cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic coordinated control laws in multiple agent models

We present an active control scheme of a kinetic model of swarming. It has been shown previously that the global control scheme for the model, presented in [Systems Control Lett. 52 (2004) 25], gives rise to spontaneous collective organization of agents into a unified coherent swarm, via steering controls and utilizing long-range attractive and short-range repulsive interactions. We extend these results by presenting control laws whereby a single swarm is broken into independently functioning subswarm clusters. The transition between one coordinated swarm and multiple clustered subswarms is managed simply with a homotopy parameter. Additionally, we present as an alternate formulation, a local control law for the same model, which implements dynamic barrier avoidance behavior, and in which swarm coherence emerges spontaneously.
The Role of Interface Stress for Nanoparticles Embedded in Films

We investigate the effect of interface stress on nanoparticles embedded in films, within the framework of continuum and interface elasticity. The study is motivated by the idea that elastic interactions among three-dimensional strained nanoparticles can lead to size and spatial uniformity of islands, during the growth of multilayered superlattices. This presents a promising avenue in the quest of constructing self-organized nanostructures. Islands, adatom-clusters, and quantum dots can be modeled as inhomogeneities embedded in a heterogeneous film substrate. While the film (bulk) is modeled as linearly elastic and isotropic, interfaces are treated according to Gurtin's theory of linear interface elasticity. In order to illustrate the role of a mechanical load, the system is subjected to uniaxial tension, applied at the remote boundary of the substrate. The displacement potentials methodology, i.e. Papkovitch-Neuber, Boussinesq, and Dougall potentials, coupled with interface elasticity yield an analytical solution. The elastic field is expressed in terms of several sets of spherical and cylindrical harmonics. The study illustrates clearly that interface elasticity introduces a size-effect. In addition, local stresses are significantly affected by the size and position of the nanoparticles.
Critical review of low-salinity waterflooding

Abstract It was observed that higher oil recovery could be obtained when low-salinity (LS) water flooded a core of high-salinity initial water about 15 years ago. Such low-salinity waterflooding benefit or effect has drawn the oil industry attention since then. In the recent years, many researchers conducted laboratory corefloods, and several companies carried field tests. The objectives of these efforts were (1) to conform the benefits and (2) find the mechanisms of such benefit. Although most of the results confirmed the positive effect, some results showed no benefit. Many mechanisms have been proposed, but there is no consensus of the dominant mechanism(s). The oil industry is continuing the effort to discover the effect. This paper is to provide a critical review of the results and to summarize the achievements of the industry׳s effort. This paper aims to provide the status of the art. The information provided in this paper hopefully will help to speed up our further efforts to explore this effect. The following contents are reviewed: (1) history of low-salinity waterflooding; (2) laboratory observations; (3) field observations; (4) working conditions of low-salinity effect; (5) mechanisms of low-salinity waterflooding; and (6) simulation of low-salinity waterflooding. In this paper, the mechanisms proposed in the literature and their validity are discussed.
Systemic babesiosis. Another cause of the hemophagocytic syndrome

Hemophagocytosis is a pathologic finding in a variety of infectious diseases associated with peripheral pancytopenia. In addition, hemophagocytosis is a prominent finding in malignant histiocytosis, a primary disorder of the monocyte-macrophage system. Systemic babesiosis is a rare parasitic disorder associated with intraerythrocytic parasites in the peripheral blood. There has been no description of the marrow findings in this disorder. A patient is described who had systemic babesiosis and prominent hemophagocytosis that disappeared after appropriate antiparasitic therapy. Systemic babesiosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hemophagocytosis.
Crystallographic studies of casein kinase I δ: toward a structural understanding of auto‐inhibition

A recombinant form of mammalian casein kinase I δ (CKIδ) containing the catalytic domain and an auto-inhibitory domain was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and crystallized. X-ray data were collected to 2.4 A resolution, and the crystals belong to space group C2221. Molecular replacement using the structure of the catalytic domain of CKIδ yielded strong electron density for residues in the model, but no interpretable density was found for the inhibitory domain. A conserved intermolecular contact suggests the formation of dimers which would inhibit the activity of this protein kinase.
A behavioral program for disruptive junior high school students: Results and follow-up

The 5-year annual and 4-year follow-up results of a collaborative community mental health center-junior high school program for disruptive students are presented. The program is a comprehensive, behavioral, in-school, regular education project characterized by a token economy, parent contracting, major subjects taught in the morning, small class enrollment, small group and individualized instruction, an early release from school contingency option and frequent parent-school communications. Annual controlled outcome results revealed that the program led to significant and consistent reductions in expulsions, suspensions, and grade failure, and variable, often significant, gains in attendance and achievement. Follow-up findings indicated that former program students in senior high school achieved a significantly higher entry rate, greater attendance, better classroom conduct, and a lower frequency of withdrawal from school.
Big Brother has evolved

Tracking someone's movements can now be done cheaply and easily, and there are few restrictions on who can monitor whom, says Jerome E. Dobson.
Hypocholesterolemic effect of Al3+ complexes

Summary We are proposing a simple model by which acidic polysaccharides of the critical charge density 1 minus/1 carbohydrate unit can be converted into anion exchangers by complexing with a trivalent cation. We have constructed a complex of alginic acid and Al3+ which was shown to bind nucleotides. It was assumed that bile acids would also be bound and, thus, Al- alginate would be hypocholesterolemic in vivo . The feeding of Al- alginate to rats which were fed a high cholesterol diet produced a marked decrease of serum cholesterol. It is proposed that Al3+ may have a nutritional role if present in conjunction with acidic polysaccharides. Ternary complexes involving lipids may exist in many biological structures.
Impact of Layer Structure on Physical Stability and Lipase Digestibility of Lipid Droplets Coated by Biopolymer Nanolaminated Coatings

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the structure of nanolaminated biopolymer coatings surrounding lipid droplets on their physical stability and in vitro digestibility by pancreatic lipase. Caseinate (Ca) was used as an amphoteric emulsifier, pectin (P) was used as an anionic polyelectrolyte, and chitosan (C) was used as a cationic polyelectrolyte. The electrostatic layer-by-layer deposition approach was used to prepare multilayer emulsions containing lipid droplets coated by: (1) the same coating composition but different layer order (Ca–P–C and Ca–C–P); (2) the same outer layer but different coating compositions (e.g., Ca–P, Ca–P–C–P, and Ca–C–P). The stability of the emulsions to pH changes (3 to 7) depended strongly on the order of biopolymers within the nanolaminated coatings and on the nature of the outer coating. The lipid droplets in all of the multilayer emulsions were largely digested by lipase within 30 min when monitored using an in vitro digestion model (pH-Stat). This information could be useful for the rational design of delivery systems for lipophilic bioactive compounds that need to be encapsulated within foods but released in the human body.
Method of measuring human pulmonary capillary blood flow

Pulmonary capillary blood flow Qc was measured in resting adult subjects by a capacitancel nitrous-oxide-uptake method. A sensitive capacitance respirometer was used to determine changes in pulmonary gas volume. The amount of N2O absorbed from the lungs VN 2O was obtained by subtracting the slope representing the respiratory gas exchange during air breath holding with a closed glottis from the slope representing the volume change during breath holding following inhalation of a 20–80% mixture of O2 and N2O. Alveolar N2O concentrations before and after breath holding were analyzed by gas chromatography and pulmonary capillary blood flow calculated using Bornstein's modification of the Fick principle. This noninvasive method requires little subject training and minimises psychological influences while allowing Qc determinations at regular intervals with no discomfort to the patient. 120 Qc determinations were made on 12 normal subjects. These values were compared to predicted cardiac outputs based upon Fick and dye dilution techniques. The mean pulmonary capillary blood flow per square meter body surface area for the 12 individuals, ages 25–39, weighing 63·5 to 127 Kg, was 3·60±0·38 litres/min/m2.
Singular Perturbation Theory: A Viscous Flow out of Göttingen

This review describes how singular perturbation theory grew out of Prandtl's fluid dynamical boundary-layer theory of 1904. Developments were centered at Gottingen until 1933, when research spread worldwide. After that, singular perturbations developed more rapidly as the subject became centered within applied mathematics.
A novel wide voltage range bi-directional series resonant converter with clamped capacitor voltage

Bi-directional DC-DC converters become more and more important in the applications of future plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV's) charging stations and distributed renewable power generations as the interface with battery energy storage system. Maintaining high power efficiency in wide voltage range is required since the battery pack voltage varies a lot. Based on previous study, the series resonant converter with clamped capacitor voltage exhibits excellent characteristics in forward mode operation, such as high efficiency, high power density and fault current limiting capability; but very limited study has been performed for reverse mode operation. In this paper, the power stage design based on efficiency optimization for forward mode has been proposed to meet specifications of 750V input, 300V-600V/35kW output and 50kHz switching frequency. For reverse mode operation, the advanced control strategy with three phase-shift angles has been proposed, since simple phase-shift control cannot reverse power flow. The proposed control strategy is successfully verified by a 15kW prototype.
Prevention of capsular bag opacification with a new hydrophilic acrylic disk-shaped intraocular lens

Purpose To evaluate the stability and capsular bag opacification with a modified disk-shaped 1-piece hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) suspended between 2 complete haptic rings connected by a pillar of the haptic material and with a commercially available 1-piece hydrophilic acrylic IOL. Setting John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Design Experimental study. Methods Study and control IOLs were implanted into the left eyes and right eyes of 5 New Zealand rabbits. Eyes were examined at the slitlamp from 1 through 4 weeks. At 4 weeks, the globes were enucleated and evaluated under a very-high-frequency ultrasound. Photographs were taken and capsular bag opacification scored from the posterior aspect (Miyake-Apple view), and the eyes were processed for complete histopathology. Results At 4 weeks, the posterior capsule opacification score was 0.0 in the study group and 1.75 ± 0.5 (SD) in the control group ( P =.005, paired t test). Ultrasound examination showed that 2 of the study IOLs had no contact between the posterior optic surface and the posterior capsule. Minimal proliferative cortical material was confined to the peripheral space between anterior and posterior rings of the study IOL haptics in localized areas at the equatorial region of the capsular bag. Anterior capsule opacification was absent in all eyes. Conclusions The study IOL is a modification of a previous design, incorporating haptic perforations between the peripheral rings. By maintaining an open capsular bag and enhancing endocapsular inflow of aqueous, this modified design appears to prevent capsular bag opacification. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
The strategic use of innovation to influence regulatory standards

This paper investigates the welfare consequences of strategic behavior by firms to affect the amount of environmental regulation they face. Environmental regulation often attempts to force an industry to develop cleaner technology, but the regulator may have no means to commit to a specific standard. This lack of regulatory commitment induces firms to choose innovation strategically. It is well-known that firms have incentives to suppress innovation to induce the regulator to ratchet down the standard, and this strategic behavior lowers welfare. This paper explores a countervailing incentive. In oligopoly settings, firms have heightened incentives to innovate so as to increase regulation and raise rivals costs. In equilibrium, the incentive to raise rivals cost can mitigate the welfare loss arising from no regulatory commitment. Also, a regulator who is unable to commit ex ante to the stringency of a regulatory standard can induce more clean technology than a regulator with a commitment mechanism.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of α- and β-diversity across topographic gradients in the herbaceous layer of an old-growth deciduous forest

Understanding the factors that regulate biodiversity over spatial and temporal gradients is an important scientific objective with ramifications for theory and conservation. Species composition is known to vary across spatial gradients, but how this spatial variation is linked to temporal dynamics is less well studied. Our objective was to understand how Shannon (α) diversity, spatial species turnover (Bray–Curtis dissimilarity), and temporal species turnover (Bray–Curtis dissimilarity) varied with regard to three topographic gradients (aspect, slope and elevation) over one growing season. In April, June and August of 2011, the herbaceous layer was sampled in 320 1-m2 plots within Big Everidge Hollow, an old-growth forest in southeastern Kentucky. Multiple regression models revealed that Shannon diversity was linearly related to aspect (negative) and slope (positive), but unimodally related to elevation, indicating steep, mid-elevation, and south-facing plots were most diverse. Distance decay analysis showed that significant spatial species turnover occurred across all three topographic gradients, but aspect and elevation had a greater influence on compositional dissimilarity than slope. Mean temporal species turnover was significantly greater (p < 0.001) between April and June (0.39 ± 0.02 SE) than between June and August (0.20 ± 0.01). April-to-June turnover was related to aspect (linear) and elevation (quadratic; r2= 0.23, p < 0.0001), suggesting greater temporal species turnover occurred on north-facing and mid-elevation plots during this period; however, June-to-August turnover was weakly related to slope only (positive linear; r2= 0.08, p = 0.006). Environmental heterogeneity generated by topography is one of many factors that may constrain or promote biodiversity through space and across time, and a solid understanding of these spatiotemporal patterns of diversity can benefit both conservation and ecological theory.
Prevention and management of missing data during conduct of a clinical study.

This paper is the second in a 3-part series focusing on missing data. In a clinical study missing data can occur for various reasons, with or without any actual loss of study participants because of drop-outs. Poorly designed assessment schedules or use of inefficient data collection tools can result in missed visits or omissions of questions and, thus, missing data. Some simple adjustments in the assessment schedule or minor modifications in the data collection tools can reduce these types of problems and, at the same time, reduce participants' burden and inconvenience. If implemented properly, an efficient missing data monitoring system can retrospectively salvage the majority of the missing data items except those that are the result of the drop-out of participants. The effectiveness of such a monitoring system depends on how quickly the missing data items are identified and how promptly participating site personnel are notified of the need to provide missing information.
Low distortion welded joints for NCSX

The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) required precise positioning of the field coils in order to generate suitable magnetic fields. A set of three modular field coils were assembled to form the Half Field-Period Assemblies (HPA). Final assembly of the HPA required a welded shear plate to join individual coils in the nose region due to the geometric limitations and the strength constraints. Each of the modular coil windings was wound on a stainless steel alloy (Stellalloy) casting. The alloy is similar to austenitic 316 stainless steel. During the initial welding trials, severe distortion, of approximately 1/16″, was observed in the joint caused by weld shrinkage. The distortion was well outside the requirements of the design. Solutions were attempted through several simultaneous routes. The joint design was modified, welding processes were changed, and specialized heat reduction techniques were utilized. A final joint design was selected to reduce the amount of weld material needed to be deposited, while maintaining adequate penetration and strength. Several welding processes and techniques using Miller Axcess equipment were utilized that significantly reduced heat input. The final assembly of the HPA was successful. Distortion was controlled to 0.012″, well within the acceptable design tolerance range of 0.020″ over a 3.5 foot length.
Performance of single-tone and two-tone frequency-shift keying for ultrawideband

By using impulsive frequency-shift keying (FSK) with vanishingly small duty cycle, capacity can be achieved in the limit of infinite bandwidth in wideband systems that decorrelate in time and frequency. With limits on bandwidth and peak power, impulsive FSK schemes with small duty cycle can still achieve rates of the order of capacity in ultrawideband systems. We compare performance of a single tone and two-tone FSK schemes. Our results indicate that two-tone FSK can be applicable at lower bandwidth with almost no detriment in the error exponent.
Cervical epidural analgesia for management of pain associated with digital vasculitis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis.

Background and Objectives Cutaneous vasculitis is a devastating extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis. The potential consequences of digital vasculitis are necrosis, ischemia, infarction, and eventually gangrene. Methods A 54-year-old woman with a long history of rheumatoid arthritis developed an acute onset of severe diffuse occlusive cutaneous vasculitis beyond the head of the metacarpals (documented by angiogram). Despite treatment with high-dose prednisone and Cytoxan, her symptoms were poorly controlled. Cervical sympatholysis via continuous epidural infusion of bupivacaine was then initiated to manage her pain as well as to treat the vasoconstrictive sequelae of the cutaneous vasculitis. Results The cervical epidural infusion relieved the pain and produced significant resolution of the symptoms. Conclusions This case highlights the rational use of continuous cervical epidural block for the management of pain and improvement in blood flow to vasoconstricted upper extremities and digits resulting from vasculitis due to rheumatoid vasculitis.
The Right Not to Be a Genetic Parent

Should the law recognize an individual's right not to be a genetic parent when genetic parenthood does not carry with it legal or gestational parenthood? If so, should we allow individuals to waive that right in advance, either by contract or a less formal means? How should the law's treatment of gestational and legal parenthood inform these questions? Developments in reproductive technology have brought these questions to the fore, most prominently in the preembryo disposition cases a number of courts have confronted - disputes over the use of stored frozen preembryos that couples have fertilized in the course of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) - but other examples abound.In this Article, I argue that in analyzing these cases it is essential to unbundle the possible rights not to be a genetic, gestational, and legal parent, and to recognize that the three rights do not stand and fall together. I show that we cannot move from the discourse surrounding the rights not to be a gestational and legal parent to a justification for a right not to be a genetic parent. Instead, I argue that the normative mooring of the right not to be a genetic parent is best understood as a way of protecting individuals from what I call "attributional parenthood," a harm that stems from the social assignment of the status of parent to the provider of genetic material that persists notwithstanding the fact that the legal system has declared him or her a non-parent.Using this framework, I argue for the recognition of the right not to be a genetic parent. However, I reject the claim, common among courts and commentators, that this right should not be capable of advance waiver. I instead conclude that we should permit advance waiver of the right through contract, with several interventions aimed at improving contractual consent. In preembryo disposition disputes where the parties have not contracted, I argue for a general default rule of non-use, perhaps with a sub-rule permitting use when non-use would mean the impossibility of one party ever having any genetic children.
Monitoring Pulmonary Function in Asthma and COPD: Point-of-Care Testing

OBJECTIVE:To provide pharmacists and other healthcare providers with a better understanding of new monitoring technologies for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) available to clinics and pharmacies.DATA SOURCES:Forty scientific articles were identified through a MEDLINE search (1990–June 2003), additional references listed in articles, and abstracts from scientific meetings.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:English-language literature of controlled human clinical studies was reviewed to evaluate the accuracy, reliability, validity, and response of the new monitoring technologies.DATA SYNTHESIS:The In-Check DIAL is a pulmonary airflow meter that identifies the most appropriate inhaler for a patient and is useful in determining how efficiently patients use their inhalers. Electronic peak flow meters such as the AirWatch, VMX Wright Mini-Log, PiKo-1, and electronic asthma monitor store and download multiple pulmonary function test (PFT) readings to a personal computer, allowing easy id...
Influence of diaphragm opening time on shock-tube flows

Shock waves generated in a shock tube by use of hydrogen or helium as a driver gas and air, nitrogen, oxygen or argon as a driven gas have higher velocities than predicted by simple theory when sufficiently large diaphragm pressure ratios are used. Expected shock-tube performance curves have been constructed using the equilibrium Hugoniot for the driven gas, both for the usual model of shock tube flow, which assumes instantaneous diaphragm removal, and for a suggested model based on a finite rupture time for the diaphragm. Agreement between experiment and the latter model is in general good, and the differences are qualitatively accounted for by the pressure waves expected to result from mixing between driver and driven gases at the contact surface. These waves may be either compression or expansion waves, depending on the relative heat capacities of the two gases. The maximum shock strength observed as a shock goes down the tube was found to occur at a distance from the diaphragm which increases with the shock strength, and the strongest shocks were found to be still accelerating at the end of a 42 ft. long shock tube of 3 1/2 in. square cross-section. Diaphragm breaking time has been measured and found to be consistent with the observations on the shock formation distance.
Quantification and localization of expression of the retinoic acid receptor‐β and ‐γ mRNA isoforms during neurulation in mouse embryos with or without spina bifida

BACKGROUND Previous studies observed that retinoic acid receptor-gamma (RARgamma) is expressed in the open caudal neuroepithelium but that RARbeta is expressed in the closed neural tube. Furthermore, retinoic acid (RA) induces RARbeta expression, a molecular event associated with neural tube closure, but treatment with RA at the appropriate gestation time causes failure of neural tube closure. Since there are four isoforms of RARbeta, perhaps the isoforms expressed in the closed neural tube and induced by RA are different. To investigate the hypothesis that the switch from RARgamma to RARbeta is mechanistically linked to neural tube closure, this study determined the concentrations and distributions of RARbeta and RARgamma isoforms in mouse embryos with RA-induced neural tube defects and in splotch (Sp) mutant embryos with spina bifida. METHODS Absolute concentrations of RARbeta and RARgamma isoforms were determined throughout primary neurulation (gestational day 8.5-10.0) in treated or untreated C57BL/6J mouse whole embryos by ribonuclease protection analysis. Treatment consisted of an oral dose of 100 mg/kg of all-trans-RA on gestational day 8.5. Spatial distributions of RARbeta and RARgamma were examined in RA-treated and Sp mutant embryos by in situ hybridization. RESULTS RARbeta2, gamma1, and gamma2 were expressed in untreated embryos and were induced 4.5-, 1.6-, and 4.0-fold, respectively, 4 hr after treatment with RA. In embryos with RA-induced spina bifida, RARbeta2 was expressed in the closed neural tube while RARgamma1 and RARgamma2 were expressed in the open caudal neuroepithelium. In splotch mice with spina bifida, the boundary between RARbeta and RARgamma did not correspond to the site of neural tube closure. CONCLUSIONS In RA-treated embryos, the relationship between RARbeta expression in the closed and RARgamma in the open caudal neuroepithelium was not altered. However, in splotch embryos with spina bifida, the juncture between RARbeta and RARgamma expression remained in the same anatomical position in the neuroepithelium irrespective of the neural tube closure status and suggests that the switch from RARgamma to RARbeta expression in the closing caudal neuroepithelium may not be causally linked to neural tube closure in the splotch mutant.
Bifurcation to an entire function

In this paper we will consider a bifurcation that occurs in the topology of the Julia set of meromorphic maps as they become entire. For some meromorphic maps the Julia set will be a Cantor set. We will investigate how the Julia set changes as these meromorphic maps approach the entire function whose Julia set is a Cantor bouquet. Other meromorphic maps have a Julia set that is a Jordan curve. Again we will study how this curve changes as these meromorphic maps approach the entire function whose Julia set is a Cantor bouquet.
Cognitive Personality Characteristics Impact the Course of Depression: A Prospective Test of Sociotropy, Autonomy and Domain-Specific Life Events

Prospective tests of the impact of sociotropy and autonomy on the course of depression are lacking. In a sample of 97 cognitive high-risk and 62 cognitive low-risk undergraduates who experienced at least one prospective depressive episode, the interactions of sociotropy and interpersonal life events and autonomy and achievement-related life events were examined as predictors of four indicators of the course of depression. Initial analyses failed to support the hypothesis that global scores for sociotropy and autonomy interact with domain-congruent life events to predict the course indicators. The autonomy-achievement events interaction predicted less severe episodes, contrary to hypothesis. Then, factors hypothesized to underlie Sociotropy (Fear of Criticism and Rejection; Preference for Affiliation) and Autonomy (Independent Goal Attainment; Sensitivity to Others’ Control; Bieling et al., Cognitive Ther Res 24:763–780, 2000) were also analyzed. The puzzling autonomy-achievement life event interaction was explained by the underlying Independent Goal Attainment factor. Interactions between Fear of Criticism and Rejection and achievement events, and between Sensitivity to Others’ Control and interpersonal events, significantly predicted chronicity, number and severity of episodes. The findings are discussed in terms of the event-congruency hypothesis.
Brain-reactive antibodies and disease.

Autoimmune diseases currently affect 5–7% of the world's population; in most diseases there are circulating autoantibodies. Brain-reactive antibodies are present in approximately 2–3% of the general population but do not usually contribute to brain pathology. These antibodies penetrate brain tissue only early in development or under pathologic conditions. This restriction on their pathogenicity and the lack of correlation between serum titers and brain pathology have, no doubt, contributed to a delayed appreciation of the contribution of autoantibodies in diseases of the central nervous system. Nonetheless, it is increasingly clear that antibodies can cause damage in the brain and likely initiate or aggravate multiple neurologic conditions; brain-reactive antibodies contribute to symptomatology in autoimmune disease, infectious disease, and malignancy.
Low-loss, high-repetition-rate vacuum switching

The theory and design of a trigatron-configuration vacuum switch are presented. When operated with a series saturable inductor element it functions effectively as a high-repetition-rate closing switch for pulsed power applications. This switch configuration allows one to fully exploit the advantages inherent to a vacuum switch, such as high voltage standoff, wide triggering range, potentially fast recovery, and high repetition rate, while circumventing the disadvantages, namely, poor turn-on performance, large jitter, high-power dissipation, and inconsistent recovery performance. The resulting hybrid switch is capable of high-performance, high-repetition-rate operation. A device of this type has successfully switched multikiloampere current pulses of submicrosecond duration at voltages greater than 40 kV. Compared to an unassisted triggered vacuum gap, a better current risetime was obtained, power dissipation was reduced by 90%, pulse reproducibility was better, a more uniform conduction channel was achieved, microparticle ejection was eliminated, and electrode erosion was significantly reduced. The switch has been operated at pulse repetition rates in excess of 10 kpps. >
Indolent intracranial mucormycosis: case report

We present a patient with isolated intracranial mucormycosis that remained indolent for several months. The mucormycosis formed a mass in the prepontine cistern, probably spreading from the sphenoid sinus. We propose that at least some cases of what is considered isolated CNS mucormycosis develop from such unrecognized indolent infections. Mucormycosis may present as a mass in the basilar cisterns, especially in immunocompromised patients.
Estimating unit costs in a co-generation plant using least squares

A method for establishing unit costs of delivered steam and electrical energy is presented. This method employs the use of least squares, based on a linear model of electrical energy generation and delivered steam as functions of generated boiler steam. The model is based on a plant design that allows steam to be extracted from between stages of the generating turbines at a reduced pressure to be used to serve heating loads. Alternatively, the steam can be run through lower pressure stages in the turbine to generate additional electrical power, and be exhausted at a vacuum, as dictated by external steam and electrical demand. A discussion of the accuracy of the method is presented as well as an example of the use of the method using two years of actual plant production.
Effects of a Large Kansas Reservoir on Downstream Groundwater Quality

ABSTRACT Several water quality parameters, including inorganic nitrogens and phosphorus, were measured in groundwater from the Republican River aquifer above and below Milford Reservoir, Kansas. Ammonia and total phosphorus concentrations were considerably higher (>50%) in groundwater from the pressure relief wells along the toe of Milford Reservoir dam than from well water sampled upstream of the lake. However, the concentration of these compounds decreased to near upstream levels within 1.2 km downstream of the dam. Within the array of pressure relief wells, the concentration of ammonia was greatest in water from wells near the center of the dam. Conductivity, hardness, and alkalinity were lower, and pH was higher, in groundwater below Milford Reservoir than above it. The ratio of ammonia to total inorganic nitrogen in elutriates from Milford Reservoir sediments and water from the pressure relief wells was similar. These results suggest that water seeping out of reservoirs into underlying alluvial aquif...
Consciousness: here, there and everywhere?

The science of consciousness has made great strides by focusing on the behavioural and neuronal correlates of experience. However, while such correlates are important for progress to occur, they ar...
Accountability and the Drift Towards 'Fair Value Measurement'

Accountants measure and adjust. Their adjustments provide a prospective diagnosis of the financial condition of an organization. The diagnostic model increasingly includes adjustments to fair value measurement. This drift towards fair value measurement is indicative of a growing gap between the measures accountants take on concrete economic processes and the GAAP amounts reported in financial statements. Organizational accountability arises in its accounting of economic processes. Consequently, the connectivity of disclosed amounts to the measures of economic processes is important. This paper discusses a means of disclosing that connectivity.
Management of Anticoagulants in the Periprocedural Period for Patients With Cancer

Patients with cancer undergo surgeries and procedures for various purposes, including prophylaxis, diagnosis, staging, cure, debulking, palliation, and reconstruction. The diagnosis of cancer itself, along with the well-established complication of venous thromboembolism (VTE), places these patients at risk for perioperative thromboembolism. It is also well-established that continuing patients on oral anticoagulation therapy during the periprocedural period is associated with an increased risk of bleeding. Rates of periprocedural VTE and major bleeding are significantly higher in patients with cancer, presenting a complex problem for clinicians in terms of periprocedural anticoagulation management. This article reviews the current recommendations regarding periprocedural anticoagulation management in patients with cancer.
Modeling deception in information security as a hypergame: a primer

Hypergames are a branch of game theory to model and analyze game theoretic conflicts between multiple players who may have misconceptions of other player's actions, preferences, and/or knowledge. They have been used to model military conflicts such as the Allied invasion of Normandy in 1945, the fall of France in WWII, the Cuban missile crisis, and etc. Unlike traditional game theory models, hypergames give us the ability to model misperception that results from the use of deception, mimicry, and misinformation. There is little work that analyzes the use of deception as a strategic defensive mechanism in computing systems. This poster will present a hypergame model to analyze computer security conflicts. We discuss how can hypergames be used to model the interaction between adversaries and system defender. We discuss a specific example where we modele the interaction between adversaries, who wish to steal some confidential data from an enterprise, and security administrators, who protect the system. We show the advantages of incorporating deception as a defenses mechanism as part of the hypergame model.
Fourier Ptychography for Brightfield, Phase, Darkfield, Reflective, Multi-Slice, and Fluorescence Imaging

Fourier ptychography (FP) is a recently developed computational framework for high-resolution multimodal imaging. In a coherent imaging setting, FP illuminates the sample with angle-varied plane waves and captures the corresponding intensity images. The captured intensity data are then iteratively synthesized in the Fourier space to recover a widefield, high-resolution complex sample image that bypasses the frequency limit of the employed objective lens. The recovery process of FP can also be extended to incoherent imaging settings where non-uniform intensity patterns are projected on the sample and the captured data are used for image reconstruction. In this paper, we will review the progress of the FP technique and discuss different implementations including LED-array illumination, liquid-crystal-display modulation, aperture-scanning approach, lensless synthetic aperture implementation, and incoherent-imaging implementation. We will also review different imaging modalities using FP and report the new developments of darkfield and epi-illuminated imaging modalities.
Some Normal Values of Peripheral Blood in the Vampire Bat

Data derived from study of peripheral blood samples of adult captive vampire bats, Desmodus rotundus , are here presented in order to provide some standard values for the blood of this important species; these include total red and white cell counts, differential white cell count, hematocrit and hemoglobin values. The red cell values are high as in other bats, and the total white cell population is characteristically low, being only 30%, however, of the value previously reported for the vampire. Hematocrit and hemoglobin values are higher than in mammals generally (related to the high red cell value) but approximate values reported in other bat species.
SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF SINGLE PHASE SHUNT ACTIVE POWER FILTER

Because the active power filter can overcome such demerits of passive power filters as fixed compensation, large size and resonance, it is regarded as one of the equip- ment which can effectively improve power quality. From the viewpoint of practical application of active power filters, the authors perform simulation and analysis of active power filter in the following three aspects: the variation of system impedance, the startup of active power filter and the abrupt change of load current. Through the simulation and analysis of single phase shunt active power filter presented in this pa- per, the following results are obtained. (1) It has good ability to cope with the variation of system impedance, i. e., the harmonic compensation capability of the active power filter is insensitive to the system impedance. (2) The over current is bearable during the startup of the shunt active power filter. (3) The improved DC voltage PI regulation plays a good role in maintaining the voltage across the capacitor at DC side of the inverter with in a specified range. The improved dc volt- age PI controller displays better effect during the abrupt change of the load current. The obtained results are available for reference in designing active power filters.
All Roads Lead to Rome: Phenotypic Channeling to Uniform Differentiation Structures from Diverse Leukemia Genotypes by Mass Cytometry

Emerging single-cell technologies have been pivotal in uncovering an extensive degree of heterogeneity between and within tissues (1). Analysis of single-cell data has shed light on many different cellular processes (2-7) and recent technological advances have enabled the study of a large number of parameters in single cells at unparalleled resolution. One such technology, mass cytometry (8), can measure up to 45 parameters simultaneously in tens of thousands of individual cells. Using mass cytometry and genomic sequencing of conventionally sorted subpopulations show that acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in a given patient can simultaneously occupy multiple stages of differentiation. Occupation of these stages was correlated with the presence, or absence, of unique exonic mutation fingerprints. In another cancer, B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), outgrowth of tumor at pro and pre-B cell stages was nearly always uniquely at a single stage - contrary to the results in AML. This suggests that evolutionary “niche” searching is not only for physical space in cancers, but also involves utilization of differentiation machinery as an additional elaboration mechanism. Each differentiation stage in both AML and B-cell ALL was characterized by utilization of cognate signaling networks which showed differential susceptibility to drug action. Using such deep profiling and signaling delineation approaches at the single-cell level will allow for fine structured indexing of patient disease and further tailoring of disease management. In addition, it will allow “heterogeneous” tumors to be organized by a maturation index associated with a granular catalog of mutations that drive cells to occupy these pseudo-differentiation niches. 1. Bendall, S.C., et al., A deep profiler's guide to cytometry . Trends Immunol , 2012. 33(7): p. 323-32. 2. Petilla Interneuron Nomenclature Group, et al., Petilla terminology: nomenclature of features of GABAergic interneurons of the cerebral cortex . Nat Rev Neurosci , 2008. 9(7): p. 557-68. 3. Irish, J.M., et al., Single cell profiling of potentiated phospho-protein networks in cancer cells . Cell, 2004. 118(2): p. 217-28. 4. Sachs, K., et al., Causal protein-signaling networks derived from multiparameter single-cell data . Science , 2005. 308(5721): p. 523-9. 5. Majeti, R., C.Y. Park, and I.L. Weissman, Identification of a hierarchy of multipotent hematopoietic progenitors in human cord blood. Cell Stem Cell , 2007. 1(6): p. 635-45. 6. Tarnok, A., H. Ulrich, and J. Bocsi, Phenotypes of stem cells from diverse origin . Cytometry A , 2010. 77(1): p. 6-10. 7. O'Brien, C.A., A. Kreso, and J.E. Dick, Cancer stem cells in solid tumors: an overview . Semin Radiat Oncol , 2009. 19(2): p. 71-7. 8. Bandura, D.R., et al., Mass cytometry: technique for real time single cell multitarget immunoassay based on inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Chem , 2009. 81(16): p. 6813-22. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Juvenile Court and Contemporary Diversion: Helpful, Harmful, or Both?

Research Summary The juvenile court was established to help children through the use of punishment and rehabilitation and, in so doing, “save” them from a life of crime and disadvantage. Diversion programs and policies emerged in the 1970s as one way to achieve this goal. Despite concerns about its potential harm, diversion became increasingly popular in subsequent decades. We examine the logic of a prominent contemporary diversion effort, civil citation, to illuminate tensions inherent to traditional and contemporary diversion. We then review extant evidence on traditional diversion efforts, examine civil citation laws, and identify the salience of both traditional and contemporary, police-centered diversion efforts for youth and the juvenile court. The analysis highlights that diversion may help children but that it also may harm them. It highlights that the risk of net-widening for the police and the court is considerable. And it highlights the importance of, and need for, research on the use and effects of diversion and the conditions under which it may produce benefits and avoid harms. Policy Implications This article recommends a more tempered embrace of diversion and a fuller embrace of research-guided efforts to achieve the juvenile court's ideals. Diversion may be effective under certain conditions, but these conditions need to be identified and then met.
Creating Integrated Evidence Graphs for Network Forensics

Probabilistic evidence graphs can be used to model network intrusion evidence and the underlying dependencies to support network forensic analysis. The graphs provide a means for linking the probabilities associated with different attack paths with the available evidence. However, current work focused on evidence graphs assumes that all the available evidence can be expressed using a single, small evidence graph. This paper presents an algorithm for merging evidence graphs with or without a corresponding attack graph. The application of the algorithm to a file server and database server attack scenario yields an integrated evidence graph that shows the global scope of the attack. The global graph provides a broader context and better understandability than multiple local evidence graphs.
Small Joint Arthroscopy in the Foot

Arthroscopy has advanced in the foot and ankle realm, leading to new innovative techniques designed toward treatment of small joint abnormality. A range of abnormalities that are currently widespread for arthroscopic treatment in larger joints continues to be translated to congruent modalities in the small joints. Small joint arthroscopy offers relief from foot ailments with a noninvasive element afforded by arthroscopy. Early studies have found comparable results from arthroscopic soft tissue procedures as well as arthrodesis of the small joints when compared with the standard open approach.
Combining participatory modelling and citizen science to support volunteer conservation action

Abstract The popularity of both citizen science and participatory modelling has given way to a growing number of case studies that all outline the benefits of more inclusive forms of conservation planning. Citizen science offers volunteers the opportunity to engage in environmental research while participatory modelling engages individuals in community-level environmental decision-making. Although both of these public-science collaborations are often said to lead to improved environmental decision-making, evidence for these outcomes in the peer reviewed literature remains sparse. We suggest that combining these fields has promise for developing community-supported research leading to conservation action. To demonstrate this approach, we present the infrastructure and use of a participatory modelling software called Mental Modeler ( http://www.mentalmodeler.org /), used with a citizen science web portal ( www.citsci.org ) that allows citizen scientists, scientists, and managers to: (1) collaboratively define local conservation issues of shared concern; (2) model and represent assumptions, evidence, and existing information about these issues; (3) run scenarios to discuss potential research or management options; and ultimately (4) co-develop citizen scientific research and conservation plans. Using case study data from two community groups working on locally-defined issues related to land management practices in the US, we demonstrate how coordinated learning through modelling practices can lead to the development of self-organized and co-created conservation action. We conclude that the development of online modelling tools holds strong promise for the fields of both citizen science and conservation biology.