cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preemptive genotyping for personalized medicine: design of the right drug, right dose, right time-using genomic data to individualize treatment protocol.

Abstract Objective To report the design and implementation of the Right Drug, Right Dose, Right Time—Using Genomic Data to Individualize Treatment protocol that was developed to test the concept that prescribers can deliver genome-guided therapy at the point of care by using preemptive pharmacogenomics (PGx) data and clinical decision support (CDS) integrated into the electronic medical record (EMR). Patients and Methods We used a multivariate prediction model to identify patients with a high risk of initiating statin therapy within 3 years. The model was used to target a study cohort most likely to benefit from preemptive PGx testing among the Mayo Clinic Biobank participants, with a recruitment goal of 1000 patients. We used a Cox proportional hazards model with variables selected through the Lasso shrinkage method. An operational CDS model was adapted to implement PGx rules within the EMR. Results The prediction model included age, sex, race, and 6 chronic diseases categorized by the Clinical Classifications Software for International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes (dyslipidemia, diabetes, peripheral atherosclerosis, disease of the blood-forming organs, coronary atherosclerosis and other heart diseases, and hypertension). Of the 2000 Biobank participants invited, 1013 (51%) provided blood samples, 256 (13%) declined participation, 555 (28%) did not respond, and 176 (9%) consented but did not provide a blood sample within the recruitment window (October 4, 2012, through March 20, 2013). Preemptive PGx testing included CYP2D6 genotyping and targeted sequencing of 84 PGx genes. Synchronous real-time CDS was integrated into the EMR and flagged potential patient-specific drug-gene interactions and provided therapeutic guidance. Conclusion This translational project provides an opportunity to begin to evaluate the impact of preemptive sequencing and EMR-driven genome-guided therapy. These interventions will improve understanding and implementation of genomic data in clinical practice.
Stigmatization Revisited Does Diversity Management Make a Difference in Applicant Success

This research examined whether diversity management provides a perception of enhanced employee qualifications and competence. In the first experiment, a sample of 179 undergraduate business student...
GSK3- and PRMT-1–dependent modifications of desmoplakin control desmoplakin–cytoskeleton dynamics

Intermediate filament (IF) attachment to intercellular junctions is required for skin and heart integrity, but how the strength and dynamics of this attachment are modulated during normal and pathological remodeling is poorly understood. We show that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT-1) cooperate to orchestrate a series of posttranslational modifications on the IF-anchoring protein desmoplakin (DP) that play an essential role in coordinating cytoskeletal dynamics and cellular adhesion. Front-end electron transfer dissociation mass spectrometry analyses of DP revealed six novel serine phosphorylation sites dependent on GSK3 signaling and four novel arginine methylation sites including R2834, the mutation of which has been associated with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC). Inhibition of GSK3 or PRMT-1 or overexpression of the AC-associated mutant R2834H enhanced DP–IF associations and delayed junction assembly. R2834H blocked the GSK3 phosphorylation cascade and reduced DP–GSK3 interactions in cultured keratinocytes and in the hearts of transgenic R2834H DP mice. Interference with this regulatory machinery may contribute to skin and heart diseases.
Effect of the New York State cigarette fire safety standard on ignition propensity, smoke constituents, and the consumer market

Objectives: This study examines empirical evidence from the New York experience testing tobacco industry arguments made in opposition to fire safety standards for cigarettes. Design: Percentages of cigarettes exhibiting full length burns (FLBs), cigarette sales before and following the implementation of the New York standards, a sample of retail cigarette prices, brand availability, and selected smoke constituent yields were compared between cigarettes sold in New York and two other states. Cigarette paper analysis was conducted on cigarettes sold in New York. Results: New York cigarette brands averaged 10.0% FLBs as compared to 99.8% for California and Massachusetts brands. Reduced ignition propensity (RIP) appears to have been achieved by cigarette paper banding. Cigarette sales, prices, and brand availability do not appear to have been affected by the New York standards. Yields of the majority of smoke constituents tested did not differ substantially between RIP cigarettes sold in New York as compared to the same brands sold in Massachusetts. Average yields of tar, carbon monoxide, and two compounds were slightly higher, the yields of seven compounds were higher for one brand only, and nicotine was lower, among New York brands tested. Conclusions: RIP cigarette brands have been designed to meet the New York fire safety standards. Their introduction has not affected cigarette sales or prices in New York. There is no evidence that the small increases in smoke constituent yields affect the already highly toxic nature of cigarette smoke. Data on smoking caused fires, deaths, and injuries dating from after the change in law are not yet available. Such data will be able to address the question of whether the demonstrated reduced ignition standards are associated with reduced fires and injuries. Based on the New York experience, prior industry objections to producing RIP cigarettes are unfounded. Other states and nations should adopt similar standards.
Radar observations of land breeze fronts.

Abstract In August 1969, the ultra-sensitive 10.7-cm wavelength JAFNA radar at Wallops Island, Va., recorded what was apparently a land breeze front 12–14 n mi off the coast. Accompanying meteorological data show the land breeze at the shore to be a layer of cold air less than 300 ft deep moving seaward at approximately 2 kt. The radar observations show the land breeze vertical frontal surface sloping landward at ∼20°, with convection over the warm water increasing the layer thickness to 2000 ft near the frontal zone. The radar-observed horizontal frontal surface is a sharp scalloped line echo in the lower 1000 ft but becomes diffuse above. As the local circulation during daylight hours changes to a sea breeze, the land breeze front recedes toward land and dissipates.
High-accuracy hand-eye calibration from motion on manifolds

The hand-eye problem consists in computing the poses between pairs of different coordinate frames fixed to the same rigid body from measurements of such poses as the body moves. Various procedures have been proposed over the past two decades for solving this problem in presence of noise, especially for a robot as the moving body. As a matter of fact, different formulations of the problem in terms of the well known AX=XB or AX=ZB equations implement different flavors of an error minimization procedure, either least-square or non-linear, on the basis of a common algebra. It is shown in this paper that better results in terms of accuracy can be obtained outside the conventional approach. Rather than fitting the calibration matrices out of a number of random poses, the presented method superimposes easily programmable robot poses in order to attain a set of constant manifolds, like points, circles and axes, among the different coordinate frames. Such manifolds are used for identifying the constant relationships between the coordinate frames that are in fact the poses under estimation. The proposed method presents the implementation of a simple robot motion routine for generating the manifolds. Standard mathematical tools are used for fitting the manifolds out of an actual realization of the procedure with tracked markers. The geometry of the proposed manifolds also reduces the propagation of the measurement noise that usually affects the conventional computation based on relative poses. Results are given in simulation and with a real setup in comparison with the most popular state-of-the-art algorithms.
Six Climate Change–Related Events In The United States Accounted For About $14 Billion In Lost Lives And Health Costs

The future health costs associated with predicted climate change-related events such as hurricanes, heat waves, and floods are projected to be enormous. This article estimates the health costs associated with six climate change-related events that struck the United States between 2000 and 2009. The six case studies came from categories of climate change-related events projected to worsen with continued global warming—ozone pollution, heat waves, hurricanes, infectious disease outbreaks, river flooding, and wildfires. We estimate that the health costs exceeded $14 billion, with 95 percent due to the value of lives lost prematurely. Actual health care costs were an estimated $740 million. This reflects more than 760,000 encounters with the health care system. Our analysis provides scientists and policy makers with a methodology to use in estimating future health costs related to climate change and highlights the growing need for public health preparedness.
Regulation of AP1 (Jun/Fos) Factor Expression and Activation in Ovarian Granulosa Cells RELATION OF JunD AND Fra2 TO TERMINAL DIFFERENTIATION

AP1 transcription factors control rapid responses of mammalian cells to stimuli that impact proliferation, differentiation, and transformation. To determine which AP1 factors are present in and regulated by hormones in ovarian cells during specific stages of proliferation and differentiation, we used both in vitro and in vivo models, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, DNA binding assays, and transfections of AP1 promoter-reporter constructs. The expression patterns of Jun and Fos family members in response to hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and cAMP) were distinct. JunB, c-Jun, c-Fos, and Fra2 were rapidly but transiently induced by FSH in immature granulosa cells. JunD and Fra2 were induced by LH and maintained as granulosa cells terminally differentiated into luteal cells. Forskolin and phorbol myristate acetate acted synergistically to enhance transcription of an AP1(−73COL)-luciferase construct. JunD appears to be one mediator of this effect, since JunD was a major component of the AP1-DNA binding complex in granulosa cells, and menin, a selective inhibitor of JunD, blocked transcription of −73COL-luciferase. Thus, FSH and LH via cAMP induce specific AP1 factors, the AP1 expression patterns are distinct, and that of JunD and Fra2 correlates with the transition of proliferating granulosa cells to terminally differentiated, non-dividing luteal cells.
The African struggle continues: The awakening of North Africa

2011 will be remembered as a momentous year in North Africa when the sclerotic dictatorships of Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya collapsed. Until then, the region seemed implacably immune to the democrati...
Life-cycle energy and greenhouse gas emission impacts of different corn ethanol plant types

Since the United States began a programme to develop ethanol as a transportation fuel, its use has increased from 175 million gallons in 1980 to 4.9 billion gallons in 2006. Virtually all of the ethanol used for transportation has been produced from corn. During the period of fuel ethanol growth, corn farming productivity has increased dramatically, and energy use in ethanol plants has been reduced by almost by half. The majority of corn ethanol plants are powered by natural gas. However, as natural gas prices have skyrocketed over the last several years, efforts have been made to further reduce the energy used in ethanol plants or to switch from natural gas to other fuels, such as coal and wood chips. In this paper, we examine nine corn ethanol plant types—categorized according to the type of process fuels employed, use of combined heat and power, and production of wet distiller grains and solubles. We found that these ethanol plant types can have distinctly different energy and greenhouse gas emission effects on a full fuel-cycle basis. In particular, greenhouse gas emission impacts can vary significantly—from a 3% increase if coal is the process fuel to a 52% reduction if wood chips are used. Our results show that, in order to achieve energy and greenhouse gas emission benefits, researchers need to closely examine and differentiate among the types of plants used to produce corn ethanol so that corn ethanol production would move towards a more sustainable path.
Predictive transform modeling

It is observed that in minimum MSE (mean square error) linear predictive transform (LPT) coding, a multivariable signal model of the Kalman type inherently arises. This is illustrated with a digital monochrome image example. It is proposed that the Kalman filter could make effective use of this signal model. It then follows that minimum MSE LPT modeling simultaneously addresses relevant coding and filtering problems. >
Inhibition of hippocampal protein synthesis following recall disrupts expression of episodic-like memory in trace conditioning.

Transition of short-term to long-term memory is referred to as consolidation and the process is dependent on protein synthesis. Recently, several studies have shown that expression of consolidated memory for simple forms of learning tasks (e.g., delay conditioning, contextual fear, inhibitory avoidance) becomes vulnerable to disruption by inhibition of protein synthesis when administered shortly after recall. In the present study, we address whether recall-induced dependence on protein synthesis is a fundamental property that can be applied to a form of memory requiring attentional awareness or is specific to memories for simple forms of conditioning. Trace fear conditioning is a form of learning that requires an active memory trace to associate a conditioned stimulus (CS) with an unconditioned stimulus (US) separated by time. Our data demonstrate that whether a CS-alone recall trial in a novel context acts as an extinction or reactivation trial depends on the strength of the original memory. Inhibition of protein synthesis following the recall trial in animals receiving one trace conditioning training session (that gives rise to weak memory) resulted in enhanced CS-elicited freezing compared with vehicle control, as a result of impaired extinction memory, but had no effect on contextual memory. However, inhibition of hippocampal protein synthesis following the recall trial in animals receiving two trace conditioning training sessions (that gives rise to stronger memory) resulted in impaired retention of both trace CS-US associative and contextual memory despite that the context-US association was not directly reactivated. This provides evidence that, for a robust memory, the CS-alone recall trial results in the reactivation of an episodic-like memory, including trace CS- and contextual-memory, and that hippocampal information storage for the memory as a whole is returned to a labile state requiring de novo protein synthesis. This and other studies are consistent with the role of the hippocampus in coordinating episodic memory retrieval. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
INTERSTELLAR POLARIZATION AND GALACTIC MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTHS.

Polarization to extinction ratio criterion to choose interstellar cloud model, discussing magnetic field strength requirements
Regulation of molecular weight distribution in the polymerization of butadiene–styrene and butadiene–nitrile rubbers†

Conditions for the preparation of butadiene–styrene and butadiene–nitrile rubbers with desirable molecular weight distributions were developed; regulators of different activities were used in the polymerizations. The character of the dependencies of properties of the butadiene–styrene rubbers on the molecular weight distribution of the polymers was established. Butadiene–styrene and butadiene–nitrile rubbers with the desired distributions and good elastic-plastic and physical-mechanical properties were obtained. These rubbers are now commercially produced on the basis of these findings.
A generic multilevel multiplying D/A converter for pipelined ADCs

State-of-art implementations of pipelined ADC can only realize a multiplying DAC (MDAC) with (2/sup n/-1) levels. However, the number of levels needed to optimize the performance may differ from this number. A novel scheme is proposed allowing for realization of an arbitrary number of MDAC levels, while allowing for 1 bit of digital redundancy and digital error correction without any overhead.
Numerical Fixed Point Solution of Linear Quadratic Gaussian Control Problem for Singularly Perturbed Systems

The fixed point method is developed for obtaining efficient numerical solution of linear-quadratic Gaussian problem for singularly perturbed systems. It is shown that each iteration step improves the accuracy by an order of magnitude, i.e., the accuracy of O(?k) can be obtained by doing only k-1 iterations. On the other hand, only low-order systems are involved in algebraic manipulations, and no analicity requirements are imposed on the system coefficients.
Resistance of Human Cytomegalovirus to Cyclopropavir Maps to a Base Pair Deletion in the Open Reading Frame of UL97

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread pathogen in the human population, affecting many immunologically immature and immunocompromised patients, and can result in severe complications, such as interstitial pneumonia and mental retardation. Current chemotherapies for the treatment of HCMV infections include ganciclovir (GCV), foscarnet, and cidofovir. However, the high incidences of adverse effects (neutropenia and nephrotoxicity) limit the use of these drugs. Cyclopropavir (CPV), a guanosine nucleoside analog, is 10-fold more active against HCMV than GCV (50% effective concentrations [EC50s] = 0.46 and 4.1 μM, respectively). We hypothesize that the mechanism of action of CPV is similar to that of GCV: phosphorylation to a monophosphate by viral pUL97 protein kinase with further phosphorylation to a triphosphate by endogenous kinases, resulting in inhibition of viral DNA synthesis. To test this hypothesis, we isolated a CPV-resistant virus, sequenced its genome, and discovered that bp 498 of UL97 was deleted. This mutation caused a frameshift in UL97 resulting in a truncated protein that lacks a kinase domain. To determine if this base pair deletion was responsible for drug resistance, the mutation was engineered into the wild-type viral genome, which was then exposed to increasing concentrations of CPV. The results demonstrate that the engineered virus was approximately 72-fold more resistant to CPV (EC50 = 25.8 ± 3.1 μM) than the wild-type virus (EC50 = 0.36 ± 0.11 μM). We conclude, therefore, that this mutation is sufficient for drug resistance and that pUL97 is involved in the mechanism of action of CPV.
A new approach to half-car active suspension control

A new formulation to half-car active suspension control is presented. A position-tracking approach via emulation is proposed to selectively control the heave and pitch modes of the sprung mass by taking advantage of the natural dynamics of a particular type of actuator: the electrohydraulic actuator. The new approach consists of three main steps: first, decouple the half-car active suspension system into two sub-plants; second, design a two-dimensional system with desired pitch and heave characteristics, and decouple it into two 1D subsystems; last, utilize a position-tracking approach to make each sub-plant emulate its corresponding 1D desired subsystem. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of this new formulation.
Older Americans Act Nutrition Programs: A Community-Based Nutrition Program Helping Older Adults Remain at Home

Nutrition interventions are important as the older population, most of whom live in the community, increases in size and diversity. They are key to leading a healthy, functional life and mitigating chronic health conditions. The Older Americans Act Nutrition Program served 86.3 million congregate and 137.4 million home-delivered meals to 1.6 million and 850,000 older adults, respectively (2012). Congregate and home-delivered participants were older, poorer, sicker, more functionally impaired, and at a greater risk of institutionalization than the general U.S. older population. The Nutrition Program is publically and privately funded. About 44% of congregate and 30% of home-delivered expenditures are from federal sources, which dropped from $25 per older adult in 1990 to $12 in 2013. Despite multiple funding sources, funding is insufficient for the expanding older population. Health, nutrition, and social service professionals need to coordinate their community-based services to truly help older adults remain in their homes.
Distributed Call-Tracking

One of the positive qualities associated with mobile computation is that it provides a flexible setting for sharing computational resources. A piece of code can move towards a site which hosts the resources it aims to exploit. Input/output devices, file systems, network, memory and processing power (CPU cycles) are typical examples of shared resources which may be exploited by mobile code.
Molecular organization of the cell wall and cell-wall crystals from Chlamydomonas eugamatos

The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas eugamatos is surrounded by a glycoproteinaceous cell wall. Using the quick-freeze deep-etch technique, we analyse the organization of the wall layers in situ , and delineate the structure of the outermost crystalline layer (W6). We also show the structure of the protein monomers, and propose a model for their organization in the crystal that is similar to that deduced for the related Chlorogonium elongatum crystal by image reconstruction analysis. We also show that the C. eugamatos crystal is highly similar to the flagellar collar of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii .
Export Diversification and Structural Change: Some Comparisons for Latin America

This paper is an attempt to establish some stylized facts about the process of export diversification and structural change in exports for six key Latin American economies: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela. Our results show that there has been a long-run trend toward export diversification in the region which has persisted through both inward- and outward-looking policy experiments, and over a variety of macroeconomic conditions. Structural change in exports accelerated during the debt crisis episode of the early 1980s, and more rapid structural change may be associated with policy reform. In addition, there are important differences among regions in the pattern of export diversification.
Compact Ultrafast Fiber Lasers for Nonlinear Optical Microscopy

We discuss the development of compact, affordable femtosecond fiber lasers for nonlinear optical microscopy. Application in brain imaging and Barrett’s cancer imaging will be presented.
4 + , T = 1 states in 10 B

A new state at 11.48 MeV in ${}^{10}$B has been suggested as the likely analog of the 4${}^{+}$ state at 10.15 MeV in ${}^{10}$Be. I have computed proton single-particle widths for this state and for another (hypothetical) 4${}^{+}$ state 0.55 MeV higher to decay to the 5/2${}^{+}$ state of ${}^{9}$Be. Such a decay should provide a unique identification of the structure of this (or these) 4${}^{+}$ state(s).
Paul Lazarsfeld and the Study of Knowledge Applications

Abstract The death of Paul Lazarsfeld during the 1976 ASA convention saddened all sociologists. In this paper, three of Lazarsfeld's colleagues at The University of Pittsburgh attempt to put the entire corpus of his works on the sociology of knowledge and communication into perspective, with special reference to his recent work (with Jeffrey G. Reitz, in collaboration with Ann K. Pasanella), An Introduction to Applied Sociology (Elesvier, 1976). They argue that this book opens up many new avenues in a systematic sociology of knowledge applications, a significant contemporary issue in sociology generally as well as within the sociology of knowledge more narrowly construed.[Eds.]
PTPS-16DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY FOR NEUROBLASTOMA THROUGH IRON AND CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM PATHWAYS

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid cancer in childhood and about 50% are metastatic at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, it is difficult to treat successfully. We studied the relationship between iron and cholesterol metabolisms in human NB cell lines with the goal of identifying novel therapeutic targets. In general, iron levels in human NB cells increased during the time they were cultured (∼ 3 days) while cholesterol levels of cells maintained in medium containing 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS) or 10% lipoprotein deficient serum decreased. The drug resistant human NB CHLA-171 cells had the higher levels of total iron than other cells as well as significantly more total cholesterol than the other cells during the first 48 hours in culture. Among iron chelators, DpC showed the strongest cytotoxicity to drug resistant NB cells. In general, the drug resistant NB cells are more sensitive to simvastatin than drug sensitive NB cells. In addition, the drug resistant CHLA-171 cells are more vulnerable to serum deprivation or combination of cholesterol inhibitors compare to the other NB cells. The HFE genotype is known to impact both cholesterol and iron metabolism. When HFE expression was decreased by HFE siRNA, cholesterol levels were also decreased in CHLA-171 cells. There is a mild anti-tumor effect at 20 mg/kg (3 times a week) of simvastatin in subcutaneous NB tumor model. In summary, the current data suggest that the need for iron is enhanced during cell proliferation, while cellular cholesterol is used for building new cells or synthesized more slowly during cell growth. The present data also indicates that iron/cholesterol is essential for the growth of drug resistant NB cells, and the effect of inhibition of its synthesis has a significant impact on cell viability.
Syncope in Patients with Pacemakers

Syncope in a pacemaker patient is a serious symptom but it is rarely due a pacemaker system malfunction. Syncope occurs in about 5 % of patients paced for atrioventricular (AV) block in 5 years, 18% in those paced for sinus node disease in 10 years, 20 % of those paced for carotid sinus syndrome in 5 years and 5-55 % of those older patients paced for vasovagal syncope in 2 years. The vastly different results in vasovagal syncope depend on the results of tilt testing, where those with negative tests approach results in pacing for AV block and those with a positive tilt test show no better results than with no pacemaker. The implication of tilt results is that a hypotensive tendency is clearly demonstrated by tilt positivity pointing to syncope recurrence with hypotension. This problem may be addressed by treatment with vasoconstrictor drugs in those who are suited or, more commonly, a reduction or cessation of hypotensive therapy in hypertensive patients. Other causes of syncope such as tachyarrhythmias are rare. The clinical approach to patients who report syncope is detailed.
Psychological bases of symptom reporting: perceptual and emotional aspects of chemical sensitivity.

The reporting of physical symptoms is influenced to a large degree by psychological processes. Individuals are more likely to notice subtle sensations in environments lacking in stimulation than th...
Sodium calcium exchanger operates in the reverse mode in metastatic human melanoma cells.

Cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) is important in the regulation of several cellular functions involved in metastasis. We hypothesize that distinct [Ca2+]cyt regulation explains the acquisition of a more metastatic phenotype. To test this hypothesis, we used highly and lowly metastatic human melanoma cells and [Ca2+]cyt was monitored using Fura—2AM and fluorescence spectroscopy. Stimulation with ATP elicited a sustained increase in [Ca2+]cyt in highly metastatic cells, but a transient increase in lowly metastatic cells. Na+ substitution revealed Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) activity in reverse mode in highly, but not in lowly metastatic cells. In highly metastatic cells, addition of Na+ in the plateau phase of [Ca2+]cyt increase elicited with ATP, in the absence of Na+, resulted in a rapid return to basal, indicating that NCX can operate in both reverse and forward modes. Inhibition and knockdown of NCX, using KB—R7943 and siRNA NCX—1 respectively, supported the significance of NCX in [Ca2+]cyt regulation in highly metastatic cells. Stimulation with UTP triggered a rapid increase in highly metastatic cells [Ca2+]cyt, but not in lowly metastatic cells suggesting that highly and lowly metastatic cells exhibit distinct purinergic receptors. These data indicate that following agonist—stimulation, NCX operates preferentially in the reverse mode to enable a sustained [Ca2+]cyt increase in highly metastatic cells. The forward mode of NCX operation to extrude Ca2+ is preferred in lowly metastatic cells. The acquisition of a more metastatic phenotype involves a switch in NCX activity from forward to reverse mode that is favorable to maintain elevated [Ca2+]cyt in response to agonist stimulation.
Coordinating action and language

The overarching aim of this chapter is to highlight the strong interfacing between linguistic and motor systems, focusing especially on the degree to which manipulations of a visual context interact with linguistic manipulations in order to modulate the properties of manual movements elicited in response to a linguistic signal. First, we provide a review of recent work in the domain of embodied cognition that highlights the engagement of motor systems during language comprehension, including gestures, eye movements, and postural sway. In the context of this body of work, we then focus on the notion that continuous and non-ballistic computer-mouse movement trajectories can serve as a viable motoric index of various aspects of language processing. The results of studies that have recorded mouse-movement trajectories in visual-world displays will be reviewed, with the goal of highlighting the methodological benefits of data contained in the recorded trajectories, along with their theoretical consequences. New data will be presented from a study in which both eye- and hand-movements were simultaneously recorded, speaking to the relationship between the two movement-related dependent measures. Finally, we will highlight the degree to which mouse-movements around a visual display can be informative for domains other than syntactic processing, focusing on new data from research designed to investigate the processing of verbal aspect.
Antisemitism and the American Far Left: “Fiends in Human Form”

In yet another abrupt shift, the Soviet Union in late 1948 and 1949 began virulent attacks on Israel and Jewish culture, unleashing a torrent of antisemitic propaganda that drew on centuries-old conspiracy fantasies. Like the Nazis, for whom the Jews were the primary force behind both capitalism and Communism, the Soviets leveled contradictory charges, denouncing the Jews both as “bourgeois nationalists,” their term for Zionists, and as “cosmopolites” (internationalists). During the next several years, Jewish emigration from the Soviet bloc was for all intents and purposes terminated, Soviet Yiddish writers were murdered by the state, and Yiddish culture was permanently destroyed. Soviet satellites staged show trials that cast Israel and the Zionist movement as their mortal enemy. State prosecutors invoked the vilest stereotypes of Jews to discredit defendants. The American CP again adjusted its position to conform to the Soviet line. Until 1956, it adamantly denied charges of official antisemitism in the Soviet Union and served as apologist for patently antisemitic Soviet bloc show trials and frame-ups. The Soviets initiated the new antisemitic campaign in the fall of 1948 with an article by Jewish writer Ilya Ehrenburg, a Stalin protege, in which he denounced Zionists as “mystics” and Israel as “bourgeois.” Echoing the argument Stalin advanced in 1913, Ehrenburg denied that “there was any affinity between Jews in different countries.” Thus Jews could not be considered a people.
Global Monitoring of Atmospherics

The suitability and limitations of radio (atmospherics) and optical techniques are considered in ground-based and satellite configurations, for monitoring global thunderstorms. Future improvements in optical sensors in satellites may reduce false alarms and provide useful terrestrial locations of lightning. Limitations in satellite atmospheric sensors are discussed. It is proposed that the most suitable system for locating and monitoring the thunderstorm activity and the provision of these data in near real time, consists of a network of ground-based stations providing the times of arrival of VLF atmospherics and the relay of these data to a central station via satellite. The ground-based recording system can be controlled by signals received via satellite from the central station.
The Psychotic Discourse of 9/11 Truth

In a 2004 poll conducted by Zogby international, 49.3 percent of New York City residents said that some US leaders “knew in advance that attacks were planned on or around September 11, 2001 and that they consciously failed to act” (“Americans Question Bush on 9/11 Intelligence” 2006). According to a New York Times–CBS News poll carried out in October 2006, only 16 percent of those surveyed thought the Bush administration was telling the truth about what it knew prior to September 11 about possible terrorist attacks on the USA (“Half of New Yorkers Believe” 2004). Fifty-three percent of respondents said that they thought the administration was hiding something. Twenty-eight percent thought the administration was mostly lying. A Scripps Survey Research Center-Ohio University poll carried out in July 2006 asked the more pointed question as to whether respondents thought 9/11 was an “inside job.” Thirty-six percent of respondents found it very or somewhat likely that “federal officials either participated in the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon or took no action to stop them ‘because they wanted the United States to go to war in the Middle East’” (Hargrove and Stemple 2006). The press release for the poll notes that this 36 percent is slightly less than the 40 percent convinced that a lone gunman was not responsible for the death of President John F. Kennedy and the 38 percent who believe the government is withholding proof of the existence of extraterrestrial life. It also reports that those suspecting 9/11 was an inside job are more likely to get their news from the internet than from mainstream media sources, which is hardly surprising given the hundreds of websites devoted to investigating the day’s events, criticizing the official account, and finding patterns in facts scattered throughout and virtually ignored by the mainstream media.
Past as prologue: Entrepreneurial inaction decisions and subsequent action judgments

Abstract We add richness and depth to entrepreneurial action theory by investigating the role of entrepreneurial inaction decisions—deliberate decisions not to pursue a perceived opportunity—in influencing entrepreneurs' paths both away from and toward action judgments on subsequent opportunities. Doing so, we utilize a sequential decision-judgment perspective to uniquely theorize that entrepreneurs' mental representations qualified by doubt carry over from initial entrepreneurial inaction decisions to consequentially impact assessments of opportunities that follow. Using two multi-stage scenario experiments where 244 founder entrepreneurs made a total of 690 sequential opportunity decisions, we find that initial inaction decisions negatively affect entrepreneurs' likelihood of subsequent action judgments. However, this effect is mitigated when entrepreneurs perceive subsequent opportunities as dissimilar, rather than similar. In that way, the initial inaction decision reduces assessments of the likelihood of subsequent action, but opportunity characteristics, such as dissimilarity, can spur entrepreneurs back toward action.
Semi-active control of monopile offshore wind turbines under multi-hazards

Abstract The present paper studies the control of monopile offshore wind turbines subjected to multi-hazards consisting of wind, wave and earthquake. A Semi-active tuned mass damper (STMD) with tunable natural frequency and damping ratio is introduced to control the dynamic response. A new fully coupled analytical model of the monopile offshore wind turbine with an STMD is established. The aerodynamic, hydrodynamic and seismic loading models are derived. Soil effects and damage are considered. The National Renewable Energy Lab monopile 5 MW baseline wind turbine model is employed to examine the performance of the STMD. A passive tuned mass damper (TMD) is utilized for comparison. Through numerical simulation, it is found that before damage occurs, the wind and wave induced response is more dominant than the earthquake induced response. With damage presence in the tower and the foundation, the nacelle and the tower response is increased dramatically and the natural frequency is decreased considerably. As a result, the passive TMD with fixed parameters becomes off-tuned and loses its effectiveness. In comparison, the STMD retuned in real-time demonstrates consistent effectiveness in controlling the dynamic response of the monopile offshore wind turbines under multi-hazards and damage with a smaller stroke.
Early Phases of Schizophrenia and Depression: Prediction of Suicide

As prospective studies of representative samples of schizophrenics and other types of psychotic and nonpsychotic patients have increased (1–5), suicide has been recognized as a major problem which merits greater concern on the part of clinicians and policy makers alike. For mentally disturbed samples, literature reviews suggest that the suicide rate may range from 10% to 15% among the major mental disorders (1,45). For the general population, suicide is a leading cause of death among adults under forty years of age, and suicide rates have been increasing since 1955 with a slight decrease in the late 1970s (6).
Inflammation correlates with symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome.

It is not unusual for patients who say they are sick to have normal results on standard laboratory testing. The physician often concludes that there is no “real” illness and that the patients’ symptoms likely stem from a psychological disorder. An alternative conclusion, often honored in the breach, is that the standard laboratory tests are measuring the wrong things. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)―also called myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome―is such an illness. Often, the condition begins suddenly, following an “infectious-like” illness. For years, patients do not return to full health. The illness waxes and wanes, and at its worst leads patients to be bedridden or unable to leave their homes. A report from the National Academies estimates that CFS affects up to 2.5 million people in the United States and generates direct and indirect expenses of $17–24 billion annually (1). The most widely used case definition (2) consists only of symptoms. This, along with typically normal results on standard laboratory tests, has raised the question of whether there are any “real” objective, biological abnormalities in CFS. In PNAS, Montoya et al. (3) report the latest evidence that there are such abnormalities. Indeed, research over the past 30 y has discovered pathology involving the central nervous system (CNS) and autonomic nervous system (ANS), energy metabolism (with associated oxidative and nitrosative stress), and the immune system, as described in a detailed review (4). This Commentary will briefly summarize the evidence, providing citations only to work published since this review. I will then place the report by Montoya et al. (3) in context, and speculate about the pathophysiology of the illness. Formal testing reveals that CFS patients are more sensitive to painful stimuli, and have cognitive deficits in attention, memory, and reaction time. Spinal fluid studies find elevated numbers of white blood cells and … [↵][1]1Email: komaroff{at}hms.harvard.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Personalized reading intervention for children with Down syndrome

The purpose of this replication study was to evaluate the potential efficacy and feasibility of an early reading intervention for children with Down syndrome. The intervention was developed in alignment with the Down syndrome behavioral phenotype. Six children between the ages of seven and ten years participated in a series of multiple-probe across lessons single-case design studies. Results indicate a functional relation between intervention and reading outcomes for four children. Results were mixed for one participant and no functional relation was demonstrated for another. The potential promise of pursuing aptitude-by-treatment interaction research for subgroups of learners with similar characteristics as an effort to personalize intervention is discussed.
If You Know that Network: The Role of Cognitive Network in Entrepreneurial Decision Making

We positioned the current study in a context of entrepreneurship, where entrepreneurs had the task of selecting business partners with distinct features. We argue that network cognition of entrepre...
Boundary Trajectories of Generalized Control Systems

A theorem is presented which gives a necessary condition for a trajectory of a so called generalized control system to be a boundary trajectory. The theorem implies a maximum principle for differential inclusions with no assumptions at all on the right-hand side of the inclusion.
Memory Management Techniques for Exploiting RDMA in PGAS Languages

Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) languages are a popular alternative when building applications to run on large scale parallel machines. Unified Parallel C (UPC) is a well known PGAS language that is available on most high performance computing systems. Good performance of UPC applications is often one important requirement for a system acquisition. This paper presents the memory management techniques employed by the IBM XL UPC compiler to achieve optimal performance on systems with Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA). Additionally we describe a novel technique employed by the UPC runtime for transforming remote memory accesses on a same shared memory node into local memory accesses, to further improve performance. We evaluate the proposed memory allocation policies for various UPC benchmarks and using the IBM® Power® 775 supercomputer [1].
Restoring Caribbean dry forest

This paper describes a systems approach to the ecological restoration of Caribbean dry forests, in which factors that limit natural regenerative processes are identified, and ecological strategies are developed in order to remove those limitations. The approach is illustrated using information gathered from restoration research in progress on the island of St. John, U. S. Virgin Islands. Information about driving variables, together with data on biotic and abiotic site conditions, define the context and starting point for active management.
Depth and Symmetry in Conway's M13 Puzzle

We analyze a sliding tile puzzle (due to J. H. Conway) which gives a presentation of the Mathieu group M12, one of the sporadic simple groups. We use the symmetries of a finite projective plane to ...
Barriers to Cancer Prevention in the Older Person

Barriers to cancer screening are numerous and include both immutable barriers, such as a patient's low income, as well as more mutable barriers; fortunately, most barriers are potentially mutable ones. These encompass, among others, doctor-patient communication patterns, inadequate and inaccurate health information, attitudinal barriers such as patient anxiety, and community barriers, such as the lack of a provider reminder system to patients that prompts compliance. One of the easiest enablers of patient screening to implement is for clinicians to communicate their enthusiastic belief in screening to their older patients. Numerous studies now have documented the effectiveness of the physician's role in increasing patient compliance with screening guidelines.
Adhesion Stabilization of Blood Borne Cancer Cells in the Microcirculation

Metastastic tumor cells must form stable adhesive contacts with microvascular elements in target organs. The interactions at the vessel wall are complex and may vary depending on the cells involved. We have developed hydrodynamic assays that mimic conditions in the microcirculation to study metastatic tumor cell interactions with endothelial cells and their underlying extracellular matrix. Acquisition and analysis of data are computerized, enabling us to distinguish the primary events of arrest from secondary events of adhesion stabilization. Using this system we have determined that initial receptor-ligand interactions do not effectively maintain prolonged adhesive contacts unless followed by adhesion stabilization. We have examined tumor cell lines that were derived from different developmental origins and malignant potentials and observed differences in their adhesion stabilization behavior. The adhesion behaviors of human metastatic melanoma cells that originate from the neuroepithelium (MeWo, 3S5, and 70W cells) are quite different from murine large-cell lymphoma cells that arise from mesothelia (RAW117-P, -L17, and -H10). Melanoma cells adhered to many extracellular matrix proteins or RGD peptides but large-cell lymphoma cells responded to a more limited repertoire of components. Melanoma cells express a variety of integrins compared to the more limited integrin profiles expressed by large-cell lymphoma cells, and melanoma cells were more highly responsive and spread more fully under laminar flow than the limited spreading and slow adhesion stabilization of large-cell lymphoma cells. The adhesion stabilization properties of these tumor cells correlated with their metastatic properties; melanoma cells typically metastasize to a variety of organ sites compared to the organ preferential targeting of large-cell lymphoma cells. These methods measure dynamic responses of tumor cell and we conclude that these hydrodynamic analysis methods are highly sensitive and reflective of metastatic behavior.
Gesundheitsorientierte Führung: Mit Leadership gegen Burnout und Depression

Bei der Analyse von Krankheitszahlen ist ein erstaunliches Phanomen zu beobachten: Unterschiedliche Berufsgruppen werden unterschiedlich oft krank – und auch bezuglich der geographischen Region gibt es erhebliche Unterschiede. Angefuhrt werden die Statistiken immer noch von Fabrikarbeitern in nordlicheren und stadtischen Regionen. Der Suden und der Sudwesten verzeichnen traditionell die geringsten Zahlen. Buroarbeit fuhrt wesentlich seltener zu Krankheit, Fehlzeiten und Abwesenheit. Selbststandige und Unternehmer scheinen kaum zu erkranken. Halten Arbeitsethik und Verantwortung gesund? Gehen diese Menschen trotz Krankheit nicht zum Arzt? Sagt Abwesenheit uberhaupt etwas uber den Gesundheitszustand eines Menschen aus? Unstrittig ist, dass es einen deutlichen Zusammenhang zwischen einem zufriedenstellenden Arbeitsumfeld und Gesundheit gibt.