cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Matrix deposition and extracellular processing of newly synthesized collagens in the isolated perfused rat lung.

We have examined the matrix deposition and proteolytic processing of newly synthesized interstitial and basement membrane collagens in the isolated perfused adult rat lung. Isolated, perfused, and ventilated lungs were labeled for up to 4 h with radiolabeled proline. Collagens were partially purified from homogenates by salt fractionation and ion exchange chromatography and examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacry-lamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The major collagenous species were identified as types I, III, and IV collagen by peptide mapping and indirect immunoprecipitation assays. Whereas extraction with neutral salts recovered radiolabeled types I and III collagen, extraction of the neutral salt residue with 2 M guanidine-HCl preferentially recovered types III and IV collagen. Reextraction of the guanidine-HCl residue in the presence of dithiothreitol selectively recovered type IV procollagen (PC) and covalently cross-linked aggregates of type IV chains. In pulse-chase experiments we observed ...
Effects of Thiouracil on Rat Liver α-Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase and Serum PBI Responses to l-Thyroxine

The effects of dietary thiouracil (TU) were studied on rat liver mitochondrial α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) and serum protein bound iodine (PBI) responses to l-thyroxine (T4) given by sc injection or by gavage. Although serum turnover rates of a single dose of 131I-T4 were not affected by TU, the half-life of serum PB131I averaged 22 hr for injected and 30 hr for gavaged animals. Maximum serum PB131I levels were reached in 8–10 hr in all groups following a single dose of 131I-T4 but the PBI levels were approximately 3 times higher in injected than in gavaged animals. This observation correlates with the previous finding that injected T4 is approximately 3 times more active than oral T4 in the rat. In all experiments, graded doses of T4 given to rats receiving 0.2 g TU/100 g diet resulted in high PBI levels (up to 100 μg/100 ml serum) but suboptimal GPD responses. When the amount of TU in the diet was increased from 0 to 0.8 g/100 g diet, animals receiving 9 μg T4/100 g body weight/day showed a p...
Analytical and numerical studies of the structure of steady separated flows

The viscous structure of a separated eddy is investigated for two cases of simplified geometry. In § 1, an analytical solution, based on a linearized model, is obtained for an eddy bounded by a circular streamline. This solution reveals the flow development from a completely viscous eddy at low Reynolds number to an inviscid rotational core at high Reynolds number, in the manner envisaged by Batchelor. Quantitatively, the solution shows that a significant inviscid core exists for a Reynolds number greater than 100. At low Reynolds number the vortex centre shifts in the direction of the boundary velocity until the inviscid core develops; at large Reynolds number, the inviscid vortex core is symmetric about the centre of the circle, except for the effect of the boundary-layer displacement-thickness. Special results are obtained for velocity profiles, skin-friction distribution, and total power dissipation in the eddy. In addition, results of the method of inner and outer expansions are compared with the complete solution, indicating that expansions of this type give valid results for separated eddies at Reynolds numbers greater than about 25 to 50. The validity of the linear analysis as a description of separated eddies is confirmed to a surprising degree by numerical solutions of the full Navier–Stokes equations for an eddy in a square cavity driven by a moving boundary at the top. These solutions were carried out by a relaxation procedure on a high-speed digital computer, and are described in § 2. Results are presented for Reynolds numbers from 0 to 400 in the form of contour plots of stream function, vorticity, and total pressure. At the higher values of Reynolds number, an inviscid core develops, but secondary eddies are present in the bottom corners of the square at all Reynolds numbers. Solutions of the energy equation were obtained also, and isotherms and wall heat-flux distributions are presented graphically.
A model for the rate-controlling mechanism in superplasticity

Abstract A model for the superplastic deformation mechanism was presented and the fact that superplasticity is a distinct rate-controlling mechanism in the high temperature deformation of fine-grained materials, with its own and unique dependence of strain rate on grain size, stress and temperature, was emphasized. The proposed mechanism assumes that the strain is achieved mainly by three-dimensional grain rearrangement which proceeds by interface sliding accompanied by grain boundary migration and grain rotation and accomodated by individual dislocations climbing into a narrow region near the boundary and being annihilated into the boundary. The new dislocations necessary to continue the deformation process are supplied by the climbing dislocations themselves which multiply by a Bardeen-Herring mechanism. The model gives an activation energy equal to that for grain boundary diffusion, a second power stress dependence and an inverse second power grain size dependence of the strain rate. The proposed model predicts several microstructural features in superplasticity which are in good agreement with experimental observations.
Lidocaine Toxicity Secondary to Local Anesthesia Administered in the Community for Elective Circumcision

We report three previously healthy infants aged, respectively, 23 days, 6 weeks, and 3 months with systemic lidocaine toxicity following administration of subcutaneous lidocaine for regional anesthesia during an elective circumcision. The patients developed a generalized seizure requiring endotracheal intubation but recovered fully with supportive care. We report the clinical details of these cases as well as a review of lidocaine toxicity.
Transcriptome changes associated with instructed learning in the barn owl auditory localization pathway.

Owls reared wearing prismatic spectacles learn to make adaptive orienting movements. This instructed learning depends on re-calibration of the midbrain auditory space map, which in turn involves the formation of new synapses. Here we investigated whether these processes are associated with differential gene expression, using longSAGE. Newly fledged owls were reared for 8–36 days with prism or control lenses at which time the extent of learning was quantified by electrophysiological mapping. Transciptome profiles were obtained from the inferior colliculus (IC), the major site of synaptic plasticity, and the optic tectum (OT), which provides an instructive signal that controls the direction and extent of plasticity. Twenty-two differentially expressed sequence tags were identified in IC and 36 in OT, out of more than 35,000 unique tags. Of these, only four were regulated in both structures. These results indicate that regulation of two largely independent gene clusters is associated with synaptic remodeling (in IC) and generation of the instructive signal (in OT). Real-time PCR data confirmed the changes for two transcripts, ubiquitin/polyubiquitin and tyrosine 3-monooxgenase/tryotophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, theta subunit (YWHAQ; also referred to as 14-3-3 protein). Ubiquitin was downregulated in IC, consistent with a model in which protein degradation pathways act as an inhibitory constraint on synaptogenesis. YWHAQ was up-regulated in OT, indicating a role in the synthesis or delivery of instructive information. In total, our results provide a path towards unraveling molecular cascades that link naturalistic experience with synaptic remodeling and, ultimately, with the expression of learned behavior. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
Radical cations of bivalent sulphur heterocycles

(1970). Radical cations of bivalent sulphur heterocycles. Molecular Physics: Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 581-583.
Combined Action of Lipase and Microbial Phospholipase C on a Model Fat Globule Emulsion and Raw Milk

Abstract Phospholipase C from Pseudomonas fluorescens hydrolyzed phospholipids adsorbed to fat globules in a model emulsion composed of butteroil emulsified with crude soy lecithin. Modification of the membrane by this enzyme enhanced lipolysis when steapsin was introduced to the emulsion contained in a Bio-fiber beaker-type dialysis system. Following an initial period of induction, the velocity of lipolysis in the model emulsion was greater in the presence of phospholipase C than in its absence. Phospholipase C also enhanced the activity of milk lipase in raw milk. The magnitude of enhancement was much greater in milk than in the model emulsion. Presumptive data suggested that lipolysis by phospholipase C varied with intrinsic differences among various animals.
The basolateral amygdala regulates adaptation to stress via β-adrenergic receptor-mediated reductions in phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase.

Abstract The reactivity of physiological systems and behavior to psychological stress is reduced with increasing familiarity with a repeated stressor. This reduced reactivity, termed habituation, is a crucial adaptation limiting negative health consequences of stress and can be disrupted in psychopathology. We hypothesized that the ability to habituate physiologically and behaviorally to previously experienced stressors depends on β-adrenergic receptor activation (β-AR) in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), a specific neural substrate important for the consolidation of multiple types of memories. We observed that administration of the β-AR antagonist propranolol into the BLA after each of four daily exposures to restraint stress prevented the normal development of neuroendocrine and behavioral habituation measured during the fifth restraint in adult male rats. In contrast, the β-AR agonist clenbuterol administered into the BLA after each restraint on days 1–4 enhanced neuroendocrine habituation at the lowest dose but attenuated behavioral habituation at high doses. We then explored intracellular signaling mechanisms in the BLA that might be a target of β-AR activation during stress. β-AR activation post restraint is necessary for the alteration in basal phosphorylated ERK (pERK) levels, as daily post-stress β-AR blockade on days 1–4 prevented repeated stress from leading to decreased pERK in the BLA on day 5. Finally, we examined the effect of blocking ERK phosphorylation in the BLA after each restraint on days 1–4 with the MEK (MAPK/ERK kinase) inhibitor U0126, and found that this was sufficient to both mimic neuroendocrine habituation in stress-naive animals and to enhance it in repeatedly stressed animals during restraint on day 5. Together, the results suggest that an individual's ability to habituate to repeated stress is regulated by activation of BLA β-AR, which may have these effects by transducing subsequent reductions in pERK. Individual variations in β-AR activation and intracellular signaling in the BLA may contribute significantly to adaptation to psychological stress and consequent resilience to stress-related psychopathology.
Response of Cumulus Clouds to Large-Scale Forcing Using the Arakawa-Schubert Cumulus Parameterization

Abstract A cumulus parameterization scheme developed by Arakawa and Schubert was tested through a semiprognostic approach using two different datasets: one for a tropical cloud band, the other for tropical composite easterly wave disturbances. Both were observed in GARP (Global Atmospheric Research Program) Atlantic Tropical Experiment using a computational algorithm different from that of Lord. Also, an efficient software package from the International Mathematics and Statistics Library was used in determining the cloud mass flux at the cloud base level. The semiprognostic results indicate that the cloud heating and drying effects predicted by the Arakawa-Schubert scheme in both cases agree rather well with the observations. Also, the predicted cloud population in terms of cloud-base mass flux shows the prominent features as already revealed by other previous diagnostic studies in the tropical area. The Arakawa-Schubert scheme underestimates both condensation and evaporation rates substantially when comp...
A Theory of Minimum Plastic Spin in Crystal Mechanics

A theory of minimum plastic spin (i. e. minimum relative rate-of-rotation of gross crystalline material and underlying atomic lattice) is proposed for the finite deformation of crystals, consistent with loading conditions and constraints. Three families of multiple-slip configurations of f. c. c. crystals are comprehensively investigated: (i) pure plane strain compression with a [100] axis of free extension; (ii) (110) loading in channel die compression; and (iii) all multiple-slip orientations in uniaxial tension. It is established that, in each case, minimum plastic spin uniquely predicts the experimentally observed behaviour.
Modules based on the geochemical model PHREEQC for use in scripting and programming languages

The geochemical model PHREEQC is capable of simulating a wide range of equilibrium reactions between water and minerals, ion exchangers, surface complexes, solid solutions, and gases. It also has a general kinetic formulation that allows modeling of nonequilibrium mineral dissolution and precipitation, microbial reactions, decomposition of organic compounds, and other kinetic reactions. To facilitate use of these reaction capabilities in scripting languages and other models, PHREEQC has been implemented in modules that easily interface with other software. A Microsoft COM (component object model) has been implemented, which allows PHREEQC to be used by any software that can interface with a COM server-for example, Excel^(R), Visual Basic^(R), Python, or MATLAB^(R). PHREEQC has been converted to a C++ class, which can be included in programs written in C++. The class also has been compiled in libraries for Linux and Windows that allow PHREEQC to be called from C++, C, and Fortran. A limited set of methods implements the full reaction capabilities of PHREEQC for each module. Input methods use strings or files to define reaction calculations in exactly the same formats used by PHREEQC. Output methods provide a table of user-selected model results, such as concentrations, activities, saturation indices, and densities. The PHREEQC module can add geochemical reaction capabilities to surface-water, groundwater, and watershed transport models. It is possible to store and manipulate solution compositions and reaction information for many cells within the module. In addition, the object-oriented nature of the PHREEQC modules simplifies implementation of parallel processing for reactive-transport models. The PHREEQC COM module may be used in scripting languages to fit parameters; to plot PHREEQC results for field, laboratory, or theoretical investigations; or to develop new models that include simple or complex geochemical calculations.
Preliminary evidence for an association of a dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the MAOA gene with early onset alcoholism/substance abuse

An association between the liability to early onset alcoholism/substance abuse and a recently discovered dinucleotide repeat length polymorphism at the MAOA gene (MAOCA-1) was examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A significant correlation between the presence/absence of the disorder and the length of the MAOCA-1 repeat was found in males, but not females, with {open_quotes}long{close_quotes} alleles (repeat length above 115 bp) associated with both increased risk for the disorder and lower age of onset of substance abuse. These preliminary data suggest that further exploration of the relationship between the MAOA gene and behavioral traits in an expanded sample is warranted. 22 refs., 1 fig., 3 tabs.
Computational model for coupled electron-photon transport in two dimensions

We have developed a method to perform coupled electron-photon calculations in two spatial dimensions using a partial coupling scheme in which electrons produce photons but photons do not produce electrons. A spatial characteristic scheme is used in conjunction with a second order differencing scheme in energy. The multigroup Legendre cross sections are calculated using the cross section generating code CEPXS, which models a large number of electron interactions including elastic scattering from nuclei, inelastic scattering from collisions with atomic electrons, and radiative scattering from nuclei, and photon interactions such as Compton incoherent scattering, photoelectric absorption, and pair interaction. A two-dimensional calculation performed to simulate results from an experiment in which energy deposition depends only on the depth inside the medium compares very favorably with experimental data. Energy deposition profiles are also obtained for monoenergetic electron sources isotropically incident on aluminum and are compared with TIGER Monte Carlo calculations. Agreement between the two sets of calculations is found to be excellent. In summary, we conclude that our computational model is capable of providing very good results for energy deposition due to an incident source of electrons in two-dimensional rectangular geometry. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Constrained Multibody Dynamics Library Within EASY5

Nonlinear multibody dynamics of a constrained mechanical system has been merged into the Boeing EASY5 Engineering Analysis System. This merger completnents EASY5 control modeling and analysis with nonlinear multibody dynamics. The merged tool creates an environtnent for controls and nonlinear dynamics simulation within a single package. It is capable of time simulation with a high-fidelity nonlinear dynamic model, and is also capable of frequency- domain analysis after the model has been linearized at a selected configuration within the EASY5 environment. It can significantly cut down the time reguired in converting models between dynamics and control packages. This merged package has been successfully implemented and applied to various applications.
The pulmonary pathologic manifestations of the CREST syndrome

This report evaluates the histopathologic alterations of a series of 17 patients with the CREST syndrome and relates these alterations to clinical and functional abnormalities. Histologic abnormalities were classified into the following four distinct patterns: pulmonary vascular changes, primarily intimal fibroelastosis, associated with and without pulmonary hypertension; a pattern of fibrosis indistinguishable from usual interstitital pneumonia (UIP); small airways disease; and mixtures of these three patterns. Five patients (29%) had clinical and morphologic pulmonary hypertension, while five others showed mild reductions in diffusing capacity, presumably due to vascular compromise. Five patients had UIP-like interstitial fibrosis, with vascular alterations and restrictive lung disease. Only one patient had small airways disease exclusively. Concentric fibrointimal proliferation and occlusion of arterioles was worse in patients with clinical pulmonary hypertension and interstitial fibrosis of the UIP type, and was not always associated with pulmonary fibrosis. Twenty-one percent of patients developed primary lung carcinomas. The CREST syndrome is unique in the spectrum of pulmonary alterations seen in progressive systemic sclerosis for its high incidence of clinical pulmonary hypertension and propensity for the development of pulmonary carcinomas.
Optimization of gradient reversed phase chromatographic peak capacity for low molecular weight solutes.

a b s t r a c t A general protocol for optimizing peak capacity for the separation of low molecular weight molecules under gradient elution conditions has not yet been developed. By studying the effects of gradient time, flow rate, temperature, final eluent composition, and column length on peak capacity, a protocol has been developed for the optimization of a separation of small molecules such as those seen in metabolomic studies. The strategy developed employs the Linear-Solvent-Strength Theory (LSS Theory) [1] to predict retention, building on an approach for the optimization of the peak capacity of large molecules (peptides) in fixed column format separations [2]. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Ethnic differences in femur geometry in the women's health initiative observational study

Participants in the observational study of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) were studied to determine if ethnic differences in femur geometry can help to explain differences in hip fracture rates. Structural differences in femurs of African and Mexican-American women appear to be consistent with lower rates of hip fractures vs. whites. Ethnic origin has a major influence on hip fractures, but the underlying etiology is unknown. We evaluated ethnic differences in hip fracture rates among 159,579 postmenopausal participants in the WHI then compared femur bone mineral density (BMD) and geometry among a subset with dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of the hip and total body. The subset included 8,206 non-Hispanic whites, 1,476 African-American (AA), 704 Mexican-American (MA), and 130 Native Americans (NA). Femur geometry derived from hip DXA using hip-structure analysis (HSA) in whites was compared to minority groups after adjustment for age, height, weight, percent lean mass, neck-shaft angle and neck length, hormone use, chronic disease (e.g., diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer), bone active medications (e.g., corticosteroids, osteoporosis therapies), and clinical center. Both AA and MA women suffered hip fractures at half the rate of whites while NA appeared to be similar to whites. The structural advantage among AA appears to be due to a slightly narrower femur that requires more bone tissue to achieve similar or lower section moduli (SM) vs. whites. This also underlies their higher BMD (reduces region area) and lower buckling ratios (buckling susceptibility). Both MA and NA women had similar advantages vs. whites at the intertrochanter region where cross-sectional area and SM were higher but with no differences at the neck. NA and MA had smaller bending moments vs. whites acting in a fall on the hip (not significant in small NA sample). Buckling ratios of MA did not differ from whites at any region although NA had 4% lower values at the IT region. Differences in the geometry at the proximal femur are consistent with the lower hip fracture rates among AA and MA women compared to whites.
What Happened to the Crypto Dream?, Part 1

One way to use cryptography for privacy is to tweak various systems to be privacy-preserving. But the more radical cypherpunk movement sought to wield crypto as a weapon of freedom, autonomy, and privacy that would fundamentally and inexorably reshape social, economic, and political power structures. This installment of On the Horizon primarily examines the latter use.
Resection of Tumors of the Ischiorectal Fossa

The ischiorectal fossa, a roughly triangular space in the lower pelvis, is bound by a lateral wall from the obturator internus and its fascia, a medial wall from the lower surface of the levator ani and the anal canal, and an inferior wall from the urogenital diaphragm. The obturator internus arises from the inner (upper) surface of the obturator membrane and the surrounding edge of the obturator foramen. Draped around the ischial ramus, it exits the pelvis through the lesser foramen. A condensation of the obturator fascia, the tendinous arch extending from the obturator foramen anteriorly to the ischial spine posteriorly, provides the origin of the levator ani and splits the surface of the obturator fascia in two portions, the inferior forming the lateral wall of the ischiorectal fossa.
QUAD: Quadrant-based relative location estimates for representative topologies in wireless sensor networks

Sensor networks consist of devices that make various observations in the environment and communicate these observations to a central processing unit from where users can access collected data. In this regard, users' interpretation of collected data highly depends on the reported location of the sensor making an observation. GPS is an established technology to enable precise location information when deployed in open field. Yet, resource constraints and size issues prohibit its use in small sensor nodes that are designed to be cost-efficient. Instead, locations are estimated using a number of approaches. To date, however, the focus of such estimations was based on individual accuracy of sensor locations in isolation to the complete network. In this paper, we discuss problems with such approaches in terms of data management and analysis. We propose a novel location estimation algorithm called QUAD, quadrant-based localization, to enable representative topology information. In particular, QUAD makes use of relative distances from landmark points to determine the quadrant a node resides in and refines estimations according to neighbour provided information. QUAD makes use of uncertainty levels in estimates to further assist data analysis. Our experiment results suggest significant improvements in individual accuracy prior to optional refinements. Drastic improvements are achieved in the overall topology using refinements.
Maturation of fast and slow motor units during synapse elimination in the rabbit soleus muscle.

Abstract In adult mammalian skeletal muscles, fast and slow muscle fibers are selectively innervated by single inputs from corresponding motor neuron types, giving rise to fast and slow motor units. At birth, however, muscle fibers are polyinnervated, and connections between motor neurons and muscle fibers are not as specific as those found in adults. Excess synapses are removed during the first few postnatal weeks. In addition to changes in the degree of polyinnervation, motor unit types undergo maturation in their contractile properties. In this study, we have investigated the maturation of motor unit types during postnatal synapse elimination in the rabbit soleus muscle. The ratio of twitch tension to tetanic tension in a motor unit is an indication of its contractile type. Our results indicate that during synapse elimination, the twitch/tetanus ratios for fast motor units increase while those for slow motor units decrease. The ratio of motor unit tension at polyinnervated ages to that at singly innervated ages has previously been used to estimate the degree of polyinnervation for fast versus slow muscle fibers. We found that twitch and tetanic tension yield conflicting estimates of polyinnervation. This discrepancy was resolved on the basis of intracellular recordings of endplate potentials. Using latencies to endplate potentials as an indicator of muscle fiber type, we found that fast and slow muscle fibers are polyinnervated to a similar extent during both early and intermediate stages of synapse elimination, suggesting that specific tension, and not polyinnervation, changes differently in fast versus slow muscle fibers. These changes ate consistent with those we found in twitch/tetanus ratios. Furthermore, these intracellular recordings suggest a high degree of specificity at birth, which is further refined during synapse elimination.
A Logarithmic Complexity Floating Frame of Reference Formulation with Interpolating Splines for Articulated Multi-Flexible-Body Dynamics

An interpolating spline-based approach is presented for modeling multi-flexible-body systems in the divide-and-conquer (DCA) scheme. This algorithm uses the floating frame of reference formulation and piecewise spline functions to construct and solve the non-linear equations of motion of the multi-flexible-body system undergoing large rotations and translations. The new approach is compared with the flexible DCA (FDCA) that uses the assumed modes method [1]. The FDCA, in many cases, must resort to sub-structuring to accurately model the deformation of the system. We demonstrate, through numerical examples, that the interpolating spline-based approach is comparable in accuracy and superior in efficiency to the FDCA. The present approach is appropriate for modeling flexible mechanisms with thin 1D bodies undergoing large rotations and translations, including those with irregular shapes. As such, the present approach extends the current capability of the DCA to model deformable systems. The algorithm retains the theoretical logarithmic complexity inherent in the DCA when implemented in parallel.
NIPSNAP1 deficient mice exhibit altered liver amino acid, lipid and nucleotide metabolism

4-Nitrophenyl phosphatase domain and non-neuronal SNAP25-like protein homolog1 (NIPSNAP1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein found in a variety of species ranging from C. elegans to human. NIPSNAP1 protein is localized in mitochondria and is highly expressed in liver, brain and kidney. The molecular and cellular roles of NIPSNAP1 are still unknown. To gain insights into the function of NIPSNAP1, we generated a mouse model with a disruption of Nipsnap1 gene and performed metabolomic analysis on their liver tissues. Liver samples from 13 to 15 month old NIPSNAP1 deficient (n = 7) and wild-type (n = 8) mice were extracted and processed for analysis using liquid/gas chromatography followed by mass spectrometry (LC/MS and GC/MS). We examined a total of 291 compounds in liver samples and found 45 compounds whose levels were significantly altered (p < 0.05, Welch’s t test) in NIPSNAP1 deficient mice compared to controls. These compounds were associated with a variety of processes, including metabolism of nucleotides, amino acids and lipids. In addition, we found a significant reduction in reduced glutathione (GSH) (0.63-fold change, p < 0.05) and elevation in cysteine–glutathione disulfide (2.77-fold change, p < 0.05). Our results suggest that NIPSNAP1 deficiency affects multiple processes in intermediate metabolism and results in oxidative stress in the liver.
Groundwater Flow Systems in the Western Phosphate Field in Idaho

Abstract Ralston, D.R. and Williams, R.E., 1979. Groundwater flow systems in the western phosphate field in Idaho. In: W. Back and D.A. Stephenson (Guest-Editors), Contemporary Hydrogeology — The George Burke Maxey Memorial Volume. J. Hydrol., 43: 239-264. The complex geologic setting of the western phosphate field in Idaho provides the environment for equally complex groundwater flow systems. This research was initiated in 1974 to provide general and detailed hydrologic data on specific areas to aid in understanding the water-resource systems in the western phosphate field. Geologic, hydrogeologic and hydrologic data were collected in Little Long Valley and Lower Dry Valley in the Blackfoot River basin. Two groundwater flow systems are important in relation to the present and proposed mining in Little Long Valley: (1) the local shallow flow systems in the western ridge; and (2) the intermediate flow system in the Dinwoody Formation on the eastern ridge. The baseflow of Angus Creek in Little Long Valley is dependent on the groundwater flow systems in both ridges during the first one or two months following snow melt. The baseflow of the stream is almost completely dependent on the intermediate flow system in the eastern ridge for the rest of the year. Three groups of groundwater flow systems have been delineated in the Lower Dry Valley study area: (1) flow systems in the Thaynes and Dinwoody Formations along Schmid Ridge; (2) local flow systems in the shallow unconsolidated material on the east slope of Schmid Ridge; and (3) a Dry Valley—Slug Creek Valley flow system in the Wells Formation. The locations of the springs that discharge from the Thaynes and Dinwoody Formations are largely controlled by the axis of the Schmid Syncline and by small E—W-trending faults. The interbasin Dry Valley—Slug Creek Valley flow system is postulated based upon the geologic configuration formed by the Schmid Syncline, the loss of surface water on the floor of Dry Valley, the downward gradient in groundwater potential in the Phosphoria Formation in Lower Dry Valley and the existence and flow pattern of springs in the Slug Creek Valley. Care must be taken to avoid creating groundwater flow systems in any waste piles constructed as part of the mining activity. Drainage from a waste-pile flow system would probably be poorer quality than water from natural flow systems in the area.
Residue Glu83 Plays a Major Role in Negatively Regulating α-Synuclein Amyloid Formation

Abstract α-Synuclein (α-syn) amyloid filaments are the major ultrastructural component of pathological inclusions that define several neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson disease and other disorders that are collectively termed synucleinopathies. Since the aggregation of α-syn is associated with the etiology of these diseases, defining the molecular elements that influence this process may have important therapeutics implication. The deletions of major portions of the hydrophobic region of α-syn (Δ74–79 and Δ71–82) impair the ability to form amyloid. However, mutating residue E83 to an A restored the ability of these proteins to form amyloid. Additionally supporting an inhibitory role of residue E83 on amyloid formation, mutating this residue to an A enhanced amyloid formation in the presence of small molecule inhibitors, such as dopamine and EGCG. Our data, therefore, suggest that the presence and placement of the highly charged E83 residue plays a significant inhibitory role in α-syn amyloid formation and these findings provide important insights in the planning of therapeutic agents that may be capable of preventing α-syn amyloid formation.
Muscle pioneers: large mesodermal cells that erect a scaffold for developing muscles and motoneurones in grasshopper embryos

During embryonic development, muscles differentiate in the appropriate places and motoneurone growth cones find the appropriate muscles; both events occur concurrently and with remarkable specificity. What are the cellular interactions that orchestrate this coordinated development of nerve and muscle? In the development of vertebrate skeletal muscles, motoneurone growth cones arrive in the periphery along stereotyped routes and enter the appropriately located masses of mesodermal cells usually before differentiated muscle fibres appear and before the masses cleave into separate muscles. We find that a similar sequence of events occurs in the grasshopper embryo. We are interested in how mesodermal cells become organized into the appropriate muscles and what guides motoneurone growth cones to their appropriate targets. Fortunately, in the grasshopper embryo the mesodermal cells in the periphery and motoneurones in the central nervous system (CNS) are large, accessible and in many cases individually identifiable from early in their development. We report here the discovery of a class of large mesodermal cells, which we call muscle pioneers, that arise early in development when the embryonic environment is relatively simple and distances short. By their growth and association with particular sites along the ectoderm, the muscle pioneers appear to erect a scaffold for later developing muscles and motoneurone growth cones.
Electronic structure, spectroscopy, and photochemistry of group 8 metallocenes

Abstract Spectral and photochemical studies of ferrocene, ruthenocene, and several of their benzoyl-substituted derivatives have provided valuable information about the electronic structures and excited state reactivities of these group 8 metallocenes. The presence of a benzoyl group on one or both cyclopentadienyl rings of the metallocene strongly influences the electronic transitions observed in the UV–vis spectral region. While the parent complexes display low-intensity, solvent-insensitive ligand field absorption bands, the monobenzoyl and 1,1′-dibenzoyl derivatives exhibit bands that are much more intense and sensitive to the solution environment. This behavior results from the mixing of appreciable metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) character into the low-energy excited states of the benzoyl-substituted complexes. Resonance Raman data lend strong support to this MLCT assignment. Irradiation of a metallocene dissolved in ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate results in the anionic polymerization of the electrophilic monomer. Studies of the kinetics and mechanism of this photoinitiated polymerization process reveal that it occurs by two competing charge transfer-induced pathways, the relative importance of which depends upon the identity of the metal and the presence or absence of the benzoyl substituent.
Profiling capacity for coordination and systems change: the relative contribution of stakeholder relationships in interorganizational collaboratives

In response to increasing demands for greater coordination and collaboration among community institutions, interorganizational collaboratives (i.e., coalitions, partnerships, coordinating councils) have emerged as a popular mechanism for strengthening the capacity of a community system to respond to public and social issues. This study adopts a network approach to explore the relative importance of dense networks of cooperative relationships among members of interorganizational collaboratives for two outcomes of effectiveness: improving interorganizational coordination and fostering systems change. Based on survey and social network data collected from 48 different collaboratives, findings indicate that, relative to other key characteristics of collaboratives identified in previous literature, cooperative stakeholder relationships were the strongest predictor of systems change outcomes. However, for coordination outcomes, stakeholder relationships were overshadowed in importance by the leadership and decision making capacity of the collaborative. Collectively, findings suggest key differences in the requisite capacity profiles for coordination and systems change outcomes.
A branch-and-price approach for large-scale employee tour scheduling problems

We present a new methodology for solving large-scale employee tour scheduling problems. An integer programming model is proposed where tours are decomposed into shifts and start times. This formulation can model complex shift and start time rules for both continuous and discontinuous scheduling problems. A branch-and-price approach is devised to solve this model efficiently. The methodology was tested on the largest tour scheduling problems found in the open literature. In comparison with an alternative implicit model, our approach showed superior computational performance.
The next 10 years in the treatment of pelvic infections

Abstract The future developments in the treatment of pelvic infections in women are based on recent changes. There is an expanded knowledge of the complex multibacterial nature of pelvic infections, the clinical view of salpingitis has radically changed, and there have been great modifications in antibiotic treatment strategies with particular emphasis on anaerobes and Chlamydia. In the next 10 years, the following new developments may be expected. In the diagnosis of pelvic infection, there will be new efforts to have better clinical tests and the use of nonspecific and specific laboratory tests. The rapid identification of Neisseria gonorrhea, group B beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, Chlamydia, and Bacteroldes fragills would be an important laboratory aid. The treatment of pelvic infection will not be significantly altered by the introduction of new antibiotics. There will be an emphasis on new combinations of currently available antibiotics and studies that focus on the long-term follow-up of treated patients. In the understanding of the pathophysiology of pelvic infections, the importance of the spermatozoa as a carrier of bacteria and the potent immunosuppression due to seminal fluid will be investigated In detail, along with a greater emphasis on treatment of the male.
Real-world performance of MCA-PSV for the detection of fetal anemia

KRISTIINA PARVIAINEN, HILARY S. GAMMILL, LYNDON HILL, University of Pittsburgh, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania OBJECTIVE: Middle cerebral artery peak systolic doppler velocimetry (MCA-PSV) has been rapidly accepted as the standard approach for the detection of fetal anemia. Validation of MCA-PSV, however, is based on studies designed to explicitly compare MCA-PSV immediately prior to cordocentesis or delivery. We sought to examine the real-world performance of MCA-PSV in clinical practice at a tertiary care center. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective review, following IRB approval, of all women undergoing fetalMCA-PSVatMagee-WomensHospital for risk of isoimmunization from January 1, 2000 to March 1, 2006. We abstracted demographic information, anemia risk factors, ultrasounds, maternal and neonatal outcomes. We evaluated the prediction of severe anemia (hemoglobin !7 gm/dl or intrauterine transfusion), by the acceptedMCA-PSV threshold of O1.55multiples of themedian (MOM) as established byMari et al. RESULTS: We studied 75 women with 81 pregnancies with MCA-PSV studies. 31 of the 75 pregnancies had a neonatal or cordocentesis hemoglobin documented within 7 days of MCA-PSV. In these 31 cases, MCA-PSV O1.55 MOM detected severe anemia with 77.7% sensitivity and 86.4% specificity. The PPV was 70%, and the NPV was 90.4%. In order to assess the utility of following trends in MCA-PSV, we calculated test performance characteristics for a 50% increase in MCA-PSV MOM above baseline on the examination immediately preceding delivery or cordocentesis. For 29 pregnancies, serial examinations for trend in MCA-PSV were available. This showed a sensitivity of 57% and a specificity of 95%. CONCLUSION: MCA-PSV performs well in clinical settings for the detection of fetal anemia in pregnancies at risk for isoimmunization. Some investigators have suggested that a trend in MCA-PSV may be more clinically useful than a single point estimate. However, our results suggest that caution should be used with such an approach, as the improvement in specificity comes at the cost of decreased sensitivity.
Mass Removal and Low-Concentration Tailing of Trichloroethene in Freshly-Amended, Synthetically-Aged, and Field-Contaminated Aquifer Material

This study investigates the effect of contaminant aging on the sorption/desorption and transport of trichloroethene in a low organic-carbon content aquifer material, comparing mass removal and long-term, low-concentration elution tailing for field-contaminated, synthetically-aged (contact times of approximately four years), and freshly-amended aquifer material. Elution of trichloroethene exhibited extensive low-concentration tailing, despite minimal retention of trichloroethene by the aquifer material. The observed nonideal transport behavior of trichloroethene is attributed primarily to rate-limited sorption/desorption, with a smaller contribution from nonlinear sorption. It is hypothesized that interaction with physically condensed carbonaceous material, comprising 61% of the aquifer material’s organic-carbon content, mediates the retention behavior of trichloroethene. The elution behavior of trichloroethene for the field-contaminated and aged treatments was essentially identical to that observed for the fresh treatments. In addition, the results of three independent mass-balance analyses, total mass eluted, solvent-extraction analysis of residual sorbed mass, and aqueous-phase concentration rebounds following stop-flow experiments, showed equivalent recoveries for the aged and fresh treatments. These results indicate that long-term contaminant aging did not significantly influence the retention and transport of trichloroethene in this low organic-carbon aquifer material.
Periodontal status of patients with abnormalities of the immune system. II. Observations over a 2-year period.

Patients with IgA deficiency and agammaglobulinemia were pair-matched to immunocompetent subjects by age and Plaque Index. Clinical examinations performed initially and after 2 years included the Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Periodontal Disease Index, caries experience (DMF-T) and full mouth radiographie surveys. Therapy during the 2-year period included oral hygiene instructions, prophylaxis and indicated restorative treatment. Immunodeficient patients manifested consistently lower levels of gingival inflammation than matched immunocompetent patients at both examination periods. Caries experience of immunodeficient patients was also less during the study interval, and five of these patients demonstrated DMFT scores of zero. No developmental abnormalities, acute gingival or mucosal lesions, or attachment loss associated with periodontitis was observed in either group.
Modeling the interaction of peroxynitrite with low-density lipoproteins. III: the role of antioxidants.

Peroxynitrite is a candidate for the substance responsible for the initiation of peroxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in blood. This is believed to be the initial step in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. Using kinetic arguments, this paper examines possible routes in both LDL particles and in the surrounding plasma for antioxidants to block peroxidation. The antioxidants considered include ascorbate ion, glutathione and human serum albumin in plasma as well as alpha -tocopherol, ubiquinone-10 and carotenoids in the LDL particles. The results suggest that in the plasma compartment the most efficacious blocking mechanism is the reaction of ascorbate ion with the peroxynitrite precursor, superoxide ion. The situation in LDL particles is much less clear cut because of the paucity of kinetic data in this medium. However, some constraints are suggested on the requirements for an effective antioxidant.
Differences in Processing Information among Psychology Course Grade Groups

Scores on the Inventory of Learning Process scales were analyzed for 86 students enrolled in freshman-level psychology classes who obtained course grades of A, B, C, or D. Analysis showed significant differences in scores on the Deep Processing and Study Methods scales between students with grades of A and students with grades of B, C, and D, respectively, and on the Elaborative Processing scale between students with grades of A and students with grades of C and D, respectively.
Evaluation of a hypertension medication therapy management program in patients with diabetes

Objective To evaluate the effect of a 9-month community pharmacy–based medication therapy management (MTM) program on quality of care in patients with diabetes and hypertension. Design Randomized controlled trial. Setting Tulsa, OK, between November 2005 and July 2007. Patients 52 patients with diabetes and hypertension who were enrolled in a managed care organization. Intervention During monthly visits, intervention group participants received MTM services for hypertension and diabetes management. Main outcome measures Systolic blood pressure (SBP), percentage at goal blood pressure ( Results The mean intervention group SBP decreased 17.32mm Hg, whereas the mean control group SBP level increased 2.73mm Hg ( P = 0.003). The percentage of patients at goal blood pressure increased from 16.0% to 48.0% in the intervention group and decreased from 20.0% to 6.67% in the control group. Intervention group participants were 12.92 times more likely than control group participants to achieve goal blood pressure ( P = 0.021). Although the mean adherence rate in the intervention group increased 7.0% while remaining fairly constant in the control group (−0.7%), this group difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion A community pharmacy–based hypertension MTM program was effective in improving blood pressure control among managed care enrollees with diabetes and hypertension. Community pharmacists are strategically positioned to provide MTM services and effectively communicate with providers to improve quality of care for patients.