cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fatigue, dyspnea, and cough comprise a persistent symptom cluster up to five years after diagnosis with lung cancer.

Abstract Context Aggregates of concurrent symptoms, known as symptom clusters (SxCls), have been described in predominantly cross-sectional samples of lung cancer (LC) patients undergoing treatment. Objectives The objective of this study was to delineate SxCls in LC survivors up to five years after diagnosis, investigate their stability over time, and identify determinants of SxCl development and resolution. Methods A sensitivity approach involving multiple exploratory and confirmatory analyses was applied to an eight-year prospective cohort study that annually assessed 2405 patients with LC for symptom burden with the Lung Cancer Symptom Scale and Linear Analogue Self-Assessment. Results A single robust SxCl of fatigue, cough, and dyspnea was identified in 14.6%, 12.9%, 14.1%, 14.6%, and 15.4% of participants at Years 1–5 after diagnosis, respectively. Participants with the SxCl (SxCl (+)) were more likely to die than those without it; but this tendency diminished over time. SxCl persistence varied, with ≥40% of surviving patients annually transitioning to or from the SxCl(+) state until Year 4, after which the SxCl became increasingly stable. The SxCl was more likely to develop among male survivors who underwent surgery, received radiation, and were current smokers. Conclusion A single SxCl comprising dyspnea, fatigue, and cough has a stable prevalence among LC survivors up to five years after diagnosis but is not stable among individuals. Initially, after diagnosis, the SxCl is associated with a greater risk of death; however, after Year 2, the SxCl becomes increasingly stable and provides a marker for parenchymal lung injury.
Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia associated with Klinefelter syndrome: a case report

Klinefelter syndrome is the most commonly diagnosed sex chromosome disorder among males. It is usually associated with 47 chromosomes, including two Xs and one Y. The formal cytogenetic designation for Klinefelter syndrome is 47, XXY; the extra sex chromosome is due to meiotic chromosomal nondisjunction. Increased risk of various malignant diseases has been recognized among patients with different congenital chromosomal abnormalities. Since the early 1960s, numerous reports have appeared of an increased risk of malignant neoplasms among patients with Klinefelter syndrome. Evidence suggests a correlation with increased incidences of germ cell tumors and breast cancers. Whether these patients are at an increased risk of hematologic malignant disease, especially acute leukemia, is still uncertain. This report describes a patient with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia and Klinefelter syndrome, an association not previously reported.
Minimum Wages and the Long-Run Elasticity of Demand for Low-Wage Labor

I. Introduction, 267. — II. The model, 269. — III. The data, 272. — IV. Empirical findings, 274. — V. An alternative approach, 275.
Anisotropic thermal expansion of calcite at high pressures; an in situ X-ray diffraction study in a hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell

Lattice parameters of calcite were measured at simultaneous high pressures and temperatures up to 10 kbar and 500°C. Samples of Solnhofen limestone and distilled, deionized water were loaded in a hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell. In situ energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction was used to determine lattice parameters along five H20 isochores with densities of 1.040, 0.964, 0.760, 0.670, and 0.595 glcm3from 30 to 500°C; these densities correspond to the ice-melting temperature of -7.7 °C and the liquid-vapor homogenization temperatures 92.4,274.5, 318.9, and 344.6 °C, respectively. In addition, data along the P axis were collected by hydrostatic compression at room temperature and along the T axis by heating at atmospheric pressure. Our results show that anisotropic thermal expansion of calcite continues up to 10 kbar, therefore making it a good double internal X-ray standard. Both a and c lattice parameters are fitted to second-order polynomials of pressure, temperature, and a cross term.
Assessing Variation in Civil Society Organizations China's Homeowner Associations in Comparative Perspective

Theories of civil society set high expectations for grassroots associations, claiming that they school citizens in democracy and constrain powerful institutions. But when do real-life organizations actually live up to this billing? Homeowner organizations in the United States and elsewhere have sparked debate among political scientists, criticized by some as nonparticipatory and harmful to the overall polity and defended by others as benign manifestations of local self-governance. With this as a backdrop, China’s emerging homeowner groups are used as a testing ground for exploring variation in three criteria of performance: self-organization, participation, and the exercising of power. Comparisons are drawn cross-nationally, among 23 cases in four Chinese cities and over time within neighborhoods. The article puts forward several factors affecting the properties of grassroots groups, highlighting the role of conflict, the political–legal environment, and collective action problems in shaping the way they engage their members and take political action.
TRAPping telomerase within the intestinal stem cell niche

Adult intestinal stem cells (ISCs) reside at the crypt base, where they continuously proliferate to maintain homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium. As a result of a lifetime of cell division, these LGR5+ ISCs face the combined risk of genomic mutations and telomere attrition. In this issue of EMBOJ , [Schepers et al (2011)][1] examine whether ISCs employ telomerase expression and asymmetric chromosome segregation to protect their genome. [1]: #ref-9
Carbon paraequilibrium in austenitic stainless steel

Carburization of austenitic stainless steels under paraequilibrium conditions—i.e., at (low) temperatures where there is essentially no substitutional diffusion—leads to a family of steels with remarkable properties: enhanced hardness, resulting in improved wear behavior, enhanced fatigue, and corrosion resistance, and with essentially no loss in ductility. These enhanced properties arise from an enormous carbon solubility, which, absent carbide formation, is orders of magnitude greater than the equilibrium solubility. Using interaction parameters from the latest CALPHAD assessment of the Fe-Cr-Ni-carbon system, the authors have calculated the equilibrium and paraequilibrium carbon solubility in a model Fe-18Cr-12 Ni (wt pct) austenitic steel (essentially a model 316L composition), as well as the carbon solubility in this austenite when paraequilibrium carbide formation occurs (i.e., when carbides form in a partitionless manner). For temperatures in the range 725 to 750 K, the calculations predict a paraequilibrium carbon solubility of ∼5.5 at. pct. Carburization of 316L stainless steel at these temperatures, however, results in significantly higher concentrations of carbon in solid solution—up to 12 at. pct. Much better agreement with experimental data is obtained by calculating the paraequilibrium carbon solubility using Wagner interaction parameters, taken from the most comprehensive experimental study of this system. The discrepancy between the two predicted solubilities arises because the CALPHAD Cr-carbon interaction parameters are not sufficiently exothermic at the low temperatures used for paraequilibrium carburization. After multiple paraequilibrium carburization cycles, carbide formation can occur. The carbides that form under these conditions do so in a near-partitionless manner (there is modest Ni rejection to the austenite/carbide interface) and have an unusual stoichiometry: M5C2 (the Hagg or η carbide).
Charge transfer from adsorbates to the bulk in a–Si:H

Abstract The mechanism of charge transfer from adsorbates to the bulk in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) has been studied as a function of ambient pressure and surface oxide thickness by measuring the time dependence of the planar conductance. The initial surface condition of the films was characterized by the effect of adsorbed water on the conductance. In a high-quality vacuum, the surface was found to have a hole accumulation layer caused by a negatively charged oxide layer. Upon exposure to a gaseous ambient, the conductance slowly decreases as charge is transferred into the bulk from the surface. The conductance decrease occurs over a period of several hours in some cases. A model is presented to account for the kinetics of the charge transfer involving a tunnelling of electrons from the adsorbates into localized gap states in the silicon. The initial surface condition was found to have a large effect upon the charge transfer in the case of an oxygen ambient.
Arthroscopic Management of The Stiff Elbow: Osteoarthritis and Arthrofibrosis

Indications for arthroscopic management of elbow stiffness and pain associated with elbow osteoarthritis have steadily increased in the last few years. Although technically demanding, the potential advantages, comprising increased joint visualization, decreased tissue disruption, and faster recovery have yielded growing interest into this technique. The reported complication rates are higher than in other joints and sound knowledge of the local anatomy is required to ensure a safe procedure. The technique and indications for arthroscopic management of osteophytes, soft tissue contracture, and associated ulnar nerve neuropathy as well as postsurgical care, as given by the senior author, have been described in this article.
A test of proposed rules for helix capping: implications for protein design.

α-helices within proteins are often terminated (capped) by distinctive configurations of the polypeptide chain. Two common arrangements are the Schellman motif and the alternative αL motif. Rose and coworkers developed stereochemical rules to identify the locations of such motifs in proteins of unknown structure based only on their amino acid sequences. To check the effectiveness of these rules, they made specific predictions regarding the structural and thermodynamic consequences of certain mutations in T4 lysozyme. We have constructed these mutants and show here that they have neither the structure nor the stability that was predicted. The results show the complexity of the protein-folding problem. Comparison of known protein structures may show that a characteristic sequence of amino acids (a sequence motif) corresponds to a conserved structural motif. In any particular protein, however, changes in other parts of the sequence may result in a different conformation. The structure is determined by sequence as a whole, not by parts considered in isolation.
Update: infant botulism.

INTRODUCTION 119 FORMS OF BOTULISM 119 ETIOLOGIC AGENTS OF INFANT BOTULISM 119 Clostridium botulinum 119 Other Botulinum Toxin-Producing Clostridia 120 CLINICAL ASPECTS 120 Clinical Symptoms 120 Diseases and Conditions Confused with Infant Botulism 120 Management of Hospitalized Patients 120 Hospitalization Costs 120 Link to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 120 LABORATORY CONFIRMATION OF BOTULISM 121 Collection of Specimens 121 Shipment of Specimens to the Laboratory 121 Laboratory Testing of Specimens 121 PATHOGENICITY 121 Nature of the Neurotoxins 121 Pathogenesis 121 Mouse Models 122 INCIDENCE 122 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 122 Habitat of C. botulinum 122 Sources of C. botulinum for Infants 122 RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INFANT BOTULISM 123 CONCLUDING COMMENTS 123 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 124 REFERENCES 124
Considerations for the future development of virtual technology as a rehabilitation tool

Background Virtual environments (VE) are a powerful tool for various forms of rehabilitation. Coupling VE with high-speed networking [Tele-Immersion] that approaches speeds of 100 Gb/sec can greatly expand its influence in rehabilitation. Accordingly, these new networks will permit various peripherals attached to computers on this network to be connected and to act as fast as if connected to a local PC. This innovation may soon allow the development of previously unheard of networked rehabilitation systems. Rapid advances in this technology need to be coupled with an understanding of how human behavior is affected when immersed in the VE.
Virtual colonoscopy performed poorly in detecting colorectal neoplasia.

Source Citation Cotton PB, Durkalski VL, Pineau BC, et al. Computed tomographic colonography (virtual colonoscopy): a multicenter comparison with standard colonoscopy for detection of colorectal ne...
Cytoplasmic clusterin expression is associated with longer survival in patients with resected non small cell lung cancer.

Background: Clusterin is a glycoprotein that has been implicated in many processes, including apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and DNA repair. Previous studies have examined the prognostic value of clusterin expression in various malignancies. In the present study, we examined clusterin staining in tumors resected from patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: Tumor specimens were obtained for 113 patients with completely resected NSCLC from paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays and stained with an antibody specific for clusterin. Staining patterns were observed and graded based on intensity and then correlated with clinical data. Results: Positive cytoplasmic clusterin staining was observed in 44 patients, and weak/negative staining was observed in 62 patients. Patients who had tumors that stained positive for cytoplasmic clusterin had significantly longer survival in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 0.487, 95% confidence interval 0.27-0.89). A correlation was also observed for recurrence-free survival, which approached statistical significance (hazard ratio 0.345, 95% confidence interval 0.12-1.02). In univariate analysis, patients with clusterin-positive tumors had a 63% 3-year survival, whereas patients with clusterin-negative tumors had a 42% 3-year survival ( P = 0.0108); clusterin-positive tumors also had significantly less recurrence ( P = 0.0231). Conclusions: Cytoplasmic clusterin staining is present in a substantial number of NSCLC tumors and may be a biomarker for longer survival in patients with surgically resected NSCLC. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(9):1845–51)
Integrating Principles of Environmental Sustainability into Human Factors Education: A Recommendation

Environmental problems continue to increase and a variety of scholarly disciplines are working to address sustainability through the study of engineering design and human behavior. However, the human factors and ergonomics community of scholars has yet to become a force in research related to environmental issues and solving environmental problems. We argue that the next generation of scientists and engineers in human factors must be educated to understand how they can address current and future problems in environmental sustainability. In this paper we outline the beginnings of a set of topics that can inform the development of such an educational program.
Reward circuitry function in autism spectrum disorders

Social interaction deficits and restricted repetitive behaviors and interests that characterize autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may both reflect aberrant functioning of brain reward circuits. However, no neuroimaging study to date has investigated the integrity of reward circuits using an incentive delay paradigm in individuals with ASDs. In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess blood-oxygen level-dependent activation during reward anticipation and outcomes in 15 participants with an ASD and 16 matched control participants. Brain activation was assessed during anticipation of and in response to monetary incentives and object image incentives previously shown to be visually salient for individuals with ASDs (e.g. trains, electronics). Participants with ASDs showed decreased nucleus accumbens activation during monetary anticipation and outcomes, but not during object anticipation or outcomes. Group 3 reward-type-interaction tests revealed robust interaction effects in bilateral nucleus accumbens during reward anticipation and in ventromedial prefrontal cortex during reward outcomes, indicating differential responses contingent on reward type in these regions. Results suggest that ASDs are characterized by reward-circuitry hypoactivation in response to monetary incentives but not in response to autism-relevant object images. The clinical implications of the double dissociation of reward type and temporal phase in reward circuitry function in ASD are discussed.
A Model for “Splitting” of Running-Wheel Activity in Hamsters

Splitting of locomotor activity rhythm in hamsters occurs when the animals are exposed for several weeks to constant light. The authors propose a mathematical model that explains splitting in terms of a switch in the sign of coupling of two oscillators, from positive to negative, due to long-term exposure to constant light. The model assumes that the two oscillators are not identical and that the negative coupling strengths achieved by each individual animal are variable. With these assumptions, the model provides a unified picture of all different splitting patterns presented by the hamsters, provides an explanation for why the two activity components cross each other during many patterns, and explains why the phase difference achieved by the split components is often near 180 degrees.
Survival Outcomes of Whole-Pelvic Versus Prostate-Only Radiation Therapy for High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients With Use of the National Cancer Data Base

Purpose/Objectives The addition of whole pelvic (WP) compared with prostate-only (PO) radiation therapy (RT) for clinically node-negative prostate cancer remains controversial. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the survival benefit of adding WPRT versus PO-RT for high-risk, node-negative prostate cancer, using the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB). Methods and Materials Patients with high-risk prostate cancer treated from 2004 to 2006, with available data for RT volume, coded as prostate and pelvis (WPRT) or prostate alone (PO-RT) were included. Multivariate analysis (MVA) and propensity-score matched analysis (PSM) were performed. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) based on overall survival (OS) using Gleason score (GS), T stage, and pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was also conducted. Results A total of 14,817 patients were included: 7606 (51.3%) received WPRT, and 7211 (48.7%) received PO-RT. The median follow-up time was 81 months (range, 2-122 months). Under MVA, the addition of WPRT for high-risk patients had no OS benefit compared with PO-RT (HR 1.05; P =.100). On subset analysis, patients receiving dose-escalated RT also did not benefit from WPRT (HR 1.01; P =.908). PSM confirmed no survival benefit with the addition of WPRT for high-risk patients (HR 1.05; P =.141). In addition, RPA was unable to demonstrate a survival benefit of WPRT for any subset. Other prognostic factors for inferior OS under MVA included older age (HR 1.25; P P P P P P =.011). Factors improving OS included the addition of androgen deprivation therapy (HR 0.92; P =.033), combination external beam RT plus brachytherapy boost (HR 0.71; P P =.002). Conclusion In the largest reported analysis of WPRT for patients with high-risk prostate cancer treated in the dose-escalated era, the addition of WPRT demonstrated no survival advantage compared with PO-RT.
Introduction to Ashgate Volume on John Rawls

This is the introduction to the Ashgate volume on Rawls in their history of political thought series. It puts Rawls's life and work in context and then discusses the essays included in the volume, essays of high quality likely to shape scholarship on Rawls for the coming decades.
Optimizatiion of Electrokinetic Pumps for Chip-Based Chromatographic Separations

Numerical methods are used to compute the flow rate, induced pressure, current and efficiency of electrokinetic pumps under the conditions of maximum work. We show that the efficiencies are generally quite low and that optimum conditions for maximum efficiency and maximum work are strongly dependent on the normalized zeta potential.
Opinion polling and the measurement of Americans' attitudes regarding education

AbstractThe meaning, measurement, and implications of ‘public opinion’ have long been a source of debate. In this paper, we examine the extent to which the educational priorities of elites in the US reflect the educational priorities of the American public. To do so, we focus on one particular segment of the education policy-making elite – education poll creators. Through a content analysis of questions asked between 1969 and 2013 in the Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup Poll of the Public’s Attitudes toward the Public Schools, we examine the salience of key educational issues over time. We compare these trends to the proportion of poll respondents who label those issues the ‘biggest problem’ facing schools, thereby approximating two different conceptions of public opinion regarding education. We find that the issues that receive the most coverage by pollsters do not typically match the issues that respondents claim to be the biggest problems in schools. In light of the important role that opinion polls may play in ...
Phase II study of first-line sagopilone combined with prednisone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)

5059 Background: Epothilones comprise a new class of microtubule stabilizing agents, and sagopilone is a novel, fully synthetic epothilone that has shown significant activity against a broad range of tumor models. Methods: Chemotherapy-naive metastatic CRPC patients received sagopilone 16 mg/m2 IV over 3 hours every 21 days and prednisone 5 mg PO BID. The primary efficacy evaluation was based on PSA decline (≥50% PSA reduction confirmed at least 28 days apart). The Simon 2-Stage design required 3 responders among the first 13 evaluable patients and 13 responders among the first 46 evaluable patients to declare the agent of interest for further investigation. Results: Between August 2006 and May 2008, 53 patients were enrolled and treated. Sites of metastases were: bones, lymph nodes, and viscera in 72%, 68%, and 25% patients, respectively. Median PSA was 107.5 (6.2–1727) ng/ml. A median of 5 (2–12) cycles were delivered. The median dose delivered per cycle was 13.3 mg/m2. Two patients did not meet all eli...
A Quantitative Study of the Vascular Beds of the Hand

This study deals with certain quantitative relationships of the human hand—namely, the percentage of the volume constituted by such of its components as dermis (22 per cent), muscle (15 per cent), tendons (10 per cent), bone (37 per cent), and connective tissue (15 per cent) and the amount of the vascular bed located in those components. In three of the 100 hands utilized in this study the weight and indirectly the volume of a plastic cast of the vascular spaces was determined. The vascular space constituted about 11.8 per cent of the volume of the three normal hands. By dissecting the casts of the three hands, it was determined that the vascular bed was distributed as follows: within the connective tissue 47 per cent, within the bones 22 per cent, within the dermis 16 per cent, within the muscles 13 per cent, and within the tendons 2 per cent. The distribution of small, medium-sized, and large vessels within each of the tissues of the hand was determined by teasing the cast apart and weighing separately the fragments with diameters less than 134 micra, with diameters between 134 and 536 micra, and with diameters larger than 536 micra. In such tissues as the dermis, muscles, periosteum, or bone, 75 to 85 per cent of the vascular bed is made up of vessels with a diameter less than 135 micra; whereas in these same tissues vessels with a diameter greater than 536 micra make up 4, 10, 10, and 5 per cent, respectively, of the vascular bed. Tissues with a low metabolic rate are supplied by fewer small vessels and transmit a disproportionate number of large vessels; thus, in tissues such as the dorsal connective tissue, the nerves, and the tendons, the small vessels constitute only 51, 67, and 50 per cent of the vascular bed, whereas the vessels larger than 536 micra make up 38, 5, and 41 per cent, respectively, of the vascular bed.
Molecular pathophysiology of cerebral edema

Advancements in molecular biology have led to a greater understanding of the individual proteins responsible for generating cerebral edema. In large part, the study of cerebral edema is the study of maladaptive ion transport. Following acute CNS injury, cells of the neurovascular unit, particularly brain endothelial cells and astrocytes, undergo a program of pre- and post-transcriptional changes in the activity of ion channels and transporters. These changes can result in maladaptive ion transport and the generation of abnormal osmotic forces that, ultimately, manifest as cerebral edema. This review discusses past models and current knowledge regarding the molecular and cellular pathophysiology of cerebral edema.
Intracanopy Distribution and Seasonal Abundance of the Yellow Pecan Aphids Monellia caryella and Monelliopsis nigropunctata (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Results of analysis of 3 years of survey data from an experimental orchard indicated that the mean number of Monelliopsis nigropunctata (Granovsky) or Monellia caryella (Fitch) per leaf does not significantly differ among quadrants or heights of a pecan canopy. Current action thresholds are based on counts of total number of aphids, and results indicated that current scouting practices give a reliable estimate of relative number of aphids per leaf throughout the canopy. Results of analysis showed that the two species' seasonal abundance patterns correspond closely. Egg hatch of both species occurred at bud break. Mean age class composition of populations over the 3 years was similar. Aphid populations, treated as a two-species complex, exhibited a bimodal seasonal abundance pattern. Dates of peak abundance corresponded closely among years when compared as phenological weeks. Sizes of peaks and percent species composition of peaks differed among years and seasons.
A Method of Calculating LC Parameters of Balancing Compensators for AC Arc Furnaces

A method of calculating LC parameters of a reactive balancing compensator for AC arc furnaces at the supply voltage asymmetry is the subject of this paper. The developed method is illustrated numerically with the calculation of LC parameters of a balancing compensator for an AC arc furnace approximated by a linear model with fixed parameters. The presented method can be regarded as an initial step toward developing balancing compensation for ultra-high-power AC arc furnaces. The method of calculation of LC parameters of balancing compensators is based in this paper on the Currents' Physical Component (CPC) power theory.
Hysteroscopic myometrial biopsy to diagnose adenomyosis and its clinical application.

Abstract With the advent of hysteroscopy, the diagnosis of intrauterine pathology has greatly improved. Endometrial polyps and submucous fibroids are easily visualized; however, normal appearing cavities have been reported in over 50% of patients with menorrhagia. For this reason a myometrial biopsy was originally developed to see what percentage of these patients with a hysteroscopically normal-appearing cavity might have adenomyosis. The myometrial biopsy was taken from the posterior endometrial wall with a 5-mm loop electrode at the time of operative hysteroscopy. The specimen was sent to two pathologists, Dr. Anthony Mathios and Dr. John Abele, to see if adenomyosis could be diagnosed. It was found that with proper orientation, the amount of endometrial penetration into the myometrium could be measured. Therefore, superficial and deep adenomyosis can be diagnosed with a myometrial biopsy. But for a single myometrial biopsy to have any clinical relevance, two questions must be answered. First, does a single myometrial biopsy showing adenomyosis represent the entire endometrial cavity? Second, does the deepest adenomyosis occur in any certain area of the myometrial wall?
CQESTR Simulation of Dryland Agroecosystem Soil Organic Carbon Changes under Climate Change Scenarios

The potential effects of global climate change (CC) on C cycling and soil organic carbon (SOC) storage/loss in agroecosystems can only be assessed by process-based models such as CQESTR. This model was used to simulate the effect of tillage and N fertilization on soil C storage/loss in 3 long-term experiments, where a wheat-fallow rotation under dryland is the predominant practice. Using a 30 yr simulation approach, the effects of biomass increases/decreases, intensifying cropping and two decades of potential CC scenarios on SOC stock under 0 and 135 kg N ha(-1) (0N and 135N) in conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) were examined. These SOC stocks were also compared with those of a pasture (GP). With a 30% increase in biomass, predicted SOC stock in the topsoil of the GP increased by 22% under current climate compared to CC scenario, and the topsoil was more affected by CC than the subsoil. A loss of SOC was predicted at 0-30 and 30-60 cm depths for the CT-0N in all scenarios. The same was true for the CT-135N and NT-0N, except SOC gains of 0.26 and 1.37 Mg ha(-1) were predicted, respectively, in continuous winter wheat under CC scenarios. The NT-135N was the only treatment with SOC gains ranging from 1.35 Mg ha(-1), in wheat-fallow system with 30% biomass reduction, to 8.61 Mg ha(-1) in continuous wheat. The C sink capacities of the NT-135N, NT-0N, CT-135N, and CT-0N were 12.69, 14.54, 13.46 and 18.57 Mg ha(-1), respectively, relative to the GP. Crop intensification under NT is a viable management system which could sequester up to 1.05 Mg CO2 ha(-1) yr(-1) and improve SOC stock while reducing CO2 in the atmosphere.
Simulation of Critical Hydraulic Gradient in No Cohesive Soil with PFC~(3D)

In order to calculate the critical hydraulic gradient of no cohesive soil during water seepage,numerical simulation on seepage experiments was conducted with PFC3 D.The numerical results agree well with the seepage experiments,thus verifying the effectiveness of PFC3 D model.Then,the damage during seepage of no cohesive soils with different particle friction coefficient was numerically simulated.The results showed that critical hydraulic gradient of no cohesive soil during water seepage increases with the raising of particle friction coefficient.The PFC3 D results agree well with the empirical results,and the effectiveness of calculation in seepage critical hydraulic gradient is validated.Compared to empirical formula,PFC3 D can be available for analyzing the seepage under complex engineering and geological conditions.It can provide a scientific reference and basis for seepage calculation under complex conditions.
Application of LAMP assay for detection of Laribacter hongkongensis

Objective:To develop an assay of loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP) for detection and identification of Laribacter hongkongensis in basic clinical laboratory.Methods:The target of Laribacter hongkongensis was chosen from 16S rDNA gene,and then four LAMP primers(two outer and two inner primers) were designed.Meanwhile,the LAMP reaction conditions were optimized.Results:The whole process cost 1.5 h.The results may be observed directly through naked eye.The 26 strains of 11 Laribacter hongkongensis and 15 other kinds of enterbacteria were detected by using this assay.The above results indicated that the assay was specific for Laribacter hongkongensis,and the sensitivity was satisfactory for the identification of doubt strains isolated from samples.Conclusion:The assay described here is rapid,specific,simple.Therefore,it is especially suitable for district(county) laboratory or even smaller testing room of food freshwater fish in China.
That's "Post-Bibliocentric" to You

An important contribution to the scholarship linking literature and technology, Reading Matters offers a sweeping overview of the myriad ways machinery has affected the creation and interpretation of narrative. With topics ranging from how the advent of typewriting divorced the hand from the pen (and so the body from the text) to the appropriation of the conventions of high modernism in the bestselling techno-thriller, this compilation of twelve original essays and a newly translated one examines the authors and the theoretical concerns that have both helped to make prose fiction a marginalized genre and guaranteed its indispensability in our arguably post-chironic cyber age.
Dose-Dependent Effect of Granulocyte Transfusions in Hematological Patients with Febrile Neutropenia

It is still under debate whether granulocyte transfusions (GTs) substantially increase survival in patients with febrile neutropenia. We retrospectively examined data relative to 96 patients with hematological malignancies receiving 491 GTs during 114 infectious episodes (IE). Patients were grouped according to the median doses of granulocytes transfused during the infectious episode (low-dose group: 3.0x108 cells/Kg). The impact of clinical, microbiological and GT-related variables on the infection-related mortality (IRM) was investigated. The IRM was not influenced by the number of GTs or by the total amount of granulocytes received, whereas a dose-related effect of the median dose received for IE was detected at univariate analysis (IRM of 18.4% in the standard-dose group, 44.4% in the low-dose group and 48.4% in the high-dose group, p = 0.040) and confirmed at multivariate analysis (OR 3.7, IC 95% 1.5–8.9; 0.004 for patients not receiving standard doses of GTs). Moreover, patients receiving GTs at doses lower or greater than standard had increased risk for subsequent ICU admission and reduced overall survival. The dose-related effect of GTs was confirmed in bacterial but not in fungal infections. Preliminary findings obtained from a subgroup of patients candidate to GTs revealed that levels of inflammatory response mediators increase in a dose-related manner after GTs, providing a possible explanation for the detrimental effect exerted by high-dose transfusions. GTs can constitute a valuable tool to improve the outcome of infections in neutropenic patients, provided that adequate recipient-tailored doses are supplied. Further investigations of the immunomodulatory effects of GTs are recommended.
The Writing Is on the Wall: Epidemiology and the Anticipated Ends of Social Media

This chapter explores the potential theoretical validity of a recent controversial qualitative study that used epidemiological modeling to suggest that the social media giant Facebook would lose 80% of its users by the year 2017. Reconfiguring this model as the basis of a useful qualitative approach, this chapter considers the historical cycle of adoption and abandonment endemic to message board-based social media sites from the 1980s through current mobile applications such as Yik Yak. What emerges from this approach is a distinct rhetorical pattern that likens the dangers of such social media sites with a virus that infects healthy bodies and communities, much as it functions in outbreak narratives. But like an adaptive virus, social media design has transformed in response, leading to the rise of technology that provide anonymity and ephemerality that makes such mapping much more difficult. As a response, we must consider the affective nature of social media as a way to account for the material and lived effects of its persistent virality.
A Comparison of the Use of Clinical-Guideline–Recommended Antihypertensive Regimens in Mexican American, Non-Hispanic Black, and Non-Hispanic White Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension in the United States: NHANES 2003-2012

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine the use of clinical-guideline–recommended antihypertensive regimens among Mexican Americans (MAs) and non-Hispanic blacks and whites with type 2 di...
The systematic error in the estimation of fetal weight and the underestimation of fetal growth restriction.

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with an increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality and has lifetime implications for the risk of chronic medical conditions. Antenatal diagnosis of FGR remains poor, with the majority of cases remaining undiagnosed. Although several factors contribute to the underdiagnosis of FGR, the error in ultrasound estimation of fetal weight (EFW) generally is not considered in clinical practice. In this commentary, we suggest that the intrinsic, or systematic, error in ultrasound EFW is a significant factor contributing to the underestimation of fetuses predicted to have FGR and should be incorporated into screening and surveillance recommendations. To illustrate this point, we present an analytic model of published data from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies characterizing and quantifying the impact of the systematic error in ultrasound EFW on the underdiagnosis of FGR. Independent of the centile at which the risk of adverse outcome related to FGR begins, whether the 10th, 5th or 3rd percentile, our analysis suggests the need to modify to the current paradigm for identifying and responding to fetuses estimated to be at risk.
Psychology: Atheism and moral intuitions

How robust is the perceived association between immorality and atheism? Studies across 13 countries demonstrate that immoral behaviour is intuitively associated with atheism: people routinely assume that an immoral person is likely to be an atheist, and this effect is consistent across a wide range of societies, though with notable variation.
Benchmarking Automated Hardware Management Technologies for Modern Data Centers and Cloud Environments

Traditional management standards are often insufficient to manage modern data centers at large scale, which motivates the community to propose and develop new management standards. The most popular traditional standard for monitoring and controlling the health and functionality of a system at hardware layer is Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI). Redfish is a new hardware-based management technology designed as the next-generation management standard. The goal of this study is to investigate hardware management technologies and to find out if they are powerful enough to meet demands of modern data centers. Particularly, we focused on Redfish and IPMI, and we benchmarked and compared them from four different aspects: latency, scalability, reliability, and security. Our result shows that there is a trade-off between improving the performance of a system and increasing the security and the reliability of that. Our results show that Redfish is more secure and more reliable, but the performance of IPMI tends to be better.
A longitudinal study of risk perceptions and e-cigarette initiation among college students: Interactions with smoking status

Abstract Background Recent data suggest that lower perceived risks of e-cigarettes are associated with e-cigarette use in young adults; however, the temporality of this relationship is not well-understood. We explore how perceptions of harmfulness and addictiveness of e-cigarettes influence e-cigarette initiation, and specifically whether this association varies by cigarette smoking status, in a longitudinal study of tobacco use on college campuses. Methods Data are from a 5-wave 24-college study in Texas. Only students who reported never using e-cigarettes at wave 1 were included (n = 2565). Multilevel discrete-time hazard models, accounting for school clustering, were used. The dependent variable, ever e-cigarette use, was assessed at each wave. Both time-varying (e-cigarette perceptions of harmfulness and addictiveness, age, use of cigarettes, use of other tobacco products, and use of other substances) and time-invariant demographic covariates were included. Two-way interactions between each e-cigarette perception variable and current conventional cigarette use were tested to determine if the hypothesized relationship differed among smokers and non-smokers. Results 21% of all never e-cigarette users at baseline had initiated e-cigarette ever use by wave 5. Significant two-way interactions qualified the relationship between risk perceptions and e-cigarette initiation. Specifically, perceptions of a lower degree of harmfulness (OR = 1.13, p = .047) and addictiveness (OR = 1.34, p Conclusion Perceiving a lower degree of risk of e-cigarettes contributes to subsequent e-cigarette initiation among non-smokers, but not among current smokers. Findings have implications for prevention campaigns focusing on the potential harm of e-cigarettes for non-smoking college students.
Panic and epilepsy in adults: A systematic review.

Abstract The purpose of the current paper was to review the empirical literature on the cooccurrence of panic and epilepsy, in order to determine whether there is an increased risk of panic attacks and panic disorder among adults with epilepsy and an increased risk of epilepsy among adults with panic disorder. Given the overlap between panic and ictal fear, a preliminary aim of the current review was to critically evaluate the methodology used to differentiate between diagnoses of panic disorder and epilepsy in existing research. A literature search was conducted in relevant electronic databases, and articles that directly focused on panic and epilepsy among adults were selected for the current review (n = 17). Overall, results suggest that rates of epilepsy are elevated among individuals with panic disorder and that panic attacks are elevated among individuals with epilepsy, but rates of panic disorder among people with epilepsy are inconsistent. However, most studies did not use sufficiently rigorous methods to differentiate between panic disorder and epilepsy. Therefore, a critical next step in this area of research is to develop a standard procedure for differentiating ictal fear from panic attacks and panic disorder.
Large datasets lead to overly complex models: an explanation and a solution

This paper explores unexpected results that lie at the intersection of two common themes in the KDD community: large datasets and the goal of building compact models. Experiments with many different datasets and several model construction algorithms (including tree learning algorithms such as c4.5 with three different pruning methods, and rule learning algorithms such as C4.5 RULES and RIPPER) show that increasing the amount of data used to build a model often results in a linear increase in model size, even when that additional complexity results in no significant increase in model accuracy. Despite the promise of better parameter estimation held out by large datasets, as a practical matter, models built with large amounts of data are often needlessly complex and cumbersome. In the case of decision trees, the cause of this pathology is identified as a bias inherent in several common pruning techniques. Pruning errors made low in the tree, where there is insufficient data to make accurate parameter estimates, are propagated and magnified higher in the tree, working against the accurate parameter estimates that are made possible there by abundant data. We propose a general solution to this problem based on a statistical technique known as randomization testing, and empirically evaluate its utility.
IMAGING OF STRESS INJURIES TO BONE: Radiography, Scintigraphy, and MR Imaging

Although conventional radiographs continue to be used as a primary method for the diagnosis of stress fractures, the limitations of radiography in early detection have been increasingly recognized. Advanced imaging techniques, including radionuclide methods, and more recently, MR imaging, have increasingly been employed in the assessment of stress fractures, and have provided valuable insights into the spectrum of stress-related changes to bone. This article reviews the diagnostic methods available to the clinician for detection of stress injuries to bone.
Conceptual Models, Inquiry and the Problem of Deriving Normative Claims from a Naturalistic Base

John Dewey, in chapter ten of The Quest for Certainty, writes: “The problem of restoring integration and cooperation between man’s beliefs about the world in which he lives and his beliefs about the values and purposes that should direct his conduct is the deepest problem of modern life”. In cognitive science the problem plays itself out in the move from a description of what people such as scientists have done and how they reason, to claims about how science ought to be conducted and how scientists ought to reason. In this paper I will, adopting a broadly pragmatist account of cognitive inquiry, examine what sorts of processes go on in reasoning and scientific discovery, within a broadly connectionist framework. On such an account, the normative element of cognitive science results from understanding that inquiry is an activity of embodied, socially situated agents, and that model-based reasoning dynamically reflects this.
Implementation in perfect equilibria

This paper considers implementation when the feasible outcomes are lotteries over a finite set of alternatives. The following weak condition is sufficient for implementation in trembling hand perfect equilibria (with three or more players): if all but one player agree on which alternative is the best, this alternative is (among those that are) chosen by the social choice rule, and if all but one player agree on which alternative is the worst, this alternative is not chosen. Many interesting social choice rules that are not Nash implementable satisfy this condition. On the other hand, there are social choice rules that are implementable in Nash equilibria but not in perfect equilibria.
A new generation of effective core potentials from correlated calculations: 2nd row elements.

Very recently, we have introduced correlation consistent effective core potentials (ccECPs) derived from many-body approaches with the main target being their use in explicitly correlated methods, while still usable in mainstream approaches. The ccECPs are based on reproducing excitation energies for a subset of valence states, namely, achieving near-isospectrality between the original and pseudo Hamiltonians. In addition, binding curves of dimer molecules were used for refinement and overall improvement of transferability over a range of bond lengths. Here we apply similar ideas to the 2nd row elements and study several aspects of the constructions in order to find the high accuracy solutions within the chosen ccECP forms with 3s, 3p valence space (Ne-core). Our new constructions exhibit accurate low-lying atomic excitations and equilibrium molecular bonds (on average within ≈0.03 eV and 3 mA); however, the errors for Al and Si oxide molecules at short bond lengths are notably larger for both ours and existing effective core potentials. Assuming this limitation, our ccECPs show a systematic balance between the criteria of atomic spectra accuracy and transferability for molecular bonds. In order to provide another option with much higher uniform accuracy, we also construct He-core ccECPs for the whole 2nd row with typical discrepancies of ≈0.01 eV or smaller.