cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fertility Preservation for Cancer Patients

Patients exposed to gonadotoxic cancer treatments are at risk for impaired future fertility. Due to improvements in long-term survival, fertility preservation has become increasingly important to both patients and practitioners. This chapter reviews the risks of infertility associated with various cancer treatments and fertility preservation options for both male and female patients, as well as considerations for pregnancy and survivorship care after cancer diagnosis and treatment.
miR-133b Regulation of Connective Tissue Growth Factor: A Novel Mechanism in Liver Pathology.

miRNAs are involved in liver regeneration, and their expression is dysregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a direct target of miR-133b, is crucial in the ductular reaction (DR)/oval cell (OC) response for generating new hepatocyte lineages during liver injury in the context of hepatotoxin-inhibited hepatocyte proliferation. Herein, we investigate whether miR-133b regulation of CTGF influences HCC cell proliferation and migration, and DR/OC response. We analyzed miR-133b expression and found it to be down-regulated in HCC patient samples and induced in the rat DR/OC activation model of 2-acetylaminofluorene with partial hepatectomy. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-133b via adenoviral system in vitro led to decreased CTGF expression and reduced proliferation and Transwell migration of both HepG2 HCC cells and WBF-344 rat OCs. In vivo , overexpression of miR-133b in DR/OC activation models of 2-acetylaminofluorene with partial hepatectomy in rats, and 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine in mice, led to down-regulation of CTGF expression and OC proliferation. Collectively, these results show that miR-133b regulation of CTGF is a novel mechanism critical for the proliferation and migration of HCC cells and OC response.
Some Correlates of Attitudes to Multilateral Diplomacy in the U.S. Department of State

The data presented in this article provide evidence that the foreign policy attitudes of Foreign Service Officers in the U.S. Department of State are shaped more by the demands of their immediate work milieux than by their individual social backgrounds or by the larger attributes of the organization as a whole. The attitude data are drawn from face-to-face interviews conducted among upper- and mid-level career officers who were located in four separate organizational subunits of the department and pertain primarily to related aspects of the U.S. conduct of multilateral diplomacy. Generally, multilateralism is supported by individual officers who have cumulative diplomatic experiences with multilateral diplomatic tasks and/or by those officers who are presently located in departmental subunits charged with responsibility for coordinating the role and participation of the United States in multilateral diplomacy. The formation of foreign policy attitudes is conceptualized as a behavior-attitude relationship in that behavioral requirements are believed to influence attitudes so as to bring them into line with task demands. The article concludes that the department should be conceptualized as a diverse and pluralistic foreign policy agency having multiple diplomatic centers corresponding to its many organizational subunits.
Quantitative Surface-Enhanced Resonant Raman Scattering Multiplexing of Biocompatible Gold Nanostars for in Vitro and ex Vivo Detection

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active plasmonic nanomaterials have become a promising agent for molecular imaging and multiplex detection. To produce strong SERS intensity while retaining the nonaggregated state and biocompatibility needed for bioapplications, we integrated near-infrared (NIR) responsive plasmonic gold nanostars with resonant dyes for resonant SERS (SERRS). The SERRS on nanostars was several orders of magnitude greater than signals from SERRS on nanospheres and nonresonant SERS on nanostars. For the first time, we demonstrated quantitative multiplex detection using four unique nanostar SERRS probes in both in vitro solutions and ex vivo tissue samples under NIR excitation. With further optimization, in vivo tracking of multiple SERRS probes is possible.
Effect on Joint Permeability of Adrenal Cortex Extract, ACTH, Cortisone Hydroxy-phenyl Cinchoninic Acid and Hyaluronidase

Summary and conclusions1. Permeability studies were conducted on rabbits by injection of PSP into (the joint and recovery of the dye from the urine. 2. Cortisone, ACTH, adrenal cortex extract and hydroxyphenylcinchoninic acid (HPC) given to normal rabbits failed to cause any significant alteration of synavial permeability. 3. ACTH given parenterally exhibited a significant antihyaluronidase effect. 4. We agree that the permeability of the joint membrane to PSP is not necessarily a measure of its permeability to normal body substances.
Ruthenium(IV) Complexes for Ethylene Insertion Polymerization

The synthesis, characterization, and ethylene polymerization behavior of novel RuIV(η3:η3-C10H16)(OPO) (OPO = bis(arenesulfonato)phosphine) complexes is reported here. Upon activation with AlMe3-depleted methylaluminoxane (dMAO), the Ru(IV) precursors were able to produce polyethylene with activities up to 1182 h–1 turnover frequency (TOF). The polymers were highly linear with a low degree of branching (<12 methyl branches per 1000 C) and had high molecular weights (up to Mp = 289 kg mol–1) with a bimodal molecular weight distribution. The polymerization activity increased with decreasing donor strength of the OPO ligand.
Blood Studies on Dogs Subjected to Discontinuous Exposure to Low Oxygen Tension.

SummaryFive dogs exposed 8 hrs daily to an 02 tension of 80 mm Hg (18,000 ft) for SS days showed no change in red blood cell fragility. Hemoglobin values increased 53%, while the number of red blood cells increased 67%. The specific gravity of the blood rose from 1.0569 to 1.0719. Plasma protein concentration decreased 9.69%.
The Small Modular Reactor Program in the United States

The United States is developing clean energy alternatives to meet President Barack Obama’s “All of the Above Clean Energy Strategy” with a goal of generating 80 percent of electricity from clean energy and thereby reducing carbon emissions in half by the year 2035. The U.S. Department of Energy believes that nuclear energy is essential to reach these goals and Small Modular Reactors are a very innovative technology option. Small Modular Reactors have many desirable attributes and the markets look promising. Demonstration of this technology over the next decade can lead to the next generation of safe, reliable, and clean nuclear energy.
Patterning quantum dot arrays using DNA replication principles.

The convergence of nanoscience and biotechnology has opened the door to the integration of a wide range of biological molecules and processes with synthetic materials and devices. A primary biomolecule of interest has been DNA based upon its role as information storage in living systems, as well as its ability to withstand a wide range of environmental conditions. DNA also offers unique chemistries and interacts with a range of biomolecules, making it an ideal component in biological sensor applications. The primary goal of this project was to develop methods that utilize in vitro DNA synthesis to provide spatial localization of nanocrystal quantum dots (nQDs). To accomplish this goal, three specific technical objectives were addressed: (1) attachment of nQDs to DNA nucleotides, (2) demonstrating the synthesis of nQD-DNA strands in bulk solution, and (3) optimizing the ratio of unlabeled to nQD-labeled nucleotides. DNA nucleotides were successfully attached to nQDs using the biotin-streptavidin linkage. Synthesis of 450-nm long, nQD-coated DNA strands was demonstrated using a DNA template and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method of DNA amplification. Modifications in the synthesis process and conditions were subsequently used to synthesize 2-{micro}m long linear nQD-DNA assemblies. In the case of the 2-{micro}m structures, bothmore » the ratio of streptavidin-coated nQDs to biotinylated dCTP, and streptavidin-coated nQD-dCTPs to unlabeled dCTPs affected the ability to synthesize the nQD-DNA assemblies. Overall, these proof-of-principles experiments demonstrated the successful synthesis of nQD-DNA using DNA templates and in vitro replication technologies. Continued development of this technology may enable rapid, spatial patterning of semiconductor nanoparticles with Angstrom-level resolution, as well as optically active probes for DNA and other biomolecular analyses.« less
Simultaneous fluorescence and phase imaging with extensions toward sub-diffraction resolution via structured-illumination (Conference Presentation)

In the biological sciences, there is much emphasis on elucidating the functions of various biological components and processes. To do so, advances in general microscopy have yielded various imaging modalities to probe such processes under specific visualization and contrast requirements. Examples of modalities that are popularly integrated into conventional biological studies include fluorescent, dark-field, phase-contrast, and polarization-sensitive microscopies, with each modality offering unique insights into the biological function of the sample. Often times, however, a comprehensive understanding of biological phenomena requires the integration of the unique and separate visualizations of various modalities. Unfortunately, conventional microscopes typically support only one modality and rarely allow multiple modalities to be used in conjunction. Though high-end microscopes may support multimodal visualization, they often require either mechanical (and often manual) toggling, which obstruct real-time multimodal imaging, or simultaneous detection via multiple cameras, which dramatically increases the microscope’s cost. Here, we present a one-shot technique that allows multiple imaging channels, of potentially different modalities, to be simultaneously detected by a single camera. We experimentally demonstrate this method on transparent cells that have been tagged for F-actin and nuclear fluorescence. Our multimodal system consists of 2-channel fluorescence and 1-channel quantitative-phase (QP) imaging, and clearly demonstrates ability for simultaneous fluorescent and QP visualization. Though we experimentally verify our framework using dual fluorescent/QP imaging, we emphasize that our framework for single-shot, simultaneous single-camera detection is applicable to an arbitrary number of widefield imaging modalities so long as they fulfill criteria for Fourier spectra separation, SNR, and detector dynamic range
A case of incidental sloughing esophagitis.

An 82-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, mitral regurgitation, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction was admitted with an exacerbation of heart failure. Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) to evaluate whether she was a candidate for mitral valve repair was attempted but was unsuccessful because of high levels of resistance and the inability to pass the transesophageal probe. Upon further questioning the patient admitted to a history of progressive dysphagia over the previous 2 weeks. Her dysphagia workup initially included a barium swallow, which did not identify an etiology. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was then performed, which revealed sloughing of the mucosa in the mid and upper esophagus, consistent withdesquamationandgivingtheimpres
Reflexiones sobre Estética Contemporánea en Tiempos de Recesión en Estudios Culturales: Una Mirada a través de los Lentes Postcoloniales.

In this article the postcolonial context is a site of production of knowledge from where a reflection over the different lines of development within cultural Marxism in the way these are presented and developed in cultural studies. From there, begins a reflection on contemporary aesthetics understanding that aesthetic practices are linked to the work of imagination of ordinary people intensely connected to the work of capitalism and its organization and re-organization on a global scale. Indeed, the function of aesthetics is not simply dedicated to the sale of messages and images, but to the self-building of products and affiliate groups in the new millennium. The new technologies of representation are the centers of public education that serve as a forum for the work of imagination of the great masses of the people in order to organize their pasts, presents, and draw their futures. On the other side, we see the aesthetic works of postcolonial imagination, its criticism of capitalism and the parables of modernization. It is this postcolonial aesthetic work which represents the voices of an alternative existential cosmopolitanism that could put our current historical moment into perspective and thereby achieve our quest for transcendence and transformation.
Management of chronic schizophrenic outpatients.

Mental health practitioners can effectively manage outpatient care of chronic schizophrenic patients by regulating antipsychotic and ancillary maintenance medications; providing supportive “psychotherapy”; advising on programs to fulfill basic needs such as housing, vocational rehabilitation, and a social network; engaging the patient’s family along with the patient in a partnership to maximize functioning; and encouraging appropriate social interactions. When done skillfully, this outpatient practice can be among the most rewarding in psychiatry.
Diagnosis and Management of Cochlear Implant Malfunctions

This chapter provides information that can be used by clinicians to assist with diagnosis and management of cochlear implant device malfunctions. The chapter reviews procedures that can be used during all steps of the implant process, beginning with counseling provided prior to implant surgery, preoperative assessment, intraoperative procedures, radiographic procedures, and postoperative assessment and programming. Symptoms that may be indicative of a device failure are summarized and reviewed. The chapter additionally contains information regarding integrity testing, device warranty, and medical considerations involved with explant and reimplantation of a failed device.
Topologically appropriate coordinates for ( V z z , η) joint probability distributions

Inhomogeneous broadening (IHB) of hyperfine interactions in materials arises from a distribution of electric field gradients (EFGs) due to randomly distributed defects contributing non-uniformly to the EFG at probe sites. Hyperfine experiments reflect the inhomogeneous distribution of defects through the joint probability distribution function (PDF) of Vzz and η determined by the defect concentration, crystal structure, and defect sites in the crystal. Czjzek showed how to choose coordinates in the (Vzz, η) plane that are consistent with the physical constraints and ordering convention for these EFG parameters. Here we show how to transform to a new set of coordinates that decreases the distortion inherent in Czjzek’s representation. These new coordinates allow one to express the joint PDF for random distributions of defects in a form reasonably approximated by the product of two independent marginal distributions. This paper focuses on these topologically appropriate coordinates, with simple examples drawn from Czjzek’s work and from our simulations of point defects in cubic lattices as well as random amorphous distributions of defects. Detailed simulations have been carried out for IHB in cubic structures and point charge models relevant to perturbed angular correlation (PAC) experiments.
Medical Use and Health Effects

The pure elemental sulfur is odorless, tasteless, and not toxic. To become active, it changes oxidation state. The sulfur reacts with proteins and alkalies to form sulfide, especially hydrogen sulfide and polythionates. In an aqueous environment, it can be oxidized to sulfate, reduced to sulfide, or both, and also can form thiosulfate or other compounds. If doses of over 10 grams of finely ground sulfur are ingested, headache, vomiting, and intestinal pain can be experienced. The toxic effects are caused by hydrogen sulfide that is formed in the intestine; it can be noticed on the breath. The toxic effects can also be caused by impurities in the sulfur, such as arsenic, selenium, or heavy metal ions. The dinegative sulfur, in the form of sulfide, is the most active sulfur form. The oxidation state of + 4 , as found in sulfite or sulfurous acid, is capable of participating both in reduction and in oxidation reactions, and sulfur in the oxidation state +6, as found in sulfate, is normally not active.
Sequential early-design guidance for residential single-family buildings using a probabilistic metamodel of energy consumption

Abstract In order to reduce the energy consumption of a proposed building, it is valuable to be able to estimate the energy consumption at early stages of the design process when influential attributes are being decided upon. We present a novel use of a regression-based energy metamodel to guide the early design of single-family residential buildings by providing guidance on key early-design decisions through quantitative, probabilistic analyses that accommodate the flexibility and low detail of conceptual designs. Monte Carlo simulations provide a distribution of energy consumption predictions reflecting the design uncertainty, and sensitivity analyses reveal which parameters contribute the most to the variability in the metamodel output based on the current level of detail in the design. By sequentially specifying the most influential parameters, we show that the variability in predicted energy consumption can be reduced by approximately 90% (as measured by the coefficient of variation), even when the average input specification increases by only 40% compared to the original parameter ranges. In a case study, we demonstrate that a statistically significant difference between design alternatives can be seen even when limited information is available for many aspects of the design.
Gravity Spy: Humans, Machines and The Future of Citizen Science

Gravity Spy is a citizen science project that draws on the contributions of both humans and machines to achieve its scientific goals. The system supports the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Observatory (LIGO) by classifying "glitches" that interfere with observations. The system makes three advances on the current state of the art: explicit training for new volunteers, synergy between machine and human classification and support for discovery of new classes of glitch. As well, it provides a platform for human-centred computing research on motivation, learning and collaboration. The system has been launched and is currently in operation.
Hyperhemolytic Transfusion Reactions in Non-Sickle Cell Anemia Patients

Abstract Abstract 1183 Introduction Hyperhemolytic transfusion reaction syndrome (HHTR) has been appreciated in allo-immunized patients with sickle cell anemia. In these patients, transfusion precipitates hemolysis of both donor RBCs and the recipient's native RBCs, leading to post-transfusion hemoglobin level below baseline. Recognition is important because it is life-threatening and has unique management. Despite the severe degree of anemia, the most important treatment for HHTR is generally to halt the cascade of hemolysis by withholding transfusion. We present the first case series of HHTR in non-sickle cell patients observed in a tertiary academic medical center. Methods We reviewed records of four patients treated by one of us. We also retrospectively search for any additional patient charts from those with diagnosis of HHTR from 1996 to 2012 from institutional database and also searched patients under ICD-9 codes for hemolytic transfusion reactions (999.83 to 85) from 2009 to 2011. Patients with sickle cell disease were excluded. HHTR was defined as post-transfusion hemoglobin level below baseline accompanied by clinical and laboratory evidences of hemolysis, and the recurrence of HHTR after repeated transfusions. Results Four non-sickle cell patients who fulfilled criteria of HHTR were identified. Mean age was 34.7. Three were African-Americans, one was Caucasian, and all were females. Two patients had iron deficiency anemia, one had systemic lupus erythematosus, and one had no past medical history. The average amount of transfused PRBC was 5.83±0.3units per person. After transfusion, hemoglobin reached nadir (mean decrease from baseline 38%) within two to three weeks of initial transfusion. Corrected reticulocyte counts were typically low ( Conclusion We have demonstrated the first case series of HHTR in non-sickle cell patients and defined its clinical characteristics. HHTR in non-sickle cell patients results in 38% decline of hemoglobin within two to three weeks of transfusion. De novo development of allo-antibodies strongly suggests that the exaggerated destruction of self and non-self cells may be secondary to acute induction of allo-immunity against non-self RBCs and subsequent complement activation leading to bystander hemolysis of self RBCs. HHTR is a unique and lethal complication of transfusion which occurs in both sickle and non-sickle cell patients. Withholding transfusion is a crucial strategy to HHTR. Thus, it is important not to reserve the diagnosis to sickle cell patients of African-American descent, but to recognize that this can occur in any transfused patient. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The novel phospholipid mimetic KPC34 is highly active against preclinical models of Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Philadelphia chromosome positive B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) is an aggressive cancer of the bone marrow. The addition of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has improved outcomes but many patients still suffer relapse and novel therapeutic agents are needed. KPC34 is an orally available, novel phospholipid conjugate of gemcitabine, rationally designed to overcome multiple mechanisms of resistance, inhibit the classical and novel isoforms of protein kinase C, is able to cross the blood brain barrier and is orally bioavailable. KPC34 had an IC50 in the nanomolar range against multiple ALL cell lines tested but was lowest for Ph+ lines. In mice bearing either naive or resistant Ph+ ALL, KPC34 treatment resulted in significantly improved survival compared to cytarabine and gemcitabine. Treatment with KPC34 and doxorubicin was more effective than doxorubicin and cytarabine. Mice with recurrence of their ALL after initial treatment with cytarabine and doxorubicin saw dramatic improvements in hind limb paralysis after treatment with KPC34 demonstrating activity against established CNS disease. Consistent with this KPC34 was better than gemcitabine at reducing CNS leukemic burden. These promising pre-clinical results justify the continued development of KPC34 for the treatment of Ph+ALL.
Influence of index properties on shape of cyclic strength curve for clay-silt mixtures

Abstract Failures initiated in clay layers during recent earthquakes have emphasized the need to understand the cyclic behavior of clays. To systematically study the cyclic behavior, seventeen soils, prepared as mixtures of kaolinite and montmorillonite with quartz, and twelve natural soils were tested in a cyclic simple shear device. Cyclic strength curves were developed for 2.5%, 5% and 10% double amplitude shear strains. These curves were used to examine the influence of mineralogical composition, plasticity characteristics and shear strain on the cyclic resistance of the mixtures. A power function was used to represent the cyclic strength curves. Based on the results of this study, the mixtures were found to become increasingly resistant to cyclic loading as the plasticity index increased. Moreover, the soils with montmorillonite as the clay mineral were noted to have consistently higher cyclic resistance than the soils with kaolinite as the clay mineral. By examining the power functions, it was found that the cyclic strength curve became increasing flatter as the plasticity index increases in soils having kaolinite as the clay mineral. However, the opposite trend is observed in soils having montmorillonite as the clay mineral. The results presented in the literature for 37 soils were compared with those obtained in this study and found to be in good agreement.
Efficacy of a social support and problem-solving intervention on heart failure self-care: A pilot study.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the preliminary effects of a coping partnership intervention comprised of social support and problem-solving on HF self-care maintenance, management, and confidence. Methods A 3-group randomized controlled pilot study was conducted. The intervention group received 1 home visit, weekly (month 1), and biweekly (months 2 and 3) telephone calls. The attention group received telephone calls starting at week 2, following a similar pattern. The control group received usual care only. The Self-care of Heart Failure Index, was administered at baseline, 5, 9, and 13 weeks. Linear mixed modeling examined intervention effect on study outcomes. Results A total of 66 participants completed the study. The participants were mean age 61 years; 54.2% male; 56% Non-Caucasian; and 43.9% New York Heart Association HF Class II. Significant treatment-by-time interaction effects were noted for self-care maintenance (F = 4.813; p = 0.010) and self-care confidence (F = 4.469; p = 0.014). There was no significant treatment-by-time interaction effect on self-care management. Conclusions Coping partnership interventions that strengthen support and social problem- solving may improve self-care maintenance and confidence in individuals with HF. Practice implications Clinicians should consider including these components in HF patient education and clinical follow-up.
Effects of graded shade levels on the growth and quality of Cordyline fruiticosa variety ‘Purple Compacta’ in the Batticaloa district

Cordyline fruticosa is a popular foliage plant and it has high demand in the export market. Shade influences the growth and quality of ornamental foliage plants. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different shade level on the growth and quality of C. fruticosa var. ‘Purple Compacta’ in the Crop Farm, Eastern University, Sri Lanka. Graded shade levels were defined as treatments viz. 0% (T1), 50% (T2), 60% (T3), 70% (T4), and 80% (T5). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. Recommended agronomic practices were followed uniformly for all treatments. Plant height, leaf area, and plant biomass were measured at monthly interval and quality of cuttings was assessed at 3 months after transplanting. Analysis of Variance was performed to determine significant difference among treatments (p fruticosa var. ‘Purple Compacta’ in the Batticaloa district as the growth and quality of plants were higher.
Household remoteness and patterns of food production and consumption in Tajikistan

Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies are significant public health problems in the Central Asian country of Tajikistan, with over 26% of children under age 5 being stunted and 30% being anemic. The Khatlon Province is the country’s largest agricultural area where people are often dependent on home gardens to ensure food security. The proximity of households to resources such as markets, roads, and infrastructure can affect food availability, diets, and diversity of agricultural products for consumption. This study aims to evaluate whether the remoteness of a household affects the production, consumption, and acquisition of specific crops among households in Khatlon Province, Tajikistan. A remote household was defined as one that is distant from markets and the main center of population, difficult to travel to, and has limited resources. This cross-sectional study used a household survey and focus groups to measure crop production, consumption, and food acquisition. Household surveys were administered to 107 households in six Khatlon districts and 15 focus groups were conducted in various rural villages within Khatlon. Data was analyzed using a two-sample t-test for the household surveys and NVivo software for capturing major themes within the focus groups. Results revealed that there was no statistically significant difference when comparing households for remoteness in regard to crop production, frequency of consumption, and acquisition. Frequency of food consumption was similar when comparing remoteness but significantly decreased among all households when the crop was not in season. Programs that increase agricultural knowledge about production and extended growing season are extremely beneficial to improve nutrition in these vulnerable households. Additionally, gender-related concerns were discovered within the qualitative data such as the double burden of working to maintain crops as well as managing a household. Therefore, interventions based around agricultural production and acquisition should target women.
Waveform design for doubly spread targets detection

In this paper, we investigate the problem of radar signal waveform design under the small signal power conditions for detecting a doubly spread target in a colored noise environment. The doubly spread target spans multiple range bins (range-spread) and its impulse response is time-varying due to fluctuation (hence also Doppler-spread). Instead of adopting the conventional assumption that the target is wide-sense stationary uncorrelated scattering, we assume that the target impulse response is both wide-sense stationary in range and in time to account for the possible correlation between the impulse responses corresponding to close range intervals. The locally most powerful detector is then derived for detecting such targets. The signal waveform is optimized to maximizing the detection performance of the detector or equivalently maximizing the Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD). Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed waveform design for the small signal power conditions and performance of optimum waveform design are shown in comparison to the frequency modulated waveform.
Private Property and River Basins: Water Use Conflicts, the Market Model, and the Courts

River basins present one of the most difficult and complicated problems in natural resource management: how to coordinate multiple water uses in the same drainage. To deal with this problem requires sorting through conflicting uses which involve different sectors of regional economies, where the stakes are often high. This chapter examines how such problems have been handled under Chile’s current Water Code, with its strong free market principles. The free market approach to river basin management relies on property rights to water that are private, exclusive, and transferable. Water uses are to be coordinated through private bargaining, in a process reminiscent of the Coase Theorem. As discussed in Chapter One, the Coase Theorem states that bargaining among private property owners allocates resources more efficiently than government regulation. I argue that the Chilean case highlights that the overall legal and institutional framework is crucial to how markets work. Many proponents of free market policies, particularly neoliberal economists, oversimplify what is involved in several key processes that market forces depend on but cannot carry out themselves: defining property rights, resolving conflicts, and dealing with externalities.
An analysis of network configuration artifacts

Computer networks and the Internet have become necessary tools in many daily activities; as such, they share the expectation to be "always on" and highly available. Throughout a decades-long evolution of increasing reliance, campus/enterprise networks and Wide-Area Networks (WANs) have been engineered and maintained by an increasingly large set of skilled practitioners, i.e., network operators or engineers. While strikingly similar to the evolution of software and software development by programmers and software engineers, there has not been similar attention to the discipline of network operations as there has to that of software engineering. In this work, we analyze the deployment and operation of two large networks over a period of five to ten years. Our analogy-based approach is to apply software source code artifact analysis techniques to network device configurations. Specifically, we analyze the repositories of router and switch configurations of both a large campus and a service-provider network; these repositories store the actions of hundreds of practitioners maintaining thousands of pieces of equipment over more than ten years time. Our results expose the evolution of these networks both longitudinally in time and by network device types and topological roles. We reverse-engineer operators' work behavior in terms of how they use version control tools, how they change network device configurations, and how long their changes last in a production network. Lastly, we evaluate our proposed analogy between software engineering and network operations, i.e., that network operators are programmers, by comparing and contrasting the analysis of software development to that of modern network operations.
The Therapist Representation Inventory: Theoretical and Methodological Considerations

This report describes an approach to studying the ways in which psychotherapy patients create and interpret “mental representations” of their psychotherapists and the psychotherapeutic process both during therapy and after termination. We will briefly present our concepts, method and some normative data regarding the complex processes which recreate within self-experience qualities and functions originally experienced in our relationships with external others. Our framework embraces the data and concepts of contemporary development psychology and the contributions of the object-relations branch of psychoanalytic theory.
Comment on Johnson and Soenen (2004): The US Stock Market and the International Value of the US Dollar

Is there a relationship between the performance of US equity markets and the value of the US dollar? The question is of practical and regulatory significance. Previous attempts to answer the question relied upon on the lagged causality approach of Clive Granger and his coauthors. Given that financial markets are efficient, most of the correlation would be undetectable by such methods. In groundbreaking work, Johnson and Soenen (2004) used an estimator by Geweke (1982) that allows for contemporaneous or instantaneous effects, and found that there was always and everywhere an instantaneous link between the US equity and currency markets. Given the importance of Johnson and Soenen’s results, we attempted to replicate their study. We argue that Johnson and Soenen’s results hinge on a simple substitution error. After recalculation, we find little evidence of consistent instantaneous correlation between returns in the US equity markets and the value of the US dollar.
Copper, Zinc, and Alzheimer’s Disease

Current knowledge of the factors regulating total body and brain-specific Cu and Zn metabolism is surveyed. With special reference to s-amyloid, evidence is then presented for altered Cu or Zn metabolism or physiology in Alzheimer’s disease, the major age-dependent cause of memory loss in man. Altered Cu and Zn metabolism or physiology in AD is likely to be directly coupled to pathogenesis, but may not be directly linked to diet.
Household Water Treatment and Cholera Control

Water, sanitation, and hygiene are one part of a cholera control strategy. Household water treatment (HWT) in particular has been shown to improve the microbiological quality of stored water and reduce the disease burden. We conducted a systematic review of published and gray literature to determine the outcomes and impacts of HWT in preventing cholera specifically. Fourteen manuscripts with 18 evaluations of HWT interventions in cholera were identified. Overall, a moderate quality of evidence suggests that HWT interventions reduce the burden of disease in cholera outbreaks and the risk of disease transmission. Appropriate training for users and community health worker follow-up are necessary for use. Barriers to uptake include taste and odor concerns, and facilitators include prior exposure, ease of use, and links to preexisting development programming. Further research on local barriers and facilitators, HWT filters, scaling up existing development programs, program sustainability, integrating HWT and oral cholera vaccine, and monitoring in low-access emergencies is recommended.
Comparing outcomes of renal cell carcinoma diagnostic and treatment intervals within two different hospital systems in a single academic medical center.

e16093Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) diagnostic and treatment delays have been described for several patient populations. Few studies have analyzed these delays among patients treated in co...
Interpreting radio: culture in sound and the role of media studies

After a long period of absence, radio (broadly defined) has once again entered our cultural conversation in a way unheard of since the 1940s: not merely an ephemeral source of news headlines and mu...
IMPROVING DOCUMENTATION OF ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES AND ASSOCIATED CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN WOMEN

Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) have been associated with elevated long term cardiovascular risk. Pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension/diabetes and preterm birth are often under-recognized as risk factors for cardiovascular disease in young, otherwise healthy, women. We developed a simple one-
Heritability of the Severity of the Metabolic Syndrome in Whites and Blacks in 3 Large Cohorts.

Background—Although dichotomous criteria for the metabolic syndrome (MetS) appear heritable, it is not known whether MetS severity as assessed by a continuous MetS score is heritable and whether th...
STRESS-INDUCED GENETIC CHANGE IN FLAX REVEALS GENOME VARIATION MECHANISM

Inherited genetic change can happen in flax (Linum usitatissimum) due to environmental stress. The change can result in different phenotypes in flax progeny. The genetic changes can be induced during one generation and can result in stable genotypes in the next generation. Also the genetic changes are precise and repeatable that homozygous individuals show the same genome reorganization at specific sites in their progeny. Therefore, the genetic re-arrangements are not the result of a random process but a preference for a particular DNA structure, which indicates that possible new genes or functional fragments are formed during this process. The genomes of different varieties of flax are compared to explain the detail of the rapid but intentional genomic changes and regions of variation identified by whole genome comparisons. Possible mechanisms and the potential causes of these rearrangements bring a new light to modern plant genome studies and molecular evolution research.
Let the Composites Speak: Using Statics to Critically Evaluate Gerrymandering

This Innovative Practice Work In Progress Paper presents an activity built into an engineering Statics course that integrates traditional Statics concepts with relatable societal context. Specifically, this paper describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of an assignment that combines composite bodies and centroid mapping with gerrymandering in the U.S. This module was implemented in Fall 2018 with 67 engineering students and consisted of four major parts: (I) identification of the students’ hometown congressional district (the composite body), (II) calculation of the centroid of the district, (III) calculation of the center of (population) mass of the district, and (IV) reflection on the social and political implications of the (often large) distance between the locations. Students were asked to bring their district maps to class following the assignment for an in-class discussion tying Statics to gerrymandering. Following this reflection and debrief, students anonymously completed a survey to reflect on their level of engagement with the content as well as the topic’s relevance to their everyday lives.
Improved characterization of diffusion in normal and cancerous prostate tissue through optimization of the restriction spectrum imaging signal model

Background Optimizing a restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) model for the prostate could lead to improved characterization of diffusion in the prostate and better discrimination of tumors. Purpose To determine optimal apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) for prostate RSI models and evaluate the number of tissue compartments required to best describe diffusion in prostate tissue. Study Type Retrospective. Population/Subjects Forty-six patients who underwent an extended MRI examination for suspected prostate cancer; 23 had prostate tumors and 23 had no detectable cancer. Field strength/Sequence 3T multi-shell diffusion weighted sequence. Assessment RSI models with 2-5 tissue compartments were fit to multi-shell DWI data from the prostate to determine optimal compartmental ADCs. Signal contributions from the different tissue compartments were computed using these ADCs and compared between normal tissues (peripheral zone, transition zone, seminal vesicles) and tumors. Statistical Tests The Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) was used to evaluate the optimality of different RSI models. Model-fitting residual (as percent variance) was recorded to assess the models9 goodness-of-fit and whether it varied between anatomical regions of the prostate. Two-sample t-tests (α=0.05) were used to determine the statistical significance of any differences observed in compartmental signal-fraction between normal prostate tissue and tumors. Results The lowest BIC was observed from the 4-compartment model. Optimal ADCs for the 4 compartments were 5.2e-4, 1.9e-3, 3.0e-3, and ≫3.0e-3 mm2/s. Tumor tissue showed the largest reduction in fitting residual by increasing model order. Prostate tumors had a significantly (P≪0.05) greater proportion of signal from compartments 1 and 2 than normal tissue. Tumor conspicuity in compartment 1 increased substantially with model order. Data Conclusion Among the examined RSI models, the 4-compartment model best described the diffusion-signal characteristics of the prostate. Compartmental signal fractions revealed by such a model may improve discrimination between cancerous and benign prostate tissue.
Strain dependence of second harmonic generation in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers and the fine structure of the C exciton

First-principles density functional theory with the time-dependent Bethe-Salpeter Equation (BSE) is used to calculate the second harmonic generation (SHG) spectra of five trigonal prismatic ($2H$-phase) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers, $\mathrm{Mo}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}, \mathrm{MoS}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}, \mathrm{W}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}, \mathrm{WS}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}$, and $\mathrm{MoT}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}$, as a function of biaxial and uniaxial strain. It is shown that it is important to take excitonic effects into account when studying the effects of strain on SHG. All the TMDs exhibit very strong SHG, with hexagonal monolayer $\mathrm{MoT}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}$ dominating over the other TMDs in the 0.5--1.4 eV region. These results are shown to agree with experimental data. While $\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ appears to be a good candidate for strain-tolerant applications because the SHG is insensitive to strain, $\mathrm{WS}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}$ exhibits a strong, consistent strain response that points to potential strain-sensitive applications. Distinct subpeaks of the $C$ exciton are observed which, when compared with the electronic structure, are attributed to specific transitions in the Brillouin zone, with the most important contributions coming from the $K({v}_{1}{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}_{}{c}_{2}),Q({v}_{1}{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}_{}{c}_{1}),$ and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}({v}_{1}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{c}_{1})$ points. These findings open avenues of exploration for potential applications of these materials in strain-sensitive devices and improve our understanding of the $C$ exciton in TMDs.
Assessing the perceived prevalence of research fraud among faculty at research-intensive universities in the USA

Survey-based studies on research fraud often feature narrow operationalizations of misbehavior and use limited samples. Such factors potentially hinder the development of strategies aimed at reduci...
Urgency of Menstrual Hygiene Management at School within Child Rights Framework: Case Studies in 6 Schools

Researches related to Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) show that challenges faced by girls related to MHM in schools, such as lack of MHM facilities and information including negative stigma, potentially decrease the fulfillment of girls’ rights to proper education. However, there is no study in Indonesia to explore the implementation of the Menstrual Hygiene Management (MKM) program in schools from the perspective of children’s rights. Therefore, this study examined the implementation of the MHM from the children’s rights perspective and explored the importance of affirmative action towards MHM for girls. This research was conducted qualitatively in March 2018, in the West Jakarta Municipality (DKI Jakarta), Nagekeo District (NTT), and North Lombok District (NTB), one elementary school and one middle school in each regency/city, there were a total of six schools.
Perioperative Care and Medication-related Hypoventilation

Cumulative evidence supports the association of adverse postoperative outcomes with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). Although current guidelines recommend preoperative screening for OSA and OHS, the best perioperative management pathways remain unknown. Interventions attempting to prevent complications in the postoperative period largely are consensus based and focused on enhanced monitoring, conservative measures, and specific OSA therapies, such as positive airway pressure. Until further research is available to improve the quality and strength of these recommendations, patients with known or suspected OSA and OHS should be considered at higher risk for perioperative cardiopulmonary complications.
Maternal Mental Health Symptoms and Clusters Predict Toddler Sleep in Low-Income Homes.

The authors examined the association of maternal mental health symptoms and symptom clusters with the sleeping behaviors of toddlers living in low-income homes. The sample is comprised of 174 racia...
Loyal agent or shirking partner: understanding the policy goals of national ministers in the Council of the European Union

Research on representation within the European Union (EU) often assumes that partisan policy preferences are mediated primarily through the European Parliament, while the European Council and Counc...
Verifiability in Clinical Psychology Practices

Up to the present time, clinical psychological practices have relied heavily on the face-to-face (F2F), talk-based (TB) paradigm as unfortunately professionally approved leftover remnants of undoubtedly useful clinical practices that began in the past century. As helpful and useful those practices may have been in the past, they are no longer appropriate to the ever-increasing mental health needs of our nation, including sickness prevention, health promotion, crisis intervention, psychotherapy, and rehabilitation. Technological advances in e-mental health interventions are growing by leaps and bounds every day, as discussed in Chap. 2 of this volume.