cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A precision measurement of the A-dependence of dimuon production in proton-nucleus collisions at 800 GeV/c

Precision measurements of the A-dependence of the reaction p + A {dollar}{bsol}to {bsol}mu{bsol}sp+{bsol}mu{bsol}sp-{dollar} + X at 800 GeV/c are reported in this thesis. Data were taken at Fermilab (E772) using a modified version of the large dimuon spectrometer in the Meson-East beamline. A total of 6 {dollar}{bsol}times{dollar} 10{dollar}{bsol}sp5{dollar} muon pairs were recorded for targets of D, C, Ca, Fe, and W. The kinematic region spanned by the data corresponds to a dimuon invariant mass of 3 {dollar}{bsol}le M{bsol}sb{lcub}{bsol}mu{bsol}sp+{bsol}mu{bsol}sp-{rcub} {bsol}le{dollar} 14 GeV, a Feynman-x of {dollar}-{dollar}0.1 {dollar}{bsol}le x{bsol}sb F {bsol}le{dollar} 0.7, and a target parton momentum fraction of 0.03 {dollar}{bsol}le x{bsol}sb2 {bsol}le{dollar} 0.30. Accurate relative target normalizations were achieved by careful monitoring of beam intensity and position, cyclic interchanges of targets, maintaining nearly 100% electronic livetime, and by use of precisely fabricated targets. The systematic errors in the relative yields are less than 2% for all targets. Results are presented on the ratios of cross sections for nuclear targets relative to deuterium for the Drell-Yan process and for the production of the {dollar}J/{bsol}psi,{bsol}psi{bsol}sp{bsol}prime{dollar}, and {dollar}{bsol}Upsilon{dollar} quarkonia. These ratios are presented as functions of variables {dollar}P{bsol}sb T{dollar} and {dollar}x{bsol}sb F{dollar}, and versus {dollar}x{bsol}sb1{dollar} and {dollar}x{bsol}sb2{dollar} for the Drell-Yan process. Nuclear depletion at low-{dollar}x{bsol}sb2{dollar} is observed for the first time in the Drell-Ya n process. No nuclear enhancement of the antiquark distribution is observed in the region {dollar}x{bsol}sb2 {bsol}ge{dollar} 0.1. The data give tight constraints on models developed to explain nuclear medium effects in deep inelastic lepton scattering (EMC effect). Specifically, published models that have postulated a pion excess and 6-quark clusters are ruled out. The A-dependent behaviors on {dollar}x{bsol}sb F{dollar} and {dollar}P{bsol}sb T{dollar} for {dollar}J/{bsol}psi,{bsol}psi{bsol}sp{bsol}prime{dollar}, and {dollar}{bsol}Upsilon{dollar} production are also reported and compared with previous experiments. Substantial nuclear depletions are observed in both the {dollar}x{bsol}sb F{dollar} and {dollar}P{bsol}sb T{dollar} dependence. These depletions increase with increasing {dollar}x{bsol}sb F{dollar}, and decrease with increasing {dollar}P{bsol}sb T{dollar}.
Patient-Centered Clinical Training in Radiology

Today’s radiologists in training will soon be entering the workforce and will spend most of their professional careers in this new health care environment. They will be the specialty’s future leaders and will determine if radiologists remain relevant and valued. The ACR’s Imaging 3.0� initiative was created as a valuable resource to help guide our specialty through these changing times and urges radiologists to “participate actively in patient care as an engaged member of the healthcare team” [5]. As of yet, specific strategies have not focused on preparing residents for these new challenges, and they may be left ill prepared for an era of patient-centered radiology. Many of today’s residents are not training in environments that have adopted these proposed future practice models. In this article, we discuss 3 potentially underutilized educational opportunities for trainees to increase clinical knowledge, improve communication skills, interact with patients, and ultimately emphasize the value of radiologists via patientcentered radiology.
Awake brain tumor resection during pregnancy: Decision making and technical nuances

The co-occurrence of primary brain tumor and pregnancy poses unique challenges to the treating physician. If a rapidly growing lesion causes life-threatening mass effect, craniotomy for tumor debulking becomes urgent. The choice between awake craniotomy versus general anesthesia becomes complicated if the tumor is encroaching on eloquent brain because considerations pertinent to both patient safety and oncological outcome, in addition to fetal wellbeing, are involved. A 31-year-old female at 30 weeks gestation with twins presented to our hospital seeking awake craniotomy to resect a 7 × 6 × 5 cm left frontoparietal brain tumor with 7 mm left-to-right subfalcine herniation on imaging that led to word finding difficulty, dysfluency, right upper extremity paralysis, and right lower extremity weakness. She had twice undergone tumor debulking under general anesthesia during the same pregnancy at an outside hospital at 16 weeks and 28 weeks gestation. There were considerations both for and against awake brain tumor resection over surgery under general anesthesia. The decision-making process and the technical nuances related to awake brain tumor resection in this neurologically impaired patient are discussed. Awake craniotomy benefits the patient who harbors a tumor that encroaches on the eloquent brain by allowing a greater extent of resection while preserving the language and sensorimotor function. It can be successfully done in pregnant patients who are neurologically impaired. The patient should be motivated and well informed of the details of the process. A multidisciplinary and collaborative effort is also crucial.
A low pressure micromachined flow modulator

Abstract The precise control of ultraclean gas flows at very low flow rates is required for the successful implementation of semiconductor processes such as molecular beam epitaxy, low-pressure chemical vapor deposition, and reactive ion etching. This paper reports the design, fabrication and test results of a low pressure flow modulator theoretically capable of delivering sub-sccm gas flows in the range from 3.8 ·10−3 sccm to 0.7 sccm. Eight micromachined flow channels and eight electrostatically actuated microvalves were integrated to form the flow modulator. A differential pressure sensor can also be integrated with the flow channels and the microvalves, or affixed to the glass substrate as a hybrid. Prototype versions of the modulator included an integrated differential pressure sensor. A three-electrode configuration is used to actively pull the microvalves into both the on- and the off-state. This configuration was produced using a nested bulk dissolved-wafer process. The valves actuate at 45–80 V, depending on the beam dimensions, and have an estimated response time of
Synaptosomal glutamate uptake declines progressively in the spinal cord of a mutant mouse with motor neuron disease.

: It has been suggested that the degeneration of motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a consequence of excitotoxicity resulting from a loss of synaptosomal glutamate uptake. The role of synaptosomal glutamate uptake in the pathogenesis of motor neuron disease was studied in the Mnd mouse. Glutamate uptake in spinal-cord synaptosomes declined in parallel with the onset of behavioral deficits in Mnd mice but lagged considerably behind the appearance of pathology in motor neurons. Glutamate uptake did not decline significantly in corpus striatum, and GABA uptake did not change significantly in either spinal cord or striatum. The presence of pronounced histopathological changes before the loss of glutamate uptake suggests that the decline of glutamate uptake is a consequence rather than the primary cause of motor neuron disease in the Mnd mouse.
Contextual Models of Participation in U.S. State Legislative Elections

The analysis of turnout in state legislative elections is a relatively novel subject of inquiry that ought to be pursued. A contextual model of electoral participation provides a useful alternative to aggregate models of turnout in other elections that emphasize socioeconomic factors. The empirical success of the contextual model compares favorably with that of models employing aggregate socioeconomic data or individual level survey data. Nevertheless, Caldeira and Patterson's analysis raises even more questions about contextual models of turnout in state legislative elections than it
Call for applications: graduate student researcher (PhD student) and postdoctoral associates on LCA research

Modern societies generate and mobilize chemicals of enormous diversity and quantity. However, our understanding of the life cycle environmental impacts of chemicals and materials has not kept pace with new discoveries or with the production scale of chemicals. Development of a rapid, early stage tool to evaluate life cycle impacts has a broad relevance to industry, government, and academic communities. We have received a significant amount of funding to develop the science, data, and the tool that will enable an open-access, online platform, the Chemical Life-Cycle Builder (CLB) for early stage life cycle environmental evaluation of chemicals and materials. We have 12 industrial, governmental, and academic partners throughout the world that will collaborate under this project. The project will be conducted by a multidisciplinary team of experts, representing life cycle assessment (LCA); database development; fate, transport, and toxicity modeling; chemical engineering and chemical process design; sustainable chemistry; and materials science. The project will be a crystallization of cutting-edge approaches from each of these fields and offers a fertile ground for world-class research. The PhD researchers and postdoctoral associates recruited for this project will be given the opportunity to participate in the research program, collaborate with our partners, and join our rich training and internship programs. Depending on the qualifications, we will provide tuition, fees, stipend, travel funds, and other benefits for the PhD researchers and postdoctoral associates. For postdoctoral associates, we will offer a competitive salary commensurate with experience.
Political Women: The Women's Movement, Political Institutions, the Battle for Women's Suffrage and the ERA

Political Women: The Women's Movement, Political Institutions, the Battle for Women's Suffrage and the ERA. By Alana S. Jeydel. New York: Routledge. 2004. 223 pp. $125.00.Resource mobilization theory and, more recently, political process/opportunity theories dominate the study of social movements. The pioneering work of Jo Freeman and Anne Costain uses these theories to explain the emergence and mobilization of the contemporary U.S. women's movement. According to this perspective, women's movements have the incentive to act when their chances for success are high. They take advantage of new opportunities and open new ones for themselves. These opportunities are a function of their internal resources and of external factors, such as governmental structures and rules that provide access. Because the U.S. women's movement often has been more oriented toward changing gender role norms and practices, rather than achieving rights, it has received relatively little attention from political opportunity structure (POS) scholars.
Active vibration isolation and excitation by piezoelectric slab with constant feedback gains

Abstract A theoretical and experimental study of an active vibration isolation technique for high-precision position control involving use of a piezoelectric slab via the converse piezoelectric effect is presented. A theory of the piezoelectric isolation/excitation is first derived. A physical model made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer slab is prepared to study its vibration excitation and to evaluate its active vibration isolation by injecting a processed feedback voltage at constant gains. The model is subjected to various amplitudes of base excitation at different frequencies, and the isolation characteristics of the piezoelectric slab are observed. Analytical solutions are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results. The study shows that the vibration isolation is constant for different voltages at any given frequency, and a linear variation with frequency at constant feedback gains. The piezoelectric excitation is a linear function of excitation voltage for constant frequency and a quadratic function of frequency for constant excitation voltage.
Study on the Mechanical Abrasion of the Filter Bags

In this paper, we have studied the mechanical abrasion of the filter bags used in Electrostatic-fabric Integrated Collector (EFIC) and baghouse systems. Four factors have been listed: the effect of improper structure design and installation, the effect of quality of filter bag and poor filter cages. Common problems have been discussed, and the corresponding advices have been proposed.
Utilization of hospital and outpatient care for adverse cutaneous reactions to medications.

Purpose To quantify hospitalizations, visits to office based physicians, hospital clinics and emergency departments with primary diagnoses of skin conditions that are often due to drug reaction. Methods I analyzed data from the National Hospital Discharge Summary (1997–2001), National Ambulatory Care Survey (1995–2000) and National Hospital Ambulatory Care Survey (1995–2000) to determine the number of hospitalizations and visits with primary diagnoses of skin conditions that are often attributed to drugs. Using statistical methods for surveys, I determined the demographic characteristics of patients with these diagnoses and compared them with patients seeking care for other reasons. Results In the United States, there are about 5000 hospitalizations each year with a primary diagnosis of erythema multiform, Stevens–Johnson Syndrome or Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, of which 35% are specifically ascribed to drugs. Annually, there are more than 100 000 outpatient visits for these diagnoses and about two million visits for immediate hypersensitivity reactions that may be due to drugs. Outpatient visits for drug eruptions and drug allergies that include a skin component exceed 500 000 annually. Conclusions Skin conditions often attributed to drugs are frequent reasons for hospitalization and physician visits. Optimal care of the individual patients with these conditions requires careful attention to drugs as a possible cause. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photophysical and photochemical properties of W(0) and Re(i) carbonyl complexes incorporating ferrocenyl-substituted pyridine ligands.

The photophysical and photochemical properties of a series of W(0) and Re(I) carbonyl complexes incorporating ferrocenyl-substituted pyridine ligands were investigated.
In Praise of Simplicity not Mathematistry! Ten Simple Powerful Ideas for the Statistical Scientist

Ronald Fisher was by all accounts a first-rate mathematician, but he saw himself as a scientist, not a mathematician, and he railed against what George Box called (in his Fisher lecture) “mathematistry.” Mathematics is the indispensable foundation of statistics, but for me the real excitement and value of our subject lies in its application to other disciplines. We should not view statistics as another branch of mathematics and favor mathematical complexity over clarifying, formulating, and solving real-world problems. Valuing simplicity, I describe 10 simple and powerful ideas that have influenced my thinking about statistics, in my areas of research interest: missing data, causal inference, survey sampling, and statistical modeling in general. The overarching theme is that statistics is a missing data problem and the goal is to predict unknowns with appropriate measures of uncertainty.
Metal Organic Vapor Phase Growth of Complex Semiconductor Alloys

The metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy of semiconductor materials has been developed over the past three decades and has focused on the synthesis of semiconductors and alloys useful in the formation of optoelectronic and high speed electronic devices. These materials are currently binary semiconductors or alloys which have broad miscibility. The extension to alloy systems which are highly immiscible in bulk form requires modification to conventional growth systems preventing the nucleation and growth of multiple compositional phases. The general features of MOVPE as it relates to the growth of complex alloys is developed within the current framework of MOVPE technology.
How Does Theology Go Public? Rethinking the Debate between David Tracy and George Lindbeck

The possibilities for taking theological ethics ‘public’ have taken on added significance amidst debates over the nature of moral norms. If realist theological ethics can find a public voice, it will enhance the prospects for interreligious ethical collaboration and the place of theology in it. A key question remains whether particular contexts of religious symbols render them meaningful only within communities of ‘origin’, or particularity actually enables broadly compelling meaning or a public voice for theology. At issue in the Tracy-Lindbeck debate are their understandings of ‘public’, their responses to philosophical anti-foundationalism, and their theological presuppositions. While postliberal emphases on the distinctiveness of the Christian community and attention to the ecclesial community complement Tracy's emphases on dialogue and coherence, Tracy's recent methods provide more adequate responses to the challenges posed by postmodernism.
Modularity in Design: Skit Registers and Counters Used as System Building Blocks

An algorithm for determining whether or not an arbitrary sequential machine can be synthesized using only shift registers or up-down counters as memory elements is presented. When realization is possible, a basis for state assignment is given. State-partitioning techniques are used to this end and it is concluded that by means of a single test, it is possible to simultaneously check for realizability using either of the two module types.
Ultraviolet photodetection properties of indium oxide nanowires

Photoconducting properties of In2O3 nanowires were studied. Devices based on individual In2O3 nanowires showed a substantial increase in conductance of up to four orders of magnitude upon exposure to UV light. Such devices also exhibited short response times and significant shifts in the threshold gate voltage. The sensitivity to UV of different wavelengths was studied and compared. We have further demonstrated the use of UV light as a “gas cleanser” for In2O3 nanowire chemical sensors, leading to a recovery time as short as 80 s.
Intertemporal and intergenerational pareto efficiency: An extended theorem

Abstract In 1976 Sandler and Smith developed a concept of intertemporal Pareto efficiency and derived optimality conditions for a variety of specifications of the intertemporal characteristics of both public and private goods. This analysis led to the conclusion that any discounting of the benefits of a good that is public across generations (or time) as well as individuals would be Pareto inefficient. In this paper it is argued that such a conclusion is warranted only under an unlikely specification of the intertemporal transformation function.
Significance of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia on needle biopsy.

Abstract We studied 33 cases with an initial needle biopsy of the prostate that showed only high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN 2–3), for which follow-up biopsies were available. Twenty-four men (73%) were shown to have adenocarcinoma either on simultaneous (14 patients) or subsequent (10 patients) biopsy. The grade of PIN (grade 2 v 3), rectal examination findings, and transrectal ultrasound results proved not to be significantly different in patients with proven adenocarcinoma compared with those without proven carcinoma. In contrast, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations were elevated in 90% of patients with carcinoma compared with only 50% of those with a benign follow-up biopsy. Persistent elevation of serum PSA concentration was seen in only one of three patients with serial PSA measurements and a benign follow-up biopsy. Notably, all patients with carcinoma for whom we had serial measurements of serum PSA levels had persistent elevation. The finding of high-grade PIN on needle biopsy often represents a sampling problem with carcinoma nearby. Consequently, the finding of high-grade PIN on needle biopsy merits vigorous follow-up, including rebiopsy. In particular, patients with increased serum PSA appear to be at greater risk of harboring prostatic adenocarcinoma. However, a significant number of patients with high-grade PIN on initial biopsy may not have evidence of carcinoma on repeat biopsy. Thus, radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy for PIN is not warranted.
Psychosocial, socio-cultural, and environmental influences on mental health help-seeking among African-American men

Abstract The social determinants unique to African-American men's health contribute to limited access and utilization of health and mental health care services and can have a deleterious effect on their overall health and well-being. There is a need to examine the complex issues concerning African-American men's help-seeking behaviors relative to mental health concerns. Current research estimates that African-American men are approximately 30% more likely to report having a mental illness compared to non-Hispanic Whites and are less likely to receive proper diagnosis and treatment. There is an extensive body of research that supports the view that women are more likely to seek help for psychological problems than African-American men. This review explores the psychosocial, environmental and socio-cultural factors that influence mental health help-seeking behavior among African-American men and explains the urgency to engage various stakeholders to pursue effective behavioral strategies. Research literatur...
Use of an external mnemonic to augment the efficacy of an internal mnemonic in older adults.

Objectives To evaluate the impact of external memory devices on the efficacy of a package of internal mnemonic techniques. Participants wrote two types of lists during the study phase: (a) a list of study words and/or (b) a loci list. At recall, participants were not allowed to refer to either of the lists they had written during the study. Design 2 x 2 factorial with writing study words ("write" or "not write") and writing down a previously established loci list ("write" or "not write") manipulated as between-participants variables. Participants 68 community-dwelling adults 55 years of age and older who wished to improve their memory. Measurements Free word recall. Results There were statistically significant effects of writing the loci list, but not of writing the list of study words. Scores were higher when participants wrote the loci lists compared to when they did not. Conclusions Use of external mnemonics may enhance the efficacy of internal mnemonics, even when the external mnemonic is not used at the time of recall.
A memory of George Forsythe

Early last March, I was in California and so dropped by to visit George Forsythe. I recall our conversation because it included a few of the many things George was interested in. We talked about the NATS project work in subroutine testing and distribution. He described a textbook he was writing. He went over plans for his upcoming sabbatical leave, recalling Ed Feigenbaum's remark that the only trouble with being on the Stanford faculty was that you couldn't go to Stanford for your sabbatical. He said that he had decided to accept another term as chairman of Stanford's Computer Science Department. He mentioned a study he had just made for the chancellor of another university, assessing their program in computer science. We discussed the progress which two of the grad students were making on their theses. And we even talked a little numerical analysis -- he told me about a coordinate-independent theory of splines.
Membrane type (MT) 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and MMP-2 expression in ligature-induced periodontitis in the rat.

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been shown to be involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In particular, MMP-2 and MMP-9 (gelatinase A and gelatinase B, respectively) have been identified as the predominant MMPs during periodontitis. Recent studies have indicated that a novel transmembrane MMP, mebrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), can activate pro-MMP-2 in tumor metastasis. This study aims to elucidate the presence and localization of MT1-MMP and MMP-2 in periodontitis in a rat model. Methods: In 2 groups of 40-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats, periodontitis was initiated by ligating floss around maxillary second molars. A group of control animals were left untreated. Maxillary dentoalveolar segments were isolated after 7 and 21 days postinduction and were prepared for gross and radiographic analysis of bone loss and for histological analysis. Samples were also prepared for gel zymography to detect the presence of MMP- 2, and for Northern blot analysis...
Characterization of unextractable organic matter associated with heavy minerals from oil sand

Abstract Considerable quantities of organic matter are associated with heavy metal minerals recovered from Suncor aqueous sludge. This organic matter is not extractable with common organic solvents. Attempts were made to concentrate this organic matter by dissolving the mineral matter in acids. Various soluble fractions were also obtained by extraction with methanol/benzene (1:4) after each dissolution step. All these fractions were analysed by elemental analysis, infrared, proton and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Expression of the T-cell-specific γ gene is unnecessary in T cells recognizing class II MHC determinants

Subtractive complementary DNA cloning combined with partial protein sequencing has allowed identification of the genes encoding the α and β subunits of T-cell receptors1–7. The subtractive cDNA library prepared from the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (Tc) clone 2C has been found to contain a third type of clone encoding the γ chain5,8,9. The γ gene shares several features with the α and β genes: (1) assembly from gene segments resembling immunoglobulin V, J and C (respectively variable, joining and constant region) DNA segments10; (2) rearrangement and expression in T cells and not in B cells8; (3) sequences reminiscent of transmembrane and intracytoplasmic regions of integral membrane proteins8; (4) a cysteine residue at the position expected for an interchain disulphide bond. The α and β genes are expressed at equivalent levels in both Tc cells and helper T cells (TH)4,5,9,11. The γ gene, obtained from 2C, has been found to be expressed in all Tc cells studied9. Here we present evidence that strongly suggests that TH cells do not require γ gene expression.
The energetics and kinetics of relaxed alkene triplet states as determined by pulsed time-resolved photoacoustic calorimetry

Abstract The energetics and lifetimes of a number of substituted olefin and diene triplets have been measured using photoacoustic calorimetry. All the acyclic triplets studied have triplet energies less than their spectroscopic values. This suggests they prefer a twisted relaxed geometry.
OXYGEN ISOTOPE SEPARATION IN ZIRCONIA ELECTROLYTE CELLS.

SOLID oxide electrolytes with predominantly oxide ion (O2−) conductivity should show isotope effects resulting from the different mobilities of 16O, 17O and 18O through the anion sub-lattice. In particular, the oxygen-containing gas stream leaving the cathode of an oxide electrolyte cell should be enriched in the heavier isotopes because of the greater mass and consequent lower mobility of 17O and 18O. This principle has already been suggested as a means of separating the heavier isotopes1 and we now describe experiments which were undertaken to examine the magnitude of its effect.
The Interaction Between a Neutron and a Proton and the Structure of H**3

Suppose that the interaction between a neutron and a proton depends on their distance apart so as to be negligible above a certain small distance $a$, and yet is responsible for the mass defect of ${\mathrm{H}}^{2}$. Suppose further that the interaction between two neutrons and a proton may be compounded in the usual way from that between a neutron and a proton, the interaction between two neutrons being neglected, while there is no prohibition of a wave function symmetrical in the positions of two neutrons. Then it is shown that the mass defect of ${\mathrm{H}}^{3}$ is made arbitrarily large by taking $a$ small enough. The observed mass defect of ${\mathrm{H}}^{3}$ thus provides, on the above assumptions, a lower limit for $a$; and in particular rules out the possibility that the interaction may be regarded as arising from a singularity in configuration space. We conclude, in effect, that: either two neutrons repel one another by an amount not negligible compared with the attraction between a neutron and a proton; or that the wave function cannot be symmetrical in their positions; or else that the interaction between a neutron and a proton is not confined within a relative distance very small compared with ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{1}$.
Klinefelter syndrome presenting as behavioral problems in a young adult

This Case Study describes an 18-year-old Somali man who initially presented to medical care with behavioral problems and was later diagnosed as having Klinefelter syndrome. Presented from the perspective of the primary care provider, this case illustrates the challenges in the clinical diagnosis and issues associated with long-term management of this relatively under-recognized condition. Background An 18-year-old Somali man presented to a primary care clinic to investigate a potential pathophysiological reason for behavioral problems at school that had arisen in the past 1–2 years. A previous physical examination at school revealed the patient to have small, firm testicles which prompted further testing. Investigation Thyroid function and levels of prolactin, total testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were determined. Testes were measured. Chromosome analysis testing was performed to determine the patient's karyotype. Diagnosis Klinefelter syndrome with a 47,XXY karyotype. Management Testosterone replacement therapy was recommended, but the patient declined treatment.
Experimental observation of the magnitude and sign of the third order optical nonlinearity in polydibutylstannane

Abstract The magnitude and sign of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility ( χ 3 ) of polydibutylstannane, a polymer with a homonuclear tin (Sn) backbone, were determined using degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) and single-beam Z-scan measurements at 532 nm. These experiments were conducted at various molar concentrations in chloroform solutions from 1.0 to 5.0 × 10 −2 M. The χ 3 value for polydibutylstannane was found to be about two orders of magnitude larger than that of polysilane. An extrapolation of χ 3 for the polydibutylstannane solid gives about 10 −10 esu. This value is among the largest measured in materials transparent in the visible region.
Molecular participants in mitochondrial cell death channel formation during neuronal ischemia

Mitochondrial ion channels are involved in numerous cellular processes. Membrane pores and transporters regulate the influx and efflux of calcium, sodium, potassium, zinc and determine the membrane compartmentalization of numerous cytosolic metabolites. The permeability of the inner membrane to ions and solutes helps determine the membrane potential of the inner membrane, but the permeability of the outer membrane, controlled in part by VDAC and the BCL-2 family proteins, regulates the release of important signaling molecules that determine the onset of programmed cell death. BCL-2 family proteins have properties of ion channels and perform specialized physiological functions, for example, regulating the strength and pattern of synaptic transmission, in addition to their well known role in cell death. The ion channels of the inner and outer membranes may come together in a complex of proteins during programmed cell death, particularly during neuronal ischemia, where elevated levels of the divalents calcium and zinc activate inner membrane ion channel conductances. The variety of possible molecular participants within the ion channel complex may be matched only by the variety of different types of programmed cell death.
Molecular Mechanics (MM4) Calculations on [3.3]- and [4.4]Orthoparacyclophanes†

Conformational analyses in the gas phase and the prediction of the crystal structures of 5-carboxy[3.3]orthoparacyclophane (1) and 6-bromo[4.4]orthoparacyclophane (2) were carried out by using the ...
Translational Complexity of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein: Insights from the Fly

Through the awesome power of Drosophila genetics, two recent studies (Costa et al., 2005; Zarnescu et al., 2005) reveal novel mechanisms by which the Fragile X Mental Retardation protein regulates selective mRNA translation, controlling key steps of germline development during oogenesis and neuronal development during synaptogenesis.
New dominance characteristics for the multivariable Nyquist array method

Three new dominance characteristics are introduced to the multivariable Nyquist array methods. The first characteristic utilizes a conformal mapping procedure to establish a new set of bands in the 'image' plane to assist in feedback gain selection and stability assessment. The second characteristic uses the 'image' band concept to provide a theoretical foundation for finite frequency dominance considerations, thus removing the restrictive requirement of dominance for all s on the Nyquist D contour. The third characteristic provides for the sharing of system dominance among the feedback control loops. The dominance sharing concept may be used to establish dominance and/or to improve the dominance condition in prespecified feedback loops.
Investigations of some physio-biochemical properties of ceruloplasmin in schizophrenics and in normal subjects.

MANY authors have reported the existence of different forms of ceruloplasmin and its derivatives, both normal and pathological (taraxein), in the blood of schizophrenics and normal subjects2,3.
A Y639F/H784A T7 RNA polymerase double mutant displays superior properties for synthesizing RNAs with non‐canonical NTPs

A T7 RNA polymerase in which Tyr639 is mutated to Phe readily utilizes 2'-deoxy, 2'-NH2 and 2'-F NTPs as substrates and has been widely used to synthesize modified RNAs for a variety of applications. This mutant does not readily utilize NTPs with bulkier 2'-substituents, nor does it facilitate incorporation of NTPs with modifications at other positions. Introduction of a second mutation (H784A) into the Y639F background markedly enhances utilization of NTPs with bulky 2'-substituents (2'-OMe and 2'-N3), and may also enhance use of NTPs with modifications at other than the 2'-position. The Y639F/H784A double mutant may therefore be exceptionally useful for incorporation of a variety of non-canonical NMPs into RNA.
A CMOS matrix for extracting MOSFET parameters before and after irradiation

An addressable matrix of 16 n- and 16 p-MOSFETs was designed to extract the DC MOSFET parameters for all DC gate bias conditions before and after irradiation. The matrix contains four sets of MOSFETs, each with four different geometries that can be biased independently. Thus the worst-case bias scenarios can be determined. The MOSFET matrix was fabricated at a silicon foundry using a radiation-soft CMOS p-well LOCOS process. Co-60 irradiation results for the n-MOSFETs showed a threshold-voltage shift of -3 mV/krad(Si), whereas the p-MOSFETs showed a shift of 21 mV/krad(Si). The worst-case threshold-voltage shift occurred for the n-MOSFETs, with a gate bias of 5 V during the anneal. For the p-MOSFETs, biasing did not affect the shift in the threshold voltage. A parasitic MOSFET dominated the leakage of the n-MOSFET biased with 5 V on the gate during irradiation. Co-60 test results for other parameters are also presented. >
Natural History Observations of the Ichthyological and Herpetological Fauna on the Island of Curaçao (Netherlands)

Despite increasing popularity of the island as an ecotourist destination, the ecology and natural history of many organisms native to the Lesser Antillean island of Curacao have remained enigmatic. We document multiple new observations of the behavioral ecology of several terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates that inhabit Curacao. We present the first report of avian predation on the endemic Curacao whiptail lizard, Cnemidophorus murinus, suggesting these lizards play a potentially important role in this island’s food web. We also document the first instance of predation by the introduced tropical house gecko, Hemidactylus mabouia, on the native Antilles gecko, Gonatodes antillensis. Tropical house geckos are thought to be displacing native geckos through a combination of niche displacement and competitive exclusion, and our finding suggests that predation on smaller native lizards may be another factor aiding the success of this introduced gecko on Curacao. We also present repeated observational evidence that juvenile bluehead wrasses (Thalassoma bifasciatum) seek refuge among the sessile and venomous giant Caribbean sea anemones (Condylactis gigantean).
Phonon Scattering at a Low-Angle Grain Boundary in Silicon

The propagation of ballistic thermal phonons through a single low-angle grain boundary in pure silicon is observed at equivalent temperatures of 2 to 20 K. No scattering of phonons by the boundary can be detected. Die Fortpflanzung ballistischer thermischer Phononen von 2 bis 20 K aquivalenter Temperatur, die unter kleinem Winkel auf eine einzelne Korngrenze in Silizium auftreffen, wird beobachtet. Phononenstreuung an der Grenzflache kann nicht festgestellt werden.
The Determination of Money Wages in American Industry

Issues in wage determination, 379. — Hypothesis 1 (institutional): wage rates are set by a bargaining process, 381. — Hypothesis 2 (economic): both product and labor market factors influence wage determination, 381. — Hypothesis 3 (economic): two variables, profit and unemployment rates, are sufficient to explain most of the variation in the rate of increase of wage rates, 383. — Hypothesis 4 (institutional): wage determination in a group of heavy industries is interdependent, 384. — Hypothesis 5 (institutional): wages are determined in wage rounds, 386. — The central result on wages: wage determination in the key group, 388. — Some supporting evidence: time series for individual industries within the key group, 390. — The significance of other variables — productivity, 392; consumer prices, 392. — Wage determination outside the key group, 394. — Results of cross-section analysis, 397. — Reconciliation of time series and cross-section results, 401. — Relation to previous empirical results, 402. — Is there a Phillips curve for the United States? 406. — Extrapolation of the central result, 406. — Summary and concluding comment, 408. — Appendix I. The derivation of the central result, 409. — Appendix II. The construction of unemployment estimates for two-digit industries, 413.
Turnaround, Transformational, or Transactional Leadership: An Ethical Dilemma in School Reform.

This case was written for school leaders, specifically building-level principals and central office administrators attempting to implement school turnaround reform efforts. Often, leaders who embark on this type of organizational change work in intense environments that produce high levels of pressure to demonstrate improvement in student achievement. Educators studying this case should examine the impact on ethical leadership when implementing rapid reform efforts, particularly the pressure on school leaders at the district and building levels to employ a transactional rather than transformational approach to leadership as they respond to the pressures of turnaround school policy.
Randomized, Clinical Trial of Ligasure™ vs. Conventional Diathermy in Hemorrhoidectomy

PURPOSE: Hemorrhoidectomy is frequently associated with significant postoperative pain, and new techniques to reduce this pain are constantly under evaluation. The present study was conducted to determine the usefulness of the Ligasure™ system and compare it with conventional diathermy for hemorrhoidectomy. METHODS: Thirty-four consecutive patients with Grade 3 or 4 hemorrhoids requiring surgery were recruited and randomized into two groups by preoperative assignment of sealed envelopes. Patients with coexisting perianal disease, previous perianal surgery, or thrombosed hemorrhoids were excluded. All patients were anesthetized and operated on by a single team. In one group, monopolar diathermy in the coagulation mode was used to dissect hemorrhoidal tissue from the internal sphincter. In the second group, tissue was coagulated by Ligasure™ and then divided with scissors. Operating time was documented by theater staff. Postoperatively, pain scores and Cleveland Clinic incontinence scores were documented. RESULTS: Seventeen patients were randomized into each group. There were no significant differences in age, gender, or clinical symptoms between the groups. The mean operating time in the Ligasure™ group was 6 (range, 4–10) minutes compared with 11 (range, 7–20) minutes in the other group, and this was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Patients in the Ligasure™ group reported significantly less pain with first defecation and at postoperative Days 1 and 14 (P < 0.001). The mean hospital stay in both groups was one (range, 1–5) day, and there was no difference in the incontinence scores. CONCLUSIONS: Ligasure™ diathermy provides a superior alternative to conventional diathermy in hemorrhoidectomy by reducing operating time and postoperative pain.
Sol-gel-derived micron scale optical fibers for chemical sensing

We report for the first time on the preparation of organically-doped room temperature processed sol-gel-derived micron scale optical fibers as platforms for chemical- and bio-sensors. Micron scale optical fibers are drawn from fluorescent dye-doped tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)-derived sol-gel solution processed under ambient conditions. Such a simple methodology to entrap organic and even bioactive species within the optical fiber offers many advantages over more conventional ways of immobilizing organic probes for the development of optical sensors. Specifically, we report on the photophysical properties of fluorescein (a pH sensitive fluorescent dye) and rhodamine 6G (R6G; laser dye) entrapped within sol-gel-derived optical fibers. We present the preliminary results on the viability of such doped optical fibers for chemical sensing. Our results demonstrate that a fluorescein-doped sol-gel-derived optical fiber responds to ammonia and acid vapors with a response time of 1–2 seconds.
FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY OF AUDITORY PATHWAYS IN THE SOUND-PRODUCING FISH POLLIMYRUS

We have described the acoustic pathway from the ear to the diencephalon in a sound-producing fish (Pollimyrus) based on simultaneous neurophysiological recordings from single neurons and injections of biotin pathway tracers at the recording sites. Fundamental transformations of auditory information from highly phase-locked and entrained responses in primary eighth nerve afferents and first-order medullary neurons to more weakly phase-locked responses in the auditory midbrain were revealed by physiological recordings. Anatomical pathway tracing uncovered a bilateral array of both first- and second-order medullary nuclei and a perilemniscal nucleus. Interconnections within the medullary auditory areas were extensive. Medullary nuclei projected to the auditory midbrain by means of the lateral lemniscus. Midbrain auditory areas projected to both ipsilateral and contralateral optic tecta and to an array of three nuclei in the auditory thalamus. The significance of these findings to the elucidation of mechanisms for the analysis of communication sounds and spatial hearing in this vertebrate animal is discussed.
Dissociation constant of acetic acid in N-methylpropionamide from 5 to 55°C and related thermodynamic quantities

The dissociation constant of acetic acid in N-methylpropionamide (NMP) has been determined at 11 temperatures from 5 to 55°C by measurement of the electromotive force of cells without liquid junction containing hydrogen gas electrodes and silver-silver chloride electrodes. The pK at 25°C was found to be 7.995 (molal scale) as compared with 4.756 in water; thus, acetic acid is much weaker in NMP than in water despite the higher dielectric constant of the nonaqueous solvent (176 as compared with 78.3 at 25°C). The standard changes of enthalpy and entropy for the dissociation of acetic acid were calculated from the temperature coefficient of pK, and thermodynamic functions for the transfer dissociation process were obtained. The weakness of acetic acid in NMP is discussed in terms of electrostatic effects and solute-solvent interactions.
Isolated group B streptococcal endogenous endophthalmitis simulating retinoblastoma or persistent fetal vasculature in a healthy full-term infant

Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a potentially devastating neonatal pathogen that most commonly causes meningitis, sepsis, and pneumonia. It is also a very rare cause of endogenous endophthalmitis. We present the second case of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by GBS in a healthy newborn and the first case of endogenous endophthalmitis by GBS in a newborn mimicking retinoblastoma and resulting in enucleation.
Distribution of effects of haloperidol on energy metabolism in the rat brain.

Abstract The effects of the putative dopaminergic antagonist, haloperidol (0.01–10 mg/kg, i.v.), on cerebral glucose utilization in 43 anatomically discrete regions of the rat brain have been examined by the quantitative autoradiographic 2-deoxyglucose technique. Dose-dependent reductions in glucose utilization were observed in 10 regions of the CNS (e.g. hippocampus, ventral thalamus and almost the entire neocortex, with the notable exception of anterior cingulate cortex). Two regions of the CNS (nucleus accumbens and pars compacta of the substantia nigra) displayed dose-related increases in glucose utilization following haloperidol administration. In addition to these specific alterations, the largest doses of haloperidol produced widespread, moderate (about 25%) reductions in glucose utilization throughout the CNS. The prior administration of haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg) prevented the effects on glucose utilization of the administration of apomorphine (1.5 mg/kg) in all regions of the CNS examined. The distribution of alterations in glucose utilization following haloperidol administration are considered in relation to the overall functional consequences of dopaminergic receptor blockade.
Time development of sers from pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, and cyanide adsorbed on ag electrodes during an oxidation-reduction cycle

Abstract The time development of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SF.RS) from pyridinc, pyrimidine, pyrazine, and cyanide adsorbed on Ag electrodes has been recorded during an oxidation-reduction cycle by using an optical multichannel analyzer. The OMA system, capable of detecting spectra over a range of 400 cm−1 in 25 ms, was employed to monitor changes in Raman intensities, frequency shifts, and linewidths. Whereas measurements on pyridine confirm previously reported results and resolve some controversial questions, results on pyrazine provide new insight into the SERS mechanism. Because of the inversion symmetry of pyrazine, the Raman and infrared active modes are separated, but no significant distinction is observed in the SERS time development of Raman active compared to infrared active modes. In SERS from cyanide, large changes in the C - N stretching frequency have been observed.