cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of continuum robots for remote inspection operations

We discuss the potential of long, thin “continuum” robots to enable new and more effective approaches to remote inspection. Resembling robotic cables, this new class of robots can enter and explore congested and potentially unstable environments, sending back information from sensors at their tips. This capability is of particular value in search operations in disaster relief situations. We illustrate the potential using a thin continuum robot in representative tasks.
Retroactive Edits: 9/11, Television’s Popular Archive, and Shifting Popular Memory

Occasionally, significant events occur after a television show’s production and/or first airing that necessitate changes to the text in reruns, DVDs, and other distribution platforms like Netflix. This phenomenon was on display after 9/11, when shows including 24, Family Guy, Friends, The Simpsons, and others had full episodes and/or specific scenes cut from distribution. This phenomenon demonstrates how television’s popular archive is mutable, popular memory acts as a site of social and political struggle, and production, ancillary markets, official and unofficial distribution, the cultural standing of television and its genres, and other factors interact to determine which aspects of television’s past are available to the public at different moments.
Light-Activated Gigahertz Ferroelectric Domain Dynamics

Using time- and spatially resolved hard x-ray diffraction microscopy, the striking structural and electrical dynamics upon optical excitation of a single crystal of ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$ are simultaneously captured on subnanoseconds and nanoscale within individual ferroelectric domains and across walls. A large emergent photoinduced electric field of up to $20\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{m}$ is discovered in a surface layer of the crystal, which then drives polarization and lattice dynamics that are dramatically distinct in a surface layer versus bulk regions. A dynamical phase-field modeling method is developed that reveals the microscopic origin of these dynamics, leading to gigahertz polarization and elastic waves traveling in the crystal with sonic speeds and spatially varying frequencies. The advances in spatiotemporal imaging and dynamical modeling tools open up opportunities for disentangling ultrafast processes in complex mesoscale structures such as ferroelectric domains.
Executive dysfunction contributes to verbal encoding and retrieval deficits in posterior cortical atrophy

Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA) is a neurodegenerative syndrome that typically presents with predominant visual and spatial impairments. The early diagnostic criteria specify a relative sparing of functioning in other cognitive domains, including executive functions, language, and episodic memory, yet little is known of the cognitive profile of PCA as the disease progresses. Studies of healthy adults and other posterior cortical lesion patients implicate posterior parietal and temporal regions in executive functions of working memory and verbal fluency, both of which may impact episodic memory. Relatively little has been reported about these cognitive functions in PCA, and to our knowledge there has not yet been a study of the impact of such deficits on memory function in PCA. We sought to examine PCA patients' performance on tests of executive function and the associations to verbal episodic memory encoding, storage, and delayed recall. Nineteen individuals with PCA underwent neuropsychological and neuroimaging evaluations as part of a comprehensive clinical assessment. We developed a novel consensus rating method-the Neuropsychological Assessment Rating (NAR) scale-to grade the severity of test performance impairments in selected cognitive domains and subdomains. Hypothesis-driven analyses demonstrated relative deficits in working memory and lexical-semantic retrieval. Preliminary analyses suggested associations between both deficits and atrophy in the left-hemisphere inferior parietal lobule. These executive deficits were also associated with impairments in verbal encoding and delayed recall, but not with recognition discriminability. We conclude that deficits in verbal executive functions impact verbal episodic memory in PCA. Our findings also support theories emphasizing the role of the posterior parietal cortex in supporting executive and lexical-semantic contributions to verbal episodic memory.
STIMULATION OF PHAGOCYTOSIS BY A T CELL LYMPHOMA-DERIVED LYMPHOKINE

ABSTRACT Normal peripheral Blood mononuclear cells stimulated in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) or by concanavalin-A (Con-A) secrete factors which can stimulate the phagocytic activity of human macrophages. This increase in phagocytic activity is not necessarily accompanied by an increase in Fc receptors. A phagocytosis inducing factor (PIF), acting independent of an effect on Fc receptors, was identified in neoplastic cell culture supernatants from 2/13 peripheral T cell and 1/3 T lymphoblastic malignancies. Such factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of certain hemophagocytic syndromes.
Effects of O2 Transmissibility on Corneal Epithelium After Daily and Extended Contact Lens Wear in Rabbit and Man

The role of the tear film and its adherence to the underlying ocular surface is dependent on a healthy corneal epithelium. A vital feature of the corneal epithelium is a continuous cycle of renewal and exfoliation as a protective mechanism against injury and invasion of infectious organisms. The corneal epithelial renewal rate is relatively rapid1 and dependent on the homeostatic balance of epithelial proliferation rate, centripetal and vertical cell migration and organized surface cell deletion/exfoliation.2 During daily and overnight contact lens wear, however, normal tear film stability and corneal epithelial surface integrity are compromised, which may lead to minor and occasionally more serious complications such as infectious corneal ulceration. This article discusses the preliminary results of our recent studies on the effects of contact lens oxygen transmissibility, lens type, wearing schedules and non-lens related hypoxia on human and rabbit corneal epithelium. The following outcome measures were assessed: bacterial binding to exfoliated corneal epithelial surface cells, corneal epithelial thickness and surface cell exfoliation in human subjects. Concomitantly, we examined the proliferation rate of the central corneal epithelium, corneal epithelial basal cell turnover rate and corneal epithelial surface cell apoptosis in the standard rabbit model of lens wear.
ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Coding for Neuropsychological Assessment

Objective This paper summarizes the basic principles of diagnosis coding for neuropsychological evaluation of patients with known or suspected brain injury or disease. Method The resources forming the basis of this article are the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) and the ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting. Conclusion Diagnosis codes are used to communicate the specific reason for health care encounters and the conditions treated. All health care providers in all health care settings are mandated to implement ICD-10-CM for coding all health care encounters and transactions. It is the providers of health care services who ultimately are responsible for medical record documentation and diagnosis coding. The neuropsychologist's knowledge base, therefore, should include a basic understanding of the structure of the ICD-10-CM, the conventions and rules for diagnosis coding, and the rules for what constitutes accurate coding.
Mouse T cells express a neurotransmitter-receptor signature that is quantitatively modulated in a subset- and activation-dependent manner

Neurotransmitters are known to modulate the course of an immune response by targeting cells in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Increasing evidence suggests that T cells, by expressing specific neurotransmitter receptors (NR) are directly regulated by them, leading to altered activation and skewed differentiation of the adaptive immune response. Given that gene expression in T cells changes in lineage- and activation-dependent fashion, it is expected that sensitivity to neurotransmitters may also vary along these lines. Here we generate an important resource for further analysis of this tier of immunoregulation, by identifying the distinct profile of NR transcripts that are expressed by peripheral T cells in mice, at different states of activation and differentiation. We find that only about 15% of the total annotated NR genes are transcribed in these T cells and most of them do not change in different subsets of T cells (CD8, CD4 - Naive vs Memory vs Treg), or even when T cells migrate to different tissues. We suggest that the T cell-expressed NRs, found across all these subsets identifies a core, constitutive NR signature for the T cell lineage. In contrast, a very limited number (<2) of NRs were observed to mark each of the post-activation T cell states, suggesting that very specific neurotransmitter signals are available to modulate T cell responses in vivo in these subsets.
Low overdose responding self-efficacy among adults who report lifetime opioid use.

Abstract Background Evaluations of overdose response programs suggest effectiveness in preventing overdose-related death and individual willingness to respond to an overdose. However, knowledge of and confidence in performing response behaviors is necessary for individuals to intervene. This study assessed overdose responding self-efficacy among adults who reported lifetime opioid use. Methods Data come from a cross-sectional survey, part of a randomized controlled trial designed for adults living with hepatitis C. Participants were 18 years old or older, and reported lifetime opioid use. Overdose responding self-efficacy was assessed by perceived knowledge and/or need for additional training to have confidence responding to an overdose. Univariate statistics were calculated for overdose responding self-efficacy, and individual characteristics and experiences. Adjusted logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with low overdose responding self-efficacy. Results Of the 424 participants, 67.2% reported low overdose responding self-efficacy. Sixty percent witnessed and 30.4% experienced an overdose in the past year. Witnessing an overdose in the past year, experience with naloxone training, and receiving and using naloxone were associated with high overdose responding self-efficacy. While, apprehension with particular response behaviors (e.g. rescue breathing) was associated with low overdose responding self-efficacy. Conclusions A large proportion of adults who reported lifetime opioid use did not feel confident or knowledgeable responding to an overdose. This could be influenced by overdose exposure, specific response behaviors, and response trainings.
Goal-Setting Instruction: A Step-by-Step Guide for High School Students:

Teaching self-determination skills to students with disabilities can improve both behavior and academic achievement while having a lasting impact on life outcomes. Specifically, goal setting is a h...
Sme Performance: A Case for Internal Consistency

We develop the theoretical arguments for a contingent path relationship among variables representing the environment, capabilities, strategic orientation, and firm performance. The premise underpinning our study is that internal consistency or fit among contingent relationships yields higher performance levels. Structural equation modeling allows for the statistical examination of multiple relationships simultaneously to test our hypotheses. We find support for the notion that internally consistent paths lead to higher levels of performance for a sample of 181 mid-western small and medium-sized manufacturing firms. A discussion of the implications for these findings with respect to managerial practice and future research is provided.
High-resolution satellite imagery applications in crop phenotyping: An overview

Abstract Over the past ten years, plant phenotyping technologies that utilize sensing and data mining approaches to estimate crop traits in a high-throughput and objective manner, have been evaluated and applied in different crop improvement and breeding programs. Multiple platforms, from proximal to unmanned aerial systems based remote sensing, have been developed and applied to increase the throughput, efficiency, and objectivity during field phenotyping. In recent years, the development and availability of high-resolution satellite imagery from low-orbit satellites have offered yet another opportunity for phenotyping applications. This review demonstrates the applications of satellite imagery in agricultural production and crop phenotyping and suggests plant traits that can be evaluated using high-resolution satellite imagery. The review summarizes the merits (e.g. rapid/automated data capture from larger and multiple field sites) and challenges (e.g. cloud occlusion) of satellite-based phenotyping in crop breeding programs, and discusses future perspectives/opportunities of high-resolution satellite imagery as a phenotyping tool. High-resolution satellite imagery can serve as a phenotyping tool for the assessment of crop varieties, thus assisting plants breeders in the process of selecting high-yielding, stress (abiotic and biotic) tolerant variety that can contribute to addressing world food demand amidst climate change.
A marine virus as foe and friend.

A virus has been found inserted into the genome of the most abundant bacteria in the oceans. Even though the virus can kill its host, the genes carried by the prophage may help these bacteria flourish around the world.
Design of a submillimeter ellipsometer for the measurement of complex indices of refraction of materials

The principle objective of the research is the design and fabrication of an automated submillimeter ellipsometer. The ellipsometer has been designed to measure the amplitude and phase of submillimeter radiation reflected from or transmitted through materials. The key component of the ellipsometer is a birefringent quartz plate which has an adjustable incidence angle. Control of this angle, as predicted by multiple reflection theory for birefringent dielectric plates1, allows the retarder to be precisely oriented to produce a quarter wave retardation without the use of AR coatings. The radiation source is provided by CW optically pumped submillimeter laser lines, and a liquid He-cooled bolometer is utilized as the detector. Results of dielectric constant data measured with the ellipsometer will be reported.
Examining Ways COVID-19 Adaptation Derailed our Assumptions about Online Learning

In the past, many assumptions were made about the benefits and perils of online learning. In addition, many conversations were had as to which populations of students were best suited for and most accepting of online coursework. With the dramatic shift online forced upon us by the onset of COVID, some of these assumptions were tested. Several assumptions are discussed in this paper. Current US university data reporting is reviewed and a case study examining the way some of these assumptions are playing out in an online CS I course are examined. There is much we can learn from our online teaching during the pandemic, here we examine a few of the discoveries that have come to light.
Histories of Independence in Côte d’Ivoire: An Ethnography of the Past: by Konstanze N’Guessan, Leiden, Brill, 2020, xii + 277 pp.

The work of commemoration is to play with time – to recall past events in the present, always with an eye toward the future. In Konstanze N’Guessan’s Histories of Independence in Cote d’Ivoire, nar...
Covering COVID: Journalists’ Stress and Perceived Organizational Support While Reporting on the Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic forced unprecedented changes upon journalists in the United States as they attempted to cover the story while adhering to the same stay-at-home orders as the rest of the publi...
Home healthcare patient, caregiver and provider perspectives on use of unscheduled acute care and the usability and acceptability of on-demand telehealth solutions.

Abstract Background/Objectives: Home health care (HHC) agencies provide an important role in helping to transition patients from acute care to independent residential living. Telehealth has the potential to transform care delivery in HHC, however the majority of studies in HHC have focused on the use of telemonitoring for patients with specific chronic conditions. The objective of this study was to examine reasons HHC patients use acute care services and assess the acceptability of on-demand telehealth services among HHC patients, caregivers and personnel to help alleviate the need for seeking in-person acute care. Design/Setting/Participants/Measures: This study was a secondary analysis of qualitative data from in-depth interviews of 30 HHC personnel, patients and caregivers from a Medicare-certified HHC agency affiliated with a large healthcare system from January through May 2020. A conventional content analysis approach was used to identify themes. Results: Themes associated with reasons for seeking acute care included: sense of urgency, behavioral and psychosocial factors, and access to care. Participants described their perceptions of the benefits, usability and acceptability and barriers to using telehealth. Patients and HHC personnel agreed that on-demand telehealth should not replace in-person visits but all identified roles that on-demand telehealth services could play in improving communication and access to care. The biggest barriers to use of telehealth identified by HHC personnel were cost, access and ability to use technology by HHC patients. Conclusion: This study identified reasons HHC patients seek unscheduled acute care and the usability and acceptability of on-demand telehealth services to increase access to care among HHC patients. These findings underscore the need to improve communication and coordination between patients, HHC personnel, and primary care providers and the role that on-demand telehealth services can have in transforming HHC.
Tunable Achromatic Circular Waveplates by Shifting Cascaded Metagratings

We introduce the concept of displacement phase – a phase shift resulting from horizontal movements of a grating. We utilize this phenomenon to design a tunable achromatic circular waveplate from two topology-optimized geometric phase metagratings.
A Short History of Indian Law in the Supreme Court

This paper offers a short overview of the history of federal Indian law in the Supreme Court.
Epitome of Copernican Astronomy

Kepler published the most systematic of his astronomical works, the Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae, in three sections between 1618 and 1621. The Epitome was a detailed, if idiosyncratic, textbook of heliocentric astronomy, covering everything from elementary spherical astronomy to Kepler’s own discoveries in planetary and lunar theory. It was intended for the student, and written in the form of questions and answers. This book was virtually free of the observational reports and parameter derivations which characterized advanced treatises such as the Almagest and De revolutionibus. Later, in the mid-seventeenth century, the Epitome acquired considerable popularity as a textbook, benefiting from a gradual recognition of Kepler’s Rudolphine Tables (1627) as the best available.1
The Optic Chiasm of the Vertebrate Brain

Publisher Summary The optic chiasm of the vertebrate brain is the site of a remarkable and complex rearrangement of nerve fibers. It is a rearrangement of fibers not merely in terms of their crossed or uncrossed pathways from the eye to the brain but often also in terms of fiber diameter classes and in terms of the retinal maps represented within the fiber systems. This chapter describes the fiber arrangements in the optic nerve and in the optic tract. The differences between the two reflect the changes that occur in the chiasm. The chapter provides an overview of the retinofugal fiber arrangements that have progressed in the past by relying almost equally on theoretical considerations and empirical evidence. The recognition of different components within the optic chiasm, which develop at different times and according to different rules, raises a whole new set of developmental problems. The retinofugal pathways do not segregate in the optic chiasm in a uniform way whereas diencephalic centers together with their cortical targets tend to view only the contralateral hemifield. Mesencephalic centers do not generally follow this classical pattern, except in primates. The observations that do not fit into the classical scheme do not yet make much sense in functional terms; the classical scheme is still the most powerful theoretical basis for understanding the optic chiasm.
Exercise and Self-Reported Limitations in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Limited evidence suggests that exercise may have beneficial, anti-inflammatory effects in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of exercise in patients with IBD and the limitations they experience secondary to their disease. Two hundred and fifty IBD patients were prospectively enrolled in this study at an academic medical center at the time of their outpatient visits between March and October 2013. Subjects were asked to complete a one-time survey that asks questions about medical and surgical history, exercise frequency and intensity, and the limitations and barriers they experience. Two hundred and twenty-seven patients (148 female patients) completed the survey. Crohn’s disease was present in 140 patients (61.5 %), while 87 had ulcerative colitis. Forty-one patients (16.4 %) never exercised, 82 patients (32.8 %) exercised 1–2 times per week, 59 (23.6 %) exercised 3–4 times per week, and 45 (18.0 %) exercised more than four times per week. Of the 186 who regularly exercise, 95 (51 %) reported moderate exercise intensity, 61 (33 %) reported light intensity, and 30 (16 %) reported vigorous intensity. Ninety-nine patients (44 %) reported that their IBD limited their exercise for reasons including fatigue (n = 81), joint pain (n = 37), embarrassment (n = 23), weakness (n = 21), and others. Although they may benefit from exercise, IBD patients experience considerable barriers to regular exercise secondary to the relapsing and remitting nature of IBD. Larger studies are needed to determine the effects of exercise on disease symptomatology and activity.
Zaydism: A Theological and Political Survey

Zaydism, one of the three major branches of Sh?‘ism, emerged in the early 2nd/8th century in the southern Iraqi city of Kūfa around the claims of the ‘Alid rebel, Zayd b. ‘Al? (d. 122/740). The sect initially consisted of a range of Sh?‘? groups that shared a common political agenda but differed in their opinions of the first two caliphs. The next three centuries witnessed the development of a cohesive Zayd? theology constructed primarily on the Mu‘tazil? belief in a just and rational God. Specifically, the Zayd?s affirmed free will and a theory of the imāmate that required armed uprising against tyrants under the leadership of a learned descendant of ‘Al? and Fātima. Zayd? Imāms established a number of long-standing political states, the most important of which was centered in northern Yemen around the city of . Intellectually, Yemen? Zaydism was challenged by a gradual Sunnification that began in the 9th/15th century (as epitomized by al-Shawkān? in the 19th century) and the intensification of Wahhāb? missionary activities in the 14th/20th century (epitomized by Muqbil ). These tensions persist into the modern period and have given rise to a new wave of political activism reflected in (a) the armed resistance of the ‘Youthful Believers’ led by the family and (b) the emergence of a new generation of Zayd? scholars such as Sālim ‘Izzān who do not trace their descent to ‘Al? and .
The Streamwise Evolution of Coherent Structures in the Axisymmetric Jet Mixing Layer

The dynamical equations governing the streamwise evolution of coherent structures in the axisymmetric jet shear layer are derived. The method utilized is similar to that used by Aubry et al (1988) and Glauser et al (1989). This method consists of performing a Galerkin projection, using the basis functions obtained from application of the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), onto the Navier Stokes equations. In this study, however, the so called random coefficients are written as a function of the streamwise direction, and not time as in the previous studies. This results in a boundary value problem and not an initial value problem as was the case in the afore mentioned work. This type of an approach is important from an experimentalist’s point of view. The two-point correlation tensor (needed for application of the POD) can be measured much easier at one streamwise location as a function of time difference rather than at many streamwise separations. The basic idea is to measure the two-point correlation at one streamwise location and infer the evolution of the coherent structures in the streamwise direction from the dynamical equations. These equations and some ideas on how to solve them numerically will be discussed.
The Ln-Ba-Cu 184 oxide phase : characterization, synthesis mechanism, and solid solubility limits in air for selected Ln

Abstract Tetragonal LnBa 8 Cu 4 O y compounds (Ln=Sm-Lu, Sc, excluding Tb). were synthesized in air from Ln 2 O 3 BaCO 3 , and CuO and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction. The synthesis mechanism whereby Dy “184” is formed from Dy 2 O 3 , BaCO 3 , and CuO was characterized. A 1:8:4 stoichiometric mixture of DyO 1.5 , BaCO 3 , and CuO reacts in air first to form BaCuO 2 and Dy 2 BaCuO 5 ; these react at higher temperatures with BaCO 3 to give the “184” compound. The “184” compound was also synthesized in O 2 from the appropriate molar ratio of BaO 2 , BaCuO 2 , and Dy 2 BaCuO 5 . The “184” solid solution region was characterized for selected Ln. A tetragonal to orthorhombic transition which spans a large Ba:Ln ratio is observed.
The Relationship of Pay to Job Attraction, Job Loyalty, and Performance for High Quality STEM Teachers

Improvement in the quality of education in science, technology, engineering and mathematics is vital to global competitiveness. The need for more effec - tive schools and the centrality of the teacher’s role in any substantive school improvement plans are well known. Educators, political factions, and policy- makers are engaged in a lively debate as to whether performance pay schemes or more substantial increments across the salary schedule are more likely to motivate teachers to boost student learning outcomes. Neither side questions that some type of financial incentive is necessary for robust results. Since the economy has made local districts less able to provide either type of financial incentive, this study examines whether expensive pay-related motivators are as essential as the current discussion would suggest. It finds that virtually cost- free motivators such as positional respect, positive working environment, per- sonal meaning, job security, and positive challenge may each be more effective in attracting, retaining, and inspiring quality teachers than any restructuring or improvement of financial compensation. Keywords: administration; education; personnel; technology Resumo: Melhorar a qualidade da educacao em ciencia, tecnologia, engenharia e matematica e vital para a competitividade global. A necessidade de escolas mais eficazes e a centralidade do papel do professor em quaisquer planos de melhoria substancial da escola sao bem conhecidos. Educadores, faccoes politicas e decisores politicos estao envolvidos num intenso debate sobre se sao os sistemas de remuneracao por desempenho ou aumentos substanciais em toda a tabela salarial que sao mais susceptiveis de motivar os professores para melhorar os resultados da aprendizagem dos alunos. Nenhum dos lados questiona que algum tipo de incentivo financeiro e necessario para obter resultados robustos. Uma vez que a economia tem tornado as autarquias locais menos capazes de fornecer qualquer destes tipos de incentivo financeiro, este estudo procurar examinar se os dispendiosos factores de motivacao salariais sao tao essenciais como parece sugerir este debate. Mostra-se que factores de motivacao virtualmente livre de custos, tais como respeito profissional, ambiente de trabalho positivo, realizacao pessoal, seguranca no trabalho e desafio positivo, podem ser mais eficazes para atrair, reter e inspirar professores de qualidade do que qualquer reestruturacao ou melhoria de compensacao financeira. Palavras-chave : administracao; educacao; pessoal; tecnologia
Brood pheromone stimulates pollen foraging in honey bees ( Apis mellifera )

Foraging and the mechanisms that regulate the quantity of food collected are important evolutionary and ecological attributes for all organisms. The decision to collect pollen by honey bee foragers depends on the number of larvae (brood), amount of stored pollen in the colony, as well as forager genotype and available resources in the environment. Here we describe how brood pheromone (whole hexane extracts of larvae) influenced honey bee pollen foraging and test the predictions of two foraging-regulation hypotheses: the indirect or brood-food mechanism and the direct mechanism of pollen-foraging regulation. Hexane extracts of larvae containing brood pheromone stimulated pollen foraging. Colonies were provided with extracts of 1000 larvae (brood pheromone), 1000 larvae (brood), or no brood or pheromone. Colonies with brood pheromone and brood had similar numbers of pollen foragers, while those colonies without brood or pheromone had significantly fewer pollen foragers. The number of pollen foragers increased more than 2.5-fold when colonies were provided with extracts of 2000 larvae as a supplement to the 1000 larvae they already had. Within 1 h of presenting colonies with brood pheromone, pollen foragers responded to the stimulus. The results from this study demonstrate some important aspects of pollen foraging in honey bee colonies: (1) pollen foragers appear to be directly affected by brood pheromone, (2) pollen foraging can be stimulated with brood pheromone in colonies provided with pollen but no larvae, and (3) pollen forager numbers increase with brood pheromone as a supplement to brood without increasing the number of larvae in the colony. These results support the direct-stimulus hypothesis for pollen foraging and do not support the indirect-inhibitor, brood-food hypothesis for pollen-foraging regulation.
Evaluation of cardiac conduction in anorexia nervosa.

Anorexia nervosa is a disorder characterized by excessive dieting, a morbid fear of becoming obese, a distorted body image and amenorrhea in women, The condition is seen chiefly in girls and young women but also occurs in men. Death in anorexia nervosa may be sudden, and the mortality rate is the highest of any psychiatric disease.1 Despite investigations of its endocrine and psychiatric manifestations, little has been written about cardiac conduction in this entity. We report a patient with anorexia nervosa who presented with syncope due to a sinus bradycardia. His bundle electrograms were performed during the course of her hospilalization, and revealed that the abnormalities were reversible with food intake.
Optimal planning of co-firing alternative fuels with coal in a power plant by grey nonlinear mixed integer programming model.

Abstract Energy supply and use is of fundamental importance to society. Although the interactions between energy and environment were originally local in character, they have now widened to cover regional and global issues, such as acid rain and the greenhouse effect. It is for this reason that there is a need for covering the direct and indirect economic and environmental impacts of energy acquisition, transport, production and use. In this paper, particular attention is directed to ways of resolving conflict between economic and environmental goals by encouraging a power plant to consider co-firing biomass and refuse-derived fuel (RDF) with coal simultaneously. It aims at reducing the emission level of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) in an uncertain environment, using the power plant in Michigan City, Indiana as an example. To assess the uncertainty by a comparative way both deterministic and grey nonlinear mixed integer programming (MIP) models were developed to minimize the net operating cost with respect to possible fuel combinations. It aims at generating the optimal portfolio of alternative fuels while maintaining the same electricity generation simultaneously. To ease the solution procedure stepwise relaxation algorithm was developed for solving the grey nonlinear MIP model. Breakeven alternative fuel value can be identified in the post-optimization stage for decision-making. Research findings show that the inclusion of RDF does not exhibit comparative advantage in terms of the net cost, albeit relatively lower air pollution impact. Yet it can be sustained by a charge system, subsidy program, or emission credit as the price of coal increases over time.
Provenance of chert in the Permo-Triassic Sydney Basin, Australia: oxygen isotopic evidence

Abstract Detrital chert in chert-rich Permo-Triassic sandstones in the Sydney Basin, Australia, has been previously thought to have been derived from marine bedded chert in the New England Fold Belt (NEFB). This marine bedded chert is associated with volcanic, sedimentary, and metasedimentary rocks. Though volcanic detritus is common in these chert-rich sandstones, sedimentary and metasedimentary rock fragments are rare. This rarity raises the question of whether the source of chert grains in these sandstones was, indeed, the marine bedded chert in the NEFB or whether there was an alternative source. Without confirming the origin of chert, the provenance interpretation seems equivocal. Since the conventional petrographic technique proved to be inadequate in determining the origin of chert, it is necessary to use a technique that can discriminate chert of one type from another. The oxygen isotopic composition of chert from different environments shows characteristic δ 18 O values and, therefore, is used in this study to differentiate chert based on their isotopic signatures. The oxygen isotopic composition of chert grains in Permo-Triassic sandstones in the Sydney Basin was determined and the δ 18 O values range between 12.7 and 20.8%c (SMOW). On the other hand, the isotopic composition of metamorphosed marine chert in the NEFB ranges between 23.0 and 25.2%. Texturally, detrital chert shows volcanic relicts while the bedded marine cherts show foliated texture. Both isotopic composition and texture are consistent with the interpretation that the primary source of the detrital chert was not from the NEFB but from an alternative source: chemically weathered volcanic rock.
SOME TESTS TO ESTABLISH CONFIDENCE IN PLANETS DISCOVERED BY TRANSIT PHOTOMETRY

Increased attention is being paid to transit photometry as a viable method for discovering or confirming detections of extrasolar planets. Several ground-based efforts are underway that target short-period, giant planets such as 51 Peg b, and several missions have been proposed to NASA and ESA to detect planets as small as Earth from spaceborne photometers. The success of these efforts depends in part on the ability to establish appropriate detection thresholds to control false alarm rates and the ability to assess the statistical confidence in planetary candidates drawn from any such search. This latter function attains higher importance for the space-based efforts, where direct ground-based confirmation of terrestrial-size planets is not possible. These tasks are complicated by the need to survey tens of thousands of stars to overcome the limited geometric probability of transit alignment and by the nature of the transit signals themselves. In this paper, we present empirical methods for setting appropriate detection thresholds and for establishing the confidence level in planetary candidates obtained from transit photometry of even a large number of stars. The methods are simple and allow the observer to quickly assess the statistical significance of any particular set of transits.
Rewriting Student Voice.

Progressive and radical visions of education have accorded student voice an important place in their critiques of traditional schooling and their proposals for change. In this paper, I examine and criticize two popular conceptions of student voice. The firstvoice as individual expression- is put forward by advocates of writing workshop approaches tothe teaching of writing. Workshop advocates emphasize students' desire to express their unique selves in writing, and how traditional instruction frustrates this desire. The second conception of student voice- voice as participation- comes from advocates of critical pedagogy. These advocates call for critical dialogues among teachers and students, within which student voices would sound and be heard. I conclude the paper by sketching an alternative conception, one that affirms the strengths of these previous versions, as well as responds to their weaknesses. I propose that voice be conceived of as aproject involving appropriation, social struggle and becoming. ...
Sulfur mustard as a carcinogen: Application of relative potency analysis to the chemical warfare agents H, HD, and HT

A relative potency method for assessing potential human health effects from exposures to relatively untested chemicals is presented and documented. The need for such a method in evaluating the carcinogenic potential of the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard (agent HD) from a limited data base is specifically addressed. The best-estimate potency factor for sulfur mustard relative to benzo[a]pyrene is 1.3, with an interquartile range of 0.6 to 2.9. The method is applied to (1) the estimated fence-boundary air concentrations of mustard during operation of a proposed agent incinerator at Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG), Maryland, and (2) the current approved general population exposure level of 1 X 10(-4) mg HD/m3 and the occupational exposure level of 3 X 10(-3) mg HD/m3. Maximum estimates of excess lifetime cancer risk for individuals at sites along the APG boundary range between 3 X 10(-8) and 1 X 10(-7). Lifetime cancer risk estimates less than or equal to 10(-6) are not now regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or the Food and Drug Administration. Maximum estimates of excess lifetime cancer risk assuming daily exposure to the approved standards during the proposed 5 years of incinerator operation are on the order of 10(-5) for the general public and 10(-4) for the worker population. These values are considered upper limit estimates.
Effect of acetylcholine on the subcellular distribution of 45Ca in bovine adrenal medulla.

Abstract Bovine adrenals were perfused with 45Ca in the presence and in the absence of acetylcholine. Extracellular 45Ca was washed out by prolonged perfusion with 45Ca-free medium. The 45Ca ( cpm mg protein) remaining in medullary tissue after washout was proportional to the per cent of the total catecholamine store released during stimulation with acetylcholine. These data support the hypothesis that calcium may act at an intracellular site to initiate the release process. Chromaffin granules present in the lower fractions of the density gradient of stimulated medullae contained relatively more 45Ca than similar fractions of control glands. These results indicate that the exchange of calcium in heavy chromaffin granules with calcium in the environment increases during stimulation of adrenal medulla with acetylcholine.
Dissociation of Growth Hormone and Prolactin Secretion in Parkinson's Disease Following Chronic l-Dopa Therapy

ABSTRACT Growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion during a 24-hr period was evaluated in 10 patients with Parkinson's disease who had ingested 2–5 g of l-dopa per day for 2.5 to 4 yr. None of the patients displayed clinical evidence of acromegaly and their mean ± sem concentration of GH over a 24-hr period, 2.37 ± 0.27 ng/ml, was normal. l-Dopa failed to stimulate GH secretion 79% of the time in these patients. Only one patient consistently demonstrated a GH secretory peak after each dose of l-dopa given during a 24-hr interval. Further evidence of disturbed GH regulation was provided by an unexpected suppression of GH following l-dopa in 3 patients and a paradoxical increase in GH following glucose found in 2 subjects. However, when challenged with insulin hypoglycemia, each of 7 patients tested responded with a normal GH secretory peak. The mean ± sem basal and peak GH response following insulin were 1.3 ± 0.2 and 15.6 ± 2.3 ng/ml, respectively. In all patients, serum PRL was appropriately supp...
Allicin-Induced Hypotension in Rabbit Eyes

ABSTRACT The intent of this work was to examine the actions of allicin on 1) intraocular pressure(IOP) in normal and unilaterally sympathectomized (SX) rabbits; 2) cAMP accumulation in the rabbit i...
Systemic tumor-specific gene delivery

The objective of a systemically administered cancer gene therapy is to achieve gene expression that is isolated to the tumor tissue. Unfortunately, viral systems have strong affinity for the liver, and delivery from non-viral cationic systems often results in high expression in the lungs. Non-specific delivery to these organs must be overcome if tumors are to be aggressively treated with genes such as IL-12 which activates a tumor immune response, and TNF-alpha which can induce tumor cell apoptosis. Techniques which have led to specific expression in tumor tissue include receptor targeting through ligand conjugation, utilization of tumor specific promoters and viral mutation in order to take advantage of proteins overexpressed in tumor cells. This review analyzes these techniques applied to liposomal, PEI, dendrimer, stem cell and viral gene delivery systems in order to determine the techniques that are most effective in achieving tumor specific gene expression after systemic administration.
Dynamic nuclear polarization of Pake doublets

Abstract In a dynamic nuclear polarization experiment, when the center of the microwave transition is saturated the low and high frequency peaks of a Pake doublet should exhibit negative and positive polarization respectively.
Acyclic Puromycin Analogs: 9-[(2-phenylalanylamidoethoxy) methyl] adenine and 9-(3-phenylalanylamidopropyl) adenine.

Two acyclic puromycin analogs, in which the 2′- and 5′-hydroxymethyl groups or the 2′-hydroxyl and 5′-hydroxyethoxy portions of the cyclic carbohydrate ring were excised, were synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of an in vitro protein-synthesizing system and for antiviral and antibacterial activity. No puromycin-like activity was seen with these conformationally free compounds.
Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Level in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels of 465 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were assayed retrospectively. Four cohorts were selected in order to investigate the enzymes: 1) stage IV...
IRIDIUM CHEMISTRY OF 1,6-BIS((TERT-BUTYLPHOSPHINO)METHYL)-1,3,5-CYCLOHEPTATRIENE

The new pincer ligand 1,6-bis((tert-butylphosphino)methyl)-1,3,5-cycloheptatriene is metalated by Ir(CO)xCl at the 7-position to give a pincer complex. This complex when treated with LiBEt3H gives ...
Bayes Risk Error is a Bregman Divergence

In previous work reported in these Transactions, we proposed a new distortion measure for the quantization of prior probabilities that are used in the threshold of likelihood ratio test detection: Bayes risk error. In this correspondence, we show that the Bayes risk error is a member of the class of Bregman divergences and discuss the implications of this fact.
Plasma and CSF HVA levels in panic patients with comorbid social phobia.

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that panic disorder (PD) with comorbid social phobia (SP) would be associated with abnormally low dopaminergic activity by examining CSF and plasma levels of the dopamine metabolite HVA in panic patients with SP (PD+SP), panic patients without SP (PD-SP), and a normal comparison group (NC)
Kurosawa Akira's One Wonderful Sunday: censorship, context and ‘counter-discursive’ film

Abstract Reading One Wonderful Sunday (Subarashiki Nichiyōbi, 1947) as counter-discursive film, this paper challenges humanist readings of the film to argue for a more critical commentary on the problematic postwar. The essay investigates the labels of ‘pro-democratic’ and ‘compliant’ director ascribed to Kurosawa Akira (1910–98), stemming from the reception of No Regrets for Our Youth (Waga seishun ni kuinashi, 1946). In light of Kurosawa's experience with negotiating censorship boundaries, the essay argues that Kurosawa's strategy should be read in terms of creativity and critique rather than mere compliance with external demands, with a close reading of One Wonderful Sunday providing evidence of critical construction. The film is placed in the context of SCAP policy to demonstrate that such ‘problematization films’ were not only useful to Occupation aims but welcome, seen as supporting the wider goal of rebuilding Japan in a realistic way. The essay concludes that simple binary expectations, attached t...
Performance enhancement of GaAs UTB pFETs by strain, orientation and body thickness engineering

III–V semiconductors can provide a viable option for continuous scaling of future CMOS technology [1–3]. We report a significant enhancement in the ON-current (I ON ) of ultra-thin body (UTB) GaAs intrinsic channel p-MOSFETs using biaxial compressive strain. Our theoretical investigation shows that valence bands (VB) become hyperbolic under compressive strain in GaAs rendering effective mass approximation (EMA) invalid. The ballistic I ON (∼Q inv (hole density) × V inj (injection velocity)) is governed mainly by the asymptotic group velocity (V grp ∼ α.V inj ) of the hyperbolic VBs, These bands can be engineered using GaAs body thickness (T ch ) scaling, compressive strain value and wafer orientation. V inj is primarily controlled by strain and T ch whereas, Q inv is governed mainly by the gate electrostatics, thus providing two separate design parameters to control I ON . Isotropic strain enhances V inj which gives a maximum improvement in I ON of ∼23–40% for [100]/(100) and [110]/(111) pMOSFETs for 5 nm body thickness at 4% compressive biaxial strain. Scaling body thickness from 5nm to 2nm improves ION by ∼2X for all the device orientations considered in this study.