MIMO Radar for Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems and Autonomous Driving: Advantages and Challenges

Important requirements for automotive radar are high resolution, low hardware cost, and small size. Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) radar technology has been receiving considerable attention from automotive radar manufacturers because it can achieve a high angular resolution with relatively small numbers of antennas. For that ability, it has been exploited in the current-generation automotive radar for advanced driverassistance systems (ADAS) as well as in next-generation highresolution imaging radar for autonomous driving. This article reviews MIMO radar basics, highlighting the features that make this technology a good fit for automotive radar and reviewing important theoretical results for increasing the angular resolution. The article also describes challenges arising during the application of existing MIMO radar theory to automotive radar that provide interesting problems for signal processing researchers.
Re-examining systematic literature review in management research: Additional benefits and execution protocols

Abstract A systematic literature review provides a comprehensive overview of literature related to a research question and synthesizes previous work to strengthen a particular topic’s foundation of knowledge, while adhering to the concepts of transparency and bias reduction. In the growing, complex, and dynamic, management research field, systematic literature reviews have value, yet there is relatively little work published describing how management researchers might apply this approach. In explaining the purpose of systematic reviews, we define a systematic review and describe its rationale. We then discuss how systematic literature reviews may enhance management research and address current management research shortcomings. We present a detailed systematic literature review execution guideline, outlining systematic literature review steps, and providing keys to effective implementation.
Volunteerism and Cardiovascular Health: The HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study.

Objectives The objective of this study was to examine the association between volunteerism and favorable cardiovascular health (CVH) among Hispanics/Latinos living in the US. Methods Data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (2008-2011) Sociocultural Ancillary Study were used (N = 4,926; ages 18-74 years). Favorable CVH was defined as positive profiles of all major CVD risk factors: low total serum cholesterol, blood pressure, and body mass index; not having diabetes; and not smoking. Survey-weighted logistic regression models were adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and psychological factors. In secondary analyses, we tested whether the volunteerism-CVH association was modified by sex, age, or years lived in the US (<10 vs. ≥10 years; a proxy acculturation measure). Results Prevalence of volunteerism was 14.5%. Compared to non-volunteers, volunteers had 1.67 higher odds of favorable CVH in the fully-adjusted model (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.67, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.11, 2.52). There was evidence of effect modification by acculturation; only volunteers who had lived in the US ≥10 years had 2.41 higher odds of favorable CVH (OR = 2.41, 95% CI=1.53, 3.80). There was no evidence of effect modification by sex or age. Conclusions Volunteerism was associated with favorable CVH among US Hispanics/Latinos.
Tuning magnetic order in the van der Waals metal Fe 5 GeTe 2 by cobalt substitution

The magnetic van der Waals materials with the highest ordering temperatures are generally metallic ferromagnets, such as Fe${}_{5}$GeTe${}_{2}$ with a Curie temperature near 300 K. In this work, the authors have demonstrated an ability to produce an antiferromagnetic state with an enhanced critical temperature by substituting cobalt for iron. While such a change to the magnetism is not uncommon, the important finding here is that the change in magnetic order is coupled not just to the chemical modification but also to a change in layer stacking that is induced by the cobalt substitution.
Second Survey of County Health Departments of Kansas and COVID-19: Time for Change in Model for Pandemic Response

Introduction. SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) causing COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) continues to be widespread in Kansas. County health departments are trying to contain this pandemic. Methods. This second survey of Kansas county health department directors occurred from August 7 to September 7, 2020. Since the first survey in April, there have been significant increases in the number of positive cases of COVID-19 and related deaths. Thus, the aim of the study was to re-evaluate county-level containment efforts and assess shortfalls that were previously identified in the April 2020 survey. Results. In total, 41 out of 105 directors responded to the survey. Generally, respondents said there were increased supplies for testing, increased testing centers, shorter time to get test results, and in some cases, increased funding. However, the number of people involved in contact tracing had not substantially increased, which was one of the recommended changes for improving containment. Moreover, of those persons who were tested, only a few (18%) counties inquired if they wear masks in public. From comments reported, there was a sense of employees being overwhelmed, especially among the smaller county health departments. Conclusions. As the cases of and deaths from COVID-19 are increasing in the state, especially in high density areas, the respondents to our survey indicate there is continued need for additional funding with easy access, increased staffing, especially for contact tracing, and significant help for effective messaging to improve adherence to public health directives.
Needle-free injectors

Abstract Needle-free injectors are biomedical devices that deliver the medication without the use of hypodermic needles by creating a high-speed stream of fluid that impacts the skin and delivers the medication. Needle-free injections offer many advantages over traditional injections such as needle phobia, injection-related pain, and needle stick injuries. Although needle-free injections have been used clinically for over 50 years, they have not reached their full potential due to challenges such as the risk of infection, bruising, clogging of the injector, splash, and splatter. Scientists are using innovative techniques to alleviate some of the challenges associated with current technology. The chapter introduces the concept of needle-free injectors, various components of needle-free jet injectors such as the injection device, nozzle, and pressure sources. The chapter then discusses the various technologies involved in the delivery of drug using needle-free injectors. In addition, different mechanisms and types of needle-free injections are presented. Finally, limitations of current needle-free injectors and future directions of this technology with respect to the clinical use are further examined.
Social Media Use by the Modern Leader

The purpose of this chapter is to examine how transparent and authentic leadership is conveyed when leaders use social media. All leaders need social media. Depending on the type of use, social media can help or hurt the leader if they do not exercise the proper control over their influence. By examining the influence of power as used by Saul with the influence of power as demonstrated by Paul in the New Testament, modern Christian leaders have an example of positive and negative ways to use power to influence others while considering the Beatitudes. Value-based leadership is discussed as it relates to transparent and authentic leadership. A discussion regarding Winston’s (2002) work on the Beatitudes is used as guidelines for helping leaders present a positive self and church images while cultivating transparent and authentic leadership in social media.
Sex-related differences in cognitive trajectories in older individuals with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity.

Introduction It is unknown whether rates of cognitive decline differ between older women and men with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight or obesity. Methods Two to four cognitive assessments were obtained across up to 10 years from 2799 adults (mean age 68 years; 62% women) with T2D who had been enrolled in a clinical trial of weight loss intervention. Sex-related differences in means and rates of decline of cognitive scores were assessed. Results Women outperformed men in verbal learning and processing speed (P < 0.001), but not executive function (P = 0.22). The rates of decline over time for women and men were similar (P ≥ 0.10); however women, but not men, with apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 alleles had steeper declines in verbal learning (P = 0.02) and processing speed (P = 0.007) than those without these alleles. Discussion Cognitive advantages for women with T2D and overweight/obesity over men are preserved as they age; however, these are eroded by the APOE e4 genotype.
Repeat Imaging in Blunt Hepatic Injuries Can Wait for Clinical Change

Abstract Background There is variability regarding the utilization and timing of repeat imaging in adult patients with blunt hepatic injury who are managed nonoperatively. This study examines the rate of delayed complications and interventions in patients with blunt hepatic injuries who undergo repeat imaging prompted either by clinical change (CC) or non-clinical change (NCC). Methods A nine-year, retrospective, dual-institution study was performed of adult patients with blunt hepatic injuries. Patients were identified based on whether repeat imaging was performed and reason for reimaging: CC or NCC. The incidence of delayed complications and interventions was examined for each type of scan. Results Of 365 patients, 122 (33.4%) underwent repeat imaging [CC, n = 72 (59%); NCC, n=50 (41%)]. Mean time to repeat imaging was shorter in the NCC group [CC = 7.6 ± 8 days; NCC = 4.7 ± 6.3 days, P = 0.034]. Delayed complications were found in 30 (25%) patients reimaged, [CC, n = 20; NCC, n = 10, P = 0.395]. Interventions were performed in 12 (40%) patients [CC, n = 10; NCC, n = 2, P = 0.120]. Conclusions Repeat imaging due to NCC occurred earlier than imaging performed by CC. One quarter of patients reimaged demonstrated a delayed complication, with nearly half undergoing intervention. There was no difference in incidence of delayed complications or interventions between groups, suggesting repeat imaging can be prompted by clinical change in blunt hepatic injuries.
Cation specificity and modes of the Na+:CO3(2-):HCO3- cotransporter in renal basolateral membrane vesicles.

The cation specificity and possible exchange modes of the Na+:CO3(2-):HCO3- cotransporter were evaluated by use of basolateral membrane vesicles isolated from rabbit renal cortex. External Li+ inhibited HCO3- gradient-stimulated 22Na uptake, indicating that Li+ interacts with the Na+:CO3(2-):HCO3- cotransporter. No interaction with K+, choline, Rb+, Cs+, or NH4+ could be similarly detected. Imposing an outward Li+ gradient caused quenching of acridine orange fluorescence in the presence but not in the absence of HCO3-, suggesting that Li+:base cotransport takes place via the Na+:CO3(2-):HCO3- cotransporter. Imposing an outward gradient of unlabeled Na+ stimulated the initial rate of 22Na uptake and induced its transient uphill accumulation, indicating Na(+)-Na+ exchange. Na(+)-Na+ exchange was observed in the presence but not in the absence of HCO3- and was inhibited by 4,4‘-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2‘-disulfonic acid (DIDS), suggesting that it occurs via the Na+:CO3(2-):HCO3- cotransporter. Similarly, an outward Li+ gradient stimulated uphill 22Na accumulation, indicating Na(+)-Li+ exchange. Na(+)-Li+ exchange was observed in the presence but not in the absence of HCO3-, and was inhibited by DIDS, suggesting that it also occurs via the Na+:CO3(2-):HCO3- cotransporter. Both Na(+)-Na+ and Li(+)-Na+ exchange modes were sensitive to inhibition by harmaline but not by amiloride. We conclude that Li+ is an alternative substrate for the renal Na+:CO3(2-):HCO3- cotransporter. Transport modes of the system include cation:base cotransport and HCO3-dependent cation-cation exchange.
Utility of musculoskeletal ultrasound in a Department of Defense rheumatology practice: a four-year retrospective experience

Objective To analyze the utility of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) in a rheumatology department and characterize relevant clinical trends. Methods Electronic medical records of all patients (n = 503) requiring MSUS in our department from January 2007 to December 2011 were reviewed. Rheumatologists performed MSUS using MyLab 25 or MyLab 70 systems. Clinical data were collected, including age, sex, symptoms, joint(s) examined, MSUS findings, procedures, further radiologic studies, and additional specialty consults. Results were tabulated from 717 total MSUS encounters and each was categorized as a completed encounter or an incomplete encounter. All magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports that followed MSUS were examined for concurrence. Cumulative numbers of MSUS examinations and MRIs were totaled. The Medicare global national average cost for MRIs and potential savings were calculated. Results A total of 789 joint sites were examined by MSUS. There were 84 US-guided procedures. Overall, 158 specialty consults were generated. After MSUS, 55 additional radiologic studies were ordered. There were 613 (85.5%) primary completed MSUS encounters and 104 cases (14.5%) requiring further imaging studies or an orthopedic consultation. There was an increased use of MSUS and a concurrent decreased use of MRI in our department over 4 consecutive years. We calculated the total potential savings from our rheumatology service to the Department of Defense as approximately $27,937.80 to $38,047.20 over 4 years. Conclusion MSUS has a positive impact in a rheumatology practice. MSUS augments the clinical examination, influences diagnosis and management, decreases reliance on other imaging modalities, and reduces health care costs.
Is Data Mining Ever a Search Under Justice Stevens' Fourth Amendment?

On a daily basis, we convey a wealth of information about our online and offline activities to various third parties, such as Internet service providers, telephone companies, credit card issuers, banks, and the like. Under the Supreme Court's third-party doctrine, government data mining of this information in individual or aggregated databases does not constitute a search regulated by the Fourth Amendment. According to the Court, any expectation of privacy we may possess in this information is categorically unreasonable, because we presumptively assumed the risk that it would be turned over to the authorities. Justice Stevens has signed onto this narrow view of the Fourth Amendment. However, as this symposium paper on his jurisprudence argues, Justice Stevens also has suggested limits on the third-party doctrine and its applicability to data mining. In particular, he has implied that normative considerations rather than risk assumption ultimately must determine the extent of our freedom from unreasonable searches; that this freedom from government intrusion deserves greater rather than lesser protection when our privacy is threatened by technological forces beyond our control; and that technology that enables inferences about our personal lives may violate this freedom as much as actual exposure of our private activities. Although it is unclear whether the Court or even Justice Stevens will embrace these suggestions when confronted with third-party cases involving data mining, they at least point the way to a future in which the Fourth Amendment may staunch the loss of privacy from surveillance technologies that approach total information awareness about us.
Las distancias en el proceso de internacionalización: el caso del banco Santander

El trabajo analiza el proceso de internacionalizacion de las empresas de servicios. El analisis de la internacionalizacion del Banco Santander ilustra tres argumentos. Primero, la idea de que la distancia entre el pais de origen y el pais de destino determina la decision de seleccion de los paises donde invertir varia en funcion del tipo de distancia analizada (cultural, politica, geografica, o economica). Segundo, la influencia de las distancias en el proceso de internacionalizacion de las empresas de servicios difiere de la influencia en las empresas industriales. Tercero, el impacto de las distancias en el proceso de internacionalizacion disminuye con la expansion de la empresa en varios paises.
Characterization of Ribosomes from the Myxomycete Physarum rigidum Grown in Pure Culture

The plasmodial phase of the myxomycete Physarum rigidum, analyzed during the period of rapid growth, attained a ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein content of 9.8 and 60.0%, respectively, on a dry weight basis. It possessed ribosomes of the 80S class which, especially in the absence of magnesium ions, partially dissociated to 60S and 40S subunit classes. Electron micrographs of ribosomes treated with uranyl acetate-lead citrate revealed a number of surface features. Nucleotide analyses of both ribosomal and total RNA disclosed that they were composed of 51.0 and 52.5% guanylic and cytidylic acids, respectively. Consistent with most reports on other organisms, guanylic acid was the most abundant nucleotide found in the various types of RNA and cytidylic acid was the least abundant. The S(0) (20,w) values of the total RNA classes, in 0.01 sodium acetate (pH 4.6) containing 0.10 m NaCl, were 5.2, 18.1, and 27.3 in S units. Changing the ionic environment of the RNA (0.017 molal potassium phosphate, pH 7.0, containing 0.01 m disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate) resulted in a reduction of the S(0) (20,w) values to 4.2, 16.6, and 22.6 in S units, which is indicative of molecular conformational transitions. In general, the amino acid composition of the ribosomal proteins was similar to the data available on ribosomal proteins from other biological sources.
A Review of “Azari, Julia R. Delivering the People's Message: The Changing Politics of the Presidential Mandate.”

Julia R. Azari's new book, Delivering the People's Message, is an important volume. Thanks to Professor Azari, we now have a more complete understanding of the use and abuse of presidential mandate...
Barack Obama and North Korea: A Study in Presidential Transition

This study will examine the policy of the incoming administration of Barack Obama toward North Korea's nuclear program as a case-study in presidential transitions. Obama did not give much prominence to North Korea during the campaign, but he clearly framed the talks on the DPRK nuclear question in the broader contexts of promoting international law, strengthening the nuclear nonproliferation regime, and pursuing broad multilateral diplomacy. Furthermore, he laid out simple but clear policy guidelines. The USA would engage the DPRK and remain open to positive incentives for denuclearization. On the other hand, the DPRK would receive no material incentives simply for returning to the Six-Party Talks, would have to meet its existing obligations before new incentives could be offered, and could not expect bilateral talks outside the context of the Six-Party Talks. The “two-track” policy of diplomatic engagement and sanctions that had emerged by the end of the presidential transition closely conformed to the general guidelines that Obama had laid out in the campaign. The administration pressed successfully for new UN sanctions and resumed enforcement of the UN ban on weapons shipments that had been allowed to lapse under Bush. These actions were intended, however, to complement, not supplant, an engagement strategy. Throughout his first year in office, Obama continued actively to seek resumption of dialogue, culminating in the bilateral talks of December 2009. When judged against the lessons of the transition literature, the administration's success in formulating a coherent North Korea policy comes out reasonably well. The six months it took to complete assembling a full team was within normal bounds for a new administration. The appointment of a talented mix of loyalists, holdovers, worthies and all-stars to the North Korea team provided a variety of experience and perspectives and positioned the administration well for either engagement or increased pressure. US policy reflected the diverse experiences and outlooks of the North Korea team. If the Six-Party Talks resume, Obama's resolve to hold firm to his demands will be tested by the same problems that his recent predecessors confronted.
Human factors problem analysis of a voice-recognition computer-based medical record

A voice-recognition computer-based medical record system was purchased by a large urban emergency department (ED) to enable quicker dictation, clearer documentation, improved quality assurance, and decreased liability. However, the system was abandoned after being used briefly. We retrospectively analyzed this medical record system to determine reasons for its failure. The human factors problem analyses used were function/task analysis, job design and training analysis, and evaluation of the organizational context. Methods included on-site observations, interviews, and literature/documentation review. The system did not meet the needs and expectations of the ED physicians: the system required too much time to dictate a case; proficiency training was lengthy, yet minimal time was allotted or available: frustration with the vocabulary and preformatted template for entering patient data; a lack of computer skills and time needed to modify the templates and vocabulary; and occasional technical problems with voice recognition, leading to slower dictation. Flow chart analysis of the medical documentation process revealed the computer system was not integrated into existing patterns of work, and the task of documentation was interspersed among other more important physician tasks. Suboptimally, some physicians completed all their documentation at the end of their shift. Reports from other user sites and claims by the vendor about training and usability were usually more positive than the findings from this study. Recommendations include: reduced training time, a more malleable vocabulary and template, increased ease of modification, improved technical performance, and better integration into the overall flow of the ED documentation process. >
Sedimentological record of changing hydrodynamic conditions in the upper Tremadoc deposits of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland

In the upper Tremadoc, in the Kielce region of the Holy Cross Mountains, siltstones and fine-grained sandstones are interbedded with chalcedonites and claystones. The deposits were probably laid down when the late Tremadoc transgression reached its maximum. Storm currents influenced deposition at times while, during calm periods, sedimentation of chalcedonites, clayey cherts and clays took place. Weak bottom currents affected the deposition of siliceous layers. The deposits accumulated on a distal shelf.
Prediction of one year outcome after perinatal asphyxia † 945

Outcome after perinatal asphyxia can vary widely and most neonatal clinical parameters have failed to aid in predicting outcome. Neonatal MRI has been shown to correlate well with subsequent neurologic outcome but its usefulness has not been compared to neonatal variables. We now report data on neurologic outcome at one year in 36 term infants with perinatal asphyxia and evaluate the role of neonatal MRI and neonatal clinical parameters in predicting outcome. Design: Prospective cohort study of term infants with perinatal asphyxia. Methods: Obstetric and clinical neonatal information was assessed via chart review; neonatal seizures were graded according to severity (score 0-11). T2 first echo MRI abnormalities assessed in the first ten days of life were graded from 0 to 4. Neurologic outcome at one year, assessed by a child neurologist blinded to neonatal and radiological findings, was defined as normal or abnormal. Developmental outcome was assessed using Bayley Scales of Infant Development II. Results: Seventeen subjects were abnormal and 19 were normal at one year. First echo T2 MRI was the most significant predictor of abnormal neurologic outcome(p=.0002) and abnormal developmental outcome (p=.01). High seizure scores were also associated with abnormal neurologic (p=.02) and developmental (p=.04) outcome. All other obstetric and neonatal clinical variables (meconium stained amniotic fluid, mode of delivery, pH, BE, Apgar scores, head circumference) were not different between the two outcome groups. Conclusion: Standard MRI examination in the first days of life is the best predictor of neurodevelopmental impairment at one year of life. Severity of neonatal seizures was also predictive of abnormal outcome. Supported by 1P20NS32553 and MO1RRO1271
The melting of intercalant layers in C24Cs and C36Cs

Abstract We have investigated the detailed ordering of the cesium intercalant layers in single-crystal and pyrolytic forms of C 24 Cs and C 36 Cs using X-ray diffuse scattering techniques. A two-dimensional RDF analysis reveals that the Cs layer has a disordered triangular structure at 300 K with a 5.95A nearest-neighbor distance and is thus, on average, not registered with the graphite bounding layers. At 165 K the Cs atoms start to order into a uniform triangular lattice which is modulated by the graphite structure. Interlayer positional correlations start to appear at about this temperature but they are limited in range by stacking faults in the graphite host. A new transition to a mixed registered phase is observed at 50 K. The Cs layers in single crystals of C 24 Cs and C 36 Cs are found to exhibit three-dimensional long-range orientational order at all temperatures. Below 228 K a rotation of the Cs layers relative to the graphite 〈100〉 directions is observed with a mean-field-like temperature exponent. The rotation is interpreted in terms of the Novaco and McTague orientational epitaxy mechanism. Satellite reflections around each graphite reflection are attributed to static distortion wave effects arising from the incommensurability of the Cs layer. The orientational lock-in of the Cs layer at 228 K is probably related to a resistivity anomaly that has been observed recently in C 24 Cs at approximately this temperature.
A Multipurpose MRI Phantom Based on a Reverse Micelle Solution

Many chemical solutions for use in magnetic resonance imaging phantoms have been reported in the literature. Each of these solutions has its application-specific advantages and disadvantages. We propose a single reverse micelle phantom solution, which, although not a universal phantom solution, may find applications in testing of the radio frequency transmit and receive fields of an imaging coil, the homogeneity of the static magnetic field, and the suppression in a fat or water saturation imaging sequence. The solution is thermodynamically stable and biologically inert, it possesses a smaller standing wave artifact than water, and its overall spin lattice relaxation times may be adjusted.
3-D radiation modeling of nongray gases–particles mixture by two different numerical methods

Abstract A new methodology and code for 3-D radiation of nongray gases mixtures containing gray anisotropically scattering particles is developed. Radiative transfer equation (RTE) is solved by finite volume method (FVM) coupled with Smith’s weighted sum of gray gases model (WSGGM) with 5 gray gases, but any other gas radiative properties model can be incorporated. Evaluation of scattering phase function (SPF) and analysis of anisotropically scattering particles were performed by Mie Theory (MT). Missing benchmark, another new 3-D model and code, which solve same problems, based on a combination of Zone Method (ZM) and Monte Carlo method (MC) is developed. In this method the same WSGGM and MT, as in previous methodology, is incorporated. Physical and mathematical concepts of both models are presented. To author’s best knowledge these methodologies were not developed before. Series of predictions for the mixtures of real gases as carbon dioxide, water vapor and nitrogen containing various types of particles for non-uniform temperature field were performed by both methods in order to be compared. Agreement between the predictions of these two different numerical methods is very good. Model developed is sufficiently accurate and convenient for engineering calculations as well as for incorporation in computational fluid dynamics codes.
Synthesis and bacterial expression of a gene encoding the heme domain of assimilatory nitrate reductase

Abstract Assimilatory NADH:nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1), a complex Mo-pterin-, cytochrome b557-, and FAD-containing protein, catalyzes the regulated and rate-limiting step in the utilization of inorganic nitrogen by higher plants. A codon-optimized gene has been synthesized for expression of the central cytochrome b557-containing fragment, corresponding to residues A542–E658, of spinach assimilatory nitrate reductase. While expression of the full-length synthetic gene in Escherichia coli did not result in significant heme domain production, expression of a Y647 ∗ truncated form resulted in substantial heme domain production as evidenced by the generation of “pink” cells. The histidine-tagged heme domain was purified to homogeneity using a combination of NTA-agarose and size-exclusion FPLC, resulting in a single protein band following SDS–PAGE analysis with a molecular mass of approximately 13 kDa. MALDI–TOF mass spectrometry yielded an m/z ratio of 12,435 and confirmed the presence of the heme prosthetic group (m/z=622) while cofactor analysis indicated a 1:1 heme to protein stoichiometry. The oxidized heme domain exhibited spectroscopic properties typical of a b-type cytochrome with a visible Soret maximum at 413 nm together with epr g-values of 2.98, 2.26, and 1.49, consistent with low-spin bis-histidyl coordination. Oxidation–reduction titrations of the heme domain indicated a standard midpoint potential (Eo′) of −118 mV. The isolated heme domain formed a 1:1 complex with cytochrome c with a KA of 7 μM (μ=0.007) and reconsituted NADH:cytochrome c reductase activity in the presence of a recombinant form of the spinach nitrate reductase flavin domain, yielding a kcat of 1.4 s−1 and a K m app for cytochrome c of 9 μM. These results indicate the efficient expression of a recombinant form of the heme domain of spinach nitrate reductase that retained the spectroscopic and thermodynamic properties characteristic of the corresponding domain in the native spinach enzyme.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF SPERMIOGENESIS IN A FIRE-BRAT INSECT, THERMOBIA DOMESTICA PACK : I. Mature Spermatozoon

The fine structure of the mature spermatozoon of the insect Thermobia domestica has been investigated. This flagellate spermatozoon is unique with respect to the relative positions of the centriole, nucleus, mitochondrial nebenkern derivatives, and acrosome along the length of the cell. The acrosome lies at the posterior end of the nucleus. Unlike spermatozoa of most animals, the Thermobia spermatozoon has a nucleus that reveals an unusual lamellar pattern of the material inside of it. This flagellate spermatozoon is also unusual in its tendency to intertwine with other spermatozoa, and during movement the intertwined portion of two (double) spermatozoa is always directed forwards. In the axial filament complex, one of the fibrils of each peripheral double fibril bears a hook-shaped process. An indistinct granular material is seen between the 9 outer coarse fibers. Cytoplasmic tubules, probably corresponding to the "microtubules" of other investigators (67), have been observed around the nucleus, mitochondrial nebenkern derivatives, axial filament complex, and acrosome. A description is given of a complex membrane system which surrounds and separates the main organelles of the cell from each other.
PICS: a performance-analysis-based introspective control system to steer parallel applications

Parallel programming has always been difficult due to the complexity of hardware and the diversity of applications. Although significant progress has been achieved with the remarkable efforts of researchers in academia and industry, attaining high parallel efficiency on large supercomputers with millions of cores for various applications remains challenging. Therefore, performance tuning has become even more important and challenging than ever before. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of PICS: Performance-analysis-based Introspective Control System, which is used to tune parallel programs. PICS provides a generic set of abstractions to the applications to expose the application-specific knowledge to the runtime system. The abstractions are called control points, which are tunable parameters affecting application performance. The application behaviors are observed, measured and automatically analyzed by the PICS. Based on the analysis results and expert knowledge rules, program characteristics are extracted to assist the search for optimal configurations of the control points. We have implemented the PICS control system in Charm++, an asynchronous message-driven parallel programming model. We demonstrate the utility of PICS with several benchmarks and a real-world application and show its effectiveness.
High rates of periodic leg movements of sleep in REM-sleep behavior disorder raise more questions about the relationship between sleep-related movement disorders

Abstract Objectives : Assess prevalence of periodic leg movements (PLMs) of sleep and the association of heart rate changes to these leg movements, in patients with REM behavior disorder (RBD) compared to patients with the restless legs syndrome (RLS). Study design : Case series. Study population : Forty consecutive patients with RBD and 15 patients with RLS. Methods : Polysomnography was performed in patients with RBD (without RLS) and a (presumably) historical age and gender-matched group with primary RLS. Of the 28 RBD patients with a PLM index greater than 10/h, 15 were randomly selected for further analysis of leg movement characteristics and consequences, and again compared to the RLS group. No patients in either group were taking medications known to affect sleep. Scoring of REM was performed without the EMG channel. Fifty leg movements from Stage II sleep were randomly selected for each patient. Change in heart rate from baseline for the 10 beats before, and 15 beats after, each leg movement onset was determined, and averaged within groups. Results : Seventy percent of patients with RBD had a PLM index greater than 10/h. Mean PLM index was no different between the RBD and RLS groups for wake or non-REM, though it was higher for the RBD group during REM sleep. Cardiac acceleration following PLM onset in the RBD group was over twice that seen in the RLS group, even though a smaller percentage of leg movements was associated with cortical arousal in those with RBD. Conclusions : PLM indices are the same in RBD and RLS, further supporting the dopaminergic hypothesis for generation or control of periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS). PLMS are more common in RBD during REM sleep than observed in RLS. Reduced autonomic activation associated with leg movements in RBD may be related to idiopathic RBD or to a neurodegenerative disorder underlying the RBD. Similarly, the lack of cortical arousal seen with PLMS in RBD may indicate dysregulation of centers responsible for coordinating autonomic and cerebral activity during sleep.
Cast Awayand the Contradictions of Product Placement

Abstract This essay looks at implications of product placement in Cast Away, the 2000 film in which Tom Hanks plays a Federal Express executive who is stranded on a desert island before making his way back home. It argues that Cast Awayis a particularly valuable case study because of the conflict between its relentless product placement and its dark vision of contemporary global capitalism. The article investigates four aspects of global capitalism addressed by Cast Away: the compression of time, the compression of space, the rising influence of multinational corporations, and the dominance of consumer culture.
Gamma radiation from63Zn

In the decay of 38 min63Zn γ-rays are emitted with the following energies: 0.67, 0.96, 1.44, (2.0?), 2.35, 2.55 and 2.75 MeV. There is no 0.29 MeV transition. The 0.67 and 0.96 MeV γ-rays are only strongly coincident with the annihilation radiation, not with each other. The results of the measurement are collected in Table I.
Production of Organic Oxygenates in the Partial Oxidation of Methane in a Silent Electric Discharge Reactor

This study on the partial oxidation of methane in a silent electric discharge uses an annular reactor consisting of two metal electrodes separated by a gas gap and a glass dielectric covering the outer surface of the inner electrode. The reactor operates at 7000 V and 26−178 W of AC power. The frequency ranges from 100 to 200 Hz. The organic liquid oxygenates formed from the partial oxidation of methane are principally methanol, formaldehyde, methyl formate, and formic acid. This study showed that, when the oxygen partial pressure became limited in the reaction zone, the energy efficiency of the system significantly decreased. It was also shown that, with a recycle, as opposed to without, the selectivity for organic liquids was enhanced by 12%, whereas the COx selectivity decreased by 19% because the recycle had a short per-pass residence time with removal of organic liquid oxygenate products via a condenser. Finally, experimental simulations of reactors in series with intermediate oxygen additions obtain...
A toy model for the nonlinear optical response of molecules with modulated conjugation

In organic molecules, the optical response originates from the motion of the pi-electrons, which are constrained to move along the molecule’s conjugated path. As an electron moves through the conjugated path, it interacts with the rest of the charges such that its motion is very dependent on the shape of the molecule. In this paper we introduce a simple model for that allows us to determine how the shape of the conjugated path affects the nonlinear optical response of the molecule. Our results apply to typical second-order dipolar structures: we have determined how the symmetry of the conjugated path affects the optical response, and we have found potential new strategies for making better molecules.
Cell tracking using particle filters with implicit convex shape model in 4D confocal microscopy images

Bayesian frameworks are commonly used in tracking algorithms. An important example is the particle filter, where a stochastic motion model describes the evolution of the state, and the observation model relates the noisy measurements to the state. Particle filters have been used to track the lineage of cells. Propagating the shape model of the cell through the particle filter is beneficial for tracking. We approximate arbitrary shapes of cells with a novel implicit convex function. The importance sampling step of the particle filter is defined using the cost associated with fitting our implicit convex shape model to the observations. Our technique is capable of tracking the lineage of cells for nonmitotic stages. We validate our algorithm by tracking the lineage of retinal and lens cells in zebrafish embryos.
Associated Adults: Prospective Person Memory for Family Abducted Children

In family abductions, authorities sometimes release pictures of both missing children and associated adults. The effectiveness of this approach was tested in a prospective person memory experiment. Participants studied mock missing child posters including a picture of a child, a picture of a child alongside a picture of the correct adult, or a picture of a child alongside a picture of the incorrect adult. Participants then saw pictures of child/adult pairs with instructions to make a response to ‘alert authorities’ if the target individuals were seen. Including the picture of the correct adult on the poster, significantly improved recognition relative to the other two conditions. There was no significant effect of including the picture of the incorrect associated adult.
Self-limiting diamond growth from alternating CFx and H fluxes

Abstract Self-limiting deposition (also known as atomic layer epitaxy) of diamond could provide a means for deposition of uniformly-thick films on non-planar substrates at moderate substrate temperatures, with potential applications ranging from cutting tools to microelectronics. We have deposited diamond films on Mo substrates using alternating fluxes of CFx radicals and atomic hydrogen in a quartz-tube hot-filament reactor, observing deposition kinetics that are suggestive of atomic layer epitaxy in certain respects. The CFx radicals, most likely CF3, were generated by reaction of filament-generated atomic hydrogen with an excess of CF4. Under suitable reaction conditions, the growth rate was independent of CF4 duty cycle (CF4/H2 flow ratio) and equalled roughly one monolayer per cycle, indicating that the surface reached a self-limiting state. However, the growth rate showed a residual temperature dependence and displayed a sublinear dependence on cycle frequency, indicating that the nature of the self-limiting state (e.g. surface F coverage) is temperature- and time-scale-dependent. Implications of the present results are discussed along with a proposed mechanism.