cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GLOMERULAR SIALIC ACID IN PROTEIN OVERLOAD PROTEINURIA

Sialic acid on the foot processes of the glomerular epithelial cell may be essential to maintain the gel filtration properties of the glomerular capillary filter. A decrease in glomerular sialic acid has been found in rats with experimental nephrotic syndrome and in children with nephrotic syndrome. Protein overload with heterologous albumin induces a degree of proteinuria similar to that found in aminonucleoside nephrosis but without the generalized epithelial cell foot process fusion found in aminonucleoside nephrosis. If the proteinuria induced by heterologous albumin overload was not associated with a significant decrease in glomerular sialic acid, it could be more safely assumed that the decreased concentration of glomerular sialic acid found in experimental and human nephrosis was a primary cause of proteinuria. Proteinuria greater than the range of control rats (25) was induced in 45 of 54, 100g, male rats by 4, daily intraperitoneal injections of 750 mg of bovine serum albumin. Glomerular sialic acid was determined histochemically by the colloidal iron reaction. The intensity of the glomerular colloidal iron stain in coded slides did not differ between control rats and the experimental, suggesting that proteinuria alone does not cause a decrease in glomerular sialic acid and that the decreases in glomerular sialic acid previously reported are significant in the pathogenesis of proteinuria.
High-resolution infrared spectrum of hydrogen peroxide: The ν6 fundamental band

Abstract The infrared spectrum of the ν6 asymmetric deformation band of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was studied in the region 1100–1350 cm−1 using the two techniques of Fourier transform spectroscopy at 0.02 cm−1 resolution and tunable diode laser spectroscopy at Doppler-limited resolution. Details of the wavelength calibration procedures adopted are discussed. For the first time, accurate values of the molecular parameters of this torsionally doubled, vibrational band were obtained. A total of 708 assigned transitions have been analyzed to yield a set of 14 rovibrational constants for the lower torsion-vibration level (SD = 0.00487 cm−1) and 13 rovibrational constants for the upper torsion-vibration level (SD = 0.00382 cm−1). These hybrid bands are primarily A type with band centers at 1264.5812 ± 0.0009 and 1273.6830 ± 0.0009 cm−1. Because of the absence of observed perturbations, the derived molecular constants can be used to calculate transition frequencies with a high degree of accuracy up to Ka = 6.
GROWTH OF THE EMBRYO OF GINKGO BILOBA UNDER EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS. I. ORIGIN OF THE FIRST ROOT OF THE SEEDLING IN VITRO

THE MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY of the growth in vitro of the embryo into a seedling have not beeni thoroughly investigated. The observations of La Rue (1936) and of La Rue and Avery (1938) that small, immature embryos grown in vitro did not pass through -the successive stages of normal embryology but grew immediately into a seedling appear to be applicable to a wide variety of plants. As La Rue (1936) pointed out, such experiments constitute a beginning in the study of experimental embryology. If one uses an embryo of sufficient size and in which there are no difficulties in achieving growth, it should be possible to introduce a variety of chemical and physical changes into the experimental procedures and thus gain valuable information on their effects. Three regions of the embryo of a vascular plant may be profitably experimented uponi in such culture studies. The cotyledons usually function as haustorial structures before and/or after germination of an embryo. La Rue (1936) showed that cotyledons of in vitro cultured embryos do not develop either qualitatively or quantitatively as they do in seed-grown embryos. The tip of the hypocotyl is the site of origin of the apex of the primary root. The other end of the axis of the embryo is the shoot apex. The latter meristem usually begins the formation of leaf primordia and subjacent stem tissues while the embryo is in the seed and continues these growth processes when the embryo germinates into the seedling. One of the most important subjects in an experimental study of the growth of embryos is the effect of these opposed apical meristems on the development of the seedling axis. Before utilizing in vitro procedures for growing the embryos of Ginkgo after experimental treatment, it was necessary to determine whether the embryo could be grown into an approximately normal seedling. Emphasis was placed upon the origin and structure of the first root produced by the embryo under these experimental conditions. It was necessary to know whether the structure of the root was normal when grown in vitro. The bases for comparison were the -critical studies of Lyon (1904) and of Sprecher (1907). MATERIALS AND METHODS.The partially matured embryos in seeds of Ginkgo have been found to be well suited as material for these experiments.
Analytical and preparative mapping of complex peptide mixtures reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with a pyridine formate-1-propanol solvents system and fluorometric detection has been used to separate complex peptide mixtures. Excellent separation wre obtained with mixtures containing a large number of relatively small peptides such as those generated by trypic cleavage of proteins. RP-HPLC was also suitable for the separation of larger peptides such as those obtained, for example, by treating proteins with cyanogen bromide. The proposed method is rapid and simple, and it gives good peptide recovery. In addition, high detection sensitivity and large sample capacity make this technique suitable at both the analytical (1 nmol) and the preparative (1 μmol) level. The method is generally applicable to such problems as peptide mapping and protein sequencing.
Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Nalidixic Acid

With three independent techniques (absorption spectrophotometry, measurement of the deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] melting temperature, and equilibrium dialysis), no evidence has been found for the binding of nalidixic acid to purified DNA. Also, no evidence has been found to support the hypothesis that nalidixic acid is permanently modified to a new, active compound by the bacterial cell. By using an in vitro DNA replication system developed by Bonhoeffer and colleagues, soluble extracts from nalidixic acid-sensitive cells have been shown to confer nalidixic acid sensitivity on the DNA synthesis of lysates from nalidixic acid-resistant cells. The activity in the extracts is only present in sensitive cells and is nondialyzable and heat sensitive. Finally, two known nalidixic acid-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli, mapping at nal A and nal B, respectively, have been tested to determine whether either of them is a transport mutant. It has been shown that nal B(r) is a transport mutant whereas nal A(r) is not.
Near-highway pollutants in motor vehicle exhaust: A review of epidemiologic evidence of cardiac and pulmonary health risks

There is growing evidence of a distinct set of freshly-emitted air pollutants downwind from major highways, motorways, and freeways that include elevated levels of ultrafine particulates (UFP), black carbon (BC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and carbon monoxide (CO). People living or otherwise spending substantial time within about 200 m of highways are exposed to these pollutants more so than persons living at a greater distance, even compared to living on busy urban streets. Evidence of the health hazards of these pollutants arises from studies that assess proximity to highways, actual exposure to the pollutants, or both. Taken as a whole, the health studies show elevated risk for development of asthma and reduced lung function in children who live near major highways. Studies of particulate matter (PM) that show associations with cardiac and pulmonary mortality also appear to indicate increasing risk as smaller geographic areas are studied, suggesting localized sources that likely include major highways. Although less work has tested the association between lung cancer and highways, the existing studies suggest an association as well. While the evidence is substantial for a link between near-highway exposures and adverse health outcomes, considerable work remains to understand the exact nature and magnitude of the risks.
Chimeric Rat/Human Neurotensin Receptors Localize a Region of the Receptor Sensitive to Binding of a Novel, Species-specific, Picomolar Affinity Peptide

Abstract Recently, we reported the development of a species-specific neurotensin analog that displays selective binding affinity at the rat and human neurotensin (NT) receptor, L-[3,2′-Nal11]NT(8–13) (where Nal is naphthylalanine) (NT19). We have developed another neurotensin analog, L-[3,1′-Nal11]NT(8–13), (NT34), that exhibits a 126-fold difference in binding affinities between the rat and human receptors. This compound differs from our previous reported species-specific ligand in the steric positioning of the naphthyl ring on the L-alanine side chain. For NT34, the observed Kd values at the rat and human neurotensin receptors were 0.046 and 5.8 nM, respectively. In stimulating phosphatidylinositol turnover, the observed EC50 values were 2.8 nM and 130 nM in rat and human, respectively. We constructed a series of chimeric rat/human neurotensin receptor genes and expressed them by transient transfection into human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells. Radioligand binding assays were then performed using neurotensin and NT34. Our results led us to propose a region of the neurotensin receptor that may be involved in determining species specificity, i.e. the transmembrane VI, the third extracellular loop, and transmembrane VII regions of the neurotensin receptor.
Normative Variation of P3a and P3b from a Large Sample

Abstract. The P3a and P3b components were elicited in 120 (60 females, 60 males) young adults using a visual three-stimulus event-related brain potential (ERP) oddball paradigm in which subjects responded to an infrequent target. The major purpose of the paper was to provide a statistically strong characterization of these related P300 subcomponents. P3a components were obtained from the infrequently presented distracter stimulus, which was a large blue square. P3b components were obtained from the target stimulus, which was a blue circle that differed slightly in diameter from the standard stimulus blue circle. Amplitude measures demonstrated that P3a was maximum at Cz, and P3b was maximum at Pz; latency measures increased for both potentials from frontal to parietal recording sites. P3a and P3b from females were larger and later than those from male subjects, with topographic and appreciable individual difference variability observed. P3a was generally unrelated to response time. P3b amplitude was negat...
Abatacept treatment for rheumatoid arthritis

Significant advances in our understanding of RA and its management have been made in the past decade, resulting in earlier intervention with biologic DMARDs, particularly in patients with evidence of aggressive, erosive disease. Here, one such biologic therapy, the T-cell co-stimulation modulator abatacept, is discussed, exploring clinical evidence published to date on its use in patients with very early arthritis/early RA who are MTX naive, and in patients with established RA and an inadequate response to MTX or TNF antagonists. Data from relevant clinical trials are overviewed, discussing the clinical efficacy of abatacept in early disease, the clinical outcomes over long-term treatment in different patient populations and the effects of abatacept on structural damage. Findings from integrated safety analyses of abatacept clinical trial data, representing 10 366 patient-years of exposure are described, and clinically important safety events, including serious infections, malignancies and autoimmune events, are highlighted. It is concluded that abatacept represents an effective treatment option with an established safety profile across different patient populations, including patients with both early and erosive RA and those with established disease. Furthermore, efficacy data from studies in patients with early disease suggest that the risk–benefit profile of abatacept may be more favourable when introduced earlier in the treatment paradigm.
Why and How to Design a Contingent Convertible Debt Requirement

We develop a proposal for a contingent capital (CoCo) requirement. A proper CoCo requirement, alongside common equity, would be more effective as a prudential tool and less costly than a pure common equity requirement. CoCos can create strong incentives for the prompt recapitalization of banks after significant losses of equity but before the bank has run out of options to access the equity market. That dynamic incentive feature of a properly designed CoCo requirement would encourage effective risk governance by banks, provide a more effective solution to the “too-big-to-fail” problem, reduce forbearance risk (supervisory reluctance to recognize losses), and address uncertainty about the appropriate amount of capital banks need to hold, and the changes in that amount over time. If a CoCo requirement had been in place in 2007, the disruptive failures of large financial institutions, and the systemic meltdown after September 2008, could have been avoided. To be maximally effective, (a) a large amount of CoCos (relative to common equity) should be required, (b) CoCo conversion should be based on a market value trigger, defined using a moving average of a “quasi market value of equity ratio” (QMVER), (c) all CoCos should convert if conversion is triggered, and (d) the conversion ratio should be dilutive of preexisting equity holders.
Effect of ligand activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) in human lung cancer cell lines

There is compelling evidence that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) mediates terminal differentiation and is associated with inhibition of cell growth. However, it was recently suggested that growth of two human lung cancer cell lines is enhanced by PPARβ/δ. The goal of the present study was to provide insight in resolving this controversy. Therefore, the effect of ligand activation of PPARβ/δ in A549 and H1838 human lung cancer cell lines was examined using two high affinity PPARβ/δ ligands. Ligand activation of PPARβ/δ caused up-regulation of a known PPARβ/δ target gene, angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4) but did not influence expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) or phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt), and did not affect cell growth. Results from this study demonstrate that two human lung cancer cell lines respond to ligand activation of PPARβ/δ by modulation of target gene expression (Angptl4), but fail to exhibit significant modulation of cell proliferation.
Home Intervention for In Utero Drug-Exposed Infants

Each year in the United States, around 5.5% (or 230,000) infants are born to mothers who used illicit drugs during pregnancy. The untoward effects of in utero drug exposure (IUDE) include significant decreases in birthweight and length and head circumference, prematurity, and developmental problems. Intensive early intervention, including home-based interventions, is recognized as an effective method to improve cognitive development and reduce health problems in these high risk infants and children. Examination of home visit records of 20 IUDE infants during their first year of life revealed frequent health and social problems. Infectious disease symptoms were the most frequent problem encountered in the home during the physical assessment of the infants. Of note was the mothers' lack of basic parenting information (understanding signs of illness, basic nutrition, and infant development) which was then provided by the nurse during each home visit. Of concern was the lack of drug treatment sought by these mothers. Findings support the view that home visiting should be incorporated into the discharge planning of any IUDE infant in order to maintain these infants in the health care system and monitor their safety.
Histamine H3 receptors contribute to drinking elicited by eating in rats

Abstract A role for endogenous histamine and its H3 receptor subtype for mediating drinking elicited by eating was examined in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The IP injection of the H3 agonist R-α-methylhistamine (Ramh, 2.5 mg/kg) shortened the latency to initiate drinking and increased 1-h water intake in nondeprived rats freely eating pellets and drinking water. The ICV injection (through a surgically implanted chronic cannula) of 10 μg Ramh increased water intake; this Ramh-induced drinking was abolished by previous ICV injection of the H3 antagonist thioperamide (Th, 60 μg). For rats drinking and eating after 24-h food deprivation, SC Th inhibited drinking behavior: for example, 10 mg/kg Th SC delayed the latency to initiate drinking and inhibited 1-h water intake without inhibition of food intake. In contrast, 60 μg Th ICV failed to inhibit food-related drinking in rats eating after food deprivation. For nondeprived rats eating a small cracker, 10 mg/kg Th SC delayed the latency to initiate drinking and abolished water intake without effect on eating, and 60 μg Th ICV had similar effects upon drinking elicited by ingestion of cracker. The IG infusion (through a surgically implanted gastric catheter) of 2 ml 600 or 900 mOsm/kg NaCl, a treatment that is subthreshold for increase in systemic plasma osmolality at the initiation of drinking, elicited drinking that was abolished by 10 mg/kg Th SC and attenuated by 60 μg Th ICV. The IG infusion of 2 ml 1800 mOsm/kg NaCl, a treatment that is above threshold for increase in systemic plasma osmolality, elicited drinking that was attenuated by 10 mg/kg SC or 60 μg Th ICV. These results demonstrate that peripheral and central H3 receptors for histamine have a role in drinking elicited by eating and the postprandial gastrointestinal osmotic consequences of eating. These findings extend the evidence demonstrating a histaminergic contribution to food-related drinking in rats.
Sum capacity and TSC bounds in collaborative multibase wireless systems

We consider a wireless system with base stations which collaborate, and derive bounds on sum capacity and total squared correlation for uniform channels between users and bases. The correspondence also investigates structural properties which must be satisfied by user transmit covariance matrices at the optimal sum capacity/total squared correlation (TSC) point, and shows that for multibase systems, maximizing sum capacity and minimizing TSC are, in general, not equivalent problems.
Early warning of ship fires using Bayesian probability estimation model

Economic pressure to reduce the cost of the U.S. Navy ships has brought into the focus the need to significantly reduce the size of a ship's crew. In order for an automated system to replace humans while making critical decisions, it is required that such a system be able to accurately predict future events. This paper presents a wavelet theory based prediction system to predict the occurrences of ship's fires. Furthermore, while the prediction model predicts the future events, the accuracy of prediction has to be quantified by formulating a probability index that would mirror the confidence on the prediction. As such, a Bayesian theory based probability estimation model (BPEM) is developed for estimating the probability that the predicted values are within specified limits of tolerance. Tests with the U.S Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) data, covering various fire scenarios, validate that the proposed methodology consistently provides earlier detection as compared to the published results from the INRL' early warning fire detection system (EWFD) system.
New results on Yen's approach to interpolation from nonuniformly spaced samples

The problem of reconstructing a bandlimited signal from a set of nonuniformly spaced samples is addressed, with particular emphasis on a method due to J.L. Yen (1956). A simple proof for the derivation of Yen's interpolation formula is given. The interpolating process is then modeled as a linear time-varying system and is analyzed in the frequency domain by means of its bifrequency transmission function (BFTF). It is proven that Yen's interpolator can be obtained as a special case of an optimal frequency-domain design of its BFTF using a weighted least-square criterion. A practical interpolator, based on Yen's method, is considered for situations where the number of samples is large or infinite and the original Yen interpolation formula is inapplicable. The performance of this modified Yen interpolator is compared with that of other commonly used interpolation methods in terms of achievable S/N. >
Influence of environmental parameters on intraspecific variation in Fucus vesiculosus

The vesiculation and branching of Fucus vesiculosus L. were examined on plants from three different locations on the Maine Coast, USA. These localities varied in exposure to wave action and salinity. Statistical analysis of population differences was computed for 10 morphometric characteristics. It was found that decreased salinity correlated with increased vesiculation and branching. Increased wave action correlated with decreased vesiculation. Position within vertical range was not a factor in either vesiculation or branching.
Controller design for string stable heterogeneous vehicle strings

The spacing errors of a string stable, homogeneous vehicle string attenuate uniformly down the vehicle chain. This result is useful for implementing vehicle formation control because it provides a guideline for the proper intervehicle spacing. In the heterogeneous case, the differing dynamics of the vehicles means the spacing errors do not attenuate or amplify uniformly down the vehicle chain, regardless of whether the formation is string stable or not. Results from heterogeneous string stability analysis are presented and used to construct a controller design procedure that gives string stability and robustness to external disturbances for heterogeneous vehicle strings. The proper intervehicle spacing needed for nominal safety is determined. The resulting controller is simulated to demonstrate its effectiveness. It is shown that string stability can be achieved for heterogeneous vehicle strings of arbitrary length and arbitrary vehicle type ordering.
Noncovalent Dimer Formation in Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Evidence will be presented that in the article “Novel LC–MS2 Product Dependent Parallel Data Acquisition Function and Data Analysis Workflow for Sequencing and Identification of Intact Glycopeptides” written by Wu, S.-W.; Pu, T.-H.; Viner, R.; Khoo, K.-H. in Anal. Chem. 2014, 86, 5478–5486, noncovalent homo- and heterodimers were mis-identified as glycopeptides bearing well-defined N-linked structures, where the unexplained mass was attributed to excessive O-glycosylation. Noncovalent dimer formation of abundant components has not previously been considered as a complication in high-throughput proteomic analyses.
Capital requirements, loan renegotiation and the borrower's choice of financing source

The main objective of this paper is to theoretically examine the impact of bank capital requirements on a borrower's choice of financing source. Our focus is on the tension between regulatory taxes, such as bank capital requirements (that reduce the value of a bank loan to a borrower), and the bank's incentive to renegotiate debt terms with financially distressed borrowers (that increases the value of a bank loan to a borrower). We show that borrowers that approach banks are necessarily of intermediate quality. This set of borrowers diminishes as bank capital requirements increase. Surprisingly, this happens not only because bank capital requirements increase loan prices and hence reduce the value of the loan to the borrower, but also because they weaken the bank's incentive to restructure troubled loans, thereby causing a dampened loan demand. Additionally, holding quality fixed, growth-oriented borrowers are more likely to prefer the capital market than borrowers expecting high cash flows early when facing a sufficiently high capital requirement. Finally, the effect of capital requirement increases is asymmetric - growth-oriented borrowers are more likely than 'cash cows' to migrate from banks to the capital market when banks confront higher capital requirements.
The Evolutionary Persistence of Genes That Increase Mental Disorders Risk

Natural selection constantly removes those genetic variants (alleles) that even slightly decrease average reproductive success. Yet, given the high heritabilities and prevalence rates of severe mental disorders, human populations seem to be awash in deleterious alleles. Evolutionary genetics offers an illuminating framework for understanding why mental disorder risk alleles have persisted despite natural selection, and this framework can help guide future research in behavioral and psychiatric genetics.
Runtime Compression of MPI Messanes to Improve the Performance and Scalability of Parallel Applications

Communication-intensive parallel applications spend a significant amount of their total execution time exchanging data between processes, which leads to poor performance in many cases. In this paper, we investigate message compression in the context of large-scale parallel message-passing systems to reduce the communication time of individual messages and to improve the bandwidth of the overall system. We implement and evaluate the cMPI message-passing library, which quickly compresses messages on-the-fly with a low enough overhead that a net execution time reduction is obtained. Our results on six large-scale benchmark applications show that their execution speed improves by up to 98% when message compression is enabled.
Id4 expression induces apoptosis in astrocytic cultures and is down-regulated by activation of the cAMP-dependent signal transduction pathway.

The Id family of helix-loop-helix transcription factors has been implicated in the regulation of cellular differentiation in several different lineages. We have explored the potential regulatory role of the cyclic AMP-dependent signaling pathway on Id gene expression in astroglial primary cultures. We found that primary cultures of mouse forebrain astrocytes constitutively expressed the four known members of the Id gene family, Id1, Id2, Id3, and Id4. During culture in presence of serum for 4 weeks, the expression of Id4 was up-regulated. In these same cultures, treatment with dibutyryl-cyclic AMP, a cyclic AMP analogue known to promote astrocyte differentiation, dramatically and selectively decreased Id4 gene expression. This effect was detectable after short-term treatment and was maintained during long-term treatment. Forskolin and pentoxifylline, two other agents known to elevate intracellular cyclic AMP through different mechanisms, also potently decreased Id4 gene expression. Furthermore, overexpression of Id4 in an astrocyte-derived cell line induced cells to round up and die by apoptosis. These results indicate that the cyclic AMP pathway acts as an inhibitor of Id4 gene expression in astrocytes, identify a new function for Id4, and suggest that Id4 is strategically positioned in the chain of molecular events regulating astrocyte differentiation and apoptosis.
Plasminogen Deficiency Causes Reduced Corticospinal Axonal Plasticity and Functional Recovery after Stroke in Mice

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has been implicated in neurite outgrowth and neurological recovery post stroke. tPA converts the zymogen plasminogen (Plg) into plasmin. In this study, using plasminogen knockout (Plg-/-) mice and their Plg-native littermates (Plg+/+), we investigated the role of Plg in axonal remodeling and neurological recovery after stroke. Plg+/+ and Plg-/- mice (n = 10/group) were subjected to permanent intraluminal monofilament middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). A foot-fault test and a single pellet reaching test were performed prior to and on day 3 after stroke, and weekly thereafter to monitor functional deficit and recovery. Biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was injected into the left motor cortex to anterogradely label the corticospinal tract (CST). Animals were euthanized 4 weeks after stroke. Neurite outgrowth was also measured in primary cultured cortical neurons harvested from Plg+/+ and Plg-/- embryos. In Plg+/+ mice, the motor functional deficiency after stroke progressively recovered with time. In contrast, recovery in Plg-/- mice was significantly impaired compared to Plg+/+ mice (p 0.82, p<0.01). Plg-/- neurons exhibited significantly reduced neurite outgrowth. Our data suggest that plasminogen-dependent proteolysis has a beneficial effect during neurological recovery after stroke, at least in part, by promoting axonal remodeling in the denervated spinal cord.
The quantitative response to cytokinin in the moss Funaria hygrometrica does not reflect differential sensitivity of initial target cells.

Exposure to sufficient cytokinin induces the formation of buds from responsive cells in the protonema of Funaria hygrometrica. Initial perception of the phytohormone results in a Ca 12 cascade within minutes. A second cytokinin-mediated event occurs some days later, and converts incipient buds into stably committed buds. The concentration of exogenous cytokinin also regulates the total number of buds produced from a protonemal colony. This concentration-dependent production of buds has been thought to reflect differential sensitivity of target cells. Under that hypothesis, the regulation of bud number occurs during initial perception of hormone. This paper presents direct experimental evidence to the contrary and supports the alternate hypothesis that bud formation involves the gating of large numbers of responding cells by later events. Experiments transferring protonema between media with different levels of cytokinin show that the cytokinin concentration during the initial perception of cytokinin is unimportant in controlling bud number. Instead, bud number is found to be regulated by the concentration of exogenous cytokinin as incipient buds or bud initials become stably committed buds.
Destructive temporomandibular joint disease: also consider tophaceous voracious (hydroxy)apatite

The article by Reynolds, et al presents a case of destruction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) attributed to tophaceous calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) deposition1. The authors also review the literature regarding 34 similar cases of chronic tophaceous destructive lesions, many also involving the TMJ and adjacent anatomical sites. Most previous case …
Technology portfolio options for NASA missions using decision trees

The portfolio allocation problem is pervasive to all RD technology probabilities and costs at each link have been deduced and documented using information from Office of Space Science databases. These numbers are assumed to be the best estimates at present, which need to be reviewed and updated by NASA domain experts. The decision tree approach described, developed for an example long term (e.g. 2025) mission, is amenable to the introduction of time dependence if one is to consider investment strategies for nearer term endeavors, or programs comprised of time sequences of several projects.
Prediction of survival in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer based on the timing and rate of normalization of CA125 levels during primary chemotherapy

5585 Objective: CA125 is the tumor marker used to evaluate response to chemotherapy in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The aim of this study was to determine if the timing of normali...
Heidegger on Aristotle's “Metaphysical” God

In courses in the twenties and early thirties, Heidegger argues that in Aristotle the question of the being of beings (ontology) and that of the unity of beings (theology) are distinct. Although he treated the two questions as part of one science, protē philosophia, Aristotle did not, in Heidegger's view, discuss the way in which these questions belong together. Being is determined theoretically as presence; and God, the first mover, is an aition, an explanatory ground of motion in sensible ousia. God is required as a ground for the presence of beings as a whole. Heidegger no longer seeks explanatory grounds, nor does he prioritize theory. Rather, he inquires into the essence of ground, and the poietical involvement of Dasein in understanding being. The unity of Aristotle's questions is found in a groundless ground: Dasein as transcendence. The metaphysical god is thus no longer required in Heidegger's phenomenology.
Compiling Collapsing Rules in Certain Constructor Systems

The implementation of functional logic languages by means of graph rewriting requires a special handling of collapsing rules. Recent advances about the notion of a needed step in some constructor systems offer a new approach to this problem. We present two results: a transformation of a certain class of constructor-based rewrite systems that eliminates collapsing rules, and a rewrite-like relation that takes advantage of the absence of collapsing rules. We formally state and prove the correctness of these results. When used together, these results simplify without any loss of efficiency an implementation of graph rewriting and consequently of functional logic computations.
Clinical Course of Unilateral Acanthamoeba Keratitis in a Cosmetic Contact Lens Wearer.

Purpose To report the features and clinical course of Acanthamoeba keratitis in a cosmetic contact lens wearer. Case report A 29-year-old man sought medical attention for severe ocular pain, blurry vision, photophobia, and a foreign body sensation in the left eye for the past 3-4 days. He had been wearing a single sapphire cosmetic soft contact lens for 1-2 months. The left upper eyelid was edematous and the conjunctiva was hyperemic; the best corrected distance visual acuity was 20/400. A slit lamp examination revealed circular and perineural linear stromal opacities and diffuse keratic precipitates. A clinical diagnosis of herpes simplex keratitis was made and the patient was started on antiviral therapy. After initial improvement, the patient returned with worsening pain and vision; the corneal lesions had exacerbated. Unresponsiveness to antiviral therapy prompted examination of corneal scrapings, which revealed Acanthamoeba developmental forms. Antimicrobial therapy was prescribed resulting in relief of symptoms despite corneal opacities and poor vision. Conclusion This case illustrates the importance of considering Acanthamoeba keratitis in contact lens wearers at presentation, particularly in those with symptomatic keratitis unresponsive to antiviral and antifungal therapy.
MARKET-LEVEL EFFECTS OF INFORMATION : COMPETITIVE RESPONSES AND CONSUMER DYNAMICS

Information flowing into a market from firms can stimulate competitive activity and consumer dynamics that ultimately improve the functioning of that market (e.g., improve product quality). However...
Mechanism of Au-GaAs Reaction and Effects on Ohmic Formation

Reactions between Au and GaAs occurs during alloying of Au-based ohmic contacts on GaAs. The reaction and electrical properties of annealed Au/GaAs contacts have both been studied. The extent of the Au-GaAs reactions increased with annealing temperature, incorporated Ga and As into the Au film and left pits on the GaAs surface. The activation energy for these reactions was determined to be 17.6 kcal/mole. Analysis of size evolution of reaction pits on GaAs proved that GaAs regrows at long time annealing. A mixed GaAs dissolution-regrowth mechanism is proposed for annealing temperature and time similar to those used to form alloyed ohmic contacts. Increased surface carrier concentrations resulting from accumulation of dopants near the Au/GaAs interface is proposed to enhance ohmic contact formation.
Investigation of Incompressible Dynamic Stall Physics by Application of a Parametric Proper Orthogonal Decomposition

a∞ Freestream speed of sound, m/s c Chord length, m f Pitch frequency, Hz k Reduced frequency, πfc/U∞ M∞ Freestream Mach number, U∞/a∞ q Freestream dynamic pressure, 1/2ρ∞U 2 ∞ Rec Reynolds number based on airfoil chord, U∞c/ν s Span length, m t Time, s u′ Fluctuating velocity, m/s U∞ Freestream flow speed, m/s α Angle of attack, deg. α0 Mean angle of attack, deg. α1 Pitch oscillation amplitude, deg. ρ Density, kg/m ω Circular frequency, rad/s
Can Small-Scale Agricultural Production Improve Children's Health? Examining Stunting Vulnerability among Very Young Children in Mali, West Africa

Stunting affects an individual's educational and wage-earning potential and can even affect the next generation of children. Most research of childhood stunting focuses on the determinants and correlates that lead to stunting—through nutritional or early infant experiences, with one potential solution to stunting being an increased supply of locally produced food. This research examines the interplay of community-level cropped area as a factor relating to childhood stunting. We use the most recently collected Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data for Mali, very high resolution remotely sensed imagery, and other remotely sensed data relating to geophysical characteristics to examine the impact of local cultivation on children's health. We focus on evaluating the environmental, community, household, and individual characteristics of the children who report healthy anthropometrics despite the presence of specific stunting risk factors. In adopting this approach to studies of children's health we can shed ...
A modified anaphylactic reaction induced by X-rays

The following observations are of interest in connection with a theoretical consideration of the mechanism of classical serum anaphylaxis.We have found it possible, as has v. Heinrich also, to modify the manifestations of anaphylaxis in guinea pigs by exposing them to X-rays. Guinea pigs weighing about 250 grams were given an intraperitoneal inoculation of 0.1 c.c. of horse serum (1 c.c. of a 1 — 10 dilution) for sensitization. Half of the number of sensitized animals were radiated immediately and then each day thereafter for 10 days. The X-rays were delivered from a Coolidge tube governed by a spark gap of 3 inches with 10 milliamperes of current. The distance from the anode to the surface of the animal's body was 6 inches and the total time of exposure was 10 minutes.14 days after sensitization 0.1 C.C. or 0.01 C.C. of horse serum was inoculated into the jugular vein as an intoxicating dose. In the animals sensitized but not X-rayed, typical anaphylactic manifestations and usually acute death followed t...
Functional Metal–Organic Frameworks via Ligand Doping: Influences of Ligand Charge and Steric Demand

Doping a functional ligand into a known crystalline system built from ligands of similar shape and length provides a powerful strategy to construct functional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with desired functionality and structural topology. This mix-and-match approach mimics the widely applied metal ion doping (or solid solution formation) in traditional inorganic materials, such as metal oxides, wherein maintaining charge balance of the doped lattice and ensuring size match between doped metal ions and the parent lattice are key to successful doping. In this work, we prepared three sterically demanding dicarboxylate ligands based on Ir/Ru-phosphors with similar structures and variable charges (−2 to 0), [Ir(ppy)3]-dicarboxylate (L1, ppy is 2-phenylpyridine), [Ir(bpy)(ppy)2]+-dicarboxylate (L2, bpy is 2,2′-bipyridine), and Ru(bpy)3]2+-dicarboxylate (L3), and successfully doped them into the known IRMOF-9/-10 structures by taking advantage of matching length between 4,4′-biphenyl dicarboxylate (BPDC) and...
Mid-IR Photothermal Spectroscopy with an Integrated Fiber Probe Laser

We present the first compact, all-fiber probe laser system for mid-IR photothermal spectroscopy. Images of the vibrational CH bands of a liquid crystal sample with high contrast are demonstrated.
Other Freshwater Fishes

Freshwater fishes occupy environments that are highly partitioned or structured (into disjunct lakes or river basins). The abstracts in this chapter begin with a comparison of allozyme variation in blind troglobitic forms versus full-eyed epigean populations of a Mexican tetra fish (Astyanax mexicanus), and they conclude with a recent examination—based on highly polymorphic microsatellite loci—of genetic parentage in a live-bearing embiotocid fish from northern California. Sandwiched in-between are genetic studies of a wide variety of freshwater fishes with oft-fascinating ecological lifestyles and/or evolutionary peculiarities that make them outstanding fodder for molecular genetic appraisals.
Abstract 5538A: Cell size-specific intracellular delivery

Among the many methods of intracellular delivery, cell size-selective delivery is particularly applicable to cancer research and therapeutics where tumor cells tend to be larger than blood cells and selective manipulation of a single cell-type while minimally affecting the other cells in a heterogeneous mixture is important. In this study, cell size-selective delivery is achieved using a novel microfluidic device with 75 parallel channels through which cells are pushed under nitrogen pressure. The cells undergo deformation as they transit through the channels, which results in temporary disruption of the cell membrane to facilitate delivery of material into the cytoplasm. For each cell size, there is a specific channel width for which optimal cell viability and fluorophore delivery is achieved, with smaller cells requiring narrower channels. When two cells of different sizes are mixed in solution, the channel width for optimal cell viability and fluorophore delivery for each cell type remains the same, and larger cells can achieve fluorophore delivery at a significantly higher percentage than smaller cells at the former9s optimal channel width. One possible application for this technology is tagging circulating tumor cells, and we have been able to selectively deliver fluorophores into tumor cells when spiked into whole human blood with 91% specificity. We were also able to isolate pancreatic tumors cells from a patient9s blood sample that matched the genotype of the patient9s primary pancreatic tumor. Intracellular delivery of materials has become increasingly important as we delve deeper into understanding cellular processes and developing targeted therapies, and with this device, selective delivery can be achieved in a vector-free environment and without dependence on cell-surface receptors. Citation Format: May Tun Saung, Armon Sharei, Viktor Adalsteinsson, Andrew Liss, Nahyun Cho, Tushar Kamath, Camilo Ruiz, Jesse Kirkpatrick, Robert Langer, Christopher Love, Klavs Jensen. Cell size-specific intracellular delivery. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5538A. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5538A
Food chloride distribution in nature and its relation to sodium content

Abstract Because of growing interest in the biological and clinical effects of dietary chloride as the anion accompanying the dietary cation sodium and because the standard food composition tables used in the United States to estimate sodium content do not contain data on chloride content, we analyzed the nutrient data base of the English workers Paul and Southgate, which contains an extensive listing of both chloride and sodium contents in foods. To examine food chloride distribution in nature, we focused on the uncooked, unadulterated, discrete, primitive foods in the data base (no. = 216 food items). The findings indicate the existence of both a large variability of chloride content among foods and a high degree of coupling of chloride with sodium. The contents of chloride and sodium varied over a similarly large range (coefficients of variation, 229% vs. 263%), differed very little from each other on the average (less than 20%), and correlated (r = 0.84, p
Discrediting Identity Work: Understandings of Intimate Partner Violence by Transgender Survivors

ABSTRACTThis study explores how individuals can actively work to discredit identity work. We examine eighteen transgender victims’ accounts of intimate partner violence (IPV), providing insight into how abusers undermine victims’ constructions of self-concepts. Our findings illustrate two primary strategies of discrediting identity work: altercasting and targeting sign-vehicles, including controlling through props. Empirically examining the accounts of transgender IPV victims’ experiences contributes to addressing a serious gap in research on transgender IPV victims, while expanding theoretical understandings of processes of discrediting identity work within the context of abusive intimate relationships.
Fundamental measurement techniques

Publisher Summary Fire testing relies on fundamental measurements of physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, mass, etc. This chapter provides an overview of the fundamental measurement techniques that are commonly used in support of flammability testing of materials. It also discusses some of the challenges that need to be overcome to perform accurate measurements. Thermocouples are by far the most commonly used sensors to measure temperature in fire tests. Objects that are exposed in a room fire environment are heated by the radiation from flames, combustion gases, and hot surfaces. A slug calorimeter is the most basic device to measure heat flux in fire tests. Also, the most commonly used type of sensors to measure the mass of a burning object is the load cell. Load cells come in many forms and shapes to facilitate their use for a wide range of applications. The objective of a measurement is to determine the value of the measurand, i.e., the physical quantity that needs to be measured. Every measurement is subject to error, no matter how carefully it is conducted. Errors of measurement may have two components, a random component and a systematic component. The former is due to a number of sources that affect a measurement in a random and uncontrolled manner. Random errors cannot be eliminated, but their effect on uncertainty may be reduced by increasing the number of repeat measurements and by applying a statistical analysis to the results.
Fully Printed Flexible Humidity Sensor

Abstract A humidity sensor that employs interdigitated capacitors (IDC) printed with silver (Ag) nanoparticle based ink on a flexible poly ethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate was successfully fabricated using gravure printing process. Thicknesses of 1 μm and 500 μm of a humidity sensitive polymer poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) was deposited on the IDCs by means of gravure printing. The capacitive response of the sensor towards relative humidity (RH) was measured in the range of 30% RH to 80% RH; the maximum percentage change in capacitance was 172% at 80% RH when compared to base capacitance at 30% RH. The humidity response of the printed sensor revealed a very high stability with a maximum error of 0.6% and 0.8% from the average value at 40% RH and 60% RH, respectively.
Abstract 551: The Dual Effect of Cigarette Smoke on Macrophage Abca1-dependent Cholesterol Efflux and Protease Production Leads to Decreased Collagen and Increased Necrosis in Plaques of ApoE Deficient Mice

Epidemiological evidence links smoking to an increase in the incidence and severity of cardiovascular disease. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for susceptibility are unknown. The accu...