cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Field analysis for a SMES magnet with radial force balance

The old concept of a radial force balanced coil is examined by calculating the magnetic force distribution from well known exact solutions of the quasi static magnetic field equations. The derived coil geometry is very nearly a torus of a circular cross section. The outside field has the distribution of a single poloidal line current which is a virtual image of a poloidal current sheet on the coil surface that terminates the outside field. The inside field is from a toroidal surface current that terminates the inside field. The J/spl times/B forces are all normal to the current sheets. The magnitudes of the current sheets are adjusted for radial force balance. For a radius ratio of 0.121, the resultant normal force is outward and uniform to about 4%. Thus a simple hoop structure around the minor circumference will support the coil. Vector addition of the two current sheets gives a helical surface current on the surface of the torus. >
The structure of the lunar surface as indicated by the geometry of impact craters

Penetration depth of hypervelocity impact craters photographed by Luna and Ranger vehicles indicate granular lunar surface
The Pseudo-obstructed Bladder in Enuretic Children

In a minority of enuretic children with severe day symptoms, and especially when there is urinary infection, there a bladder diverticula and trabeculation and possbily also harmful vesicoureteric reflux which suggest the presence of an infravesical obstruction. However, in 11 children with this syndrome who underwent urodynamic studies, no anatomical or functional obstruction was demonstrable. It is contended that the obstructive signs are the result of uninhibited detrusor contractions being voluntarily resisted by contraction of the external urethral sphincter so that abnormallay high intravesical pressures result. Management involves the use of detrusor-inhibitory drugs. Ureteric reimplantation may be needed for reflux. In the majority of cases symptoms improve with time but the bladder diverticula persist.
Superresolved image reconstruction of images taken through the turbulent atmosphere

Superresolved image reconstruction is demonstrated by use of multiple images taken through atmospheric turbulence under photon-limited conditions. An iterative reconstruction algorithm applies estimate-maximize techniques to a series of short-exposure images of the desired object scene along with the corresponding image sequence of a guide star. Simulations show that estimates of the Fourier components both below and above the diffraction limit are improved at successive iterations. The estimated images give finer detail of the original object than does the diffraction-limited image. Effects of photon-noise levels on restoration performance are investigated, and a modification to the reconstruction algorithm is derived that accounts for the effects of CCD read noise.
Electrocardiographic pill for cattle heart rate determination

Decreased agricultural profit margins and recent bioterrorism concerns have led to an increased interest in monitoring livestock health. Heart rate and core body temperature are traditional vital parameters for cattle health assessment, as they provide warnings for illness and disease. However, obtaining these data in the field is time and labor intensive, which speaks to the need for solutions that provide continuous and automatic acquisition of these parameters. This paper presents the design of a pill that can remain in an animal's reticulum and use electrocardiographic techniques to ascertain heart rate. The wired prototype has been tested with a fistulated steer. These tests demonstrate that consistent heart vector data can be acquired even in the presence of animal movement and rumination. After minor processing, these signals are suitable for use with peak detection circuitry that can automate heart rate determination.
Ovarian follicular dynamics in the llama.

Ovarian follicular dynamics were determined in adult llamas by ultrasonography and palpation per rectum and hormone analysis (estradiol-17D and estrogen conjugates) of plasma and urine. The relationship of gonadotropin secretion to follicular development was determined by the analysis of plasma FSH and LH concentrations. Progesterone analysis of plasma was used to verify or deny the presence of CL Final follicular development (from 3 mm) averaged 4.8 days, while the duration of the mature follicle (8-12 mm) averaged 5.0 days; regression of the follicle occurred over about 4 days. The development of a subsequent dominant follicle usually began within 2-3 days after onset of regression of the dominant follicle. While several follicles were present at the time of the demise of the dominant follicle, only one follicle continued to develop. The interval between ovarian follicle waves averaged 11.1 days. Dominant fofficle activity alternated between ovaries in 81% of the cycles. The occurrence of dominant fofficles was evenly distributed between ovaries. While plasma estradiol and estrogen conjugate concentrations were positively associated (p < 0.05) with follicular activity, urinary estrogen conjugate concentrations best reflected ovarian follicular dynamics (p < 0.001). Daily FSH concentrations in plasma were not correlated with follicular activity. LH concentrations in plasma were low in all animals throughout the study, indicating estrogen from developing ovarian follicles does not induce the release of UI. Progesterone values were low during the study, indicating that the llama does not spontaneously ovulate, at least under the conditions of this study. In summary, llamas have overlapping ovarian follicle waves that occur at about 11 .day intervals. A new dominant follicle begins to develop within a few days of the onset of regression of the dominant follicle.
Accounting Issues: An Essay Series Part I - Introduction To Accounting Theory And Cash

Recent accounting scandals challenge academics to refocus the educational process on the theoretical underpinnings of accounting. This is the first in a series of articles designed to facilitate this realignment. Intended as a supplement for the introductory accounting course, the essay series connects each of the primary accounting elements to the essential theoretical constructs, discusses the inherent tradeoffs and measurement dilemmas involved, describes newsworthy examples of “accounting gone bad,” and offers a brief bibliography for further investigation should students (or professors) choose to research the element in more depth. Accounting instructors may elect to include the entire series if time permits or may select articles committed only to certain topics; each essay is designed to stand independently, with only the current article as required preparation.
DUCHA: A New Dual-Channel MAC Protocol for Multihop Ad Hoc Networks

IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol has been the standard for wireless LANs and is also implemented in many simulation software for mobile ad hoc networks. However, IEEE 802.11 MAC has been shown to be quite inefficient in the multihop mobile environments. Besides the well-known hidden terminal problem and the exposed terminal problem, there also exists the receiver blocking problem, which may result in link/routing failures and unfairness among multiple flows. Moreover, the contention and interference from the upstream and downstream nodes seriously decrease the packet delivery ratio of mulitihop flows. All these problems could lead to the "explosion" of control packets and poor throughput performance. In this paper, we first analyze these anomaly phenomena in multihop mobile ad hoc networks. Then, we present a novel effective random medium access control (MAC) protocol based on IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol. The new MAC protocol uses an out-of-band busy tone and two communication channels, one for control frames and the other for data frames, and can give a comprehensive solution to all the aforementioned problems. Extended simulations demonstrate that our protocol provides a much more stable link layer, greatly improves the spatial reuse, and works effectively in reducing the packet collisions. It improves the throughput by up to 20% for one-hop flows and by up to 5 times for multihop flows under heavy traffic comparing to the IEEE 802.11 MAC
Kolmogorov n-widths and wavelet representations for signal classes

We address the problem of basis selection and wavelet representations for two important signal classes: the ellipsoidal signal class and the bounded cone class. We define time-frequency concentrated signals in this paper as the class of signals whose Wigner distributions are concentrated in some region of the Wigner domain. We use the concept of the Kolmogorov n-width and the constrained n-width to quantitatively measure the ability of a basis to represent a signal class. We select the best wavelet representation by comparing the constrained widths of different wavelet bases. Explicit formulas are given to compute the Kolmogorov n-width for both signal models. A globally convergent algorithm is proposed to calculate the constrained n-width for a given basis.
Anatomy and physiology of the extensor apparatus of the toes.

Based on the dissection of thirty fresh cadaver feet, a description of the dorsal apparatus of the toes is presented. This extensor complex is formed by a proximal segment, the extensor sling, and a distal segment, the extensor hood. The dorsiflexion action of the long extensor tendon on the proximal phalanx is made possible by a dual mechanism: the extensor sling and the direct attachment of the tendon on the capsule of the metatarsophalangeal joint. The action of the intrinsic muscles is explained by their contribution to the dorsal apparatus. Of particular interest is the sling mechanism for flexion of the proximal phalanx by the pull of the lumbrical.
MECHANISMS OF HABITAT SELECTION BY THE HISPID COTTON RAT (SIGMODON HISPIDUS)

The Texas coastal prairie is composed of habitat patches characterized by monocots, dicots, or a mixture of both plant types. Radiotelemetry revealed that reproductive female hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) preferred mixed habitats and avoided dicot habitats, whereas males did not show a preference. Such habitat selection can be attained by shorter distances moved or increased turning (i.e., area-restricted search). Reproductive females, but not males, moved shorter distances in mixed habitats. However, turns relative to straight-ahead movements for females, but not males, were fewer in mixed habitats than in monocot or dicot habitats suggesting directed foraging rather than area-restricted search. To obtain necessary amounts of nutrients, especially carbohydrates, protein, phosphorus, and calcium, reproductive females ingest both monocots and dicots. Directed movement may facilitate foraging for dicots because these food items occur in clumps in mixed habitats. Because their nutritional needs are less than those of females, males do not exhibit the same patterns of habitat selection. Differential patch occupancy was not explained by overhead plant cover, but more bare ground in dicot habitats may explain avoidance of these habitat types because of increased predation risk.
Influence of Type of Judge, Normative Information, and Discussion on Standards Recommended for the National Teacher Examinations

There are few empirical investigations of the consequences of using widely recommended data collection procedures in conjunction with a specific standardsetting method such as the Angoff (1971) procedure. Such recommendations include the use of several types of judges, the provision of normative information on examinees' test performance, and the opportunity to discuss and reconsider initial recommendations in an iterative standard-setting procedure. This study of 236 expert judges investigated the effects of using these recommended procedures on (a) average recommended test standards, (b) the variability of recommended test standards, and (c) the reliability of recommended standards for seven subtests of the National Teacher Examinations Communication Skills and General Knowledge Tests. Small, but sometimes statistically significant, changes in mean recommended test standards were observed when judges were allowed to reconsider their initial recommendations following review of normative information and discussion. Means for public school judges changed more than did those for college or university judges. In addition, there was a significant reduction in the within-group variability of standards recommended for several subtests. Methods for estimating the reliability of recommended test standards proposed by Kane and Wilson (1984) were applied, and their hypothesis of positive covariation between empirical item difficulties and mean recommended standards was confirmed. The data collection procedures examined in this study resulted in substantial increases in the reliability of recommended test standards.
The child's entry into the symbolic order: a developmental‐societal interpretation of Jacques Lacan

Lacan's psychoanalytic insights, as found primarily in his 1964 seminar “The four fundamental concepts of psychoanalysis” are interpreted within a social-developmental framework. Using Piaget's theory of a structural transition from action logic to object logic I recast (1) Lacan's signifying function as a new competence emerging around age two and (2) the “Other” as the general content/context of this newness, namely the child's grasp of a societal-symbolic order. The child's entry into that order is described as inherently linked to sexuality, desire and the unconscious and as accompanied by feelings of alienation and separation. Insofar as the desire of the unconscious is toward the “Other” Lacan seems to support my claim of an endogenous origin of the societal order.
Implementing a Cohesive Zone Interface in a Diamond-Coated Tool for 2D Cutting Simulations

Coating-substrate interface properties and deposition residual stresses may have significant effects on diamond-coated tool performance. However, it is still distant to understand how the interface mechanical behavior and deposition residual stress together influence the diamond-coated tool thermo-mechanical behavior during machining. In this study, a 2D cutting simulation incorporating deposition residual stresses and an interface cohesive zone model has been developed to demonstrate the feasibility of evaluating coating delamination of a diamond-coated tool during cutting.It has been shown that even the residual deposition stresses alone may result in crack initiations in the cohesive zone (i.e., the interface). In addition, the study further demonstrates that the feasibility of implementing cohesive zone interface in a diamond-coated tool in 2D cutting simulation. An example of cohesive failure occurred in the cutting simulation is shown. The result shows a large uncut chip thickness can cause cohesive delamination during cutting.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Effect of dopamine and neuroleptics on plasma growth hormone and prolactin in normal men

Abstract (1) This study investigates further the locus of action of dopamine (DA) and DA antagonists in affecting growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion in normal subjects. (2) Each of three normal men was tested twice with a continuous DA infusion (0.3 mg/min) over 90 min. (3) Mean plasma GH concentration was significantly ( p
Pulmonary and systemic vasodilator responses to the soluble guanylyl cyclase stimulator, BAY 41-8543, are modulated by nitric oxide

BAY 41-8543 is a nitric oxide (NO)-independent stimulator of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Responses to intravenous injections of BAY 41-8543 were investigated under baseline and elevated tone co...
The type III TGF-β receptor betaglycan transmembrane-cytoplasmic domain fragment is stable after ectodomain cleavage and is a substrate of the intramembrane protease γ-secretase.

Abstract The Type III TGF-β receptor, betaglycan, is a widely expressed proteoglycan co-receptor for TGF-β superfamily ligands. The full-length protein undergoes ectodomain cleavage with release of a soluble ectodomain fragment. The fate of the resulting transmembrane–cytoplasmic fragment, however, has never been explored. We demonstrate here that the transmembrane–cytoplasmic fragment is stable in transfected cells and in cell lines expressing endogenous betaglycan. Production of this fragment is inhibited by the ectodomain shedding inhibitor TAPI-2. Treatment of cells with inhibitors of the intramembrane protease γ-secretase stabilizes this fragment, suggesting that it is a substrate of γ-secretase. Expression of the transmembrane–cytoplasmic fragment as well as γ-secretase inhibitor stabilization are independent of TGF-β1 or -β2 and are unaffected by mutation of the cytoplasmic domain serines that undergo phosphorylation. γ-Secretase inhibition or the expression of a transmembrane–cytoplasmic fragment in HepG2 cells blunted TGF-β2 signaling. Our findings thus suggest that the transmembrane–cytoplasmic fragment remaining after betaglycan ectodomain cleavage is stable and a substrate of γ-secretase, which may have significant implications for the TGF-β signaling response.
Has NCLB Encouraged Educational Triage? Accountability and the Distribution of Achievement Gains

AbstractThe No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) has been criticized for encouraging schools to neglect students whose performance exceeds the proficiency threshold or lies so far below it that there is no reasonable prospect of closing the gap during the current year. We examine this hypothesis using longitudinal data from 2002–03 through 2005–06. Our identification strategy relies on the fact that as NCLB was phased in, states had some latitude in designating which grades were to count for purposes of a school making adequate yearly progress. We compare the mathematics achievement distribution in a grade before and after it became a high-stakes grade. We find in general no evidence that gains were concentrated on students near the proficiency standard at the expense of students scoring much lower, though there are inconsistent signs of a trade-off with students at the upper end of the distribution.
The Federal Circuit’s Cruise to Uncharted Waters: How Patent Protection for Algorithms and Business Methods May Sink the UCITA and State Intellectual Property Protection

Over the last few years, the Federal Circuit has reinterpreted the scope of the patent law to expand the types of inventions that are eligible for patent protection. This was achieved by either eliminating or highly restricting long-standing rules that had excluded from patentability inventions based on novel "mathematical" algorithms or business methodologies. Today, under the Federal Circuit's current patent jurisprudence, both can be the point of novelty within an invention. Thus, both are ensconced within the scope of patent. By expanding the breadth of patentability, however, the Federal Circuit has impliedly expanded the scope of the preemption of state law by the policies expressed in the federal intellectual property laws. In particular, this expanding scope of protection suggests that automatically operating state intellectual property laws, include some aspects of the newly proposed Uniform Computer Information Transaction Act (UCITA), will not be allowed to operate as they contradict federal patent policy.
Same Sex Marriage, Conflicts of Law, and the Unconstitutional Public Policy Exception

In the wake of Hawaii court decisions that may lead to the legalization of same-sex marriages in that state, there has been debate about whether other states are obligated to recognize such marriages validly performed in Hawaii. Congress stepped in to settle the issue, adopting the "Defense of Marriage Act" (DOMA), which permits a state to refuse recognition to the law or judgment of another state respecting same-sex marriage. This paper argues that DOMA was unnecessary under existing law, which permits states to ignore the law of another state if that law violates forum "public policy." The paper goes on to argue, however, that existing law is unconstitutional: the Full Faith and Credit Clause prohibits states from selectively discriminating in choice of law based on judgments about the quality of other states' policies. This reinterpretation of full faith and credit renders unconstitutional both the public policy exception and the "better law" approach to conflicts that is used in some states. It follows that states must rely on DOMA if they wish to deny recognition to Hawaii law. The paper argues, however, that DOMA, too, is unconstitutional. While the Constitution permits Congress to define the "Effect" one state's laws or judgments shall have in another state, this power was conferred to enable Congress to refine and implement the basic obligation of full faith and credit. It does not confer power to relieve states of their responsibilities under the Full Faith and Credit Clause.
Arachidonic acid both inhibits and enhances whole cell calcium currents in rat sympathetic neurons.

We recently reported that arachidonic acid (AA) inhibits L- and N-type Ca2+ currents at positive test potentials in the presence of the dihydropyridine L-type Ca2+ channel agonist (+)-202-791 in di...
SNAP Recency and Educational Outcomes

The largest food assistance program in the U.S. and an important part of the U.S. safety net, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) provides cash-like benefits to low-income individuals and families to use only for purchasing food. Understanding how SNAP benefit receipt affects children and families is crucial to both research and policy efforts aimed at supporting the healthy development of low-income children. This paper links the timing of SNAP benefit receipt to children’s end-of-grade (EOG) achievement test scores in North Carolina (NC). Using administrative data from the NC Departments of Public Instruction and Health and Human Services, we analyze the recency of SNAP benefit transfer and children’s test scores for over 148,000 SNAP-receiving public school students. Results indicate differences in students’ EOG performance in both reading and math based on the recency of SNAP benefit transfer. Although the relationship is stronger for reading than for math, the relationship between students’ test scores and SNAP receipt appears to be roughly curvilinear. Test scores peak in the third week following benefit transfer.
Phonon Dispersion and Kohn Anomaues in the Alloy Cu0.84Al0.16

We have made detailed measurements of phonon frequencies along all high-symmetry directions on a large single crystal of Cu0.84Al0.16 at room temperature. Phonon frequencies were ascertained to better than ±0.03 meV. Inter-atomic force constants and vibrational density of states were calculated by performing a Born-von Karman analysis on the complete set of phonon dispersion curves. In contrast to the case of pure Cu, no evident Kohn anomaly (neither in the phonon dispersion itself nor in the derivatives) was observed near the expected wave vector q=2kF. The absence of Kohn anomalies in the present system could be due either to a smeared out Fermi surface or to the possibility that the electron-electron interaction which screens the inter-ionic potential is not the dominant interaction in the system; i.e. the existence of Kohn anomalies in these alloys may depend mainly on the details of the electron-phonon interaction.
Substrate and Thickness Effects on the Oxygen Surface Exchange of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 Thin Films

Substrate- and thickness-related effects on the oxygen surface exchange of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSM) thin films were investigated to understand better cathode reactivity in solid oxide fuel cells. Epitaxial (100)-oriented LSM films were fabricated on (100)-SrTiO3 and (110)-NdGaO3 substrates and were characterized using electrical conductivity relaxation. A strong substrate effect on the chemical surface exchange coefficient (kchem) was observed, with a higher kchem found for films on SrTiO3 than those on NdGaO3. Two distinct activation energies (Ea) were observed for kchem, which were assigned to two parallel exchange processes; the relative contributions from each depended on the substrate, film thickness, and temperature. For films coherently strained to the substrates, kchem values differed by almost an order of magnitude, whereas Ea was ∼1.5 (± 0.1) eV on both substrates. For relaxed films, kchem values differed only by a factor of 2, and Ea was ∼0.75 (± 0.1) eV on both substrates. We discuss the strain ef...
Drying magnesia refractories with the flue gas of the tunnel kiln

Experiments at the Magnezit Plant confirmed the feasibility of drying magnesia refractories with the flue gas in the first positions of a tunnel kiln. Drying the refractories in the section where the flue gas is tapped off does not result in more rejects or in degradation of the properties of the fired products. Compounding the processes of drying and firing magnesia refractories in a single unit, viz., the tunnel kiln, makes it possible to dispense with the driers the freed floorspace of which can be used for installing equipment for mechanizing the loading of the products on the kiln trucks.
Investigating the Potential Influence of the Internet as a New Socialization Agent in Context with Other Traditional Socialization Agents

To explore how marketing practices should be adapted to today's technology-driven culture, this study investigated the differences in the socialization of gender and two generational cohorts, using the established agents of parents, peers, and traditional mass media, in conjunction with the Internet as a potentially new and important socialization agent. The findings suggest that normative (parents, peers, and the Internet) influences affect Generation Y more than Generation X. Conversely, as this study found, informative influences of parents, traditional media, and in particular, the Internet affect Generation X. Furthermore, the findings show that the Internet is an important normative socialization agent influencing men, while it acts as an informative socialization agent for women.
A Dynamic Threshold Approach to Fault Detection in Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles

The integration of UAVs into civil airspace is hampered by the inability to asses and guarantee safety and reliability properties of these systems. The paper outlines a software oriented approach for the real-time detection of faults in multi-modal hybrid systems. Online model generation of continuous variables enables the detection of multiple faults, while managing computational complexity. The aileron control loop and propulsive system of a UAV using a Piccolo Plus autopilot are examined. A theoretical upper bound for the detection threshold for the ”stuck aileron” fault is derived. This enables the dynamic selection of the optimal threshold, in terms of false alarms, over a range of maneuvers in an online manner. The development of several independent models for the calculation of the propulsion system residual that use diverse and redundant data sources, allows for the diagnosis of several distinct faults via multiple thresholds on a single residual in a concurrent fashion. The use of simplified models under enforceable assumptions enables the online implementation of the proposed FDI system. Simulation data is presented to illustrate that it is possible to eliminate missed detections while reducing the rate of false alarms. The performance of the proposed FDI algorithm for the propulsion system was validated experimentally for the engine failure fault.
Screening for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in a Civilian Emergency Department Population with Traumatic Brain Injury.

Abstract Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). While the importance of PTSD and TBI among military personnel is widely recognized, there is less awareness of PTSD associated with civilian TBI. We examined the incidence and factors associated with PTSD 6 months post-injury in a civilian emergency department population using measures from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke TBI Common Data Elements Outcome Battery. Participants with mild TBI (mTBI) from the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury Pilot study with complete 6-month outcome batteries (n = 280) were analyzed. Screening for PTSD symptoms was conducted using the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version. Descriptive measures are summarized and predictors for PTSD were examined using logistic regression. Incidence of screening positive for PTSD was 26.8% at 6 months following mTBI. Screening positive for PTSD was significantly associated with ...
Magnetic Properties of Metals and Alloys

Abstract This chapter introduces metals and alloys used for soft and hard magnets. Alloy development illustrates the materials vparadigm of synthesis → structure → properties → performance relationships. Development is motivated by intrinsic materials properties, such as saturation induction and Curie temperature. Advancement of alloys for applications involves optimizing extrinsic properties, such as remanent induction and coercivity by processing to achieve suitable microstructures. Magnetic hysteresis is useful in permanent magnets where we wish to store a large metastable magnetization. For soft magnets, small hysteresis losses per cycle are desirable. Metals and alloys for soft and hard magnetic materials now are ubiquitous in many magnetic applications in bulk, powder, nanocrystal and thin film forms.
Abstract SY03-01: Macrophage PI3Kgamma drives cancer immune suppression

Innate immune cells can switch from a proinflammatory state that defends against pathogens and to an anti-inflammatory state that repairs damaged tissue. Proinflammatory myeloid cells activate cytotoxic T cells to eliminate pathogens, but anti-inflammatory myeloid cells inhibit T-cell-mediated immunity, stimulate angiogenesis, and stimulate fibrosis, all of which promote tumor progression. The predominant isoform of PI(3)Kinase in myeloid cells, PI3Kgamma, controls this switch between immune stimulation and immune suppression during inflammation and cancer. Myeloid cell PI3Kgamma and its effectors Akt1, mTor, and S6Kinase stimulate C/EBPbeta-dependent expression of immunosuppressive factors, including Arginase and TGFbeta, while also suppressing NFkappaB-dependent expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL12 and IFNgamma, thereby inducing tumor immune suppression and consequent tumor growth and metastasis. In contrast, inhibition of PI3Kgamma activity by genetic or pharmacological means suppresses C/EPBbeta-mediated transcription of anti-inflammatory factors and stimulates NFkappaB-mediated transcription of the proinflammatory cytokines IL12 and IFNgamma, thereby restoring CD8+ T-cell-dependent cytotoxicity that inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, inhibitory targeting of PI3Kgamma indirectly restores cytotoxic T-cell immune responses that elicit tumor suppression without unwanted side effects. Our studies highlight the strong therapeutic potential of targeting this kinase to control inflammation and cancer. This work was supported by grants to JAV from the NIH (5R01CA126820), the Landon Foundation-AACR (12-60-27-VARN), the Lustgarten Foundation for Pancreatic Research and the Whitworth Foundation for Cancer Research. Citation Format: Judith A. Varner. Macrophage PI3Kgamma drives cancer immune suppression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr SY03-01.
Photon-HDF5: An Open File Format for Timestamp-Based Single-Molecule Fluorescence Data

During the past 20 years, an ever-growing number of techniques for single-molecule fluorescence experiments have emerged. While camera-based experiments use tiff or raw binary formats for data storage, photon-counting-based experiments uses a plethora of setup-dependent custom file formats.This situation hinders the ability to reproduce published results, creates barriers to data sharing and collaborations between different groups.Moreover, in light of the recent push by most funding agencies and scientific journals toward mandatory data sharing, the need for a common, general-purpose file format for publication and long term archival becomes even more pressing.Enters Photon-HDF5, an open file format for the diverse pool of timestamp-based single-molecule fluorescence experiments. Photon-HDF5 (www.photon-hdf5.org) is open, language- and platform-independent and based on the highly successful HDF5 format. Each data field in a Photon-HDF5 file has a self-contained description that can be accessed with user-friendly HDF5 viewers such as HDFView, making the format self-describing. A growing number of custom file formats can be converted to Photon-HDF5 using the accompanying utility phconvert (http://photon-hdf5.github.io/phconvert). Photon-HDF5 allows minimizing the efforts needed to support data from different setups and lowers the barriers for sharing data between different software and research groups. At the same time, the rich set of metadata makes Photon-HDF5 ideal for sharing and long-term archival.Both Photon-HDF5 specifications and supporting tools are openly developed on GitHub and available for review and contributions from everyone. We publish detailed format specifications together with examples for reading Photon-HDF5 in all the major programming languages. Moreover, we provide a reference library, phconvert, to help writing compliant Photon-HDF5 files. We encourage interested scientists to join the effort of making Photon-HDF5 a useful tool for the single-molecule community at large.
Aggregate Productivity: The Key to Unlocking Latin America’s Development Potential

Most countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have been growing slowly for a long time and consider themselves increasingly poor relative to the rest of the world, including both advanced countries and peer countries in other regions. Actual declines in income per capita for substantial periods of time have been common. However, it would be misleading to blame low investment for this failure. Low and slow productivity, as opposed to impediments to factor accumulation, is the key to understanding Latin America’s low income relative to developed economies and its stagnation relative to other developing countries that are catching up. A fortiori, the main development policy challenge in the region is to diagnose the causes of poor productivity and attack their roots. This chapter documents the key dimensions of weak productivity at the aggregate level in an analytical framework that helps this diagnosis, and in that way provides a basis for the rest of the book. It draws heavily from Daude and Fernandez-Arias (2009), where the statistical and technical details are spelled out.
EVALUATION OF SOMACLONAL VARIANTS FOR YIELD AND SOME QUALITY PARAMETERS

A field experiment was conducted to examine the variability of eight somaclones for agronomic and quality parameters. A significant reduction in plant height and days to tlowering was noted. There was increase in kernel length and head rice recovery.TF4 was selected having stiff stem, early in tlowering, semi dwarf with high fertility,bettergrain quality and greater yield potential than the parent variety. TF8, TF9 and SN12 yielded at par with the parentt variety i. e. Basmati 370, Profuse but unproductive tillers did not contribute to the yield. Linear relationship existed between in- creased UB ratio and better grain quality.The grains of all the somaclones were fine type, slender in shape and long in size..The highest quality Index was exhibited by TF9 followed by TF11 and TFIO respectively.
Atrial fibrillation pathophysiology and prognosis: insights from cardiovascular imaging.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia and is characterized by ineffective atrial contractions and often rapid ventricular response rates. It has been recognized that the risk of AF increases with age and the rise in AF incidence in recent decades is at least partly accounted for by the aging population in addition to the increase in other risk factors, including obesity.1,2 The global estimated prevalence of AF was >33 million in 2010,3 and projections indicate that its incidence and prevalence could potentially increase >2.5-fold by 2030.4 Although aging, hypertension, body mass index, structural heart disease, heart failure, and pulmonary disease are recognized clinical risk factors for the development of AF,5,6 advances in cardiovascular imaging, including novel echocardiographic techniques, cardiac MRI (CMR), computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography, have provided novel insights into AF pathogenesis, prediction, and natural history. Despite the use of novel imaging technologies and the use of sophisticated invasive ablative techniques and newer anticoagulation strategies, AF still comprises a considerable public health burden and results in major morbidity and expenditures.7,8 Thromboembolism and its sequelae account for much of this burden. Ineffective atrial contraction results in decreased flow and stagnation of blood in atrial structures, primarily the left atrial (LA) appendage (LAA), and AF itself may represent an inflammatory and procoagulable state, further contributing to thromboembolism pathogenesis.9,10 In addition, one has to take into account the company it keeps in that AF is associated with a significant number of comorbidities, which may independently contribute to thromboembolism and other adverse outcomes. Given this expanding burden and the challenges in developing effective management strategies for AF and its complications, workshops of the American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute …
Partial discharges induced by small floating potential metallic elements

Partial discharge (PD) measurements are commonly employed in non-destructive testing of dielectrics and systems. Often voids, interface adhesion problems, or electrode surface irregularities can be detected. Another type of defect is the small metallic element which is not connected to an electrode but can also cause partial discharge. The partial discharges from such elements at floating potential are associated with the local field intensifications which they cause. The geometry of a metallic element, its orientation with respect to the applied fields, and the net charge accumulated by the element have been found to influence both the inception and steady-state partial discharges. A model for PD behavior based on charge transport to and from the element is developed to describe the voltage and time dependence. The results are compared to time-synchronized pulse height-analyzed measurements.
Can Exciton-Delocalizing Ligands Facilitate Hot Hole Transfer from Semiconductor Nanocrystals?

Exciton-delocalizing ligands (EDLs) are of interest to researchers due to their ability to allow charge carriers to spread into the ligand shell of semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs). By increasing charge carrier surface accessibility, EDLs may facilitate the extraction of highly photoexcited carriers from NCs prior to their relaxation to the band edge, a process that can boost the performance of NC-based photocatalysts and light harvesting systems. However, hot carrier extraction must compete with carrier cooling, which could be accelerated by the stronger interaction of charge carriers and EDLs. This report describes the influence of the EDL phenyldithiocarbamate (PTC) on the electron and hole cooling rates of CdSe NCs. Using state-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy, we find that PTC treatment accelerates hole cooling by a factor of 1.7. However, upon further treatment of these NCs with cadmium(II) acetate, the hole cooling rate reverts to the value measured prior to PTC treatment, yet these NCs m...
Building a Neoliberal Palestinian State under Closure: The Economic and Spatial Implications of Walls and Barriers

In 1947 economic sociologist Karl Polanyi pointed out that the market economy had created a new type of society (Polanyi 1947: 111): in this society, market logic pervades every aspect of life, organizations are presumed to be subject to the principle of economic determinism, and human nature is supposed to be describable in terms of “homo oeconomicus.” He called upon the scholarly com-munity to recognize the fallacy of such assumptions and reminded us that humans are not just economic, but also social beings. However, due to the institutional conquests of mainstream economics and its impact on policy-making (Yonay 1994), Karl Polanyi’s words were soon forgotten. By the late 1970s and 1980s, as policy-makers faced a global recession and a crisis in the “Keynesian” welfare state, neoliberal policies were introduced to remake socie-ties and their economies. Spurred on by global hegemons such as the Bretton Woods institutions – the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund – neoliberalism be-came the dominant political and ideological force shaping capitalist globalization. Developing economies, from the Middle East to Sub-Saharan Africa, which were still rever-berating from the consequences of colonization, were supposed to remake their economies by following the “free market” dictates of the global hegemons. In an increasingly globalized and interdependent world, the developmental trajectories of neither Palestine in the Middle East nor the Democratic Republic of Congo in Sub-Saharan Africa can be understood in isolation. Instead:
Nashbots: How Political Scientists have Underestimated Human Rationality, and How to Fix It

Political scientists use experiments to test the predictions of game-theoretic models. In a typical experiment, each subject makes choices that determine her own earnings and the earnings of other subjects, with payments corresponding to the utility payoffs of a theoretical game. But social preferences distort the correspondence between a subject’s cash earnings and her subjective utility, and since social preferences vary, anonymously matched subjects cannot know their opponents’ preferences between outcomes, turning many laboratory tasks into games of incomplete information. We reduce the distortion of social preferences by pitting subjects against algorithmic agents (“Nashbots”). Across 11 experimental tasks, subjects facing human opponents played rationally only 36% of the time, but those facing algorithmic agents did so 60% of the time. We conclude that experimentalists have underestimated the economic rationality of laboratory subjects by designing tasks that are poor analogies to the games they purport to test.
Gildersleeve’s Early Education and Early Women’s Higher Education

Virginia Gildersleeve’s life – early schooling, undergraduate experiences at Barnard College, and graduate career at Columbia University – is reviewed, through the lens of the historical development of women’s higher education in the United States; the chapter ends in 1911, when Gildersleeve became dean of Barnard College.
The Temple Community

This chapter introduces the community and presents the demographical survey data and analysis. The Adhiparasakthi Temple Society represents a predominantly Sri Lankan Tamil immigrant community in the Scarborough district of Toronto. The local community is part of the larger transnational Adhiparasakthi organization (Om Sakthi) dedicated to the worship of the Goddess Sakthi (Śakti). As a religious organization, they maintain a direct connection to the “mother temple” in Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India as the central seat of religious authority and the focal point of pilgrimage. At the same time, the temple is a very local religious institution, which reflects the strong immigrant presence in Scarborough where many of the Tamils from Sri Lanka have settled.
The MAPGEN Cartographic System

MAPGEN is a software system that facilitates production of cartographic displays in the research and production environment. The system generates a set of meta-graphic overlays of application-defined geographical information that can be aggregated in any combination for display without reprocessing the original data. An overview of the control files, available cartographic projections, graphic attributes, overlay generator and ancillary support programs, and the device-independent graphic subsystem is presented along with examples of usage. System transportability and associated host hardware and operating system requirements are also addressed.
The Crystalline Sponge Method: A Solvent-Based Strategy to Facilitate Noncovalent Ordered Trapping of Solid and Liquid Organic Compounds.

A strategy that leverages solvent effects to noncovalently trap solid and unstable liquid organic compounds within a crystalline sponge ({[(ZnI2)3(tris(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine)2]·x(CHCl3)}n) in a simple, mild, and efficient fashion for target molecule structure determination via X-ray diffraction is disclosed. Host–guest structures were obtained using third-generation synchrotron radiation, and new beamline hardware allowed rapid data collection in ∼5–24 minutes. This is 40–90% faster than previously reported crystalline sponge synchrotron datasets collected by us, and approximately a 150–720-fold decrease in time versus using a typical in-house diffractometer, effectively enabling the potential for high-throughput analysis. The new target molecule inclusion method using methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) solvent was demonstrated by trapping (E)-stilbene, vanillin, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl azide, and (+)-artemisinin (an antimalarial drug). The potential of guests to maximize intermolecular interactions with the crystalline sponge framework at the expense of attenuating intramolecular interactions (e.g., π-conjugation) was observed for (E)-stilbene. Trapping of vanillin and (+)-artemisinin elicited single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations where space group symmetry reduced from C2/c to P and C2, respectively, and the absolute configuration of (+)-artemisinin was determined through anomalous dispersion.
Primary study on deep venous thrombosis in children after neurosurgery

Objective To study the incidence and related causes of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities in children after neurosurgery. Methods The children with or without deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities after neurosurgery in our hospital from January 2007 to December 2011 were selected.The clinical data including primary diseases and operation time were collected to be compared to find the related causes of deep vein thrombosis.Results There were 18 children with postoperative deep venous thrombosis.All of them had deep venouscatheter invasive operation.The major primary disease was craniopharyngioma.They all had longer operation time compared with those without thrombosis.Conclusions The causes of deep venous thrombosis in neurosurgical children involve not only deep venous catheter -related but also neurological primary disease and operation time. Key words: Neurosurgery ; Children; Deep venous thrombosis; Craniopharyngioma
Early Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows from Relativistic Blast Waves in General Radiative Regimes

We present simple analytical expressions for the predicted spectral and temporal behavior of the early afterglow radiation from gamma-ray bursts in radiative regimes intermediate between the adiabatic and the fully radiative solutions of the blast-wave hydrodynamic equations. Our expressions are valid as long as the relativistic electrons responsible for the observed synchrotron emission are in the fast-cooling regime and the blast wave is relativistic. We show that even a slight deviation from a perfectly adiabatic evolution results in significant changes of the temporal characteristics of the afterglow emission.