cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Voltage versus current characteristics of high Tc superconductors described by a statistical series-parallel model

Abstract A statistical series-parallel model is presented to estimate the voltage versus current characteristics of high T c superconducting samples. It consists of ‘excellent’ and ‘poor’ superconducting sections with parallel paths of normal material connected together in series. Unconventional statistics taking into account lower and upper bound for the local critical current is used to analyse the experimentally observed characteristics. As a special case, the influence of the proximity effect on the magnetic field dependence of the thickness of the ‘poor’ sections is calculated. It is shown that the flux line pinning model better describes the current carrying mechanism in these superconductors than the weak-link network.
Imagined Interaction Conflict-Linkage Theory: Explaining the Persistence and Resolution of Interpersonal Conflict in Everyday Life

Conflict is a pervasive feature of human existence. There are anger management courses and popular books giving advice on dealing with unruly people. Imagined interaction (II) conflict-linkage theo...
Social Media Use and High-Risk Sexual Behavior Among Black Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Three-City Study

Black men who have sex with men (MSM) bear a disproportionate burden of human immunodeficiency (HIV) incidence in the United States. Little research has focused on the associations between social media use and sexual behavior among Black MSM. 205 Black MSM completed measures assessing social media use and sexual behaviors. Men spent an average of 34 h per week on social media sites. 53 % arranged sexual hookups online in the previous 3 months, and did so a mean of 10 times. Overall, users of social media and men who arranged sexual hookups online engaged in more risky behaviors than non-users and men who did not arrange sexual hookups online. However, partner-level data indicated that men engaged in fewer risky behaviors with partners met online compared to partners met in other ways such as at bars or through friends. Social media-based interventions designed to decrease HIV transmission among racial minority MSM are needed.
Paper: Instability analysis and improvement of robustness of adaptive control

The effects of unmodeled high frequency dynamics and bounded disturbances on stability and performance of adaptive control schemes are analyzed. Five possible types of instability mechanisms-parameter drift, 'linear' instability, 'fast adaptation' instability, 'high frequency' instability, and 'throughput' instability-are analyzed using simple examples. A procedure is used to construct Lyapunov-like functions for a modified adaptive controller applied to a dominant plant of relative degree one, in the presence of parasitics and disturbances, and obtain sufficient conditions under which none of the five types of instability can occur. The modified scheme is robust in the sense that it guarantees the existence of a large region of attraction from which all the trajectories remain bounded and the state errors converge exponentially to a much smaller residual set. The size of the region of attraction depends on the speed of parasitics in such a way that as the parasitics become infinitely fast, the region of attraction becomes the whole space.
FIRST-IN-HUMAN PHASE I CLINICAL TRIAL OF ONCOLYTIC DELTA-24-RGD (DNX-2401) WITH BIOLOGICAL ENDPOINTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR VIRO- IMMUNOTHERAPY

BACKGROUND: (blind field). METHODS: Patients with recurrent high grade gliomas were enrolled in one of two arms. Group A patients (clinical assessment group) received a single intratumoral injection of DNX-2401 into biopsy-proven recurrent glioma. Group B patients (biological endpoint group) received an initial intratumoral injection through a permanently implanted catheter (to identify the injection site) followed 14 days later by en bloc tumor resection (to obtain post-treatment specimens) and subsequent injection of DNX-2401 into the post-resection tumor bed. Dose was escalated from 1x10^7 to 3x10^10 viral particles (vp) in 8 cohorts. Patients were followed with clinical exams, MRIs, and laboratory studies. RESULTS: Histological analysis of post-treatment en bloc surgical specimens cut perpendicular to the implanted catheter proved for the first time that DNX-2401 was capable of infecting, replicating in, and killing human glioma tumor cells (Group B; N = 12). The maximum dose achieved was 3 × 10^10 vp as planned (Group A; N = 25). DNX-2401 resulted in no toxicity in each cohort. Ongoing outcome analyses show an overall median survival of 11 months. Remarkably, complete responses were seen in 3 patients (12%) (#12, #33, #37), all of whom are currently alive with no evidence of disease (3.2, 2 and 1.75 years after treatment). Serial MRIs revealed a period of increased enhancement prior to tumor regression, consistent with an inflammatory response. Histological analysis of a resected tumor from a symptomatic patient (#20) in Arm A during this period of increased MRI-enhancement identified primarily inflammatory cells (macrophages/CD8 T-cells) and only rare glioma cells. Analyses of inflammatory cytokines in serum revealed that, compared with all other patients, the 3 responders had 10-fold to 10,000-fold increases in Interleukin-12p70 (which polarizes T(h)0-cells to T(h)1-cells and promotes cell-mediated immunity). CONCLUSIONS: DNX-2401 is a new oncolytic virus with a favorable toxicity profile that is capable of replicating in and killing human glioma cells. Efficacy in this early stage trial was impressive with a 12% complete response-rate that has proven to be durable. Molecular studies suggest that viral-induced, anti-tumor cytotoxic immunity (in situ vaccine) may play a role in the anti-glioma effect of DNX-2401. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Immunobiology & Immunotherapy.
Equivalence of computerized and traditional research methods: The roles of scanning, social environment, and social desirability

Abstract This study explores how the use of computers to present measures might influence data and threaten validity. The results suggest that subjects' ( n = 120) responses are affected by mode of administration (whether they can scan, preview, review, or change answers), social environment (group or individual), and social desirability. Future research needs to investigate these effects more carefully, and researchers using computers to assist in data collection need to design their studies more carefully to control the impact of the computer on results.
Transportation fuel portfolio design under evolving technology and regulation: A California case study

Abstract In this paper, a multistage optimization model, which introduces a dynamic notion of sustainability, is established to identify a sustainable liquid fuel portfolio subject to evolving technology and environmental regulations. A case study based on California data is implemented to examine the impacts of cellulosic technology evolvement on liquid fuel industry, including the choice of fuel portfolio, the infrastructures needs, and the overall system cost and emission. It is found that cellulosic ethanol technology readiness has a significant effect on the choice of fuel portfolio and the expansion pattern of cellulosic ethanol industry, under the low carbon fuel standard, an environmental mandate in California.
Surgical methods of contraception and sterilization

Many techniques for surgically sterilizing dogs and cats have been described; each technique offers advantages and disadvantages to both the patient and surgeon. Techniques that have been described include traditional midline ovariohysterectomy, lateral flank ovariohysterectomy, castration, early age gonadectomy, ovariectomy, laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy and ovariectomy, and vasectomy. Regardless of the technique selected, strict adherence to sound surgical technique and asepsis is mandatory for good surgical outcome with minimal complications. This review will discuss surgical principles, complications, outcomes, as well as relevant current literature associated with each of these techniques of surgical sterilization.
Enoxaparin-induced bleeding resulting in compartment syndrome of the thigh: a case report.

Abstract Background: Enoxaparin-related bleeding has usually been described as excess minor bleeding. Objectives: To describe a case of major bleeding with a compartment syndrome secondary to enoxaparin. The utility of bedside emergency department ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool is evident. Case Report: A 62-year-old patient presented with swelling and pain in the left thigh with no history of trauma. Examination revealed a swollen extremity with a tense muscle compartment. A bedside ultrasound by the emergency physician was performed, showing a large pocket of fluid accumulation. Upon aspiration, the fluid was found to be blood. Computed tomography imaging was performed, which revealed a large hematoma, with active bleeding. Subsequent angiography showed several extravasations from the profunda artery. The patient was then taken for embolization of the bleeding, and then an anterolateral fasciotomy. The patient had an increased partial thromboplastin time, and final diagnosis was compartment syndrome due to spontaneous bleeding from enoxaparin. Conclusions: Enoxaparin can spontaneously cause serious bleeding with associated compartment syndrome.
Inhibition of DOPA decarboxylase by aromatic acids associated with phenylpyruvic oligophrenia.

SummaryPhenylpyruvic acid, phenyl-lactic acid and phenylacetic acid inhibit beef adrenal medulla DOPA decarboxylase. The implications of these data in phenylpyruvic oligophrenia are discussed.
Laparoscopic linear cutting stapler failure.

Abstract Objectives. To characterize the frequency and nature of problems with linear cutting staplers to help prevent complications in the future. These devices are often used during laparoscopic urologic procedures. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the experience with laparoscopic linear cutting staplers at two institutions routinely performing urologic laparoscopy and analyzed the difficulties with any staplers. Data from the Food and Drug Administration Center for Devices and Radiological Health were also examined to determine the prevalence and types of reported problems. Results. In performing approximately 460 laparoscopic cases, we encountered 5 problems (1%) with endovascular gastrointestinal anastomosis staplers. Fifty-five additional cases in 50 patients were documented in the Food and Drug Administration database. Of the 55 patients, 15 (27%) required open conversion to manage the problem, 8 (15%) received blood transfusions, and 2 (4%) died postoperatively. Twenty-two events occurred during 19 laparoscopic donor nephrectomies (35%) without associated graft dysfunction, damage, or loss. All phases of instrument use were subject to problems; however, abnormal firing of the stapler and improper staple formation were the most common and morbid aspects of device malfunction. Conclusions. Despite the general reliability of linear cutting staplers, difficulties were encountered in every step of use. Most situations were successfully managed by prompt identification and appropriate intracorporeal maneuvers. Nevertheless, significant morbidity may occur, and conversion to an open operation should be considered. Many potential problems can be avoided by surgeon and staff education, and one should be aware of the alternative methods of tissue ligation currently available.
Isolation of Heavy Pnicotgen Metal from High Temperature Reaction of Urea with Metal (III) Oxides

Abstract A method for the small-scale extraction of antimony and bismuth metals from their sesquioxides with urea is described. Mixing equal masses of urea and M2O3 (M = Sb and Bi) in a porcelain crucible followed by heating over a Meker flame for approximately 25 minutes gives relatively pure Sb and Bi metal in yields up to 98%. Products of the reaction in addition to the metal include H2O, CO2, and N2 with NH3 being produced as a by-product from thermal decomposition of excess urea.
Relationships among performance, residual feed intake, and temperament assessed in growing beef heifers and subsequently as 3-year-old, lactating beef cows1

Seventy-four beef heifers were used to evaluate relationships among performance, residual feed intake (RFI), and temperament measured as growing heifers (Phase 1) and subsequently as 3-yr-old lactating beef cows (Phase 2) in the same cohort. In both phases, females were housed in a covered facility and fed similar forage-based diets, and individual feed intakes, BW, BCS, chute scores (CS), exit velocities (EV), and pen scores (PS) were collected throughout the 70-d feeding trials. In Phase 2, cows were milked on trial d 14 (lactation d 28 ± 3.5) and trial d 70 (lactation d 84 ± 3.5) to determine ener- gy-corrected milk (ECM) production. Ultrasonic backfat thickness (BF), and ribeye area (REA) were evaluated on d 0 and 70 of the trial in Phase 2. Heifers were ranked by RFI and placed into Low ( 0.5 SD mean RFI; n = 24) RFI groups. Body weight, BCS, and ADG were similar among all RFI groups; however, daily DMI differed for all groups (P 0.1) between RFI and temperament. Phase 1 CS was negatively associated with ADG in Phase 1 (r = -0.28; P = 0.02) and 2 (r = -0.32; P = 0.01), and positively associated with d 14 (r = 0.24; P = 0.04) and 70 (r = 0.25; P = 0.03) ECM. Phase 2 CS was negatively associated with Phase 2 ADG (r = -0.29; P = 0.01) and positively associated with d 14 (r = 0.46; P = 0.001) and 70 (r = 0.33; P = 0.004) ECM. Phase 2 PS also tended to be negatively associated with DMI in Phase 1 (r = -0.20; P = 0.096) and 2 (r = -0.20; P = 0.08). In this study, heifers that were most feed effi cient subsequently consumed less feed as lactating cows and maintained similar performance. Feed effi ciency was not associated with differences in temperament; however, more excitable females had poorer BW gains and tended to have reduced feed intakes but produced more ECM.
Base rates of the wais‐r intersubtest scatter and viq‐piq discrepancy in normal elderly

This study provides base rates for WAIS-R VIQ-PIQ discrepancy and for 3 indices of intersubtest scatter in a sample of high functioning normal elderly. High correlations between indices of scatter, such as (1) range of scatter; (2) Profile Variability Index; and (3) number of subtest scores that significantly deviated from the individual's own mean, indicate that easy-to-compute range can be used as an adequate measure of scatter in many clinical settings. The results suggest that bright elderly individuals display a large degree of scatter. The clinician should base judgment regarding abnormality of the WAIS-R indices on the rarity of the value demonstrated by the individual with respect to the sample of comparable age and intelligence level.
The Social Location of the Marcan Audience

There have been many attempts to characterize the Marcan audience in recent years, though most of these have concentrated on various ethnic, geographical, or religious aspects of the group's identity. By contrast, the interest here is in understanding the social location of those for whom Mark wrote. Assuming recent work which places Mark in rural Syria-Palestine, the article first addresses the crucial issues of social stratification and literacy in the rural areas. It then seeks to locate the characters in Mark's story on a social map using a model drawn from macro-sociological studies of agrarian societies. Finally, it suggests ways in which the readers/hearers would see in the drama being played out by the characters in Mark's story a mirror of their own lives. The conclusion is that Mark's story had a special plausibility for peasants, the degraded, the unclean, and expendables.
Some preliminary postulates on stimulus-perception, and consequent probability distributions for behavior

A stimulus (or stimulus-complex) is pictured as giving rise to a random series of sensory nerve “pulses,” which manifest themselves in contractions of individual muscle fibers. Assuming the expected time-frequency of these pulses to be proportional to the intensity of the stimulus, probability distributions are computed representing the cumulative effect of these pulses on the state of the organism, that is, on its degree ofawareness of the stimulus. Preliminary results suggest a modification of the Weber-Fechner formula for intensity discrimination for certain types of stimuli: the psychological scale to be measured byI i instead of logI.
A Model to Describe the Uniform Buildup of Populations of Adult Bollworms and Cabbage Loopers

Linear regression equations for the number of Heliothis zea (Boddie) collected in light traps at Stoneville, Miss., showed an essentially consistent rate of increase from spring to fall for 6 years. Also, in 1969 the rates of increase of H. zea at locations in 5 states were similar. Likewise, light trap catches of Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) at Waco, Tex., for 14 years showed a relatively consistant rate of increase although they were somewhat higher in 2 years and somewhat lower in 3 years. Equations such as these may be useful for comparison with the output of more dynamic models or could provide a simplified input of insect populations into crop or economic models. The inherent stability of populations of these economic pests despite an unstable agronomic ecosystem has implications for integrated pest management programs.
Comments on the high-temperature Yang-Mills gas

The importance of the caloron and other contributions to the thermodynamics of the Yang-Mills gas is discussed. Recent results and outstanding problems are summarized.
Rules and software for detecting rank degeneracy

Abstract We describe an algorithm that can be used to select a set of independent columns of a matrix when numerical rank can be determined, and we associate the uncertainty of the data with rank selection. Mathematical software written in Fortran which implements this algorithm is available for a variety of computing machines.
Design Methodology for Dual Resonance Pulse Transformers

A systematic design tool for dual resonance pulse transformers has been developed and implemented. The specific transformer geometries studied are those composed of two helical coaxial, single layer coils on cylindrical winding forms. This design is typical of that currently in use and has been described in the literature. The requisite formulas for primary, secondary and mutual inductance are described in terms of geometry, coupling, and constraints necessary to arrive at a geometrically acceptable design. The effects of winding pitch, relative scale of primary and secondary, and end effects are discussed in terms of design constraints. Based on the model, several transformers have been designed and constructed. Experimental data are presented which quantifies the accuracy of our method and clearly demonstrates that efficient dual resonance pulse transformers can be designed and implemented with high confidence.
Faculty Perceptions of Academe's Evaluation System

This study examined faculty views of the academe's reward system. The study sought to investigate faculty perceptions of the current evaluation system and “how it should be.” Five hundred six engineering faculty at seven universities responded to a questionnaire regarding the methods used to evaluate teaching, the amount of emphasis placed on research, service and teaching and the flexibility of the present system. The results indicate that faculty perceive discrepancies between the current system and what they prefer. They tend to favor a more flexible system that rewards not only research but also teaching and service activities. Open-ended comments focused on including broader measures of research activities in the evaluation process and improving the quality of teaching. It is hoped that these findings can serve as a model for many institutions considering changes in the faculty reward system.
Improving Evolution-COnstructed features using speciation for general object detection

Object recognition is a well studied but extremely challenging field. Evolution COnstructed (ECO) features have been shown to be effective for general object recognition while at the same time self-tuning itself to the target object without the need of a human expert. ECO features use simulated evolution to build series of transforms that are used for object discrimination. We improve on the successful ECO features algorithm by employing speciation during evolution to create more diverse and effective ECO features. Speciation allows candidate solutions during evolution to compete within niches rather than against a large population. On the INRIA person dataset we show a 5% increase in accuracy at 10−4 false positive rate.
Cellular bioenergetics, work performance, body composition and psychological indices among women in a diet-exercise program

Abstract Forty moderately obese women enrolled in a 10 week study employing a low-fat, rotating energy diet, nutritional supplementation and aerobic walking. Energy intakes rotated between 2.09 and 6.27 MJ (500 and 1500 kcal) on alternate days. On 2.09 MJ days, women consumed meal substitute tablets each hour for the first eight hours of the day (totaling 24 gm carbohydrate, 4 gm fat, 3.2 gm protein), followed by whole food snacks and dinner. On 6.27 MJ days, subjects consumed diets of less than 20 percent fat and engaged in 20 to 30 minutes of aerobic walking. Nutrition supplements were taken daily, 34 women completed the study. Urinary ketones did not change throughout the study. Anthropometric and psychological parameters were measured at weeks 1,3 and 10. Body composition, assessed by bioelectrical impedance, showed mean declines in body weight of 5.8 kg (p
Modeling and calculation of turbulent transport in free-shear flows

In this work the applicability of the combined bulk convection and gradient transport hypotheses for modeling turbulent diffusion is investigated. The resulting model equation, namely the one-equation model, is solved for free-shear flows by an implicit finite-difference method. Results indicate that significant improvements over previous models can be achieved with this new formulation of turbulent diffusion for both heat and momentum transport.
Data partitioning on chip multiprocessors

Partitioning is a key database task. In this paper we explore partitioning performance on a chip multiprocessor (CMP) that provides a relatively high degree of on-chip thread-level parallelism. It is therefore important to implement the partitioning algorithm to take advantage of the CMP's parallel execution resources. We identify the coordination of writing partition output as the main challenge in a parallel partitioning implementation and evaluate four techniques for enabling parallel partitioning. We confirm previous work in single threaded partitioning that finds L2 cache misses and translation lookaside buffer misses to be important performance issues, but we now add the management of concurrent threads to this analysis.
On the Bogoliubov approximation for many boson systems

Abstract The infinite volume limit of the pressure of a many boson system, in the Bogoliubov approximation, for fixed 〈a O 〉 V = ξ , exists and is a concave function of ξ. Consequences for Bose Einstein condensation are discussed.
Egocentric distance perception in the Oculus Rift (DK2)

Perceiving an accurate sense of absolute scale is important for the utility of virtual environments (VEs). Research shows that absolute egocentric distances are underestimated in VEs compared to the same judgments made in the real world, but there are inconsistencies in the amount of underestimation. We examined two possible factors in the variation in the magnitude of distance underestimation. We compared egocentric distance judgments in a high-cost (NVIS SX60) and low-cost (Oculus Rift DK2) HMD using both indoor and outdoor highly-realistic virtual models. Performance more accurately matched the intended distance in the Oculus compared to the NVIS, and regardless of the HMD, distances were underestimated more in the outdoor versus the indoor VE. These results suggest promise in future use of consumer-level wide field-of-view HMDs for space perception research and applications, and the importance of considering the context of the environment as a factor in the perception of absolute scale within VEs.
On partitions of a partially ordered set

Abstract Using linear programming we prove a generalization of Greene and Kleitman's generalization of Dilworth's theorem on the decomposition of a partially ordered set into chains.
Tribo-Electrochemical Characterization of Ru, Ta and Cu CMP Systems Using Percarbonate Based Solutions

Defect-control is a critical requirement for chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) of the ultrathin diffusion barriers considered for the new Cu-interconnects. The challenging task of developing advanced CMP slurries for such systems can be aided by electrochemical evaluations of model CMP schemes under tribological conditions. The present work uses this strategy to characterize an alkaline slurry formulation aimed at minimizing galvanic corrosion in the CMP systems involving Ru, Ta (barrier metals) and Cu (wiring metal). This slurry is based on percarbonate and guanidine additives, and the test metals are polycrystalline disc samples. A particular goal of this study is to explore the essential analytical aspects of evaluating CMP systems in the triboelectrochemical approach. The CMP specific surface reactions are characterized by potentiodynamic polarization and open circuit voltage measurements, performed both in the presence and in the absence of polishing, and by employing abrasive free as well as abrasive (colloidal SiO2) added solutions. The findings of these experiments are further checked by using impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical mixed potential steps of the CMP promoting reactions are analyzed, and the removable surface species formed by these reactions are discussed. © The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0101511jss] All rights reserved.
Virtual laboratory for planetary materials (VLab): an updated overview of system service architecture

In this paper we review the main features and illustrate the use of VLab, a Science Gateway that provides Cyber-infrastructure (CI) for distributed first principles computations in materials science. The VLab CI includes Web Services running in different computers, controlled from a Web Portal running predefined, distributed, and interactive workflows by multiple users. Currently, in addition to simple electronic structure calculations, it supports calculations of materials properties important for mineral physics that require substantial number of tasks, such as, thermodynamic and thermal elastic properties. VLab uses the Quantum ESPRESSO software for first principles computations. Here, we show details of the task distribution in batch system using a "bag of tasks" approach. We also explain VLab's approach to interactive user tools, including interactive image plots developed for thermodynamic properties, pressure scale calculator, and a database of results.
Categorization of programs using neural networks

The paper describes some experiments based on the use of neural networks for assistance in the quality assessment of programs, especially in connection with the reengineering of legacy systems. We use Kohonen networks, or self-organizing maps, for the categorization of programs: programs with similar features are grouped together in a two-dimensional neighbourhood, whereas dissimilar programs are located far apart. Backpropagation networks are used for generalization purposes: based on a set of example programs whose relevant aspects have already been assessed, we would like to obtain an extrapolation of these assessments to new programs. The basis for these investigation is an intermediate representation of programs in the form of various dependency graphs, capturing the essentials of the programs. Previously, a set of metrics has been developed to perform an assessment of programs on the basis of this intermediate representation. It is not always clear, however, which parameters of the intermediate representation are relevant for a particular metric. The categorization and generalization capabilities of neural networks are employed to improve or verify the selection of parameters, and might even initiate the development of additional metrics.
Ice Crystal Size Changes During Ripening in Freeze Concentration

Crystal sizes were measured photographically versus elapsed time for non-uniform ice crystal populations mixed at equilibrium temperatures with sugar solutions. The mass of ice did not change, but crystals smaller than a "neutral diameter," D(n), tended to melt because of their excess surface energy. This subcooled the solution with respect to larger crystals, which consequently grew. This process, "ripening," which slowly increases mean crystal sizes and D(n) is used to produce ice crystals large enough to be cleanly separated from freeze concentrated solutions. "Sequential analysis" was used to determine D(n) and follow changes in the diameters, D(i), of fractions of the ice crystal populations. Rates of change in D(i) for both growth and melting were roughly proportional to (I/D(n) - 1/D(i). Overall mass-transfer coefficients were not markedly different for growth and melting, and decreased from roughly 2 mm/s to roughly 0.5 mm/s as sugar concentration increased 10% to 42%. In 10% sucrose solutions, mass-transfer coefficients decreased from roughly 2 mm/s to roughly 1 mm/s when gelatin was added at levels which increased from 0% to 0.5%. Ripening in freeze concentrated liquid foods apparently can be accelerated by manipulating initial crystal size distributions and temporarily removing high molecular weight components.
Stability of soil smectite from a Houston Black clay

The stability of smectite separated from a Houston Black clay soil was studied by solubility methods in an acid environment. High Silicon levels (supersaturated with respect to amorphous Si) probably were due to dissolution of the smectite and slow precipitation of amorphous Silicon. Also, mica and vermiculite impurities may have contributed to high solution Si values. Solubility data from equilibrium solutions of various treatments and chemical structural analyses permitted the formulation of a solubility equation. The AG} for the Houston Black smectite computed from pK values was -2433.9  0.8 kcal/mole. The stability of this clay could then be determined by calculations for any desired solution environment. It was found that under some conditions this soil smectite could be more stable than Belle Fourche and Aberdeen montmorillonites. Therefore, it appears that this soil clay has the required stability area in which it can form in nature.
Midcheek and Lower Face/Neck Rejuvenation in the Male Patient

Rejuvenation of the mid- and lower face in the male patient can be challenging. Historically, most of these procedures were performed on female patients. However, an increasing number of men are seeking rejuvenative procedures and because of this trend, it is imperative that facial plastic surgeons become facile with the nuances of male mid- and lower facial rejuvenation. Failing to understand the important differences between male and female patients can lead to pitfalls during the perioperative period. The conscientious surgeon should be mindful of these differences, beginning with the male cosmetic consultation and proceeding through to the postoperative period. The goal of this article is to review the principles of male mid- and lower facial rejuvenation.
Identifying and representing the security semantics of an application

The author approaches database security from the semantic level. He identifies the need to classify outputs from multilevel secure database systems at a level which accurately reflects the contents. Specifically, he addresses the question of what really makes information classified, that is, the security semantics of an application. A multidimensional taxonomy of generic secrecy constraints is presented with examples that illustrate application-specific security semantics. Using labels to represent security semantics is shown to be ambiguous and therefore ineffective. Representing security semantics external to the database is proposed and several approaches are discussed. Finally, the use of a semantic data model, on top of a logic-based representation, is proposed to explicitly represent the security semantics of an application. >
Exploiting structured sparsity in Bayesian experimental design

In this paper, we merge Bayesian experimental design with turbo approximate message passing (AMP) algorithms for the purpose of recovering structured-sparse signals using a multi-step adaptive compressive-measurement procedure. First, we show that, when the signal posterior is Gaussian, a waterfilling approach can be used to adapt the measurement matrix in a way that expected information gain is maximized. Next, we propose four methods of approximating AMP's non-Gaussian marginal posteriors by a Gaussian joint posterior. One of these methods requires only point estimates of the signal, and leads to a novel kernel adaptation scheme that works even with non-Bayesian signal recovery algorithms like LASSO. Finally, we demonstrate (empirically) that our adaptive turbo AMP yields estimation performance very close to the support-oracle bound.1
Discrete search allocation with object uncertainty

We develop a new approach for assigning the optimal allocation of multiple searchers/sensors to a discrete set of search cells to find a hidden object. In contrast to existing formulations of the discrete search problem, we consider the situation in which the object is of uncertain type. Such formulations are practical for problems where a group of searchers is sent to look for an object of uncertain disposition, which is commonplace in search and rescue as well as many military search applications. We formulate a new mathematical model for this problem in which the object uncertainty is accounted for as an additive perturbation to the traditional Bayesian formulation of discrete search. This modelling approach is then proven to be amenable to optimisation with a greedy algorithm. Numerical examples illustrate the improved search performance gained from these improved allocations.
Biomechanical comparison of fixed-angle volar plate versus fixed-angle volar plate plus fragment-specific fixation in a cadaveric distal radius fracture model.

Purpose To test the hypothesis that combining orthogonal fragment-specific fixation with volar fixed-angle fixation provides markedly higher interfragment stability and construct strength compared with volar fixed-angle fixation alone. Methods Eight matched pairs of fresh cadaveric hand and forearm specimens were potted upright in cement. Flexor and extensor tendons were isolated at insertion sites and sutured into a looped bundle for loading in flexion and extension, respectively (up to 61 N). Osteotomies to simulate an AO type C2, 3-part fracture pattern were created with a saw. One randomized specimen from each pair received a locking volar plate and a radial pin plate (VP+PP), and the other received a locking volar plate only (VP). The relative angular displacements between the radial, ulnar, and proximal fragments were obtained with a motion analysis system. After stability tests, specimens were compressed to failure in a wrist-extended position on a material testing machine. Paired t tests were used to compare the interfragment displacement, construct stiffness, and strength between the 2 groups. Results Comparing fragment displacement in the VP+PP and VP groups showed that with flexion-extension and radial-ulnar deviation, distal fragment displacement was reduced to a statistically significant degree. The VP+PP group also showed higher failure strength and construct rigidity than the VP group. Conclusions In a simulated cadaveric model of the distal radius intra-articular fracture, the combined technique of fragment-specific plating with volar fixed-angle fixation alone provides superior biomechanical strength and stability over the volar fixed-angle fixation alone.
Connecting with Parents: Mothers' Depressive Symptoms and Responsive Behaviors in the Regulation of Social Contact by One‐ and Young Two‐year‐olds

When children act to involve mothers in positive interaction, they influence the amount, timing, and content of parent–child exchanges. By assessing children's smiling and positive initiation, we examined child behaviors that function to create positive interaction. In a non-clinical North American sample of 103 mothers and their 14- to 27-month-olds, we observed that children attempted to connect positively with mothers (1) more with age, (2) more frequently and quickly immediately after mothers were responsive, (3) more with mothers who were generally supportive, and (4) more with mothers low in depressive symptoms. When mothers were high in depressive symptoms, age-related increases in smiling and positive initiation were absent. Findings demonstrate the importance of maternal depression and responsiveness to child behaviors that involve mothers in ongoing activity. They suggest that both immediate cues and children's stored knowledge related to how mothers will respond may regulate children's positive connecting behaviors.
HOMOSEXUAL PARENTS : TESTING COMMON SENSE : A LITERATURE REVIEW EMPHASIZING THE GOLOMBOK AND TASKER LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF LESBIANS' CHILDREN

Counter to claims by the American Psychological Association and the National Association of Social Workers as well as numerous reviewers that children raised by homosexuals and married heterosexual...
Passive location of mobile cellular telephone terminals

The strengths and weaknesses are discussed of various elements of possible methods for determining the location of cellular telephones using the North American AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone System) analog cellular telephone standard which require no modifications or assistance from the mobile units. Each element suffers from multipath effects and requires different levels of hardware addition at the cell sites. It is found that the combined use of interferometric and SAT (supervisory audio tone) tone ranging techniques may be useful for inferring the locations of mobile cellular telephones. The use of contours of constant field strength is less desirable because of variations between mobile units, variations in emissions from mobile units, and ambient environmental considerations. As with most UHF communications systems, multipath effects will afflict each of the location techniques discussed. Interference from mobile telephones operating in nearby cells on the same frequency as the target mobile telephone will be sources of corruption to the various measurements. >
Fueling the fire: Src family kinases drive inflammation.

![Figure][1] Insight from Klaus Ley The Src family kinases (SFK) Hck, Fgr, and Lyn are the main SFKs in neutrophils and monocytes. In this issue, in a tour-de-force study of multiple disease models (autoantibody-induced arthritis [K/B×N serum-transfer], skin inflammation induced by
Neural Modeling Fields, Evolution of Consciousness and Cultures

The knowledge instinct drives higher cognitive functions of the mind and determines evolution of consciousness and cultures. Neural modeling fields mathematically describe these mechanisms, including concepts, emotions, instincts, consciousness and unconscious. The two main aspects of the knowledge instinct are differentiation and synthesis. They are in complex relationship of symbiosis and opposition, leading to complex non-linear evolution. Mathematical modeling of these dynamics in a population leads to predictions for the evolution of languages, consciousness, and cultures.
The Significance of Asymmetrical Sexual Isolation

Kaneshiro (1976) observed asymmetrical sexual isolation among the Hawaiian Drosophila planitibia subgroup of flies, and suggested a model of evolution of sexual behavior wherein females of putative ancestral species are sexually more isolated from males of derived species than are females of derived species from males of the ancestral species. The model has subsequently been expanded and new, allegedly supportive data presented (Kaneshiro, 1980, 1983; Ohta, 1978; Arita and Kaneshiro, 1979; Ahearn, 1980; Kaneshiro and Kurihara, 1981; Dodd and Powell, 1985). Ostensibly, the Kaneshiro model provides a reasonable explanation of asymmetrical sexual isolation, which may result from several underlying genetic mechanisms. Kaneshiro (1976) suggested that during a new invasion of a previously uninhabited locality, genetic drift acting upon a small number of migrants may cause the loss of several facets of male courtship behavior. Ancestral females would then be relatively unwilling to accept behaviorally deficient males. Derived females would accept these males as well as ancestral ones whose courtship pattern included all that was still present in the derived males. Ohta (1978), studying yet another group of Hawaiian flies, showed that derived females had a higher sex drive and were more receptive to all males than were ancestral females. Perhaps in a small migrant population, where encounters between flies might be relatively rare events, those females that had a strong sex drive would have been selected for because they were more likely to mate than those females that were innately slower to mate. This scenario could lead to the loss of selection for the complete courtship pattern, particularly if there were no other closely related species present in the newer locality.
The Use of Nutritional Ergogenic Aids in Sports: Is It an Ethical Issue?

As nutritional technology advanced, scientists have been able to synthesize and manufacture all known nutrients, and many of their metabolic by-products, essential to human physiology. Many of these substances are theorized to possess ergogenic potential when taken in quantities or forms normally not found in typical foods or diets. Research, although limited in most cases, supports the ergogenicity of some nutrients (e.g., creatine) when consumed in substantial amounts, suggesting such nutrients may function as drugs or nutraceuticals. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) doping legislation stipulates that any physiologic substance taken in abnormal quantity with the intention of artificially and unfairly increasing performance should be construed as doping, violating the ethics of sport performance. Given this stipulation, the IOC and other athletic-governing organizations should consider the legality and ethics underlying the use of ergogenic nutraceuticals in sport.
The novel homeodomain gene buttonless specifies differentiation and axonal guidance functions of Drosophila dorsal median cells

We have identified a novel homeodomain gene, buttonless (btn), that is specifically expressed in 20 cells of a single type during Drosophila embryonic development. These cells, the dorsal median (DM) cells, are arranged as a single pair within each segment along the dorsal midline of the CNS. Distinctive features of the DM cells include a large cell body and a long thick process extending laterally to the muscle attachment site. In the absence of btn gene function the initial commitment to the DM cell fate is made but differentiation fails to occur and the DM cells are lost. The btn mutation thus specifically eliminates the DM cells, and this genetic ablation in turn reveals a requirement for DM cells as cellular cues for axonal guidance during transverse nerve outgrowth and bifurcation of the median nerve.
In vitro effect of acetylcholine on adrenocortical secretion of incubated rat adrenals.

SummaryThe in vitro effect of acetylcholine on adrenocortical secretion of rat adrenals was investigated by direct methods of analysis. ACh increases rat adrenal output of BT reducing substances without corresponding increase in substances measurable by UV regardless of strain of rat or type of ACh derivative used. A relationship between dose and response was observed with ACh doses between 0.01 to 1000 μg/100 mg adrenal. Output achieved with a maximally effective dose of 1000 μg/100 mg adrenal was approximately 1/5 that observed following maximal ACTH stimulation. Specificity of the ACh effect was demonstrated by inhibition with acetylcholinesterase.
Agents influencing experimental radiation injury; effects of folic acid and pyridoxine.

Summary and ConclusionWhite mice, exposed to X-radiation, given a medium dose of 350 r in a single exposure was found satisfactory under the experimental conditions described in the text. Folic acid and pyridoxine hydrochloride were used as possible protective agents. No appreciable effect of these drugs on the hemopoietic system was noted. On the other hand, it was found that 15 γ of folic acid injected daily during a period of 7 days prior to radiation and 15 days after radiation prolonged significantly the survival time of the irradiated mice. Similar observations were made with pyridoxine hydrochloride. Thus, irradiated mice injected with 50 γ of pyridoxine hydrochloride intramuscularly daily 7 days prior to radiation and 13 days post-radiation, extended significantly the life span of the irradiated mice, as compared with the irradiated, unmedicated mice.
Threshold, Discriminatory Zone, and “The New Rules”

The sonographic evaluation of early pregnancy has dramatically improved since the introduction of transvaginal sonography. Relatively recent publications highlight the importance of caution in evaluating and intervening in early pregnancy. As a result, new recommendations have been established for identifying milestones in early singleton pregnancy, including a threshold level of hCG = 390–1000 mIU/mL for visualizing a gestational sac, and a discriminatory value of 3000 IU/mL for identifying all normal intrauterine pregnancies. These same values do not apply to multiple gestations, and thus, caution is advised in patients who have undergone assisted reproduction.
Physiological proteomics: cells, organs, biological fluids, and biomarkers.

Proteomic research is accelerating rapidly because of marked advances in protein labeling techniques, mass spectrometry (MS), and bioinformatics. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) is being used effectively in conjunction with liquid chromatography tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) and/or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS (MALDI-ToF MS) and database search software to quantify relative changes in the levels of proteins in two samples. It is now possible in a single study to identify and quantify large numbers of proteins and their posttranslational modifications in different biological samples. Comparisons can be made between groups of animals in different physiological states or in response to experimental treatment. Differences between normal individuals and those in disease states can form the foundation for elucidation of causative factors of disease and the identification of biomarkers for the diseased state. This symposium includes original research that compares...
Invasive cytomegalovirus infection in a renal transplant ureter after combined pancreas-kidney transplantation: An unusual cause of renal allograft dysfunction

Cytomegalovirus is an important cause of morbidity after solid organ transplantation. We report a case of cytomegalovirus infection involving the transplanted ureter that developed after combined pancreas-kidney transplantation. The patient presented with acute renal allograft dysfunction caused by ureteral stricture.