cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Replication and Transmission of Live Attenuated Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) Vaccines

The aim of this study was to evaluate the replication of live attenuated infectious laryngotracheitis virus vaccines in selected tissues and their ability to transmit to contact-exposed birds. Four-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were eye drop-inoculated with tissue culture origin (TCO) and chicken embryo origin (CEO) vaccines. Contact-exposed chickens were housed in direct contact with eye drop-inoculated chickens from the first day postinoculation. Virus isolation and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the presence of live virus and viral DNA, respectively, in the trachea, trigeminal ganglia, eye conjunctiva, cecal tonsils, and cloaca from eye drop-inoculated and contact-exposed birds at days 2, 4, 5 to 10, 14, 18, 21, 24, and 28 postinoculation. No differences were observed in the ability of the TCO and CEO vaccines to replicate in the examined tissues. Both vaccines presented a localized replication in the eye conjunctiva and the trachea. Both vaccines were capable of transmitting to contact-exposed birds, attaining peaks of viral DNA as elevated as those observed in inoculated birds. The CEO vaccine replicated faster and reached higher viral genome copy number than the TCO vaccine in the conjunctiva and trachea of eye drop-inoculated and contact-exposed birds. The viral DNA from both vaccines migrated to the trigeminal ganglia during early stages of infection. Although the CEO and TCO vaccines were not recovered from the cecal tonsils and the cloaca, low levels of viral DNA were detected at these sites during the peak of viral replication in the upper respiratory tract.
Fast l/sub 1/ minimization for genomewide analysis of mRNA lengths

Application of the virtual northern method to human mRNA allows us to systematically measure transcript length on a genome-wide scale [1]. Characterization of RNA transcripts by length provides a measurement which complements cDNA sequencing. We have robustly extracted the lengths of the transcripts expressed by each gene for comparison with the Unigene, Refseq, and H-Invitational databases [2, 3]. Obtaining an accurate probability for each peak requires performing multiple bootstrap simulations, each involving a deconvolution operation which is equivalent to finding the sparsest non-negative solution of an underdetermined system of equations. This process is computationally intensive for a large number of simulations and genes. In this contribution we present an efficient approximation method which is faster than general purpose solvers by two orders of magnitude, and in practice reduces our processing time from a week to hours.
A Switch in Pathogenic Mechanism in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in IFN-γ–Inducible Lysosomal Thiol Reductase-Free Mice

IFN-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is an enzyme located in the Lamp-2-positive compartments of APC. GILT(-/-) mice are phenotypically normal, but their T cells exhibit reduced proliferation to several exogenously administered Ags that include cysteine residues and disulfide bonds. We undertook the present studies to determine if GILT(-/-) mice would process exogenously administered myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), which contains disulfide bonds, to generate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) to the endogenous protein. One possibility was that MOG(35-55) peptide would induce EAE, but that MOG protein would not. GILT(-/-) mice were relatively resistant to MOG(35-55)-induced EAE but slightly more susceptible to rat MOG protein-induced EAE than wild-type (WT) mice. Even though MOG(35-55) was immunogenic in GILT(-/-) mice, GILT APCs could not generate MOG(35-55) from MOG protein in vitro, suggesting that the endogenous MOG protein was not processed to the MOG(35-55) peptide in vivo. Immunization of GILT(-/-) mice with rat MOG protein resulted in a switch in pathogenic mechanism from that seen in WT mice; the CNS infiltrate included large numbers of plasma cells; and GILT(-/-) T cells proliferated to peptides other than MOG(35-55). In contrast to WT rat MOG-immunized mice, rat MOG-immunized GILT(-/-) mice generated Abs that transferred EAE to MOG(35-55)-primed GILT(-/-) mice, and these Abs bound to oligodendrocytes. These studies, demonstrating the key role of a processing enzyme in autoimmunity, indicate that subtle phenotypic changes have profound influences on pathogenic mechanisms and are directly applicable to the outbred human population.
Regulation of Tryptophan Operon Expression in the Archaeon Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus

Conserved trp genes encode enzymes that catalyze tryptophan biosynthesis in all three biological domains, and studies of their expression in Bacteria and eukaryotes have revealed a variety of different regulatory mechanisms. The results reported here provide the first detailed description of an archaeal trp gene regulatory system. We have established that the trpEGCFBAD operon in Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus is transcribed divergently from a gene (designated trpY) that encodes a tryptophan-sensitive transcription regulator. TrpY binds to TRP box sequences (consensus, TGTACA) located in the overlapping promoter regions between trpY and trpE, inhibiting trpY transcription in the absence of tryptophan and both trpY and trpEGCFBAD transcription in the presence of tryptophan. TrpY apparently inhibits trpY transcription by blocking RNA polymerase access to the site of trpY transcription initiation and represses trpEGCFBAD transcription by preventing TATA box binding protein (TBP) binding to the TATA box sequence. Given that residue 2 (W2) is the only tryptophan in TrpY and in TrpY homologues in other Euryarchaea and that there is only one tryptophan codon in the entire trpEGCFBAD operon (trpB encodes W175), expression of the trp operon may also be regulated in vivo by the supply of charged tRNATrp available to translate the second codon of the trpY mRNA.
Student Cheating Habits: A Predictor Of Workplace Deviance

Unethical behavior seems to be increasing exponentially in every facet of today’s business environment. Property and production deviance are just two of the unethical behaviors exhibited by employees. According to a study conducted by S. Nonis and C. Swift (2001), students who engage in dishonest acts in college classes are more likely to engage in dishonest acts in the workplace. Research conducted during the three year period 2002 - 2005 by Don McCabe in conjunction with The Center for Academic Integrity at Duke University reveals that 70 percent of the 50,000 undergraduate students surveyed admit to some cheating (McCabe 2005). This article reports the results of a student survey documenting the self-reported cheating habits of business and non-business majors and their reported involvement in deviant activities in the workplace. The research indicates that a higher percentage of non-business majors report cheating on tests and homework than business majors and students who cheat in high school and/or college are more likely to engage in certain deviant behaviors in the workplace. In addition, the article also compares the percentage of students engaging in property and production deviance with the results of an earlier study by R. C. Hollinger and J. P. Clark examining workplace deviance among employees in the retail sector.
Free Will and Neuroscience: Revisiting Libet’s Studies

Benjamin Libet contends both that “the brain ‘decides’ to initiate or, at least, prepare to initiate [certain actions] before there is any reportable subjective awareness that such a decision has taken place” and that “If the ‘act now’ process is initiated unconsciously, then conscious free will is not doing it.” Elsewhere, I have argued that the claims I just reported are not justified by the data Libet and others offer in support of them. Here I review some of the problems one encounters in attempting to move from Libet’s data to his conclusions.
Entrepreneurship, Institutions, and Economic Growth

This policy paper is part of a discussion series on subject of growth and economic performance at the New Zealand Ministry of Economic Development in 2004. It provides a brief view of growth and social change taken from the perspective of market process theory in order to establish the following chain of argument: * Economic performance (i.e. growth) depends on capital accumulation. * Capital accumulation is the result of entrepreneurial profit discoveries. * Entrepreneurship is a function of the institutional makeup of a society. * Institutions (or rules) will foster entrepreneurship if their effects on (a) the noticeability and (b) the exploitability of profit opportunities are limited over time. In order to limit the effects on the noticeability and exploitability of profit opportunities, institutions must constrain the government in its possibility to renege on its commitments. A link to "Ways of thinking about economic growth" is available in the paper.
Pair-Bonded Relationships and Romantic Alternatives: Toward an Integration of Evolutionary and Relationship Science Perspectives

Abstract Relationship researchers and evolutionary psychologists have been studying human mating for decades, but research inspired by these two perspectives often yields fundamentally different images of how people mate. Research in the relationship science tradition frequently emphasizes ways in which committed relationship partners are motivated to maintain their relationships (e.g., by cognitively derogating attractive alternatives), whereas research in the evolutionary tradition frequently emphasizes ways in which individuals are motivated to seek out their own reproductive interests at the expense of their partners’ (e.g., by surreptitiously having sex with attractive alternatives). Rather than being incompatible, the frameworks that guide each perspective have different assumptions that can generate contrasting predictions and can lead researchers to study the same behavior in different ways. This paper, which represents the first major attempt to bring the two perspectives together in a cross-fertilization of ideas, provides a framework to understand contrasting effects and guide future research. This framework—the conflict–confluence model—characterizes evolutionary and relationship science perspectives as being arranged along a continuum reflecting the extent to which mating partners’ interests are misaligned versus aligned. We illustrate the utility of this model by working to integrate relationship science and evolutionary perspectives on the role of ovulatory shifts in women's mating psychology, highlighting the tension between the desire to maintain or strengthen a bond with a current partner versus seek out extra-pair mates. To underscore the generality and generativity of the model, we also illustrate its application to two additional topics: functional perspectives on the role of subjective relationship quality, and “errors” in judgments of mate value. As scholars work to integrate relationship science and evolutionary approaches on additional topics, the promise of a unitary, functional perspective on human mating comes closer to reality.
Geomicrobiology of Iron in Extreme Environments

The rapid redox cycling of iron is one of the most pervasive geochemical processes catalyzed by microbial organisms. Numerous microbial metabolisms rely on transferring electrons to and from iron, even in “extreme” environments considered challenging for life due to high acidity, high alkalinity, high temperature, low organic content, or low water abundance. Recent efforts to explore the iron biogeochemistry of extreme systems, such as hydrothermal vents, seafloor basalts, serpentinizing systems, and acid mine drainage, have significantly expanded our expectations regarding the distribution and activity of iron-dependent life on Earth, and potentially other iron-rich silicate planets, such as Mars.
Intraspecific Competition among Larvae of Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae): Effects on Colony Production

Standardized chrysanthemum plants, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, were exposed to selected numbers of ovipositing adult female Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) to analyze thc effects of intraspecific competition on the survivorship of larvae and quality of emergent adults. The effect of intraspecific competition on the ratio of emergent pupae to newly eclosed larvae (P:L ratio) and pupal size was determined. Pupal size was found to be a positive indicator of longevity and oviposition of adults. The P:L ratio was inversely related to intraspecific competition and ranged from 0 (severe competition) to 1.0 (no competition). Smaller pupae were obtained from plants with low P:L ratios. A maximum of 30 larvae could complete development in a standardized chrysanthemum plant without adversely affecting the P:L ratio.
A Three-Step Process To Facilitate the Annulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

A new efficient three-step process to annulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been developed, providing access to PAHs with saturated rings that under current chemical methods would be difficult to produce in an efficient manner. This method relies on a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of various brominated PAHs with cyclohexanone to yield α-arylated ketones, which are converted to regiospecific vinyl triflates and cyclized by a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular arene–vinyl triflate coupling to produce PAHs with incorporated saturated rings or “tetrahydroindeno-annulated” PAHs.
Analysis current rubella epidemiological situation in Weifang during 2002-2006

Objective To understand the epidemic situation of Rubella in Weifang and provide scientific evidences for controlling Rubella.Methods To analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of Rubella using the data of NNDRS (National Notifiable Disease Reported System and Measles Surveillance).Results 129 Rubella cases were reported in Weifang during 2002-2006. The Rubella annual average incidence was 2.5/100,000.The high incidence period was in Spring,which occupied 80.62%(104/129) cases. 72.09%(93/129) cases were centered in ZhuCheng,Kuiwen and Shouguang. The outbreak cases were 80.62%(104/129). The ratio of Rubella cases in school children aged 9-17 years was 75.97%.Conclusion Outbreak coming from school, Should reinforce school students rubella vaccine immunization in the days to come The school epidemic situation monitors a sharpening To cut down the nettle rash outbreak .
Ion movement disorders in cystic fibrosis

The most important of ion transport abnormalities is a reduced permeability to chlorine of certain epithelial cells, notably those of the sweat glands and bronchi. This abnormality is due to a defective regulation of the chlorine channels located in the apical membrane of these cells, and more precisely to the lack of activation of these channels by protein kinases A and C. Other epithelial ion transports are affected, but the mechanism of these disturbances is imperfectly known. In the airways, for instance, a decrease of chlorine secretion and an increase of sodium absorption concur to dehydrate the bronchial secretions and thus produce the respiratory manifestations of cystic fibrosis.
Elasticity of damaged graphene: A damage mechanics approach

In this work, the authors discuss a systematic method of characterizing the damage process in graphene. The mathematical formulation is limited to the elastic range. In the elastic constitutive equ...
Study of Corrosion and Corrosion Inhibitor Species on Aluminum Surfaces

This chapter discusses applications of tunneling spectroscopy to the study of corrosion and corrosion inhibitor species on aluminum.
Closing Remarks: Practical Wisdom as a Global Research Project in the Twenty-First Century

The contributions in this volume in multiple ways represent an innovative approach towards a more integrated concept of business education. ‘Practical Wisdom’—basically reflected by the Greek philosopher Aristotle (2004)—served as the crucial point of reference of Western medieval and early modern moral educational philosophy. For centuries not only in the West but in cultural traditions all over the World, the personal character of leaders has been formed in the context of spiritual and religious traditions (Bay et al. 2010; Dyck 2012; Tracey 2012; Tracey et al. 2014; Weaver and Agle 2002; Zinbarg 2001). Thus, spiritual traditions served as cultural capital for handing over basic normative orientations throughout history. The goal of chasing Practical Wisdom connected knowledge acquisition with personal fulfillment (Naughton et al. 2010; Lenssen et al. 2012). Only with the advent of Enlightenment philosophy had Practical Wisdom lost its role as an integrating educational concept and was gradually replaced by Human reason (Bachmann et al. 2014). During this process, Practical Wisdom saw itself reduced to a term describing merely technical skills. Ultimately towards the modern age, spiritual contents are gradually suppressed from Leadership education (King 2008; Roca 2008).
Managing the Sources of Uncertainty in Technology Projects

A three-year field study into the management practices and business processes of enterprise risk management (ERM) examines the organizational processes and stakeholder interactions of identifying and managing risks early in the project lifecycle and dealing with these risks in an integrated trans-functional way. The results from this field study show that effective risk management involves a complex set of variables related to task, people, and organizational environment. The study provides insight into the type of organizational environment and managerial leadership conducive to identifying and eliminating potential risks by redesigning organizational processes and the project work, and by dealing effectively with the complex social, technical and economic issues that determine the culture and value system of the enterprise.
A strategy for measuring patient preferences to incorporate in benefit-risk assessment of new ophthalmic devices and procedures

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently released guidance documents explaining that measurement of patient preferences should be considered during the pre-market approval process to specify patients' tolerances for risk and perspectives on benefit when assessing the benefit-risk profile of new medical devices. For ophthalmological patients, the typical primary clinical outcome is a visual impairment measure. Especially for surgically- implanted devices, the benefit a specified improvement in vision measures must be translated to a patient-specific benefit of the improvement in ability to function in everyday life. We developed, and validated with simulations, a strategy for measuring an individual patient's ability to function and the overall benefit to that patient of specified improvements in functional ability. Our strategy employs Rasch analysis to measure changes in functional ability; multidimensional scaling to measure patient-specific benefits of changes in functional ability; and structural equation modeling to cross-walk patient preferences for functional ability changes to changes in visual impairment measures.
Student Learning in an International Context: Examining Motivations for Education Transfer.

This chapter examines the underlying motivations behind why institutions and organizations decide to apply particular policies and practices. By applying a lens of five diffusion models—learning, imitation, competition, normative, and coercion—to understand these motivations, decision makers and implementers will make better choices for internationalization based on their specific context.
Dynamics of itinerant ferromagnets above Tc

Abstract The existence of propagating spin waves above Tc in Ni and Fe has been widely accepted since this picture was first advocated in 1973. In this brief review of our current neutron scattering experiments on Fe and Ni we will present convincing evidence showing that this picture is incorrect. In addition, we will demonstrate that over wide ranges of ω, q and temperature, both Fe and Ni follow a simple paramagnetic scattering function of the spin diffusion type.
Checklists of Corticolous Lichenized and Allied Fungi Collected in Mixed Forests of Western Wake County, North Carolina, USA

Abstract. Three checklist tables are presented from collections made during a study of corticolous lichen community response to highway pollution in western Wake County, North Carolina, USA. A total of 103 species of lichens and three species of allied fungi were found, representing 64 genera in 36 families. Two allied fungi, Amphisphaeria bufonia and Rebentischia massalongoi, are recommended to be added to the North American lichen checklist.
Time to Push: Use of Gestational Age in the Electronic Health Record to Support Delivery of Relevant Prenatal Education Content.

Introduction: Clinicians must provide anticipatory guidance pregnant clients would find useful but might not seek out independently. Client-facing health information resources should a) satisfy clients’ health self-management queries, and b) provide anticipatory guidance at developmentally appropriate times. Care Guide (by our technology partner, Maternity Neighborhood™) is an online maternity education platform positioned to meet pregnant clients’ information needs through high-quality, curated content paired with secure provider/client messaging. The research version of Care Guide is called Maternity Information Access Point (MIAP). Little is known about how clients perceive or engage with maternity education delivered via patient portal or personal health record. Methods: This qualitative study employed focus groups and four week field-testing periods with English- and Spanish-speaking pregnant women enrolled in Medicaid. User satisfaction and system usability were evaluated through self-report instruments. Results: Twelve of the 16 participants logged usage of MIAP, with amount of usage varying widely. Satisfaction (4.3/5) and usability (4.7/5) were rated highly. Weekly content push emails were a popular feature; participants agreed the content was relevant, timely, and useful. Forgetting passwords and lack of experience with technology were barriers to use. Discussion and Conclusion: Gestational age captured in the electronic health record can support automated pushing of content containing highly relevant anticipatory guidance. Platform features that guide the user through content can be leveraged to promote continued user engagement. Users’ desire for easy access to content must be balanced against the need to safeguard protected health information. Digital newcomers may require in-person technical support.
The compression of solid neon, argon and krypton to 20 kbar∗

Abstract New results for the compression up to 20 kbar of solid neon at 18°K, argon at 38° and 77°K, and krypton at 81° and 115°K are reported. The piston displacement technique previously described was used. Because of friction in the solid samples it has not been possible to observe directly the volumes at low pressures. In order to improve the accuracy of the required extrapolation down to P = 0, data have been taken in pressure cylinders of 3 dia. Different analytic representations of PV relations based upon the Murnaghan theory of finite strain have been employed. The fit of our data has been made consistent with new high precision values of density and bulk molulus at P = 0 which were obtained through X-ray diffraction techniques by Simmons and his coworkers. Isotherms at 0°K for the 3 solids have been deduced from the data. It is concluded that an order-of-magnitude increase in the precision of the experimental data will be required before detailed comparisons with modern theoretical models really become meaningful.
Evidence for Reversible Cyclometalation in Alkane Dehydrogenation and C–O Bond Cleavage at Iridium Bis(phosphine) Complexes

Methyl tert-butyl ether is found to undergo C–O bond cleavage in the formation of an iridium(III) methallyl at a cationic bis(phosphine) iridium complex. An exploration of this transformation has revealed a cyclometalated complex which was previously postulated to form reversibly in the first example of alkane dehydrogenation by a homogeneous transition-metal complex. The competence of this cyclometalated species in alkane dehydrogenation is demonstrated in a stoichiometric example, giving an isolable olefin dihydride. Detection and assignment of this elusive species confirms a previous hypothesis that reversible intramolecular phosphine cyclometalation can precede intermolecular alkane dehydrogenation.
Hammond, William A

William Alexander Hammond (1828–1900) was the only US Army Surgeon General to suffer the indignity of a court-martial and removal from office. Nevertheless, he became a seminal figure in the development of neurology in the USA, and his innovative organizational leadership produced new military and civilian specialty hospitals, significant improvements in military hygiene, a postgraduate medical school, and various other institutions and professional medical organizations. Hammond's leadership successes were balanced by significant failures, though, and more than a century after his death his legacy remains complicated and controversial. Hammond was indeed a colorful and complex character with both considerable attributes and faults: a brilliant organizer and administrator, an outstanding teacher and apostle of neurology, and a prolific author, but at best a mediocre scholar, and an audacious, contentious, boastful, and arrogant individual.
NATID: The Development and Application of a National Identity Measure for Use in International Marketing:

The international marketing literature abounds with studies outlining the various similarities and differences that exist across cultural and national boundaries (e.g. Hofstede 1980). Unfortunately...
Expansion and shift of hippocampal place fields: evidence for synaptic potentiation during behavior

Rat hippocampal neurons fire in a spatially selective fashion [1]. We show that place fields enlarge (by 75%) and shift (by 1.4cm) in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the rat, within a few traverses of a route, even if the environment has been experienced extensively on previous days. The expansion is not a result of locomotion or neural activity per se because it reoccurs when the rat runs on a different track immediately after running on the first one. This provides an evidence for systematic changes in neuronal firing properties due to and during experience. The results are consistent with the predictions of models [2, 3] of learning of sequences via Hebbian [4] synaptic potentiation. Thus, these data provide an evidence for Hebbian synaptic enhancement during behavior, and show that such learning occurs even when a rat enters a highly familiar environment after a day’s absence.
Public key encryption against related key attacks

In this work, we present efficient public-key encryption schemes resilient against linear related key attacks (RKA) under standard assumptions and in the standard model. Specifically, we obtain encryption schemes based on hardness of factoring, BDDH and LWE that remain secure even against an adversary that may query the decryption oracle on linear shifts of the actual secret key. Moreover, the ciphertext overhead is only an additive constant number of group elements.
Cloning of rat asparagine synthetase and specificity of the amino acid-dependent control of its mRNA content

A full-length cDNA clone for rat asparagine synthetase (AS) was isolated from a cDNA library enriched for amino acid-regulated sequences. The AS cDNA was used to investigate the amino acid-dependent repression of AS mRNA content in rat Fao hepatoma cells. In response to complete amino acid starvation, there was an approximately 10-fold increase in the level of AS mRNA. Three species of mRNA, of approx. sizes 2.0, 2.5 and 4.0 kb, were detected and each was simultaneously regulated to the same degree. The expression of AS mRNA increased by 6 h after removal of amino acids, reached a plateau after 9 h, and was blocked by either actinomycin D or cycloheximide. Partial repression of the AS mRNA content was maintained by the presence of a single amino acid in the culture medium, but the degree of effectiveness for each one varied widely. Glutamine showed the greatest ability to repress the AS mRNA content, even at an extracellular concentration 10 times below its plasma level. Other effective repressors included the amino acids asparagine, histidine and leucine, as well as ammonia. Depletion of selected single amino acids from an otherwise complete culture medium also caused up-regulation. In particular, removal of histidine, threonine or tryptophan from the medium, or the addition of histidinol to inhibit histidinyl-tRNA synthetase, resulted in a significant increase in AS mRNA content. The data indicate that nutrient regulation of AS mRNA occurs by a general control mechanism that is responsive to a spectrum of amino acids.
Fusing Annotations with Majority Vote Triplet Embeddings

Human annotations of behavioral constructs are of great importance to the machine learning community because of the difficulty in quantifying states that cannot be directly observed, such as dimensional emotion. Disagreements between annotators and other personal biases complicate the goal of obtaining an accurate approximation of the true behavioral construct values for use as ground truth. We present a novel majority vote triplet embedding scheme for fusing real-time and continuous annotations of a stimulus to produce a gold-standard time series. We illustrate the validity of our approach by showing that the method produces reasonable gold-standards for two separate annotation tasks from a human annotation data set where the true construct labels are known a priori. We also apply our method to the RECOLA dimensional emotion data set in conjunction with state-of-the-art time warping methods to produce gold-standard labels that are sufficiently representative of the annotations and also that are more easily learned from features when evaluated using a battery of linear predictors as prescribed in the 2018 AVEC gold-standard emotion sub-challenge. In particular, we find that the proposed method leads to gold-standard labels that aid in valence prediction.
Short-term hyperoxic exposure causes dysregulation of pyruvate oxidation

Due to the advances in perinatal and neonatal care, preterm infants can survive from 22 weeks of gestation. Following extreme prematurity, mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen are employed to sustain life. Though supplemental oxygen therapy is clinically necessary it can cause impaired lung growth and repair due to perturbed energy metabolism. To better understand this, we investigated the role of hyperoxia on bioenergetics in mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE-12) exposed to hyperoxia (95% O2, 5% CO2). As short as 4 hours of hyperoxic exposure caused a reduction in the basal respiration, ATP production, and pyruvate utilization compared to air exposed controls as measured by the seahorse bioanalyzer. In addition, the decreased pyruvate utilization was not associated with altered mRNA levels of glucose transporters and mitochondrial pyruvate carriers, nor changes in glycolysis as measured by the glycolytic rate assay. Interestingly, MLE-12 cells exposed to hyperoxia had significantly increased mRNA and protein levels of UCP-1, a transport and uncoupling protein found in the inner mitochondrial membrane which can export monocarboxylate anions such as pyruvate. Despite this increase in UCP-1 we did not see an expected increase in proton leak. These data suggest that hyperoxia may enhance UCP-1 mediated export of pyruvate outside of the mitochondrial matrix rendering it unavailable for oxidative phosphorylation.
Using Latent Class Analysis to Explore Subtypes of Youth Who Have Committed Sexual Offenses

Attempts to identify typologies of youth who have committed sexual offenses have been challenged by their overlapping characteristics with youth who have committed nonsexual crimes, as well as meth...
Altering cough reflex sensitivity with aerosolized capsaicin paired with behavioral cough suppression: a proof-of-concept study.

Background: The purpose of this prospective, quasi-experimental, single cohort proof-of-concept study was to determine feasibility and proof-of-concept of programmatically decreasing cough sensitivity through use of cough suppression strategies following inhalation of aerosolized capsaicin, in gradually increasing doses, across repeated treatment sessions. Methods: Five healthy adults, ages 20–32 years of age, enrolled and completed the study. The study commenced in three phases. Phase I consisted of baseline cough sensitivity testing using pharmaceutical-grade aerosolized capsaicin, delivered via a Koko DigiDoser with nebulizer. The single-inhale, dose-response method was used. Doses that elicited two coughs (C2) and five coughs (C5) were recorded. Testing ceased when participants met the C5 threshold or when they had been given the maximum dose of 1,000 µmol/L. Phase II consisted of 5–6 treatment sessions, during which participants were exposed to increasing doses of aerosolized capsaicin while implementing behavioral cough suppression strategies. In phase III, cough sensitivity was re-tested at 1 and 3 weeks post-treatment. Participants were given explicit instructions to not try to suppress their cough. Participants who did not reach the C2 or C5 threshold at 1,000 µmol/L were assigned a score of 1,250 µmol/L. Results: Each participant demonstrated a gradual increase in maximum capsaicin dose suppressed during each treatment session, with each successfully suppressing at 1,000 µmol/L by the final treatment session. C2 was greater than baseline in 4 of the 5 participants at 1 week post-treatment, and in 3 of the 5, at 3 weeks post-treatment. C5 was greater in all 5 participants at both post-treatment time points. In fact, 4 of the 5 participants did not reach the C5 threshold during either post-treatment testing sessions. Wilcoxon’s Signed Rank Test, using the logC2 and logC5 values, revealed a significant difference relative to baseline in logC5 at 1 week (z=−2.02, P=0.04) and 3 weeks (z=−2.03, P=0.04) post-treatment. The difference in logC2 neared significance at 1 week post-treatment (z=−1.77, P=0.077), but was insignificant at 3 weeks post-treatment (z=−1.46, P=0.144). Conclusions: This study demonstrates the potential of treating patients with refractory chronic cough (RCC), due to cough hypersensitivity, with a progressive desensitization approach paired with behavioral cough suppression. Additional research is needed using a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with patients with RCC.
Effect of Warfarin on Ischemic Stroke, Bleeding, and Mortality in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Peritoneal Dialysis

There is limited information on the risks and benefits of anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving peritoneal dialysis. The aim was to determine the risk of mortality, ischemic stroke, and bleeding associated with warfarin use in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving peritoneal dialysis. This is a retrospective observational study of a multi-ethnic cohort of patients with atrial fibrillation receiving peritoneal dialysis in the United States. Using a dialysis registry, we identified 476 patients with atrial fibrillation receiving peritoneal dialysis. Among these patients, 115 (24%) were treated with warfarin. Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare risks of mortality, ischemic stroke and bleeding between the groups. Compared to untreated patients, patients receiving warfarin were older (67.3 ± 10.8 vs 62.9 ± 13.3 years) and more likely to be white (42% vs 31%). Prevalence of comorbidities including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, heart failure, and prior ischemic stroke were similar between the two groups. All cause mortality rates were 19.9 per 100 person-years in the warfarin group and 21.0 per 100 person-years in the untreated group. There was no difference between groups in the risk of mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 0.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53–1.2, p = 0.28], ischemic stroke (HR 2.3, 95% CI 0.94–5.4, p = 0.07), hemorrhagic stroke (HR 2.0, 95% CI 0.32–12.8, p = 0.46), gastrointestinal bleeding (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.39–2.2, p = 0.86), or any bleeding (HR 1.2, 95% 0.60–2.3, p = 0.65). Even in the subgroup of patients with > 70% time in therapeutic range, no association was seen between warfarin treatment and mortality. There is no significant association between warfarin treatment with risks of mortality, ischemic stroke or bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving peritoneal dialysis.
Hemodynamic early goal-directed therapy: Explaining the fine print

The management of patients after cardiothoracic surgery can be very complex. Variabilities exist in hemodynamic status after cardiac surgery and the use of cardiopulmonary bypass - all of which can have a significant impact on myocardial Frank-Starling curves. Typically, invasive monitoring with pulmonary artery catheters is used to assess the complex physiology that these patients experience in the perioperative setting. However, the use of invasive monitoring is not without risk, and the broader benefits are poorly defined. Furthermore, there is growing evidence to support the use of hemodynamic early goal-directed therapy to optimize outcomes in critically ill patients. The purpose of this editorial statement is the review of some of the current literature with regards to the utility of goal-directed therapy as applied to the postoperative cardiac surgical patient.
Integrated Ultra-Narrow Linewidth Lasers and Their Applications

Ultra-narrow linewidth, ultra-stable lasers, the heart of precision high-end scientific systems, are making the leap from the laboratory to compact photonic integrated circuits. A new class of integrated stimulated Brillouin scattering laser will be described and application to chip-scale systems including data center communications, atomic clocks, optical gyros and microwave synthesis.
C-GDR: High-Performance Container-Aware GPUDirect MPI Communication Schemes on RDMA Networks

In recent years, GPU-based platforms have received significant success for parallel applications. In addition to highly optimized computation kernels on GPUs, the cost of data movement on GPU clusters plays critical roles in delivering high performance for end applications. Many recent studies have been proposed to optimize the performance of GPU-or CUDA-aware communication runtimes and these designs have been widely adopted in the emerging GPU-based applications. These studies mainly focus on improving the communication performance on native environments, i.e., physical machines, however GPU-based communication schemes on cloud environments are not well studied yet. This paper first investigates the performance characteristics of state-of-the-art GPU-based communication schemes on both native and container-based environments, which show a significant demand to design high-performance container-aware communication schemes in GPU-enabled runtimes to deliver near-native performance for end applications on clouds. Next, we propose the C-GDR approach to design high-performance Container-aware GPUDirect communication schemes on RDMA networks. C-GDR allows communication runtimes to successfully detect process locality, GPU residency, NUMA, architecture information, and communication pattern to enable intelligent and dynamic selection of the best communication and data movement schemes on GPU-enabled clouds. We have integrated C-GDR with the MVAPICH2 library. Our evaluations show that MVAPICH2 with C-GDR has clear performance benefits on container-based cloud environments, compared to default MVAPICH2-GDR and Open MPI. For instance, our proposed C-GDR can outperform default MVAPICH2-GDR schemes by up to 66% on micro-benchmarks and up to 26% on HPC applications over a container-based environment.
LEAP-2017 Simulation Exercise: Overview of Guidelines for the Element Test Simulations

This paper summarizes the guidelines provided to the numerical simulation/prediction teams that participated in the LEAP-2017 prediction exercise. These guidelines are developed for the Phase 1 of the simulations that focused on the use of cyclic triaxial element tests for calibration of constitutive models that the participating teams used in their numerical simulations/predictions.
A heavy neutral gauge boson near the Z boson mass pole via third generation fermions at the LHC

Abstract We explore the physics of a new neutral gauge boson, ( Z ′ ), coupling to only third-generation particles and with a mass near the electroweak gauge boson mass poles. A Z ′ boson produced by top quarks and decaying to tau leptons is considered. With a simple search strategy inspired by existing analyses of the standard model gauge boson production in association with top quarks, we show that the Large Hadron Collider has good exclusionary power over the model parameter space of the Z ′ boson even at the advent of the high-luminosity era. It is shown that the t t ¯ Z ′ process allows one to place limits on right-handed top couplings with a Z ′ boson that preferentially couples to third generation fermions, which are at present very weakly constrained.
Racial Disparity in Postpartum Readmission due to Hypertension among Women with Pregnancy-Associated Hypertension.

Objective Postpartum hypertension is a leading cause of readmission in the postpartum period. We aimed to examine the prevalence of racial/ethnic differences in postpartum readmission due to hypertension in women with antepartum pregnancy-associated hypertension. Study Design This was a multi-institutional retrospective cohort study of all women with antepartum pregnancy-associated hypertension diagnosed prior to initial discharge from January 2009 to December 2016. Antepartum pregnancy-associated hypertension, such as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia (with or without severe features), hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme, low platelet (HELLP) syndrome, and eclampsia was diagnosed based on American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Task Force definitions. Women with chronic hypertension and superimposed preeclampsia were excluded. Our primary outcome was postpartum readmission defined as a readmission due to severe hypertension within 6 weeks of postpartum. Risk factors including maternal age, gestational age at admission, insurance, race/ethnicity (self-reported), type of antepartum pregnancy-associated hypertension, marital status, body mass index (kg/m2), diabetes (gestational or pregestational), use of antihypertensive medications, mode of delivery, and postpartum day 1 systolic blood pressure levels were examined. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results Of 4,317 women with pregnancy-associated hypertension before initial discharge, 66 (1.5%) had postpartum readmission due to hypertension. Risk factors associated with postpartum readmission due to hypertension included older maternal age (aOR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.20–1.73 for every 5 year increase) and non-Hispanic black race (aOR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.16–3.87). Conclusion In women with pregnancy-associated hypertension before initial discharge, non-Hispanic black women were at increased odds of postpartum readmission due to hypertension compared with non-Hispanic white women.
Genotypic correlation between post discharge Clostridiodes difficle infection (CDI) and previous unit-based contacts.

Summary Background Cases of Clostridiodes difficile infection (CDI) diagnosed after hospital discharge account for a substantial proportion of new infections. It is unclear whether post-discharge infections originate from hospital-based transmission. Methods This was a Retrospective cohort study at a tertiary-care cancer center (non-outbreak setting). For all laboratory-identified cases of CDI in 2015–2016, patients with post-discharge (PD) CDI within eight weeks of their hospital stay were included in the study. Isolates from PD-CDI cases and their CDI-positive unit-based contacts were first genotyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Common strains were further examined by core genome sequencing (CGS) to evaluate transmission links. Results Of 173 cases examined by MLST, 50% of PD cases matched previous unit contacts. Next, 34 isolates, including 16 PD cases and their 18-unit contacts were examined by CGS. None were ≤3 single-nucleotide variants apart. Seventy percent of PD cases had in-hospital antibiotic exposure before CDI onset in the community. Conclusion Our study results suggest that symptomatic CDI cases are not a substantial source of transmission to PD cases. Frequent antibiotic exposure in post-discharge CDI cases is an important target for surveillance and stewardship efforts.
Detecting miscoded diabetes diagnosis codes in electronic health records for quality improvement: Temporal deep learning approach

Background: Diabetes affects more than 30 million patients across the United States. With such a large disease burden, even a small error in classification can be significant. Currently billing codes, assigned at the time of a medical encounter, are the “gold standard” reflecting the actual diseases present in an individual, and thus in aggregate reflect disease prevalence in the population. These codes are generated by highly trained coders and by health care providers but are not always accurate. Objective: This work provides a scalable deep learning methodology to more accurately classify individuals with diabetes across multiple health care systems. Methods: We leveraged a long short-term memory-dense neural network (LSTM-DNN) model to identify patients with or without diabetes using data from 5 acute care facilities with 187,187 patients and 275,407 encounters, incorporating data elements including laboratory test results, diagnostic/procedure codes, medications, demographic data, and admission information. Furthermore, a blinded physician panel reviewed discordant cases, providing an estimate of the total impact on the population. Results: When predicting the documented diagnosis of diabetes, our model achieved an 84% F1 score, 96% area under the curve–receiver operating characteristic curve, and 91% average precision on a heterogeneous data set from 5 distinct health facilities. However, in 81% of cases where the model disagreed with the documented phenotype, a blinded physician panel agreed with the model. Taken together, this suggests that 4.3% of our studied population have either missing or improper diabetes diagnosis. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that deep learning methods can improve clinical phenotyping even when patient data are noisy, sparse, and heterogeneous.
Japan and regulatory convergence in TPP and JEEPA: path dependence, complex governance and obstacles to triadic closure

This paper compares Japan’s negotiations on regulatory convergence with the United States in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and with the European Union (EU) in the Japan-EU Economic Partnershi...
Deliberative Choice Strategies in Youths: Relevance to Transdiagnostic Anxiety Symptoms:

Aberrant decision-making characterizes various pediatric psychopathologies; however, deliberative choice strategies have not been investigated. A transdiagnostic sample of 95 youths completed a chi...