cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Application of UF-911 Ultrasonic Flow-meter to Water Flow Measurement & Management of Shaobo Irrigation Area

An UF-911 multi-channels ultrasonic flow-meter for open irrigation ditch(OID) is introduced in this article.The measurement theory and system structure,typical configuration and application scheme for OID flow measurement in Shaobo irrigation area is described.After discussing several data exchange modes among the integrated flow management system and the distributed flow acquiring spots in water supply project,the implementation scheme for flow concentrate management system of OID in Shaobo irrigation area based on wireless communication network technology is bright up in the article,and a set of complete sample for the layout and implementation of water flow monitoring and integrated management in the countryside irrigation ditches are provided.
Cause by Omission and Norm: Not Watering Plants

ABSTRACTPeople generally accept that there is causation by omission—that the omission of some events cause some related events. But this acceptance elicits the selection problem, or the difficulty of explaining the selection of a particular omissive cause or class of causes from the causal conditions. Some theorists contend that dependence theories of causation cannot resolve this problem. In this paper, we argue that the appeal to norms adequately resolves the selection problem for dependence theories, and we provide novel experimental evidence for it.
When love meets hate: The relationship between state policies on gay and lesbian rights and hate crime incidence

Do public policies on gay and lesbian rights affect the incidence of hate crimes based on sexual orientation? We propose that legal inequalities increase hate crimes because they provide discursive opportunities for bias, discrimination, and violence. Legal equality, however, will reduce violence. Using annual panel data from 2000 to 2012, a period of substantial policy change, we analyze how three state policies affect reported hate crimes: same-sex partnerships, employment non-discrimination, and hate crime laws. Hate crime and employment non-discrimination laws that include sexual orientation reduce hate crime incidence. Partnership recognition increases reported hate crimes, though it may not increase actual crime incidence. Because incidence is spatially correlated, policy changes in one state yield spillover benefits in other states. These results provide some of the first quantitative evidence that public policies affect hate crimes based on sexual orientation. Findings confirm the roles of institutional heterosexism and discursive opportunities in producing hate crimes.
An Outward-Facing Open Conformational State in a CLC Transporter

As secondary active transporters, CLCs harness energy stored in one ion concentration gradient (Cl- or H+) to pump the other ion against its electrochemical gradient. This occurs through tight coupling of protein conformational changes to ion binding, unbinding, and translocation events. Crystal structures suggest that the conformational change from occluded to outward-facing states is unusually simple, involving only the rotation of a conserved glutamate (Gluex) upon its protonation. Here, we combine spectroscopy, cross-linking studies, crystallography, and computation to evaluate this simple model. Using 19F NMR and double electron-electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy, we show that as [H+] is increased to enrich the outward-facing state, residues distant from Gluex move. Consistent with the functional relevance of this motion, a cross-link designed to inhibit the motions reduces transport. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the cross-link dampens extracellular gate-opening motions. Together, the results indicate the existence of a previously uncharacterized “outward-facing open” conformational state. A computational model based on the asymmetry exchange hypothesis for transporters with inverted-topology repeats (Forrest et al. 2008, PNAS) predicts such a state. To test the computational model, we monitored H+-induced structural changes using DEER spectroscopy on >20 sets of doubly labeled ClC-ec1 protein samples. Experimental distance distributions are compared with those derived from the ClC-ec1 X-ray structure and the model using restrained-ensemble molecular dynamics simulations (Roux et al. 2013, J Phys Chem B). Preliminary results show H+-dependent structural changes consistent with the computational model that can also be used to refine it. These results highlight the relevance of global structural changes in CLC function and provide the necessary foundation for understanding the Cl-/H+ coupling mechanism.
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) and Mood Disorders

Mood dysregulation is a common feature among women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), both before and after diagnosis. The etiology of POI may stem from endocrinological, genetic, surgical, or unknown causes, and all causes appear to have mood disorders at a rate that may be higher than that of the general female population. This chapter reviews the most common mood disorders, i.e., depression and anxiety, found in association with POI, the timing of their onset, theories of pathogenesis, and approaches to management. While not every patient with POI experiences a form of depression or anxiety, when a mood disorder is present, it should be clinically addressed.
SU-F-T-635: Lung SBRT: Dosimetric and Treatment Time Comparison of Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy and Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy in Clinically Treated Cases

Purpose: To compare three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) Methods: A retrospective study of clinically treated lung SBRT cases treated between 2010 and 2015 at our hospital was performed. All treatment modalities were included in this evaluation (VMAT, 3D CRT, static IMRT, and dynamic conformal arc therapy). However, the majority of treatment modalities were either VMAT or 3D CRT. Treatment times of patients and dosimetric plan quality metrics were compared. Treatment times were calculated based on the time the therapist opened and closed the patient's treatment plan. This treatment time closely approximates the utilization time of the treatment room. The dosimetric plan quality metrics evaluated include ICRU conformity index, the volume of 105% prescribed dose outside PTV, the ratio of volume of 50% prescribed dose to the volume of PTV, the percentage of maximum dose at 2 cm away from PTV to the prescribed dose, and the V20 (percentage of lung volume receiving 20 Gy or more). Results: Treatment time comparisons show that on average VMAT has shorter treatment times than 3D CRT. Dose conformity, defined by the ICRU conformity index, and high dose spillage, defined by the volume of 105% dose outside the PTV, is reduced when using VMAT compared to 3D CRT. V20 and intermediate dose spillage/fall-off metrics of VMAT and 3D are not significantly different. Conclusion: Clinically treated lung SBRT cases indicate VMAT is superior to 3D with regard to shorter treatment times, plan dose conformity, and plan high dose spillage.
Harvesting a Chicana Cultural Landscape: The Manipulation in Sandra Cisneros’ “Women Hollering Creek”

One of the most prevalent themes characterizing Chicana/o literature relates to land, nature, and the environment. An examination of nar-rative precursors leading to the Chicano Civil Rights Movement, as well as those leading to the development of a Chicana/o literary expression during the 1960s and 1970s, speaks to an unfading thematic tradition. The continuation of detailed textual expressions of landscapes in Chicana/o narratives underlines a specific cultural relationship indicative of a Chicana/o cultural interrelation to the land. The focus on land and landscapes in Chicana/o literature elucidates how people see, organize, and situate themselves within their own universe. Descriptions of land contextualize and define Chicana/o cultural reality as Chicanas/os reckon with how environmental factors play a role in shaping and framing reality as experience. Landscapes become frameworks wherein ideologies of historical nature are represented through a cultural lens making the author’s ideas as well as perceptions about land culturally relevant and significant.
Poetic Ethics in Proverbs: Wisdom Literature and the Shaping of the Moral Self

The Book of Proverbs' frequent use of binary oppositions - righteous and wicked, wise and foolish - has led many to assume that its vision of the moral world is relatively simplistic. This study demonstrates that Proverbs in fact presents a remarkably sophisticated response to ethical questions of profound concern to the Israelite sages who crafted the book: what motivates human beings? How do they learn? How does the power of desire shape human characters? Anne W. Stewart analyzes Proverbs' multifaceted collection of images and metaphors to reveal their complex understanding of the development of the moral self, which suggests that character formation requires educating all of the senses and not simply the cognitive faculties. One of few works to make explicit connections between the poetic form of Proverbs and its pedagogical function, Poetic Ethics in Proverbs will appeal to all those interested in literary approaches to the Bible.
Photoswitchable Rabi Splitting in Hybrid Plasmon-Waveguide Modes.

Rabi splitting that arises from strong plasmon–molecule coupling has attracted tremendous interests. However, it has remained elusive to integrate Rabi splitting into the hybrid plasmon–waveguide modes (HPWMs), which have advantages of both subwavelength light confinement of surface plasmons and long-range propagation of guided modes in dielectric waveguides. Herein, we explore a new type of HPWMs based on hybrid systems of Al nanodisk arrays covered by PMMA thin films that are doped with photochromic molecules and demonstrate the photoswitchable Rabi splitting with a maximum splitting energy of 572 meV in the HPWMs by controlling the photoisomerization of the molecules. Through our experimental measurements combined with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations, we reveal that the photoswitchable Rabi splitting arises from the switchable coupling between the HPWMs and molecular excitons. By harnessing the photoswitchable Rabi splitting, we develop all-optical light modulators and rewritable waveg...
Calculation of excess Gibbs energy of activation for viscous flow in (ionic liquid + co-solvent)

Abstract Recently, a comment was published (J. Chem. Thermodyn. 106 (2017), pp. 216–217) regarding the calculation of the (molar) excess Gibbs energy of activation for viscous flow ( Δ G m E ∗ ) in binary mixtures of (ionic liquids + solvent). In that comment, it was suggested that the functional form we reported was in error. Here, we show that direct substitution of Eyring’s Theory of Absolute Reaction Rates into the excess Gibbs energy expression that the functional form presented in our original work indeed holds true.
Stereoacuity after small aperture corneal inlay implantation.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare stereoacuity before and after KAMRA corneal inlay implantation for the correction of presbyopia. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a prospective study of 60 patients who underwent KAMRA inlay implantation. Patients were examined before and 6 months after surgery for stereoacuity, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), and uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA). RESULTS The mean stereoacuity before surgery was 29.5±28.1 arcsec (range: 20-200) and at 6 months was 29.8±26.4 arcsec (range: 20-200). The decline in stereoacuity was not statistically significant. At 6 months follow-up, UDVA was 20/25 or better in all 60 patients and UNVA was J2 (20/25) or better in 51 (85%) patients. CONCLUSION There is no significant change in stereoacuity following KAMRA inlay implantation. The KAMRA inlay is a good treatment option for improving near vision in presbyopic patients while preserving stereoacuity and distance vision.
Decoding the Fourteenth Amendment's Citizenship Clause: Unlawful Immigrants, Allegiance, Personal Subjection, and the Law

The purpose of this article is to decode the jus soli principles of the Fourteenth Amendment’s Citizenship Clause. It seeks to examine the legal tenets of birthright citizenship in the late nineteenth century, and concludes the Citizenship Clause is not an absolute command, and may be supplemented by legislation dependent on the tenets of allegiance, personal subjection, and international norms. From the 1866 Civil Rights Act through the Supreme Court’s decision in United States v. Wong Kim Ark, this article will trace the legal tenets of birthright citizenship as a means to better understand the Citizenship Clause. Part I of this article discusses birthright citizenship from the founding era to its ratification in the Fourteenth Amendment. Part II discusses the first attempt to legislate who was 'subject to the jurisdiction' of the United States, and its importance in understanding the constitutional scope of the Citizenship Clause. Part III traces the diverging interpretations of the Citizenship Clause from 1875 before the landmark decision Wong Kim Ark. Part IV addresses the holding in Wong Kim Ark, if it is consistent with the original understanding of the Fourteenth Amendment, and whether it prevents excluding the children of unlawful aliens from citizenship. Lastly, Part V discusses how the passage of such legislation may come about, and the policy considerations that Congress must weigh before enacting it. It seeks neither to support nor oppose legislation limiting birthright citizenship. Instead, it seeks to center the debate on the potential of said legislation.
Urinary NGAL deficiency in recurrent urinary tract infections

Introduction Children with recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI) often show no identifiable cause of their infections. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is known to be upregulated within the uroepithelium and kidney of patients with UTI and exhibits a localized bacteriostatic effect through iron chelation. We hypothesize that some patients with rUTI without an identifiable cause of their recurrent infections have locally deficient NGAL production. We therefore explored whether a lack of NGAL production may be a factor in the pathogenesis of rUTI.
Harmonic mitigation in interphase power controller using passive filter-based phase shifting transformer

A novel, genetic-algorithm based, design method of the passive filter-based phase shifting transformers is presented. The method improves the reliability, effectiveness, and accuracy of the filter. The filter is employed in an interphase power controller (IPC), a FACTS device unique in its power-transmitting properties. The paper demonstrates how the implementation of the proposed filter in the IPC structure significantly reduces the total harmonic distortion without affecting the IPC characteristics.
Colorimetric Evaluation of Mahi-Mahi and Tuna for Biogenic Amines

ABSTRACTThe Food and Drug Administration and National Marine Fisheries Services grade tuna and mahi-mahi using trained sensory panels in order to determine the quality of these fish. A major concern with both species is the presence of histamine in the flesh, which can cause scombroid poisoning, a severe illness that can lead to death. Three different assays were examined in an attempt to correlate sample grade with biogenic amine content. The first method, acetic acid Drager tubes, was only effective in identifying the highest grade (lowest quality) of mahi-mahi. The second method was a bromophenol blue (BPB) colorimetric strip that was sensitive to volatile biogenic amines. The third method was a histamine-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) that detected analytes in the liquid phase. The results of the BPB and ELISA methods showed a correlation between sample grade and biogenic amine content for mahi-mahi. The same correlation was not observed with the tuna samples, likely due to physiol...
Long-Term Land Cover Data for the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, 2010–2050

Land cover data are often used to examine the impacts of landscape alterations on the environment from the local to global scale. Although various agencies produce land cover data at various spatial scales, data are still limited at the regional scale over extended timescales. This is a critical data gap since decision-makers often use future and long-term land cover maps to develop effective policies for sustainable environmental systems. As a result, land change science incorporates common data mining tools to create future land cover maps that extend over long timescales. This study applied one of the well-known land cover change models, called Land Transformation Model (LTM), to produce urbanization maps for the Lower Peninsula of Michigan in United States from 2010 to 2050 with five year intervals. Long-term urbanization data in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan can be used in various environmental studies such as assessing the impact of future urbanization on climate change, water quality, food security and biodiversity.
Neurotrophic effects of Cerebrolysin® in animal models of excitotoxicity

Excitotoxicity might play an important role in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. In the mouse brain, kainic acid (KA) lesioning results in neurodegeneration patterns similar to those found in human disease. For this study, two sets of experiments were performed in order to determine if Cerebrolysin™ ameliorates the alterations associated with KA administration. In the first set of experiments, mice received intraperitoneal KA injections followed by Cerebrolysin™ administration, while in the second, mice were pretreated with Cerebrolysin™ for 4 weeks and then challenged with KA. Behavioral testing in the water maze and assessment of neuronal structure by laser scanning confocal microscopy showed a significant protection against KA lesions in mice pretreated with Cerebrolysin™. In contrast, mice that received Cerebrolysin™ after KA injections did not show significant improvement. This study supports the contention that Cerebrolysin™ might have a neuroprotective effect in vivo against excitotoxicity.
Melanocytes and Vitiligo (and Hair Graying)

Melanocytes are an essential cell type found in the skin and hair. These cells provide pigmentation and thus photoprotection from ultraviolet radiation. Current understanding of the process of pigmentation comes from studying pigmentation mutants in a variety of species. This knowledge informs further understanding of photoprotection and cancer biology, as the skin is the most common site of cancer in humans. The clinical significance of melanocytes is apparent in vitiligo, the most common hypopigmentary disorder worldwide. It is an acquired disease, characterized by progressive loss of melanocytes which manifests as white macules on the skin, mucosa, or hair. Vitiligo is understood as an autoimmune process and is associated with other autoimmune diseases. Management of vitiligo includes use of several drug classes, most commonly topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, phototherapy, and photochemotherapy. Recent work investigating the hair bulge has shed light on adult hair follicle stem cells and the various factors in the hair follicle milieu that govern the growth and differentiation of various cell types that comprise hair. These findings have led to further inquiries related to hair follicle regeneration. In hair, the role of melanocytes is clinically evidenced by the natural phenomenon of hair graying, which represents the impaired ability of melanocytes to maintain normal homeostasis and replenish melanin for newly growing hair. Recent elucidation of pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for hair graying has potential impact on the current understanding of aging in other organ systems. Further understanding of melanocytes will help inform improved prevention and treatment of skin and hair diseases.
Profit-based file replication in data intensive cloud data centers

Many of the applications running in cloud data center are data intensive, processing large amount of data inside the data center. File replication, which brings data files closer to the computing virtual machines (VMs), is an effective strategy that reduces data access latencies and bandwidth consumption, thus saving energy in data centers. In this paper, we formulate and study the file replication problem (FRP) in data center, with the goal of minimizing the total energy consumption of data file access inside data centers. In contrast to all the existing work of data replication in data centers, which are mainly heuristic based, we design a time-efficient approximation algorithm with performance guarantee for energy consumption in file replication. In particular, our file replication algorithm is based on a novel concept called “profit”, and optimizes over a submodular function that can be computed efficiently. Our algorithm yields the total profit of file replication at least half of what is achieved by an optimal replication solution. We also design two energy- and time-efficient heuristic file replication algorithms. Via extensive simulations using CloudSim, a popular simulation framework for cloud computing, we compare all the algorithms under different network scenarios. We show that the approximation algorithm outperforms the other two under different network parameters, while all three effectively reducing the total energy consumptions of data access in data centers.
Case 64: A General Anesthesia in a Patient Who Has Had a Recent Eye Operation

A 76-year-old man (ASA 2, weight 70 kg, and height 5′9″) is scheduled for a right total hip replacement under both general and spinal anesthesia. He has declined a pure regional block and wants to be asleep. Twenty days ago, he underwent an uneventful vitrectomy and internal drainage of a large subretinal hemorrhage under monitored anesthesia care. He is otherwise healthy with moderate hypertension which is well controlled.
The White Middle Class

Some years ago a student came to me for academic advisement. Halfway through our session she stopped in mid-sentence to broach what she described as a sensitive subject. After several false starts, following each of which she profusely apologized for what she had been about to say, she asked my opinion regarding a campus job she held. One of her responsibilities, she explained, was to prepare materials for an impending conference, but she was dependent upon others to provide her with input before she could proceed. One of these, a black student leader, kept missing her deadlines. The problem had therefore become: Was it appropriate to say something to this student? Although my advisee experienced no difficulty in calling her white subordinates to account, she feared that saying something disapproving to a black person would be interpreted as “racist.” When I asked her if she thought she was applying a harsher standard to this student than to the others, she indicated that she was not. When I further inquired what she would expect of her own child, if she had one, she replied that she would insist that would be better to act as if nothing were wrong.
Assembling a protective shield

A previously unidentified protein complex termed Shieldin acts with the nucleosome-binding protein 53BP1 to limit end resection at DNA double-strand breaks, impacting myriad biological outcomes, from immunology to cancer therapy, and highlighting the importance of chromatin responses to DNA damage in vertebrates.
Response to pembrolizumab and lenalidomide in advanced refractory mycosis fungoides.

Primary cutaneous T-Cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a rare but heterogeneous group of extra-nodal lymphoproliferative disorders. Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common subset [1]. While prognosis in ear...
The familiar-melody advantage in auditory perceptual development: Parallels between spoken language acquisition and general auditory perception

How do learners build up auditory pattern knowledge? Findings from children's spoken word learning suggest more robust auditory representations for highly familiar words than for newly learned words. This argues against spoken language learning as a process of simply acquiring a fixed set of speech sound categories, suggesting instead that specific words may be the relevant units. More generally, one might state this as the specific-learning hypothesis-that acquiring sound pattern knowledge involves learning specific patterns, rather than abstract pattern components. To understand the nature of human language knowledge, it is important to determine whether this specific learning reflects processes unique to spoken language learning or instead reflects more general auditory-learning processes. To investigate whether the specific-learning hypothesis extends to auditory pattern learning more generally, the present study tested the perceptual processing of familiar melodies versus carefully matched unfamiliar melodies. Children performed better at both audiovisual mapping (Exp. 1) and same-different auditory discrimination (Exp. 2) when hearing familiar melodies than when hearing unfamiliar melodies. This is consistent with the specific-learning hypothesis and with exemplar-style general-auditory accounts of pattern learning, although alternative explanations are possible.
Differential Transcriptome Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in the Cecal Tonsil of Susceptible and Resistant Turkeys

The nearly-ubiquitous food and feed-borne mycotoxin aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) is carcinogenic and mutagenic, posing a food safety threat to humans and animals. One of the most susceptible animal species known and thus a good model for characterizing toxicological pathways, is the domesticated turkey (DT), a condition likely due, at least in part, to deficient hepatic AFB₁-detoxifying alpha-class glutathione S-transferases (GSTAs). Conversely, wild turkeys (Eastern wild, EW) are relatively resistant to the hepatotoxic, hepatocarcinogenic and immunosuppressive effects of AFB₁ owing to functional gene expression and presence of functional hepatic GSTAs. This study was designed to compare the responses in gene expression in the gastrointestinal tract between DT (susceptible phenotype) and EW (resistant phenotype) following dietary AFB₁ challenge (320 ppb for 14 days); specifically in cecal tonsil which functions in both nutrient absorption and gut immunity. RNAseq and gene expression analysis revealed significant differential gene expression in AFB₁-treated animals compared to control-fed domestic and wild birds and in within-treatment comparisons between bird types. Significantly upregulated expression of the primary hepatic AFB₁-activating P450 (CYP1A5) as well as transcriptional changes in tight junction proteins were observed in AFB₁-treated birds. Numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines, TGF-β and EGF were significantly down regulated by AFB₁ treatment in DT birds and pathway analysis suggested suppression of enteroendocrine cells. Conversely, AFB₁ treatment modified significantly fewer unique genes in EW birds; among these were genes involved in lipid synthesis and metabolism and immune response. This is the first investigation of the effects of AFB₁ on the turkey gastro-intestinal tract. Results suggest that in addition to the hepatic transcriptome, animal resistance to this mycotoxin occurs in organ systems outside the liver, specifically as a refractory gastrointestinal tract.
A case report of an abnormal trend in hCG levels in a pregnancy complicated by ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

Abstract Objective To present a case of abnormally trending hCG levels due to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and to portray the obscurities of this commonly used method for tracking early pregnancies. Design Case report. Setting Outpatient ART facility. Patient A patient who received controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in an ART cycle. Intervention Supportive care. Main outcome measure hCG level. Result The hCG levels in this patient with OHSS trended in an abnormal fashion, suggesting a failing or ectopic pregnancy, but the patient had a normal intrauterine fetus. Conclusion hCG levels may be falsely low in pregnancies complicated by OHSS.
Tunable Magnon Interactions in a Ferromagnetic Spin-1 Chain.

${\mathrm{NiNb}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ is an almost ideal realization of a 1D spin-1 ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain compound with weak unidirectional anisotropy. Using time-domain THz spectroscopy, we measure the low-energy electrodynamic response of ${\mathrm{NiNb}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ as a function of temperature and external magnetic field. At low temperatures, we find a magnonlike spin excitation, which corresponds to the lowest energy excitation at $q\ensuremath{\sim}0$. At higher temperatures, we unexpectedly observe a temperature-dependent renormalization of the spin-excitation energy, which has a strong dependence on field direction. Using theoretical arguments, exact diagonalizations, and finite temperature dynamical Lanczos calculations, we construct a picture of magnon-magnon interactions that naturally explains the observed renormalization. We show how magnetic field strength and direction may be used to directly tune the sign of the magnon-magnon interaction. This unique scenario is a consequence of the spin-1 nature and has no analog in the more widely studied spin-$1/2$ systems.
ESR experiments on the Kondo insulator CeNiSn

Below a characteristic temperature, due to hybridization effects, Kondo insulators exhibit a gap in the electronic density of states and behave like semiconductors. By using ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ electron spin resonance, the compound $\mathrm{CeNiSn}$ was investigated as a representative of this class. In addition, the metal-to-insulator transition was studied as a function of doping for ${\mathrm{CeNi}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{x}\mathrm{Sn}$ and ${\mathrm{CeNi}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{Pt}}_{y}\mathrm{Sn}.$ The linewidth of the Gd resonance yields direct information about the density of states at the Fermi energy. So the size of the gap can clearly be estimated for the pure compound, and the closing of the gap by substitution of Ni by Co or Pt can be followed in detail. These results are compared to measurements of NMR, specific heat, and susceptibility.
Azimuthal, spatial, and temporal variability of acoustic intensity in cross-shelf direction during the yearlong shallow water Canada Basin Acoustic Experiment 2016–2017

A yearlong study of spatial, temporal, and azimuthal variability of sound propagation with simultaneously measured oceanography on Chukchi shelf is reported. In a shallow water region, two acoustic sources were deployed for studying the “along” and “cross-shelf” propagation. The “along-shelf” study is presented separately [J. Ascout. Sci. Am. 145 (2019)]. Here, we focus on the “cross-shelf” signal propagation in two frequencies (0.7–1.1 and 1.5–4 kHz) transmitted from a single sound source placed near the sound channel axis in 320 m water depth. Three “cross-shelf” acoustic tracks connected the source and three receiver arrays placed along 50 m isobath. The angle between east most and west most tracks was around 106 deg. Another array at 250 m isobath was deployed along the middle track. Sound emitted from the common source shows different behavior along each track. Concurrently, detailed water column salinity and temperature were measured by environmental arrays in both “along” and “cross-shelf” directions. Sea surface ice was measured by an upward looking sonar for several months. Seasonal injection of different water masses in this region and variations of sea surface conditions (full-ice, transition, and free-surface) are examined using the acoustical oceanographic data. This paper quantifies analysis using correlation between acoustics and oceanographic signals. [Work supported by ONR 322OA.]
Heteroatom substituted zeolite FAU with ultralow Al contents for liquid-phase oxidation catalysis

Heteroatom framework-substituted zeolites are important materials that enable shape- and size-selective catalysis. The efficacy of these materials for desired catalytic reactions depends critically on dispersive interactions between the microporous void of the zeolite and the reactant molecules stabilized within it. Here, we develop a post-synthetic method to synthesize base and transition metal-substituted (Ti, Nb, Ta, and Sn) FAU with ultralow Al contents (Si : Al > 900), which is confirmed using X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, and N2 volumetric adsorption and 29Si MAS-NMR, DRUV-vis, and IR spectroscopic characterization. Turnover rates for styrene (C8H8) epoxidation within Ti-FAU are 2- and 7-fold greater than in analogous Ti-BEA and Ti–SiO2, respectively; yet, turnover rates of H2O2 decomposition are similar for all three materials. Consequently, Ti-FAU gives greater rates and selectivities for this reaction than common Ti-bearing silicates. The mechanism for epoxidation remains constant for all Ti-silicates examined (i.e., Ti-FAU, Ti-BEA, and Ti–SiO2). Therefore, the improved performance of Ti-FAU reflects differences in activation free energies for epoxidation that show an enthalpic preference in Ti-FAU relative to Ti–SiO2 and an entropic gain relative to Ti-BEA. These results demonstrate the synthesis of M-FAU with ultralow Al contents are useful for catalytic reactions involving bulky reactants that can not occur in smaller pore zeotype materials (Ti-MFI), that exhibit deactivation due to changes in Ti-atom coordination (e.g., Ti–SiO2), and that are prone to losses catalyzed by residual Bronsted acid sites (e.g., epoxidations, oxidations, and isomerization reactions).
You Can't Always Get What You Want… We Will Help You Get What You Need.

It is important to acknowledge that this case, like most ethics cases, is a tragic situation. It appears that this family was fully prepared for the baby to die shortly after birth. Even though Neo...
Caregiver-relevant perspectives from a multi-stakeholder collaborative advisory board on adapting a child mental health intervention to be delivered in child-welfare settings.

Adapting evidence-based mental health interventions (EBI) to be provided in child welfare (CW) settings by CW workers could reduce barriers to families receiving mental health care. In order to pro...
“Four lives lost”: Criminalization and innocence in the case of the San Antonio Four

In April 2016, the documentary Southwest of Salem: The Story of the San Antonio Four premiered to critical acclaim at the Tribeca Film Festival. The film explores the strange series of events that led to the 15-year wrongful incarceration of four queer Latina women for child sexual abuse during the course of “satanic rituals” in San Antonio, Texas, in 1994. This article unpacks the relationship between Southwest of Salem and the cases levied against the women in order to explore the tensions that exist between narratives of innocence, criminal culpability, and the production of intersectional identities. In doing so, it examines the pressures of normalizing discourses on narratives of exoneration, demonstrating how the intersection of queer and Latinx positionalities produced a tragic paradox that required a measure of self-effacement in the name of vindication.
What Is Organized Screening and What Is Its Value

Most screening in the United States occurs in an opportunistic fashion, although organized screening occurs in some integrated health care systems. Organized colorectal cancer (CRC) screening consists of an explicit screening policy, defined target population, implementation team, health care team for clinical care delivery, quality assurance infrastructure, and method for identifying cancer outcomes. Implementation of an organized screening program offers opportunities to systematically assess the success of the program and develop interventions to address identified gaps in an effort to optimize CRC outcomes. There is evidence of that organized screening is associated with improvements in screening participation and CRC mortality.
Survey on iodine nutrient in vulnerable population in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu in 2006

Objective To assess iodine nutrient levels of vulnerable population in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu. Methods Local pregnant, lactation, child-bearing age women and 0 - 3 years old infants were selected. The urinary iodine (UI) were determined by arsenic-Ce catalytic spectrophotometry (WS/T 107-1999) and salt iodine content was determined using direct titration method (GB/T 13025.7-1999). The development quotient (DQ) among 0 - 3 years old infants were surveyed by the scales of neuropsychologists development among 0 - 6 years old, and their body height and weight were then investigated. Results The consumption and coverage rates of iodized salt at household level were all below than 90% in 5 counties among 8 counties. The median urine iodine (MUI) among pregnant, lactation, child-beating age women and 0 - 3 years old infants were 90.17, 89.28, 84.85 and 107.28 μg/L, respectively. The UI proportion less than 50 μg/L were 29.6%(278/938), 30.7%(239/778), 32.2% (265/824), and 23.9%(252/1056), respectively. The UI proportion equal or more than 50 μg/L and less than 100 μg/L were 25.1%(235/938), 24.0%(187/778), 23.7%(195/824), 23.7%(250/1056). MUI in pregnant were all less than 150 μg/L in 8 counties, and MUI in lactation women were less than 100 μg/L in 6 counties. The DQ median of infants 0 - 3 years old was 93.0, and 59.9%(395/659), 34.4%(227/659) and 5.6%(37/659)had a DQ below middle, at middle and above middle, respectively. Forty point seven percent (266/654), 50.2%(328/654) and 9.1% (60/654) had a body height below middle,at middle and above middle, respectively. Thirty-five percent (232/663), 51.3%(340/663) and 13.7%(91/663) had a body weight below middle, at middle and above middle, respectively. Conclusions The local qualified iodized salt consumption rate and iodized salt coverage rate are still low. The urine iodine level is below than the reference value recommended. The iodine nutrient is not enough among iodine deficiency disorder vulnerable population, especially in pregnant and lactation women. Infants growth development is retarded. Key words: Iodine; Nutritional assessment; Growth and development; Data collection
A Conceptual Framework of Financial Advice-Seeking and Short- and Long-Term Financial Behaviors: An Age Comparison

The purpose of this study is to construct a conceptual framework and examine the relationships between perceived financial capability, financial stressors, financial advice-seeking behavior, and short-and long-term financial behaviors. Furthermore, this study examines whether there exists an age difference in these relationships. Using the 2012 National Financial Capability Study, this paper suggests that perceived financial capability is positively associated with advice-seeking behavior, and short- and long-term desired financial behaviors. Further, financial stressors are negatively associated with financial behaviors, but positively associated with financial advice-seeking behavior. Seeking professional advice is positively associated with short- and long-term financial behavior and mediates the relationship between financial stressors and financial behaviors. A positive association is observed between short-term and long-term financial practice. Moreover, socio-demographic characteristics are also examined, including observations about age differences in the proposed relationships. Implications for consumers, financial practitioners, and policymakers are also discussed.
Interrogating the Effects of Hydrogen on the Behavior of Planar Deformation Bands in Austenitic Stainless Steel

The effects of internal hydrogen on the deformation microstructures of 304L austenitic stainless steel have been characterized using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD), high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HRSTEM), and nanoprobe diffraction. Samples, both thermally precharged with hydrogen and without thermal precharging, were subjected to tensile deformation of 5 and 20 pct true strain followed by multiple microscopic interrogations. Internal hydrogen produced widespread stacking faults within the as-forged initially unstrained material. While planar deformation bands developed with tensile strain in both the hydrogen-precharged and non-precharged material, the character of these bands changed with the presence of internal hydrogen. As shown by nanobeam diffraction and HRSTEM observations, in the absence of internal hydrogen, the bands were predominantly composed of twins, whereas for samples deformed in the presence of internal hydrogen, e-martensite became more pronounced and the density of deformation bands increased. For the 20 pct strain condition, α′-martensite was observed at the intersection of e-martensite bands in hydrogen-precharged samples, whereas in non-precharged samples α′-martensite was only observed along grain boundaries. We hypothesize that the increased prevalence of α′-martensite is a secondary effect of increased e-martensite and deformation band density due to internal hydrogen and is not a signature of internal hydrogen itself.
Synthesis and styrene copolymerization of novel trisubstituted ethylenes: 10. Ring-monosubstituted octyl phenylcyanoacrylates

Novel trisubstituted ethylenes, ring-monosubstituted octyl phenylcyanoacrylates, RPhCH=C(CN)CO2CH2(CH2)6CH3 (where R is 2-(4-chlorophenoxy), 3-(4-methoxyphenoxy), 4-(4-methoxyphenoxy), 4-acetoxy, 4-acetamido, 4-cyano, 4-dimethylamino, 4-diethylamino, 2-bromo, 3-bromo, 2-trifluoromethyl, 3-trifluoromethyl, 4-trifluoromethyl, 3-trifluoromethoxy, 4-trifluoromethoxy) were prepared and copolymerized with styrene. The ethylenes were synthesized by the piperidine catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring-substituted benzaldehydes and octyl cyanoacetate, and characterized by CHN analysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR. All the ethylenes were copolymerized with styrene in solution with radical initiation (ABCN) at 70C. The compositions of the copolymers were calculated from nitrogen analysis.
Utilization of part C early intervention services for patients with cleft palate.

Abstract Objectives To investigate the utilization of early intervention services under Part C of the 2004 Individuals with Disabilities Educational Act for children with cleft palate and to better understand barriers these patients encounter when receiving services. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on children under the age of 18 who were treated for cleft palate at a single tertiary care center and referred to Tennessee's Early Intervention System (TEIS) between January 2007 and December 2018. Results For the 61 patients included, developmental therapy was the most common TEIS referral made (n = 408, 28%), followed by speech therapy (n = 371, 26%). Most of these services were delivered as scheduled (n = 513, 80%); some families missed appointments without notifying the provider (i.e., family no-show)(n = 101, 2%). Children referred at a younger age were more likely to receive developmental therapy (p = 0.012) and to attend their services (p = 0.027). Patients with Medicaid were more likely to have absences with prior notification (p = 0.05) and without prior notification (i.e., family no-show)(p = 0.009) than patients with other types of health insurance. Conclusions Patients with cleft palate often have complex needs; earlier referral to ancillary services may improve attendance at appointments and impact the services they receive. Socioeconomic factors may hinder patients from accessing these services even once they are referred.
Statistical and Economic Approaches to Legal History

Legal historians currently make remarkably little use of economic theory or of statistical tests. The neglect of economics and statistics may reflect misperceptions of these fields, both of which have changed dramatically in the last two decades. For example, legal historians may reject economic analysis, because they view it as theoretical and abstract, as politically conservative, or as naively functionalist. While each of these claims might have been true twenty years ago, they are largely false today.Scholars outside the legal history community, most notably economists, however, have begun to use rational choice theory and regression analysis to investigate issues which are at the core of legal history - the causes of legal change and the effect of legal change on behavior. This article uses citation analysis to substantiate the claim that legal historians make little use of economics and statistics. It then attempts to show how economics and statistics can contribute to legal history by giving examples of recent work which use economics and statistics to illuminate the determinants and effects of legal change.
Full power operation of an ultra-compact, low voltage Reltron microwave source

This paper presents the results of a characterization study performed on the pulsed power system of the UNM Reltron, an ultra-compact, low voltage (∼100 kV) high power microwave source. The results presented include vacuum system operation, full power operation of the pulsed power system, and initial operation of the tube. Since the electron beam modulator is essentially the heart of the Reltron, responsible for the efficient generation of the electron bunches in a short distance, we also present cold test measurements on the electron beam modulator and microwave extraction system. The main objective of the research was to characterize the electron beam modulator and identify a regime of stable operation.
Islam and Conflict Transformation

On January 24, 2013, Islamic Relief Worldwide collaborated with the University of Manchester's Humanitarian and Conflict Response Institute (HCRI) to hold a conference on Islam and Conflict Transfo...
The Contrasting Plant Assemblages from Permian and Triassic Deposits in Southern Continents [Abstract]

Abstract The Permian and Triassic floras of southern areas show striking differences. Glossopteris is a dominating element in the Permian, and Dicroidium commonly is dominant in the Triassic. The southern plants also contrast with contemporary floras of the north. Coniferophytes shared the ancient division into northern and southern groups, a division which still persists. Fossil southern plants probably were derived from older groups of plants of northern regions. Two periods of land-plant intercommunication between northern and southern areas seem indicated. Isolation could most readily be explained if only brief connections formed across the epicontinental Tethys. Intercommunication may have occurred in the Carboniferous and very late in the Permian. Dating periods of floral transfer would help in correlation. Floral differences near the Permian-Triassic boundary do not indicate points of origin or extinction for groups of plants. Abrupt displacement of the Glossopteris flora by a Dicroidium flora very early in the Triassic is not fully explained but may be clarified with the aid of palynology. For stratigraphic purposes, records of southern plants must continue to be interpreted in relation to a zonation based on marine fossils.
Toddler Inhibitory Control, Bold Response to Novelty, and Positive Affect Predict Externalizing Symptoms in Kindergarten

Poor inhibitory control and bold-approach have been found to predict the development of externalizing behavior problems in young children. Less research has examined how positive affect may influence the development of externalizing behavior in the context of low inhibitory control and high approach. We used a multimethod approach to examine how observed toddler inhibitory control, bold-approach, and positive affect predicted externalizing outcomes (observed, adult- and self-reported) in additive and interactive ways at the beginning of kindergarten. 24-month-olds (N = 110) participated in a laboratory visit and 84 were followed up in kindergarten for externalizing behaviors. Overall, children who were low in inhibitory control, high in bold-approach, and low in positive affect at 24-months of age were at greater risk for externalizing behaviors during kindergarten.