cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Absence of spin diffusion in most random lattices

We examine the metallic phase of the positionally disordered Anderson-Hubbard model as a prototype of a strongly correlated disordered metal. We find that the low-temperature thermodynamics is dominated by spin excitations in rare regions, leading to non-Fermi-liquid behavior as T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0 with a diverging susceptibility, a specific heat rising faster than T, and a vanishing spin diffusion coefficient. We argue that the results should, in principle, apply throughout the metallic phase of random alloys which undergo a transition, as a function of concentration, to an insulating phase with local moments.
Nonlinear Forecasting analysis of inflation-deflation patterns of an active caldera (Campi Flegrei, Italy)

The ground level in Pozzuoli, Italy, at the center of the Campi Flegrei caldera, was monitored by tide gauges between 1970 and 1976 and then continuously since 1982. Tide gauges offer a long record of a variable that is believed to be related to the activity of an underlying shallow magma chamber. Previous work suggests that the dynamics of the Campi Flegrei system, as reconstructed from the tide gauge record, is chaotic and low dimensional. According to this suggestion, in spite of the complexity of the system, at a time scale of days the ground motion is driven by a deterministic mechanism with few degrees of freedom; however, the interactions of the system may never be describable in full detail. Our new analysis of the tide gauge record from January 1987 to June 1989, using Nonlinear Forecasting, confirms low-dimensional chaos in the ground elevation record at Campi Flegrei and suggests that Nonlinear Forecasting could be a useful tool in volcanic surveillance.
Familial syndrome of progressive arterial occlusive disease consistent with fibromuscular dysplasia, hypertension, congenital cardiac defects, bone fragility, brachysyndactyly, and learning disabilities

We report on 4 of 9 sibs with a syndrome of stenosis of the renal arteries and chronic hypertension, variable stenosis or occlusion of cerebral, abdominal and probably coronary arteries due to suspected fibromuscular dysplasia, congenital cardiac abnormalities, brachydactyly and syndactyly of the hands and feet, and increased bone fragility consistent with a mild form of osteogenesis imperfecta. Three affected individuals have had mild to moderate learning disabilities. The parents and the remaining 5 sibs have normal hands and feet and no history of excessive fractures. Individual components of this syndrome may appear as isolated conditions, including fibromuscular dysplasia, brachydactyly, syndactyly, and osteogenesis imperfecta, and are autosomal dominant traits in many cases. Explanations for this familial occurrence include autosomal recessive inheritance, autosomal dominant inheritance with decreased penetrance, or parental gonadal mosaicism for a mutation involving a single gene or several contiguous genes.
Stress Distribution in Porous Ceramic Bodies During Binder Burnout

A model has been developed for describing the stresses that arise during binder burnout in three-dimensional porous bodies. The pressure gradient that arises from the decomposition of binder in the pore space is treated as an equivalent body force. For input into the mechanics model, the pressure distribution is obtained from the analytical solution for three-dimensional porous bodies with anisotropic permeability. The normal and shear stresses are then calculated from finite element analysis for bodies of parallelepiped geometry. In general, the normal stresses occur at the center of the body and are an order of magnitude larger than the shear stresses. Both the normal and shear stresses depend on the body size, the body geometry, and on the permeability. ©2002 ASME
Natasha and Kitty at the Bedside: Care for the Dying in War and Peace and Anna Karenina

This paper examines the sections of L. N. Tolstoy’s War and Peace and Anna Karenina, in which Prince Andrei and Nikolai Levin are dying. It proposes that, although scholarship has reflected instructively on what occurs to Prince Andrei and to Levin in these sections, it has not given due attention to the implications of these sections for the development of Natasha and Kitty, development, it is argued, that is linked to Tolstoy’s considerations of good care for the dying and the right type of love. This paper aims to redress this gap, exploring what comprises good care for the dying in these sections, placing that good care in the continuum of Tolstoy’s writing on who good care-givers are, and highlighting how Natasha’s and Kitty’s actions reveal development in them.
Simplex Optimization of the Blue Tetrazolium Assay Procedure for α-Ketol Steroids

Two independent, simplex procedures were employed to optimize the official blue tetrazolium reaction. The net absorbance for a fixed amount of hydrocortisone was maximized by the simultaneous variation of five factors of the pharmacopeial method, i.e.: concentrations of tetramethylammonium hydroxide, blue tetrazolium, and water, as well as temperature and time for color development. An initial simplex was used to determine an optimum response, while a second was performed to minimize the blank absorbance obtained at the optimum. A series of pharmaceutically important steroids: prednisone, prednisolone, hydrocortisone acetate, and cortisone acetate were also analyzed by the optimized method. The results indicated improvements in sensitivity ranging from 9.27 to 22.95% for the corticosteroids studied. The optimized method also decreased the assay time in relation to the official procedure by one-sixth.
ASSESSMENT OF ENDOCARDITIS AND ASSOCIATED COMPLICATIONS WITH TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

TEE offers many benefits in the evaluation of patients with IE. It provides increased sensitivity as compared to TTE in the detection of this disease, and is better able to identify and delineate many of the associated complications and hemodynamic aberrancies. TEE also has helped expand our knowledge of the pathophysiology and natural history of IE. Continued advances in the technology of TEE instrumentation undoubtedly will lead to further improvements in our ability to assess and to treat patients stricken with this serious infection. Nevertheless, IE continues to exact a significant toll on its victims, and our efforts to diagnose, to treat, and to prevent it must not weaken.
Recent Progress in Quantum Imaging and Ghost Imaging

We summarize recent work that demonstrates the utility of quantum effects for important technological applications in image science. We emphasize that what was considered to be “quantum weirdness” only a few years ago is today useful technology.
Persistent Metal Contamination Limits Lotic Ecosystem Heterotrophic Metabolism after More Than 100 Years of Exposure: A Novel Application of the Resazurin Resorufin Smart Tracer

Persistent stress from anthropogenic metal deposition in lotic ecosystems is a global concern. This long-term selective pressure shapes hyporheic microbial assemblages and influences ecosystem functional integrity. We hypothesized that, even after 100 years of adaptation opportunity, ecosystem function remains inhibited by sediment-associated metal stress and that the Resazurin Resorufin Smart Tracer can be used to quantify this impact. The Resazurin Resorufin Smart Tracer system is applied here in a novel capacity as an indicator of ecosystem function by quantifying ecosystem respiration of microbial communities. Hyporheic microbial communities exposed to differing magnitudes of chronic metal stress were compared to pristine reference sites in controlled column experiments. A Markov chain Monte Carlo technique was developed to solve the inverse smart tracer transport equation to derive community respiration data. Results suggest metals inhibit respiration by 13-30% relative to reference sites and this inhibition is directly related to the level of in situ metal stress. We demonstrate the first application of a hydrologic smart tracer as a functional indicator of ecological integrity within anthropogenically influenced flowing water systems and provide data suggesting resilience is limited in hyporheic ecosystems even after more than a century of microbial adaption to chronic pollutants.
Paternal influence on S-phase in the first cell cycle of the bovine embryo.

The objective of this study was to determine whether the initiation and length of the zygotic S-phase differs for embryos sired by bulls demonstrating high versus low fertility in vivo. Bovine oocytes were matured in vitro for 24-27 h and fertilized with frozen-thawed bovine semen. Six bulls that differed in fertility level were used in the study. The bulls were classified into two groups: those demonstrating high fertility in vivo (in vivo high-fertility bulls; n = 3), with a group mean +/- SEM lifetime nonreturn rate of 78 +/- 2%, and those demonstrating low fertility in vivo (low-fertility bulls; n = 3), with a group mean +/- SEM nonreturn rate of 69 +/- 1%. The S-phase in zygotes was identified by means of an immunocytochemical technique after pronuclear-stage zygotes were labeled with 5'bromo-2'deoxyuridine (BrdU). To visualize all pronuclei, presumptive zygotes were also stained with propidium iodide. In the first experiment, zygotes were labeled with BrdU at 2-h intervals from 8 to 20 h after sperm addition. There were no differences between bull fertility groups in the time course of pronuclear formation (p > 0.05). The beginning of S-phase was earlier in zygotes sired by high- compared to low-fertility bulls (p 0.05). In the second experiment, zygotes were labeled with BrdU continuously from 8 to 20 h after sperm addition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Gene expression in archived newborn blood spots distinguishes infants who will later develop cerebral palsy from matched controls

Gene expression in archived newborn blood spots distinguishes infants who will later develop cerebral palsy from matched controls
The low-frequency problem in the design of microwave gyrators and associated elements

The introduction of ferrite microwave circuit elements has allowed considerable simplification in the realization of many system functions. However, to date practical low loss ferrite devices have not been built to operate at frequencies below 3,000 mc. Many problems arise when one attempts to build devices to operate below this frequency. Some of these problems arise from the fact that mechanisms of loss occur in the ferrites at lower frequencies which are negligible at the higher microwave frequencies. In addition, at frequencies below 1,000 mc, one can seldom neglect the existence of internal anisotropy fields in the ferrite materials. The most fundamental limitation to the operation of ferrite devices at very low microwave frequencies, however, is that one is approaching the relaxation frequency for ferromagnetic resonance, and as a result the performance of all ferrite microwave devices must deteriorate at sufficiently low frequencies, regardless of whether one assumes a ferrite whose other properties are ideal. All these problems are discussed and quantitative expressions are obtained for the ultimate low-frequency limitation of ferrite isolators, circulators, and microwave gyrators.
Large scrotal hernia: A complicated case of mesh migration, ascites, and bowel strangulation

A 30-year-old male with 1 1/2-year history of an asymptomatic, large, reducible right indirect scrotal hernia presented to the emergency department complaining of a 2-week history of increasing abdominal distension and daily emesis. He had recently undergone an emergent exploratory laparotomy in which his asymptomatic hernia was repaired with a mesh plug from an intra-abdominal approach. The mesh plug subsequently migrated into the patient's scrotum resulting in a strangulating bowel obstruction. This paper discusses a serious complication that may result from inappropriate use and placement of a mesh plug and our approach to correct the situation utilizing a bioabsorbable mesh prosthesis.
Zinc and growth in patients with sickle cell disease

tion for intensive treatment during this period. The indiscriminate use of high doses of Factor VIII for all elbow hemorrhages in early adolescence is one possibl e response to this situation. However , the problems of the multitransfused hemophiliac patient? make this approach less than ideal, and the selective application of high-dose replacement therapy to those hemorrhages likely to do badly is a more logical solution. We have shown that elbow hemarthroses which present with pain unaccompanied by stiffness, that are tender, and that have lost more ihan 50% of movement are likely to do badly on a dose of 11 to 16 units of Factor VIIl/kg. A delay of more than three hours from the onset of symptoms is also likely to be associated with lack of response. Bleeding into target joints was associated significantly with success when a one-tailed test was used. From our clinical experience we did not expect hemorrhages into target joints to be associated with better than average respons e to an average dose of Factor VIII, and therefore believe that in this situation the use of a one-tailed test is not permissible. We have shown that trauma does not worsen the out!ook for elbow hemorrhages and that delay in treatment UP tO three hours does not appear to increase the risk. This surprising observation does not necessarily mean that delay in treatment is acceptable. The spee d with which bleeding develops is likely to vary from case to case, and early presentation may delay the onset of high-risk features. The age of the patients did not appear to influence response , although a previous study has suggested that hemorrhages increase in severity through adolescence and peak at the age of 14 to 15 years? Forty percent of the hemorrhages associated with two or more of the four poor prognosis factors needed retransfusion, and this group of hemorrhages should provide a fruitful field for studying the effect of higher initial doses of Factor VIII,
An Analysis of the Sonority Hypothesis and Cluster Realization in a Child with Phonological Disorder.

This study describes the realization of onset and coda clusters in a 4-year old child acquiring American English, and with a higher than usual level of unintelligible speech. It reviews previous studies that have tested cluster realization against markedness and, in particular, the sonority hypothesis. This latter predicts steep rises in sonority at onsets and more gradual falls in sonority at codas of syllables. The data collected for this study cover four different onset cluster types and three different coda cluster types, and are derived from spontaneous speech produced during clinical sessions. An analysis of the patterns of cluster realizations shows that the participant's cluster realizations do not always follow the sonority hypothesis, and various factors are discussed that could be motivating the child's choice of realization.
Dissociating the contributions of independent corticostriatal systems to visual categorization learning through the use of reinforcement learning modeling and Granger causality modeling.

We dissociated the contributions to learning of four corticostriatal “loops” (interacting striatal and cortical regions): motor (putamen and motor cortex), visual (posterior caudate and visual cortex), executive (anterior caudate and prefrontal cortex), and motivational (ventral striatum and ventromedial frontal cortex). Subjects learned to categorize individual repeated images into one of two arbitrary categories via trial and error. We identified (1) regions sensitive to correct categorization, categorization learning, and feedback valence; (2) regions sensitive to prediction error (violation of feedback expectancy) and reward prediction (expected feedback associated with category response) using reinforcement learning modeling; and (3) directed influences between regions using Granger causality modeling. Each loop showed a unique pattern of sensitivity to each of these factors. Both the motor and visual loops were involved in acquisition of categorization ability: activity during correct categorization increased across learning and was sensitive to reward prediction. However, the posterior caudate received directed influence from visual cortex, whereas the putamen exerted directed influence on motor cortex. The motivational and executive loops were involved in feedback processing: both regions were sensitive to feedback valence, which interacted with learning across scans. However, the motivational loop activity reflected prediction error, whereas executive loop activity reflected reward prediction, consistent with the executive loop role in integrating reward and action. Granger causality modeling found directed influences between striatal and cortical regions within each loop. Across loops, the motor loop exerted directed influence on the executive loop which is consistent with the role of the executive loop in integrating feedback with stimulus–response history.
Operational oceanographic applications for the Wide Swath Ocean Altimeter

The Wide Swath Ocean Altimeter (WSOA) is an interferometric radar instrument presently being developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for integration to the Ocean Surface Topography Mission. The Naval Research Laboratory has a long history of working with satellite remote sensing instruments and applying the information to ocean environment prediction. Traditional nadir altimeter satellites measure sea level at the satellite nadir point with a footprint of about 7 km at intervals of about 6.5 km along the ground track. While the information is very useful for ocean monitoring and prediction, the limited spatial extent creates a large possibility that ocean mesoscale features such as eddies or current meanders may not be sampled. The wide swath instrument provides a much greater spatial density of measurements. The intrinsic instrument resolution is about 1 km in the across-track direction and 11 km in the along-track direction. The instrument provides measurements within these cells across a 200 km wide swath. Errors levels are high, and averaging to 15 km bins greatly reduces error levels.
Cleavage by ribonuclease III of the complex of 30 S pre-ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins of Escherichia coli.

In lysates of Escherichia coli strain AB301-105, newly-formed 30 S pre-ribosomal RNA moved in a complex with protein, at 53 S. A 53 S particle also formed from the purified RNA and 30 S and 50 S ribosomal proteins, and could be cleaved by RNAase III to yield 30 S and 48 S particles.
The beta-adrenoceptor antagonist carteolol and its metabolite 8-hydroxycarteolol have different intrinsic sympathomimetic activities.

Abstract We have tested the effects of carteolol and 8-hydroxycarteolol on cAMP generation in S49 lymphoma and BC3H1 smooth muscle-like cells. Carteolol was a high affinity β-adrenoceptor antagonist in both systems but did not stimulate cAMP accumulation. The metabolite 8-hydroxycarteolol also was a high affinity antagonist. In contrast to its parent compound, however, it possessed an agonistic component which was considerably stronger than that of other β-adrenoceptor blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, e.g. dichloroisoprenaline, pindolol, or celiprolol. These results suggest that metabolites can possess different pharmacodynamic properties in terms of β-adrenoceptor interaction relative to parent compounds.
Trypanosome transmission dynamics in tsetse

Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) are vectors of African trypanosomes. Tsetse undergo viviparous reproductive biology, and depend on their obligate endosymbiont (genus Wigglesworthia ) for the maintenance of fecundity and immune system development. Trypanosomes establish infections in the midgut and salivary glands of the fly. Tsetse's resistance to trypanosome infection increases as a function of age. Among the factors that mediate resistance to parasites are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced by the Immune deficiency (Imd) signaling pathway, peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) LB, tsetse-EP protein and the integrity of the midgut peritrophic matrix (PM) barrier. The presence of obligate Wigglesworthia during larval development is essential for adult immune system maturation and PM development. Thus, Wigglesworthia prominently influences the vector competency of its tsetse host.
Employing controlled vibrations to predict fluid forces on a cylinder undergoing vortex-induced vibration

In the present study, we measure the fluid forces on a vertical cylinder that is forced to vibrate transversely to a water channel flow, and compare directly to the forces encountered by freely vibrating cylinders, under conditions where we carefully match the amplitude, frequency, and Reynolds number (Re) of the two cases. A key point is that we use precisely the same cylinder and submerged flow configuration for both the free and controlled cases. Where the free vibration exhibits closely sinusoidal motion, the controlled sinusoidal motion yields forces in close agreement with the free vibration case. Although this result might be expected, previous comparisons have not been uniformly close, which highlights the importance of matching the experimental conditions precisely, and of accurately measuring the phase between the force and body motion. For a lightly damped system, which is perhaps the most significant case to analyze, one typically finds that the maximum response amplitude is quite unsteady. One might conventionally expect prediction of forces to be difficult in such cases. However, it is of practical significance that, even in this case, a quasi-steady approximation is effective. This is a significant point because it suggests that controlled vibration measurements for constant amplitude motion might remain applicable to free vibration systems undergoing even transient or intermittent motions.
Detecting Voids In a 0.6 M Coal Seam, 7 M Deep, Using Seismic Reflection

Abstract Surface collapse over abandoned subsurface coal mines is a problem in many parts of the world. High-resolution P-wave reflection seismology was successfully used to evaluate the risk of an active sinkhole to a main north-south railroad line in an undermined area of southeastern Kansas, USA. Water-filled cavities responsible for sinkholes in this area are in a 0.6 m thick coal seam, 7 m deep. Dominant reflection frequencies in excess of 200 Hz enabled reflections from the coal seam to be discerned from the direct wave, refractions, air wave, and ground roll on unprocessed field files. Repetitive void sequences within competent coal on three seismic profiles are consistent with the “room and pillar” mining technique practiced in this area near the turn of the century. The seismic survey showed that the apparent active sinkhole was not the result of reactivated subsidence but probably erosion.
Investigation of Energy-Band Structures and Electronic Properties of PbS and PbSe

The augmented-plane-wave method is used to calculate the energy-band structure of PbS and PbSe. The relativistic mass-velocity, Darwin, and spin-orbit interaction corrections are taken into account. The resulting wave functions are used to calculate the matrix elements of momentum, which are then used in a k. p perturbation scheme to obtain effective masses and $g$ factors. Previous calculation of $g$ factors for PbTe is corrected. The effect of strain on energy bands of PbS and PbSe is calculated using the deformation-potential theory. The energy bands obtained, as well as the calculated electronic properties of these materials, are in good agreement with other theoretical and experimental investigations.
trans-4,4‘-Dichloro-1,1‘,2,2‘,3,3‘-tetrathiadiazafulvalene (DC-TAF) and Its 1:1 Radical Cation Salts [DC-TAF][X]: Preparation and Solid-State Properties of BF4-, ClO4-, and FSO3- Derivatives

Reductive coupling of 4,5-dichloro-1,2,3-dithiazolylium chloride yields trans-4,4‘-dichloro-1,1‘,2,2‘,3,3‘-tetrathiadiazafulvalene (DC-TAF), the first example of this heterofulvalene system. Ab initio molecular orbital (B3LYP/6-31G**) calculations on prototypal TAF confirm that the closed shell 1Ag state lies 22 kcal mol-1 below the 3Bu diradical triplet. Cyclic voltammetry on DC-TAF reveals two reversible oxidation waves at 0.80 and 1.25 V (in CH3CN, reference SCE). The ESR signal (g = 2.0117) of the radical cation [DC-TAF]+ (in SO2(l)) exhibits a five-line hyperfine coupling pattern with aN = 0.096 mT. DC-TAF forms a series of 1:1 radical ion salts [DC-TAF][X] by electrooxidation in the presence of tetrahedral counterions (X- = BF4-, ClO4-, FSO3-). The crystal structures of these salts are isomorphous, monoclinic space group P21/n, and consist of one-dimensional ladder-like arrays of [DC-TAF]+ radical cations bridged by S- - -S contacts ranging from 3.5 to 3.7 A. Variable-temperature conductivity and ma...
Intercultural communication: building a global community

Students and scholars of intercultural communication will be introduced to a unique way of addressing this subject in the new book by Fay Patel, Mingsheng Li, and Prahalad Sooknanan. True to its ti...
Refining the association between excessive reassurance seeking and depressive symptoms: The role of related interpersonal constructs

Abstract Two studies examined the validity of Joiner and colleagues' (Joiner, Alfano, & Metalsky, 1992) measure of excessive reassurance seeking. These studies specifically examined whether the association between excessive reassurance seeking and depressive symptoms was better accounted for by conceptually related interpersonal variables also known to be associated with depression (e.g., sociotropy, attachment insecurity). Results from cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in college student samples generally supported the validity of excessive reassurance seeking and its association with depressive symptoms. The implications of these findings for the role of excessive reassurance seeking in depressive vulnerability are discussed.
On optimal communication cost for gathering correlated data through wireless sensor networks

In many energy-constrained wireless sensor networks, nodes cooperatively forward correlated sensed data to data sinks. In order to reduce the communication cost (e.g.overall energy) used for data collection, previous works have focused on specific coding schemes, such as Slepian-Wolf Code or Explicit Entropy Code. However, the minimum communication cost under arbitrary coding/routing schemes has not yet been characterized. In this paper, we consider the problem of minimizing the total communication cost of a wireless sensor network with a single sink. We prove that the minimum communication cost can be achieved using Slepian-Wolf Code and Commodity Flow Routing when the link communication cost is a convex function of link data rate. Furthermore, we find it useful to introduce a new metric distance entropy, a generalization of entropy, to characterize the data collection limit of networked sources. When the energy consumption is proportional to the link data rate (e.g.normally in 802.11), we show that distance entropy provides a lower bound of the communication cost and can be achieved by using a specific rate SWC and shortest path routing. Theoretically, achieving optimality may require global knowledge of the data correlation structure, which may not be available in practice. Therefore, we propose a simple, hierarchical scheme that primarily exploits data correlation between local neighboring nodes. We show that for several correlation structures and topologies, the communication cost achieved by this scheme is within a constant factor of the distance entropy, i.e., it is asymptotically optimal. Finally, we simulate our algorithm using radar reffectivity data as well as traces from Gaussian Markov Fields (GMF). As the network size goes large, for the radar data, we find our algorithm saves two thirds of the communication cost compared to a non-coding approach; as for the GMF data, our algorithm converges to a constant factor (1 .5_1.8) the distance entropy.
Genetic differentiation among geographic populations of Gonatocerus ashmeadi, the predominant egg parasitoid of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata.

Abstract The aim of genetically comparing different populations of the same species of natural enemies is to identify the strain that is most adapted to the environment where it will be released. In the present study, Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ISSR–PCR) was utilized to estimate the population genetic structure of Gonatocerus ashmeadi (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), the predominant egg parasitoid of Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Homoptera:Cicadellidae), the glassy-winged sharpshooter. Six populations from throughout the U.S. and a population from Argentina identified as near G. ashmeadi were analyzed. Four populations (California; San Antonio, Texas; Weslaco, Texas [WTX-2]; and Florida) were field collected and two (Louisiana and Weslaco, Texas [WTX-1]) were reared. Three ISSR–PCR reactions were pooled to generate 41 polymorphic markers among the six U.S. populations. Nei's expected heterozygosity values (h), including the reared population from Louisiana, were high (9.01–1...
Quantitative Doppler assessment of valvular regurgitation.

BACKGROUND Quantitation of valvular regurgitation remains a challenge. The accuracy of quantitative Doppler is controversial, and its ability to measure regurgitant volume is unknown; therefore, it is not widely used. METHODS AND RESULTS In 120 patients (20 without regurgitation, 19 with aortic regurgitation, and 81 with mitral regurgitation), the stroke volume through the mitral annulus and left ventricular outflow tract were measured using pulsed-wave Doppler concurrently with left ventricular stroke volume calculated using left ventricular volumes measured by two-dimensional echocardiography Simpson's biapical method. Regurgitant volume and fraction were thus computed using Doppler or ventricular methods. In normal patients there were good correlations between Doppler and left ventricular measurements of stroke volume. Doppler regurgitant volume and fraction were 4.4 +/- 4.4 mL and 5.3 +/- 4.5%, respectively. In patients with aortic regurgitation, there were good correlations between Doppler and left ventricular measurements of stroke volume, regurgitant volume, and regurgitant fraction (r = 0.97, r = 0.95, and r = 0.93, respectively; p < 0.0001). In patients with mitral regurgitation, despite good correlations between Doppler and ventricular methods for stroke volume, regurgitant volume, and regurgitant fraction (r = 0.94, r = 0.93, and r = 0.94, respectively; p < 0.001), these variables were overestimated by Doppler. However, in the last 54 patients compared with the first 27, overestimation decreased significantly for regurgitant volume (5 +/- 10 mL versus 18 +/- 27 mL, p < 0.05) and regurgitant fraction (3.3 +/- 6.7% versus 6.2 +/- 6.8%, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Quantitative Doppler can be performed in large numbers of patients in a clinical laboratory. Its potential limitation was identified as overestimation of mitral regurgitation, which is overcome with increased experience. Its achieved accuracy in mitral and aortic regurgitation allows measurement not only of regurgitant fraction but most importantly of regurgitant volume.
Culture of cells from tissues of adult and larval sea lamprey

Methods were developed for the culture of cells derived from tissues of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Cultures were initiated from gill, liver, muscle and gut from larvae and newly transformed individuals and brain, heart, kidney and ovary from sexually mature adults. The lamprey cells were viable for up to six months in culture and cells from ovary, muscle, gut, gill and liver were propagated for multiple passages. For all cultures except liver, optimal cell attachment and spreading was obtained on surfaces coated with fibronectin and collagen. Optimal liver cell attachment was achieved on basement membrane. Cells synthesizing DNA were detected by precursor incorporation in five week-old cultures derived from adult and larval tissues. Metabolic labeling experiments with [(35)S]-methionine demonstrated that cultures initiated from liver and ovary continued to synthesize and release proteins into the medium for several weeks. Ultrastructural examination revealed the presence of ciliated cells in cultures from brain and the accumulation of lipid in epithelial cells derived from liver and gill.
Listening to Different Voices: Formation of Sanction Beliefs and Taxpaying Norms1

How do people form beliefs about sanctions and norms toward the legal system? Using data from a telephone survey with 1,200 Minnesota adult residents, we examine how income sources that provide an opportunity to avoid official detection shape the amount and sources of communication about IRS enforcement effectiveness. Individuals with economic exchanges that provide the opportunity to cheat without detection received significantly more information about tax issues and IRS enforcement, especially from co-workers. Although both family members and co-workers were major sources of tax information, individuals received more information about IRS enforcement effectiveness from co-workers than from family members. Communication with co-workers lowered the perceived likelihood of IRS detections for overstating deductions, lowered the perceived severity of informal sanctions for tax cheatings, and lowered the perceived fairness of tax laws and positive personal norms toward compliance with tax laws. In contrast, communication with family members enhanced the perceived fairness of tax laws and positive personal norms toward compliance with tax laws. These findings are interpreted in the framework of social comparison theory (Festinger, 1954). We discuss implications for the theory and research on the development of beliefs about enforcement systems and compliance with laws.
Developing regenerable SO2 sorbents for fluidized bed coal combustion using thermogravimetric analysis

Abstract Exxon Research and Engineering Company, funded by the National Science Foundation RANN Program, is using thermogravimetric analysis as the major research tool in a program to develop for fluidized bed coal combustion (FBCC) regenerable SO2 sorbents that are superior to limestone or dolomite. In FBCC, powdered coal is burned in a fluidized bed of limestone and the SO2 produced during combustion reacts with the CaO to form CaSO4. However, only a fraction of the limestone or dolomite reacts (low utilization) and the sulfated limestone is difficult to regenerate because high temperatures (≈ 1100°C) are required and deactivation occurs after repeated cycles of SO2 sorption and regeneration. A DuPont TGA was modified to handle reactive gases. Over 100 tests were made in order to compare the relative abilities of different materials to sorb SO2 and be regenerated. The sample, either in the form of a fine powder or small pellet, was maintained at constant temperature as it reacted in a gas stream of nearly constant composition. Reaction conditions for sulfation were 900°C, one atmosphere pressure and a gas composition of 0.1–0.25%SO2, 5% O2, balance N2. Reaction conditions for regeneration were usually 1100°C, one atmosphere, and 5% CO in nitrogen. Tests were made in which the sample was cycled as many as 50 times between sulfation and regeneration conditions. Conversion of the sample (to sulfate) was determined as a function of time and number of cycles. Candidate sorbents included simple metal oxides, mixed metal oxides (mostly aluminates and titanates), carbonates, composites containing CaO and promoters, and combinations of CaO and cement. All sorbents regenerated much faster than they sulfated. Deactivation was manifested by a decline in the sulfation rate and utilization of the sorbent. Of all materials tested, barium and calcium titanates were unique in that no measurable loss of activity occurred. All other sorbents deactivated to some extent, although many were superior to limestone. Calcium aluminate cement was also promising because it had good activity maintenance and could be made into hard pellets that would resist attrition in a fluidized bed.
Revenue and expense recognition cases developed from the accounting and auditing enforcement releases

Abstract This paper presents four revenue and expense recognition cases to be used in the intermediate accounting sequence. The cases are adapted from Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases, so they are based on real-world situations. Each case requires students to search accounting databases to find the appropriate pronouncements or other accounting guidance. Students must also synthesize the information to provide compelling arguments for their proposed solutions. The cases can help develop critical thinking skills in unstructured environments while reinforcing key financial accounting concepts.
Admission rates of ED patients with transient ischemic attack have increased since 2000.

Abstract Objective A study published in December 2000 showed that 5% of patients presenting with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) developed a stroke within 48 hours. This finding has been corroborated in several other studies. We hypothesize that, influenced by this, emergency department (ED) physicians have been more reluctant to discharge TIA patients resulting in an increase in the percentage of TIA patients admitted. Methods This is a retrospective cohort of consecutive ED visits. This study is conducted in 6 New Jersey EDs with annual ED visits from 25000 to 65000. Consecutive patients seen by ED physicians between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2010, were included. We identified TIA visits using the International Classification of Diseases , Ninth Revision , code. We analyzed the admission rates for TIA testing for significant differences using the Student t test and calculated 95% confidence intervals. Results Of the 2622659 visits in the database, 8216 (0.3%) were for TIA. Females comprised 57%. There was a statistically significant increase in the annual admission rates for TIA patients from 2000 to 2010, from 70% to 91%, respectively (difference, 22%; 95% confidence interval, 18%-26% [ P Conclusions We found that the admission rate for TIAs increased significantly from 2001 to 2010. This change in physicians' practice may be due to the body of evidence that TIA patients have a significant short-term risk of stroke.
Enabling Electronic Healthcare Information Exchange

The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) Metathesaurus enables the standardized representation of healthcare information so that it can be correctly stored, manipulated, retrieved, and exchanged.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone regulation of pituitary follistatin gene expression during the primary follicle-stimulating hormone surge

Follistatin is produced in the gonadotrope and folliculostellate cells of the pituitary gland and is thought to indirectly regulate FSH biosynthesis and secretion through its ability to bind activin. Recent measurements of follistatin gene expression during the rat estrous cycle revealed a marked increase in pituitary follistatin messenger RNA (mRNA) levels at the time of the preovulatory FSH surge. This finding suggests a role for follistatin in the regulation of FSH at this dynamic time of the cycle. The aim of the present study was to identify the hormonal control mechanisms responsible for stimulating follistatin gene expression on proestrus. In particular, the roles of estrogen (E) and GnRH were assessed using an in vivo ovariectomized (OVX) animal model in which steroid priming results in daily gonadotropin surges. Follistatin mRNA and serum FSH levels were unchanged throughout the day in untreated OVX rats. E priming of OVX rats elicited a 2-fold elevation in follistatin mRNA levels between 1600-20...
Decoding the Golay codes

We introduce exceptionally simple decoding algorithms for the two extended Golay codes. The algorithms are based on recent methods of Conway and Curtis of finding the unique blocks containing five points in either the (5,8,24) Steiner system or the (5,6,12) Steiner system. These decoding methods are simple enough to enable decoding extended Golay codes by hand. Both of the methods involve relations between the extended Golay codes and other self-dual codes. Proofs are given explaining these relationships and why the decoding methods work. The decoding algorithms are explained and illustrated with many examples. [3 , chap. 12] has facts about the Mathieu group and some details about decoding the Golay codes.
Preschool Children's Multimodal Word Learning.

Two studies used a new paradigm to examine preschool children's (i.e., 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds) word learning across multiple sense modalities. In Study 1 (n = 60), children heard a word for an object that they touched but did not see, while word learning was examined using objects that were seen but not touched. In Study 2 (n = 60), children heard a word for an object that they saw but did not touch, while word learning was examined using objects that were touched but not seen. Findings from both studies revealed that children were able to learn words by coordinating information across multiple sense modalities and that word learning improved with age. These findings are discussed in terms of E. J. Gibson's differentiation theory (1969, 1988).
Abstract IA16: Dysregulated mTORC1 renders cells critically dependent on desaturated lipids for survival under tumor-like stress

Solid tumors exhibit heterogeneous microenvironments, often characterized by limiting concentrations of oxygen (O2), glucose, and other nutrients. How oncogenic mutations alter stress response pathways, metabolism, and cell survival in the face of these challenges is incompletely understood. Here we report that constitutive mTORC1 activity renders hypoxic cells dependent on exogenous desaturated lipids, as levels of de novo synthesized unsaturated fatty acids are reduced under low O2. Specifically, we demonstrate that hypoxic Tsc2-/- cells deprived of serum lipids exhibit a magnified UPR response, but fail to appropriately expand their ER, leading to IRE1-dependent cell death that can be reversed by the addition of unsaturated lipids. UPR activation and apoptosis were also detected in Tsc2-deficient kidney tumors. Importantly, we observe this phenotype in multiple human cancer lines and suggest that cells committed to unregulated growth within ischemic tumor microenvironments are unable to balance lipid and protein synthesis due to a critical limitation in desaturated lipids. Citation Format: Regina Young, Daniel Ackerman, Zachary Quinn, Anthony Mancuso, Michaela Gruber, Liping Liu, Dionysios Giannoukos, Ekaterina Bobovnikova-Marjon, J. Alan Diehl, Brian Keith, M. Celeste Simon. Dysregulated mTORC1 renders cells critically dependent on desaturated lipids for survival under tumor-like stress. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA16.
Waiting for an echo: the revolution in general equilibrium theory and the paralysis in introductory economics

The current framework for the introductory microeconomics course is predicated on the Invisible Hand lessons of mid-twentieth century General Equilibrium Theory. During the final decades of the century, however, the theory changed. Proofs of the path-dependent instability of general equilibrium, the multiplicity of equilibria and the problem of equilibrium selection, and the failure of asymptotic convergence to the properties of equilibrium (The General Theory of the Second Best) provided a sweeping disconfirmation of the Invisible Hand. This paper argues that these topics are fully teachable, even at the principles level, and that they point toward a new framework for the curriculum in which institutions can reclaim much of the explanatory space now occupied by market analysis.
High-brightness diodes and fiber-coupled modules

We report on continued progress in nLIGHT’s high power and high efficiency single emitter laser diodes from 915 nm to 980 nm range used for industrial and pumping applications. High performance has been demonstrated in nLIGHT’s diode laser technology in this spectral range with peak electrical-to-optical power conversion efficiency of ~65%. These diodes have been incorporated into nLIGHT’s fiber-coupled pump module, elementTM. We have reduced the slow-axis divergence of our brightest diodes by a half at the same operating power. This results primarily from suppression of higher-order lateral modes leading to lower beam-parameter-product at a given power compared to conventional broad area lasers. We have device designs that produce slow axis brightness of up to 4.3 W/mm-mrad which is 48% higher compared to our brightest broad area laser. This paper presents nLIGHT’s most recent improvement in slow-axis brightness resulting from reduced number of allowed modes in the slow-axis in a new broad area laser architecture called reduced-mode diodes (REM-diodes). We will detail the resulting power and brightness improvement along with preliminary reliability assessment of these diodes.
Katrina and Migration: Evacuation and Return by African Americans and Vietnamese Americans in an Eastern New Orleans Suburb

Hurricane Katrina constitutes the most costly natural as well as technology-induced disaster, in terms of both human suffering and financial loss in the history of the United States. Even years later, it continues to profoundly impact the livelihoods and the mental and physical health of those who have experienced evacuation and return and those who have begun lives anew elsewhere. Our study focuses on these geographical processes associated with the Katrina disaster experiences of African Americans and Vietnamese Americans comprising an overwhelming majority (93.4 percent) of residents in a racially mixed pre-Katrina eastern New Orleans neighborhood. We examine the spatial morphology of routes, volumes, and frequencies of evacuees; their return rates and experiences; and rationales and motivations to return or stay. The conceptual framework is based on the disaster migration, place attachment, and social network literature. Both quantitative and qualitative evidence indicates that the evacuation and retu...
Recent extensions to the SimpleScalar tool suite

Over the past eight years, the SimpleScalar Tool suite has become the most widely used set of simulation tools in the computer architecture research community. The authors have recently completed an NSF-funded project to extend and improve the SimpleScalar tools. In this paper, we describe the extensions and improvements to the tools, which include the capability to simulate more instruction sets, graphical support for performance viewing, and more simulators that model different types of machines, including embedded systems, ISA-specific systems, systems with operating system, and multiprocessing systems.