cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High temperature-high pressure synthesis of a new phase of LaCuO3

Abstract We report evidence of a modified procedure for the synthesis of LaCuO3 at elevated pressures and temperatures. LaCuO3 crystallizes in a rhombohedral lattice which represents a small distortion of the perovskite cubic cell; the rhombohedral lattice parameters are: a = 5.426 A and α = 60.89°. We find that upon heating the material to temperatures above 408°C, it undergoes an irreversible phase transition to a new crystal structure. X-ray data from the new polymorph can be indexed to a tetragonal unit cell having lattice parameters of a = 5.431 ± 0.007 A and c = 7.836 ± 0.013 A . This new cell can also be viewed as a distorted perovskite and, assuming 4 formula units in the cell, there is fractional density decrease of 0.3% in transforming from the rhombohedral to the tetragonal cell. Based on the similarly between these structures and the recently discovered high Tc Cu-oxides, tests have been run for evidence of superconductivity. So far the results have been negative.
RECOGNITION DECREMENT FOR MODES OF LETTER FORMS

40 undergraduates were presented with simple letters made up of patterned line modes. Other subjects were shown the same modes but in the form of parallel unconnected lines. On subsequent recognition tests recognition was superior for the lines presented in the unconnected condition. This was true despite various types of recognition tests designed to control for possible bias in favor of the unconnected condition. These improved procedures support the suggestion that the articulated form itself becomes an added factor in the memory span that hinders retention of its component elements.
Utility of culture redox potential for identifying metabolic state changes in amino acid fermentation

We investigated the relationship of dissolved oxygen and culture redox potential (CRP) on amino acid production. Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 14296 was used for all experiments. The fermentation can be divided into a growth phase and a production phase. Our results indicate that in order to get higher amino acid production, a lower oxygen supply during the exponential phase is favored. A higher oxygen supply rate appears to be necessary during the production phase. Culture redox potential (CRP) was used to monitor the fermentation. CRP readings were observed to drop to a characteristic minimum value as the metabolic state changed from a growth to production phase. This was evidenced by the commencement of amino acid production and a simultaneous uptake of lactate. Upon lactate exhaustion, the CRP increased abruptly. At the same time, maximal amino acid yields were observed. By the use of minimum CRP as an indication of metabolic phase changes, the agitation rate was changed to increase oxygen supply during the production phase. This significantly increased amino acid production. These results show that culture redox potential measurements can be used to monitor and optimize amino acid production by process manipulation.
Diatom flux in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

Abstract Quantitative floral analyses have been performed on sea ice, sediment trap, and surface sediment samples collected from six sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Although diatom abundances in the sea ice reach 108–109 cells m−2, maximum diatom fluxes between October–December, 1984, as measured in the sediment trap samples, are only 105–107 individuals m−2 day−1. The cumulative flux of diatoms for this three month period is approximately 107–109 individuals m−2, possibly an order of magnitude less than the sea ice abundances, implying that diatom and opal flux must significantly increase when the sea ice melts and releases those particles previously trapped in the ice. Five species dominate the sea ice assemblage -Amphiprora sp.,Pleurosigma sp.,Nitzschia stellata, Pinnularia quadratarea, andNitzschia curta. These species are also common in the water column, along withThalassiosira spp., a genus rarely found within the sea ice. Within the upper 250 m of the water column, at a site in Granite Harbor, diatom flux decreases between 47–79% from 34 to 220 m. Opal flux, however, decreases by only 13–40% over this same interval, indicating that dissolution of thinly silicified diatom frustules has occurred. At mid-water depths, increases in absolute diatom flux of two species in particular,Nitzschia curta andThalassiosira spp., may indicate their transport from other areas. At all sites, the greatest increase in diatom flux occurs just above the sea floor. Resuspension of diatom tests and/or lateral advection creates a near-bottom nepheloid layer in which significant modification of the diatom assemblage occurs. A combination of preferential dissolution of those forms which dominate the sea ice and dilution of the assemblage with resuspended and/or advected diatoms representative of many year averages of the flora may be responsible for the production of a sediment assemblage primarily made up ofThalassiosira spp.,Nitzschia curta, and other robust forms ofNitzschia.
Efficacy of Intramuscular Oxytetracycline as a Dry Cow Treatment for Staphylococcus aureus Mastitis

To determine the efficacy of intramuscular oxytetracycline as a supplemental dry cow treatment for Staphylococcus aureus mastitis, 37 Holstein cows were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: intracisternal infusion with a commercial preparation of cephapirin benzathine at drying off (20 cows) and infusion with cephapirin benzathine at drying off and intramuscular oxytetracycline at 11 mg/kg once daily on d 7, 8, 9, and 10 after drying off (17 cows). Milk samples collected 7, 14, 30, and 60 d after calving were plated for bacterial isolation within 24 h after collection and after 24 to 72 h of storage at -20 degrees C. Quarters were defined as infected if S. aureus was isolated from the fresh and frozen cultures from any one sample collected before drying off. An infected quarter was defined as cured if S. aureus was not isolated from the fresh or frozen culture from milk samples obtained following calving. The rate of cure by 30 d after calving for systemic oxytetracycline (in combination with cephapirin treatment) was 29.4% for infected quarters and 29.4% for infected cows, compared with 27.5 and 25.0%, respectively, for the cephapirin treatment only. Results including the culture at 60 d after calving were 21.2 and 22.5%, respectively, for combination therapy and cephapirin therapy only. Systemic oxytetracycline, in combination with intramammary dry cow treatment, did not improve the rate of cure for S. aureus mastitis.
Phosphine Exposures in Grain Elevators during Fumigation with Aluminum Phosphide

Abstract The Industrywide Studies Branch, DSHEFS, of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a series of four industrial hygiene surveys in 1985 and 1986 to assess worker exposures to phosphine during the treatment of grain with aluminum phosphide fumigant products. Full-shift breathing zone sampling to measure workers' exposures to phosphine and area monitoring were conducted. In addition, short-term measurements were made to evaluate very brief (2–5 min) peak exposures during specific job tasks and peak concentrations from suspected sources of high concentrations. Results indicate that the use of aluminum phosphide can result in demonstrable, and frequently excessive, exposures when compared to relevant occupational evaluation criteria, even under very cold air temperatures ranging as low as −8°C (18°F). Full-shift personal exposures to phosphine ranged from non-detectable (<0.01 ppm) to 1.6 ppm, which is more than five times the current Occupational Safety and Health...
Cosolvent-induced transformation of a death domain tertiary structure

The death domain (DD) of the protein kinase Pelle adopts a six-helix bundle fold in the crystal structure of the complex with its dimerization partner, Tube-DD. However, in crystals obtained from a solution of 45% 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol (MPD), the C-terminal half of Pelle-DD folds into a single helix, and the N-terminal half of the molecule is disordered. The helical segment forms an antiparallel dimer with the corresponding helix of a symmetry-related molecule, and together they form extensive lattice interactions similar in number, composition, and buried surface to those in the six-helix bundle of the native fold. Secondary structure analysis by heteronuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) demonstrates that Pelle-DD adopts a six-helix bundle fold in aqueous solution. The fold is perturbed by MPD, with the largest chemical shift changes in one helix and two loop regions that encompass the Tube-DD binding site. Pelle-DD is stable to urea denaturation with a folding free energy of 7.9 kcal/mol at 25°C but is destabilized, with loss of urea binding sites, in the presence of MPD. The data are consistent with a cosolvent denaturation model in which MPD denatures the N terminus of Pelle-DD but induces the C terminus to form a more compact structure and aggregate. A similar perturbation in vivo might occur at the plasma membrane and could have consequences for Pelle-mediated regulation. Generally, crystallographers should be aware that high concentrations of MPD or related cosolvents can alter the tertiary structure of susceptible proteins.
Longitudinal analysis of deciduous tooth emergence in Indonesian children. I. Life table methodology.

Deciduous tooth emergence was investigated in a sample of 468 children from central Java. The subjects were examined every 35 days for up to 2 years. Statistics on the timing of emergence for each tooth were derived from actuarial life table estimates, and male and female survivorship curves of tooth emergence were compared for statistical sex differences. Javanese children exhibited delayed emergence compared to other populations. No overall pattern of sexual dimorphism was detected, although upper first molars emerged significantly earlier in females. A comparison of emergence sequence polymorphisms between Javanese, Finnish, and Japanese children revealed that the i1-i2-m1-c-m2 sequence is most common in all three populations, but each shows a uniquely higher proportion of one or more less common polymorphisms.
Excitatory amino acid receptors may mediate the effects of light on the reproductive system of the golden hamster.

Seasonal regulation of reproduction occurs In golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) in response so changes in day length (photoperlod). We report here the results of experiments designed to evaluate whether excitatory amino acid ncurotransmission is Involved In mediating the effects of light on reproduction. We found that MK.80l, a specific antagonist of the N-methyl.Daspartate subclass of excitatory amino acid receptors, blocked the stimulatory action of short pulses of light on gonadal function In hamsters maintained In short days. Furthermore, MK.801 also Inhibited the light-Induced decline in pineal melatonin content These findings suggest that excitatory amino acids may mediate the effects of light on the reproductive system.
Studies of shock/turbulent shear layer interaction using Large-Eddy Simulation

Abstract Shock/shear/turbulence interactions are simulated using Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) with a new localized subgrid closure approach. Both normal and oblique shocks interactions with turbulence are considered. The LES methodology adopted here combines a hybrid numerical scheme that switches automatically and locally between a shock-capturing scheme and a low-dissipation high-order central scheme. The fundamental role of the diffusion of turbulent kinetic energy by pressure fluctuations in the problem of normal shock/isotropic turbulence interaction is stressed in the DNS study, and accounted for in the closure model. The study of the interaction between two oblique shocks and a turbulent shear layer shows that the turbulence evolution is mostly affected by two competing phenomena. An amplification of the turbulent levels occurs downstream of the interaction, and the mixing layer growth rate is significantly increased. However, the integrated production of turbulent energy across the mixing layer is reduced, and the increase in mixing is found to be localized in space, the turbulent statistics quickly relaxing to their undisturbed levels. Furthermore, the increase in vorticity from the compression of the mixing layer remains small, unaffected by the presence of turbulent and coherent structures.
First-principles estimates of equilibrium magnesium isotope fractionation in silicate, oxide, carbonate and hexaaquamagnesium(2+) crystals

Equilibrium mass-dependent magnesium isotope fractionation factors are estimated for a range of crystalline compounds including oxides, silicates, carbonates, and salts containing the Mg(H2O)62+ solvation complex. Fractionation factors for the gas-phase species Mg and MgO are also presented. Fractionation factors are calculated with density functional perturbation theory (DFPT), using norm-conserving pseudopotentials. The results suggest that there will be substantial inter-mineral fractionation, particularly between tetrahedrally coordinated Mg2+ in spinel (MgAl2O4) and the more common octahedrally coordinated Mg2+-sites in silicate and carbonate minerals. Isotope fractionations calculated for Mg2+ in hexaaquamagnesium(2+) salts are in good agreement with previous fractionation models of Mgaq2+ based on large molecular clusters (Black et al., 2007), but show possibly more significant disagreement with a more recent study (Rustad et al., 2010). These models further suggest that solvated Mgaq2+, in the form of Mg(H2O)62+, will have higher 26Mg/24Mg than coexisting magnesite and dolomite. Calculated fractionations are consistent with Mg-isotope fractionations observed in peridotite mineral separates and inorganic carbonate precipitates. Predicted large, temperature-sensitive spinel-silicate fractionations, in particular, may find use in determining equilibration temperatures of peridotites and other high-temperature rock types.
Complexity of the likelihood surface for a large DNA dataset.

The maximum likelihood (ML) criteria for phylogenetic tree estimation is becoming increasingly popular among those wishing to reconstruct the evolutionary history of a collection of DNA sequences. This is happening in part because of the availability of likelihood methods in widely used programs such as PAUP¤ (Swofford, 1998) and PHYLIP (Felsenstein, 1993), and the recognition that likelihoodmethods offer several advantages over other reconstruction criteria. These advantages include interpretability of the underlying models, consistency in the statistical sense (Felsenstein, 1981;Hasegawa et al., 1991; Yang, 1994; Chang, 1996; Rogers, 1997), and the possibility of statistical testing of hypotheses by using the likelihood framework (Kishino and Hasegawa, 1989; Goldman, 1993). The application of likelihood methods to large datasets has been limited, however, by the prohibitive amount of time required by the available algorithms for ML estimation. Consequently, detailed investigation of the likelihood surface has not been undertaken for large datasets (Sanderson andKim, 2000), and therefore the impact of the complexity of the likelihood surface on estimation procedures has not been studied extensively. Studies of the complexity of the space of phylogenetic trees have been undertaken for other estimation criteria. For example, Maddison (1991) discussed the existence of islands of most parsimonious trees and the importance of recognizing the existence of such groups of optimal trees. Page (1993) looked at islands of most-parsimonious trees in the context of the various rearrangement procedures that give rise to these islands and discussed the implications for tree-searching algorithms. Both authors agreed that searching for all of the islands of most-parsimonious trees is an important step in any analysis that uses parsimony as the optimality criteria. Here I examine the likelihood surface for a moderately large, real dataset consisting of 30 papillomavirus sequences: 28 human papillomavirus (HPVs), a rhesus papillomavirus, and a pygmy chimpanzee papillomavirus. The data source is a 1,382-bp segment of the L1 gene from which all sites containing insertions or deletions in one or more of the sequences have been removed. The aligned data were downloaded from the Los Alamos National Database website (http://hpv-web.lanl.gov). For further details about the data, see Chan et al. (1992, 1995), Ong et al. (1997), and Salter (1999).
Supramolecular Assemblies from Amphiphilic Homopolymers: Testing the Scope

It has been shown by us in a recent communication that homopolymers, in which each repeat unit contains a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic head group, are capable of forming environment-dependent micellar or inverse micellar assemblies. A systematic structure-property relationship study is carried out here to test the scope of the design. We show here that the molecular design is indeed broadly applicable and that there is a significant gain in the critical aggregation concentrations of these polymers, as compared to the small molecule counterparts. We also show that the design can be tuned to achieve vesicle-type assemblies, which further expands the repertoire of amphiphilic homopolymers in a variety of areas. Characterizations of these assemblies have been carried out using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, static light scattering, and dye incorporation experiments.
Blood pool MRI contrast agent use in pediatric patients for vascular imaging

Learning Objectives We review the imaging technique, discuss advantages/disadvantages, and provide examples of cases where blood pool (BP) contrast MRI may provide new options for pediatric disease detection and monitoring. Background BP contrast agents are a relatively new and promising option in the MR assessment of disease, but currently the experience and published/recognized indications for the use of these agents are limited in the pediatric population. Gadofoveset trisodium (Ablavar) binds reversibly to albumin causing a prolonged BP residence and increasing T1 shortening. Although aortoiliac disease in adults is currently the only FDA-approved indication, other potential applications for BP agents are under investigation. Compared to traditional MRA, BP agents allow for both arterial and venous phase imaging, as well as delayed venous imaging independent of bolus timing. This enables repeat imaging without re-injection, covering a larger anatomic area, e.g. head to foot, if necessary. Clinical Findings/Procedure Details We retrospectively reviewed all MRI studies performed at our institution in children using Ablavar over the past 12 months. After dynamic arterial and early venous phase imaging, delayed venous imaging was performed with high resolution SPGR or MRA imaging with combined respiratory and ECG gating, reconstructed into orthogonal planes. Patient demographic, clinical history, exam indication, MRI technique, and imaging findings as they pertained to dynamic MRA and BP imaging were recorded. The most common indication for utilization of BP contrast agent in our population was for pediatric venography (n=9/22). Other indications included evaluation of liver vessel patency/anatomy (n=7), vasculitis (n=2), acute GI bleeding (n=2), vascular supply of an intra-abdominal mass (n=1), and for refractory hypertension (n=1). Conclusion and/or Teaching Points Blood pool MRI contrast agents can be extremely useful in pediatric imaging for certain indications, particularly for high-resolution venous imaging covering a large area. Optimization of technique and understanding BP imaging benefits/limitations are fundamental to performing an exam with excellent image quality that provides a high degree of diagnostic confidence.
TITANIUM ISOTOPE SOURCE RELATIONS AND THE EXTENT OF MIXING IN THE PROTO-SOLAR NEBULA EXAMINED BY INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS

The Ti isotope variations observed in hibonites represent some of the largest isotope anomalies observed in the solar system. Titanium isotope compositions have previously been reported for a wide variety of different early solar system materials, including calcium, aluminum rich inclusions (CAIs) and CM hibonite grains, some of the earliest materials to form in the solar system, and bulk meteorites which formed later. These data have the potential to allow mixing of material to be traced between many different regions of the early solar system. We have used independent component analysis to examine the mixing end-members required to produce the compositions observed in the different data sets. The independent component analysis yields results identical to a linear regression for the bulk meteorites. The components identified for hibonite suggest that most of the grains are consistent with binary mixing from one of three highly anomalous nucleosynthetic sources. Comparison of these end-members show that the sources which dominate the variation of compositions in the meteorite parent body forming regions was not present in the region in which the hibonites formed. This suggests that the source which dominates variation in Ti isotope anomalies between the bulk meteorites was not present when the hibonite grains were forming. One explanation is that the bulk meteorite source may not be a primary nucleosynthetic source but was created by mixing two or more of the hibonite sources. Alternatively, the hibonite sources may have been diluted during subsequent nebula processing and are not a dominant solar system signatures.
PDA+: A Personal Digital Assistant for Obesity Treatment - An RCT testing the use of technology to enhance weight loss treatment for veterans

Background: Obese adults struggle to make the changes necessary to achieve even modest weight loss, though a decrease in weight by as little as 10% can have significant health benefits. Failure to meet weight loss goals may in part be associated with barriers to obesity treatment. Wide-spread dissemination of evidence-based obesity treatment faces multiple challenges including cost, access, and implementing the programmatic characteristics on a large scale. Aims: The PDA+: A Personal Digital Assistant for Obesity Treatment randomized controlled trial (RCT) was designed to test whether a PDA-based behavioral intervention enhances the effectiveness of the existing group weight loss treatment program at VA Medical Centers Managing Overweight/Obese Veterans Everywhere (MOVE!). We also aim to introduce technology as a way to overcome systemic barriers of traditional obesity treatment. Methods/Design: Veterans enrolled in the MOVE! group at the Hines Hospital VAMC with BMI ≥ 25 and ≤ 40 and weigh < 400 pounds, experience chronic pain (≥ 4 on the NRS-I scale for ≥ 6 months prior to enrollment) and are able to participate in a moderate intensity exercise program will be recruited and screened for eligibility. Participants will be randomized to receive either: a) MOVE! treatment alone (Standard Care) or b) Standard Care plus PDA (PDA+). Those randomized to PDA+ will record dietary intake, physical activity, and weight on the PDA. In addition, they will also record mood and pain intensity, and receive biweekly telephone support for the first 6months of the 12-month study. All participants will attend in-person lab sessions every three months to complete questionnaires and for the collection of anthropomorphic data. Weight loss and decrease in pain level intensity are the primary outcomes. Discussion: The PDA+ trial represents an important step in understanding ways to improve the use of technology in obesity treatment. The trial will address barriers to obesity care by implementing effective behavioral components of a weight loss intervention and delivering high intensity, low cost obesity treatment. This RCT also tests an intervention approach supported by handheld technology in a population traditionally considered to have lower levels of technology literacy. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00371462
Reductive alkylation of proteins with aromatic aldehydes and sodium cyanoborohydride.

Reductive alkylation of amino groups in proteins is achieved by treatment with substituted nitrobenzaldehydes and sodium cyanoborohydride in an alcoholic pH 5.2 lithium acetate buffer. The extent of modification was observed by UV spectroscopy and amino acid analysis. Because the new reductive alkylation can be carried out under mild conditions, it should be useful in protein chemistry.
Purification and characterization of vitellogenin from the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar

Abstract Vitellogenin (Vg), the precursor of vitellin (Vt), an abundant egg yolk protein, was purified from the hemolymph of the gypsy moth ( Lymantria dispar ) using FPLC techniques. The purified protein gave a single band in native polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis corresponding to a size of ∼ 487 kDa. It consisted of three types of subunits of 190, 165 and 36 kDa (Vg190, Vg165 and Vg36, respectively). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE analysis of egg extracts showed the presence of three proteins having sizes identical to those of Vg subunits (Vt190, Vt165 and Vt36, respectively). The larger Vg subunits were found to share sequence homology by western blot analysis, peptide mapping, amino acid composition and N-terminal sequencing. The change in the proportion of these subunits observed during development suggested that Vg165 might be derived from Vg190. The N-terminal sequences of Vt165 and Vt36 were identical to their respective counterparts in Vg. This indicates that processing of Vg into Vt does not involve proteolytic cleavage at the N-termini of the subunits.
NUCLEAR RADIUS AND NUCLEAR FORCES

The difference between the radius of the nuclear matter distribution and the nuclear force radius, ${R}_{N}\ensuremath{\simeq}1.4{A}^{\frac{1}{3}}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ cm, for heavy nuclei ($Ag100$) is interpreted as a consequence of the finite range of nuclear forces. Assuming that the nuclear matter distribution coincides with the charge distribution as determined at Stanford (${R}_{C}=1.12{A}^{\frac{1}{3}}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ cm is the distance at which the charge density falls to one half value) we sum up the nuclear interactions of an incident nucleon for various proposed internucleon potentials, $V(r)$. We also evaluate contributions from the spin, charge, and matter polarizations induced in the nuclear distributions by the incident nucleon as a test of the convergence of these calculations. The aim here is to infer some features of nuclear forces which satisfy saturation requirements and at the same time give rise to an appreciable nuclear attraction for an incident nucleon at ${R}_{N}$. Analyses of the scattering of neutrons and protons by heavy nuclei suggest a nuclear attraction \ensuremath{\gtrsim}14 Mev at a distance ${R}_{N}$.These considerations are primarily sensitive to the long range behavior of the direct, central part of $V(r)$. The key point which emerges from them is that the nuclear forces must contain long range (~ meson Compton wavelength) direct, central attractions which will be felt by an incident nucleon at ${R}_{N}$ before the shorter range repulsions (hard cores, many-body forces, or exchange interactions), which are responsible for saturation, become effective. Such interactions can be constructed phenomenologically, but are not found in recent meson-theoretically deduced potentials.
Significant influence of participation in ethnic-specific programs on clinical diagnosis for Asian Americans

Summary.-Asian American clients (N = 1528) in the Los Angeles County mental health system who were seen at ethnic-specific (Asian) clinics by Asian therapists were diagnosed with significantly lower percentages of psychotic disorders and other major psychiatric disorders and significantly higher percentages of nonpsychiatric disorders than were Asian clients who were seen by Asian and white therapists at mainstream clinics. Significant differences in the psychiatric diagnoses of various ethnic groups compared to whites have been reported with African-Americans and Asians receiving more severe diagnoses (Atkinson, 1983, 1985; Flaskemd & Hu, 1992; Li-Repac, 1980). These differences have been attributed to problems associated with acculturation, language proficiency, and lack of an ethnic match between client and therapist (Adebirnpe, 1981). However, there has been very Little research on the possible influence that treatment at ethnic-specific or parallel programs may have on the decision-making process. Flaskerud (1986) found significant differences in the percentages of psychot~c d~sorders at four mental health agencies that employed dinical staff whose ethnicity and langilngc were similar to those of the patients. Conversely, Zane, Hatanaka, and Akutsu (1993) reported few significant differences in rates of clinical diagnosis between Asians and white patients at an Asian parallel program. Since patient-therapist ethnic match was not controlled in these studies, it was difficult to judge whether differential rates of psychotic disorders were related to patients' ethnicity, therapists' ethnicity, or a combination of these.
Evaluation of Gas-Stripping Methods for the Determination of Henry's Law Constants for Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Polychlorinated Biphenyls

The objective of this research was to determine the Henry's law constants for a series of PBDE and PCB congeners using three different gas-stripping methods and to assess which method was the most accurate. A mass balance approach was applied to test the assumptions of the standard gas-stripping methodology and to quantitatively determine the fate of the chemical. The mass balance calculations showed that PCBs behaved differently in the gas-stripping systems as compared to PBDEs. The PCBs and mono- to tri-brominated PBDEs behaved ideally in the gas-stripping system while the tetra- and penta-brominated PBDEs showed extensive adsorption that invalidated the standard gas-stripping method. Also, as the number of PBDE bromine substitution increased, differences between the two classes of compounds increased. Henry's law constants for PCBs were effectively independent of the degree of chlorination, although there was a slight increase in Henry's law constants with increasing chlorination. In contrast, the PBDE...
COMPETITION BETWEEN STRIPES AND PAIRING IN A T-T'-J MODEL

As the number of legs $n$ of an $n$-leg, $t\ensuremath{-}J$ ladder increases, density-matrix renormalization group calculations have shown that the doped state tends to be characterized by a static array of domain walls and that pairing correlations are suppressed. Here we present results for a ${t\ensuremath{-}t}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{-}J$ model in which a diagonal, single-particle, next-nearest-neighbor hopping ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ is introduced. We find that this can suppress the formation of stripes and, for ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ positive, enhance the ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$-like pairing correlations. The effect of ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}g0$ is to cause the stripes to evaporate into pairs and for ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}l0$ to evaporate into quasiparticles. Results for $n=4$ and 6 $n$-leg ladders are discussed.
What Really Matters in Second Language Learning for Academic Achievement

This retrospective analysis seeks to explain why a group of children who had been matched for English proficiency and socioeconomic status (SES) when they started a school year, and who were subsequently taught and tested through the medium of English, differed in their school achievement at the end of that year. Factors considered include relative productive competence in English morphology, syntax, and vocabulary; verbosity; patterns of social interaction; first language performance; and personality factors. Extensive intra-group variability is reported, but several generalizations are drawn which have relevance for ESL curriculum organization and instructional practice: vocabulary knowledge is the single most important area of second language (L2) competence when learning content through that language is the dependent variable; grammatical accuracy is of little importance to students' immediate academic needs; communicative competence in social interaction does not guarantee communicative competence in academic situations; and the use of the first language (L1) enhances conceptual development, even when it is tested through the medium of the L2.
College women and the occurrence of unwanted sexual advances in public drinking settings

Abstract Using existing data from the 1999 Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study, this study analyzes the social predictors of unwanted sexual advances experienced by college women and where this type of victimization occurs. Routine activities theory informed the analysis. While attendance and increased alcohol consumption at bars have a significant effect on experiences of unwanted sexual advances, attendance at parties, attendance at drink promotions, and participation in drinking games does not. Furthermore, while less satisfaction with education, having more sexual partners and friends that binge drink, and having more alcohol-related problems increase the likelihood of experiencing unwanted sexual advances, so does drinking less in general, having higher educated parents, and having a higher grade point average. These findings show that the predictors of unwanted sexual advances may differ somewhat from those that predict more serious forms of sexual victimization. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.
Investigation of the III-V oxidation process for the fabrication of sub-micron three dimensional photonic devices

ABSTRACT The lateral oxidation of epitaxially grown Al x Ga 1-x As layers is investigated in an open-chamber system based on a conventional horizontal tube furnace, and in a closed-chamber system. The oxidation is selective and depends on the Al content, process temperature, and process time. The process is characterized as a function of these parameters. The closed chamber system provides faster oxidation with superior control, repeatability and uniformity of the oxidation extent as compared to the open-chamber system. Based on these investigations of the oxidation reaction, we propose a unique method for realizing 3D photonic crystals in GaAs/AlGaAs-based material. Keywords: III-V oxidation, 3D photonic crystals, ICP etching, Optoelectronic devices 1. INTRODUCTION Oxidation of III-V compounds has been studied extensively in the past. The rapid, selective oxidation of Al x Ga 1-x As layers with high Al content produces a high index contrast, which can be used to develop novel photonic devices such as vertical cavity surface emitting lasers,
Practice patterns in treating high-risk patients with hyperlipidemia at a northeast Tennessee University Clinic

Background This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that internal medicine residents at a northeast Tennessee university clinic were not compliant with the latest National Cholesterol Educational Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP) guidelines in treating hyperlipidemia in patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease. Methods A retrospective medical record survey was conducted to evaluate residents9 pattern in lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol to below 100 mg/dL in patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease. The survey covered a 5-year period, from July 1998 to June 2003, and included 15 randomly chosen residents who were in training for 3 consecutive years. Charts were randomly selected from residents9 clinics using International Classification of Diseases-9 codes for coronary artery disease or diabetes mellitus with hyperlipidemia. Five hundred fifty charts were reviewed. Only 41 (7.45%) met the inclusion criteria. Results Analysis of data using Epi-Info 2002 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA) revealed that only 68.3% of patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease reached target LDL cholesterol levels. Of the patients who reached target levels, only 42.9% maintained them. Analysis of variance and chi-square tests revealed that the frequency of cholesterol measurement, but not the frequency of physicians9 visits, was associated with a higher likelihood of reaching the target LDL level. Conclusion There was a suboptimal compliance among internal medicine residents in the frequency of screening for, reaching, and maintaining the target LDL cholesterol level, according to the latest NCEP-ATP guidelines, among high-risk patients with hyperlipidemias.
A structured review of IS research on gender and IT

Despite many contributions to research on gender and IT ? both empirical and conceptual ? the IS field lacks an overall review of this stream of research. We provide such a review of IS research on gender and IT spanning 20 years, following the guidelines for conducting a ?descriptive review? (King and He 2006). Focusing on IS journals and conferences, we identify over 190 papers in which the authors specifically mentioned one or more of a set of terms in their title, appendix or keywords (e.g., gender, sex, men, women, etc.). We identify the recurring authors in this research stream and we classify these authors? research methods, types of respondents studied, authors? epistemological stance and their gender theory-in-use. We identify four topic areas and, for each, we provide descriptive summaries of corresponding papers: IT ethics; IT careers and education; IT adoption and use; attitudes to telework. Many papers we located neglect to specify a clear theory-in-use regarding gender (i.e., whether the authors believe that observed differences between men and women are socially constructed, due to biological factors, or the result of other influences). We found few studies that regard men, who account for a majority of IT employees, as gendered or consider gender a relevant issue when studying male employees, teleworkers, or computer users. Authors of most papers seem to assume that the presence of women is necessary to trigger gender as an issue.
Post-reactivation cocaine administration facilitates later acquisition of an avoidance response in rats

Abstract We previously demonstrated that cocaine administered immediately prior to a reactivation episode comprised of re-exposure to selected features of the original fear-conditioning session alter subsequent memory retrieval or reconsolidation. In the present study we determined that, similar to pre-reactivation administration, post-reactivation administration of cocaine also alters memory retrieval or reorganization, as measured by subsequent conditioned performance. The dose-response function for this effect of cocaine was U-shaped; maximal enhancement of subsequent avoidance performance was produced by a 7.5 mg/kg i.p. dose of cocaine. Because a dose of lidocaine equimolar to the effective cocaine dose was found not to alter subsequent conditioned performance, the effect of cocaine on memory processing most likely is not attributable to its local anesthetic properties.
The transfer function of a photoreceptor organ.

The dynamic response of a simple ganglionic photoreceptor has been studied. It exemplifies the general processes of sensory reception and transmission of sensory information in the form of trains of nerve impulses. The experimental basis of the defining linear transfer function is presented. This transfer function is composed of a second order lag and a transport delay. The ventral nerve cord conduction time does not contribute to the transport delay. Nonlinear discrepancies from the linear model are evaluated and discussed.
Sertraline Does Not Alter Steady-State Concentrations or Renal Clearance of Lithium in Healthy Volunteers

An open-label, placebo-controlled study was conducted to determine the effects of sertraline on the steady-state levels and renal clearance of lithium in 20 healthy volunteers. Subjects received 600 mg of lithium twice daily for 9 days. On the evening of day 8, subjects received orally either placebo or 100 mg of sertraline; these were administered twice, 8 hours apart, beginning 2 hours after the evening dose of lithium. In a comparison of day 8 with day 9 (before administration of the morning doses of lithium), sertraline was associated with only a 0.01 mEq/L (1.4%) decrease in steady-state levels and a 0.11 L/hour (6.9%) increase in the renal clearance of lithium. Neither change was statistically significant relative to placebo. Four subjects were excluded from analysis because of protocol violations or laboratory abnormalities unrelated to sertraline. Seven subjects who received lithium plus sertraline experienced side effects, mainly tremors, possibly related to treatment, whereas none of those administered lithium plus placebo experienced side effects. No sertraline-related laboratory abnormalities were observed.
THE SUPPRESSOR OF HAIRLESS PROTEIN PARTICIPATES IN NOTCH RECEPTOR SIGNALING

Abstract In a genetic screen for mutations that attenuate Notch signaling in the developing Drosophila eye, we isolated rare, gain-of-function alleles of Suppressor of Hairless (Su(H)) , the fly homolog of the mammalian C promoter-binding factor 1 (CBF1) gene. Su(H) exhibits numerous allele-specific genetic interactions with Notch as well as with Delta, deltex , and mastermind . In cultured Drosophila cells, the Su(H) protein is sequestered in the cytoplasm when coexpressed with Notch protein and is translocated to the nucleus when Notch binds to its ligand Delta. Cytoplasmic retention of Su(H) requires the intracellular cdc 10/ankyrin repeats of Notch, which associate with Su(H) protein in the yeast interaction trap assay. These results indicate that Notch activity may regulate nuclear events by controlling the activity of a DNA-binding protein.
Controversies in Breast MRI

When used for appropriate indications, breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful diagnostic tool. However, breast MRI has its share of controversies. These controversies can be a source of confusion for the radiologist or referring physician. This paper addresses 4 breast MRI controversies that we frequently encounter at our university hospital practice: (1) what are the appropriate indications for screening breast MRI? (2) what are the appropriate indications for the use of breast MRI as a problems-solving modality? (3) how does one interpret MRI imaging features that have substantial overlap between benign and malignant conditions? and (4) what are the appropriate indications for preoperative breast MRI? Illustrative case examples are provided.
Identification of Subunit Binding Positions on a Model Fork and Displacements That Occur during Sequential Assembly of the Escherichia coli Primosome

When replication stalls and forks disassemble, the restart primosome is required to reload the replicative helicase so that chromosomal replication can be reinitiated. We have taken a photo-cross-linking approach, using model replication forks containing a phenyl diazirine placed at single locations, to determine the positions of primosomal protein binding and changes in interactions that occur during the assembly reaction. This approach revealed a novel mode for single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB)-DNA binding, in which SSB interacts with both the leading and lagging single-strand segments and the parental duplex of the fork. Cross-linking to a novel region within SSB is observed only when it is bound to forked structures. This binding mode is also followed by PriB. PriA binds to the fork, excluding SSB and PriB, interacting with the primer terminus, single-stranded leading and lagging strands and duplex in immediate proximity of the fork. SSB binds to flanking single-stranded segments distal to the fork in the presence of PriA. The addition of PriB or DnaT to a PriA-SSB-fork complex does not lead to cross-linking or displacement, suggesting that their association is through protein-protein interactions at early stages of the reaction. Upon addition of DnaC and the DnaB helicase in the presence of ATPγS, helicase is assembled, leading to contacts within the duplex region on the tracking (lagging) strand and strong contacts with the displaced leading single strand near the fork. PriA is displaced from DNA upon helicase assembly.
Performing a Geography of Asian America: The Chop Suey Circuit

The Chop Suey Circuit describes Asian American cabaret performers who toured the US from the 1930s through the '50s. Performing the era's popular songs and dances, these “Orientals” were novel yet familiar, exotic yet accessible. At a time of war, internment, and segregation they simultaneously solidified and challenged racial cartographies that would emplace race.
Ovarian hormone status and skeletal muscle inflammation during recovery from disuse in rats

Resumption of normal muscle loading after a period of disuse initiates cellular processes related to mass accretion. The renewed loading also induces a significant amount of muscle damage and subsequent inflammation. Ovarian hormone depletion delays atrophied myofibre mass recovery. Ovarian hormones are also global regulators of immune system function. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ovarian hormone depletion-induced deficits in myofibre regrowth after disuse atrophy are related to the induction of muscle damage and the associated inflammatory response. We hypothesized that soleus muscle immune cell infiltration and inflammatory gene expression would be both accentuated and prolonged in ovarian hormone-depleted rats during the first week of recovery from disuse atrophy. Intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female rats were subjected to hindlimb suspension for 10 days and then returned to normal ambulation for a recovery period, the rats were killed and the soleus muscle removed for analysis. Although reloading increased both circulating creatine kinase and myofibre membrane disruption, there was no effect of ovarian hormones on these processes during recovery. Muscle neutrophil concentration was increased above baseline regardless of hormone status at days 1 and 3 of recovery; however, this increase was 43% greater at day 3 in the OVX group. Muscle ED1+ and ED2+ macrophage concentrations were increased during recovery in both groups. However, macropage concentrations remained elevated at day 7 of recovery in the OVX group, whereas they returned to control levels in the intact group. Cyclo-oxygenase-2, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1beta muscle mRNA expression increased similarly during recovery, regardless of ovarian hormone status. These results demonstrate that the initial myofibre damage and inflammatory gene expression induced during muscle recovery from disuse atrophy are independent of ovarian hormone status.
Exotic Actions on Trees

We give an explicit example of an exotic (non-simplicial), geometric free action of the free group & $ on an 2-tree T. We begin by associating an interval translation mapping of the unit interval to an automorphism w of & $ . We use a result of D. Gaboriau and G. Levitt to obtain an & $ -action on an 2-tree T. We show that for our particular choice of w, the resulting & $ -action is minimal, free and exotic.