cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome-Wide Binding Sites for Components of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Non-Poly(A) Termination Pathway: Nrd1, Nab3, and Sen1

RNA polymerase II synthesizes a diverse set of transcripts including both protein-coding and non-coding RNAs. One major difference between these two classes of transcripts is the mechanism of termination. Messenger RNA transcripts terminate downstream of the coding region in a process that is coupled to cleavage and polyadenylation reactions. Non-coding transcripts like Saccharomyces cerevisiae snoRNAs terminate in a process that requires the RNA–binding proteins Nrd1, Nab3, and Sen1. We report here the transcriptome-wide distribution of these termination factors. These data sets derived from in vivo protein–RNA cross-linking provide high-resolution definition of non-poly(A) terminators, identify novel genes regulated by attenuation of nascent transcripts close to the promoter, and demonstrate the widespread occurrence of Nrd1-bound 3′ antisense transcripts on genes that are poorly expressed. In addition, we show that Sen1 does not cross-link efficiently to many expected non-coding RNAs but does cross-link to the 3′ end of most pre–mRNA transcripts, suggesting an extensive role in mRNA 3′ end formation and/or termination.
The Factor Analysis as a Research Technique

(1941). The Factor Analysis as a Research Technique. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 22-33.
Potential construction via charge perturbation: HCN protonation

Abstract Ab initio calculations have been performed for proton attachment to HCN to form the ion HCNH + . The potential for the proton attachment is well reproduced at the level of third order perturbation theory taking the proton's charge as the perturbation. This can be analyzed in terms of electrical properties, e.g. a first-order response with the permanent charge field (moments) of HCN, a second-order response from polarization, and a third-order response from hyperpolarization. The calculations show the expected dominance of these effects at long range and the importance, with each perturbative order of energy correction, of other effects closer in. Then, starting from the electrical analysis, a concise model potential was constructed basically by finding that a relatively simple functional form was needed for the low-order, close-in effects. The utility of this modeling scheme is shown here in the building of a proton bridging potential for HCN–H + –NCH starting from simply combining HCN–H + and H + –NCH potentials.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition generates a reactive dopamine metabolite autotoxic to dopamine neurons

The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) is important for numerous biological functions, including control of movement. Oxidation of DA to highly toxic and reactive species has been hypothesized to contribute to the selective neurodegeneration observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). DA catabolism is initiated by oxidative deamination via monoamine oxidase to yield 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL). Such metabolism can be problematic as it greatly increases the toxicity of DA by production of DOPAL, known to be a toxic and reactive intermediate. DOPAL undergoes carbonyl metabolism primarily via aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymes to a less toxic acid product. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that cellular ALDH enzymes are sensitive towards products of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, which are thought to be elevated during PD pathogenesis. Inhibition of ALDH and the resulting accumulation of DOPAL are concerning as DOPAL is toxic to dopaminergic cells, readily modifies proteins and causes protein aggregation. In addition, pesticides with association between exposure and PD incidence can interfere with DA metabolism and trafficking and/or ALDH activity, directly or indirectly, yielding elevation of DOPAL. Therefore, impairment of carbonyl metabolism is a potential mechanistic link between cellular insult and generation of a toxic and reactive intermediate endogenous to dopamine neurons.
RIESMAN'S CHARACTER TYPOLOGY AND MUSICAL PREFERENCES

Using survey data, we offer a specific test of the general claim that character type—specifically, inner- versus other-direction—is a significant factor in the social influence process. Riesman (1950, 1954) defined character not in terms of idiosyncratic psychological processes, but rather as a robust outcome of socialization. We placed respondents on an inner- versus other-direction continuum using a previously developed 36-item scale (the I-O scale). In addition, we asked respondents to provide information bearing on several indicators of social influence in terms of popular musical culture. The results indicate that I-O significantly predicts musical preference controlling for a variety of demographic characteristics.
From triazines to heptazines: deciphering the local structure of amorphous nitrogen-rich carbon nitride materials.

Nitrogen-rich carbon nitride (CNx, x ≥ 1) network materials have been produced as disordered structures by a variety of precursor-based methods, many that involve solid-state thermolysis at or above 500 °C. One popular precursor building block is the triazine unit (C3N3), and most postulated amorphous CNx network structures are based on cross-linked triazine units. Since hydrogen is most often observed in the product, these materials are usually more appropriately described as CNxHy materials. Results from recent carbon nitride studies using larger conjugated heptazine (C6N7) precursors and from rigorous structural investigations of triazine to heptazine thermal conversion processes have prompted a reexamination of likely local structures present in amorphous carbon nitride networks formed by triazine thermolysis reactions. In the present study, the formation and local structure of a CNxHy material formed via the rapid and exothermic decomposition of a reactive triazine precursor, C3N3(NHCl)3, was examine...
The Taft-Hartley Act

I. Basic American labor conditions and distinctive characteristics of American trade unions, 1. — II. Efforts of the government to protect the right to organize and some of their unintended results, 6. — III. Provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act, 8. — IV. Areas where the law has not brought about important changes, 12. — V. Areas where the law has produced important changes, 21. — VI. Good features of the law, 20. — VII. Provisions of the law which deal with the "right" problems, but which are poorly worked out, 23. — VIII. Bad provisions in the law, 28. — IX. Basic characteristics of a good law, 29.
Characterization of insulinase from mammalian and non-mammalian livers

The Michaelis constants (Km's) and maximum reaction velocities (Vmax's) for the degradation of beef insulin by livers from frogs, guinea pigs, rats, a rabbit, a dog and a pig were determined. The Km's for mammalian livers appear to be species-dependent and range from 0.25 microM to 0.65 microM. The Km for frog liver was somewhat lower, averaging 0.13 microM. The Km is independent of animal age, but the enzyme concentrations (Vmax) were greatly reduced in the fetal guinea pig and 3 day rat compared to the adult livers. There appears to be no relation between Km and the chemical dissimilarity between beef insulin and endogenous insulin of the species, since guinea pig liver insulinase had a Km (0.50 microM) intermediate between dog (0.47 microM) and pig (0.65 microM) liver insulinase although guinea pig insulin has a markedly different amino acid sequence and biologic activity.
Hydrothermally shrunk alumina nanopores and their application to DNA sensing

Hydrothermal treatment of anodized alumina membranes has been known for years and is believed to seal the pores by transforming aluminium oxide into lower density hydroxides. We demonstrate that, at least for 60 nm diameter pores grown from anodization in oxalic acid at 40 V, the hydrothermal treatment significantly shrinks but does not fully seal the nanopores. The pores shrink to a neck of less than 10 nm in diameter and 2–4 µm in length, in which the diffusion coefficient of ions is five orders of magnitude smaller than in the bulk. Because of a high electrolyte resistance through hydrothermally treated shrunken nanopores, they can be used for electrical sensing applications, as demonstrated using the example of DNA sensing. Hybridization of target DNA with a complementary ssDNA covalently immobilized inside the nanopores causes an increase in impedance by more than 50% while a noncomplementary ssDNA has no measurable effect.
Provocable Pressure Gradient Across an Anomalous Left Main Coronary Artery A Unique Diagnostic Tool

A 14-year-old girl presented with progressive fatigue. She had a family history of Marfan syndrome, and a previous evaluation had revealed only an anomalous origin of the left main coronary artery. Although previously negative, a recent technetium Cardiolite stress test demonstrated a mild reversible lateral wall defect. Before making a commitment to operate, the surgeon requested confirmation of the physiological significance of the anomaly. MRI displayed …
An extension of a result of Grannan and Swindle on the poisoning of catalytic surfaces

Grannan and Swindle considered a model in which molecules of several types of reactant land on a catalytic surface. When two different reactants find themselves adjacent, they diffuse from the surface and leave the sites vacant. They showed that if the rate of bonding onto the surface of one reactant is sufficiently close to one, then the surface becomes poisoned by that type. In this paper we show that a sufficient condition for poisoning is that one reactant should bond at rate greater than that of the other reactants combined.
Interface effects on the dielectric response of a multiple-quantum-wire lattice and current-driven plasmon instability

We have determined the nonlocal, dynamic dielectric response properties of a multiple-quantum-wire lattice embedded in a semi-infinite plasma-like host medium, with the progression of parallel wires perpendicular to the interface, while the wires themselves are parallel to the surface. This is carried out within the framework of the random phase approximation, neglecting tunnelling. In this study, we have also investigated the condition for the occurrence of current-driven plasmon instability as a function of z0, the distance of the first quantum wire from the bounding surface, and as a function of a, the separation of the quantum wires. Furthermore, the coupled mode dispersion relations for the plasmons of multiple-quantum-wire systems in interaction with the surface and bulk plasmons of the host material are analysed for dependences on the geometrical parameters z0 and a.
Temperature-controlled surface plasmon resonance in VO (2) nanorods.

The optical properties of VO2 nanoparticles formed in an amorphous SiO2 host by stoichiometric ion implantation of vanadium and oxygen and thermal annealing have been determined and correlated with the particle size and morphology. The results show that that the temperature-controlled semiconductor-to-metal phase transition of the VO2 nanophase precipitates turns on the classical surface plasmon resonance, with specific features that depend on the size and aspect ratio of the VO2 particles. This effect improves the optical contrast between the metallic and semiconducting states in the near-IR region of the spectrum as a result of dielectric confinement that is due to the SiO2 host. A fiber-optic application is demonstrated, as is the ability to control the characteristics of the phase transition by using ion implantation to dope the VO2 nanoparticles with tungsten or titanium ions.
Development of inverse methods for determining thermophysical and radiative properties of high-temperature fibrous materials

Abstract The primary objective of this study has been to develop a methodology for determining thermophysical and optical properties of absorbing, emitting and highly scattering fibrous materials and to apply the methodology to a candidate material (zirconia). A model was constructed for predicting the effect of optical (single scattering albedo, extinction coefficient, back scattering fraction, index of refraction) and thermal (conductivity, specific heat) properties on heat transfer across the material. From a sensitivity analysis based on the model, the effect of the radiative properties on the transient thermal behavior was found to be dominated by the scattering albedo, while the effects of thermal conductivity and specific heat were found to be comparable. Nonlinear parameter estimation techniques were used to infer values of the extinction coefficient, back scattering fraction, and thermal conductivity of zirconia from temperature and transmittance measurements made during exposure of samples to solar fluxes of 400 and 600 k W m−2. Using these values with the model, the transmitted solar flux and temperature histories were predicted to within the error bounds of the data.
Signatures of resonant superpartner production with charged-current decays

Hadron collider signatures of new physics are investigated in which a primary resonance is produced that decays to a secondary resonance by emitting a $W$ boson, with the secondary resonance decaying to two jets. This topology can arise in supersymmetric theories with $R$-parity violation where the lightest supersymmetric particles are either a pair of squarks, or a slepton-sneutrino pair. The resulting signal can have a cross section consistent with the $Wjj$ observation reported by the CDF Collaboration, while remaining consistent with earlier constraints. Other observables that can be used to confirm this scenario include a significant charge asymmetry in the same channel at the LHC. With strongly interacting resonances such as squarks, pair production topologies additionally give rise to four jet and ${W}^{+}{W}^{\ensuremath{-}}+\text{ }\mathrm{\text{four}}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{\text{jet}}$ signatures, each with two equal-mass dijet resonances within the four jets.
Calcium transport in intact Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.

Abstract 1. 1. Ca 2+ transport by both intact ascites tumor cells and ascites cell mitochondria was studied spectrophotometrically using murexide, a metallochronic indicator of Ca 2+ concentrations. 2. 2. Ascites tumor cells can accumulate in vitro up to 30 μmoles of Ca 2+ per g dry wt within 3–4 min. The accumulation occurs when endogenous or added mitochondrial substrates provide for a coupled respiration. By contrast, glycolysis is unable to support Ca 2+ uptake. 3. 3. In the presence of succinate and rotenone, ascites tumor cells are able to accumulate and retain significant amounts of Ca 2+ . In the presence of endogenous or added NADH-linked substrates, the uptake of Ca 2+ was less and in a few minutes all the Ca 2+ accumulated by the cells is released into the medium. This release is specific for Ca 2+ and does not occur with Mr 2+ and Sr 2+ , which are accumulated and retained by the cells. 4. 4. Respiration of ascites cells was stimulated by the addition of Ca 2+ . In the presence of rotenone and succinate, the rate of respiration returns to basal levels after the Ca 2+ has been transported into the cell. However, with other substrates, Ca 2+ causes a stimulation of the respiration which continues even after the accumulation and subsequent release of Ca 2+ . 5. 5. Ca 2+ uptake by ascites cells was only slightly affected by the variation of monovalent cations, pH or osmolarity of the medium. It was completely inhibited by the addition of 10 mM Mg 2+ or 15 μM ruthenium red. 6. 6. The results obtained indicate that ascites tumor cells possess a plasma membrane permeable to Ca 2+ and that the Ca 2+ uptake by mitochondria inside the cell accounts for the entire cellular Ca 2+ accumulation. The use of ascites cells as a model for studying mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake in vivo and the metabolic aspects involved in Ca 2+ transport are discussed.
Thermal sensitisation by lonidamine of human melanoma cells grown at low extracellular pH

AbstractPurpose: This study tested the ability of lonidamine (LND), a clinically applicable inhibitor of monocarboxylate transporters (MCT), to thermally sensitise human melanoma cells cultured at a tumour-like extracellular pH (pHe) 6.7.Materials and methods: Human melanoma DB-1 cells cultured at pHe 6.7 and pHe 7.3 were exposed to 150 µM LND for 3 h, beginning 1 h prior to heating at 42 °C (2 h). Intracellular pH (pHi) was determined using 2′,7′-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) and whole spectrum analysis. Levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) were determined by immunoblot analysis. Cell survival was determined by colony formation.Results: Treatment with LND at pHe 6.7 reduced pHi to 6.30 ± 0.21, reduced thermal induction of HSPs, and sensitised cells growing at pHe 6.7 to 42 °C. When LND was combined with an acute acidification from pHe 6.7 to pHe 6.5, pHi was reduced to 6.09 ± 0.26, and additional sensitisation was observed. LND had negligible effects on cells cultured at pH 7....
Experimental investigation of active rib stitch knitted architecture for flow control applications

Actively manipulating flow characteristics around the wing can enhance the high-lift capability and reduce drag; thereby, increasing fuel economy, improving maneuverability and operation over diverse flight conditions which enables longer, more varied missions. Active knits, a novel class of cellular structural smart material actuator architectures created by continuous, interlocked loops of stranded active material, produce distributed actuation that can actively manipulate the local surface of the aircraft wing to improve flow characteristics. Rib stitch active knits actuate normal to the surface, producing span-wise discrete periodic arrays that can withstand aerodynamic forces while supplying the necessary displacement for flow control. This paper presents a preliminary experimental investigation of the pressuredisplacement actuation performance capabilities of a rib stitch active knit based upon shape memory alloy (SMA) wire. SMA rib stitch prototypes in both individual form and in stacked and nestled architectures were experimentally tested for their quasi-static load-displacement characteristics, verifying the parallel and series relationships of the architectural configurations. The various configurations tested demonstrated the potential of active knits to generate the required level of distributed surface displacements while under aerodynamic level loads for various forms of flow control.
A Serum Protein System Affecting Contractility of the Frog Heart Present in Increased Amounts in Patients with Essential Hypertension

Plasma samples from a group of patients with severe essential hypertension were formerly shown to have a cardiotonic action on the isolated frog heart. This effect is significantly greater than that observed with plasma from normal persons or those with other diseases. The material in plasma responsible for this action is a system of 3 proteins. These proteins have been distinguished by fractionation with sodium sulfate, and are found among the serum globulins. The protein, the concentration of which determines the activity of the whole system, is called component L. When applied to the frog heart it becomes strongly bound. Two other proteins are needed, one precipitated between 0 and 17 per cent sodium sulfate, the other between 22 and 30 per cent sodium sulfate. The 0 to 17 fraction is thought to require calcium for its activity, which is bound to the protein. Calcium can be released by the addition of component L in a reaction which is dependent on temperature, reversal being possible in high calcium concentrations in the cold. The protein system described causes contracture of frog heart muscle in the absence of ionic calcium, in contrast to other well-known contracture-causing agents which require the presence of free calcium for activity.
Self-incompatibility is codominant in intraspecific hybrids of self-compatible and self-incompatible Lycopersicon peruvianum and L. hirsutum based on protein and DNA marker analysis

Self-compatibility was investigated separately in two species of tomato, Lycopersicon peruvianum and L. hirsutum. The codominant expression of self-compatibility (SC)/self incompatibility (SI) was established using intraspecific hybrids of SC and SI hybrids. In SC L. peruvianum, a major stylar protein of approximately 29 kDa cosegregates with self-compatibility in the progeny of SC/SI hybrids. The SC/SI hybrids are self-fertile, but only partially so, since the SI allele present in the hybrids is capable of eliminating certain genotypes in the resultant progeny. In L. hirsutum, the majority of hybrids between one accession of SI L. hirsutum f. hirsutum and one of SC L. hirsutum f. glabratum are self-fertile. Analysis of the progeny revealed that the SC and SI alleles are codominant in this species as well. A protein product for the SC allele is not obvious in style extracts of L. hirsutum f. glabratum. Segregating progeny from SC/SI hybrids of L. hirsutum were used to map the S locus against five RFLP markers on chromosome 1, and estimated map distances are given. In addition, evidence is presented that indicates that one of the DNA markers, CD15, is duplicated in L. hirsutum f. glabratum, and the duplication is not linked to the S locus.
Identification of O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Modification of AnkyrinG Isoforms Targeted to Nodes of Ranvier

AnkyrinGs of 270 and 480 kDa are localized at nodes of Ranvier and are candidates to couple the voltage-dependent sodium channel and neurofascin to the spectrin/actin network. This study presents evidence that these ankyrins contain O-linked GlcNAc residues and identifies as the site of glycosylation a serine-rich domain that distinguishes them from other ankyrin isoforms. The 480-kDa ankyrinG, extracted from brain membranes associated with wheat germ agglutinin-affinity columns, was [3H]galactose-labeled with UDP-[3H] galactose and galactosyltransferase, and cross-reacted with an antibody against O-GlcNAc monosaccharides. AnkyrinG-associated sugars are O-linked monosaccharides based on resistance to peptide-N-glycosidase F and analysis of saccharides released by beta-elimination. The serine-rich domain is the site of glycosylation based on wheat germ agglutinin binding activity of polypeptides produced by in vitro translation in reticulocyte lysates. Immunofluorescence revealed co-localization of ankyrinG and O-GlcNAc immunoreactivity at nodes of Ranvier. These observations suggest that ankyrin at the node of Ranvier is O-GlcNAc-glycosylated and are the first demonstration of a post-translational modification that is concentrated at the node of Ranvier and not in adjacent areas of myelinated axons.
Continuous-wave second-harmonic generation as a surface microprobe.

We demonstrate that monolayer detection by optical second-harmonic generation is possible even with a 20-mW cw diode laser. Using a focused scanning laser beam, we also demonstrate a new method of monolayer surface microscopy. The same experiments suggest the possibility of an optical monolayer memory device.
A generic miniature multi-feature programmable wireless powering headstage ASIC for implantable biomedical systems

Wireless powering holds immense promise to enable a variety of implantable biomedical measurement systems with different power supply and current budget requirements. Effective power management demands more functionality in the headstage design like power level detection for range estimation and power save modes for sleep-wake operation. This paper proposes a single chip ASIC solution that addresses these problems by incorporating digitally programmable features and thus has the potential to enable wireless powering for many implantable systems. The ASIC includes an RF rectifier which has a peak efficiency of 17.9% at 900MHz and 11.0% at 2.4GHz, a robust 1V bandgap reference and LDO voltage regulator whose output can be programmed in the range of 1V-1.5V, and can drive upto 4mA of load current. The input RF power level detector has a threshold of 1.6V and the power management block can be programmed to give a 6%, 12.5% or 25% duty cycle power line to the transmitter resulting in upto 60% reduction in average power. The ASIC was fabricated using the TSMC 65nm process, occupies 1mm2 die area and the headstage consumes ∼300μA at 1.2V regulated supply.
International Equity Market Integration

Economic interdependence between nations has been the focus of considerable research. A particular avenue of international interrelationship that has received a great deal of recent attention is the integration of international stock markets. Increased trade between nations implies that domestic corporate profitability will be influenced by economic conditions in other countries. If international influence is widespread between particular markets then it is likely that measures of overall market performance will be related.
A PDGF receptor domain essential for mitogenesis but not for many other responses to PDGF

The receptors for mesenchymal growth factors contain tyrosine kinase coding sequences and exhibit ligand-activated tyrosine kinase activity. A variety of mutations of the epidermal growth factor1,2, insulin3,4 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (manuscript in preparation) receptors that have resulted in a loss of tyrosine kinase activity have produced a concomitant loss of growth factor-stimulated DNA synthesis. Comparison of amino acid sequences of tyrosine kinases shows that these regions in the PDGF receptors in mouse5 and human6 contain an insert of unknown function. We have deleted this region, and expressed the altered form of the receptor in fibroblasts which lack PDGF receptors. This had no effect on a number of responses to PDGF, but cells bearing the mutant receptor did not proliferate or synthesize DNA in response to PDGF. This demonstrates that the insert is essential in PDGF-induced mitogenesis, and that PDGF stimulation of the mutant receptor tyrosine kinase and phosphatidy-linositol turnover are not sufficient to elicit a mitogenic response to PDGF.
Videogames and Health Improvement: A Literature Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Abstract Objective: There are potential benefits of playing videogames for health improvement such as increasing knowledge about health-related issues by playing educational games and fighting a sedentary lifestyle by playing exergames. The number of systematic review articles about “videogames” and “health improvement” is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review those randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with the topic of “videogames” and “health improvement.” Materials and Methods: Several electronic databases were searched for RCTs testing videogames on health outcomes that were published in English between January 2000 and April 2012. Results: Forty-five articles met the eligibility criteria and were categorized into five groups: (1) videogames and patient pain and stress reduction (nine articles), (2) videogames and patient behavioral change (19 articles), (3) videogames and patient rehabilitation (eight articles), (4) videogames as diagnostic tools (three articles), and (5) videogam...
Diagnosing dementia in long-term care facilities.

SUMMARY Detection and accurate diagnosis of cognitive impairmentand dementia in LTCF remains deﬁcient. Failure to recognizedementia can lead to failure to protect the patient from theirown poor decision-making, and produce misunderstandingsbetween residents and caregivers who are not aware of howdementia is inﬂuencing the resident’s behavior. Failure toassess and document dementia and related problems can de-crease reimbursement under the skilled nursing facility pro-spective payment system and lead to survey citations. Failureto accurately diagnosis dementia in LTCFs deprives the resi-dent the advantages of early treatment and can increase therisk of medication errors, falls, delirium, and other dementia-related problems. Failure to prepare staff to provide necessaryphysical and emotional care will lead to unnecessary sufferingof LTCF residents with dementia, from entry into the facilityto end-of-life. REFERENCES 1. Roe C, Anderson M, Spivack B. Use of anticholinergic medications byolder adults with dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50:836 –842.2. Jantti P, Pyykko V, Hervonen A. Falls among elderly nursing homeresidents. Am J Public Health 1993;107:89–96.3. Jensen J, Nyberg L, Gustafson Y, Lundin-Olsson L. Fall and injuryprevention in residential care—Effects in residents with higher and lowerlevels of cognition. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51:627–635.4. McNicoll L, Pisani MA, Zhang Y, et al. Delirium in the intensive careunit: Occurrence and clinical course in older patients. J Am Geriatr Soc2003;51:591–598.5. Rahkonen T, Luukkainen-Markkula R, Paanila S, et al. Delirium episodeas a sign of undetected dementia among community dwelling elderlysubjects: A two-year follow-up study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry2000;69:519–521.6. McCusker J, Cole M, Dendukuri N, et al. Delirium in older medicalinpatients and subsequent cognitive and functional status: A prospectivestudy. Can Med Assoc J 2001;165:575–583.7. Fick D, Foreman M. Consequences of not recognizing delirium superim-posed on dementia in hospitalized elderly individuals. J Gerontol Nurs2000;26:30–40.8. Fick D, Agostini J, Inouye S. Delirium superimposed on dementia: Asystematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50:1723–1732.9. Cohen-Mansﬁeld J, Creedon M. Nursing staff members’ perceptions ofpain indicators in persons with severe dementia. Clin J Pain 2002;18:64–73.
Electron trapping in very thin thermal silicon dioxides

Constant current stress and C-V techniques have been used to study the electron trapping phenomenon in thermally grown thin SiO 2 films A mathematical model based on trap filling and trap generation is proposed and the capture cross-sections, trap generation rates, the centroids, and the densities of the pre-existing and generated traps are determined as functions of the current density. The generation of interface states is also characterized.
Calculation of photopolymerization energy required for optical fiber coating.

The UV flux density required for photopolymerization is calculated, primarily based on an estimation of the overall system efficiency and the activation energy of the photoinitiator added to the prepolymer solution. We found that there is a linear relationship between the flux density and coating speed. The experimental results support the relation. Furthermore, it is noted that full curing has been achieved at speeds >5 m/sec with the 10-kW output power. The 10-kW system delivers 1.5 kW of UV power in the 300–400-nm spectral range.
Hydrogenation of acetylene on Si(100)-(2 × 1) with atomic hydrogen : evidence for quasi Eley-Rideal chemistry

Abstract The adsorption of atomic hydrogen on the Si(100)-(2×1) surface with pre-adsorbed acetylene has been studied. For exposures of atomic hydrogen less than 2 L, the clean Si dimers without coadsorbed acetylene react to form Si monohydride. With an exposure of 5 to 10 L of atomic hydrogen, acetylene-occupied Si dimers as well as the acetylene itself also react to form Si monohydride and ethylene, respectively. At much higher exposures the formation of ethyl and Si dihydride is observed. This sequence of reaction events is discussed within the context of a quasi Eley–Rideal reaction of atomic hydrogen with the surface species, i.e. the radical atomic hydrogen has a finite diffusion length on the surface prior to reaction or desorption. A modified Kisliuk adsorption model has been employed successfully to describe the rates of Si monohydride and ethylene formation at a surface temperature of 150 K as a function of both the initial acetylene coverage and the post-exposure of atomic hydrogen.
Fish Commensals of Medusæ

IN the numbers of NATURE for July 19 and 26 (pp. 227, 248) are communications respecting fish-sheltering Medusae. The Trochurus in Europe appears to be a commensal of the Acaleph as well as the Pollochius. In the eastern waters of the United States, however, so far as I am aware, the Stromatoid fish Poronotus simtlis (Stromateus similis of some authors) seems to be the most common, if not the only associate, of several acalephs, viz., Dactylometra quinquecirra, Zygodactylon graen-landica, and Cyarea arctica. Under the umbrellas of these species small Poronoti are to be found in the late summer swimming, sometimes even to the number of twenty or more, but generally much fewer. Mr. Alexander Agassiz, in his “Sea-side Studies,” mentions the occurrence of an undetermined “Clupeoid” fish, but no other, under the umbrella of Dactylometra quinquecirra; the identification is probably erroneous. At least my own observations were made in the same region and at the same time of the year as Mr. Agassiz's, and only the Poronotus was seen. More detailed information respecting this association may be found recorded by Prof. Verrill in the “United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries” reports, Part I., pp. 449-450, 1873.
The effects of VIA® Instant Coffee on bench press performance: a gender comparison

Background An abundance of research is available concerning exercise and caffeine with men, but among women resistance trainers, it is scarce. We tested a highly caffeinated coffee product, Via instant coffee (VIA) vs. its decaffeinated version (DCF) on men and women. We hypothesized that VIA consumption would not benefit men greater than women (p>0.05) when comparing muscle explosiveness among resistance-trained (6.4±3.7 y) college students (N=23; 21.2+3.7 y).
Test data manipulation techniques for energy-frugal, rapid scan test

Scan-based testing methodologies remedy the testability problem of sequential circuits; yet they suffer from prolonged test time and excessive test power due to numerous shift operations. The significant correlation among test stimuli along with the high density of unspecified bits in test data enables the utilization of the existing test stimulus in the scan chain as the seed for the generation of the subsequent test stimulus, thus reducing both test time and test data volume. The proposed scan-based test scheme accesses only a subset of scan cells for loading the subsequent test stimulus while freezing the remaining scan cells with the preceding test stimulus, thus decreasing scan chain transitions during shift operations. The proposed scan architecture is coupled with test data manipulation techniques which include test stimuli ordering and partitioning algorithms, boosting test time reductions. The experimental results confirm the significant reductions in test application time, test data volume and test power achieved by the proposed scan-based testing methodology.
From Textbooks to Tea Parties: An Appalachian Antecedent of Anti-Obama Rebellion

The excitement over a new radio documentary about a 1974 curriculum dispute in Kanawha County, West Virginia, blended with the excitement over anti-Obama administration tea party gatherings in the summer of 2009. By fall of that year, people were listening to “The Great Textbook War of 1974” on West Virginia Public Radio and declaring that “Kanawha County Held the First Tea Party 35 Years Ago.” 1 This essay argues that the famous textbook controversy was one among many precursors to the current conservative rebellion, and warns against romanticizing or demonizing West Virginia protesters whose links to national organizers and conservative supporters, which are often overlooked, strengthen their likeness to today’s tea partiers. Drawing from more extensive arguments in Reading Appalachia from Left to Right: Conservatives and the 1974 Kanawha County Textbook Controversy, this essay situates the conflict in the evolving right-wing dis courses of the times, as well as in the context of cultural assumptions about Appalachia. 2 Doing so helps acknowledge the influence of the West Virginia dispute on today’s uprisings without reducing the multiple issues and variety of protesters involved then and now to a simplistic, dualistic feud. Quick Comparisons At first glance, there are some compelling similarities between the Kanawha County textbook controversy and tea party protests. For instance, the earliest objections to the controversial language arts curriculum were made in 1974 by Alice Moore, a white conservative Christian woman whose maternity functioned as de facto moral authority. Tea party hero and 2008 vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin bears a striking historical resemblance to her in terms of conservative agendas and controversy surrounding their gender. The Charleston Gazette implied a connection when it reported in 2010 that “at the age of 69, [Moore] paid $560 to cheer Sarah Palin at the National Tea Party Convention at Nashville. Moore told reporters that troubles arose because 1960s radicals became schoolteachers
Intrinsic Harmonic Distortion of Atomic Force Microscopy Cantilever Position Detection Methods

There has been recent interest in the utility and physical information content of higher harmonics in Atomic Force Microscopy: theoretically as a way to better understand the dynamical behavior of the cantilever-sample system and experimentally both as feedback signals to enhance scanning stability under liquid and as indicators of the properties of the tip-sample interaction force such as the Hamaker constant and Young’s Modulus. However, the great majority of investigations of cantilever motion have assumed the cantilever position detection system to be linear in cantilever position when in fact it is not. The output of both beam-bounce and interferometric detection systems are nonlinear and this nonlinearity leads to harmonic distortion of the output signal. Importantly, the magnitude of this distortion can easily be equal to or greater than the actual harmonic components of the cantilever motion, thus rendering attempts to use harmonic signals for feedback or as keys to the reconstruction of the tip-sample interaction force non-quantitative. We examine both beam-bounce and interferometric detection systems theoretically and experimentally, discuss the various sources of nonlinearity in each, and propose a simple technique for minimizing the harmonic distortion and extracting the real harmonic components of the cantilever motion from the distorted output signal.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
The environment of QSOs (invited review)

The evidence for the association of QSOs with groups of galaxies and the available data on the global properties of such groups are reviewed. At least for redshifts less than 0.5, QSOs tend to occur in richer-than-average environments. There is some evidence that groups around steep-radio-spectrum QSOs are systematically richer than those around radio-quiet and flat-radiospectrum QSOs. The groups associated with the former may sometimes reach central galaxy number densities similar to those of moderately rich clusters, but are significantly more compact, and there is no evidence that any such groups have velocity dispersions above a few hundred kms-1.
The processing of the sounds and meanings of ongoing speech by aphasic subjects

The ability of aphasic subjects to process the sounds and meanings of ongoing speech was tested. Subjects, 10 aphasic and 20 control, heard test sentences which contained one member of phonemically similar word pairs in one of three semantic contexts: congruent, neutral, and noncongruent. Immediately after hearing a sentence, subjects were to indicate which member of the word pair had been in the sentence. All subject groups had similar overall patterns of response to the different semantic contexts. The division of aphasic subjects into groups of high and low comprehenders revealed response differences. High comprehending aphasic subjects, like control subjects, demonstrated interactive processing of the sounds and meaning of speech while low comprehending aphasic subjects did not.
Management Educators: In Danger of Becoming Pedestrians on the Information Superhighway

This essay uses the metaphor of pedestrians on the information superhighway to bring out the impending dangers of being a walker on a road intended for quick-moving traffic. Drawing on the metaphor, the author addresses three dangers as challenges to current practices of management education: (a) obsolescence: keeping pedagogy apace with new knowledge realities; (b) slowness: appropriately integrating new communication technologies into pedagogy; and (c) constrained choice: designing institutional arrangements to encourage pedagogical innovation.
Endothelial cells are activated by cytokine treatment to kill an intravascular parasite, Schistosoma mansoni, through the production of nitric oxide

Abstract Like many pathogens that undergo an intravascular stage of development, larvae of the helminth parasite Schistosoma mansoni migrate through the blood vessels, where they are in close contact with endothelial cells. In vitro exposure of murine endothelial cells to various cytokines (interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 1 alpha or 1 beta) resulted in their activation to kill schistosomula through an arginine-dependent mechanism involving production of nitric oxide (NO). Cytokine-treated endothelial cells showed increased expression of mRNA for the inducible form of the NO synthase, and both NO production and larval killing were suppressed by treatment with competitive inhibitors. The effector function of cytokine-treated endothelial cells was similar to that of activated inflammatory tissue macrophages, although activation appeared to be differentially regulated in these two cell types. Activated endothelial cells killed older (18-day) forms of the parasite, such as those currently thought to be a primary target of immune elimination in the lungs of mice previously vaccinated with radiation-attenuated cercariae, as well as newly transformed larvae. In C57BL/6 mice, which become resistant to S. mansoni infection as a result of vaccination with irradiated cercariae, endothelial cell morphology characteristic of activation was observed in the lung by 1-2 weeks after challenge infection. Similar endothelial cell changes were absent in P-strain mice, which do not become resistant as a result of vaccination. Together, these observations indicate that endothelial cells, not traditionally considered to be part of the immune system, may play an important role in immunity to S. mansoni and, by means of NO-dependent killing, could serve as effectors of resistance to other intravascular pathogens.
DEXAMETHASONE STIMULATES FETAL RAT LUNG ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITY IN PARALLEL WITH SURFACTANT STIMULATION

DEXAMETHASONE STIMULATES FETAL RAT LUNG ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITY IN PARALLEL WITH SURFACTANT STIMULATION
Studies on the development of the chick optic tectum. III. Effects of early eye removal

The effects of early deafferentation upon the development of the optic tectum have been studied in a series of chicks from which the right eye had been removed during the second or third day of incubation. No change could be observed in the tectum contralateral to the eye removal (apart from the absence of thestratum opticum in which the retinal fibers are normally found) until the twelfth day of incubation. From this it is concluded that deafferentation has no effect upon cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation or the initial migration of neurons in the tectum, since these morphogenetic processes are largely completed by day 12. Beyond the fourteenth day of incubation there was a progressive atrophy of the tectum, so that by the time of hatching the affected side was markedly reduced in volume and had undergone a considerable degree of cell loss. In addition, the cytoarchitectonic differentiation of the layers in which the retinal afferents terminate was disrupted, and in certain of the deeper layers there was a conspicuous shrinkage of the surviving neurons. These findings have been compared to the effects of eye removal some time after retino-tectal connections were established. Deafferentation at this time results in a qualitatively similar, but quantitatively less severe, atrophy of the tectum. A consideration of these observations, and the findings of similar studies in the literature, leads to the general conclusion that in the avian nervous system the principal effect of early deafferentation is an atrophy, or degeneration, of differentiated neurons; this may, in time, lead to a disruption of the normal pattern of growth and cytoarchitectonic structure.
Analysing uncharted transcriptomes with SAGE

Methods of comprehensive gene expression analysis have traditionally been limited to analysing bulk tissue or millions of cells. New modifications of serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) have now permitted the analysis of gene expression in cell subpopulations or microanatomic structures, providing access to unexplored transcriptomes of normal and disease biology.
Adding valued data to social network measures : Does it add to associations with adolescent substance use?

This research examines whether adding information about adolescent friendships (feeling of closeness to friend, visits to friend's home, interaction outside school, and parent involvement in the friendship) to social network measures increases associations with adolescent substance use. In 2002, friendship nominations were obtained from more than 4700 students in grades 6 to 8 in 13 schools. Social network measures weighted and unweighted for the valued information were created from those data and compared. The findings suggest that, although non-valued network measures and ego substance use were associated, the valued network measures did not add to those associations.
Land application of crushed gypsum wallboard waste for alfalfa.

Abstract Three seasons of research that evaluated the effect of the land application of crushed gypsum wallboard waste (CW) for alfalfa were conducted at four Wisconsin locations having differing soil types and climatic conditions. Material was applied at rates up to 36.0 Mg ha‐1 preplant and 2.2 Mg ha‐1 topdress. The highest application of CW pre‐plant showed a positive trend for increased yield of alfalfa at three of the four locations, although this response was not statistically significant. Stand density was not affected with the exception of one year at one location for which the stand was lower where the highest rate Of CW was applied. The soil pH decreased slightly where high rates of CW were applied, presumably caused by an increase in soil solution hydrogen ions which were displaced from exchange sites. Soil calcium (Ca) and sulfur (S) usually increased, and soil test magnesium (Mg) usually decreased where the highest rate of CW was applied. There was no consistent effect of CW application on th...
Partitioned frame networks for multi-level, menu based interaction

Menu-based systems have continued to flourish because they present a simple interaction format that is adaptable to many diverse applications. The continued integration of menu-based interaction with increasingly sophisticated software systems, however, is resulting in complex, monolithic frame networks with several undesirable characteristics. This paper presents a novel approach to frame network construction and menu-based interaction for application systems that support user task specifications. The approach is based on partitioning the conventional, monolithic frame network into a set of hierarchically structured, disjoint networks that preserves the original network topology while reducing its overall complexity and size. Moreover, by providing a menu-based interaction scheme that exploits this hierarchical structure, one can realize a system that supports a "top-down" approach to user task specification and user interaction at varying levels of sophistication.