cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teaching Sustainability: Applying Studio Pedagogy to Develop an Alternative Post- Hurricane Housing Solution Using Surplus Shipping Containers

This paper illustrates the use of studio teaching as a technique for promoting an interdisciplinary approach to teaching students about sustainability. It emphasizes an iterative decision-making process to help students think 'outside the box' when exploring sustainable solutions. The paper focuses on a particular case adopted by a combined studio of architecture and landscape architecture students to help provide sustainable housing solutions for post-hurricane victims. The studio format provides a student-centered learning environment where students, faculty, and industry professionals work together to propose alternative post-disaster housing and community restoration strategies. The students gained a heightened understanding of the need to address global challenges in an interdisciplinary manner, which is key for solving sustainability problems.
Reactivity of Uranium and Ferrous Iron with Natural Iron Oxyhydroxides

Determining key reaction pathways involving uranium and iron oxyhydroxides under oxic and anoxic conditions is essential for understanding uranium mobility as well as other iron oxyhydroxide mediated processes, particularly near redox boundaries where redox conditions change rapidly in time and space. Here we examine the reactivity of a ferrihydrite-rich sediment from a surface seep adjacent to a redox boundary at the Rifle, Colorado field site. Iron(II)–sediment incubation experiments indicate that the natural ferrihydrite fraction of the sediment is not susceptible to reductive transformation under conditions that trigger significant mineralogical transformations of synthetic ferrihydrite. No measurable Fe(II)-promoted transformation was observed when the Rifle sediment was exposed to 30 mM Fe(II) for up to 2 weeks. Incubation of the Rifle sediment with 3 mM Fe(II) and 0.2 mM U(VI) for 15 days shows no measurable incorporation of U(VI) into the mineral structure or reduction of U(VI) to U(IV). Results i...
Self-sterile isolates of Pythium mate with self-fertile isolates of Pythium ultimum

Self-sterile isolates of Pythium (type S or Pythium group HS) that possessed cultural growth characteristics and morphologies similar to P. ultimum var. ultimum produced antheridia and mated success? fully when paired with self-fertile (type O or homo? thallic) isolates of this species and P. ultimum var. spo- rangiiferum. The self-sterile isolates produced antheridia that fused with oogonia produced by self- fertile isolates of P. irregulare but the oogonia aborted. The self-sterile isolates were identified as male forms of P. ultimum, since they exclusively formed antheridia when paired with self-ferile isolates of this species. Progenies from crosses between male and self-fertile isolates displayed traits of recombination in culture, indicating normal sexual reproduction occurred dur?
Social Media in Television News: The Effects of Twitter and Facebook Comments on Journalism

This study employs the heuristic-systematic model to assess the influences of Twitter and Facebook comments compared to man-on-the-street interviews on audiences’ evaluations of news journalism. Comments from social network sites (SNSs) also varied in their use of appropriate grammatical form and internet lingo. Using a 2 × 3 × 2 between-subjects experimental design, participants responded on journalistic quality and credibility after watching a television news segment with different comment types. Results revealed that SNS comments, as heuristic cues, played a substantial role in affecting audiences’ evaluation of the news. Specifically, results found that Twitter comments received the highest perceptions of journalistic quality, especially when featured in hard news stories. Stories featuring SNS comments using internet lingo were received more favorably than those using normal language. The results suggest that Twitter comments possess journalistic value.
Late endocrine effects of childhood cancer

The cure rate for paediatric malignancies is increasing, and most patients who have cancer during childhood survive and enter adulthood. Surveillance for late endocrine effects after childhood cancer is required to ensure early diagnosis and treatment and to optimize physical, cognitive and psychosocial health. The degree of risk of endocrine deficiency is related to the child's sex and their age at the time the tumour is diagnosed, as well as to tumour location and characteristics and the therapies used (surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy). Potential endocrine problems can include growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism (primary or central), adrenocorticotropin deficiency, hyperprolactinaemia, precocious puberty, hypogonadism (primary or central), altered fertility and/or sexual function, low BMD, the metabolic syndrome and hypothalamic obesity. Optimal endocrine care for survivors of childhood cancer should be delivered in a multidisciplinary setting, providing continuity from acute cancer treatment to long-term follow-up of late endocrine effects throughout the lifespan. Endocrine therapies are important to improve long-term quality of life for survivors of childhood cancer.
Pursuing Goals with Others

This article explores motivation in a social context: how people pursue goals with others, with information on others, and for the self and others. As people incorporate close others into their extended selves (Aron et al., 1991), they begin to treat others' actions and outcomes as partially their own. This tendency, in turn, has implications for coordinating goal pursuits with others and for the preference for actions that maximize the total benefits for the self and others. To demonstrate these principles – coordination and joint-benefits maximization – we first explore coordination in pursuing goals with others (i.e., working in teams), showing that people respond to others' actions and lack of action similarly to how they respond to their own actions and lack of action. We next explore coordination in pursuing goals with information on others, showing that people conform to others' preferences and attitudes yet choose actions that complement others' actions. Finally, we review research on pursuing goals for the self and others, showing that people wish to maximize the total benefits for the group.
Performance and concentration of amino acids in plasma and urine of young pigs fed diets with excesses of either arginine or lysine.

Four experiments were conducted to investigate the arginine x lysine interaction in young pigs. Excess supplemental arginine (.67 to 2% of diet) decreased weight gain and feed intake, but had no effect on efficiency of feed utilization. Lysine supplementation (.5 or 2.5%) did not ameliorate the adverse effects of excess arginine. Decreasing the arginine content to .8% from a level routinely supplied by typical swine diets (1.3%) did not improve pig performance. Excess supplemental arginine increased plasma arginine and ornithine concentrations and decreased plasma lysine and histidine concentrations; several other amino acids were decreased in plasma as well. Feeding 2.8% total dietary arginine resulted in a dramatic increase in urinary excretion of arginine, ornithine, citrulline, lysine, histidine and cystine. From these results it is concluded that the adverse effects of excess arginine represent classic amino acid imbalance rather than amino acid antagonism.
Predation, Competitive Exclusion, and Diversity in the Soft-Sediment Benthic Communities of Estuaries and Lagoons

A review of experiments in which large, epibenthic predators are excluded from soft-sediment marine benthic communities in unvegetated portions of estuaries and lagoons and a comparison of unvegetated areas with nearby grassbeds, where predators on the infauna are less effective, demonstrate that such soft- sediment systems, when freed from predation, usually exhibit 1) an increase in total density, 2) an increase in species richness, and 3) no tendency toward competitive exclusion by some dominant species. The currently accepted model of community organization, developed from experimental work in marine rocky intertidal communities, would predict that significant simplification of the community should occur as a consequence of intense competition in such a system where density had increased substantially following the removal of predators.
Variation Resilient Power Sensor With an 80-ns Response Time for Fine-Grained Power Management

This paper presents real-time on-chip power and temperature sensors that provide fine-grained estimates for power consumption in systems-on-chip and also provide a concurrent temperature estimate for dynamic power and temperature management. This sensor occupies an area of 0.01 mm2 in a 0.13- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS technology. With a simplified one-point calibration and a response time of 80 ns, it shows improvements in input dynamic range by ten times, response time by six times, and sensitivity by three times over previous such sensors. A compact low-power current reference with a 3- $\sigma _{\text {max}}$ TC of 127 ppm/°C and a line regulation of 1%/V is also presented, which is used in a replica-structure-based online calibration scheme, resulting in improved tolerance to variations in process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) and degradation due to supply noise as well as aging.
Influence of wastewater treatment plant discharges on microplastic concentrations in surface water.

The abundance of microplastic particles in the marine environment is well documented, but less is known about microplastics in the freshwater environment. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) may not effectively remove microplastics allowing for their release to the freshwater environment. To investigate concentration of microplastic in fresh water and the impact of WWTP effluent, samples were collected upstream and downstream of four major municipal WWTPs on the Raritan River, NJ. Microplastics were categorized into three quantitative categories (500–2000 μm, 250–500 μm, 125–250 μm), and one semi-quantitative category (63–125 μm). Then, microplastics were classified as primary (manufactured in small size) or secondary (derived from larger plastics) based on morphology. The concentration of microplastics in the 125–250 and 250–500 μm size categories significantly increased downstream of WWTP. The smaller size classes, often not quantified in microplastic studies, were in high relative abundance across sampling sites. While primary microplastics significantly increased downstream of WWTP, secondary microplastic was the dominant type in the quantitative size categories (66–88%). A moderate correlation between microplastic and distance downstream was observed. These results have implications for understanding the fate and transport of microplastics in the freshwater environment.
Dislocation pancarpienne avec fracture luxation palmaire du capitatum : à propos d’un cas

Abstract Capitate fractures are rare and dislocations are even more uncommon. To our knowledge, there has been no report of a capitate fracture with complete dislocation in the literature. Here we present the first case of a capitate fracture dislocation, sustained after a motorcycle accident.
Chapter 2: What Courts Do . . . And How to Model It

We review the basic building blocks of the case-space approach to modeling courts, particularly cases, dispositions, and rules. We provide numerous examples of case spaces. We clarify the policy-making actions of courts, distinguishing statutory interpretation, review of agency rule-making on procedural grounds, review of agency rule-making on substantive grounds, and constitutional review. We demonstrate that simple versions of the case-space approach are extensible to more complex legal concepts such as evidence, doctrine, and causes of action. We note some of the feed back effects of judicial actions, particularly on the distribution of presented cases, the behavior in society at large, and on social welfare. This essay is a draft chapter of a book-in-progress on the positive political theory of courts.
Surgical treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis after sinus lift.

BackgroundThe sinus lift (or sinus augmentation) is a common procedure to improve maxillary bone stock before dental implantation. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a potential complication of this p...
Atrial Fibrillation and Microbleeds

See releated articles, pp 2653, 2654, 2665, 2671 Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cause of cardioembolism and ischemic stroke (IS). Long-term oral anticoagulation (OAC) is the mainstay therapy for IS prevention in patients with AF. However, uncertainties exist about the safety of OAC in AF patients with coexisting cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). Several studies suggest that individuals with CMBs seem to be at increased risk for future stroke, in particular intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).1–4 Also, the presence and number of CMBs seem to correlate with CHADS2 and CHADS2-VASC scores (congestive heart failure/left ventricular systolic dysfunction, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke or TIA or thromboembolism, vascular disease), which are used to estimate IS risk in patients with AF.5,6 As a result, the detection of CMBs often raises the following host of questions and leads to a therapeutic dilemma. 1. Does the detection of CMBs in patients with AF imply high risk for ICH to offset any benefit from OAC? 2. Are predictive scales for the risk of bleeding or IS in patients with AF useful to stratify the risk/benefit and to aid with decision-making? 3. Does the burden and anatomic location of CMBs influence risks for future ICH? We will address these questions in this review and attempt to provide a pragmatic approach to the treatment of AF in patients with CMBs. CMBs represent hemosiderin deposits caused by minor bleeding from microangiopathy.7 They are often seen as small (usually <10 mm) hypointense dark areas of signal void on susceptibility-weighted or gradient-echo T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Overall, CMBs are associated with many of the classical risk factors for cerebrovascular disease8 but are most commonly associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and poorly controlled hypertension. The distribution of CMBs seems …
Case Study: Effects of extended-release eprinomectin on cow-calf performance and reproductive success in a fall-calving beef herd

ABSTRACT Gastrointestinal parasites cost the US beef industry $3 billion annually. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess performance parameters and reproductive success of fall-calving beef herds treated with extended-release eprinomectin compared with a conventional anthelmintic product. In Exp. 1, 119 fall-calving cows were treated with short-duration injectable ivermectin (n = 53; CONV) or injectable extended-release eprinomectin (n = 66; EPR). Cow and calf performance, pregnancy rates, calving interval, and calving distribution were analyzed. Average daily gain and change in BW were greater in EPR cows (P ≤ 0.01) than CONV. Pregnancy rates tended to be greater for EPR than CONV cows (P = 0.15). Calves from EPR dams were younger at weaning but had greater weaning weights than calves from CONV dams (P
Towards A Universal Power Manager for Multi-Source Energy Scavenging and Storage

Power efficiency of multi-source integrated energy harvesting (EH), storage, and delivery is a fundamental requirement of emerging energy autonomous internet-of-thing (IoT) and internet-of-everything (IoE) devices. To make these energy autonomous devices practical, an enhanced, universal power management integrated circuit (PMIC) needs to be developed for efficiently controlling power on-chip. Currently, there exists no universal power manager (UPM) that seamlessly interfaces to DC and/or AC EH sources. The state of the art viable PMICs delivered by industry rely primarily on the following approach: for an unregulated DC source a DC/DC power manager is adopted whereas for an AC source, a front-end rectifier is inserted. This reduces efficiency and enhances distortion, requiring additional filtering.
A Statistical Model of Cell Wall Dynamics during Expansive Growth

Expansive growth is a process by which walled cells found in plants, algae and fungi, use turgor pressure to mediate irreversible wall deformation and regulate their shape and volume. The molecular structure of the primary cell wall must therefore be able to perform multiple function simultaneously such as providing structural support by a combining elastic and irreversible deformation and facilitate the deposition of new material during growth. This is accomplished by a network of microfibrils and tethers composed of complex polysaccharides and proteins that are able to dynamically mediate the network topology via constant detachment and reattachment events. Global biophysical models such as those of Lockhart and Ortega have provided crucial macroscopic understanding of the expansive growth process, but they lack the connection to molecular processes that trigger network rearrangements in the wall. In this context, we propose a statistical approach that describes the population behavior of tethers that have elastic properties and the ability to break and reform in time. Tether properties such as bond lifetimes and stiffness, are then shown to govern global cell wall mechanics such as creep and stress relaxation. The model predictions are compared with experiments of stress relaxation and turgor pressure step-up from existing literature, for the growing cells of incised pea (Pisum sativus L.), algae Chara corallina and the sporangiophores of the fungus, Phycomyces blakesleeanus. The molecular parameters are estimated from fits to experimental measurements combined with the information on the dimensionless number Π pe that is unique to each species. To our knowledge, this research is the first attempt to use a statistical approach to model the cell wall during expansive growth and we believe it will provide a better understanding of the cell wall dynamics at a molecular level.
The Deployment of Knowledge

In the last two chapters, beginning with the topic of the preconditions which make perceptions possible, and ending with that of belief, I have been giving my version of the successive steps of the cycle of adaptive knowing. The description of that cycle will not be complete, of course, until we have put the last bricks in place. This will involve a description of the condition of knowledge and how it is used for understanding and control, ending with the conative function and with overt behavior.
STAT Transcriptional Activation Mechanisms

STAT transcription factors act as switches that convert extracellular signals into cellular action. While the structures underlying this switch, including signal-dependent phosphorylation, dimerization, nuclear translocation, and DNA binding are highly conserved among STAT family members, the biochemistry of effector actions is remarkably diverse. The business end of the molecule contains a transactivation domain that functions by interactions with other transcription factors, with coactivators, and with subunits of the basal transcriptional machinery. Evolutionary pressures have driven the development of STAT transactivation domains such that each family member solves its effector challenges in a unique manner.
Oncological FDG PET/CT: Is there a universal SUV or lesion-to-liver SUV ratio?

114 Objectives We retrospectively compared the threshold values of maximum standard uptake value (SUV) and lesion-to-liver SUV ratio (SUVratio) in different tumor entities and locations and aimed to answer the question whether there is a universal SUV or SUVratio in oncological F-18 FDG PET/CT. Methods N = 143 patients in 4 groups underwent a whole-body FDG PET/CT: a) 43 patients for SPN characterization with b) characterization of their mediastinal lymph nodes (LN), c) 64 patients for LN staging of head and neck cancer, and d) 36 cancer patients with adrenal lesions. Histopathological confirmation or imaging follow-up served as standard references. Cut-off values were obtained from receiver operating characteristics. Results Threshold values for SUV and SUVratio and corresponding sensitivities, specificities and areas under the curve (AUC) are summarized in table. AUC between SUV and SUVratio was not statistically significant in any of the 4 groups. Conclusions A universal SUV or SUVratio applicable for all tumor types and locations does not exist in FDG PET/CT. The moderate diagnostic accuracy associated with variable SUV and SUVratio as seen in SPN and mediastinal LN is likely attributed to the high prevalence of inflammation/infection within the chest. But the high diagnostic accuracy with identical cut-off values for cervical LN and adrenal lesion suggests that similar SUV and SUVratio may exist and be used particularly for regions of the body that appear to have a low prevalence of inflammation/infection.
Sharpening the Electromagnetic Arrow(s) of Time

Time in electromagnetism shares many features with time in other physical theories. But there is one aspect of electromagnetism's relationship with time that has always been controversial, yet has not always attracted the limelight it deserves: the electromagnetic arrow of time. Beginning with a re-analysis of a famous argument between Ritz and Einstein over the origins of the radiation arrow, this chapter frames the debate between modern Einsteinians and neo-Ritzians. It tries to find a clean statement of what the arrow is and then explains how it relates to the cosmological and thermodynamic arrows, representing the most developed and sophisticated attack yet, in either the physics or philosophy literature, on the electromagnetic arrow of time.
Differential HDAC1/2 network analysis reveals a role for prefoldin/CCT in HDAC1/2 complex assembly

HDAC1 and HDAC2 are components of several corepressor complexes (NuRD, Sin3, CoREST and MiDAC) that regulate transcription by deacetylating histones resulting in a more compact chromatin environment. This limits access of transcriptional machinery to genes and silences transcription. While using an AP-MS approach to map HDAC1/2 protein interaction networks, we noticed that N-terminally tagged versions of HDAC1 and HDAC2 did not assemble into HDAC corepressor complexes as expected, but instead appeared to be stalled with components of the prefoldin-CCT chaperonin pathway. These N-terminally tagged HDACs were also catalytically inactive. In contrast to the N-terminally tagged HDACs, C-terminally tagged HDAC1 and HDAC2 captured complete histone deacetylase complexes and the purified proteins had deacetylation activity that could be inhibited by SAHA (Vorinostat), a Class I/II HDAC inhibitor. This tag-mediated reprogramming of the HDAC1/2 protein interaction network suggests a mechanism whereby HDAC1 is first loaded into the CCT complex by prefoldin to complete folding, and then assembled into active, functional HDAC complexes. Imaging revealed that the prefoldin subunit VBP1 colocalises with nuclear HDAC1, suggesting that delivery of HDAC1 to the CCT complex happens in the nucleus.
High School, Boeing, and the War Years

At age 12, I entered the workforce unimpeded by child labor laws and minimum wages. I was the third breadwinner in the family. My father worked full time. My mother baked cakes and pies that she sold to restaurants. In addition, I worked for the West Side Drug store delivering to customers on my bicycle, much as Amazon and UBER are starting today to deliver groceries and sundries to homes by auto. My pay: 8 cents per hour. I learned to operate an old-fashioned soda fountain. At age 14, that skill landed me a better job at the OK Drive-In, managing a fountain. Here I learned to fry-cook. Pay now grew to $8 per week. With a record as a reliable employee, supplemented by high school shop courses in electricity, I landed a job at Boeing, 1943, age 16, starting at $5.60 per day. During these years, I became an activist member of Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), working to break down local discrimination against African Americans (Negroes, or “Colored” in the politically correct language of the day). The theaters, confronted with mixed race sit-ins would concede. Under the Kansas constitution, all forms of discrimination are illegal. But theater policies were not changed, and black peoples were predominantly passive in accepting inferior treatment.
Comparative Study of Heading and Speed Control Techniques for Small Autonomous Surface Vehicles

Due to varying and unpredictable sea/ocean environments, Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs) require robust and reliable speed and heading control to autonomously navigate and successfully complete given mission tasks. In the paper, the authors consider the speed and heading control of an ASV whose decision processes (given specific mission goals) are solely determined by on-board autonomy software platform, Mission Oriented Operating Suite-Interval Programming (MOOS-IvP). Here, the “front seat” control of the ASV is only privy to speed and heading commands and not the nature of the desired ASV trajectories. The test vehicle in this study is an autonomous Rigid Hull Inflatable boat (RHIB), whose model dynamics are not perfectly known. The purpose of this research is to determine and identify model-based control techniques that can be easily implemented, tuned, and provide reliable speed and heading control under this autonomy architecture. Control techniques studied in this paper include PID control, PID-based Sliding Mode Control (SMC-PID), and Adaptive Linear Quadratic Regulators (ALQR). Rudder saturation control to prevent additional steering phase lag is also investigated.All control techniques are numerically simulated and implemented using the MOOS-IvP autonomy control platform on board the Seafox, a Rigid Hull Inflatable boat (RHIB) platform. The control techniques are implemented in Seafox and tested on the Puget Sound on the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) Division, Keyport Range Complex. Analysis of numerical simulations show that SMC and ALQR have higher performance in both speed and heading control, and rudder rate saturation is very effective in preventing over steering. However, field tests with the Seafox show that speed and heading control with PID control is sufficient and, often times, better than that with the SMC and ALQR. No conclusions, yet, can be drawn regarding the efficacy of rudder rate saturation.
Up-Regulation of miR-195 Expression Leads to Decreased Expression of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in CLL Patients Treated with DNA Methylation Inhibitors.

Abstract A higher than age-expected DNA methylation index is predictive for early disease progression in patients with CLL (Yu et al. Leukemia Research 2006). We hypothesized that miRNA expression can also be silenced by promoter hypermethylation in CLL. Thus, methyl pool or DNA methyltransferase inhibitors can upregulate microRNAs with tumor suppressor characteristics by restoring the “normal” pattern of methylation. Results of patients treated with cladribine, a methyl substrate inhibitor, or 5-azacitidine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor were compared in 2 separate clinical protocols. The global DNA methylation decreased after treatment with cladribine or 5-azacitidine in 60% of the patients. At the 2006 ASH meeting, we reported on the consistent upregulation of miR-17-3p, miR-21, miR-29a, miR-29b, miR-29c, miR-30e, miR-104, miR-126, miR-128a, miR-130a, miR-141, miR-142-3p, miR-148a, miR-151, miR-199a, miR-199a*, and miR-301 by real-time PCR using the Early Access Human Panel from Applied Biosystems. Data from two patients on the cladribine protocol and 10 patients on the 5-azacitidine protocol were used for statistical analyses. Non-parametric Wilcoxon tests as well as t-tests were performed. Comparisons were made of the responders versus non-responders, and of cladribine versus 5-azacytidine. Since many of the miRNAs showed differences in the cladribine versus 5-azacytidine comparison, a second responder vs non-responder analysis was performed in which the two cladribine subjects were removed. MiR-195 was statistically more upregulated in the cladribine treated responder whereas miR-29c was statistically most upregulated in the 5-azacitidine treated patients (p=0.02). In the patients with global demethylation after treatment, upregulation of microRNA-195 was observed and directly correlated with regional demethylation of the CpG island, confirmed by bisulfite sequencing. Some of the predicted targets of miR-195 include bcl-2, CNOT6L, USP15, PADAH1B1, and ESRRG. MiR-195 may also have tumor suppressor characteristics as it also targets basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), a gene important in CLL angiogenesis. There has been some evidence suggesting FGF-2 is an oncogene. For example, overexpression of FGF-2 isoforms facilitates growth of NIH 3T3 cells in low serum media and also mediates radioresistance of HeLa cells. FGF-2 is also protective against irradiation activation of p53 in the leukemia cells derived from patients with CLL. Although cladribine has been reported to downregulate FGF-2 by inhibiting adenosine deaminase, downregulation of FGF-2 at the transcript and protein levels was also observed in before and after treatment samples from patients treated with 5-azacytidine. We propose an alternative mechanism by which the FGF-2 transcript is degraded after binding to excess miR-195. In patients responsive to treatment with DNA methylation inhibitors, a regional decrease in the methylation status of the CpG island 5′ to miR-195 may lead to increased expression.
Is There Room for Theory in the Study of Religion? A Question Revisited

This editor's introduction presents this issue of the Bulletin, while raising an important question: Is there room for theory in religious studies? Offers an overview and critique of current trends in theorizing religion.
The Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula: From the Paleolithic to the Bronze Age

In this book, Katina Lillios provides an up-to-date synthesis of the rich histories of the peoples who lived on the Iberian Peninsula between 1,400,000 (the Paleolithic) and 3,500 years ago (the Bronze Age) as revealed in their art, burials, tools, and monuments. She highlights the exciting new discoveries on the Peninsula, including the evidence for some of the earliest hominins in Europe, Neanderthal art, interbreeding between Neanderthals and modern humans, and relationships to peoples living in North Africa, the Mediterranean, and Western Europe. This is the first book to relate the ancient history of the Peninsula to broader debates in anthropology and archaeology. Amply illustrated and written in an accessible style, it will be of interest to archaeologists and students of prehistoric Spain and Portugal.
Practice Makes Perfect: Training Residents in Difficult Encounters.

Introduction A significant number of patient encounters are perceived to be difficult. Residents receive little training in managing difficult clinical encounters, and lectures or traditional simulated patient encounters may not provide the opportunity to practice learned skills. Deliberate practice has been shown to be effective in training clinical skills. We used simulation with deliberate practice and feedback to train residents in difficult patient encounters. Methods Twelve second-year residents in the University of Missouri Family and Community Medicine residency program participated in simulated patient encounters with difficult patients. The patients represented challenging personalities identified in a resident focus group. Resident performance was scored by the standardized patient, resident observers, and faculty instructor. Following debriefing with feedback, the residents repeated the clinical encounter incorporating the feedback. The sessions were scored again by the same individuals. Results All scores improved from the first to second clinical encounter, except those that were at 100% for both encounters. The most improvement seen was in standardized patient scores. The smallest improvement was in provider self-scores. Conclusion Resident performance improved according to all observers and their own self-assessments. These results are consistent with other studies that have demonstrated the effectiveness of deliberate practice in improving skills in other areas of medical education. Simulation-based learning with deliberate practice has the potential to improve resident management of difficult patient encounters.
Fake Ads: The Influence of Counterfeit Native Ads on Brands and Consumers

This research explores fake ads: social media posts created by influencers that are designed look like ads but are unpaid. An experiment finds that consumers’ perceptions of fake and real ads varie...
Chapter 7 – Matrix Calculus

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on matrix calculus of two matrices. It discusses the importance of polynomials and exponentials to calculus and differential equations. In using matrices to solve linear differential equation, one needs to have basic concepts of polynomials and exponentials, and developing techniques for calculating the matrix functions. Polynomials and exponentials of matrices play an equally important role in matrix calculus and matrix differential equations. As a matrix commutes with itself, many of the properties of polynomials, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and factoring but not division, are still valid for polynomials of a matrix. A sequence {Bk} of matrices, Bk = [bijk], is said to converge to a matrix B = [bij] if the elements bijk converge to bij for each i and j. In general, it is very difficult to compute functions of matrices from their definition as infinite series; one exception is the diagonal matrix. The Cayley–Hamilton theorem, however, provides a starting point for the development of an alternate, straightforward method for calculating these functions. A very important function in the matrix calculus is eAt, where A is a square constant matrix, that is, all of its entries are constants, and t is a variable.
Conclusions. Seven Lessons to Build an Education Renaissance After the Pandemic

This chapter draws out seven lessons from the cross-country analysis of the six reforms studied in this chapter. These are:
Postpartum Nipple Symptoms: Risk Factors and Dermatologic Characterization.

Background: Nipple discomfort inhibits breastfeeding goals, particularly between 0 and 8 weeks postpartum (PP), and yet the specific dermatologic entities that contribute to nipple soreness have not been clearly delineated. Moreover, there remains a lack of evidence-based guidelines for nipple symptoms and skin diseases. Methods: A survey was distributed to 6-8-week PP women, 18-50 years of age, with an intent to exclusively or partially breastfeed ("at the breast" or "pump"). The study aimed to characterize nipple skin symptoms (pain and itching) and lesions (eczema, redness, cuts, or wounds) and any association between these nipple problems and past dermatologic history, breastfeeding outcomes, and the ability to meet her breastfeeding goals. Results: Findings paralleled Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) statistics with a 25% decline in breastfeeding rates between birth, 86.3% (189), and 6-8 weeks PP, 64.5% (145). By 6-8 weeks PP, exclusive "formula" and "exclusive feeding at the breast" showed the largest increase (+16.4%) and decrease (-22.9%), respectively. Although no significant difference was found in comparison of nipple problems to feeding methods or skin history, women who reported pumping or PP redness/eczema had higher odds ratios of a change in feeding practice, history of eczema, and sensitive skin. Strong pumping intentions were also associated with the highest risk of unmet breastfeeding goals. Conclusion: Regardless of feeding method, product, or provider use, PP nipple problems predominantly arose between 1 and 3 weeks PP. Clinical Trial Registration number 201901737.
Targeted urine proteomics in lupus nephritis - a meta-analysis.

Proteomic approaches are central in biomarker discovery. While mass-spectrometry-based techniques are widely used, novel targeted proteomic platforms have enabled the high-throughput detection of l...
A Theory of the Perverse Verdict

The concept of a perverse verdict is one that pervades the Criminal justice system of nearly all common law jurisdictions. The English Criminal Justice system is no exception and the concept has become institutionalised as if it were a true occurrence. This paper challenges the idea and argues that it is, technically, a legal non-event given the system of trial by jury. The theory is that besides the jury, no one else is invested with the power and authority to declare a verdict and this position is supported both by legal custom and the mechanism of the criminal justice system. In this paper, I investigate the concept of the perverse verdict, the position of the superior courts and theorise on who may legitimately declare a verdict perverse. The paper concludes by alluding to transparency in the system by creating a requirement and an atmosphere of jury accountability in the form of an explained verdict as an antidote to the concept of the perverse verdict.
A Cross-Layer Optimization Framework for Distributed Computing in IoT Networks

In Internet-of-Thing (IoT) networks, enormous low-power IoT devices execute latency-sensitive yet computationintensive machine learning tasks. However, the energy is usually scarce for IoT devices, especially for some without battery and relying on solar power or other renewables forms. In this paper, we introduce a cross-layer optimization framework for distributed computing among low-power IoT devices. Specifically, a programming layer design for distributed IoT networks is presented by addressing the problems of application partition, task scheduling, and communication overhead mitigation. Furthermore, the associated federated learning and local differential privacy schemes are developed in the communication layer to enable distributed machine learning with privacy preservation. In addition, we illustrate a three-dimensional network architecture with various network components to facilitate efficient and reliable information exchange among IoT devices. Moreover, a model quantization design for IoT devices is illustrated to reduce the cost of information exchange. Finally, a parallel and scalable neuromorphic computing system for IoT devices is established to achieve energy-efficient distributed computing platforms in the hardware layer. Based on the introduced cross-layer optimization framework, IoT devices can execute their machine learning tasks in an energy-efficient way while guaranteeing data privacy and reducing communication costs.
Doxycycline-induced cholestatic liver injury

Doxycycline-induced liver injury is a rare phenomenon, with an unclear clinical course and etiopathogenesis. The onset of injury may be acute-to-subacute, with a pattern ranging from hepatocellular or cholestatic to mixed, and it often lasts up to several weeks. We present a case of cholestatic liver injury secondary to doxycycline use in a middle-aged woman. In patients with a history of doxycycline exposure and subsequent hepatic injury, an adverse drug reaction due to doxycycline should remain on the differential, and immediate removal of the offending agent with close monitoring of the clinical condition should be pursued.
Mathematical model of the influence of the deep pain sensitivity threshold in divers and divers on the clinical symptomatics of decompression disease

Purpose of the study: to develop a model for predicting the development of a painless form of decompression sickness from the level of pain sensitivity. Research method:29 divers and divers aged 20 to 42 with decompression sickness and asymptomatic gas formation were examined. Results and discussion. Painless forms are 1.6 times more common than decompression sickness with painful (classical) clinical manifestations. Determining the pain threshold for divers and divers is an important element in the prevention of chronic decompression sickness. When a diver’s or diver’s pain threshold is 10 volts or more, an ultrasound examination should be performed at each dive for the presence of intravascular gas formation. In such divers and divers, any symptoms that occur after decompression should be considered decompression sickness.
ITSUS: Integrated, Tiered, Self-Directed Ultrasound Scanning for Learning Anatomy

Ultrasound is being introduced into many medical schools and incorporated into the anatomy curriculum; however, in most cases, this consists of proctored sessions which can be limited by faculty time and availability. Additionally, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has significantly impacted medical education, especially ultrasound education, which has traditionally depended on hands-on practice and instruction. A structured, independent, hands-on learning curriculum using ultrasound would have many benefits. In this study, eight self-guided system-based modules were developed mirroring the undergraduate anatomy curriculum. For each scan, a beginner, intermediate, and advanced component was designed. Each module contains clear, stepwise directions for image acquisition, optimization, and interpretation of the anatomical structures and suggestions for troubleshooting. Students save ultrasound images as part of their digital portfolios for review with ultrasound faculty. This design provides an educational model to increase medical student opportunities for independent, structured, self-directed anatomy learning with ultrasound that can be integrated with existing educational programs.
Developmental and Hormonal Regulation of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Expression and Action in the Bovine Ovarian Follicle

Ovarian hormones (i.e., estrogen and LH) may promote folliculogenesis by regulating the local production of mesenchymal inducer proteins that mediate theca cell-granulosa cell interactions. Theca cells produce hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) that can stimulate granulosa cell growth. In order to investigate the physiological role of HGF in the ovarian follicle, the developmental and hormonal regulation of HGF was examined during follicular development in the bovine ovary. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was used to examine HGF expression in theca cells and the HGF receptor (HGFR or c-met) in granulosa cells. Both HGF and HGFR were detected throughout follicular development in small ( 10 mm)-sized follicles. Steady-state levels of HGF and HGFR mRNAs were determined using sensitive quantitative RT-PCR assays. Developmental regulation of HGF in theca cells and HGFR in granulosa cells was analyzed in freshly isolated small-, medium-, and large-sized follicles. Observations demonstrate that expression of HGF (in theca cells) and HGFR (in granulosa cells) was highest in large-sized follicles. Hormonal regulation of HGF was analyzed in hormone-treated theca cell cultures. Steady-state levels of HGF mRNA in theca cells were increased by treatment with hCG (an LH agonist), but estradiol had no effect. These results suggest that LH may promote ovarian follicular growth (i.e., granulosa cell proliferation) in part by stimulating the local production of HGF by theca cells. Effects of HGF on granulosa cell differentiated functions were examined. Treatment with HGF reduced basal and FSH-stimulated levels of aromatase activity in bovine and rat granulosa cells. In addition, HGF inhibited the ability of hCG to stimulate progesterone production by granulosa cells. The inhibition of granulosa cell steroid production by HGF is proposed to be the indirect effect of promoting cellular proliferation. Therefore, HGF directly stimulates granulosa cell proliferation and indirectly inhibits granulosa cell differentiated functions. The developmental and hormonal regulation of HGF and HGFR during folliculogenesis provides evidence that HGF may be important for hormone-induced granulosa cell proliferation. As a result, HGF may be essential for establishing the granulosa cell population and microenvironment required for oocyte maturation in the female.
Digital correlation technique for the estimation and correction of DAC errors in multibit mash /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ ADCs

A fully digital algorithm is described for acquiring and correcting the errors of the feedback DAC used in a multibit /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ MASH ADC. The method operates in the background and is highly accurate. It is particularly useful for wideband ADCs, where mismatch error shaping becomes ineffective. Combined with an improved digital adaptive compensation technique, which greatly reduces the raw quantization leakage in MASH architecture, it makes the design of fast and accurate ADCs using inaccurate components possible.
A Discrete-Continuous Choice Model of Climate Change Impacts on Energy

This paper estimates a multinomial discrete-continuous fuel choice model of both households and firms in order to determine the sensitivity of national energy demand to climate change. We find that consumers switch from natural gas, oil, and other fuels to electricity as climate warms and that overall energy demand - especially electricity demand - increases. The model implies that warming will increase American energy expenditures, resulting in welfare damages that increase as temperatures rise. Increases in electricity expenditures for cooling are partially offset by reductions in expenditures on other fuels for heating. Given a five degree Celsius increase in temperature by 2100, we predict an annual welfare loss of $40 billion, borne primarily by residential customers.
Short Introduction to Strategic Human Resource Management

This Short Introduction to Strategic Human Resource Management provides a concise treatment of the key elements of strategic HRM using an innovative risk-management approach. It emphasizes the importance of the decisions, processes and choices organizations make about managing people and shows how workforce management directly affects strategic organizational outcomes. It provides guidance for managers on how to make better human capital decisions in order to achieve strategic success more effectively. Reflecting an increasing uncertainty in global business, Cascio and Boudreau consider ways of dealing with risk in managing human capital. Numerous examples in every chapter illustrate key points with real business cases from around the world.
Solar Prediction of Climatic Change

In their broad synoptic features the basic hemispheric patterns of climate, on which the patterns of climatic change depend, fall into two distinctive categories, the zonal and meridional. Distinctive synoptic features of the primary zonal patterns are first described. Then statistically significant relationships are examined between the temporal changes in these patterns and the long secular cycles of sunspot and related variable solar activity. It is these relationships that lend them selves to the statistical prediction of long-term climatic trends. Possible physical linkage between disturbing solar impulses and atmospheric response is suggested. A significant relationship between zonal climatic patterns and shorter term (22 years) double sunspot cycles is noted. Distinctive syn optic features of the primary meridional patterns of climate and climatic change are then described. They are of short duration and relate significantly only to double sunspot (DSS) and shorter cycles, notably at higher latitud...