cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Helicobacter pylori Genes That Modulate Urease Activity

Helicobacter pylori urease, a nickel-requiring metalloenzyme, hydrolyzes urea to NH3 and CO2. We sought to identify H. pylori genes that modulate urease activity by constructing pHP8080, a plasmid which encodes both H. pylori urease and the NixA nickel transporter. Escherichia coli SE5000 and DH5α transformed with pHP8080 resulted in a high-level urease producer and a low-level urease producer, respectively. An H. pylori DNA library was cotransformed into SE5000 (pHP8080) and DH5α (pHP8080) and was screened for cotransformants expressing either lowered or heightened urease activity, respectively. Among the clones carrying urease-enhancing factors, 21 of 23 contained hp0548, a gene that potentially encodes a DNA helicase found within the cag pathogenicity island, and hp0511, a gene that potentially encodes a lipoprotein. Each of these genes, when subcloned, conferred a urease-enhancing activity in E. coli (pHP8080) compared with the vector control. Among clones carrying urease-decreasing factors, 11 of 13 clones contained the flbA (also known as flhA) flagellar biosynthesis/regulatory gene (hp1041), an lcrD homolog. The LcrD protein family is involved in type III secretion and flagellar secretion in pathogenic bacteria. Almost no urease activity was detected in E. coli (pHP8080) containing the subcloned flbA gene. Furthermore, there was significantly reduced synthesis of the urease structural subunits in E. coli (pHP8080) containing the flbA gene, as determined by Western blot analysis with UreA and UreB antiserum. Thus, flagellar biosynthesis and urease activity may be linked in H. pylori. These results suggest that H. pylori genes may modulate urease activity.
Proving the Lie: Litigating Police Credibility

This essay proposes a wider scope for a somewhat timeworn discussion - specifically, that police mendacity and the need to deter this form of police misconduct go to the very heart of our criminal justice system and the need for trust in government and its processes, of which search and seizure law and practice is only a small part. Being only a part of a much larger systemic societal problem, tinkering with search and seizure law and process alone will not heighten the police witness' respect for the oath.
IMPURITY DIFFUSION IN ION-IMPLANTED A1 DURING ELECTRON-BEAM-PULSED ANNEALING

Ion backscattering has been used to study the redistribution of Zn and Sb implanted in Al produced by pulsed annealing with an electron beam. In both cases changes in the impurity profiles were observed which were consistent with diffusional broadening. The magnitude of the broadening (A for Zn and 290 A for Sb) shows that diffusion in the liquid phase has occurred and gives an estimate of the melt time (˜ 3 × 10 –7 sec for a 1.6 J/cm 2 pulse). Conventional annealing in the solid phase produced similar broadening for Zn but not for Sb where precipitation inhibits impurity transport.
Development of a Weighted Cardiometabolic Disease Staging (CMDS) System for the Prediction of Future Diabetes

Context: Metabolic syndrome traits are important risk factors for diabetes; however, each trait has different predictive power for future diabetes. Additionally, the impact of insulin resistance on metabolic profile can differ by gender and racial group, suggesting that gender-race specific prediction algorithms for diabetes may be warranted. Objective: To develop a quantitative scoring system based on weighting of risk components in the cardiometabolic disease staging (CMDS) system for the prediction of future diabetes. Design, Setting, and Participants: We derived the CMDS score in 2857 participants with valid follow-up information on incident diabetes from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study and validated it in 6425 older participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. We assigned a simple integer value for each CMDS risk factor component. Main Outcome Measures: Incident diabetes. Results: Fasting glucose, 2-hour glucose, waist circumference, and blood pressure c...
Temporally coherent interpretations for long videos using pattern theory

Graph-theoretical methods have successfully provided semantic and structural interpretations of images and videos. A recent paper introduced a pattern-theoretic approach that allows construction of flexible graphs for representing interactions of actors with objects and inference is accomplished by an efficient annealing algorithm. Actions and objects are termed generators and their interactions are termed bonds; together they form high-probability configurations, or interpretations, of observed scenes. This work and other structural methods have generally been limited to analyzing short videos involving isolated actions. Here we provide an extension that uses additional temporal bonds across individual actions to enable semantic interpretations of longer videos. Longer temporal connections improve scene interpretations as they help discard (temporally) local solutions in favor of globally superior ones. Using this extension, we demonstrate improvements in understanding longer videos, compared to individual interpretations of non-overlapping time segments. We verified the success of our approach by generating interpretations for more than 700 video segments from the YouCook data set, with intricate videos that exhibit cluttered background, scenarios of occlusion, viewpoint variations and changing conditions of illumination. Interpretations for long video segments were able to yield performance increases of about 70% and, in addition, proved to be more robust to different severe scenarios of classification errors.
6 themes described how women with early-stage breast cancer perceived and experienced treatment decision making.

What are the processes or stages of treatment decision making (TDM) as perceived by women with early-stage breast cancer? Qualitative study. Teaching hospital and regional cancer centre in Ontario, Canada. Purposive sample of 21 women (age range 34–79 y), who had early-stage breast cancer, were referred for consultation about surgical or postsurgical systemic therapy options, and could speak and understand English. Treatment consultations with surgeons or medical oncologists were videotaped. In semistructured interviews 2 weeks after the treatment decision was made, women described how they made the decision and then watched tapes of their initial consultation. Tapes were stopped at predetermined times or spontaneously by participants when TDM appeared to be taking place, and women were asked to describe their thoughts at that time. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed thematically. 6 themes described women’s perceptions or experiences of TDM. (1) Before oncology consultations, women sought information about treatment options and resources from informal (family and friends) and formal …
Multiple stressors : Performance, psychophysiological and affective responses

Environmental demands rarely occur in isolation. Two studies examine the interactive effects of multiple, sequential stressors on cognitive performance and psychophysiological indices. The negative effects of noise on both concurrent and aftereffect performance and blood pressure are exacerbated by prior exposure to either a laboratory stressor (speech) or to a naturalistic stressor (university final examination). Participants also perceive greater workload demands when performing a laboratory task during the final examination period. Conceptual and public policy implications for studying stress within a more ecologically valid context of multiple environmental demands are discussed.
Estimation of rigid body motion using straight line correspondences

Abstract An algorithm for the estimation of rigid body motion using straight line correspondences is presented in this paper. In the case of pure translation, we present a linear algorithm using 5 line correspondences over 3 frames. In the case of general motion, it is found that the rotation and the translation parts are separable. The rotation part can be computed by the iterative solution of nonlinear equations based on 6 or more line correspondences over 3 frames. After the rotation is found, the translation part is determined just as in the pure translation case. For the special case of constant rotation, the convergence range of the iterative method is wide enough so that global search can be used to estimate the rotation matrix. However, for the case of variable rotation, global search appears computationally infeasible at present.
Label-Free Detection of Cytokines

Interleukin-2 (IL2) is a cytokine that regulates T-cell growth and is used in cancer therapies. By sensitizing the microcavity sensor surface with anti-IL2 and monitoring the resonant frequency, IL2 can be detected at therapeutic levels.
Optical waveguides fabricated by ion implantation of Si(+) and N(+) in SiO(2): a Raman investigation.

We report an investigation of optical waveguides that are fabricated by successive ion implantations at different energies of Si+ or N+ ions into SiO2 thermally grown on 〈100〉 Si substrates. Implantations of both the species result in optical waveguides that sustain propagation over the 5-cm length of the sample. Loss coefficients for the waveguides are measured by using Raman spectroscopy and are compared with the values obtained in the usual manner by collecting elastically scattered light. A typical loss determined by the Raman technique was 3.2 dB/cm for the Si-implanted waveguide. Raman data that are obtained in the waveguided configuration show a contribution to loss from luminescence. The luminescence signal is found to be modulated by an interference between the directly scattered radiation from the waveguide region and that reflected from the Si–SiO2 interface. Rapid thermal annealing is found to reduce the intensity of the luminescence and thus lower the value of the loss coefficient. The lowest loss obtained for the Si-implanted samples is 2.7 dB/cm and 3 dB/cm for the N+-implanted sample.
Language Abilities Following Prematurity, Periventricular Brain Injury, and Cerebral Palsy.

Abstract This study compares language abilities in three groups of children who were born prematurely: children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy associated with perinatal injury to the periventricular white matter of the brain; a group with similar brain injury but no motor impairement; and a group of controls with no brain injuries. Six boys in each group were 36 to 39 months of age at the time of the study. All achieved a standard score above 80 on the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities at the same age. Language samples, generated during parent-child interaction, were analyzed using the Child Language Data Exchange System. The size and diversity of the lexicon was assessed using types and tokens per minute. Morpho-syntactic skills were assessed using number of grammatical morphemes, mean length of utterance and the Index of Productive Syntax. Verbal productivity was assessed using number of utterances per minute. No significant differences were observed among any of the groups on any measure. Measures of the lexicon and morpho-syntactic skills were highly correlated with the scores on the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. The data demonstrated that specific language impairements were not associated with cerebral palsy or brain injury after prematurity at this early stage of language development. However, individual children within each of the groups had delays in skill attainment that warranted language intervention.
HOMOCLINIC ORBITS IN THE DYNAMICS OF RESONANTLY DRIVEN COUPLED PENDULA

We present a plethora of homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits that exist in the phase space of a weakly nonlinear model describing small oscillations of two resonantly driven coupled pendula. These orbits connect equilibria in a resonance band, which is contained in an invariant plane, and is born under perturbation out of a circle of equilibria. Their existence is shown by using a combination of the Melnikov method and singular perturbation techniques.
Detection of long-range dipole–dipole interactions between nuclear spins in distant solids

Abstract Prior work demonstrated that a given nuclear spin subset in a fluid can be monitored via the NMR signal from another, non-chemically bonded subset, even if within a separate container. Here we report an extension of these results to the case in which both ‘sample’ and ‘sensor’ spin systems are solids. For the present demonstration, we use the 71Ga signal from GaAs to detect the nuclear dipolar field induced by proton spins from an adjacent organic sample. Multipulse decoupling sequences are used to minimize homo- and heteronuclear couplings within the ‘sensor’ while preserving the long-range interaction with the proton field. Potential applications of this result are briefly discussed.
Renomedullary interstitial cells (RIC), prostaglandins (PG) and the antihypertensive function of the kidney.

Abstract The kidney appears to exert a non-excretory antihypertensive action in addition to its effect mediated by the control of sodium and water balance. Transplants of fragmented renal medulla exert an antihypertensive action and indicate that this area of the kidney contributes in a substantial way to this action. RIC are the most viable appearing cells in these transplants. A monolayer tissue culture of RIC can be derived from isogeneic grafts of transplanted renal medulla. The cultured RIC exert an antihypertensive action similar to that of transplanted renal medulla. The cultured RIC synthesize both PG's and a non-prostanoic antihypertensive moiety termed ANRL. It remains to be demonstrated whether either or both of these agents mediate the apparent antihypertensive action of RIC.
Bohmian histories and decoherent histories

The predictions of the Bohmian and the decoherent (or consistent) histories formulations of the quantum mechanics of a closed system are compared for histories--sequences of alternatives at a series of times. For certain kinds of histories, Bohmian mechanics and decoherent histories may both be formulated in the same mathematical framework within which they can be compared. In that framework, Bohmian mechanics and decoherent histories represent a given history by different operators. Their predictions for the probabilities of histories of a closed system therefore generally differ. However, in an idealized model of measurement, the predictions of Bohmian mechanics and decoherent histories coincide for the probabilities of records of measurement outcomes. The formulations are thus difficult to distinguish experimentally. They may differ in their accounts of the past history of the Universe in quantum cosmology.
Ignorance, myopia, and naivete´ in computer vision systems

Abstract After a period of tremendous excitement and enthusiasm, many industrial people and researchers are disenchanted with computer vision, and others are certainly much less enthusiastic about it. The time has come to regroup. To restore the upward trend of our field, critical introspection followed by serious corrective action is required. Active researchers in computer vision can make it a balanced science that can be applied in many disparate areas by following research approaches used in most of the successful applied scientific fields. Our aim in this paper is to provoke discussion and actions that may lead to corrections in our favorite research field.
Results of the prospective randomized trials for surgery versus catheter-directed thrombolysis of lower extremity arterial disease

The 1990s have witnessed the performance of several prospective, randomized trials-studies that provide a wealth of information on which to base clinical decisions. The Rochester trial randomized patients with very severe acute occlusions to immediate surgery or urokinase (UK) and documented survival benefits in the thrombolytic group. The Surgery or Thrombolysis for the Ischemic Lower Extremity trial studied patients with occlusions up to 6 months in duration, randomized into 3 groups, UK, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, and surgery. Although a significant difference was detected in the rate of ongoing and recurrent ischemia in favor of the surgical group, a post hoc analysis identified improved limb salvage in acute occlusions treated with thrombolysis. The most recent trial, the study of Thrombolysis or Peripheral Arterial Surgery, randomized patients with acute lower extremity occlusions to a recombinant form of UK or primary operation. Although no differences were detected with respect to survival or limb salvage, patients with thrombolysis required significantly fewer and less invasive interventions than the surgical patients to achieve these results. In summary, the observations of these three prospective trials suggest that thrombolysis may offer benefits to patients with acute peripheral arterial occlusions. Thrombolytic therapy should be considered in the setting of acute limb ischemia as a safe and effective treatment modality in this complex, medically fragile group of patients.
The tetrahedron equation and the four-simplex equation

Abstract The tetrahedron equation and the four-simplex equation are multidimensional generalizations of the Yang-Baxter or triangle equations. We discuss common features of these members of the family of “simplex equations”. Zamolodchikov's solution of the tetrahedron equation is rewritten in an algebraic form and a generalization of it to the four-simplex case is proposed. Relevance of the simplex equation for the understanding of multidimensional integrability is briefly discussed.
Voting over flat taxes in an endowment economy

Abstract We assume a majority rule mechanism and examine how society trades off exemption levels and tax rates in a simple endowmwnt economy using a flat tax. Contrary to the presumption in Foley (Yale Economic Essays, 1967, 7, 45–98), we find that preferences over these tax structures are not single peaked. However, we are able to prove existence and provide a simple characterization of the majority rule equilibrium.
Paraquat-resistant HeLa cells: increased cellular content of glutathione peroxidase

Paraquat-resistant HeLa cells were selected and characterized to determine the mechanism(s) of the toxic action of paraquat for cultured mammalian cells. From HeLa cells already selected for resistance to the toxicity of 40 microM paraquat more resistant cells were selected in 90 microM paraquat. In these more resistant cells (PQRHM90) one adaptation which occurred at the lesser concentration of paraquat, magnification of the cellular content of both the CuZn- and the Mn-containing superoxide dismutases, did not increase further. Instead, the cellular content of catalase and of glutathione peroxidase increased. The increased cellular content of glutathione peroxidase appeared more likely to have produced increased resistance to paraquat than did the augmented content of catalase because, after cultivation in the absence of paraquat, the cells retained both resistance to 90 microM paraquat and the increased content of glutathione peroxidase, while the content of catalase declined. The cellular content of reduced glutathione in the PQRHM90 cells grown in paraquat was diminished in comparison with that in the cells from which they derived. The data suggest that the PQRHM90 cells resisted the toxicity of paraquat by increasing the cellular activity of glutathione peroxidase as a means of detoxifying the H2O2 produced by paraquat.
Angular dependence of the strong-field ionization measured in randomly oriented hydrogen molecules

We employed electron-ion coincidence momentum spectroscopy to measure the relative angle between an emitted electron and a deuteron resulting from field dissociation of the molecular ion produced by a circularly polarized pulse. We deduced the angular dependence of the molecular ionization probability without having to align the molecules first. We determined that with 50 fs pulses of 1850 nm wavelength and $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{14}\text{ }\text{W}/{\text{cm}}^{2}$ intensity neutral ${\text{D}}_{2}$ molecules are 1.15 times more likely to be ionized when the laser electric field is parallel to the molecular axis than for the perpendicular orientation, in excellent agreement with our ab initio theoretical model. Our results also agree with predictions of the molecular Ammosov-Delone-Krainov (mo-ADK) theory, as well as those of a similar experiment performed with 800 nm pulses of comparable intensity and duration on ${\text{H}}_{2}$ molecules.
Equilibrium among potassium polytellurides in N,N-dimethylformamide solution

Abstract Reactions between elemental potassium and tellurium in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) are monitored using UV–visible spectroscopy and compared with those in liquid ammonia solution. In liquid ammonia, the elements react together, via a step-wise sequence, to form polytellurides, each of which is characterized by a distinctive color, the highest being potassium tritelluride. However, when the elements are combined in DMF, these distinctive color changes are not observed – the solution develops an initial plum color, which gradually darkens to purple as the reaction progresses. UV–visible and Raman spectroscopic studies indicate that equilibrium exists among the mono-, di-, and tritelluride in DMF. This equilibrium is not seen in liquid ammonia solution due to the insolubility of potassium monotelluride in that solvent. Spectral data also indicate that potassium tetratelluride is formed in DMF solution.
In the Face of the Machine: Westoxification , Cultural Globalization, and the Making of an Alternative Global Modernity

Some western scholars have interpreted criticisms of the West by Islamist and Middle Eastern intellectuals as expressions of anti-modernism and anti-globalization. Arguing that anti-westernism is often an attempt to fashion an alternative global modernity, this essay explores the ideas of one prominent social and political thinker in pre-revolutionary Islamic Iran, Jalal Al-e Ahmad. The article argues that his concept of westoxification challenges a binary understanding of Islam and modernity, and proffers a fresh understanding of both Iranian and Islamic conceptions of modern globalization.
An Analysis of work Incentives

Summary This paper presents national survey evidence from the 1970 Michigan Working Conditions Survey and the 1973 Michigan Quality of Employment Survey. The relationship between work values and perceived support for work values is examined by discrepancy rankings. This analysis extends the findings of White and Fein and bolsters their reservations in regard to several central claims of the quality of work movement. Evidence on unionized and nonunionized workers is also presented.
Ethnic variation of the P53 codon 72 polymorphism, HPV persistence, and cervical cancer risk

Association between the p53 codon 72 polymorphism and cervical cancer remains unresolved. We determined the association between the polymorphism and risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) persistence. The polymorphism was detected by restriction enzyme digestion following p53 amplification and HPV detection by the PGMY 09/11 primer set followed by reverse line blot hybridization: 3371 samples were analysed. HPV persistence was assessed on a subset of samples collected at baseline, four and 10 months (n =442). Highly significant differences were observed between ethnic groups (P <0.005). No associations were found between P53 arginine and cytological grade in women infected with any HPV or any oncogenic HPV, despite adjustment for ethnicity. These results were sustained even when HPV-negative women were used as controls. Persistence for any or oncogenic HPV infection was not associated with the polymorphism, irrespective or ethnicity adjustment. Our findings do not support a role for this polymorphism conferring elevated risk for HPV-related disease.
Similar hydrodynamic transitions in adsorbed layers of backbone-adsorbing and end-adsorbing polymers

Results concerning the hydrodynamic thickness of adsorbed polymer layers were reanalyzed to reveal a near-universal dependence on surface loading at low and intermediate concentrations. This was fo...
Impact of high rate discharge on the aging of lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide batteries

Abstract In this study, three identical LiNi x Co y Al 1−x−y O 2 , (NCA) batteries are evaluated to understand the impact of high rate discharge on the rate of capacity fade. The first of the three cells is repeatedly discharged in a pulse width modulated (PWM) manner at a frequency of 10 kHz, duty cycle of 50%, and peak rate of 83C (250 A). The second cell is repeatedly discharged at a constant current (CC) rate of 25C (75 A) while the third cell, which serves as the control cell, is discharged at its nominal CC rate of 1C (3 A). All three cells are recharged using a 1C CC recharge procedure to minimize the impact of recharge on cell aging. Novel and commercially procured battery cyclers are used to experimentally discharge and recharge the cells. Periodic baseline measurements, in which both capacity and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements show that the degradation mechanisms are enhanced under high rate pulse discharge cycling conditions. EIS modeling points to breakdown in the integrity of the anodic side double layer and increased charge transfer resistance as the largest contributors to impedance evolution in the cell.
NOX1 NADPH oxidase regulation by the NOXA1 SH3 domain

Abstract We investigated the role of the single SH3 domain of NOXA1 in NOX1 NADPH oxidase function using wild-type and mutated NOXA1 and the products of two variant NOXA1 transcripts isolated from CaCo2 cells by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The first variant, NOXA1 trunc , contained a number of point mutations, including A51T, T261A, and a nonsense mutation at position 274. On transfection into K562 cells stably expressing NOX1 and NOXO1, both NOXA1 trunc and an equivalent truncated wild-type NOXA1(1-273) were expressed as ∼ 29-kDa truncated NOXA1 proteins lacking both PB1 and SH3 domains, yet both were as active as wild-type NOXA1 in phorbol-stimulated superoxide generation. Kinetic analysis demonstrated that truncated NOXA1 activated the NOX1 system at an accelerated rate compared with NOXA1. Deletion studies showed that the slower kinetics of wild-type NOXA1 depended primarily on its SH3 domain, suggesting SH3-dependent delay in forming the active NOX1/NOXO1/NOXA1 complex. The second variant, NOXA1 inhib , encoded a protein lacking the activation domain due to absence of exons 5 and 6 but including a heptapeptide (EPDVPLA) SH3 domain insertion resulting from alternative splicing in exon 14. NOXA1 inhib failed to support superoxide-generating activity and exhibited transdominant inhibition of NOXA1. Insertion of the heptapeptide into the corresponding site in wild-type NOXA1 inhibited its activity by ∼ 90%, rendered it a transdominant inhibitor of wild-type NOXA1, and abrogated binding of its SH3 domain to NOXO1 and p47 phox . These studies demonstrate that, in reconstituted NOX1/NOXO1/NOXA1 systems, the NOXA1 SH3 domain is not required for function but, when present, can critically modulate the activity of the enzyme system.
Large-area blackbody emissivity variation with observation angle

ABSTRACT Calibration of wide-angle (100°+ field of view) long wave infrared cameras with commercially available large-area blackbody calibration targets poses problems. Typically the emissivity of blackbody sources is specified on axis and up to angles of approximately 20°. For wide-angle camera calibration the emissivity needs to be known out to 60° or greater. Presented is a technique that uses the known on-axis emissivity for the blackbody and changes in radiance with angle to determine the angle-dependent emissivity. Four commercial blackbodies with various surface structures were measured. The emissivity was found to be significantly angle dependent beyond 30°, dropping to 0.95 or less by 60°. Keywords: Blackbody, emissivity, thermal imaging, calibration 1. INTRODUCTION Research is being conducted at the Montana State University (MSU) Optical Remote Sensor Laboratory (ORSL) on the development of radiometrically calibrated, wide-angle, long-wave infrared (LWIR) imagers. These systems are being developed for a variety of environmental remote sensing applications
Imaging of glutamate in brain slices using FRET sensors

The neurotransmitter glutamate is the mediator of excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. Release of this signaling molecule is carefully controlled by multiple mechanisms, yet the methods available to measure released glutamate have been limited in spatial and/or temporal domains. We have developed a novel technique to visualize glutamate release in brain slices using three purified fluorescence (Forster) energy resonance transfer (FRET)-based glutamate sensor proteins. Using a simple loading protocol, the FRET sensor proteins diffuse deeply into the extracellular space and remain functional for many tens of minutes. This allows imaging of glutamate release in brain slices with simultaneous electrophysiological recordings and provides temporal and spatial resolution not previously possible. Using this glutamate FRET sensor loading and imaging protocol, we show that changes in network excitability and glutamate re-uptake alter evoked glutamate transients and produce correlated changes in evoked-cortical field potentials. Given the sophisticated advantages of brain slices for electrophysiological and imaging protocols, the ability to perform real-time imaging of glutamate in slices should lead to key insights in brain function relevant to plasticity, development and pathology. This technique also provides a unique assay of network activity that compliments alternative techniques such as voltage-sensitive dyes and multi-electrode arrays.
On DNA hybridiziation and modern genomics – Roy John Britten (October 1, 1919 – January 21, 2012)

Roy John Britten died of cancer on January 21, 2012 at the age of 92. He published his last research paper in 2010, around the time of his 91st birthday. His contribution to science seems quiet in this day of banner headlines and stock quotes, but his work lies at the base of much that we do in molecular biology today. His was one of the truly brilliant minds working at the time that molecular biology came of age and beyond. His path through the world was unique in so many ways.
Drosophila mutations that alter ionic conduction disrupt acquisition and retention of a conditioned odor avoidance response.

(1986). Drosophila Mutations that Alter Ionic Conduction Disrupt Acquisition and Retention of a Conditioned Odor Avoidance Response. Journal of Neurogenetics: Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 187-201.
Elastic transfer in the scattering of 16O by 28Si

Abstract It is shown that the interference of potential scattering and elastic transfer amplitudes can account for the recently observed gross structure in the excitation function for elastic scattering of 16O by 28Si at 180°.
The Role of Fringe Benefits in Operator Off-Farm Labor Supply

The last thirty years have seen a major shift in the share of total compensation paid to workers in the form of nonwage fringe benefits, that is, payments in a form other than currently spendable cash (Chen). Fringe benefits have become increasingly important because they are a source of income that receives preferential tax treatment, and can often be offered at group savings, as in the case of purchase oflife and health insurance.
Expanding newborn screening for lysosomal disorders: opportunities and challenges.

Newborn screening (NBS), since its implementation in the 1960s, has traditionally been successful in reducing mortality and disability in children with a range of different conditions. Lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are a heterogeneous group of inherited metabolic diseases that result from lysosomal dysfunction. Based on available treatment and suitable screening methods, the LSDs that are considered for NBS generally include Fabry, Gaucher, Krabbe, MPSI, MPSII, MPSV, Metachromatic leukodystrophy, Niemann-Pick, and Pompe. Utilizing traditional and expanded criteria for consideration of NBS leads to a set of fundamental questions that need to be explored when considering the opportunities and challenges of adding LSDs to NBS panels. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2011; 17:9–14.
The SNARE Complex from Yeast Is Partially Unstructured on the Membrane

Molecular recognition between cognate SNAREs leads to the formation of a four-helix bundle, which facilitates vesicle docking and membrane fusion. For a SNARE system involved in trafficking in yeast, target membrane (t-) SNARE Sso1p and vesicle associated (v-) SNARE Snc2p contribute one SNARE motif each, whereas another t-SNARE (Sec9) donates two N-terminal and C-terminal SNARE motifs (SN1 and SN2) to the helical bundle. By use of EPR, it is found that SN2 has a tendency to be uncoiled, leaving a significant population of the SNARE complexes to be partially unstructured on the membrane. In sharp contrast, SN2 is fully engaged in the four-helix bundle when removed from the membrane, showing that the membrane is the main destabilizing factor. Helix-breaking proline mutations in SN2 did not affect the rate of docking but reduced the rate of lipid mixing significantly, indicating that SN2 plays an essential role in activating the transition from docking to fusion.
Observations on tetanus immunization: The dosage of alum-precipitated toxoid and the use of fluid toxoid after trauma

CTIVE immunization against tetanus has established itself with surprising speed. Dunkirk, Pearl Harbor, and Libya were convincing field trials. 1~ Only military engagements could have furnished the proof of the potency of tetanus toxoid in such a short time. Since the first publication of Ramon and Zoeller, ~ many studies on the tetanus antitoxin production following different preparations, different dosages, and varying intervals have appeared. Reviews ~'1~ of the subject are recent. The optimal procedures to be used for adults in military service and for infants and children, however, are unsettled. Age and occupation certainly have an important bearing on the technique used. The following studies on infants and children may not be applicable to immunization in the Armed Forces. However, as they bear on some of the still debated potentialities of tetanus toxoids, they may interest the " immuni ty officer" as well as the pediatrician.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Bridged Triarylamine Helicenes

The first examples of circularly polarized luminescence from chiral bridged triarylamine-based heterohelicene molecules are reported. The luminescence dissymmetry factors are ∼|0.001|.
A study of sulfuric and Acetic acid effect on vertically aligned carbon Nanofibers for bio/chemical sensors development

Materials behave differently with different chemicals. Carbon Nanofibers are no exclusion for this. During the fabrication process of carbon nanofibers, the chips are treated with a lot of chemicals including a variety of acids. Thus with a better understanding about the fibers behavior in the presence of commonly used acids will give us edge in the development of the well defined fibers. In our previous papers, we have discussed about the effects of Hydrogen Fluoride (HF), Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) on the carbon nanofibers dimensions. In this paper, impact of sulfuric and Acetic acid are discussed and statistically analyzed.
CCK receptors and human neurological disease.

Abstract Cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor binding was measured in postmortem brain tissue of patients with Alzheimer's dementia, Huntington's chorea, and neurologically healthy matched controls. CCK binding was significantly reduced in the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex of Huntington's patients, but was normal in the temporal and cingulate cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease. These findings indicate that CCK receptor loss is unique to specific neurodegenerative disease(s), and that CCK may be involved in the symptoms of Huntington's disease but is not implicated in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's dementia.
Paleomagnetic field intensity recorded in submarine basaltic glass from the East Pacific Rise, the last 69 KA

Paleointensity determinations were obtained from basaltic glass recovered from the northern East Pacific Rise using the Thelliers' (1959) method as applied by Pick and Tauxe (1993a). The samples are up to a69 Ka old based on their distance from the ridge axis and U-series disequilibria measurements. The results show a general increase in paleointensity of the field from 69 Ka to the present with values ranging from 50% higher than the present field to as low as 26% of the present dipole field. The average dipole moment is 8.32 × 1022 Am² which is similar to the present axial dipole moment. The results are in general agreement with other absolute and relative paleointensity records.
Dip Pen Nanolithography of Conductive Silver Traces

We report the first demonstration of subμm, sub-50-μΩ·cm conductive traces directly written by Dip Pen Nanolithography (DPN). We achieved subμm Ag lines with 28.8 μΩ·cm average resistivity after direct-write printing from a silver nanoparticle-based ink suspension and annealing at 150 °C for 10 min. This compares to Ag bulk resistivity of 1.63 μΩ·cm, where the difference is within the range of previously reported variations in conductivity of Ag-based inks due to annealing conditions and larger width scales. We leveraged DPN’s ability to directly place materials at specific locations in order to fabricate and characterize these conductive silver (Ag) traces on electrode patterns and multiple substrates (SiO2, Kapton, mica). The low viscosity of the AgNP ink solution allowed write speeds up to 1600 μm/s, almost 4 orders of magnitude higher than typical thiol-on-gold DPN writing speeds. This direct-write methodology paves the way for site-specific deposition of metallic materials for use in applications suc...
Exact, Approximate, and Guaranteed Accuracy Algorithms for the Flow-Shop Problem n / 2 / F / F¯

Improved exact and approximate algorithms for the n-job two-machine mean finishing time flow-shop problem, n/2JF/P, are presented While other researchers have used a variety of approximate methods to generate suboptimal solutions and branch-and-bound algorithms to gen- erate exact solutmns to sequencing problems, thin work demonstrates the computatmnal effectiveness of couphng the two methods to generate solutmns with a guaranteed accuracy. The computational reqmrements of exact, approximate, and guaranteed accuracy algorithms are compared expem- mentally on a set of test problems ranging in size from 10 to 50 jobs The approach is readily apphca- ble to other sequencing problems
Radon adsorption on activated carbon and the effect of some airborne contaminants

The adsorption and desorption of radon on five types of activated carbon and the effect of various airborne contaminants on the adsorption process was studied, the dynamic adsorption coefficient for the carbon samples tested was found to range from 2.4 +/- 0.2 to 7.1 +/- 0.71 g-1. Iso-octane was found to reduce the dynamic adsorption coefficient significantly.
Ordering and Production Decisions with Supply Quality and Demand Uncertainty

In this paper, we solve a production planning problem that has a direct bearing on the cost to a facility of vendor quality and reliability. This solution is also an important first step in solving the multi-plant coordination problem. We consider a manufacturing facility with one critical raw material, and one or more products whose demand needs to be met. It is assumed that demand for finished goods and the arrival process for raw material are stochastic. We calculate simultaneously the optimal production level, and the raw material order quantity which minimize the total expected cost subject to capacity and release level constraints. The results obtained by our model the integrated model show that the production level should be no larger than the production level obtained by solving the traditional nonintegrated models, and that major savings are obtained by solving the integrated model. We are also able to characterize and evaluate the cost of reliable supplies of raw material. In addition we solve the above problem in the presence of capacity constraints. A procedure which allocates capacity to different products is presented.
Clipping Noise Model Based Fast ML Decoding for OSTBC and QOSTBC in Clipped MIMO-OFDM Systems

An efficient way to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in OFDM systems is clipping. After the clipping in an MIMO-OFDM system, the additive noise may not be white. In this paper, we develop fast ML decoding algorithms for orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBC) and quasi orthogonal space-time block codes (QOSTBC) in clipped MIMO-OFDM systems by using a clipping noise model with Gaussian approximation. By using the statistics of the clipping distortions, our newly proposed fast ML decoding algorithms improve the performance for clipped MIMO-OFDM systems with OSTBC and QOSTBC without increasing the decoding complexity. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the improvement.
Nucleon-nucleon quasi-free scattering in the p+d → p+p+n reaction at low bombarding energies

Abstract Proton-proton and proton-neutron quasi-free scattering (QFS) contributions in the p+d → p+p+n reaction have been measured for proton bombarding energies 4.5–13.0 MeV. The impulse approximation gives a good description of the measured spectral shapes for θ 1 = − θ 2 = 30°, and when normalized (with a factor ≈ 0.2 for p-p QFS and a factor ≈ 0.3 for n-p QFS) describes the peak cross-section energy dependence surprisingly well. The ratio of the peak cross sections ( σ np / σ pp ) exp is ≈ 2.0 for most of the bombarding energies, while the simple impulse approximation predicts ( σ np / σ pp ) imp ≈ 1.3. Coulomb effects are found not to be significant. The influence of the final-state interaction on the measured spectra has been discussed.
Evidence for single electron transfer in the reaction of alkoxides with alkyl halides

Abstract Evidence for a radical process in the reaction of lithium alkoxides with alkyl iodides was obtained by the observation of cyclization of appropriate radical probes, by the trapping of radicals, and by EPR spectroscopic observations relating to the one electron donor properties of alkoxides.
Scopolamine effects on Hamilton search task performance in monkeys.

Abstract The Hamilton search task, a test of spatial memory, was given to adult monkeys after administration of scopolamine. Three monkeys had been exposed to lead during development and two were controls. The task consisted of opening eight boxes, one per trial, for food reinforcement, with a 20 second delay between trials. The monkey had to remember which boxes it had already opened and avoid them to obtain the remaining reinforcements. Percents correct response, openings-to-repeat, trials per session, repetitive index and response latency were measured. There were no significant lead-related effects. Significant scopolamine-induced deficits were detected with four of the measures. The low doses of scopolamine (1–3 μg/kg) did not affect response accuracy, but 15 and 30 μg/kg caused impairments. Only 30 μg/kg substantially increased latency. This is like other memory tests in monkeys and rats in that it is sensitive to anticholinergic challenge. Cognitive performance deficits were detected at a dose ( 15 μg/kg) which did not cause increased response latency. The Hamilton search task is a flexible and sensitive memory task for monkeys, analogous to the radial arm maze in the rat.
Dynamics of early wolf and cougar eradication efforts in Montana: implications for conservation

Abstract Bounty records from Montana (1902–1930) were used to better understand spatial and temporal response of wolves ( Canis lupus ) and cougars ( Puma concolor ) to an eradication program. Number of payments for wolves declined from a high of 4116 in 1903 to 0 by 1928. Numbers of cougar pelts fluctuated, but generally declined from 177 in 1908 to 2 in 1930. An inverse spatial relationship existed between density of payments for wolves and cougars. Payments for wolves were greatest in the Prairie ecoregion, while payments for cougars were greatest in the Montane. The ratio of pup to adult wolves also was greatest in the Prairie ecoregion and least in the montane. If distribution and frequency of bounty payments were a reflection of the distribution and abundance of wolves, populations were highest and most productive in areas where they currently do not occur.
Bayesian Analysis of a Two-State Markov Modulated Poisson Process

Abstract We postulate observations from a Poisson process whose rate parameter modulates between two values determined by an unobserved Markov chain. The theory switches from continuous to discrete time by considering the intervals between observations as a sequence of dependent random variables. A result from hidden Markov models allows us to sample from the posterior distribution of the model parameters given the observed event times using a Gibbs sampler with only two steps per iteration.
When less is more: evolutionary origins of the affect heuristic.

The human mind is built for approximations. When considering the value of a large aggregate of different items, for example, we typically do not summate the many individual values. Instead, we appear to form an immediate impression of the likeability of the option based on the average quality of the full collection, which is easier to evaluate and remember. While useful in many situations, this affect heuristic can lead to apparently irrational decision-making. For example, studies have shown that people are willing to pay more for a small set of high-quality goods than for the same set of high-quality goods with lower-quality items added [e.g. 1]. We explored whether this kind of choice behavior could be seen in other primates. In two experiments, one in the laboratory and one in the field, using two different sets of food items, we found that rhesus monkeys preferred a highly-valued food item alone to the identical item paired with a food of positive but lower value. This finding provides experimental evidence that, under certain conditions, macaque monkeys follow an affect heuristic that can cause them to prefer less food. Conservation of this affect heuristic could account for similar ‘irrational’ biases in humans, and may reflect a more general complexity reduction strategy in which averages, prototypes, or stereotypes represent a set or group.
What Does Physics Have to Do With Cancer

Large-scale cancer genomics, proteomics and RNA-sequencing efforts are currently mapping in fine detail the genetic and biochemical alterations that occur in cancer. However, it is becoming clear that it is difficult to integrate and interpret these data and to translate them into treatments. This difficulty is compounded by the recognition that cancer cells evolve, and that initiation, progression and metastasis are influenced by a wide variety of factors. To help tackle this challenge, the US National Cancer Institute Physical Sciences-Oncology Centers initiative is bringing together physicists, cancer biologists, chemists, mathematicians and engineers. How are we beginning to address cancer from the perspective of the physical sciences?