cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A randomized trial of the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand administration: tablet computer versus paper and pencil.

Purpose To compare the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) patient-reported outcome measure as administered by tablet computer to the traditional paper format. Methods In a prospective, randomized study design, 223 consecutive adult patients who presented to the clinic of a single hand surgeon at a tertiary medical center were randomized by visit time to receive the DASH by either paper or tablet computer. Test completeness, time to completion, DASH score, and diagnostic and demographic data were collected and compared between the two cohorts. In total, 120 participants took the DASH using the tablet and 103 using paper. Results 43% of the paper surveys had at least one question that was omitted, compared with 13% in the tablet group; 14% of the paper surveys were not scoreable ( Conclusions The use of digital data entry methods in the arena of health care outcomes research is increasing. Administration of the DASH via a tablet computer resulted in more complete data, slightly increased responder burden, and a lower DASH score. This finding may have important implications for the use of this metric in an electronic format in future research endeavors. Type of study/level of evidence Diagnostic II.
Magnitude of the Mueller-Lyer illusion as a function of lightness contrast, viewing time, and fundus pigmentation

Mueller-Lyer figures of three levels of contrast (1.5 black/, 5 gray/, and 7.5 light gray/, each on 9.5 white/ground) were presented tachistoscopically for 1,500 msec and 500 msec in Illuminant C. Results indicate a significant interaction between contrast level and viewing time. In a second experiment, density of fundus pigmentation was found to be a significant factor in determining illusion magnitude across all contrast levels for a viewing time of 500 msec.
From a latecomer to a global telecom giant: the development pathway of Huawei

This paper examined how Huawei, a Chinese telecom-equipment company, transformed from a local producer to a global titan during the past two decades. This paper first divided Huawei's development into four periods: initial birth and growth, rapid expansion, restructuring, and globalisation and analysed challenges and strategies of Huawei in each period. It further studied its globalisation, that is, how Huawei first succeeded in the marginal markets in Asia, Africa and East Europe, then the mainstream markets in Western Europe. This paper examined how Huawei imported and assimilated advanced management system such as IPD and ISC and reformed its original cultural value system to adapt to the modern management system. Although Huawei initially used the 'intense focus' strategy to build its innovation capability, it has incorporated a variety of R&D strategies including joint ventures with multinational corporations and establishing global R&D system in recent years.
Possible dihydroepiandrosterone-induced mania

Abstract Background: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is among the most abundant steroids in the human body and appears to have diverse biochemical activities. This multifunctional hormone has long been a compound of interest to research psychiatrists. Its recent promotion and availability as an over-the-counter supplement to the general public has led to widespread use. Little is known about potential adverse effects of DHEA when consumed on an acute or chronic basis. We report a case of mania in an older man acutely admitted to our psychiatric facility with no previous personal or family history of bipolar disorder that appeared to be related to recent DHEA use. The patient had initiated DHEA use 6 months prior to admission and was taking 200–300 mg/day at the time of presentation. Methods: He was treated with valproic acid 500 mg twice daily. Results: The patient showed sufficient improvement to be discharged following a 7-day inpatient hospitalization. Conclusions: A wide range of medications have been associated with the induction of hypomania and mania, and we have provided a brief discussion of the potential for DHEA to trigger manic symptoms.
A dramatic behavioral response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone following low-dose neuroleptics

A dramatic improvement in mood and behavior after TRH occurred during treatment with low-dose neuroleptics in a patient with major depression and borderline personality disorder. This response was observed during both open and double-blind trials. The administration of TRH alone or with higher dosages of neuroleptics, was ineffective. Twenty other patients with major depression, including several with borderline personality disorder, were studied in an identical design but did not show similar improvement.
Global ozone data on computer tape

The National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has been obtaining global ozone information from its current series of polar orbiting operational meteorological satellites. The measurements are made by the Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometers (SBUV/2) on the NOAA-9 and NOAA-11 satellites. The SBUV/2 measures incoming solar ultraviolet irradiance and ultraviolet radiance backscattered from the atmosphere; from those measurements it is possible to derive ozone distributions in the sunlit portion of the globe. The ozone measurements include total column amount and vertical distributions over the region 25–55 km above Earth's surface. Ozone observations have been obtained daily from March 1985 with the NOAA-9 instrument. NOAA-11 was launched September 24; operational production of ozone values from NOAA-11 is scheduled to begin in January 1989.
Using Photovoice to Investigate Environment and Health in a Hungarian Romani (GYPSY) Community

Kl´ra: Everyone dumps their trash next to our neighborhood. The town government says that we're dumping it ourselves. That might be true in some cases, but if you really look at these piles, there's packaging for brands that people in our neighborhood don't use.
Enhancing Instruction through Constructivism, Cooperative Learning, and Cloud Computing

Cloud computing technologies, such as Google Docs and Microsoft Office Live, have the potential to enhance instructional methods predicated on constructivism and cooperative learning. Cloud-based application features like file sharing and online publishing are prompting departments of education across the nation to adopt these technologies. However, realizing the full potential of these tools necessitates that future educators develop an understanding of how they can be used. Strategies for integrating cloud-based applications are suggested and results from a case study involving graduate education students are presented.
Diffusion length measurements in bulk and epitaxially grown 3-5 semiconductors using charge collection microscopy

Diffusion lengths and surface recombination velocities were measured in GaAs diodes and InP finished solar cells. The basic techniques used was charge collection microscopy also known as electron beam induced current (EBIC). The normalized currents and distances from the pn junction were read directly from the calibrated curves obtained while using the line scan mode in an SEM. These values were then equated to integral and infinite series expressions resulting from the solution of the diffusion equation with both extended generation and point generation functions. This expands previous work by examining both thin and thick samples. The surface recombination velocity was either treated as an unknown in a system of two equations, or measured directly using low e(-) beam accelerating voltages. These techniques give accurate results by accounting for the effects of surface recombination and the finite size of the generation volume.
Laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy: a technical road map.

Abstract Laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy is a safe, minimally invasive alternative to the customary open approach. During the past two decades, laparoscopic renal surgery has increased the availability of renal allograft specimens for transplantation. Specifically, the laparoscopic approach has minimized postoperative pain and duration of recovery, making it a more attractive option for potential altruistic organ donors. Here we detail the techniques, challenges, and troubleshooting approaches necessary for this technically challenging, yet valuable operation.
Total Synthesis of Palytoxin Carboxylic Acid and Palytoxin Amide

The total synthesis of palytoxin carboxylic acid and palytoxin amide was achieved from the fully protected palytoxin carboxylic acid. The fully protected palytoxin carboxylic acid 1 contains eight different and 42 total protecting groups. All these protecting groups were successfully removed in five synthetic operations, i.e., (1) DDQ treatment, (2) aqueous HClO 4 hydrolysis, (3) aqueous LiOH hydrolysis, (4)(n-Bu) 4 NF treatment, and (5) aqueous AcOH hydrolysis. The completely deprotected palytoxin carboxylic acid was isolated in approximately 35% overall yield and identified with the authentic sample. An efficient method to convert palytoxin carboxylic acid 2 into palytoxin amide 3 was developed
Editorial, Forum and Book Review

Optical Engineering has grown with our Society over the years, and today enjoys an international reputation as a journal of archival quality. The articles and papers which have been published within its covers are referenced more and more frequently in new works, attesting to the stature of Optical Engineering within the community. I am sure most readers are aware of its reference value in the daily practice of our optical engineering profession.
A proteomic analysis of liver mitochondria during acute endotoxemia

Accumulating evidence indicates that mitochondrial function is impaired in vital organs during sepsis. In addition to oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria participate in diverse cellular functions ranging from protein and lipid metabolism to programmed cell death. We analyzed liver mitochondrial protein expression patterns (i.e., proteomics) during acute endotoxemia to discover novel insights into mitochondrial responses to acute systemic inflammation. A normotensive endotoxemia model was employed in which altered mitochondrial morphology occurs under conditions minimizing the potentially confounding effects of tissue hypoxia and acidosis. University medical research laboratory. Random-source, adult, male cats. Hemodynamic resuscitation and maintenance of acid-base balance and tissue oxygen availability were provided to preserve baseline homeostatic conditions. Treatment groups received isotonic saline vehicle (control; n = 5) or endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS, at 3.0 mg/kg intravenously; n = 5]. Liver samples were obtained 4 h posttreatment, and mitochondrial proteins were isolated and quantitatively compared using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Differentially expressed proteins (> 1.5-fold change relative to controls) were identified using mass spectrometry. Among over 500 protein spots that were separated 14 were differentially expressed in mitochondria of LPS-treated animals relative to matching controls. Spectrometric analyses demonstrated increased expression of urea cycle enzymes, heat shock protein (HSP) 60 and manganese superoxide dismutase, whereas expression of HSP70, F1-ATPase and key enzymes regulating lipid metabolism was reduced. Considering the known functions of each of the proteins exhibiting altered expression, it is likely that the observed changes in liver mitochondrial protein expression are reflective of significant changes in mitochondrial function in response to endotoxemia.
Optimizing Solid Sorbents for CO2 Capture

One significant hurdle to the deployment of post-combustion carbon capture and storage (CCS) is the energy consumption of separating high purity carbon dioxide from a flue gas stream. In order to minimize this energy consumption, it is necessary to optimize both the process used to separate the CO2 and the material used in the process. We will present methodology and results for concurrent optimization of both the material and the process for temperature and pressure swing adsorption using solid sorbents. By focusing on the energy penalty we will provide a tool for screening and ranking solid sorbents as well as a means for performing parametric analysis to determine the optimal material properties that would minimize the energy penalty of CCS in an idealized system. These tools are also useful for determining thermodynamically and energetically favourable processes for the materials discovered. We discuss the regimes of favourable operation and necessary advances from both a material and process standpoint to provide goals for process and material developers.
Blessings of Liberty: The United States and the Promotion of Democracy in Cuba

Only a few visitors to Washington's Arlington National Cemetery wander off the main tourist circuit, attracted by the mast of the battleship Maine, to a quiet knoll behind the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, the resting place for z6o sailors killed when the ship exploded in Havana's harbour in 1898. With the towering monument drawing their eyes upward, these visitors rarely pause to look at the individual tombstones, so virtually no one ever sees the handful of nearby markers identifying the graves of soldiers who participated in something called 'The Cuban Pacification' from 1906 to 90o9. And even if an occasional individual should happen to notice these words chiselled into the granite stones, few would be able to explain their meaning that, at least, has been my experience with a quarter-century of university students, not one of whom has ever heard of The Cuban Pacification. It was not anything like a war, of course; it was a takeover. Coming only four years after the United States had granted Cuba its independence and two years after Theodore Roosevelt's Republicans had congratulated themselves in their party platform (' We set Cuba free'), the purpose of the 1906 seizure was never clearly explained. The best President Roosevelt could manage came in two sentences before a Harvard audience: 'I am doing my best to persuade the Cubans that if only they will be good they will be happy. I am seeking the very minimum of interference necessary to make them good.' Now, nearly a century later, we need only substitute 'democratic' for 'good' in order to capture post-Cold War US policy toward Cuba or, as President Clinton explained in his own two sentences about Cuba during the 1999 State of the Union address: 'In this
Steroid-triggered programmed cell death of a motoneuron is autophagic and involves structural changes in mitochondria.

Neuronal death occurs during normal development and disease and can be regulated by steroid hormones. In the hawkmoth, Manduca sexta, individual accessory planta retractor (APR) motoneurons undergo a segment-specific pattern of programmed cell death (PCD) at pupation that is triggered directly and cell autonomously by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). APRs from abdominal segment six [APR(6)s] die by 48 hours after pupal ecdysis (PE; entry into the pupal stage), whereas APR(4)s survive until adulthood. Cell culture experiments showed previously that 20E acts directly on APRs to trigger PCD, with intrinsic segmental identity determining which APRs die. The APR(6) death pathway includes caspase activation and loss of mitochondrial function. We used transmission electron microscopy to investigate the ultrastructure of APR somata before and during PCD. APR(4)s showed normal ultrastructure at all stages examined, as did APR(6)s until approximately stage PE. During APR(6) death, there was massive accumulation of autophagic bodies and vacuoles, mitochondria became ultracondensed and aggregated into compact clusters, and ribosomes aggregated in large blocks. Nuclear ultrastructure remained normal, without chromatin condensation, until the nuclear envelope fragmented late in the death process. Light microscopic immunocytochemistry showed that dying APR(6)s were TUNEL-positive, which is diagnostic of fragmented DNA. These observations indicate that the steroid-induced, caspase-dependent, cell-autonomous PCD of APR(6)s is autophagic, not apoptotic, and support an early role for mitochondrial alterations during PCD. This system permits the study of neuronal death in response to its bona fide developmental signal, the rise in a steroid hormone.
Angular Spectrum Representation for Propagation of Random Electromagnetic Beams in a Turbulent Atmosphere

The combination of an angular spectrum representation (in the space-frequency domain) and the second-order Rytov perturbation theory is applied for description of the second-order statistical properties of arbitrary (coherent and partially coherent) stochastic electromagnetic beamlike fields that propagate in a turbulent atmosphere. In particular, we derive the expressions for the elements of the cross-spectral density matrix of the beam, from which its spectral, coherence, and polarization properties can be found. We illustrate the method by applying it to the propagation of several electromagnetic model beams through the atmosphere.
Sialyltransferase activities of aging diploid fibroblasts

Abstract Sialyltransferase activity and cell-cell adhesion rates of aging WI-38 cells were studied to determine the possible basis for a previously described decrease in membrane bound sialic acid and loss of proliferation of senescent cells. Ectosialyltransferase was demonstrated on the surface of both young and old WI-38 cells. The sialyltransferase assays consist of an enzyme source which is either the surface of intact cells (ectoenzyme) or a Triton X-100 cell homogenate, the nucleotide sialic acid donor (cytidine monophosphate -N- acetylneuraminic acid), and an asialo-acceptor which may be endogenous to the enzyme preparation or may be added exogenously. When sialyltransferase activity is measured in the absence of exogenous acceptors, there is a greater amount of sialic acid transferred by old cells. However, when exogenous acceptors are provided, the amount of transfer is stimulated to a greater extent in young cells equalizing the amount of sialic acid incorporated into young and old cells. This suggests that there are fewer asialoglycoproteins and that acceptor concentration is a limiting factor in assays of young cell sialyltransferase. The end result of this may be the previously described decreased amount of membrane-bound sialic acid of old cells. A change in the adhesiveness of old cells described which may be related to the altered cell surface.
Concatemer chain reaction: A taq DNA polymerase-mediated mechanism for generating long tandemly repetitive DNA sequences☆

The concatemer chain reaction (CCR) uses Taq DNA polymerase to synthesize double- or single-stranded DNA concatemers whose length and yield can be controlled by varying the number of thermal cycling steps. Although the reactions which occur in CCR are slower and more complex than in polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the practical application of the CCR technique is simple. The CCR technique is less expensive, faster, and easier than conventional methods for producing concatemers and gives greatly improved yields. The templates used in CCR may be: (i) double-stranded concatemer templates produced by ligation, (ii) double-stranded concatemers from previous CCRs, or (iii) single-stranded oligonucleotides consisting of one copy of the sense strand repeat and a complementary but overlapping repeat for the antisense strand. Different molar ratios and lengths (masses) of the two strands of the helix may be obtained. We have used both single-stranded and double-stranded concatemers as targets for RNA hybridization. Applications of this concatemer technology are discussed, including the use of concatemers as hybridization probes or targets in applications such as run-on transcription or analysis of repetitive DNA sequences.
Flux of Fatty Acids through NPC1 Lysosomes

Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder characterized by lysosomal accumulation of cholesterol and gangliosides resulting from a defect in intracellular lipid trafficking. The NPC1gene encodes a 1278-amino acid integral membrane protein involved in the sub-cellular trafficking of lipids. The exact biological function of NPC1 remains unclear. Recent evidence suggests that NPC1 is a eukaryotic member of the RND permease family of transport proteins, which when expressed in bacteria is capable of transporting fatty acids. The goal of this project was to assess the role of NPC1 in the transport of fatty acids in primary human fibroblasts using normal fibroblasts and fibroblasts from patients with three lysosomal storage diseases: NPC, mucolipidosis IV, and Sandhoff disease. If NPC1 is a fatty acid transporter, we expect to find fatty acid accumulation only in NPC fibroblasts. We used three experimental approaches to assess the role of NPC1 as a fatty acid transporter. First, we evaluated the accumulation versusmetabolism of low density lipoprotein-derived oleic acid. Second, we assessed the amount of free fatty acid present after growth in lipoprotein-containing media. Third, we assessed the cellular accumulation of acriflavine, a fluorescent substrate for a number of resistance-nodulation-cell division permease transporters. Our results indicate that fatty acid flux through NPC1-deficient lysosomes is normal.
Isolation of a flagellar operon in Azospirillum brasilense and functional analysis of FlbD.

Abstract A 10 kb fragment containing fliF , fliH , fliN , motA , flbD , flhA , flhF and fleN genes was cloned from the genomic DNA of Azospirillum brasilense Yu62. These eight genes appear to be structurally organized as an operon. FlbD, encoded by flbD, has a HTH DNA binding domain and shows homology to σ 54 -dependent transcriptional activators such as NtrC, NifA and DctD. An in-frame deletion of flbD in A. brasilense abolishes biosynthesis of lateral flagella and swarming ability when grown on semi-solid surfaces. An intact copy of flbD on a plasmid complemented the Δ flbD mutant by restoring lateral flagellation and swarming ability. Transcriptional analysis demonstrated that FlbD is involved in the genetic regulation of flagella biosynthesis and acts as both an activator and a repressor of flagellum gene expression in A. brasilense . DNA binding assays indicated direct interaction between FlbD and the promoter regions of laf1 , fliF and flgB genes. We propose that A. brasilense has a genetic regulation profile for flagella biosynthesis similar to that observed in Caulobacter crescentus .
Femoral Neck Exostosis, a Manifestation of Cam/Pincer Combined Femoroacetabular Impingement

We present 2 cases of cam/pincer combined femoroacetabular impingement treated arthroscopically with labral debridement, acetabuloplasty, and femoral head recontouring. In both cases there was essentially no evidence of osteoarthritis of the hip. However, in both cases raised exostoses were evident on the anterolateral femoral neck in the region that commonly comes into contact with the acetabular rim. On the basis of 3-dimensional dynamic reconstructions, we surmise that these exostoses are a direct result of linear contact between the femoral neck and acetabular rim. We recommend that the presence of these exostoses be carefully noted by the arthroscopic hip surgeon and that they be a geographic marker of the zone of contact between the head-neck junction and the acetabular rim and a guide for the area of head osteochondroplasty in combination with appropriate treatment of the acetabular rim.
Psychosocial resources and academic performance in abused children

Abstract Using the stress-social support-functioning model and the social network model of child development, this paper examined the impact of child abuse, maternal perceived social support, competence, and depression, child perceived social support, and sociodemographic characteristics on child academic functioning. The sample consisted of 165 abused children and their mothers and a matched comparison group of 169 nonabused children and their mothers. Mothers and children were interviewed at two points, 1 year apart. At Time 1, lower achievement test scores were significantly predicted by abuse, lower perceived support from mothers, lower maternal education, male gender, and younger age. At Time 2, abuse significantly predicted lower achievement scores on two of the three subtests even after controlling for Time 1 scores. Abused children had lower grades in academic subjects, more days absent, more placements in special education programs, more retention in grade, and more school problems than did nonabused children. These findings held after controlling for maternal education, maternal employment, and child gender.
Related to ABA‐Insensitive3(ABI3)/Viviparous1 and AtABI5 transcription factor coexpression in cotton enhances drought stress adaptation

Drought tolerance is an important trait being pursued by the agbiotech industry. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a stress hormone that mediates a multitude of processes in growth and development, water use efficiency (WUE) and gene expression during seed development and in response to environmental stresses. Arabidopsis B3-domain transcription factor Related to ABA-Insensitive3 (ABI3)/Viviparous1 (namely AtRAV2) and basic leucine zipper (bZIPs) AtABI5 or AtABF3 transactivated ABA-inducible promoter:GUS reporter expression in a maize mesophyll protoplast transient assay and showed synergies in reporter transactivation when coexpressed. Transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) expressing AtRAV1/2 and/or AtABI5 showed resistance to imposed drought stress under field and greenhouse conditions and exhibited improved photosynthesis and WUEs associated with absorption through larger root system and greater leaf area. We observed synergy for root biomass accumulation in the greenhouse, intrinsic WUE in the field and drought tolerance in stacked AtRAV and AtABI5 double-transgenic cotton. We assessed AtABI5 and AtRAV1/2 involvement in drought stress adaptations through reactive oxygen species scavenging and osmotic adjustment by marker gene expression in cotton. Deficit irrigation-grown AtRAV1/2 and AtABI5 transgenics had 'less-stressed' molecular and physiological phenotypes under drought, likely due to improved photoassimilation and root and shoot sink strengths and enhanced expression of endogenous GhRAV and genes for antioxidant and osmolyte biosynthesis. Overexpression of bZIP and RAV TFs could impact sustainable cotton agriculture and potentially other crops under limited irrigation conditions.
Obligation, Supererogation and Self-sacrifice

Can an action cease to be required of a moral agent solely because it comes too costly? Can self-sacrifice or risk of self-sacrifice serve as a limit on our moral obligations? Two recent articles in Philosophy, concerned primarily with the possibility of supererogatory action, suggest very different answers to these questions.
Assessment of locomotor activity, acoustic and tactile startle, and prepulse inhibition of startle in inbred mouse strains and F1 hybrids: Implications of genetic background for single gene and quantitative trait loci analyses

As the use of transgenic and null mutation techniques in the development of animal models of disorders increases, the importance of selecting the appropriate genetic background also increases. The genetic background of the mouse strains used as models for various disorders is critical because of the potential for epistatic effects on the expression of transgenes and null mutations. Twelve strains of inbred mice and seven F1 hybrids were tested in multiple behavioural tasks including open-field locomotor activity, Y-maze activity, auditory and tactile startle and prepulse inhibition of startle response. Differences across genotypes were found for all variables measured. The range of variability among genotypes was dependent on the specific measure so careful consideration must be made in selecting a strain for testing a particular behaviour. Because of the polygenic nature of each of the behavioural phenotypes, the impact of a single gene manipulation may vary depending on the genetic background on which it is expressed. Moreover, quantitative trait loci methods could be applied to these behaviours.
Altruism and Prosocial Behavior

Prosocial behavior covers the broad range of actions intended to benefit one or more people other than oneself—actions such as helping, comforting, sharing, and cooperation. Altruism is motivation to increase another person's welfare; it is contrasted to egoism, the motivation to increase one's own welfare. There is no one-to-one correspondence between prosocial behavior and altruism. Prosocial behavior need not be motivated by altruism; altruistic motivation need not produce prosocial behavior. Over the past 30 years, the practical concern to promote prosocial behavior has led to both a variance-accounted-for empirical approach, which focuses on identifying situational and dispositional determinants of helping, and the application of existing psychological theories. Theories invoked to explain prosocial behavior include social learning, tension reduction, norm, exchange or equity, attribution, esteem-enhancement, and moral reasoning theories. In addition, new theoretical perspectives have been developed by researchers focused on anomalous aspects of why people do—and don't—act prosocially. Their research has raised the possibility of a multiplicity of social motives—altruism, collectivism, and principlism, as well as egoism. It has also raised questions—as yet unanswered—about how these motives might be most effectively orchestrated to increase prosocial behavior. Keywords: altruism; egoism; helping; prosocial behavior; prosocial motivation
An amebiasis complement fixation test in the diagnosis of intestinal amebiasis.

Summary A pilot clinical trial of a new modification of the amebiasis complement fixation test demonstrated a significant correlation with stool examinations. This test is worthy of further clinical evaluation.
Exercise reduces oxidative stress but does not alleviate hyperinsulinemia or renal dopamine D1 receptor dysfunction in obese rats

Impairment of renal dopamine D1 receptor (D1R)-mediated natriuresis is associated with hypertension in humans and animal models, including obese Zucker rats. We have previously reported that treatm...
Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling Publication Patterns: Author and Article Characteristics from 2006 to 2012

This study is a content analysis of the first six volumes of the Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling (JLGBTIC), the first two terms of the journal's founding editor. All (JLGBTIC) articles published between 2006 and 2012 were reviewed and coded for author characteristics, topical content, research design, methodology, and population explored. Findings and a discussion of the results are provided to discuss trends, as well as potential further areas of exploration.
Intellectual Foundations of Current Research in Family Business: An Identification and Review of 25 Influential Articles

This article identifies 25 articles that have been particularly influential in shaping the state of the art of research on family businesses. These works were identified based on a citation analysis of family business articles published over the past 6 years in the four journals that publish most of the research. The authors summarize those influential studies and discuss their most important contributions to scholars’ current understanding of family business. By identifying common themes among those studies, the authors are able to provide directions for future research in the field.
Growth rate, surface morphology, and defect microstructures of β–SiC films chemically vapor deposited on 6H–SiC substrates

Beta–SiC thin films have been epitaxially grown on 6H–SiC {0001} substrates via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The growth rate increased linearly with the source/carrier gas flow rate ratio. The activation energy for the growth of β–SiC grown on the Si face of the 6H–SiC substrate was 12 Kcal/mole. These observations are consistent with a surface reaction-controlled process. The as-grown surface morphology is dependent on the terminal layer of the substrate, the growth temperature, and the source/carrier gas flow rate ratio. The C face of a 6H–SiC {0001} substrate caused a higher growth rate and thus poorer surface morphology than the Si face under the same growth conditions. The optimum temperature range for growth of a flat, mirror-like β–SiC surface was determined to be 1773–1823 K in the present CVD system. The microstructure and nucleation of double positioning boundaries were investigated via transmission and scanning electron microscopies. Triangular defects and their modifications were also observed, and their origins have been discussed.
Method for determining minimum-order mass and stiffness matrices from modal test data

A new method for determining mass and stiffness matrices from modal test data is presented. The method builds on the identified modes and the mass-normalized mode shapes at the sensor locations and is not limited by either the number of driving points or measurement points, and so it is applicable to most general test settings. A mixed coordinate basis is defined for the mass and stiffness matrices which is analogous to the Craig-Bampton component mode synthesis method for finite element models. The resultant mass and stiffness are of minimal order necessary to span the measured modes, and the resulting generalized coordinates provide an objective basis for the test-derived matrices to be used as if they are component mode-synthesized finite element matrices. Inclusion of rigid-body modes and the relationship of the new method to traditional physical parameter computations based on mobility curves is considered. Examples of the method as applied to numerical and experimental data are provided.
The Influence of Depression, and Family and Friendship Relations, on Residents' Loneliness in Congregate Housing

We examined the impact of various social relationships on levels of loneliness reported by 208 elderly residents of 10 senior housing apartments. Because the literature demonstrates a clear relationship between depression and loneliness, this study controlled for depression to provide a more concise look at the condition of loneliness. Those who were less satisfied with the quality of their relationships and had less contact with close friends were more lonely. Whether one had children, grandchildren, siblings, or neighbors had no significant effect on reported loneliness.
Fiscal Reform and the Economic Foundations of Local State Corporatism in China

In the 1980s fiscal reform in China provided localities with strong incentives and a heightened capacity to pursue industrial growth. As a result, local governments have responded vigorously to economic reform, managing rural collective-owned enterprises as diversified corporations, with local officials performing the role of a board of directors. This article analyzes the incentives that have led to the development of this form of local state corporatism and rapid rural industrialization, and it describes the ways in which local governments coordinate economic activity and reallocate revenues from industrial production. These developments are important for two reasons: they show that local government involvement in the economy does not necessarily decline with the expansion of market coordination; and they offer a successful model of reform that serves as a counterpoint to privatization proposals.
A Recombinant Sickle Hemoglobin Triple Mutant with Independent Inhibitory Effects on Polymerization

As part of a comprehensive effort to map the most important regions of sickle hemoglobin that are involved in polymerization, we have determined whether two sites previously shown to be involved, Leu-88(beta) and Lys-95(beta), had additive effects when substituted. The former site is part of the hydrophobic pocket that binds Val-6(beta), the natural mutation of HbS, and the latter site is a prominent part of the hemoglobin exterior. A sickle hemoglobin triple mutant with three amino acid substitutions on the beta-chain, E6V/L88A/K95I, has been expressed in yeast and characterized extensively. Its oxygen binding curve, cooperativity, response to allosteric effectors, and the alkaline Bohr effect showed that it was completely functional. The polymer solubility of the deoxy triple mutant, measured by a new micromethod requiring reduced amounts of hemoglobin, was identical to that of the E6V(beta)/K95I(beta) mutant, i.e. when the K95I(beta) substitution was present on the same tetramer together with the naturally occurring E6V(beta) substitution, the L88A(beta) replacement had no additive effect on polymer inhibition. The results suggest that Lys-95(beta) on the surface of the tetramer and its complementary binding region on the adjoining tetramer are potential targets for the design of an effective antisickling agent.
Prolonged pregnancy in women is associated with attenuated myometrial expression of progesterone receptor co-regulator Krüppel-like Factor 9.

Context: Late-term pregnancy may lead to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Mice null for the progesterone receptor co-regulator Kruppel-like Factor 9 (KLF9) exhibit delayed parturition and increased incidence of neonatal deaths. Objective: Our aim is to evaluate the contribution of myometrial KLF9 to human parturition. Design: Myometrial biopsies were obtained from women with term (>37 to ≤41 wk) and late-term (>41 wk) pregnancies during cesarean delivery and assessed for gene and protein expression. Human myometrial cells transfected with nontargeting or KLF9 small interfering RNAs (siRNA) were treated with the progesterone antagonist RU486 and analyzed for pro-inflammatory chemokine/cytokine gene expression. Setting: The study took place in a University-affiliated tertiary care hospital and University research laboratory. Patients: Term patients (n = 8) were in spontaneous active labor whereas late-term patients (n = 5) were either in or were induced to active labor, prior to elective cesar...
Classically Chaotic Near-Classical Microwave Ionization

The highly excited hydrogen atom in a strong microwave field is the prototype physical many-level system in quantum optics. The possibility of strong coupling of many levels arises from the small level anharmonicity at high atom principal quantum number n associated with the level spacing varying as the classical electron orbit frequency n-3. When one works with the set of stretched atom states defined by the parabolic quantum numbers n, n1, m = n, 0, 0, the off-diagonal electric dipole coupling matrix elements for a given change Δn are proportional to n2, again slowly varying at large n 1.
Benzyl Isothiocyanate: Double Trouble for Breast Cancer Cells

An inverse association between dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables and cancer risk has been established for different types of malignancies, including breast cancer. The anticarcinogenic effect of cruciferous vegetables has been attributed to chemicals with an isothiocyanate (ITC) functional moiety. Research over the past three decades has provided extensive preclinical evidence for the efficacy of various ITCs against cancer in preclinical models. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is one such compound with the ability to inhibit chemically induced cancer, oncogenic-driven tumor formation, and human tumor xenografts in rodent cancer models. Prior work also has established that BITC has the ability to influence carcinogen metabolism and signaling pathways relevant to tumor progression and invasion. In this issue, Kim and colleagues show that BITC inhibits breast cancer stem cell growth, both in vitro and in vivo, in association with suppression of the full-length receptor tyrosine kinase RON as well as its activated truncated form (sfRon), both of which seem to drive stemness in breast cancer cells. Overexpression of RON or sfRon prevented the BITC effect. These data complement prior work from this group showing elimination of mammary tumor cells via tumor cell apoptosis by BITC administration. The inhibition of breast cancer stem cells is observed at pharmacologic concentrations of BITC. This perspective briefly reviews epidemiologic evidence, preclinical efficacy data, and molecular and cellular mechanistic attributes of BITC. Critical issues relevant to clinical development of BITC are discussed briefly.
Appetite-related peptides in childhood and adolescence: role of ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1

During childhood and adolescence, a number of factors, including age, puberty, sex, race, and body composition, may contribute to differences in satiety, food intake, and appetite-related peptides. These peptides include the orexigenic peptide ghrelin and anorexigenic gut peptides peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). For example, lower fasting ghrelin levels, lower postprandial ghrelin suppression, and blunted PYY and GLP-1 responses to food intake could contribute to a dysregulation of appetite in already obese children and adolescents. Whereas, changes in these peptides observed during puberty could facilitate growth. A greater understanding of the major moderating factors of appetite-related peptides in the pediatric population is essential to improve interpretation of study findings and for effective tailoring of strategies targeting appetite control to individuals. While more studies are needed, there is some evidence to suggest that exercise-based lifestyle interventions could be a potential therapeutic strategy to improve appetite-peptide profiles in overweight and obese children and adolescents. The aim of this review is (i) to discuss the potential moderating factors of ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1, including age and puberty, sex, race and body composition; and (ii) to examine the effects of exercise interventions on these appetite-related gut peptides in children and adolescents.
Oculocardiac reflex elicited during debridement of an empty orbit

The oculocardiac reflex (OCR) is a well–described cardiac depressor reflex that may result in significant cardiac rate or rhythm changes, sinus and junctional bradycardia, heart block or asystole. It is also known by the eponym Aschner-Dagnini Reflex, being independently reported in 1908 by both Guiseppe Dagnini and later Bernard Aschner.1,2 The OCR is classically depicted as being precipitated by traction on the extraocular muscles or pressure on the globe. The ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve serves as the afferent pathway and the vagus nerve as the efferent pathway. We report the OCR resulting in episodes of profound bradycardia and brief asystole during manipulation within a previously enucleated empty orbit. CASE REPORT
The preparation and characterization of tri-N-propyl-, tri-isopropyl- and trivinylgallium

Abstract The preparation of three triorganogallium compounds is described in detail. The reaction of divinyl- and diallylmercury with gallium metal has been found to occur readily at room temperature unlike dialkylmercury compounds which require elevated temperatures before reaction occurs. The compounds prepared have been characterized by their infra-red spectra, vapour-pressures, and melting points; and also, by the reactions with acid solution, iodine, trimethylamine, and ammonia. Cryoscopic measurements show trivinylgallium exists as the dimer and a structure is postulated for this molecular species. The two tripropylgallium compounds are shown to be monomeric in the vapour state.
Foreign Aid, Domestic Savings, And Economic Growth In South Asia

The role of foreign aid in promoting growth by complimenting domestic savings has been an issue of considerable controversy. This study examines the role of foreign aid on domestic savings and economic growth in South Asian countries - Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri-Lanka - by using simultaneous equation system in which growth and savings are jointly determined. The results indicate that aid has a positive and significant effect on the growth rates of the five nations studied during 1960 to 2008. However, foreign aid appears to crowd out domestic savings rather than complementing it.
A Strategy for Compression and Analysis of Very Large Remote Sensing Data Sets

NASA launched its first Earth Observing System (EOS) satellite, Terra, into polar orbit on December 18, 1999. Terra carries five instruments for studying Earth’s climate systems over a six year period, and is producing vast quantities of data; more than what the user community is equipped to handle. In geoscience, traditional strategies for coping with this problem are two-fold. The first is to work only with spatio-temporal subsets. The second is to work with low-resolution summaries typically created by partitioning data for a specified time period into 1° latitude by 1° longitude regions, and summarizing each region by its mean and standard deviation. The first strategy fails to take advantage of the global nature of Terra data, and requires researchers to know ahead of time where interesting phenomena exist. The second strategy fails to capture multivariate structure, and may aggregate away important high-resolution features.
Modern Restaurants and Ancient Commensality

Auseinandersetzungen mit Kommensalitat im Rahmen archaologischer Untersuchungen scheinen sich im Wesentlichen um Fragen zu Festen und alltaglichen Essgewohnheiten zu drehen. Die Art der ihnen zur Verfugung stehenden Befunde lasst Archaologen/Archaologinnen und Althistoriker/Althistorikerinnen auf innovative und umsichtige Weise uber diese Themen nachdenken. Wie kann sich nun die Historie mit dem Thema Nahrung und Essen in der Neuzeit in diese Diskussion einbringen? Die Geschichte des Restaurants in den Kulturen des Westens scheint eine Moglichkeit zu sein, in diese Debatte einzusteigen und wirft zudem die Frage auf, welche Daten wir eigentlich haben, um zu erforschen, was Kommensalitat sein konnte. Neuere und Neueste Geschichte; Restaurants; Kommensalitat; Essen auser Haus; Spektakel
Interferon-γ–Dependent Inducible Expression of the Human Interleukin-12 p35 Gene in Monocytes Initiates From a TATA-Containing Promoter Distinct From the CpG-Rich Promoter Active in Epstein-Barr Virus-Transformed Lymphoblastoid Cells

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) production by human monocytes is stringently regulated through the inducibility of both subunits, p35 and p40, and expression of p35 mRNA is the limiting factor for the secretion of the bioactive IL-12 p70 heterodimer. Optimal induction of p35 mRNA requires priming of the monocytes by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), followed by brief exposure to lipopolysaccharide or other bacterial products. To investigate control of p35 gene expression, we isolated genomic clones containing the human p35 gene and determined the 5' end of the mRNA expressed in monocytes. We discovered that a unique p35 transcript is induced in monocytes that begins downstream of a consensus TATA box that lies within the 5' end of the cDNA originally cloned from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B cells. Analysis of p35 mRNA by Northern blotting showed that the message from monocytes is approximately 200 bases shorter than message derived from the EBV-transformed B-cell line VDS. The initiation sites downstream from the TATA box were confirmed by RNase protection and 5' RACE. The data indicate that p35 transcription can initiate from different sites depending on the cell type and that the shorter inducible transcript in monocytes is the one that accumulates after stimulation. Protein translation of these two forms may result in proteins of different sizes with potential implications for the regulation of IL-12 secretion and function.