cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic and kinetic properties of amorphous and liquid states

The magnitude and temperature dependence of the liquid state shear modulus G, specific heat C p, diffusivity D, and viscosity η should all be closely related, according to the interstitialcy model, if a recent proposal by Dyre et al. is generally true. They suppose that the viscosiety is given by η=η 0 exp (F/kT), where η 0 is a reference viscosity and F is given by the work required to shove aside neighboring particle in a diffusion process, where F=GV c and V c is a characteristic volume. In the interstitialcy model the high frequency thermodynamic liquid state shear modulus is given by G(T)=G 0 exp [−γ(T/T 0−1)], where G 0 is the shear modulus at a reference temperature T 0, which can be taken as the glass temperature. The resulting non-Arrhenius behavior of the viscosity is compared with experimental data. A critical quantitative analysis for a Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5 Ni10Be225 alloy does not support the shoving model, but the thermodynamic properties can be understood in terms of mixed interstitials composed of metal-beryllium complexes.
Sublethal effects of infection by Nosema heliothidis in the corn earworm, Heliothis zea

The reproductive and diapause potentials of Heliothis zea infected with the microsporidan Nosema heliothidis were compared to those of uninfected individuals. In per os and transovarian-infected adults, the reproductive potential was significantly affected as indicated by reductions in fecundity (20 and 13%), longevity (4 and 5 days), and mating success (16.2 and 23%, respectively). Under laboratory conditions, 13% fewer infected pupae initiated diapause and diapause intensity was decreased by 10.6 days. A reduction (29 days) was also noted in diapause intensity of field-collected H. zea . Other observations on infected individuals revealed that larval development was retarded by 3 days and that slight increases occurred in the incidences of pupal deformities and mating pairs that failed to separate. Egg hatch and direct host mortality were not influenced adversely by parasitation. These data suggest that although infection by N. heliothidis is sublethal in nature, the microsporidan may be a significant factor indirectly in the population dynamics of its host.
Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Adipokine-Induced Inflammation and Insulin Resistance

Over a third of the US population is obese and at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and other metabolic disorders. Obesity is considered a chronic low grade inflammatory condition that is primarily attributed to expansion and inflammation of adipose tissues. Indeed, adipocytes produce and secrete numerous proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines known as adipokines. When the balance of these adipokines is shifted towards higher production of proinflammatory factors, local inflammation within adipose tissues and subsequently systemic inflammation occur. These adipokines including leptin, visfatin, resistin, apelin, vaspin, and retinol binding protein-4 can regulate inflammatory responses and contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes. These effects are mediated by key inflammatory signaling molecules including activated serine kinases such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and serine kinases inhibitor κB kinase (IKK) and insulin signaling molecules including insulin receptor substrates, protein kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB). Bariatric surgery can decrease body weight and improve insulin resistance in morbidly obese subjects. However, despite reports suggesting reduced inflammation and weight-independent effects of bariatric surgery on glucose metabolism, mechanisms behind such improvements are not yet well understood. This review article focuses on some of these novel adipokines and discusses their changes after bariatric surgery and their relationship to insulin resistance, fat mass, inflammation, and glucose homeostasis.
Training Social Work Graduate Students in the Evidence-Based Practice Process:

Objective:This study tested the effects of integrating evidence-based practice (EBP) process material into a research curriculum for master of social work (MSW) students.Methods:A quasi-experimenta...
Water as a Crop: Limited Irrigation and Water Leasing in Colorado

The West is experiencing rapid population growth that is straining already limited water resources. As an example, the population in Colorado's South Platte River Basin is expected to increase by 65% (two million residents) during the next twenty-five years. New residents will require more than 400,000 acre-feet of water annually, but water supplies within the basin are fully appropriated. Increasing demands and limited alternatives suggest a water reallocation from agricultural to municipal use (Colorado Water Conservation Board). Water reallocation inspires contentious debate. Both public and private sectors invested heavily in irrigated agriculture rationalizing their effort based on collective well-being. Yet, current water right transfers are almost entirely market driven between willing buyers and sellers. While buyer and seller presumably benefit from the transaction, stakeholders believe that rural economies are at risk.
An Integral Equation Technique for Solving Rotationally Symmetric Electrostatic Problems in Conducting and Dielectric Material

In this paper a short survey of the available numerical techniques for solving electrostatic problems is given. It is determined that techniques based on integral equations have several advantages over other available techniques which are used to solve Laplace's equation. A pair of integral equations is derived which can be used to solve Laplace's equation in regions containing conductor-dielectric and dielectric- dielectric boundaries. A computer program to solve these equations in the case for geometries with axial symmetry is described. Results based on this program are given.
8-Substituted 3,4-dihydroquinolinones as a novel scaffold for atypical antipsychotic activity.

Abstract Several new, potent dopamine subtype 2 (DA D2) active compounds with serotonin subtype 2A (5-HT2A) pharmacology are presented. 8-Substituted 3,4-dihydroquinolinones, tetrahydroquinolines, and N-acyl tetrahydroquinolines were evaluated in primary assays. Subtle changes on this novel scaffold translated to large changes in potency and selectivity in vitro. These compounds show promise as novel atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia.
Optimizing infrainguinal arm vein bypass patency with duplex ultrasound surveillance and endovascular therapy.

Objective Infrainguinal bypass grafting with arm vein is associated with lower patency rates compared with saphenous vein conduits. In this study the effect of a duplex ultrasound surveillance program to enable identification and treat graft lesions with open or endovascular repair on patency was analyzed. Methods Over 9 years 89 infrainguinal arm vein (26% spliced vein) bypasses were performed to treat critical lower limb ischemia in 89 patients without adequate saphenous vein conduits. Seventy-six (85%) of the bypasses were repeat procedures. Grafts were assessed at operation with duplex ultrasound scanning, then enrolled in a surveillance program. Graft stenoses with peak systolic velocity greater than 300 cm/s and velocity ratio greater than 3.5, detected at duplex ultrasound scanning, were repaired with percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA) if specific criteria were met, including greater than 3 months since primary procedure, lesion length less than 2 cm, and graft diameter greater than 3.5 mm, or with open surgical repair for early appearing or extensive graft lesions. Results During a mean 26-month follow-up, duplex surveillance resulted in a 48% (43 bypasses) intervention rate. Primary patency rate was 43% at 3 years. Twenty-six (43%) of 61 lesions identified and repaired met criteria for PTA; the remaining 35 graft lesions (stenosis, n=30; vein graft aneurysm, n=5) were surgically corrected with vein patch angioplasty (n = 15), interposition grafting (n = 13), jump graft bypass (n = 6), or open repair (n = 1). At 3 years the assisted primary patency rate was 91% (7 graft failures). Multiple interventions were performed in 18 (42%) revised grafts because of metachronous (n = 6) or repair site stenosis (n = 12). In 18 graft interventions (PTA, n=9; surgery, n=9) recurrent stenosis developed, and endovascular therapy was used in one third (n = 6). At 3 years the stenosis-free patency rate for PTA (48%) and surgically repaired (53%) graft lesions was similar. Conclusions Arm veins used in lower limb bypass procedures are prone to development of stenosis and aneurysm, lesions easily detected with a life-long duplex ultrasound surveillance program. Excellent long-term patency (91%) was achieved despite graft intervention being performed in nearly half of all bypasses and one third of revised grafts. Endovascular treatment was possible in half of all graft stenosis, with outcomes similar to those with surgical repair.
Territoriality as a universal need 0

Three aspects of territoriality are important to consider when planning nursing care: a physical space of one's own, a personal space, and the territory of expertise or role. Territoriality serves four functions: it provides security, privacy, autonomy, and self-identity, all of which are important for well-being. Many factors, such as age, sex, culture, and health status, affect the way people relate spatially to one another. The nurse should assess territorial needs routinely by asking the patient questions and by observing him in his environment. If the patient is in his own home, she should avoid invading his territory without his permission and should help him maintain and protect his territory. If the patient must leave his own home to be hospitalized, she should help him establish a temporary territory elsewhere and help him adapt to the loss of his own physical space, personal space, and/or territory of expertise and role. Careful attention to territorial needs, particularly when the person is ill, at a vulnerable age, or is facing a move, can contribute a great deal to his health and well-being.
Habituation, sensitization, and emotional valence modulation of pain responses.

The Emotional Controls of Nociception (ECON) paradigm involves the presentation of emotionally-charged pictures during which painful stimuli are delivered. Across several ECON studies, unpleasant pictures enhanced pain and nociception, whereas pleasant pictures inhibited pain and nociception. However, at this time it is unknown whether emotional valence (unpleasant, neutral, pleasant) influences the habituation or sensitization of pain responses that occurs within a testing session. Indeed, ECON assumes that emotional valence modulation of pain is consistent throughout testing; otherwise the interpretation of valence modulation (unpleasant > neutral > pleasant) could be threatened. To address this issue, the present study (N = 120) presented 108 pictures that varied in emotional valence. During and in between pictures, 52 suprathreshold electrocutaneous stimuli were delivered to evoke pain, the nociceptive flexion reflex [NFR], and pain-evoked skin conductance response [SCR]. Mixed effects ANOVAs verified that within-subject changes in pain responses were influenced by stimulus repetition (NFR and SCR habituated, pain ratings sensitized) and emotional valence (responses were highest during unpleasant pictures, intermediate during neutral pictures, and lowest during pleasant pictures). However, habituation/sensitization slopes were unaffected by emotional valence, thus indicating emotional valence modulation was consistently observed throughout the testing session. These results provide additional validation for the ECON paradigm and suggest that the circuit responsible for emotional modulation of pain and nociception is less susceptible to habituation or sensitization than the circuits responsible for responses to suprathreshold shocks.
A woman writer's diary: Virginia woolf revisited

(1989). A woman writer's diary: Virginia woolf revisited. Prose Studies: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 57-71.
Changes in Synechococcus Population Size and Cellular Ribosomal RNA Content in Response to Predation and Nutrient Limitation

A mathematical model of predator-prey interactions was used to predict the relationship between population size and cellular growth rate in a two-tiered trophic system consisting of Synechococcus PCC 6301 and Tetrahymena pyriformis. As predicted, axenic chemostat cultures of Synechococcus responded to increased nutrient availability by expanding the equilibrium population size without a concurrent change in growth rate. Likewise, the addition of the predator Tetrahymena pyriformis decreased the Synechococcus population size by 85% and increased the Synechococcus growth rate. Synechococcus populations in the surface waters of the Gulf of Mexico were sampled to ascertain whether the relationship between population size and cellular 16S rRNA concentration conformed to that predicted by the model. Direct counts of autofluorescent cells in size-fractionated seawater samples provided an estimate of Synechococcus population size. The growth rate of in situ populations was estimated by measuring the extent of hybridization of an oligonucleotide probes complementary to Synechococcus 16S rRNA, based on evidence that ribosomal RNA content increases concurrently with growth rate. The comparison of in situ population sizes and specific growth rates revealed that relatively large Synechococcus populations were growing slowly, indicative of nutrient limitation, and that quickly growing populations were relatively small, as predicted for predator-limited populations.
Myocardin-related Transcription Factor-A Complexes Activate Type I Collagen Expression in Lung Fibroblasts

Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by the excessive deposition of a collagen-rich extracellular matrix. The accumulation of collagen within the lung interstitium leads to impaired respiratory function. Furthermore, smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts within the fibrotic lung contribute to disease progression. Because collagen and smooth muscle cell α-actin are coordinately expressed in the setting of fibrosis, the hypothesis was tested that specific transcriptional regulators of the myocardin family might also regulate collagen gene expression in myofibroblasts. Myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs), through their interaction with the serum-response factor (SRF) on CArG box regulatory elements (CC(A/T)6GG), are important regulators of myofibroblast differentiation. MRTF-A transactivated type I collagen gene reporters as much as 100-fold in lung myofibroblasts. Loss of functional MRTF-A using either a dominant negative MRTF-A isoform, shRNA targeting MRTF-A, or genetic deletion of MRTF-A in lung fibroblasts significantly disrupted type I collagen synthesis relative to controls. Analysis of the COL1A2 proximal promoter revealed a noncanonical CArG box (CCAAACTTGG), flanked by several Sp1 sites important for MRTF-A activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed the co-localization of MRTF-A, SRF, and Sp1 bound to the same region of the COL1A2 promoter. Mutagenesis of either the noncanonical CArG box or the Sp1 sites significantly disrupted MRTF-A activation of COL1A2. Together, our findings show that MRTF-A is an important regulator of collagen synthesis in lung fibroblasts and exhibits a dependence on both SRF and Sp1 function to enhance collagen expression.
Coordination in Auctions with Entry

Abstract We examine self-enforcing bidder coordination in auctions in which bidding is costly. Conditions on the distribution of valuations are identified that guarantee multiple equilibria. Under slightly stronger conditions, within the set of “sunspot” payoffs only those that are convex combinations of payoffs of extreme asymmetric equilibria are interim efficient for the bidders. If preplay communication is possible, every no-communication equilibrium payoff is interim Pareto-dominated for the bidders by some cheap-talk equilibrium payoff. When the number of auctions is large, communication equilibria exist that yield ex-post efficient payoffs for the bidders almost surely.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Numbers: D44, D82.
An examination of the solution conformations of bicuculline using NMR and theoretical methods

Abstract The temperature-dependence of the H1/H9 coupling constant and of the H6′ and H8 chemical shifts have been used to examine the solution conformation of the phthalide isoquinoline alkaloid, bicuculline, in terms of the central C1C9 dihedral angle (γ). The results indicate more than one low-energy conformation. A model with three low-energy conformations within ca. 10 kJ mol −1 of each other is suggested, similar to theoretical gas-phase results. Nuclear Overhauser enhancement studies support two of these minima. An estimate of 40 kJ mol −1 is derived as an upper limit for the barrier to internal conversation between the minima. A barrier to total rotation, of ca. 100 kJ mol −1 found in the gas-phase and due to steric hindrance, exists at γ ≌ 340°.
Long-Term Care Reconsidered: The Role of the Psychologist in the Geriatric Rehabilitation Milieu:

Traditional notions of rehabilitation must be expanded to incorporate a long-term care model sensitive to the unique needs of a heterogeneous geriatric population with multiple chronic impairments. This alternate treatment model posits a reconceptualization of health management within the context of developing a specific milieu to optimize resident psychological status. This milieu is conceived of as serving a geriatric mental health mandate. The relationship between this therapeutic milieu and resident quality of life is explored. The psychologist plays a vital role in articulating mental health objectives germane to the milieu's therapeutic success. The psychologist's specific programmatic interventions at multiple levels of the milieu and their underlying rationale are discussed.
Methods of in-vivo mouse lung micro-CT

Micro-CT will have a profound influence on the accumulation of anatomical and physiological phenotypic changes in natural and transgenetic mouse models. Longitudinal studies will be greatly facilitated, allowing for a more complete and accurate description of events if in-vivo studies are accomplished. The purpose of the ongoing project is to establish a feasible and reproducible setup for in-vivo mouse lung micro-computed tomography (μCT). We seek to use in-vivo respiratory-gated μCT to follow mouse models of lung disease with subsequent recovery of the mouse. Methodologies for optimizing scanning parameters and gating for the in-vivo mouse lung are presented. A Scireq flexiVent ventilated the gas-anesthetized mice at 60 breaths/minute, 30 cm H20 PEEP, 30 ml/kg tidal volume and provided a respiratory signal to gate a Skyscan 1076 μCT. Physiologic monitoring allowed the control of vital functions and quality of anesthesia, e.g. via ECG monitoring. In contrary to longer exposure times with ex-vivo scans, scan times for in-vivo were reduced using 35μm pixel size, 158ms exposure time and 18μm pixel size, 316ms exposure time to reduce motion artifacts. Gating via spontaneous breathing was also tested. Optimal contrast resolution was achieved at 50kVp, 200μA, applying an aluminum filter (0.5mm). There were minimal non-cardiac related motion artifacts. Both 35μm and 1μm voxel size images were suitable for evaluation of the airway lumen and parenchymal density. Total scan times were 30 and 65 minutes respectively. The mice recovered following scanning protocols. In-vivo lung scanning with recovery of the mouse delivered reasonable image quality for longitudinal studies, e.g. mouse asthma models. After examining 10 mice, we conclude μCT is a feasible tool evaluating mouse models of lung pathology in longitudinal studies with increasing anatomic detail available for evaluation as one moves from in-vivo to ex-vivo studies. Further developments include automated bronchial tree segmentation and airway wall thickness measurement tools. Improvements in Hounsfield unit calibration have to be performed when the interest of the study lies in determining and quantifying parenchymal changes and rely on estimating partial volume contributions of underlying structures to voxel densities.
Hypnosis in the Treatment of Patients with Severe Burns

Burn injuries are a frequent form of trauma, the care for which typically involves repeated, intrusive procedures and acute, excruciating levels of pain. Although research in the use of hypnosis with burn patients is largely anecdotal there is emerging evidence that the burn unit may be one of the most useful arenas for the clinical application of this technique. The acute, identifiable nature of burn care procedures and the emotional state of patients in trauma care both provide an often receptive setting for the use of this intervention.
Adrenocorticotropin responses to naloxone in sons of alcohol-dependent men

The endogenous opioid system is part of a neural circuitry functionally related to alcohol-seeking behaviors. A family history of alcoholism is the strongest predictor of future development of alcohol dependence. This study was designed to evaluate ACTH responses to opioid receptor blockade as a function of family history for alcohol dependence. The nonselective opioid antagonist naloxone stimulates ACTH secretion by blocking opioidergic input on paraventricular corticotropin-releasing factor neurons, thereby providing a methodology for comparing hypothalamic opioid tone between study groups. Sixty nonalcoholic subjects, aged 18–25 yr, were enrolled in a protocol to measure the ACTH response to naloxone. Thirty-two subjects were offspring from families with a high density of alcohol dependence and were designated as family history-positive subjects. Twenty-eight subjects were offspring of nonalcohol-dependent parents and were designated family history-negative subjects. Subjects received naloxone (125 μg/...
In vitro polishing effectiveness of interdental aids on root surfaces

The purpose of this study was: to determine whether polishing standardized proximal root surfaces with dental floss, Superfloss, wood and plastic interdental cleaners, using a polishing paste, produces any significant change on root surface roughness; and to determine the effectiveness of different number of strokes in polishing. 80 tooth specimens were prepared, 10 in each of 8 sample groups. Each proximal root surface was standardized with 600A grit silicone carbide paper and polished with either waxed dental floss, Superfloss, wood or plastic interdental cleaners, using alkali aluminum silicate polishing paste. All specimens were mounted on a flossing machine and polished with 10 or 20 strokes. Before and after polishing, measurements were recorded with the Surfanalyzer 150 System to produce profile and average roughness tracings. Average maximum peak heights, mean number of peaks, and mean average roughness values were calculated from the tracings. The data were analyzed statistically by paired t-test and Student t-test. No significant mean differences were found between the number of strokes used. No significant differences were found for waxed dental floss in relation to the values analyzed. Significant differences were found for maximum peak heights for Superfloss following 20 strokes of polishing. However, no significant differences were found for Superfloss for mean number of peaks and average roughness. Significant differences were found for average roughness values, maximum peak heights, and mean number of peaks for the wood and plastic interdental cleaners. It was concluded that root surface roughness increased significantly with the use of wood and plastic interdental cleaners but not with waxed dental floss or Superfloss.
Antiestrogens stimulate expression of transiently transfected and endogenous genes in rat pituitary tumor cell lines.

Abstract Tamoxifen, nafoxidine, and clomiphene (1 × 10 −5 M) cause 5- to 15-fold increases in transient expression of plasmids transfected into rat somatomammotrophic pituitary tumor cell lines. To be effective, the antiestrogen must be present during the calcium phosphate transfection though it does not enhance the nuclear uptake or stability of transfected plasmid. The effect occurs with mammalian (rat growth hormone, mouse metallothionein I) or viral (thymidine kinase, Rous sarcoma virus) promoters and is inhibited by prior exposure of cells to high concentrations of estradiol but not glucocorticoid, progesterone or testosterone. Cis -tamoxifen, a conformation with much lower affinity for the estrogen receptor, has only one-fifth the effect of tamoxifen. Neither estradiol nor diethylstilbestrol have similar effects. Tamoxifen also increases endogenous rat growth hormone mRNA in these pituitary tumor cell lines. Transient expression in a number of other cell lines (JEG-3, COS-7, PC-12) is unaffected by tamoxifen suggesting the effect may be cell-type specific though MCF-7 cells are slightly responsive. The mechanism for the potent stimulation of gene transcription by these agents is not apparent but may be relevant to the mechanism of action of these agents as estrogen antagonists in vivo.
Arthroscopic resection in the management of dorsal wrist ganglions: results with a minimum 2-year follow-up period.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this report is to review the results of arthroscopic resection of dorsal wrist ganglions. Methods Forty-one patients with dorsal wrist ganglions had arthroscopic resection: 24 women and 17 men. The average patient age was 29.8 years. All of the patients had some or all of the following: pain, localized swelling, and limited range of motion. Along with clinical examination, 19 wrists had ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging to confirm diagnosis. Twelve patients had previous injections with recurrence. The average follow-up time to date is 47.8 months (range, 28–97 months). Results Overall postoperative motion improved compared with preoperative values. No cases of scapholunate instability were noted. The average postoperative grip strength improved significantly. Only 2 ganglions recurred and required 2 attempts at open resection for successful eradication the ganglion. No major intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred. Conclusion Arthroscopic ganglionectomy is a safe and reliable alternative to open resection.
Spinodal density enhancements in simulations of relativistic nuclear collisions

We recently introduced a fluid-dynamical model for simulating relativistic nuclear collisions in the presence of a first-order phase transition and made explorative studies of head-on lead-lead collisions. We give here a more detailed account of this novel theoretical tool and carry out more exhaustive studies of the phase-separation dynamics. Extracting the density enhancement caused by the spinodal instabilities, the associated clump size distribution, and the resulting transverse flow velocity, we examine the sensitivity of these quantities to the strength of the gradient term that promotes the phase separation, to the details of the initial density fluctuations that form the seeds for the subsequent amplification, and to the equation of state.
Microprocessors in Consumer Markets

The main purpose of this session was to explore the future of microprocessors in high-volume consumer markets. Three speakers provided us with prepared talks—Larry Marsh of General Motors, Gamond Schultz of RAMTEK, and Steve Mayer of Atari. Three further impromptu speakers were solicited at the Workshop—Jim Russell of Essex International, Charley Hobbs of Hobbs Associates, and Larry Kuller of CDC.
Subsurface structural features of the Saline Range and adjacent regions of eastern California as interpreted from isostatic residual gravity anomalies

New gravity data indicate a large unexpected anomaly in the Saline Range and other anomalies in neighboring ranges and valleys of eastern California. Residual gravity anomalies, calculated by subtracting the field due to an Airy model of isostatic compensation, show the effects of lateral density contrasts in the upper crust. A well-defined negative gravity anomaly is centered over the Saline Range and connects the Eureka Valley and Saline Valley gravity minima. Apparently, the Saline Range is a thin veneer of young volcanic material lying on a major alluvium-filled basin connected on the north with Eureka Valley and on the south with Saline Valley. We suggest that the basin formed in a pull-apart zone that filled with low-density alluvium and became the site of voluminous Pliocene volcanic eruptions. The age of this depression predates volcanism of the Saline Range dated at about 4 Ma. Other significant anomalies are as follows: (1) An offset in the Owens Valley fault at lat 37°01′N appears in the isostatic residual gravity data and marks the western end of a major gravity depression that continues across the Inyo Mountains at Papoose Flat. The gravity depression suggests that the Papoose Flat pluton is larger than suggested by its surface exposure and may extend on the order of 10 km below the topographic surface. (2) A density boundary trends west-northwest across the Inyo batholith and Proterozoic and Paleozoic rocks of the White Mountains. This trend is anomalous to exposed geologic structures and may reflect a structural boundary buried at relatively shallow depth. (3) A large gravity low, unexpected on the basis of exposed geologic features, is in the eastern Sierra Nevada southwest of the town of Lone Pine.
Synthesis of a phthalocyanine and porphyrin 2D covalent organic framework

A new phthalocyanine and porphyrin based hybrid covalent organic framework, CoPc-PorDBA COF, has been synthesized and its gas storage properties have been measured. The CoPc-PorDBA COF crystallizes into 2D sheets with an eclipsed AA stacking motif, and it showed high surface area (SBET = 1315 m2 g−1), and can store up to 0.8 wt% of H2 at 77 K and 1 bar and 0.6 wt% of CH4 at 298 K and 1 bar.
CGLIB—a constraint-based graphics library

CGLIB is a high-level graphics library for B-Prolog, a constraint logic programming system. The library provides primitives for creating and manipulating graphical objects and a set of constraints including not-overlap, grid, table and tree constraints that facilitate the specification of the layouts of objects. The library adopts a construct called action rules which is available in B-Prolog for creating agents and programming interactions among agents or between agents and the user. The library is a fully working system implemented in B-Prolog, Java and C. It can be used in many areas such as drawing editors, interactive user interfaces, document authoring, animation, information visualization, intelligent agents and games. The high-level abstraction of the library and the use of constraints and action rules in the specification of layouts and behaviors can significantly enhance the productivity of the development of graphics. We demonstrate through several examples the effectiveness of the library as a tool for developing graphics-rich and interactive user interfaces. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
VISUALIZING THE STRESS DISTRIBUTION WITHIN VASCULAR TISSUES USING INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND ELASTOGRAPHY: A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

A methodology for computing the stress distribution of vascular tissue using finite element-based, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) reconstruction elastography is described. This information could help cardiologists detect life-threatening atherosclerotic plaques and predict their propensity to rupture. The calculation of vessel stresses requires the measurement of strain from the ultrasound images, a calibrating pressure measurement and additional model assumptions. In this work, we conducted simulation studies to investigate the effect of varying the model assumptions, specifically Poisson's ratio and the outer boundary conditions, on the resulting stress fields. In both simulation and phantom studies, we created vessel geometries with two fibrous cap thicknesses to determine if we could detect a difference in peak stress (spatially) between the two. The results revealed that (i) Poisson's ratios had negligible impact on the accuracy of stress elastograms, (ii) the outer boundary condition assumption had the greatest effect on the resulting modulus and stress distributions and (iii) in simulation and in phantom experiments, our stress imaging technique was able to detect an increased peak stress for the vessel geometry with the smaller cap thickness. This work is a first step toward understanding and creating a robust stress measurement technique for evaluating atherosclerotic plaques using IVUS elastography.
Rapid thrombelastography (r-TEG) identifies hypercoagulability and predicts thromboembolic events in surgical patients.

Background Despite routine prophylaxis, thromboembolic events (TEs) in surgical patients remain a substantial problem. Furthermore, the timing and incidence of hypercoagulability, which predisposes to these events is unknown, with institutional screening programs serving primarily to establish a diagnosis after an event has occurred. Emerging evidence suggests that point of care (POC) rapid thrombelastography (r-TEG) provides a real-time analysis of comprehensive thrombostatic function, which represents an analysis of both enzymatic and platelet components of thrombus formation. We hypothesized that r-TEG can be used as a screening tool to identify hypercoagulable states in surgical patients and would predict subsequent thromboembolic events. Methods Rapid thrombelastography r-TEG analyses were performed on 152 critically ill patients in the surgical intensive care unit (ICU) during 7 months. Hypercoagulability was defined as clot strength (G)>12.4 dynes/cm 2 . Variables of interest for identifying hypercoagulability and thromboembolic events included sex, age, operating hospital service, specific injury patterns, injury severity score (ISS), transfusion within first 24 h, ICU duration of stay, ventilator days, hospital admission days, and thromboprophylaxis. Comparisons between the hypercoagulable and normal groups or between the groups with and without thromboembolic events were performed using Chi-square tests or the Fisher exact test for categorical variables and independent sample t tests or Wilcoxon rank sum tests for continuous variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis (LR) was performed to identify independent predictors of thromboembolic events. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to measure the performance of G for predicting the occurrence of a TE event. All tests were 2-sided with significance of P Results In all, 86 patients (67%) were hypercoagulable by r-TEG. More than 85% of patients in the hypercoagulable group and 79% in the normal group received thromboprophylaxis during the study period. The differences between hypercoagulable and normal groups by bivariate analysis included high-risk injuries (52% vs 35%; P = .03), spinal cord injury (27% vs 12%; P = .03), median ICU duration of stay (13 vs 7 days; P P P P 2 increase in G, the odds of a TE increased by 25%. Conclusion These results indicate that the presence of hypercoagulability identified by r-TEG is predictive of thromboembolic events in surgical patients. Subsequent study is necessary to define optimal prophylactic treatment strategies for patients with r-TEG proven hypercoagulability.
Miscible Displacement of Initial Solute Distributions in Laboratory Columns

Traditional laboratory column systems that were designed to apply tracer solution at one end of the column and collect the effluent at the other end cannot be used to study miscible displacement of initial solute distributions created by multiple inputs of the same (or different) solutes at several locations in the column. Rather, these experimental scenarios require a column system in which the tracer can be injected directly into the flow field. Miscible displacement in a laboratory column system designed for this purpose was investigated. Specifically, the influence of initial solute distributions on the breakthrough curve (BTC) was analyzed using the one-dimensional (1-D) convection-dispersion equation (CDE). Numerical and experimental tests were performed to evaluate the conditions for which one can use a 1-D Dirac delta source solution to model the initial value problem posed by miscible displacement tests in the column system. For a given outlet boundary condition, if the injected solute was distributed over a distance no larger than 5% of the distance (L) between the injection point and the column outlet, and the column Peclet number (Pe) was not too large (<200), the solute distribution after injection can be assumed as a Dirac delta function for solving the initial value problem.
Changes in species composition of phytoplankton due to enrichment by N, P, and Si of water from a North Florida Lake

Water samples were collected from Lake Jackson, near Tallahassee, Florida, and enriched with N, P, N + P, and Si in the laboratory in April, 1969 and January, 1970. After time intervals of 3 and 6 days in April, and 13 days additionally in January, phytoplanktonic algae in the cultures were enumerated as to species composition and cell numbers with an inverted plankton microscope. Controls, to which no nutrients were added, were also maintained to determine changes arising from culture-room conditions.
Bill Sponsorship and Intraracial Voting among African American Representatives

Understanding the political implication of increasing minority, descriptive representation through race-conscious redistricting has been of major interest to congressional researchers in recent years. This research departs from past studies by examining intraracial roll-call voting behavior among African American representatives. Utilizing bill sponsorship data over an 8-year period (1991-1998) and event count regression, this investigation reveals that a variety of forces are at work to explain Black legislative behavior. Among them, the party controlling Congress, electoral margin of victory, and tenure in office account for variations in Caucus behavior. The political implications of these findings are discussed in the context of representative democracy.
Evaluation of maize plant introductions for cold tolerance

We evaluated cold-tolerance responses of 144 plant introductions (PI) of maize (Zea mays L.), attempting to include in our sample at least one PI adapted to each of the countries or ecological zones respresented in the maize germplasm collection at the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station at Ames, Iowa, USA. Plant introductions were grown for 42 days in plastic boxes (26 cm long × 19 cm wide × 10 cm deep) in a growth chamber maintained at 10±1 °C. Cold-tolerance responses of each PI were evaluated by three traits: 1) percentage emergence (recorded 30 days after planting), 2) emergence index, an estimate of rate of emergence, and 3) seedling dry weight (sampled 42 days after planting). Estimates of variances and heritabilities for these three traits were large, suggesting that genotypic variation for cold tolerance in the maize germplasm collection would be sufficient to permit selection advance. Furthermore, genotypic correlations among the three traits were high: therefore, improvement by index selection should be possible. Correlations between the cold-tolerance traits and days from planting to 50% silk emergence (an estimate of maturity obtained at Ames. Iowa, USA) were low. Days from planting to 50% silking emergence for the 25 most cold-tolerant PI's ranged from 46 for PI 214279 from Canada to 106 for PI 331440 from Ethiopia. It should be possible, therefore, to develop cold-tolerant genotypes adapted to all latitudes.
Charles Burnett Creator of African American Culture on Film

Charles Burnett, award-winning filmmaker and scriptwriter, creates images on film that reflect African American culture. Burnett's films celebrate the Black familiar and confirm that African Americ...
A call for focusing on productivity: It directly affects inflation, cost of living, job stability ¿ and the quality of life

In a little noticed sentence in the 1978 Economic Report of the President of the United States, the U.S. Council of Economic Advisors states that the slowdown in productivity growth in the United States is ?one of the most significant economic problems of recent years.? The slowdown affects almost every major issue facing U.S. citizens ? the U.S. trade balance, the expansion of inflation, the number of jobs available, the very quality of life. And yet, this phenomenon has attracted insufficient attention among the nation's policy makers.
Neural regulation of N-cadherin gene expression in developing and adult skeletal muscle

Using monoclonal antibody and cDNA probes, we have studied N-cadherin gene expression in developing and adult chick skeletal muscle. N- cadherin was expressed by developing myotubes during the period of initial nerve-muscle contact but was downregulated within days of innervation. Treatment of embryos with d-tubocurare partially reversed this downregulation. In the adult, there were muscle fiber type differences in N-cadherin expression. N-cadherin was undetectable on normally innervated twitch fibers, while multiply innervated tonic muscle fibers expressed low but readily detectable levels of N- cadherin. Denervation led to the renewed expression of N-cadherin in twitch fibers as well as a marked increase in expression in tonic fibers. Levels of N-cadherin expressed by tonic fibers could also be modulated by animal housing conditions that favored either increased or decreased levels of daily motor activity. Increased motor activity was correlated with decreased levels of N-cadherin, while decreased motor activity correlated with increased levels of muscle N-cadherin. Results of in vitro studies using the calcium channel agonist ryanodine suggest that changes in intracellular calcium may be the initial signal linking neural stimulation with changes in muscle fiber expression of N- cadherin. Together, our results indicate that neural stimulation of chick skeletal muscle fibers dynamically and reversibly downregulates the expression of N-cadherin mRNA and protein. This pattern of regulation may be functionally important in limiting and/or promoting axon growth in innervated versus denervated muscle and may serve as a molecular model system for studies of the activity-dependent regulation of gene expression.
Polyphony: A Workflow Orchestration Framework for Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing has delivered unprecedented compute capacity to NASA missions at affordable rates. Missions like the Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) and Mars Science Lab (MSL) are enjoying the elasticity that enables them to leverage hundreds, if not thousands, or machines for short durations without making any hardware procurements. In this paper, we describe Polyphony, a resilient, scalable, and modular framework that efficiently leverages a large set of computing resources to perform parallel computations. Polyphony can employ resources on the cloud, excess capacity on local machines, as well as spare resources on the supercomputing center, and it enables these resources to work in concert to accomplish a common goal. Polyphony is resilient to node failures, even if they occur in the middle of a transaction. We will conclude with an evaluation of a production-ready application built on top of Polyphony to perform image-processing operations of images from around the solar system, including Mars, Saturn, and Titan.
Dissolution of Governments in Scandinavia: A Critical Events Perspective*

For many years, scholars have sought to discover why governments in Western European parliamentary democracies frequently dissolve before the time constitutionally mandated for the holding of elections. Recent research has suggested the potential importance of unpredictable changes in the political environment for bringing about governmental dissolutions. Although not specifically described. the importance of ‘critical events‘ is suggested by both aggregate patterns of dissolutions and anecdotal accounts of particular governments. It is our purpose in this paper to develop further this critical evenrs perspective and evaluate empirically actual governmental histories in light of these developments. Two specific goals are pursued. First, we delineate categories of critical events, thereby grounding the concept of a critical event within existing knowledge of governmental stability. Second, we apply this categorical schema of events to the dissolution of Scandinavian governments during the years 1945–1980. In so doing, we seek not only to assess the adequacy of our conceptualization of events, but also to provide a theoretically and substantively accurate account of the death of modern Scandinavian governments.
ELITE VERSUS GRASSROOTS: Disjunctures between Parents' and Civil Rights Organizations' Demands for New York City's Public Schools

Much of the sociological and historical literature, ignoring long-standing interclass disputes over integration, takes for granted that during the 1950s, all blacks, parents, and members of civil rights organizations included, sought desegregation. This article examines the interests of different segments of New York City's black community regarding the public schools during that era. I use contemporary newspaper accounts of protests and more recent theoretical insights to analyze and interpret differences in expressed goals and demands. This article not only documents considerable educationally oriented protest in a Northern city during a decade often overlooked by scholars, but highlights important class-based differences within a single city's black community regarding changes needed. Of particular interest to social movement scholars are findings that reveal a large disjuncture between the demands of the grassroots parents' organizations and established, elite civil rights organizations. While civil rights organizations sought abstract ideals of integration, parents demanded tangible improvements in their children's schools. Class-based cultures and experiences are posited as the root of this disjuncture.
Magnetic Resonance Microscopy with Cardiovascular Applications

Abstract Traditional methods of imaging and studying cardiac and arterial disease are either invasive and require histological sectioning or they involve ionizing radiation. Magnetic resonance microscopy makes it possible to nondestructively study the in vivo hemodynamics of single vessels as small as 100 μm in diameter and the morphology of prepared vessels as small as 10 μm. The techniques described here are performed on specialized magnetic resonance scanners that are available at fewer than 20 sites worldwide. This review describes the phenomena that are detected and measured in magnetic resonance microscopy experiments and highlights applications that have contributed to cardiovascular research . © 1996, Elsevier Science Inc. (Trends Cardiovasc Med 1996;6:247–254).