cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Challenges of Nonstandardized Vendor Usage Data in a Statewide Metasearch Environment: The Library of Texas Experience

This article describes a research and development project the objective of which was to develop a means to produce standardized statewide usage data made available from the Texas State Library and Archives Commission. Using a range of data collection and evaluation methods, the project staff determined that there were significant problems in producing statewide standardized and comparable database usage statistics. This article provides background information on key issues related to these problems, offers a number of techniques that might be adapted for use in other situations, indicates the opportunities presented by metasearch applications for recording usage data, and makes recommendations for future research and work to obtain more accurate and standardized database usage statistics.
Barking up the wrong tree? Use of polymerase chain reaction to diagnose syphilitic aortitis

The presentation of syphilitic aortitis is often atypical and available serological tests are non-specific. The diagnostic gold standard remains direct identification of microorganisms in tissue. We present a case of syphilitic aortitis that presented as a mediastinal mass and report the use of polymerase chain reaction for Treponema pallidum to diagnose syphilitic aortic disease.
Same-Sex Marriage in Japan

ABSTRACTDespite its apparent gay friendliness, Japanese society has witnessed few public debates or social movements in support of same-sex marriage. It seems that Japanese scholars and activists are only just beginning to advocate the legal protection of homosexual couples. Although Japan has witnessed a few recent developments toward same-sex marriage, an anti-same sex marriage perspective seems to dominate, even among Japanese scholars and activists who are gay and lesbian themselves.In order to understand Japans slow progress toward same-sex marriage, this article examines the legality of same-sex marriage in Japan, Japans apparent lack of the political and historical progress of same-sex marriage in the West, and Japanese societal and cultural features including gay adoption, invisibility and heterosexism at work and in academia. This article also compares the current debates on the legal protection of same-sex couples in Japan and Japanese feminist criticism of the Japanese family, to explain the pr...
EMOTIONAL EXHAUSTION AND TURNOVER INTENTION IN HUMAN SERVICE OCCUPATIONS: THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF COWORKER SUPPORT

Human services occupations are prone to high rates of burnout and turnover. These outcomes have adverse implications for service providers and the clients in their care. Several studies have assessed the structural causes and consequences of burnout and turnover, but little attention has been paid to the potentially protective role of coworker support. We estimate a structural equation model including job characteristics, coworker support, and workplace justice to predict turnover intention, both directly and indirectly through emotional exhaustion. More than 1,800 substance abuse treatment counselors provided survey data for these analyses. Net of demographic and workload measures, low autonomy, and a lack of distributive justice significantly predicted emotional exhaustion, while coworker support was inversely associated with exhaustion. In turn, exhaustion was a significant predictor of intent to quit. Coworker support exhibited direct inverse effects on intent to quit, while counselors reporting low a...
Mechanisms Underlying Induction of Tolerance to Foods

Oral tolerance refers to a systemic immune nonresponsiveness to antigens first encountered by the oral route, and a failure in development of this homeostatic process can result in food allergy. Clinical tolerance induced by allergen immunotherapy is associated with alterations in immune mechanisms relevant to the allergic response, including reduction of basophil reactivity, induction of IgG4, loss of effector Th2 cells, and induction of Tregs. The relative contribution of these immune changes to clinical tolerance to foods, and the duration of these immune changes after termination of immunotherapy, remains to be identified.
Planning in Cotton

There was a clear indication that the increasing intensity of competition between cotton and rayon, jute, and paper was resulting in a close examination of the merits of these fibers in specific uses. Especially during the 1930's the claims and counter-claims of each of these commodities to universal supremacy were markettested, and it could be asserted that on the bases of quality, cost and utility one of these materials was best for a particular use. The potential per capita demand for our cotton failed to show any growth element. Neither the consumption of cotton products by the ultimate consumer, nor the usage by industrial outlets appeared to hold the promise of an expanding market despite the years and dollars spent in behalf of this fiber by the New Uses section of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics and by various cotton trade associations.
Large deviation analysis for learning rate in distributed hypothesis testing

This paper considers a problem of distributed hypothesis testing and cooperative learning. Individual nodes in a network receive noisy local (private) observations whose distribution is parameterized by a discrete parameter (hypotheses). The conditional distributions are known locally at the nodes, but the true parameter/hypothesis is not known. We consider a social ("non-Bayesian") learning rule from previous literature, in which nodes first perform a Bayesian update of their belief (distribution estimate) of the parameter based on their local observation, communicate these updates to their neighbors, and then perform a "non-Bayesian" linear consensus using the log-beliefs of their neighbors. For this learning rule, we know that under mild assumptions, the belief of any node in any incorrect parameter converges to zero exponentially fast, and the exponential rate of learning is a characterized by the network structure and the divergences between the observations' distributions. Furthermore, any (large) deviation from this nominal rate of rejecting wrong hypothesis is known to occur with an exponentially small probability when the bounded likelihood functions is uniformly bounded. While relaxing the assumption of uniformly bounded log-likelihood functions, we show that the rates of rejecting wrong hypotheses, collectively, satisfy a large deviation principle under a mild technical condition on the log-moment generating functions of log-likelihood random variables.
The Refractivity of Air.

The air density equation of Jones, Edlen's dispersion formula for standard air, and Edlen's empirically-derived expressions for the effects of Co2 abundance and water vapor partial pressure on refractivity have been combined into a simplified equation for the refractivity of air, and estimates have been made of uncertainties in calculated refractivity. Under ambient conditions typical of metrology laboratories, the agreement between the simplified equation and Edlen's formulation is well within the uncertainty in each. The simplified equation is valid in the visible region.
Dispersal studies of Trichogramma semifumatum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) tagged with radioactive phosphorus.

About 2 million Trichogramma semifumatum (Perkins) were released in the first study, in the Imperial Valley, Calif., and about 1½ million in a second study near Shatter, Calif., in 1960. Females tended to disperse more rapidly than males, 1 ♀ being recovered 2000 ft from the release point 17 hours after release, while 2 ♂ were taken 400 ft from the release point after another 24 hours had elapsed. One individual (sex not determined) was recovered 3500 ft from the release point, 62 hours after release. Since the radioactive wasps were found to live at least 15 days after release, females could have dispersed up to 10 miles and males up to 1 mile if they dispersed unidirectionally from the area of release or emergence. Specimens were easily recovered within 200 ft of the release point, but the factor of area dilution is extremely important in connection with recovery of tagged specimens, whose number decreased markedly with increased distance. In the absence of rigorous weather conditions, the extent to which temperature and wind aided or hindered dispersal could not be determined. Tagging procedures and vacuum suction sampling methods are discussed.
Comparison and discussion of detection of TP in three test methods

Objective We analyzed the situation of serological detection of syphilis made by the department of physical examination of Chengde centers for diseases control and prevention(CDC) and discussed on the various factors affecting the detection's result in order to provide scientific guidance for preventing and controlling the spread of syphilis.Methods The immunological method was used to detect the anti-TP of the employees from Chengde city in 2012.Results Among the 13460 employees,42 people were tested positive for syphilis by ELISA with a positive rate at about 0.31%;39 people were tested positive by TPPA with a positive rate at 0.29% and 45 people were tested positive by TRUST with a positive rate at 0.33%.35 people were tested positive for syphilis by all the three test methods and the positive rate was 0.26%.Conclusions ELISA is suitable for screening test,TPPA for confirmatory test and TRUST for determining severity and infectivity of the disease according to its titer.Adopting the three test methods together,can lower the cost,lessen the time consumption and improve the accuracy,can not only sift out the carriers of infective syphilis thus to control the spread of the disease from the source of infection,but also make the carriers who have been cured regain work.
The Effects of Testicular Trauma on Fertility in the Lewis Rat and Comparisons to Isoimmunized Recipients of Syngeneic Sperm

AbstractAdult male Lewis (LEW) rats were used to investigate the effects of unilateral testicular trauma on fertility. Comparisons were made between normal and experimental rats immunized with syngeneic sperm in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA). Matings within the three groups yielded offspring to all normal males, no offspring to the immunized rats, and 27% (3/11) fertility in the trauma group (p < 0.001). The contralateral testis demonstrated decreased volumes, various degrees of aspermatogenesis and smaller seminiferous tubular diameters, in both the trauma and immunized groups compared to the controls. Similar histopathologic findings of chronic granulomatous inflammation within contralateral testes in both the trauma and immunized groups suggested a common immune etiology for infertility via possible disruption of the blood-testis barrier. (J. Urol., 143: 638-641, 1990)
Invisible Scars: Comparing the Mental Health of LGB and Heterosexual Intimate Partner Violence Survivors.

ABSTRACTIntimate partner violence (IPV) affects countless women and men in lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) as well as heterosexual relationships, but few studies have examined how such abuse is associated with the mental health of LGB victims. The present study addresses this issue using data from the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey to examine differences in depression and anxiety among IPV victims in LGB and heterosexual partnerships. The findings indicate LGB IPV victims are much more likely to have a history of depression (OR 1.70, p < .05) and anxiety (OR 1.70, p < .05) than heterosexual victims. These differences are slightly mediated by the victim’s perceived emotional support but not the type of abuse experienced. Our findings accentuate the need for greater inclusion of LGB persons in the IPV and mental health discourse, as well as the importance of social support for IPV victims. Policy implications for members of the LGB community are discussed.
The Perils of Multi-lingual Students: “I’m Not LD, I’m L2 or L3.”

As more companies and families expand to the global market an increasing number of students are entering international schools outside of their home countries. Each international school is governed and run according to their own policies, but one overarching element remains: the language of instruction is usually English. When English Language Learners enter English dominant environments they often have difficulties acclimating to the language and the classroom. In this paper the authors intend to address some myths about ELL students in the classroom, and shed light on why some students are wrongly identified as having possible SLDs and how we can better help students by looking further at their characteristics.
Improve Control to Output Dynamic Response and Extend Modulation Index Range With Hybrid Selective Harmonic Current Mitigation-PWM and Phase-Shift PWM for Four-Quadrant Cascaded H-Bridge Converters

The selective harmonic current mitigation pulsewidth modulation (SHCM-PWM) technique can be used in cascaded multilevel converters to extend the harmonic reduction spectrum, reduce the coupling inductance and increase the efficiency. The offline SHCM-PWM technique has small number of switching transitions as its switching angles can only change once in a fundamental cycle and relatively long time delays because it uses FFT. As a result, its dynamic response has a lot to desire. As it will be proven in this paper, in four-quadrant power converters, to have a good transient dynamic response, both active and reactive power must be controlled at least two times in a fundamental cycle. In this paper, a hybrid modulation technique is introduced. The proposed technique uses SHCM-PWM under steady state and phase-shift PWM (PSPWM) under transient. In addition, in order to extend the modulation index range and ensure that SHCM-PWM can process four-quadrant active and reactive power, the constraints of the switching angles for the SHCM-PWM are modified. Simulations and experiments are conducted on a seven-level cascaded H-bridge converter to verify the proposed technique.
Spectral model based intent detection for multichannel SEMG signals

This study proposes a multichannel spectral model for detection and classification of upper limb motion. Multichannel surface electromyography (SEMG) signals are segmented into active and idle regions before computing model coefficients. Autoregressive (AR) model coefficients computed over the active regions are used for characterization and classification of SEMG signals. Itakura-Satio spectral distance (ISD) measure is used during the classification for comparing AR coefficients of the selected segments and the reference AR models. The method proposed here successfully classified 7 different upper limb motions with an accuracy of 92.71%. Model based approach achieved a better classification accuracy than most traditional feature based approaches at a lower complexity and increased number of motion classes.
Comparison of the Appropriateness of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Men Versus Women.

After a decade of appropriate use criteria publication, the degree and predictors of inappropriate use in women compared with men are not known. We conducted a retrospective cohort investigation comparing appropriateness categories (appropriate, maybe appropriate, and rarely appropriate) and cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) between June 2011 and September 2014 in predominantly inpatient setting. Of 1,475 cases reviewed, 747 (50.6%) were women, and they were more likely to have rarely appropriate use 118 (15.8%) than men 62 (8.5%), p <0.01, but they were less likely to have an abnormal MPI 102 (13.6%) than men 183 (25.6%), p <0.01. Subsequent angiography and revascularization rates were similar in women 38 (37.2%) and 5 (4.9%) and men 52 (28.4%) and 16 (8.7%), p = 0.12, p = 0.23, respectively. After median follow-up of 6 months, myocardial infarction rates were similar in women 3 (2.9%) and men 7 (3.8%), p = 0.67. Death rates were similar in women 8 (7.8%) and men 18 (9.8%), p = 0.57. The most common clinical scenario designated as rarely appropriate was in those with low pretest probability of coronary artery disease, who have interpretable electrocardiogram and are able to exercise in women 58 (49.1%) and men 21 (33.8%). In conclusion, based on the most contemporary appropriate use criteria publication, rarely appropriate use of MPI remains higher in women than that in men. This phenomenon was mostly observed in low-risk patients who can exercise.
Why shouldn't lesbian women who miscarry receive special consideration? A viewpoint

Abstract Over the past 20 years investigators have explored the incidence, experience, and extent of grieving following miscarriage for heterosexual partnered women and, to some degree, for men. Prior investigations confirm an increase in disturbed emotions following unexpected pregnancy loss and suggest a variety of predisposing social and obstetrical factors that lead to such responses. Little is known, however, about the ways in which lesbian women experience and respond to miscarriage. An argument is made that given the increased number of lesbian women attempting pregnancy through alternative methods of conception, research is warranted that explores their experiences and potentially unique caring needs following miscarriage.
Cloud Model Based Intelligent Control for Marine Hydraulic Steering Gear System

Marine hydraulic steering gear is an important part of marine engine room system. Based on the analysis of the structure and mechanism of the marine hydraulic steering system, and combined with the modular modeling method, the mathematical model of marine hydraulic steering system, including system pipeline, hydraulic pump, steering gear and rudder angle controller is established. At the same time, a one-dimensional and two-dimensional cloud mathematical model, and a PD + I cloud model intelligent controller are designed and applied to control the marine hydraulic steering gear in this paper. The simulation results confirm that the cloud model based controller outperforms PID controller in terms of control stability and accuracy.
Neurobehavioural outcomes in children after In-Hospital cardiac arrest

Abstract Aim Children who remain comatose after in-hospital cardiac arrest (IH-CA) resuscitation are at risk for poor neurological outcome. We report results of detailed neurobehavioural testing in paediatric IH-CA survivors, initially comatose after return of circulation, and enrolled in THAPCA-IH, a clinical trial that evaluated two targeted temperature management interventions (hypothermia, 33.0 °C or normothermia, 36.8 °C; NCT00880087). Methods Children, aged 2 days to Results Follow-ups were obtained on 125 of 135 eligible one-year survivors. Seventy-seven percent (96/125) had VABS-II scores ≥70 at 12 months; cognitive composites were ≥2SD of mean in 59%. VABS-II composite, domain, and most subdomain scores declined between pre-IH-CA and 3-month, and pre-IH-CA and 12-month assessments (composite means declined about 1 SD at 3 and 12 months, p Conclusions In paediatric IH-CA survivors at high risk for unfavorable outcomes, the majority demonstrated significant declines in neurobehavioural functioning, across multiple functional domains, with similar functioning at 3 and 12 months. About three-quarters attained VABS-II functional performance composite scores within the broadly normal range.
Regulation of microtubule-associated proteins

Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) function to regulate the assembly dynamics and organization of microtubule polymers. Upstream regulation of MAP activities is the major mechanism used by cells to modify and control microtubule assembly and organization. This review summarizes the functional activities of MAPs found in animal cells and discusses how these MAPs are regulated. Mechanisms controlling gene expression, isoform-specific expression, protein localization, phosphorylation, and degradation are discussed. Additional regulatory mechanisms include synergy or competition between MAPs and the activities of cofactors or binding partners. For each MAP it is likely that regulation in vivo reflects a composite of multiple regulatory mechanisms.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the cervix presenting as a primary bronchial neoplasm

A. W ., a 56-year-old black woman, was hospitalized because of a lesion in the right upper lobe of the lung detected on a routine chest film. She was asymptomatic. Past history included an operative procedure at age 16 for postpartum bleeding following delivery of a stillborn infant. Subsequently, menses ceased and she had "hot flashes." Two years before admission, she had bright red vaginal bleeding. Cervical biopsy revealed adenoid cystic carcinoma. Chest x-ray, cystoscopy, intravenous pyelogram, sigmoidoscopy, and barium enema were negative. Pelvic examination showed thickening of the
Using Contemporary Collective Action to Understand the Use of Computer-Mediated Communication in Virtual Citizen Science

VirtualVirtual citizen science creates Internet-based projects that involve volunteers who collaborate with scientists in authentic scientific research. Forms of computer-mediated communication like websites, email, and forums are integral for all project activity and interaction between participants. However, the specific forms of computer-mediated communication vary because of the functionalities they must serve for a particular virtual citizen science project. After illustrating how computer-mediated communication is used by the Zooniverse, a collection of successful virtual citizen science projects, this chapter describes how virtual citizen science can be understood as a form of online collective action that takes place in the context of conducting scientific research. Using collective action theory allows for the creation of a collective action space that can be used to compare particular project features or entire projects based on a combination of the forms of interaction and project responsibilities available to volunteers.
JNKs in liver diseases

c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs) are members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. Like other MAPKs, JNKs are conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution, activated via three-tiered phosphorylation cascades, and involved in a wide range of cellular responses to stress. JNKs have been shown to play important roles in proliferation, cell death, inflammation and cell metabolism. These seemingly unrelated responses are part of an overall stress response program that ensures proper repair of cells sustaining minor damage, elimination of cells sustaining irreversible structural or genetic damage, as well as their proper replacement.
The Public Schools: America's Achilles Heel

In a 1973 paper in The American Psychologist, a case was made for why it would take many decades for Blacks to improve their performance on school achievement and other cognitive tests. The paper was in opposition to Jensen's conclusion which emphasized genetics. One important part of the argument was deliberately omitted in that paper. The present paper deals with that omission which concerns the fact that our schools violate what is known about context for productive learning, a fact by no means peculiar to city schools. The near total failure of the educational reform movement has had and will continue to have consequences beyond the educational arena, one of these being Black anti-Semitism. Our cities are social time bombs. When they will ignite and explode is unpredictable. If classrooms become context for productive learning, the predicted positive outcomes require changes outside the schools, that is, the work arena.
Ambiguity, death determination, and the dead donor rule:

The dead donor rule states that organ donors must be declared dead before any vital organs are removed. Recently, scholars and physicians have argued for the abandonment of the dead donor rule, bas...
Black and white female body mass index values in the developing late 19th and early 20th century United States

When traditional measures for economic welfare are scarce or unreliable, stature and the body mass index (BMI) are now widely-used measures that reflect economic conditions. However, little work exists for late 19th and early 20th century women’s BMIs in the US and how they varied over time. Women’s BMIs stagnated throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries. After controlling for characteristics, African-American women had higher BMIs than lighter complexioned mixed-race and white women. Women from the Southwest were taller and had lower BMIs than women born elsewhere within the US. Alternatively, women’s BMIs did not vary by socioeconomic status.
Anti-immigration sentiments and the true benefits of inclusivity

The summer of 2018 has been marked by heavy-handed anti-immigration legislation and executive orders that will inevitably affect English Language Learners (ELLs) in significant ways. The author examines explanations for the rising wave of anti-immigrant sentiments and discusses research that affirms the true benefits of inclusivity.
Association between Health Insurance and Obesity among Adolescents

Background: Childhood obesity has become a vast concern among public health professionals. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that childhood obesity has a lasting effect on a child’s health and well-being. Research has found that 40% of Mississippi youth are obese and have a possibility of carrying the obesity into adulthood. Availability of health insurance greatly impact human health. Researchers suggest that children benefit from public and private insurance. The purpose of this study was to investigate an association between health insurance and obesity among adolescents in Hinds County, Mississippi. Method: A cross-sectional study was administered to 36 parents of adolescents in Hinds County at the Metrocenter Mall and the Boys and Girls Club to determine whether adolescents have health insurance coverage. A descriptive statistic was conducted to describe the characteristics of the sample. Gender differences of BMI were examined using a t-test. Chi-square was used to show an association between obesity status and healthcare utilization. The statistical software that was used to analyze the data was Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: There was no significant difference in insurance utilization and obesity rate was (p=0.125). 100% of participants with private insurance utilized their insurance while only 87% of participants utilized public insurance (p=0.056). Conclusion: Based on this research, findings indicate that the majority of the adolescents have both public and private insurance. Parents are utilizing health insurance services for their adolescents. The prevalence of childhood obesity was significantly small. Healthcare utilization among obese adolescents was relatively small.
DNA methylation of individual repetitive elements in hepatitis C virus infection-induced hepatocellular carcinoma

The two most common repetitive elements (REs) in humans, long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) and Alu element (Alu), have been linked to various cancers. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) may cause hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by suppressing host defenses, through DNA methylation that controls the mobilization of REs. We aimed to investigate the role of RE methylation in HCV-induced HCC (HCV-HCC). We studied methylation of over 30,000 locus-specific REs across the genome in HCC, cirrhotic, and healthy liver tissues obtained by surgical resection. Relative to normal liver tissue, we observed the largest number of differentially methylated REs in HCV-HCC followed by alcohol-induced HCC (EtOH-HCC). After excluding EtOH-HCC-associated RE methylation (FDR < 0.001) and those unable to be validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we identified 13 hypomethylated REs (11 LINE-1 and 2 Alu) and 2 hypermethylated REs (1 LINE-1 and 1 Alu) in HCV-HCC (FDR < 0.001). A majority of these REs were located in non-coding regions, preferentially enriched with chromatin repressive marks H3K27me3, and positively associated with gene expression (median correlation r = 0.32 across REs). We further constructed an HCV-HCC RE methylation score that distinguished HCV-HCC (lowest score), HCV-cirrhosis, and normal liver (highest score) in a dose-responsive manner (p for trend < 0.001). HCV-cirrhosis had a lower score than EtOH-cirrhosis (p = 0.038) and HCV-HCC had a lower score than EtOH-HCC in TCGA (p = 0.024). Our findings indicate that HCV infection is associated with loss of DNA methylation in specific REs, which could implicate molecular mechanisms in liver cancer development. If our findings are validated in larger sample sizes, methylation of these REs may be useful as an early detection biomarker for HCV-HCC and/or a target for prevention of HCC in HCV-positive individuals.
The Use of the Overstitch to Close Perforations and Fistulas

Endoscopic suturing allows for select patients with perforations, leaks, and fistulas to be managed endoscopically. Experience with the Overstitch endoscopic suturing device suggests it may be superior to endoclips in the management of perforations, because of its ability to achieve full-thickness suturing and create an airtight closure. Although successful closure of leaks and fistulas using the Overstitch device has been described, additional therapy with a multimodality approach is often required because of inherent challenges with fistula recurrence. This article reviews the existing literature on the Overstitch endoscopic suturing system specifically in the management of gastrointestinal perforations, leaks, and fistulas.
Evolutionarily conserved regulation of sleep by epidermal growth factor receptor signaling.

The genetic bases for most human sleep disorders and for variation in human sleep quantity and quality are largely unknown. Using the zebrafish, a diurnal vertebrate, to investigate the genetic regulation of sleep, we found that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is necessary and sufficient for normal sleep levels and is required for the normal homeostatic response to sleep deprivation. We observed that EGFR signaling promotes sleep via mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal–regulated kinase and RFamide neuropeptide signaling and that it regulates RFamide neuropeptide expression and neuronal activity. Consistent with these findings, analysis of a large cohort of human genetic data from participants of European ancestry revealed that common variants in genes within the EGFR signaling pathway are associated with variation in human sleep quantity and quality. These results indicate that EGFR signaling and its downstream pathways play a central and ancient role in regulating sleep and provide new therapeutic targets for sleep disorders.
Getting Up and Running with R

Welcome to the first chapter on the book that covers every pirate’s favorite programming language and statistics package, R. With that very bad joke out of the way, let’s talk about what this book is: your Practical R recipe book for three broad areas – research, productivity, and automation. In the first part of this book, I’ll give you the essentials to getting up and running with R and apply those to two research projects you might find useful in your work: a market research study and a psychological process-tracing study. In the second part, I’ll talk about how R can be used in your workday to enhance your productivity – less data science, more useful scripting environment. And finally, in the third part, I’ll use R to automate some seriously complex tasks, turning R into your personal assistant through two projects in Chapters 9 and 10. Along the way, you’ll find that R fits in many different areas of your life and that no job is likely too big for it!
Targeted muscle reinnervation following external hemipelvectomy or hip disarticulation: An anatomic description of technique and clinical case correlates.

Background Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) has been shown to decrease or prevent neuropathic pain, including phantom and residual limb pain, after extremity amputation. Currently, a paucity of data and lack of anatomical description exists regarding TMR in the setting of hemipelvectomy and/or hip disarticulations. We elaborate on the technique of TMR, illustrated through cadaveric and clinical correlates. Methods Cadaveric dissections of multiple transpelvic exposures were performed. The major mixed motor and sensory nerve branches were identified, dissected, and tagged. Amputated peripheral nerves were transferred to identified, labeled target motor nerves via direct end-to-end nerve coaptations per traditional TMR technique. A retrospective review was completed by our multi-institutional teams to include examples of clinical correlates for TMR performed in the setting of hemipelvectomies and hip disarticulations. Results A total of 12 TMR hemipelvectomy/hip disarticulation cases were performed over a 2 to 3-year period (2018-2020). Of these 12 cases, 9 were oncologic in nature, 2 were secondary to traumatic injury, and 1 was a failed limb salvage in the setting of chronic refractory osteomyelitis of the femoral shaft. Conclusions This manuscript outlines the technical considerations for TMR in the setting of hemipelvectomy and hip disarticulation with supporting clinical case correlates.
Variation in the Earth's Angular Velocity Resulting from Fluctuations in Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation

Fluctuations in the circulation of the atmosphere are associated with very small anomalies in the angular velocity of the earth. The seasonal component of these anomalies has been computed from weather maps, and is found to agree, with respect to magnitude and phase, with anomalies first reported by STOKYO in 1936 on the basis of astronomic observations. The effects of fluctuations in the oceanic circulation, and of shifting of air and water masses, have been estimated to account for not more than 15 per cent of the observed effect. The detection of shorter period fluctuations is presently limited by the accuracy of astronomic time determination. The developments of an atomic clock and of the photographic zenith tube open the possibility of determining anomalies persisting for only two weeks, and of providing a new tool for obtaining an index of integrated atmospheric circulation. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1950.tb00318.x
Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression in Active Duty Women.

INTRODUCTION Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common perinatal complication. Risk factors previously found to correlate with PPD in civilians include prenatal depression, childcare stress, limited social support, difficult infant temperament, and maternity blues. Previously identified risk factors in military spouses include spouse deployment/redeployment cycles. It is unclear if these previously identified risk factors are also a risk factor for AD women or if the additional stressors associated with being on active duty (AD) are risk factors for PPD. The purpose of this review is to determine if civilian risk factors have been found to put AD women at risk for PPD and to identify unique risk factors for PPD in AD women. MATERIALS AND METHODS A scoping literature review was performed using PubMed, Defense Technical Information Center, and PsychINFO. The searches were conducted using relevant medical subject headings and keywords. The inclusion criteria included articles published since 1948 (the year women were legally allowed to join the military) that reference risk factors for postpartum/peripartum depression in AD women serving in the U.S. military. The following exclusion criteria were also applied: in a language other than English, opinion papers, and/or not published in a peer-reviewed journal. Articles meeting criteria were evaluated and mapped to stressors previously identified in the literature for civilian and military spouses with PPD with novel stressors identified as mapping outside this framework. RESULTS Only two articles met the inclusion criteria. The first study included 87 AD women. The second study, a cohort study between 2001 and 2008, included 1660 AD women. Unique risk factors identified in AD women include previous deployments, serving in the Army, smoking status, alcohol use, and low self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS Few studies have investigated the risk factors for PPD in AD women. It appears that AD women share many risk factors, or variants of those risk factors, for PPD as their civilian and AD spouse counterparts, but there are also unique risks to consider. More work is needed to improve screening and prevention efforts.
What's wrong with epistemic trespassing?

Epistemic trespassers are experts who pass judgment on questions in fields where they lack expertise. What’s wrong with epistemic trespassing? I identify several limitations with a seminal analysis to isolate three desiderata on an answer to this question and motivate my own answer. An answer (i) should explain what’s wrong in the cases that motivate inquiry into epistemic trespassing, (ii) should explain what’s wrong with epistemic trespassing even if trespassers do not acknowledge their trespassing, and (iii) these explanations should not be independent of the fact that epistemic trespassing involves expertise. I also independently motivate a fourth desideratum: (iv) this account should explain the evaluative difference between different kinds of trespassing. To satisfy these desiderata, I develop a social analysis: epistemic trespassing is wrong because it is an abuse of expert authority that neglects novice vulnerabilities.
Pulse Delivery and Exposure Systems

This chapter discusses how electric pulses are delivered to a biological target using electrodes and a transmission line. The electric fields in the tissue near the electrodes can be determined through analytical approach or numerical calculation (Sect. 16.2). In the time domain, the pulses seen at the target are largely affected by the pulse duration and the electrical characteristics of the electrodes in the tissue, especially the associate capacitance (Sect. 16.3). It is also important to treat the electrode configuration as part of the transmission line for the delivery of ultrashort pulses when the exact waveform is determined. Two types of electrodes that can deliver ultrafast pulses for in vitro studies are discussed in Sect. 16.4.
The radio approximation

At high and low wave frequencies, useful approximations exist to the general dispersion relation for a magnetoplasma. These radio and hydromagnetic approximations were introduced in Section 5.7 and have been applied to propagation along the imposed magnetic field (Sections 7.6 and 7.7) and to propagation transverse to the imposed magnetic field (Section 9.6). We now need to apply the radio and hydromagnetic approximations to propagation in a magnetoplasma in any direction relative to the imposed magnetic field. The radio approximation is treated in this chapter and the hydromagnetic approximation in the next chapter.
Saline-instillation abortion with laminaria and megadose oxytocin

This study examines the effect of laminaria and oxytocin in 638 saline instillation abortions. Laminaria were inserted into the cervical canal in the physician's office 2 to 3 hours before admission to hospital for instillation. Pitocin was given intravenously at a rate of 417 to 555 mu/min starting 2 hours after instillation. Pitocin was given intravenously at a rate of 417 to 555 mu/min starting 2 hours after instillation. Center for Disease Control (CDC) criteria were used to define complications in the present series. Complication rates compared favorably to those in a national CDC study of traditional saline procedures. Instillation-abortion times averaged 12.5 hours in the present series, about half the time previously reported for saline abortion. If confirmed by other studies, laminaria and oxytocin will be beneficial adjuncts for managing patients aborted by saline instillation.
Chapter 1 Stress and Coping Mechanisms in Female Primates

Abstract We review the social and environmental influences of stress and its alleviation in female primates, focusing on wild female baboons in the Okavango Delta of Botswana. Female primates exhibit elevated glucocorticoids (GCs) primarily in response to those events that directly affect their own survival and reproduction, including in particular predation and the threat of infanticide from dominant immigrant males. In contrast, females' GC levels appear to be relatively unaffected by dominance rank, perhaps because rank is relatively unimportant in determining reproductive success. Like humans, female monkeys rely on a stable social network to cope with stress. During periods of social stability, females whose grooming networks are focused on a few individuals show lower levels of stress than females whose grooming networks are diffuse and relatively unselective. When confronted with a stressor in the form of a potentially infanticidal male, females respond by contracting their grooming networks, apparently falling back on their closest companions. Similarly, lactating females with a close male friend experience smaller increases in GC levels than lactating females without male friends. Females experience significant increases in stress when their social network is damaged by the death of a close grooming partner, and they appear to take active steps to seek out and identify new partners. It is the nature and quality of a female's social relationships, rather than sociality alone, that allows a female to cope with and manage stress. Ultimately, focused social networks may influence female reproductive success, because there is some evidence that females who maintain strong bonds with other females experience higher offspring survival and longevity.
Knock on wood [cell-phone jamming device]

Some time ago, actor Laurence Fishburne interrupted a Broadway performance to give a piece of his mind to a member of the audience whose cell phone had gone off during the show. I am sure that, at one point or another, you have been similarly annoyed in a public place by an inconsiderate cell-phone user. How can a restaurant or theater owner provide a "quiet zone" for its customers? IEEE member Hideo Oda of Iwate University (Japan) and his colleagues have been perfecting another line of defense against irresponsible cell-phone users in public places. Based on a patented design, wood magnetic material (1994), Dr. Oda's magnetic wood can be used to panel a room to shield it from cell-phone signals. The Japanese investigators settled on wood because "it offers more natural, aesthetic options to interior design".
Cartilage-specific 5' end of chick α2(I) collagen mRNAs

Chondrocytes grown in suspension contain both type I and type II collagen mRNAs, yet synthesize only type II collagen. The inability of chondrocytes to synthesize the alpha 2 subunit of type I collagen, alpha 2(I), results from a severely reduced translation elongation rate (Bennett, V.D., and Adams, S.L. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 14806-14814). Furthermore, the alpha 2(I) collagen mRNAs from chondrocytes are translated inefficiently in vitro and appear slightly smaller than those from other cells (Focht, R.J., and Adams, S.L. (1984) Mol. Cell. Biol. 4, 1843-1852). These observations suggest that the reduced translation elongation rate may be due to an intrinsic property of the mRNAs. In this report we demonstrate that the alpha 2(I) collagen mRNAs from suspended chondrocytes are 120 bases shorter than those from other cells, and that the first 94 bases of the chondrocyte mRNAs differ from the corresponding region of the calvaria mRNAs. The unique 5' end of the chondrocyte alpha 2(I) collagen mRNAs accounts for their smaller size and may be responsible for the translation elongation defect. Interestingly, the alpha 2(I) collagen mRNAs from chondrocytes grown in monolayer, rather than in suspension, no longer display the cartilage-specific 5' end, suggesting that cell shape and/or adhesion may modulate the structure of the 5' end of the chondrocyte alpha 2(I) collagen mRNAs.
Retail Shelf Space Management Model with Space-Elastic Demand and Consumer-Driven Substitution Effects

Efficiently managing limited retail shelf space becomes critical as the increase in product variety is in conflict with limited shelf space and operational costs. This paper presents a multi-product shelf space management problem, where category demand is a composite function of shelf space allocated and demand substitution under replenishment constraints. We describe an innovative approach to solving a core retail planning question involving which products to offer and how much shelf space to assign items. Traditional shelf space models are extended in three directions. First, the model integrates substitution effects by modeling out-of-assortment substitution. Second, the model takes into account facing-dependent restocking constraints do avoid underfaced items and to reflect the actual retailers replenishment policy. Finally, a transformation of the MINLP into a specialized knapsack problem solves category problems of practical relevant sizes. The computation tests show the improvement of profit levels by reflecting more comprehensively the consumer behavior. Also, we show the high impact of cross-space and substitution effects, and replenishment constraints on profit and solution structure.
Activation of endogenous antioxidants as a common therapeutic strategy against cancer, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular diseases: A lesson learnt from DJ-1

Abstract This review aims at presenting a new concept pertaining to the development of antioxidants, namely, to evolve from disease-oriented therapy to mechanism-oriented therapy. Using as our illustrative example is DJ-1, a homodimeric protein that is ubiquitously expressed in a variety of mammalian tissues, including the brain, and is found in the matrix and the intermembrane space of the mitochondria. DJ-1 is known to be an endogenous antioxidant against cancer, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular diseases, of which oxidative stress plays a causal role. Interestingly, the mechanistic targets of DJ-1 as an antioxidant, including Daxx, Nrf2, thioredoxin, glutathione, α-synuclein, PTEN/PI3K/Akt, and Pink/Parkin are also associated with those oxidative stress-related diseases. Furthermore, activators of DJ-1 are available in the form of mortalin, phenylbutyrate and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1. It follows that activation of DJ-1 as a common endogenous antioxidant provides a new strategy against cancer, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular diseases. Since clinical trials on exogenous application of the known antioxidants have basically failed, an alternative approach would logically be to activate the endogenous antioxidants that are already present in the appropriate cellular locale where elevated oxidative stress is the culprit for the disease. At the same time, since oxidative stress is a common denominator among cancer, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular diseases, development of antioxidant therapy should target the reduction in reactive oxygen species. Instead of focusing on disease-oriented therapy, pharmaceutical companies should concentrate on developing agents and dosing schemes for effective activation of the endogenous antioxidants that are associated with a multitude of oxidative stress-related diseases (mechanism-oriented therapy).
Optical space communications: a key building block for wide area space networks

Space laser communications technology has been under development for over thirty years. The technology promises high capacity, low power consumption, light weight, small sizes and low costs for satellite crosslinks. It will be a key and critical building block for wide area space networks, supporting mobile users (terrestrial, airborne and spaceborne), high speed data services for small satellite terminals and serving as a backbone network for high speed trunking.
(Trimethylsilyl)phosphine as a Versatile Reagent for Syntheses of New 4-Sila- and 4-Phosphaphosphorinanes.

(Trimethylsilyl)phosphine (Me3SiPH2) undergoes radical P−H bond addition to vinylphosphines and -silanes to form new 4-phospha- and 4-silaphosphorinanes [vinyl reagent]: [PhP(CHCH2)2], PhP(C2H4)2P...