cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reproductive coercion: an under-recognized challenge for primary care patients.

BACKGROUND Reproductive coercion impacts many women of reproductive age. OBJECTIVES We sought to explore how reproductive coercion, including pregnancy coercion and birth control sabotage, impacts women in a primary care population. METHODS We administered a survey to women accessing care at a family medicine clinic in the Bronx, NY. Reproductive coercion was defined as a positive response to at least one of five questions adapted from previous studies. We assessed the association of reproductive and demographic characteristics with a lifetime history of reproductive coercion. RESULTS At least one form of reproductive coercion was reported by 24% of the 97 respondents. Current lack of personal safety and a history of transactional sex for money or a place to stay were significantly associated with having experienced reproductive coercion (all P ≤ 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Reproductive coercion was common among women of reproductive age at this urban family medicine clinic in an underserved community, and was associated with other forms of control and violence. Clinicians are advised to discuss birth control sabotage and pregnancy coercion with their patients.
Systemic Sclerosis and Perceptions of Quality in Primary Care.

Abstract Background Among patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), early recognition of potentially life-threatening organ involvement is critical. Because prompt recognition of early signs of organ involvement can dramatically alter a patient׳s outcome, it is crucial that patients and primary care providers (PCPs) recognize these symptoms. We conducted a survey of patients with SSc regarding their perceptions of the quality of their primary care, and whether or not they perceive the quality of their primary care to be impaired by their scleroderma diagnosis. Materials and Methods A mail survey was sent to 525 patients with SSc seen at the Medical University of South Carolina. Questionnaire items addressed demographics and perceptions of their quality of their primary care. Results Of n = 140 respondents, most (74.5%) did not feel as though their diagnosis of SSc has resulted in barriers to appropriate or satisfactory care, and most (81.3%) answered that they had not ever felt as though their medical concerns were not being addressed because they had SSc. Perceptions of barriers were significantly ( P Conclusions Most patients with SSc value the quality of their primary care. However, some patients with SSc feel that their PCPs do not adequately monitor their blood pressure, reflux symptoms or shortness of breath. These results highlight the importance of PCPs in the overall care of patients with SSc and the need for continued education regarding close monitoring of signs and symptoms suggestive of possible life-threatening internal organ involvement.
Overview of Compilation

Compilers are computer programs that translate a program written in one language into a program written in another language. At the same time, a compiler is a large software system, with many internal components and algorithms and complex interactions between them. Thus, the study of compiler construction is an introduction to techniques for the translation and improvement of programs, and a practical exercise in software engineering. This chapter provides a conceptual overview of all the major components of a modern compiler.
Abstract 15997: The Effect of Combined Statin/Fibrate Therapy on Cardiovascular Disease is Influenced by Sex and Dyslipidemia: ACCORDION-Lipid Long-Term Follow-up

Introduction: In the long-term ACCORD-Lipid trial of 5,518 high risk patients with type 2 diabetes, combined statin+fibrate therapy failed to reduce the composite outcome of nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), nonfatal stroke or cardiovascular (CV) death. Pre-specified subgroup analyses identified heterogeneity in treatment effect according to gender, with a benefit for men and possible harm for women, and possible benefit for patients with both high triglyceride and low HDL-C at baseline. At trial end, 4,644 ACCORD-Lipid Trial participants consented to be followed post-trial in the passive ACCORD Follow-On (ACCORDION) Study. Hypothesis: Does a therapeutic strategy that initially used a fibrate to raise HDL-C/lower triglyceride levels and a statin for treatment of LDL-C for a mean of almost 5 years reduce the long-term (mean 9+ years) risk of major CVD events after 4+ more years of follow-up compared to a strategy that only used a statin for treatment of LDL-C? Results: During about 9 years of follow-up (from ACCORD randomization to the end of ACCORDION), the hazard ratios between participants originally randomized to statin+fibrate versus statin alone were 0.93 (0.83-1.05 95%CI, p=0.25) for the primary outcome (nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke or CV death); 0.94 (0.84 -1.06, p=0.32) for all-cause mortality, 0.93 (0.78-1.10, p=0.37) for nonfatal MI, and 0.84 (0.69-1.01, p=0.07) for cardiovascular mortality. These hazards are similar to those observed during the trial portion of follow-up. The heterogeneity of response for gender and presence of dyslipidemia observed in ACCORD-LIPID continued to be observed after the addition of post-trial events during the extended follow-up period with hazard ratios of 0.84 (0.73-0.96) for men and 1.30 (1.01-17) for women (interaction P=0.003) and 0.73 (0.56-0.95) for dyslipidemic and 0.99 (0.86-1.13) for non-dyslipidemic subgroups (interaction P=0.048). Conclusions: Additional post-trial follow-up of ACCORD participants for a total of about 9 years of total follow-up did not alter the original ACCORD findings that in people with type 2 diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors, long-term treatment with a fibrate+statin (compared to a statin alone) did not reduce the rate of CV events or all-cause mortality.
The recording properties of a multi-contact nerve electrode as predicted by a finite element model of the canine hypoglossal nerve

Most functional electrical stimulation (FES) systems rely only on unidirectional (i.e., efferent) activation of the target organ to yield therapeutic outcomes. For applications involving multi-fasciculated nerves, however, artificial sensors have exhibited limited results. As such, the flat-interface-nerve-electrode (FINE) is presented as a means of obtaining an effective closed-loop control system. To investigate the ability of this electrode to achieve selective recordings at physiological signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), a finite element model (JFEM) of a beagle hypoglossal nerve with an implanted FINE was constructed. Action potentials (AP) were generated at various SNR levels and the performance of the electrode was assessed with a selectivity index (0 /spl les/ SI /spl les/ 1; ability of the electrode to distinguish two active sources). Computer simulations yielded a selective range (0.05 /spl les/ SI /spl les/ 0.76) that was (1) related to the inter-fiber distance and (2) used to predict the minimum inter-fiber distance (0.23 mm /spl les/ d /spl les/ 1.42 mm) required for selective recording. The results of this study suggest that the FINE can record neural activity from a multi-fasciculated nerve and, more importantly, distinguish neural activity from pairs of fascicles at physiologic SNR.
Cationic branched polymers for cellular delivery of negatively charged cargo

Receptor-independent cellular uptake of small molecule therapeutics is limited by their physical interaction with the negatively charged surface of cellular membranes. Passive diffusion through the hydrophobic membrane bilayer follows this process. Unless specific carriers exist in the biological membrane, such interactions limit therapeutics to those that are hydrophobic with modest positive charge at physiological pH. Small negatively charged molecules are therefore not efficient as therapeutics. To enable delivery of such molecules into eukaryotic cells, cationic branched polymers with tetraalkylammonium pendant groups were synthesized by copolymerization of a functional monomer (glycidyl methacrylate) with degradable and non-degradable divinyl crosslinkers in the presence of an efficient chain transfer agent, CBr4, followed by reaction of the multiple pendant epoxide groups and most of the alkyl bromide chain ends with amines. Cationic branched polymers with covalently attached fluorescent labels entered human cancerous and non-cancerous cells. The non-labeled analogues were able to carry anionic cargo (carboxyfluorescein) into the cells, while no uptake was observed in the absence of the cationic carriers. Most of the polymers were not significantly toxic at the concentrations used. This pilot study showed that cellular uptake of anionic small molecules can be promoted even in the absence of natural uptake mechanisms.
Social Relationships and Salivary Telomere Length Among Middle-Aged and Older African American and White Adults.

OBJECTIVES A common mechanism underlying premature morbidity may be accelerated biological aging as reflected by salivary telomere length (STL). This study examined the extent to which social relationships, both positive and negative, can be protective or confer risk relative to biological aging. METHOD Data from the Health and Retirement Study and multiple regression were used to examine cross-sectional associations between STL, self-reported social support, and negative interaction (e.g., conflict, criticism) with family in a nationally representative sample of African American and non-Hispanic White middle-aged and older adults (N = 4,080). RESULTS Social support from family was associated with shorter STL. Negative interaction with family had no main effect on STL but interactions characterized by high social support and more frequent negative interactions were associated with longer STL. Negative interaction with family was negatively associated with STL for African Americans and Whites but the magnitude of the effect was greater for African Americans. DISCUSSION Study findings highlight the role of social relationships in physiological deterioration among middle-aged and older adults and identify a potential mechanism whereby race is linked to accelerated biological aging. Findings highlight the importance of considering positive and negative aspects of social relationships to understand the consequences of social connections for cellular aging in diverse populations.
Effect of a rule change on concussions and other injuries in professional baseball

Objective To evaluate the hypothesis that a rule change can lower the incidence of concussions and other injuries in professional baseball. Design Retrospective review of professional baseball’s electronic medical record system. All Minor (MiLB) and Major League Baseball (MLB) teams are required to use this system. Setting Five full MiLB and MLB seasons in the United States and Canada. Participants All players in MiLB and MLB were included. The 30 MLB clubs have 750 active players and play 162 games per season. MiLB has approximately 7500 active players on 200 teams that play 56-144 games annually. Intervention Before the 2014 season, MLB instituted a rule limiting home plate collisions between base runners and catchers. Outcome measures All concussions and other injuries at home plate from 2011 to 2015 were analysed by mechanism and player position. Main results From 2011-2013, an annual average of 117 injuries occurred at home plate in both MiLB and MLB, with an average of 4823 days lost annually. An average of 13 concussions occurred annually in both MiLB and MLB. Following the rule change, in 2014-2015 there was an annual average of 60 home plate injuries with 1592 days lost. There were 6 MiLB home plate concussions in 2014 and none in 2015. There were no home plate concussions in MLB in 2014-2015 (p=0.07). MiLB and MLB combined for approximately 660,000 athlete exposures per season. Conclusions This rule change was associated with a strong trend toward reduced concussions and other injuries at home plate. Competing interests Mr. D’Angelo and Mr. Coyles are employed by Major League Baseball. Dr. Green receives payment from Major League Baseball for his role as Medical Director. Dr. Valadka is a paid consultant to Major League Baseball. The authors have no other disclosures to report.
Passage, Flow, and the Logic of Temporal Perspectives

In this paper, an attempt is made to inject a little formal precision into the discussion of passage. Instead of focusing on the quality of temporal experience, we talk about the content, and we argue that a good many of the issues can be resolved with an examination of the logic of temporal perspectives.
Controlled capacitive gaps for electrostatic actuation and tuning of 3D fused quartz micro wineglass resonator gyroscope

In this paper, we present the assembly process and an electrostatic actuation, detection, and tuning method of micro-glassblown wineglass resonators using an out-of-plane electrode architecture with controlled uniform capacitive gaps. This process is developed based on wafer-level deposition of a sacrificial layer on planar electrodes wafer to achieve a uniform electrostatic gap (<5µm). The materials, bonding type, etch selectivity, temperature and vacuum compatibility of the process are considered in the assembly process of the micro-glassblown fused quartz shell resonators. Tuning the frequency mismatch between two orthogonal (n=2) in-plane wineglass modes is demonstrated experimentally on a 7 mm micro-glassblown wineglass resonator using the out-of-plane electrodes. An open-loop rate response is demonstrated using out-of-plane capacitive actuation and detection. The proposed process enables a low-cost assembly with a high transduction efficiency toward wafer-scale fabrication of micro 3D wineglass gyroscopes.
Analytical thermal stress model for a typical flip-chip (FC) package design

A simple analytical thermal stress model is suggested for a typical flip-chip (FC) lidded package design. The model is based on the concept of the interfacial compliance. The addressed design consists of a silicon FC bonded to an organic substrate and covered by a lid. The lid is configured in such a way that its mid-portion is bonded to the back side of the chip using a thermal interface material (a heat sink is intended to be subsequently mounted on the outer surface of the lid) and the lid’s peripheral portions are adhesively bonded to the same substrate using compliant attachments around the lid’s perimeter. A copper lid and a (hypothetical) organic lid are considered to develop a general feeling of the possible stress relief that could be expected if an organic lid is employed. The in-plane compliances of all the attachments, including the effective compliance of the encapsulated solder joint interconnections, are taken into account. A numerical example shows how the model could be used in practical computations. It shows also that the application of an organic lid, although is less attractive from the standpoint of the thermal management of the design, might result in appreciably lower thermal stresses. This is true for both the normal stresses in the chip’s cross-sections and the maximum interfacial shearing stresses at the chip’s ends. The developed model can be employed in the analysis of a FC package design of the type in question. Future work should include FEA verifications, and the suggested analytical stress model can be of help when developing a FEA preprocessing simulation model.
Increasing physical activity for adults with autism spectrum disorder: Comparing in-person and technology delivered praise

Abstract Background/aims/methods While there are many benefits to regular engagement in physical activity, individuals with autism spectrum disorder often do not engage in healthy levels of physical activity. The purpose of this study was to compare praise delivered through multiple means on increasing engagement in physical activity for individuals with autism spectrum disorder. A single-case alternating treatment design was used to compare two conditions for delivering praise statements, in-person and through technology, for three young adults with autism spectrum disorder and accompanying intellectual disability. Procedures/outcomes The study consisted of training; baseline, comparison, best-treatment, thinning, and generalization phases; and social validity interviews. For each session, data were collected on the number of laps completed, duration, and resting/ending heart rates. Results/conclusions The number of laps completed increased for all participants during intervention, however, results were mixed regarding the more effective and preferred condition. Participants who excelled in the technology condition also maintained performance levels when praise statements were thinned and generalized performance to a new setting. Implications Praise statements can be used to increase levels of physical activity in young adults with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Exposing individuals to multiple conditions can impact their preferred method for receiving support.
Position of the Hip in Yoga.

Abstract Background Yoga is growing in popularity as a form of exercise throughout the world. Orthopedic patients participate in yoga, yet little is known about the ranges-of-motion of the hip within various yoga poses. Orthopedic surgeons are unsure about what potential positions their patients are placing their hips during a yoga practice. The aim of this study is to quantify the degree of hip motion with common yoga poses. Methods Twenty healthy, regular practitioners of yoga performed 11 different yoga poses in a standardized fashion. Motion analysis was used to capture range-of-motion of the hip during each pose. Results Many yoga poses put the hip in extremes of motion. Poses such as downward dog, forward fold, seated twist, and pigeon stressed the hip in flexion. Warrior 1, warrior 2, crescent lunge, pigeon, and triangle stressed the hip in extension. Eagle and seated twist put the hip in higher adduction, while half moon, eagle, and triangle produced more hip internal rotation. Conclusion Many poses were found to reach extremes of hip motion. This study may help guide the orthopedic surgeon in counseling hip arthroplasty and hip impingement patients about yoga-related activity. By knowing which poses potentially stress the hip in particular planes of motion, surgeons may better inform their patients who are returning to yoga after injury or surgery.
Basic Concepts and Definitions

Generally speaking, a stochastic or random process (in this book both terms will be used in an equivalent sense) is a family of random variables defined on a common probability space, indexed by the elements of an ordered set T, which is called the parameter set. Most often, T is taken to be an interval of time and the random variable indexed by an element t ∈ T is said to describe the state of the process at time t.
A Review of Abomasal Ulcers in Beef Calves

Abomasal ulcers are an economic concern for the calf raising industries. Many factors have been attributed to the development of ulcers, such as coarse feed, environmental stress, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, and bacterial infections. However, unlike human ulcers no one factor has been proven to have a significant relationship to abomasal ulcers in calves. Therefore, management of this disease and prevention of losses is limited to theoretical control of many known inciting causes.
Legal aspects of interaction of public organizations with local self-government bodies

The article deals with the basic legal acts defining the procedural aspects of the interaction of local self-government bodies with non-governmental organizations. Particular attention is paid to the coverage of international acts ratified by Ukraine and regulates the issues of such cooperation. The article highlights the dependence of the development of local self-government on the civil and political activity of the population. A detailed study of problems in the relationship of local self-government with citizens, associations of citizens, mass media and other civil society institutions has been formulated, proposals have been formulated to improve the solution of identified problems. As a result of the research, the author concluded that the main problem on the way of democratization of the national legislation of Ukraine is the inactive and ineffective participation of the public in the formation and implementation of state policy. The European Convention on Human Rights determines that the state must ensure the right of citizens to participate in the management of public affairs in order to establish a democratic and legal society, however, there are no mechanisms established by law for such participation. Investigation of the existing regulatory framework in Ukraine to ensure basic legal guarantees of citizens’ participation in the development and implementation of management decisions by local self-government bodies proves that not only these guarantees are not detailed, but also none of the existing normative acts establish clear procedures for ensuring the rights of citizens from the bodies of local self-government information regarding the issues discussed and regulated by these bodies, adopted regulatory acts, projects and mechanisms for the adoption of achymyh decisions for society. The article contains a number of concrete proposals for solving the problems of forming the basis of cooperation between local self-government bodies, the legal regulation of control and supervision activities in the field of local self-government, conflict resolution between local self-government bodies and civil society organizations, improvement of legal regulation of liability for non-compliance with legislation on civil cooperation society with local self-government bodies.
How do we bridge the gap? persistent differences in the preoperative experience for patients with gynecologic cancer treated at a public hospital.

e17074Background: Disparities in the treatment of patients (pts) with gynecologic cancer (ca) are well-documented. In 2016, we published our experience with structural barriers present preoperative...
Increasing Family Mathematics Play Interactions Through a Take-Home Math Bag Intervention

This research study begins to explore how a take-home bag intervention (Project MathPack) focused on early childhood mathematics can potentially increase family mathematics play interaction...
Extended Abstract: Lifelong Path Planning with Kinematic Constraints for Multi-Agent Pickup and Delivery

The Multi-Agent Pickup and Delivery (MAPD) problem models applications where a large number of agents attend to a stream of incoming pickup-and-delivery tasks. Token Passing (TP) is a recent MAPD algorithm that is efficient and effective. We make TP even more efficient and effective by using a novel combinatorial search algorithm, called Safe Interval Path Planning with Reservation Table (SIPPwRT), for single-agent path planning. SIPPwRT uses an advanced data structure that allows for fast updates and lookups of the current paths of all agents in an online setting. The resulting MAPD algorithm TP-SIPPwRT takes kinematic constraints of real robots into account directly during planning, computes continuous agent movements with given velocities that work on non-holonomic robots rather than discrete agent movements with uniform velocity, and is complete for well-formed MAPD instances. We demonstrate its benefits for automated warehouses using both an agent simulator and a standard robot simulator. For example, we demonstrate that it can compute paths for hundreds of agents and thousands of tasks in seconds and is more efficient and effective than existing MAPD algorithms that use a post-processing step to adapt their paths to continuous agent movements with given velocities. This paper was published at AAAI 2019.
“Trying to predict the future”: third-generation activity theory’s codesign orientation

In the 1980s, Yrjo Engestrom took up Leontiev’s activity theory, extending and modifying it extensively to apply it to learning in organizations. Whereas the work of Vygotsky and Leontiev represent...
Arthroscopic débridement has similar 30-day complications compared with open arthrotomy for the treatment of native shoulder septic arthritis: a population-based study

Hypothesis This study aimed to determine whether there are significant differences in 30-day perioperative complications between arthroscopic and open debridement (irrigation and debridement [I&D]) for septic arthritis (SA) of the shoulder using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Methods Patients undergoing arthroscopic or open I&D of the native shoulder from 2006-2016 were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Those with a diagnosis of SA were included in the study. Patients with a concurrent diagnosis of osteomyelitis around shoulder (n = 25) or polyarthritis (n = 2) were excluded from the study. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and complications were compared between the groups. Poisson regression, which controlled for age and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, was used to calculate the relative risks with 95% confidence intervals for minor adverse events, serious adverse events, total adverse events, and unplanned reoperations between the 2 treatment groups, with significance set at P Results Overall, 147 and 57 patients underwent arthroscopic and open I&D, respectively, for SA of the shoulder. Patients in the open I&D group were more likely to be smokers (P = .0213), whereas patients in the arthroscopy group had higher ASA scores (P = .0008). After controlling for age and ASA score, we found no significant differences in the risk of minor adverse events (P = .0995), serious adverse events (P = .2241), total adverse events (P = .1871), or unplanned reoperations (P = .3855). Conclusion Arthroscopic debridement appears to be a safe alternative to open debridement for SA of the native shoulder. The incidence and risk of 30-day perioperative complications are similar after arthroscopic and open I&D for SA of the shoulder.
Insights into CO2 Adsorption in M–OH Functionalized MOFs

A series of benzotriazolate MOFs containing nucleophilic transition metal hydroxide (M–OH) groups have been synthesized to compare the effects of framework structure, metal composition, and method ...
Safety in Pediatric Hospice and Palliative Care: A Qualitative Study.

Introduction Patient safety is extensively studied in both adults and pediatric medicine; however, knowledge is limited regarding particular safety events in pediatric hospice and palliative care (HPC). Additionally, pediatric HPC lacks a unified definition of safe care. This qualitative study sought to explore caregiver views regarding safe care in pediatric HPC. Methods This is a secondary analysis of qualitative data from a multisite study utilizing semistructured interview data to evaluate parental perspectives of quality in pediatric home-based HPC programs across 3 different pediatric tertiary care hospitals. Eligible participants included parents and caregivers of children who were enrolled in a pediatric home-based hospice and palliative care program (HBHPC) from 2012 to 2016. The analysis was done using grounded theory methodology. Results Forty-three parents participated in 39 interviews across all 3 sites; 19 families were bereaved. Responses to the prompt regarding safe care produced 8 unique domains encompassing parental definitions of safe care in pediatric HPC. Discussion Parents of children in HPC programs describe "safe care" in novel ways, some of which echo Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The use of traditional hospital safety measures for patients receiving HPC could undermine the patient's goals or dignity, ultimately leading to harm to the patient. Concluding summary Patients' and families' unique goals and values must be considered when defining safety for children in this population. Future studies should continue to explore family perspectives of safety in the hospital and ambulatory settings and seek to identify measurable indicators in safety which are truly patient- and family-centered.
Validation of the VITAMIN-B6 and BUGLE-96 cross-section libraries for moderate-energy neutron and photon transport calculations

Newly produced multigroup cross-section libraries require detailed testing to ensure that they are suitable for the applications intended. This requires that the libraries be tested against approve...
From Hetch Hetchy to the Cuyahoga: How Rivers Shaped the American Environmental Movement

Rivers are common natural features through which the environment is experienced. They provide important economic benefits to society, and the spatial organization of watersheds makes them uniquely ...
Moisture Content of Bacterial Cells Determines Thermal Resistance of Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis PT 30.

ABSTRACT Salmonella spp. are resilient bacterial pathogens in low-moisture foods. There has been a general lack of understanding of critical factors contributing to the enhanced thermal tolerance of Salmonella spp. in dry environments. In this study, we hypothesized that the moisture content (XW) of bacterial cells is a critical intrinsic factor influencing the resistance of Salmonella spp. to thermal inactivation. We selected Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis PT 30 to test this hypothesis. We first produced viable freeze-dried S. Enteritidis PT 30, conditioned the bacterial cells to different XWs (7.7, 9.2, 12.4, and 15.7 g water/100 g dry solids), and determined the thermal inactivation kinetics of those cells at 80°C. The results show that the D-value (the time required to achieve a 1-log reduction) decreased exponentially with increasing XW. We further measured the water activities (aw) of the freeze-dried S. Enteritidis PT 30 as influenced by temperatures between 20 and 80°C. By using those data, we estimated the XW of S. Enteritidis PT 30 from the published papers that related the D-values of the same bacterial strain at 80°C with the aw of five different food and silicon dioxide matrices. We discovered that the logarithmic D-values of S. Enteritidis PT 30 in all those matrices also decreased linearly with increasing XW of the bacterial cells. The findings suggest that the amount of moisture in S. Enteritidis PT 30 is a determining factor of its ability to resist thermal inactivation. Our results may help future research into fundamental mechanisms for thermal inactivation of bacterial pathogens in dry environments. IMPORTANCE This study established a logarithmic relationship between the thermal death time (D-value) of S. Enteritidis PT 30 and the moisture content (XW) of the bacterial cells by conducting thermal inactivation tests on freeze-dried S. Enteritidis PT 30. We further verified this relationship using literature data for S. Enteritidis PT 30 in five low-moisture matrices. The findings suggest that the XW of S. Enteritidis PT 30, which is rapidly adjusted by microenvironmental aw, or relative humidity, during heat treatments, is the key intrinsic factor determining the thermal resistance of the bacterium. The quantitative relationships reported in this study may help guide future designs of industrial thermal processes for the control of S. Enteritidis PT 30 or other Salmonella strains in low-moisture foods. Our findings highlight a need for further fundamental investigation into the role of water in protein denaturation and the accumulation of compatible solutes during thermal inactivation of bacterial pathogens in dry environments.
Optimal overall treatment time for adjuvant therapy for women with completely resected, node-positive vulvar cancer.

Abstract Introduction The optimal overall treatment time (OTT) from radical surgery to the end of adjuvant radiation therapy for some squamous cell carcinomas has been found to impact treatment outcomes. This study aims to identify the impact of OTT on overall survival (OS) for women with completely resected, node-positive squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva. Materials and methods The National Cancer Data Base was queried for women with surgically resected, node-positive vulvar squamous cell carcinomas between 2004 and 2016 who were treated with adjuvant radiation therapy. Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards tests were utilized for OS calculations. Results A total of 1500 women met inclusion criteria. The median OTT was 104 days. Shorter OTT was associated with age, facility volume, private insurance, and duration of post-operative hospitalization. Median OS with OTT ≤ 104 days was 56.1 months vs 45.4 months if ≥105 days (p = 0.015). On multivariable Cox analysis, OTT was independently associated with an increased risk of death of 0.4% per additional day (95%CI 1.001–1.007, p = 0.003), as were age at diagnosis (HR 1.031 [95%CI 1.024–1.037], p Conclusion Overall treatment time is an independent risk factor for death in women being treated with adjuvant radiation therapy following complete resection of node-positive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva.
94 Ultrasound-guided botox injections for abdominal musculature relaxation to facilitate large ventral hernia closure

Background and Aims We present a case of regional anesthesiologists using ultrasound-guidance to strategically place Botox injections into the abdominal musculature to facilitate closure of a large ventral hernia. A male patient with complex abdominal surgical history that had previously failed abdominal wall reconstruction was scheduled for a reattempt at ventral wall closure and the surgeon consulted anesthesiology for Botox injections. Methods Three weeks before the surgery, the patient presented to anesthesiology. His abdominal girth was measured at the umbilicus while relaxing(88.5cm) and while contracting(97cm) his musculature. Measurement of his defect across the umbilicus by palpation was 16cm. After monitors, IV placement and sedation the patient received Botox injections. Under ultrasound-guidance we identified three muscle layers; external oblique, internal oblique and transverse abdominis. We choose three sites per side for injection; a superior, middle and inferior site. Using a 22g Pajunk needle we placed 8 ml of Botox 2U/ml per muscle layer for a total of 300 units of Botox. The patient tolerated the procedure well. Results At the time of surgery, the patient’s abdominal girth at the umbilicus with relaxation was(91cm) and contraction(105cm). Palpation of the hernia was measured at the umbilicus at 19cm. Demonstrating relaxation of abdominal musculature. The patient proceeded to surgery with successful closure. Conclusions As the technological advances in ultrasound have advanced so has ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia and the role of the regional anesthesiologist. We bring forward this case report as an example of regional anesthesiologists’ expertise being utilized outside the traditional setting to facilitate better outcomes for surgical patients.
Strain Induced Exciton Absorption Shift WS2 Monolayer Integrated Photodetector

We demonstrate the effect of local non-homogeneous strain on WS2 monolayer integrated on a SiN photonic waveguide showing a strong spectral responsivity (80mA/W) at exciton wavelength (620nm) and shift of ~10nm in photodetector device.
Cognitive Basis for Language Evolution in Nonhuman Primates

To address which aspects of the language faculty are uniquely human, it is necessary to use nonhuman animals as an investigative tool. Here we showcase the power of this approach by summarizing recent developments that address different subcomponents of the language faculty, including especially the mechanisms for speech perception, the capacity for reference, and the ability to extract syntactical structure. We conclude that the perceptual mechanisms underlying speech processing are largely homologous with more general auditory mechanisms found in other animals, while key aspects of reference and syntax are found only in humans.
Limbal fibroblast conditioned media: A non-invasive treatment for limbal stem cell deficiency

Purpose: Limbal fibroblasts are known to regulate the maintenance and differentiation of the corneal epithelium including the limbal epithelial stem cells. This study examined the effect of limbal fibroblast conditioned media in a mouse model of limbal stem cell deficiency. Methods: Limbal stem cell deficiency was created in C57/Bl6 mice by performing a limbus to limbus epithelial debridement. The mice were treated topically for 3 weeks with conditioned media derived from human limbal fibroblasts. The control mice were treated with skin fibroblast conditioned media or Dulbecco’s serum-free medium. Results: The mice treated with limbal fibroblast conditioned media demonstrated substantial growth of corneal type epithelial cells on the corneal surface with less conjunctival goblet cells. By contrast, the control treated corneas were found to be covered primarily by conjunctival type epithelium. Conclusions: Cell culture media conditioned by limbal fibroblasts appear to contain factor(s) that are therapeutically beneficial in a model of limbal stem cell deficiency. The current results further support the notion that the essential limbal stem cell niche is provided by limbal fibroblasts and suggest a new, non-invasive option in the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency.
Development of a Three-Component Sexually Transmitted Diseases Attitude Scale

A summated-rating scale of the Likert-type was constructed to measure the cognitive, affective, and conative components of young adults' attitudes toward sexually transmitted diseases (STD). A table of specifications was developed to include a subscale for each of the three attitude components with conceptual emphasis including the Nature of STD, Prevention of STD, and Treatment of STD. After extensive item development, three experimental forms of 45 items each (15 items per subscale) were administered to a large sample of undergraduate college students to gather evidence of item function. Then a scale reduced to the best 45 items was administered to a small sample of high school students. Analysis of this administration produced a 33-item scale having 11 items per subscale. This scale was given to 2,980 secondary school students in six school districts in the midwestern and eastern section of the United States. Statistical analysis produced a final scale of 27 items, with 9 items for each subscale. Resul...
B-cell subsets responsive to fluorescein-conjugated antigens: I. Sensitivity to anti-IgD, tolerance, and cross-priming

Abstract B-cell subsets responsive to different molecular forms of the same hapten, fluorescein (FL), have been characterized in terms of their sensitivity to anti-IgD inhibition, and tolerance. The PFC responses to putative T-cell independent antigens, such as FL-lipopolysaccharide, FL-purified protein derivative, and FL-Ficoll, are inhibitable by allo-anti-δ, whereas the FL-polymerized flagellin and FL- Brucella abortus responses were not. Sensitivity to tolerance induction only partially correlated with anti-δ sensitivity, but not with T-cell independence. Thus, while the presence of IgD may signify a mature, relatively tolerance-resistant stage in a major lineage of B cells, possession of IgD, per se , does not appear to be directly responsible for the resistance to tolerogenesis which develops during ontogeny. In the presence of anti-δ and the appropriate concentration of FL- Ficoll, a form of “tolerance” may be induced in the FL-lipopolysaccharide subset. Interestingly, a low concentration of FL-Ficoll “primed” all subsets for a subsequent augmented PFC response. The latter effect was not anti-δ sensitive and suggests that antigen-IgM interaction (rather than with IgD or PBAs) is sufficient to cause B-cell expansion. Our results further substantiate the existence of B-cell subsets but indicate that stimulation to division may be elicited in all subpopulations by a single FL-antigen.
Understanding agri-food networks as social relations

Actor network theory and supply chainmanagement theory provide suggestive researchdirections for understanding regional agri-foodnetworks. These theories claim that relationshipsbased upon trust and cooperation are critical to thestrength and vitality of the network. This means thatexploring and detailing these relationships among thesuppliers, producers, workers, processors, brokers,wholesalers, and retailers within specific regionalgeographies of these networks are critical forfurthering cooperation and trust. Key areas ofcooperation include resource sharing andapprenticeship programs. Employing food networks as akey unit of contextual analysis will deepen ourunderstanding of how to enhance their resiliency andvibrancy. Important questions can be raised about thedifference gender makes for farmers, brokers,entrepreneurs, and workers in local food networks.
C-Miner: Mining Block Correlations in Storage Systems

Block correlations are common semantic patterns in storage systems. These correlations can be exploited for improving the effectiveness of storage caching, prefetching, data layout and disk scheduling. Unfortunately, information about block correlations is not available at the storage system level. Previous approaches for discovering file correlations in file systems do not scale well enough to be used for discovering block correlations in storage systems. In this paper, we propose C-Miner, an algorithm which uses a data mining technique called frequent sequence mining to discover block correlations in storage systems. C-Miner runs reasonably fast with feasible space requirement, indicating that it is a practical tool for dynamically inferring correlations in a storage system. Moreover, we have also evaluated the benefits of block correlation-directed prefetching and data layout through experiments. Our results using real system workloads show that correlation-directed prefetching and data layout can reduce average I/O response time by 12-25% compared to the base case, and 7-20% compared to the commonly used sequential prefetching scheme.
"That matter which ought not to be heard of": homophobic slurs in Renaissance cultural politics.

Starting with a poem for which the Reformed theologian Theodore de Beze was attacked as a sodomite, this essay studies the nature of homophobic slurs leveled by Catholics against Protestants and by Protestants against Catholics in the period following the Reformation. More than just incidental attacks, slurs by such writers as Henri Estienne, John Bale, and John Jewel are found to be an integral part of a mythology that validated Protestantism in general and the English church in particular. But occasionally they are also used by Catholics as, for instance, by Jerome Bolsec against Beze and Gaspar Schoppe against King James I. Largely ignored by church historians, such slurs are shown to be part of an archaeology of homophobia.
THE URGE TO JUDGE

Post‐1989 debates about intellectuals and communism in Poland have focused on intellectuals’ failure to oppose a system which sought to make them the objects of its cultural policy and on the extent to which they were therefore responsible for the communist system and its abuses. This article surveys these debates, tracing participants’ urge to judge intellectuals who failed to fulfil their longstanding “obligation” to serve as the nation’s defenders, heroically resisting authoritarian rule in all its guises. It also discusses the early postwar actions and images of Polish painter Jonasz Stern, arguing that Stern’s simultaneous support of and resistance against the communist regime complicates – and perhaps dooms – retrospective efforts to morally judge intellectuals and their responsibility for communism.
A Sustainable City For The Career Woman

Historically, cities have been friendly places for women, especially single women, and in cities like New York and Boston, women have outnumbered men. Women’s movements, indeed feminism itself, owe their beginnings to the stimulus of the urban environment. Research shows that it is in cities that women begin to move up the career ladder. But, when women have children they often move to the suburbs because they and their spouses conclude that cities are poor places to raise children: they are dangerous and dirty, with poor schools and inadequate child care support systems. Once children arrive, women pick up most of the housekeeping and child care burdens. Research shows that women’s isolation in the suburbs, distance from work, and the obligations of childcare cause them to leave the workforce or land on something called the “mommy track,” now recognized as too often a road to career oblivion. But what if the cities were liveable and clean, with parks for children to play in, with safe and inviting neighbourhoods, good schools and all of the community supports that can come with urban density? What if women could benefit from the synergies of living near their professional peers, or being near women with similar career goals and challenges? Recent developments in urban planning for sustainability in the US, have and will have an impact on women’s lives, especially career women with children for whom sustainable cities may offer the most clear path yet for successfully combining family and work. Also cities may become more sustainable in economic, social and environmental terms when women, building careers and raising families in cities, become part of the process as sustainable cities are developed.
What Women with Breast Cancer Discuss with Clinicians about Risk for Their Adolescent Daughters

Recorded conversations between women undergoing BRCA genetic counseling with clinicians (N = 16) and follow-up consultation letters (N = 16) were analyzed to determine how and when communicating genetic risk information to women's adolescent daughters is discussed. Themes from conversations included mothers' worries about their daughters, perceptions of their daughters' coping, educational information, and clinicians' willingness or reluctance to communicate directly with daughters about their genetic risk. Letters referred to daughters when informing mothers about autosomal dominant inheritance patterns, psychosocial considerations, and screening recommendations. Results inform the value of educating mothers about how they might discuss these issues with their adolescent daughters.
Platelet size and function in ischaemic heart disease.

Summary Platelet size and function have been studied in 192 subjects in equally-sized and carefully-matched groups of controls and patients with either acute or chronic ischaemic heart disease. The data were analysed by computer to determine significant correlations. The platelets of subjects who have recently suffered acute myocardial necrosis are larger than those of control subjects and they respond less well and more slowly to ADP. They do not differ in numbers nor in behaviour at glass surfaces. The platelets of subjects with chronic ischaemic heart disease have properties intermediate between those of the acutely ill subjects and controls. As the healing of myocardial necrosis proceeds, these platelet abnormalities progressively reduce. The changes are insufficiently large to be of value in individual clinical diagnosis. Adhesive platelets are smaller than non-adhesive platelets, but this difference is much more marked in control than in diseased subjects. We have not shown any differences between platelets that aggregate with ADP and those which do not.
Diffusive Edge Enhancement in Imaging

Abstract A quantitative theory of the effect of diffusion on images of a bounded region in the fast- and slow-exchange regimes is presented. In the fast-exchange regime, the image is motionally narrowed to a simple peaked shape, independent of the shape of the object. The peak is Gaussian for phase encoding and Lorentzian for frequency encoding. In the slow-exchange regime, it is shown that edge enhancement of images is expected, for both phase and frequency encoding. For frequency encoding, the shape of the edge peaks is Lorentzian at long echo times and an "asymmetric Lorentzian" for short echo times. Some features of the edge peaks for phase encoding can be understood in terms of simple properties of random walks.