cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ethanol and cocaine: Environmental place conditioning, stereotypy, and synergism in planarians

Abstract More than 90% of individuals who use cocaine also report concurrent ethanol use, but only a few studies, all conducted with vertebrates, have investigated pharmacodynamic interactions between ethanol and cocaine. Planaria , a type of flatworm often considered to have the simplest ‘brain,' is an invertebrate species especially amenable to the quantification of drug-induced behavioral responses and identification of conserved responses. Here, we investigated stereotypical and environmental place conditioning (EPC) effects of ethanol administered alone and in combination with cocaine. Planarians displayed concentration-related increases in C-shaped movements following exposure to ethanol (0.01–1%) (maximal effect: 9.9 ± 1.1 C-shapes/5 min at 0.5%) or cocaine (0.1–5 mM) (maximal effect: 42.8 ± 4.1 C-shapes/5 min at 5 mM). For combined administration, cocaine (0.1–5 mM) was tested with submaximal ethanol concentrations (0.01, 0.1%); the observed effect for the combination was enhanced compared to its predicted effect, indicating synergism for the interaction. The synergy with ethanol was specific for cocaine, as related experiments revealed that combinations of ethanol and nicotine did not result in synergy. For EPC experiments, ethanol (0.0001–1%) concentration-dependently increased EPC, with significant environmental shifts detected at 0.01 and 1%. Cocaine (0.001–1 μM) produced an inverted U-shaped concentration–effect curve, with a significant environmental shift observed at 0.01 μM. For combined exposure, variable cocaine concentrations (0.001–1 μM) were administered with a statistically ineffective concentration of ethanol (0.0001%). For each concentration of cocaine, the environmental shift was enhanced by ethanol, with significance detected at 1 μM. Cocaethylene, a metabolite of cocaine and ethanol, also produced C-shapes and EPC. Lidocaine (0.001–10 μM), an anesthetic and analog of cocaine, did not produce EPC or C-shaped movements. Evidence from planarians that ethanol produces place-conditioning effects and motor dysfunction, and interacts synergistically with cocaine, suggests that aspects of ethanol neuropharmacology are conserved across species.
John L. LaBrecque Receives 2013 Edward A. Flinn III Award: Citation

Ted Flinn and John LaBrecque followed remarkably, perhaps eerily, similar career paths. Ted started as a seismologist, John as a tectonician and sea-going geophysicist. Both decided to rededicate their efforts toward supporting the geophysical community, recognizing that it depends ever more critically on global, space-based measurements and observations. Ted did that a decade after the 1968 Williamstown conference, and John did it a decade after the 1988 Coolfont conference. Both of these history-making conferences focused on the geophysical uses of space assets to study the planet.
TEN AMINO ACIDS ESSENTIAL FOR PLASMA PROTEIN PRODUCTION EFFECTIVE ORALLY OR INTRAVENOUSLY

When blood plasma proteins are depleted by bleeding with return of the washed red cells (plasmapheresis) it is possible to bring dogs to a steady state of hypoproteinemia and a constant level of plasma protein production if the diet protein intake is controlled and limited. Such dogs are outwardly normal but have a lowered resistance to infection and to certain intoxications. When the protein intake of such dogs is completely replaced by the growth mixture (Rose) of crystalline amino acids, plasma protein production is excellent, weight and nitrogen balance are maintained. This growth mixture consists of ten amino acids, threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, tryptophane, lysine, phenylalanine, methionine, histidine, arginine, and is as effective as most diet proteins in plasma protein production. The above amino acid mixture in aqueous solution may be given by vein with equally good plasma protein production and no apparent clinical disturbance even when given rapidly. Cystine may replace methionine in the above mixture with equally good plasma protein production for 7 to 10 days but at the expense of the body tissues, that is, with weight loss and a negative nitrogen balance. The addition of cystine to the protein-free, otherwise adequate diet may result in the production of considerable new plasma protein during a period as long as 1 week (cystine effect). This reaction may depend upon the amino acid constitution of the preceding diet protein in that it occurred following a liver feeding but did not occur after pancreas feeding. Arginine is required in the diet of the protein depleted dog for fabrication of plasma protein. It is apparently not needed for nitrogen balance for as long as 1 or 2 weeks. The omission of either threonine or valine from the growth mixture is quickly followed by a sharp decline in plasma protein formation and by a negative nitrogen balance. When histidine, arginine, and most of the lysine are omitted from the growth mixture, nitrogen balance and weight may be maintained for as long as 1 week but plasma protein production falls off markedly. The findings indicate that the growth mixture of amino acids should be a valuable addition to transfusion and infusion therapy in disease states associated with deficient nitrogen intake or tissue injury and accelerated nitrogen loss, including shock, burns, and major operative procedures.
Dynamics of virus spread in the presence of fluid flow.

The dynamics of viral infection spread, whether in laboratory cultures or in naturally infected hosts, reflects a coupling of biological and physical processes that remain to be fully elucidated. Biological processes include the kinetics of virus growth in infected cells while physical processes include transport of virus progeny from infected cells, where they are produced, to susceptible cells, where they initiate new infections. Mechanistic models of infection spread have been widely developed for systems where virus growth is coupled with transport of virus particles by diffusion, but they have yet to be developed for systems where viruses move under the influence of fluid flows. Recent experimental observations of flow-enhanced infection spread in laboratory cultures motivate here the development of initial continuum and discrete virus-particle models of infection spread. The magnitude of a dimensionless group, the Damkohler number, shows how parameters that characterize particle adsorption to cells, strain rates that reflect flow profiles, and diffusivities of virus particles combine to influence the spatial pattern of infection spread.
Allopeptide-pulsed dendritic cells and composite tissue allograft survival

Composite tissue allografts (CTAs) contain their own reservoir of vascularized bone marrow, offering novel aspects for the induction of donor-specific tolerance. Additionally, the manipulation of recipient dendritic cells, pulsed with donor allopeptide, has been shown to engender solid organ allograft survival. To exploit these modalities, we have developed a protocol utilizing injection of recipient bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) pulsed with a donor-derived peptide for use in CTA transplantation. Six days prior to orthotopic hind-limb transplantation, Lewis rats received IV injection of donor allopeptide-pulsed, recipient BMDCs, in conjunction with a single dose of anti-lymphocyte serum. Control groups displayed signs of allograft rejection within 5 days postoperatively. Animals within the primary experimental cohort demonstrated prolongation of graft survival to an average of 8 days, and exhibited low numbers of donor T cells. The use of BMDCs in conjunction with transient immunosuppression has potential therapeutic application for induction of donor-antigen-specific tolerance to hind limb allografts. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007.
Variable latency caches for nanoscale processor

Variability is one of the important issues in nanoscale processors. Due to increasing importance of interconnect structures in submicron technologies, the physical location and phenomena such as coupling have an increasing impact on the latency of operations. Therefore, traditional view of rigid access latencies to components wil result in suboptimal architectures. In this paper, we devise a cache architecture with variable access latency. Particularly, we a) develop a non-uniform access level 1 data-cache, b) study the impact of coupling and physical location on level 1 data cache access latencies, and c) develop and study an architecture where the variable latency cache can be accessed while the rest of the pipeline remains synchronous. To find the access latency with different input address transitions and environmental conditions, we first build a SPICE model at a 45nm technology for a cache similar to that of the level 1 data cache of the Intel Prescott architecture. Motivated by the large difference between the worst and best case latencies and the shape of the distribution curve, we change the cache architecture to allow variable latency accesses. Since the latency of the cache is not known at the time of instruction scheduling, we also modify the functional units with the addition of special queues that will temporarily store the dependent instructions and allow the data to be forwarded from the cache to the functional units correctly. Simulations based on SPEC2000 benchmarks show that our variable access latency cache structure can reduce the execution time by as much as 19.4% and 10.7% on average compared to a conventional cache architecture.
Design and synthesis of novel derivatives of all-trans retinoic acid demonstrate the combined importance of acid moiety and conjugated double bonds in its binding to PML–RAR-α oncogene in acute promyelocytic leukemia

The binding of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) to retinoid receptor-alpha (RAR-alpha) relieves transcriptional repression induced by the promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor (PML-RAR) oncoprotein. The ATRA molecule contains a cyclohexenyl ring, a polyene chain containing conjugated double alkene bonds, and a terminal carboxyl group. To determine the contributions of these structural components of ATRA to its clinical efficacy, we synthesized three novel retinoids. These consisted of either a modified conjugated alkene backbone with an intact acid moiety (13a) or a modified conjugated alkene backbone and conversion of the acid group to either an ester (13b) or an aromatic amide (13c). Reporter assays demonstrated that compound 13a successfully relieved transcriptional repression by RAR-alpha, while 13b and 13c could not, demonstrating the critical role of the acid moiety in this binding. However, only ATRA was able to significantly inhibit the proliferation of APL cells while 13a, 13b, or 13c was not. Furthermore, only 13a led to partial non-significant differentiation of NB4 cells, demonstrating the importance of C9-C10 double bonds in differentiation induced CD11 expression. Our results demonstrate that both the acid moiety and conjugated double bonds present in the ATRA molecule are important for its biological activity in APL and have important implications for the design of future novel retinoids.
On the Dissemination Latency of Cognitive Radio Networks under General Node Mobility

Dissemination latency is critical to the applications of {\em cognitive radio networks}, which have become an important component of current communication infrastructure. This paper investigates the distribution of dissemination latency in a cognitive radio network where licensed users (primary users) are static and cognitive radio users (secondary users) are moving under general mobility, which provides fundamental understanding of the fastest information delivery that a mobile cognitive radio network is able to accommodate. We show that the dissemination latency depends on the stationary spatial distribution and {\em mobility capability $\alpha$} (characterizing the region that a mobile secondary user can reach) of secondary users. Given any stationary spatial distribution, we find that there exists a critical value on $\alpha$, below which the latency is {\em heavy-tailed} and above which the right tail of the distribution is bounded by some {\em Gamma} random variable. Moreover, we find that although the traffic and spatial density of primary users inversely impact the expected latency, they make no influence on the tail distribution of the latency. The results in this paper are validated through numerical studies and can advance our understanding of CR network performance.
Typing of amyloidosis in renal biopsies: diagnostic pitfalls.

Abstract Context.—Amyloidosis represents a group of diseases with extracellular deposition of congophilic fibrils of similar morphology but differing chemical composition. The types commonly involving the kidney are AL (light chain amyloid) and AA (serum amyloid A). Familial amyloidosis can also affect the kidney, but we have not encountered such a case during the study period. Distinguishing between the AL and AA forms of amyloid is clinically important because of the different treatments and outcomes. The classification of amyloidosis is made by immunostaining with antibodies to κ and λ immunoglobulin light chains and for serum amyloid A protein. Objective.—To draw attention to the nonspecific immunofluorescence staining patterns in renal biopsies with amyloidosis, causing potential diagnostic pitfalls. Design.—Renal biopsies from 15 patients, including 13 cases of AL and 2 cases of AA amyloidosis, were studied. Immunofluorescence staining with routine antibody panel and immunoperoxidase staining for am...
Treatment of Depression in the Medically Ill

Depression and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are the two most prevalent health problems afflicting patients not only in the United States but worldwide (1). The lifetime ­prevalence of major depressive disorder in the general population of the United States has been found to be 16.2% (2). The prevalence of depression in medically ill patients is much higher, ranging 20–50%. Depression is a major ­contributor to work place absenteeism, diminished or lost productivity, and increased use of health services (3). It is also known to increase disability, morbidity, and mortality among the medically ill.
Sexual marathons and methamphetamine use among HIV-positive men who have sex with men.

A sexual marathon is defined as prolonged sexual activity over hours and even days. This exploratory study examined the phenomenon of sexual marathons in a sample of 341 HIV-positive methamphetamine-using men who have sex with men (MSM). Eighty-four percent of the men reported engaging in marathon sex while high on methamphetamine. MSM who engaged in sexual marathons and those who did not were compared in terms of background characteristics, methamphetamine use variables, alcohol and illicit drug use, sexual risk behaviors, and psychosocial factors. Men who engaged in marathon sex used significantly more illicit drugs, were more likely to use sildenafil (Viagra®) and amyl nitrates, and scored higher on a sexual compulsivity scale compared to men who did not engage in marathon sex. In multivariate analyses, use of sildenafil in the past two months was significantly correlated with participation in sexual marathons. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for HIV/STI prevention and intervention.
Genome Sequence of a Novel Species, Propionibacterium humerusii

As part of a larger project to sequence multiple clinical isolates of Propionibacterium acnes, we have produced a draft genome sequence of a novel Propionibacterium species that is closely related to, yet distinct (by sequence) from P. acnes. We have tentatively named this new species Propionibacterium humerusii.
Obesity and COPD: Associated Symptoms, Health-related Quality of Life, and Medication Use

Background: There is little data about the combined effects of COPD and obesity. We compared dyspnea, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), exacerbations, and inhaled medication use among patients who are overweight and obese to those of normal weight with COPD. Methods: We performed secondary data analysis on 364 Veterans with COPD. We categorized subjects by body mass index (BMI). We assessed dyspnea using the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale and HRQoL using the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire. We identified treatment for an exacerbation and inhaled medication use in the past year. We used multiple logistic and linear regression models as appropriate, with adjustment for age, COPD severity, smoking status, and co-morbidities. Results: The majority of our population was male (n = 355, 98%) and either overweight (n = 115, 32%) or obese (n = 138, 38%). Obese and overweight subjects had better lung function (obese: mean FEV1 55.4% ±19.9% predicted, overweight: mean FEV1 50.0% ±20.4% pre...
GPS/INS uses low-cost MEMS IMU

A description of the design, operation, and test results of a miniature, low-cost, integrated GPS/inertial navigation system that uses commercial off-the-shelf micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) accelerometers and gyroscopes. The MEMS inertial measurement unit (EMU) is packaged in a small size and provides the raw EMU data through a serial interface to a processor board where the inertial navigation solution and integrated GPS/inertial Kalman filter is generated. The GPS/inertial software integration is performed using NAVSYS' modular InterNav software product. This allows integration with different low-cost GPS chip sets or receivers and also allows the integrated GPS/inertial navigation solution to be embedded as an application on a customer's host computer. This modular object-oriented architecture facilitates integration of the miniature MEMS GPS/INS navigation system for embedded navigation applications and is designed to handle the large errors characteristic of a low-grade MEMS IMU. Test results are presented showing the performance of the integrated MEMS GPS/inertial navigation system. Data is provided showing the position, velocity, and attitude accuracy when operating with GPS aiding and also for periods where GPS dropouts occur and alternative navigation update sources are used to bound the MEMS inertial navigation error growth.
Configuring Large High-Performance Clusters at Lightspeed: A Case Study

Over a decade ago, the TOP500 list was started as a way to measure supercomputers by their sustained performance on a particular linear algebra benchmark. Once reserved for the exotic machines and extremely well-funded centers and laboratories, commodity clusters now make it possible for smaller groups to deploy and use high performance machines in their own laboratories. This paper describes a weekend activity where two existing 128-node commodity clusters were fused into a single 256-node cluster for the specific purpose of running the benchmark used to rank the machines in the TOP500 supercomputer list. The resulting metacluster sits on the November 2002 list at position 233. A key differentiator for this cluster is that it was assembled, in terms of its software, from the NPACI Rocks open-source cluster toolkit as downloaded from the public website. The toolkit allows non-cluster experts to deploy and run supercomputer-class machines in a matter of hours instead of weeks or months. With the exception of recompiling the University of Tennessee's Automatically Tuned Linear Algebra Subroutines (ATLAS) library with a recommended version of the GNU C compiler, this metacluster ran a "stock" Rocks distribution. Successful first-time deployment of the fused cluster was completed in a scant 6 h. Partitioning of the metacluster and restoration of the two 128-node clusters to their original configuration was completed in just over 40 min. This paper describes early (pre-weekend) benchmark activities to empirically determine reasonably good parameters for the High Performance Linpack (HPL) code on both Ethernet and Myrinet interconnects. It fully describes the physical layout of the machine, the description-based installation methods used in Rocks to re-deploy two independent clusters as a single cluster, and gives the benchmark results that were gathered over the 40-h period allotted for the complete experiment. In addition, we describe some of the on-line monitoring and measurement techniques that were employed during the experiment. Finally, we point out the issues uncovered with a commodity cluster of this size. The techniques presented in this paper truly bring supercomputers into the hands of the masses of computational scientists.
Basic fibroblast growth factor impact on retinoblastoma progression and survival.

Retinoblastoma (RB), a tumor of retinal origin, is a relatively common malignancy in childhood.1,2 Systemic chemotherapy, particularly with the platinum-based agent carboplatin, is integral to the therapeutic management of RB.3–6 Treatment failures in advanced cases have prompted evaluation of the mechanisms of drug resistance in RB. Upregulation of P-glycoprotein, an ATP-dependent plasma membrane pump that removes drugs from cancer cells, has been identified as a major resistance factor in RB.6 – 8 Growth factors are also known to promote tumor drug resistance.9 Fibroblast growth factors, especially basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF/FGF-2), induce angiogenesis and regulate apoptosis.10 They appear to contribute to chemoresistance and more advanced disease grade in several types of tumor in humans.11,12 Murine models also suggest that bFGF influences cancer progression and chemoresistance. In mouse carcinoma models, stable transfection of tumor cells with 24-kDa bFGF increases metastatic disease, whereas tumor cells not expressing this bFGF isoform are more susceptible to apoptosis, decreasing metastases.13,14 Similarly, genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of bFGF decreases metastatic disease and reduces chemoresistance in several mouse cancer models.15–17 Of interest, in vitro studies of the effects of bFGF on tumor cell proliferation and chemotherapy-induced cell death, show that bFGF induces chemoresistance in some tumors (e.g., small cell lung cancer; SCLC),18 while inducing chemosensitization in others (e.g., primitive neuroectodermal tumors and Ewing’s sarcoma).19,20 These differences depend on the cell type, bFGF isoform, and delivery method of bFGF used. There are five bFGF isoforms, each with a different function. The isoforms, generated by alternative initiation of transcription, include an 18-kDa low-molecular-weight (LMW) form that may be secreted, as well as high-molecular-weight (HMW) isoforms at 22, 22.5, 24, and 34 kDa.21–23 In particular, the nuclear localization of these HMW isoforms has been associated with increased tumorigenicity and metastatic potential.14 The differential expression of these isoforms influence bFGF tumor-specific effects.22 Since bFGF has been proposed to be a survival and neurotrophic factor for neural precursor cells,24 we hypothesized that it could play a role in the progression and chemoresistance of RB tumors. bFGF and FGF receptor expression have been reported in RB25–27; however, the role of bFGF in tumorigenesis, tumor growth, and chemoresistance has not been explored. The purpose of this study was threefold: (1) to evaluate bFGF expression and localization in human RB and transgenic murine RB, particularly during tumorigenesis; (2) to determine whether exogenous bFGF promotes tumor proliferation and inhibits apoptosis; and (3) to determine whether there are differences in bFGF isoform expression between aggressive and indolent RB cell lines.
Classification-enhanced ranking

Many have speculated that classifying web pages can improve a search engine's ranking of results. Intuitively results should be more relevant when they match the class of a query. We present a simple framework for classification-enhanced ranking that uses clicks in combination with the classification of web pages to derive a class distribution for the query. We then go on to define a variety of features that capture the match between the class distributions of a web page and a query, the ambiguity of a query, and the coverage of a retrieved result relative to a query's set of classes. Experimental results demonstrate that a ranker learned with these features significantly improves ranking over a competitive baseline. Furthermore, our methodology is agnostic with respect to the classification space and can be used to derive query classes for a variety of different taxonomies.
A longer duration of estrogen deficiency increases fibrosis risk among postmenopausal women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

UNLABELLED Postmenopausal women with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are at an increased risk of hepatic fibrosis compared with premenopausal women. Whether duration of estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal state dictates an individual's fibrosis risk remains uninvestigated. We assessed the associations of age at menopause and time from menopause with fibrosis severity in postmenopausal women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Data from 488 postmenopausal women with (1) histologic diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and (2) self-reported information on age at menopause were analyzed. The associations of premature menopause (age at menopause of <40 years) and time from menopause (age at study enrollment - age at menopause, years) with fibrosis severity (stage 0-4) were assessed using multiple ordinal logistic regression models with and without adjusting for clinical confounders. Among the participants (age at menopause 43.7 ± 8.6 years), women with premature menopause (29.3%) were younger at enrollment (P < 0.001) and used hormone replacement therapy more often (P < 0.003). After adjusting for age at enrollment, race, waist circumference standardized by body mass index, current smoking, current alcohol use, hypertension, diabetes/impaired fasting glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and hormone replacement therapy, premature menopause was associated with an increased likelihood of having more severe fibrosis (adjusted cumulative odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.3-2.7, P = 0.001), while time from menopause was directly associated with an increased likelihood of having more severe fibrosis (adjusted cumulative odds ratio for 5-year unit = 1.2, 95% confidence interval 1.1-1.3, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Duration of estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal state confers fibrosis risk among postmenopausal women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (Hepatology 2016;64:85-91).
Direct Oral Anticoagulants

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are rapidly changing the way we think about selecting, treating, and monitoring patients in need of anticoagulation. These agents may be used for either treatment or prophylaxis of systemic embolism and have been compared to vitamin K antagonist (e.g., warfarin) for many of the same indications. DOACs bring several advantages over traditional therapies but also reveal a new set of challenges. Pharmacists should be experts in the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of these medications and have the ability to increase the safe use of DOACs through several avenues. This chapter outlines the role of the pharmacist in the management of DOAC medications.
Activity of Desert Mule Deer during the Breeding Season

Motion-sensitive radiocollars and an automated telemetry system were used to quantify relative activity levels of desert mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus crooki ) in southwestern Texas during the 1990–1991 breeding season. Activity data were divided into prerut, peak rut, and postrut periods and analyzed for gender and period effects. Gender did not affect relative activity level, and activity increased from prerut to peak rut to postrut. Of four possible explanations for the increased activity from prerut to postrut (day length, mate searching, increased feeding, and shifted breeding season), mate searching was supported best by the results.
Choice of immediate versus delayed reinforcement and depression.

Rehm (1977) suggested that depressed persons may prefer immediate reward at the expense of long-term reward. 41 women who had just participated in a psychological experiment were given the option of receiving the pay which they had been promised ($20) immediately or waiting up to 60 days and receiving $30. A point-biserial correlation of −.07 was obtained between subjects' Beck Depression Inventory scores and their choices of immediate versus delayed payment.
Food Allergy and Intolerance: Diagnoses and Nutritional Management

Adverse food reactions (hypersensitivity) can be either immune mediated (food allergy) or nonimmune mediated (intolerance). Nonimmune mediated reactions (intolerance) are classified as enzymatic, pharmacologic, or undefined food intolerance; together they account for the majority of food hypersensitivity reactions. Diagnosis of food allergy is based on medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests; the oral food challenge is considered the “gold standard” for diagnosis. Therapy for food allergy is complete exclusion of the allergen-containing food(s). It is recommended that practitioners consider patient referral to a registered dietitian for education on elimination diets and monitoring for nutritional adequacy. Initiating early intervention in high-risk infants may decrease prevalence.
Negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy of P2N3−: electron affinity and electronic structures of P2N3˙

We report here a negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy (NIPES) and ab initio study of the recently synthesized planar aromatic inorganic ion P2N3−, to investigate the electronic structures of P2N3− and its neutral P2N3˙ radical. The adiabatic detachment energy of P2N3− (electron affinity of P2N3˙) was determined to be 3.765 ± 0.010 eV, indicating high stability for the P2N3− anion. Ab initio electronic structure calculations reveal the existence of five, low-lying, electronic states in the neutral P2N3˙ radical. Calculation of the Franck–Condon factors (FCFs) for each anion-to-neutral electronic transition and comparison of the resulting simulated NIPE spectrum with the vibrational structure in the observed spectrum allows the first four excited states of P2N3˙ to be determined to lie 6.2, 6.7, 11.5, and 22.8 kcal mol−1 above the ground state of the radical, which is found to be a 6π-electron, 2A1, σ state.
Matter-wave Interference in Bose-Einstein Condensates: a dispersive hydrodynamics perspective

a b s t r a c t The interference pattern generated by the merging interaction of two Bose-Einstein condensates reveals the coherent, quantum wave nature of matter. An asymptotic analysis of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation in the small dispersion (semiclassical) limit, experimental results, and three-dimensional numerical simulations show that this interference pattern can be interpreted as a modulated soliton train generated by the interaction of two rarefaction waves propagating through the vacuum. The soliton train is shown to emerge from a linear, trigonometric interference pattern and is found by use of the Whithammodulationtheoryfornonlinearwaves.Thisdispersivehydrodynamicperspectiveoffersanew
Epidemiological Analysis on Pesticide Poisoning in Xihu Disctirct, Hangzhou, 2005-2013

[Objective] To provide scientific evidence for making measures for prevention of pesticide poisoning through the analysis of characteristics of pesticide poisoning cases in Xihu District of Hangzhou.[Methods] The local data of pesticide poisoning from 2005 to 2013 in Xihu District of Hangzhou City were retrieved from the pesticide poisoning reporting records by medical institutions of Hangzhou, and statistically analyzed with SPSS 18.0 software.[Results] A total of 139 pesticide poisoning cases were reported from 2005 to 2013.The incidence was 17.3%(24 cases) for occupational pesticide poisoning without fatality presented, and 82.7%(115 cases) for non-occupational poisoning with a mortality rate of 9.4%(10 cases died).The occupational poisoning cases mainly occurred in the 45- to 55-year-old age group, and the non-occupational poisoning cases mainly occurred in the 35- to 45-year-old age group.The largest proportion of occupational poisoning cases was men(15 cases, 62.5%), while that of the non-occupational poisoning cases was women(70 cases, 60.9%).The pesticide poisoning cases mainly occurred in the third quarter of the year.Organophosphate insecticide ranked the first in terms of occupational and non-occupational poisoning, accounting for 58.3% and 61.9% respectively.The occupational and non-occupational poisonings were mainly reported in rural areas.[Conclusion] The majority of the pesticide poisonings in Xihu District of Hangzhou are non-occupational.The occupational poisonings take place mainly in men.Poisoning by organophosphorus is dominant.Therefore, we must strengthen the education on pesticides and supervision to take effective intervention measures against pesticide poisoning.
Talking Lofty Beauty about Classical Poems and Songs in China

This article interprets three sources of lofty beauty of classical poems and songs in China and points out that the lofty beauty inclines towards the field of society.It mainly comes from the poet's writing of social things and phenomena which are mainly about people and people's life.Also,it comes from the expression of lofty appeal and lofty tragedy.
Issues of Dealing with Fluid Data in Digital Libraries

This panel discusses the issues of dealing with fluid data and curating new data in digital libraries.
In vitro cytotoxicity of VP-16-213 and nitrogen mustard: agonistic on tumor cells but not on normal human bone marrow progenitors

The possible presence of tumor cells in remission bone marrow (BM) is one of the major problems for the success of autologous BM transplantation (ABMT), because the reinfusion of viable malignant cells may result in relapse. In this study we attempted the purging of the malignant cells by the use of VP-16-213 (VP-16) and nitrogen mustard (NM) either alone or in combination. Four cell lines from various hematological malignancies were utilized: SK-DHL-2 was established from a B-cell diffuse histiocytic lymphoma; RAJI was from an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected B-cell lymphoma cell line; K-562 were from a chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) blastic crisis; and HL-60, derived from a human promyelocytic leukemia, were used in exponential growth phase. Four logs of tumor cell-elimination were observed after 1-h incubation of RAJI cells with 25 micrograms/ml of VP-16. K-562 and SK-DHL-2 cells showed a greater than 4 logs reduction after 1-h exposure to 75 micrograms/ml of VP-16, and HL-60 cell line growth was inhibited by 3.2 logs. Under the same conditions (i.e., the treatment with 75 micrograms/ml), we observed a mean recovery of 2.7% of BM granulocyte-macrophage colonies (granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units, CFU-GM), 3.2% of erythroid (erythroid burst-forming units, BFU-E), and 2.5% of pluripotent (granulocyte erythrocyte macrophage megakaryocyte colony-forming units, CFU-GEMM) progenitors, respectively. More than 3 logs reduction of leukemia and lymphoma cell lines were reached following 1-h treatment with 1 micrograms/ml of NM. After exposure to the same concentration of the drug we obtained 2.5% CFU-GM, 1.2% BFU-E, and 2% CFU-GEMM recovery. A drug mixture containing constant doses of VP-16 (10 and 20 micrograms/ml) and NM (1 micrograms/ml) reduced HL-60 and SK-DHL-2 cell growth to undetectable levels (i.e., 4 and 5 logs elimination) in the presence of an excess of irradiated BM cells, whereas it did not further affect the recovery of the BM precursors as compared to the single drugs used alone. These results suggest that the combination of these two drugs at the selected dose level could provide a better therapeutic index (i.e., higher tumor cell killing coupled with no additional cytotoxic effect on normal BM cells) than the same chemotherapeutic agent used alone and that this mixture may be useful for the "ex vivo" treatment of BM grafts.
Genomics of Papaya Sex Chromosomes

Unlike most flowering plants, papaya is trioecious with separate male, female, and hermaphrodite trees. Sex determination in papaya is controlled by a pair of nascent sex chromosomes. Female papaya plants have two X chromosomes, and male and hermaphrodite papayas have an XY chromosome pair. There are two slightly different Y chromosomes: Y controlling male and Yh controlling hermaphrodite sex. Sequencing of the papaya sex chromosomes was recently completed, shedding light on the early events in sex chromosome evolution. The hermaphrodite-specific region of the Y chromosome (HSY) has expanded drastically in comparison to its X counterpart, mostly due to retrotransposons and other repetitive elements. Gene trafficking, loss, and degradation are a prominent feature of the HSY, despite its young evolutionary age. Two large-scale inversions were detected in the HSY, resulting in suppression of recombination and subsequent fixation of sex chromosomes. In this chapter, the genetics and genomics of the papaya sex chromosomes are discussed, as well as the major findings from the recently completed X and HSY sequences.
A Preliminary Analysis of Inferior Vena Cava Filters with and without Anticoagulation vs Anticoagulation Only: Readmission and Mortality Rates.

Abstract Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are an increasingly popular option for patients with thrombosis and the advent of temporary filters may make this procedure an even more desirable alternative. We decided to evaluate how patients with inferior vena cava filters fared when compared to patients without such filters. A new software program, Clinical Looking Glass, replicates hospital records for statistical access with or without identifiers as defined by IRB-approved protocols. A cohort of patients who had a discharge diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and who had had an IVC filter insertion from 10/1/97 until 5/19/04 was defined. Within this group, a subgroup who had a filter and who had anticoagulation (AC) with an INR between 1.5 and 10 within 3650 days after filter were defined (F-AC) and within this group, a further subgroup whose INR values were between 1.5 and 10 within one year of filter insertion were defined. (F-AC 1YR). Those patients with filters but without any elevations in their INR were classified as ‘Filter - No AC'. The comparison groups were patients without filters who were discharged with a diagnosis of DVT and whose INR values were between 1.5 and 10 within the first year (DVT-AC 1YR). All patients were analyzed for their readmission rates for any diagnosis, for readmission for DVT, and for mortality. 749 patients were classified as DVT- AC 1YR, 533 patients as Filter - No AC, 103 patients as F-AC, and 63 patients as F-AC 1YR. Patients with inferior vena cava filters and anticoagulation were readmitted with the diagnosis of DVT significantly more often than patients without inferior vena cava filters (p DVT-AC 1 Yr F-AC 1 YR Filter - No AC Total 749 63 533 Readmissin Rate (n,%) 261 (34.8%) 35 (56%) 124 (23.3%) Days to Readmission 276.8 190 455.3 Mortality at 1 yr 12% 18% Mortality at 5 yr 15% 38% Median Age (yrs) 64 66 75 Readmission for any Dx (n,%) 496 (66.2%) 55 (87.3%) 309 (60.0%) DVT Incidence Density 0.51 0.90 0.21 When 5-year mortality was analyzed for those patients with an IVC filter who were not anticoagulated (Filter -No AC) vs. those who were (F-AC 1YR), there was a very significant difference in favor of anticoagulation but when these were age adjusted (initial median age difference 75yr vs. 66 yrs respectively), no differences were noted. There was no significant gender difference in readmissions for filter patients with or without anticoagulation. For patients with anticoagulation only, a mild gender difference in readmission rate was demonstrated (female: male 41%: 32%, n=785, p
Fusion of LiDAR and radar for vegetation structure and biomass retrieval

The objective of this study is to develop a fusion scheme to fuse LiDAR and radar data to retrieve vegetation structure and biomass using Bayesian inversion. The common Geometric Optical and Radiative Transfer model developed for discontinuous plant canopy are used to simulate LiDAR and radar backscattering. Preliminary inversion results show tha tree density can be retrieved with most accuracy and then to crown size and the least to foliage area volume density. Ongoing work is to apply this fusion scheme to real LiDAR and radar data collected in New England region.
Safety and Efficacy of Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists in Patients with Previously Treated Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Background: The current American Society of Hematology guideline recommends the use of thrombopoietin receptor agonists, eltrombopag or romiplostim as one of the second-line therapies for chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). The efficacy and safety of those drugs have been tested in several clinical trials. However, the safety profile was not consistent throughout trials and is not yet well understood. We herein conducted a meta-analysis of randomized control trials to compare the safety and efficacy of thrombopoietin receptor agonists; eltrombopag and romiplostim versus placebo in patients with previously treated chronic ITP. Our primary outcome was drug-related adverse events greater than CTCAE grade 3. Methods: We performed a literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and the American Society of Hematology website up to September, 2015 by two independent authors according to PRISMA guideline. We included only randomized clinical trials comparing eltrombopag or romiplostim versus placebo. Random-effects model was used to estimate pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: A total of eight trials involving 834 participants were included in the analysis. There was no significant difference of grade 3 or higher adverse events between placebo and treatment group (OR=1.01, 95% CI=0.57-1.78). Thromboembolism (OR=0.59, 95% CI=0.20-1.73), elevated ALT (OR=0.68, 95% CI=0.26-1.74), headache (OR=1.26, 95% CI=0.90-1.78), nausea (OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.43-1.55), or fatigue (OR=1.13, 95% CI=0.65-1.91) did not show a significant difference between groups, either. Clinical response, which is defined as platelets ≥50,000/μL at least once on treatment was significantly better in treatment group than in placebo group (OR=0.10, 95% CI=0.07-0.15). Bleeding symptoms (WHO Grades 1-4) were significantly more frequent in the placebo group (OR=1.60, 95% CI=1.14-2.24) during treatment. Conclusions: Although several studies have suggested clinically significant treatment-related adverse events, such as thromboembolism, this meta-analysis showed that thrombopoietin receptor agonists are safe, well-tolerated, and effective in patients with previously treated chronic ITP. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Long-Term Transplant-Free Survival After Repair of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection

Background Long-term survival, risk of transplantation, and causes of death after repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) remain unknown. By linking the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium with the National Death Index and the United Network for Organ Sharing, we evaluated long-term transplant-free survival in children undergoing repair of TAPVC. Methods We identified 777 infants within the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium who underwent TAPVC repair (median 21 days; interquartile range, 5 to 80) and had sufficient personal identifiers for linkage with the National Death Index and United Network for Organ Sharing. Sixty-six deaths, ten cardiac transplantations, and one bilateral lung transplantation had occurred by the end of 2014. Data collected included age and weight at time of procedure, TAPVC type, associated cardiac lesions, and postoperative length of stay. The study cohort was divided into simple and complex TAPVC based on the presence of an associated cardiac lesion. Parametric survival plots were constructed, and risk factor analyses were performed to identify demographic and clinical characteristics associated with long-term outcomes. Results Mortality or need for transplantation was 9.7% with a median follow-up of 18.4 years and a median age of death or transplant of 0.74 years. The risk of mortality and transplant after TAPVC repair was highest during the first 18 months after hospital discharge. Cardiac causes accounted for the majority of deaths. Multivariate regression models for transplant-free survival demonstrated that complex TAPVC, mixed TAPVC, and postoperative length of stay were associated with increased risk of death/transplant. Conclusions Transplant-free survival after TAPVC repair is excellent, with most deaths or transplant events occurring early. Factors associated with the worst long-term outcomes included complex TAPVC, mixed TAPVC, and prolonged postoperative length of stay.
Teaching Counseling Microskills to Audiology Students: Recommendations from Professional Counseling Educators

To provide the highest quality services, audiologists incorporate counseling into their professional practice. This article, written by professional counselors, highlights the distinction between services provided by professional counselors (i.e., psychotherapy) and counseling microskills used by all health and rehabilitation professionals. Effective application of counseling microskills facilitates a strong therapeutic alliance, which research shows contributes to positive therapeutic outcomes. Counseling microskills should be taught early in graduate programs, because they serve as the foundation for the therapeutic alliance and allow for more effective application of other therapeutic interventions. The four most critical counseling microskills for audiologists are active listening, nonverbal communication, silence, and empathy. These skills should be taught using experiential learning activities (i.e., classroom role-play and use of simulated patients) that incorporate practice, repetition, and feedback. Students should be evaluated on their ability to perform counseling microskills using a detailed grading rubric. Instructors should deliver feedback on these skills with care to reduce potential negative reactions. Ultimately, effectively teaching counseling microskills in graduate programs can improve students' ability to facilitate the therapeutic alliance and facilitate better health outcomes for patients.
A model for the thin film friction factor in near-horizontal stratified-annular transition two-phase low liquid loading flow

Abstract For relatively large diameter pipes and at high gas flow rates, low-liquid loading near-horizontal two-phase flows presents a thin liquid film flowing at the upper part of the pipe wall while a stratified liquid film is observed at the bottom. This paper presents a new model that takes the thin film into account for pressure gradient calculations. The model evaluates the thin film thickness based on the Nusselt falling film theory coupled with a liquid mass balance in the cross sectional area of the pipe. This coupling relates the rate of deposited droplets at the thin film with the atomization and deposition at the bottom liquid film. The thin film thickness is used in an equation that corrects the gas-wall friction factor. The model is evaluated against existing data acquired at larger diameters and higher pressures improving the pressure gradient prediction at higher gas flow rates.