cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal distribution of cellular proliferation in the cranial base of normal and midfacially retrusive mice

The craniofacial region of the Brachyrrhine (Br) mouse is characterized by a retruded midface. The cellular mechanism causing this growth deficiency is unknown. However, the cranial base is foreshortened in adult Br mice. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the spatial and temporal patterns of cellular proliferation in the cranial base (CB) differ between normal (C3H/HeJ) and Br mutant (3H1 Br/+) embryonic mice. Twenty-four dams were injected (3)H thymidine (5 microCi/gram body weight) and 15 embryos from each group were collected at Theiler stages 23, 25, and 27 (15, 17, and 19 days of gestation). Serial sections from each head were processed with routine autoradiography. Labelling indices (LI) were determined for each specimen and cellular proliferation maps were generated for each age group. LI patterns within and between groups were compared statistically. Results showed that cellular proliferation in the CB of normal embryos displayed a time- and position-dependent pattern, characteristic of transient growth sites (TGS). Generally, as age increases, cellular proliferative activities decrease gradually (from an average LI of 11.4 +/- 5.7% at stage 23 to 4.4 +/- 2.2% at stage 27), and the number of the TGS decreases in the presumptive nasal septal region and increases in presumptive sphenoethmoidal area with age, indicating the existence of cellular subpopulations in the CB. Cellular proliferation in the CB of the Br mutant displays a different growth pattern compared to the normal condition. Deficiencies in cellular proliferation exist mainly in the presumptive sphenoethmoidal area of the CB. The results indicate that the TGS play an important role in the normal morphogenesis of the CB, and abnormalities in their timing and/or position may be responsible for the dysmorphology of the midface in the Br mutant.
On the Front Lines: Following America's Foreign Correspondents Across the Twentieth Century

From Sarajevo in 1914 to Baghdad in 1990 renowned foreign correspondent Michael Emery charts the difficulties facing his American colleagues covering overseas events. He tells the 'stories behind the stories' and the pressures faced by American reporters like Marguerite Higgins and Peter Arnett. Emery demonstrates the effects of censorship, propaganda, and 'disinformation' and argues for an independent and well-trained foreign press corps.
Patterned cardiovascular responses to sleep and nonrespiratory arousals in a porcine model

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea experience marked cardiovascular changes with apnea termination. Based on this observation, we hypothesized that sudden sleep disruption is accompanied by a sp...
Lifetime Incidence of CKD Stages 3-5 in the United States

black men, and black women, respectively: CKD stage 3a, 53.6%, 64.9%, 51.8%, and 63.6%; CKD stage 3b, 29.0%, 36.7%, 33.7%, and 40.2%; CKD stage 4, 9.3%, 11.4%, 15.8%, and 18.5%; and ESRD, 3.3%, 2.2%, 8.5%, and 7.8%). Risk of CKD increased with age, with approximately one-half the CKD stage 3a cases developing after 70 years of age. Limitations: CKD incidence was modeled from prevalence estimates in the US population. Conclusions: In the United States, the lifetime risk of developing CKD stage 3a is high, emphasizing the importance of primary prevention and effective therapy to reduce CKD-related morbidity and mortality. Am J Kidney Dis. 62(2):245-252. © 2013 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
Simultaneous bilateral intraocular surgery in children.

Background Simultaneous bilateral intraocular surgery (SBIS), defined as sequential bilateral intraocular surgery completed in one visit to the operating room, is a controversial topic. The reluctance of ophthalmologists to perform SBIS has been mainly attributable to concerns about bilateral catastrophic complications (endophthalmitis, expulsive hemorrhage, or retinal detachment). Herein we report our experience with SBIS in children and review the literature. Methods The medical records of 44 patients who underwent 48 cases of SBIS between 1994 and 2009 were reviewed. Of the 48 cases, 27 were bilateral cataract extractions, 1 including intraocular lens placement; 21 were cases of bilateral glaucoma surgeries, including goniotomy, trabeculotomy, and filtering tube placement. Bilateral surgeries were performed in one session under general anesthesia with strict aseptic separation of the 2 surgeries. Results All but one of the cataract cases were performed in patients Conclusions Simultaneous bilateral intraocular surgery was performed safely in 48 cases during a 15-year period. In selected pediatric cases requiring bilateral intraocular surgery for glaucoma or cataract, SBIS may reduce risks related to anesthesia and delayed surgery.
Combinational Effects of Prebiotics and Soybean against Azoxymethane-Induced Colon Cancer In Vivo.

Prebiotic fructans are nondigestible carbohydrates with numerous health benefits. Soybean is a rich source of phytonutrients such as isoflavones. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemopreventive effects of prebiotics (Synergy1) and soybean meal (SM) at 5% and 10% levels alone and in combination on azoxymethane- (AOM-) induced colon carcinogenesis. After one wk of acclimatization, Fisher 344 male rats () were randomly assigned to 9 groups (). Control rats (C) were fed AIN-93G/M. Two s/c injections of AOM were administered to rats at 7 and 8 wk of age at 16 mg/kg body weight. Rats were killed by CO2 asphyxiation at 45 wk. Tumor incidence (%) in treatment groups ranged from 40 to 75 compared to 100 in C. Results indicate that feeding prebiotics and soybean in combination significantly reduced incidence of AOM-induced colon tumors with implications for food industry in the food-product development.
White Flight: Atlanta and the Making of Modern Conservatism

White Flight: Atlanta and the Making of Modern Conservatism. By Kevin M. Kruse. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005. 352p. 18.95 paper.The South is a region of many myths, and Kevin Kruse takes on one of the most durable of them: Atlanta as the “city too busy to hate.” Kruse finds that Atlanta, like many other southern and northern cities in the postwar era, was a city in which “race and residence stood at the forefront of [Atlanta's] racial politics” (p. 42). He traces the ultimately unsuccessful efforts of Mayor William Hartsfield's biracial, elite-controlled regime to manage the struggle between whites and blacks over urban space. White flight, the decades-long movement of whites to the Atlanta suburbs, was not only the result of this struggle over space; it was also the source of a new form of southern white conservatism based on whites' resentful exit from the urban South. For political scientists, this book is a reminder of the “long civil rights movement,” that began in the 1940s, before the Brown decision, and extended throughout the 1970s. At the local level, the Civil Rights movement was a struggle over politics that earlier political scientists would be quick to understand and appreciate: a struggle over who gets what, when, where, and how. By taking an in-depth yet rigorous look at southern politics that goes beyond the limitations of National Election Study data or roll-call votes, the book provides valuable historical context to recent works on the transformation of southern politics.
Adaptive fusion of correlated local decisions

An adaptive fusion algorithm is proposed for an environment where the observations and local decisions are dependent from one sensor to another. An optimal decision rule, based on the maximum posterior probability (MAP) detection criterion for such an environment, is derived and compared to the adaptive approach. In the algorithm, the log-likelihood ratio function can be expressed as a linear combination of ratios of conditional probabilities and local decisions. The estimations of the conditional probabilities are adapted by reinforcement learning. The error probability at steady state is analyzed theoretically and, in some cases, found to be equal to the error probability obtained by the optimal fusion rule. The effect of the number of sensors and correlation coefficients on error probability in Gaussian noise is also investigated. Simulation results that conform to the theoretical analysis are also presented.
ATP-dependent K+ channels contribute to local metabolic coronary vasodilation in experimental diabetes

This study tested whether ATP-dependent K+ channels (KATP channels) are an important mechanism of functional coronary hyperemia in conscious, instrument-implanted diabetic dogs. Data were collected at rest and during exercise before and after induction of diabetes with alloxan monohydrate (40–60 mg/kg intravenously). KATP channels were inhibited with glibenclamide (1 mg/kg intravenously). In nondiabetic dogs, arterial plasma glucose concentration increased from 4.8 ± 0.3 to 21.5 ± 2.2 mmol/l 1 week after alloxan injection. In nondiabetic dogs, exercise increased myocardial oxygen consumption (MVo2) 3.4-fold, myocardial O2 delivery 3.0-fold, and heart rate 2.4-fold. Coronary venous Po2 decreased from 19.9 ± 0.8 mmHg at rest to 14.8 ± 0.8 mmHg during exercise. Diabetes significantly reduced myocardial O2 delivery and lowered coronary venous Po2 from 16.3 ± 0.6 mmHg at rest to 13.1 ± 0.9 mmHg during exercise. Glibenclamide did not alter the slope of the coronary venous Po2 versus MVo2 relationship in nondiabetic dogs. In diabetic dogs, however, glibenclamide further reduced myocardial O2 delivery; coronary venous Po2 fell to 9.0 ± 1.0 mmHg during exercise, and the slope of the coronary venous PO2 versus MVo2 relationship steepened. These findings indicate that KATP channels contribute to local metabolic coronary vasodilation in alloxan-induced diabetic dogs.
Using a Multiple Criteria Decision-Making Model to Streamline and Enhance NEPA and Public Participation Processes:

Although state departments of transportation and metropolitan planning organizations meet federal regulations mandating opportunities for public involvement, the results are often disappointing. This paper describes how technology can be used to improve these results. The authors propose that existing data from remote sensing technologies, geographic information systems, and economic modeling be integrated in a visual multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) tool to aid in streamlining and enhancing the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process and public participation. The interoperability of different data outputs provides researchers and practitioners the ability to produce high quality visualizations that can enhance the communication of proposed projects and the projected economic and social impacts on a community. User priority and value inputs combined with the high quality visualizations in a MCDM tool can provide multiple alignment alternatives for each transportation project participant. By providing additional and improved data through a new decision-making tool, ECO-PAL, researchers and practitioners will be able to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the efforts regarding NEPA development. In order to confirm the similarity between the design of transportation corridors computed from ECO-PAL and transportation corridors projected using traditional approaches, three different corridors were generated from ECO-PAL and compared to the final design of Interstate-269. These findings indicate that currently available technology tools can streamline the NEPA process and also achieve a more deliberative democratic process.
Water worlds: Introduction to the special issue of Social Studies of Science:

The use and management of the world’s freshwater has become a critical focus of scholarly engagement. In the introduction to this special issue on water worlds, we highlight two contributions that ...
The effects of elevated CO2 on root respiration rates of two Mojave Desert shrubs

Although desert ecosystems are predicted to be the most responsive to elevated CO 2 , low nutrient availability may limit increases in productivity and cause plants in deserts to allocate more resources to root biomass or activity for increased nutrient acquisition. We measured root respiration of two Mojave Desert shrubs, Ambrosia dumosa and Larrea tridentata, grown under ambient (∼ 375ppm) and elevated (∼ 517 ppm) CO 2 concentrations at the Nevada Desert FACE Facility (NDFF) over five growing seasons. In addition, we grew L. tridentata seedlings in a greenhouse with similar CO 2 treatments to determine responses of primary and lateral roots to an increase in CO 2 . In both field and greenhouse studies, root respiration was not significantly affected by elevated CO 2 . However, respiration of A. dumosa roots < 1 month old was significantly greater than respiration of A. dumosa roots between 1 and 4 months old. For both shrub species, respiration rates of very fine (<1.0mm diameter) roots were significantly greater than those of fine (1-2 mm diameter) roots, and root respiration decreased as soil water decreased. Because specific root length was not significantly affected by CO 2 and because field minirhizotron measurements of root production were not significantly different, we infer that root growth at the NDFF has not increased with elevated CO 2 . Furthermore, other studies at the NDFF have shown increased nutrient availability under elevated CO 2 , which reduces the need for roots to increase scavenging for nutrients. Thus, we conclude that A. dumosa and L. tridentata root systems have not increased in size or activity, and increased shoot production observed under elevated CO 2 for these species does not appear to be constrained by the plant's root growth or activity.
Phellinus coronadensis: a new species from southern Arizona, USA

Phellinus coronadensis is characterized and described morphologically as a new species from southern Arizona, USA. This fungus was previously reported as P. torulosus based on morphological sim- ilarities of the basidiomes and type of wood decay. However, P. coronadensis is restricted to two mountain ranges in southern Arizona and found almost exclu- sively on living southwestern white pine (Pinus strob- iformis). Phellinus torulosus is found primarily in Eu- rope and parts of Asia and is primarily associated with hardwood hosts. Based on sequence analysis of small subunit mitochondrial ribosomal DNA (mt-SSU), we determined that P. coronadensis is in a different lin- eage from P. torulosus and apparently more closely related to the P. pini complex. The taxon associated with southwestern white pine, being distinct and not yet having been validly named, is proposed as a new species here.
The importance of a single primary cilium

The centrosome is the main microtubule-organizing center in animal cells, and helps to influence the morphology of the microtubule cytoskeleton in interphase and mitosis. The centrosome also templates the assembly of the primary cilium, and together they serve as a nexus of cell signaling that provide cells with diverse organization, motility, and sensory functions. The majority of cells in the human body contain a solitary centrosome and cilium, and cells have evolved regulatory mechanisms to precisely control the numbers of these essential organelles. Defects in the structure and function of cilia lead to a variety of complex disease phenotypes termed ciliopathies, while dysregulation of centrosome number has long been proposed to induce genome instability and tumor formation. Here, we review recent findings that link centrosome amplification to changes in cilium number and signaling capacity, and discuss how supernumerary centrosomes may be an important aspect of a set of cilia-related disease phenotypes.
Temperature influences on surface energetic parameters evaluated at solid–liquid interfaces

The adhesive events experienced by a solid material upon contact with a biofluid are related to measurable surface properties of the solid; consequently, surface properties have been suggested to provide direction for the prediction and control of biofluid behavior at interfaces. With respect to biofilm formation at elevated temperatures, knowledge of temperature influences on such properties would serve to assist the development of predictive models that incorporate a surface-related influence. In this work, surface energetic parameters for a variety of engineering materials were determined at temperatures of 7–80°C using contact angle analysis with a modified sessile drop technique. Specifically, a linear relationship between the polar component of the work of adhesion and the polar component of liquid surface tension, observed for each material, was characterized by its slope and intercept at each temperature. The value of the slope was observed to decrease linearly with temperature. The negative values of the ordinate intercept were observed to increase in magnitude with temperature for low-energy surfaces, but did not change uniformly for solids of higher surface energy. The polar component of the work required to remove water from a surface, observed to decrease with decreasing polar character of a solid at a given temperature, was observed to decrease with increasing temperature. The observed temperature effects indicate a need to account for this influence in the development of models describing biofluid–contact surface interactions at temperatures outside of the ambient range.
Quantifying intracardiac organization of atrial arrhythmias using temporospatial phase of the electrocardiogram.

Introduction: Separating nonisthmus-dependent atrial flutter (AFL) from “organized” atrial fibrillation (AF), or isthmus-dependent AFL, may be difficult using ECG characteristics alone. We hypothesized that temporal and spatial phase analysis of ECG atrial waveforms could effectively separate these rhythms by quantifying subtle variations in ECG atrial activation during supraventricular tachycardias (SVT). Methods and Results: We studied 52 patients at electrophysiologic study (EPS) who demonstrated isthmus-dependent (n = 15) and nonisthmus-dependent (n = 9) AFL, atrial tachycardia (n = 6), AV nodal reentry (n = 9), orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia (n = 6), and AF (n = 7). Atrial activity was represented as a series of correlations of an atrial template to successive time samples of the arrhythmia ECG. Spatial phase was analyzed as a reproducible relationship of this atrial activity between leads over time; temporal regularity was measured from power spectra. Spatial phase was maintained (coherent) in lead planes V5/aVF (XY), V5/V1 (XZ), and aVF/V1 (YZ) in 15 of 15 cases of isthmus-dependent AFL, but in only 1 of 9 cases of nonisthmus-dependent AFL (P 6 dB), suggesting one activation wavefront, although this was smeared in nonisthmus-dependent cases. In contrast, AF showed inconsistent spatial phase in all planes and broad band spectra, consistent with multiple and/or variable activation paths. All other SVTs showed spatial coherence and one dominant spectral peak. Conclusion: Coherence of temporal and spatial phase is a powerful approach to measure the spatial organization of intracardiac activation from the ECG that reveals a spectrum from SVT to isthmus-dependent and nonisthmus-dependent AFL, to AF. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 971-981, September 2003)
Optoelectronic Tweezers as a Tool for Parallel Single-Cell Manipulation and Stimulation

Optoelectronic tweezers (OET) is a promising approach for the parallel manipulation of single cells for a variety of biological applications. By combining the manipulation capabilities of OET with other relevant biological techniques (such as cell lysis and electroporation), one can realize a true parallel, single-cell diagnostic and stimulation tool. Here, we demonstrate the utility of the OET device by integrating it onto single-chip systems capable of performing in-situ, electrode-based electroporation/lysis, individual cell, light-induced lysis, and light-induced electroporation.
An emissions and energy comparison between a simulated automated highway system and current traffic conditions

An evaluation has been carried out to estimate the emissions and energy use (i.e. fuel consumption) associated with an automated highway system (AHS) using advanced simulation modeling tools. A detailed AHS microsimulation has been combined with a comprehensive modal emissions and energy consumption model to predict emissions and energy use for a highway model. The resulting AHS emissions and fuel consumption are compared to non-automated traffic at different levels of congestion, as well as idealized traffic flow. The results of this preliminary evaluation have shown that an AHS has slightly lower average fuel consumption than a nonautomated highway operating at free-flow, and much lower average fuel consumption than a non-automated highway operating under congested conditions, because of its smoother traffic flow. Further, an AHS operating at 60 mph has substantially lower emissions per vehicle-mile travelled than non-automated traffic at the same average speed.
Internal and External Determinants of Behavior in Psychodynamic Theories

The distinction between inner and outer determinants of behavior, or some variant of that distinction, has been common in discourses on human behavior from the time of the Greek philosophers to the most recent A.P.A. journal. Although not identical to the inner-outer question, questions of freedom versus determinism, of responsibility and punishment versus rehabilitation, of environmentalism versus instinctualism or environmentalism versus mentalism, of organismic versus conditioning models, and many other recurrent themes and debates are clearly recognizable as, so to speak, loading on the same factor.
Weaving Experiential Education into a Preservice Special Education Course: The Klutz Experience.

"Wedving Experiential Education into a Preservice Special Education Course" is a study of an extensive experiential assignment in introducing preservice non-special education elementary teachers to the field of special education. This study documents the use of students' experiences in a difficult learning situation and investigates the transference of this learning experience to course content on individualizing a program for students with special needs. The article describes how students doing the Klutz Experience develop empathy for the struggles of students in special education and also learn how to motivate and support students in special education. This study suggests a way to alter the isolation of course content and to help avoid the objectification of students in special education as "other."
Computational insights into the interaction of the anthrax lethal factor with the N-terminal region of its substrates.

The anthrax lethal factor is a zinc metalloprotease toxin secreted by Bacillus anthracis which cleaves at the N-terminal region of six mitogen activated protein kinase kinases (MEKs) in the cell. Additionally, it is known to cleave a nine residue peptide “LF10,” 50-fold more efficiently than nine residues of MEK1. There is very little sequence similarity between the MEK N-termini, thus, it is unclear how the lethal factor can accommodate and cleave the diverse N-termini of the MEKs and whether there is a hierarchy in this interaction, as there is between LF10 and MEK1. To investigate this problem, we carried out multiple molecular dynamics simulations of the lethal factor with nine residues of each of the substrates. Our simulations reveal that like LF10, certain MEK substrates have residue compositions that favor β-sheet formation with the lethal factor over others. The formation of this secondary structure maintains a catalytic conformation. Binding energetics using the MM-PBSA method was used to rank-order the substrates for their affinity to LF (KM). On the basis of the results, we conclude that the LF does not equally accommodate the MEK substrates and further predict that there will be differences between rates of cleavage among the nine residue MEK N-termini. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ischemia-Reperfusion of the Murine Testis Stimulates the Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Activation of C-Jun N-Terminal Kinase in a Pathway to E-Selectin Expression

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) of the testis results in germ cell-specific apoptosis and can lead to aspermatogenesis. Germ cell-specific apoptosis after IR of the testis has been shown to be correlated with and dependent on neutrophil recruitment to the testis after IR. Studies that used E-selectin-deficient mice have demonstrated that E-selectin expression is critical for neutrophil recruitment to subtunical venules in the testis after IR and for the resultant germ cell-specific apoptosis. The present study investigates the in vivo signaling pathway that exists after IR that leads to neutrophil recruitment in the murine testis. Mice were subjected to a 2-h period of testicular ischemia followed by reperfusion. Results demonstrate that the proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), are stimulated after IR as is the phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). The downstream transcription factors of JNK, ATF-2 and c-jun are also phosphorylated at specific times after IR of the testis. Activation of the JNK stress-related kinase pathway is correlated with an increase in E-selectin expression and neutrophil recruitment to the testis after IR. Intratesticular injection of IL-1beta also caused JNK phosphorylation and neutrophil recruitment to the testis. These results suggest that testicular IR injury stimulates IL-1beta expression, which leads to activation of the JNK signaling pathway and ultimately E-selectin expression and neutrophil recruitment to the testis. This provides the first evidence of a cytokine/stress-related kinase signaling pathway to E-selectin expression in vivo.
The phase servo tuner control system of the ALS 500 MHz cavity

Three 500 MHz cavities are used in the booster and storage ring of the Advanced Light Source (ALS). Due to different varying parameters, a control system is required to keep the cavities in tune during operation. The tuning of the 500 MHz cavity is achieved by detecting the phase error between the drive signal and the cavity probe signal. The error signal is amplified and used to drive a stepping motor which in turn moves a metallic cylinder in or out of the cavity to achieve tuning. >
Comparison of Oscillometric and Intraarterial Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressures in Lean, Overweight, and Obese Patients:

To assess the effect of obesity on blood pressure measurement the authors obtained simultaneous oscillometric and intraarterial systolic and diastolic blood pressures on 188 lean, overweight, class I/II obese, and class III obese subjects. Oscillometric arm cuff/bladder size was selected in accordance with standard guidelines. Oscillometry significantly underestimated systolic and significantly overestimated diastolic blood pressures in each of the 4 weight groups studied. The differences between oscillometric and intraarterial systolic and diastolic pressures were not significantly different among lean, overweight, class I/II obese, and class III obese subjects. Thus, obesity per se does not influence the accuracy of blood pressure measurement. However, oscillometric blood pressure measurement is associated with significant error when compared to intraarterial blood pressure.
Parabolic replicator dynamics and the principle of minimum Tsallis information gain

Non-linear, parabolic (sub-exponential) and hyperbolic (super-exponential) models of prebiological evolution of molecular replicators have been proposed and extensively studied. The parabolic models appear to be the most realistic approximations of real-life replicator systems due primarily to product inhibition. Unlike the more traditional exponential models, the distribution of individual frequencies in an evolving parabolic population is not described by the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) Principle in its traditional form, whereby the distribution with the maximum Shannon entropy is chosen among all the distributions that are possible under the given constraints. We sought to identify a more general form of the MaxEnt principle that would be applicable to parabolic growth. We consider a model of a population that reproduces according to the parabolic growth law and show that the frequencies of individuals in the population minimize the Tsallis relative entropy (non-additive information gain) at each time moment. Next, we consider a model of a parabolically growing population that maintains a constant total size and provide an “implicit” solution for this system. We show that in this case, the frequencies of the individuals in the population also minimize the Tsallis information gain at each moment of the ‘internal time” of the population. The results of this analysis show that the general MaxEnt principle is the underlying law for the evolution of a broad class of replicator systems including not only exponential but also parabolic and hyperbolic systems. The choice of the appropriate entropy (information) function depends on the growth dynamics of a particular class of systems. The Tsallis entropy is non-additive for independent subsystems, i.e. the information on the subsystems is insufficient to describe the system as a whole. In the context of prebiotic evolution, this “non-reductionist” nature of parabolic replicator systems might reflect the importance of group selection and competition between ensembles of cooperating replicators. This article was reviewed by Viswanadham Sridhara (nominated by Claus Wilke), Puushottam Dixit (nominated by Sergei Maslov), and Nick Grishin. For the complete reviews, see the Reviewers’ Reports section.
The Mechanical Effect of Anterior Pelvic Tilt Taping on Slump Sitting by Seated Workers

The objectives of this study were to determine whether there is a change in the pelvic inclination after about 30 min of slump sitting by seated workers, and if so, to determine whether these changes can be prevented by the application of anterior pelvic tilt taping (APTT). The subjects who consented to participate in the experiment were randomly allocated to two groups: no-APTT group and APTT group. The no-APTT group performed slump sitting for 30 min, and the both pelvic inclinations were remeasured. In the APTT group, the both pelvic inclinations were measured immediately after the application of the APTT, and then again after 30 min of slump sitting. The both pelvic inclinations in the no-APTT group were significantly decreased (p 0.05). We suggest that APTT can be applied as an auxiliary treatment method for preventing changes in pelvic inclination and musculoskeletal problems of low back area by awkward sitting posture in the seated worker.
Effect of Roost Harassment on Cormorant Movements and Roosting in the Delta Region of Mississippi

Abstract Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) predation on Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) at commercial farms has been estimated to cost the Mississippi aquaculture industry approximately $5 million annually to replace consumed fingerlings. In 1997, catfish producers assumed responsibility for the dispersal of cormorants in night roosts in the eastern (interior) delta region of Mississippi, where catfish farms are concentrated. We documented movements of 50 cormorants marked with radio transmitters in the delta region from January through March 1997. We obtained 161 post-capture day locations and 176 post-capture night roost locations. Cormorants that were harassed at their night roost flew farther to their next day’s location than birds that were not harassed the previous night. Of the cormorants for which we had more than one night roost location, only 11% of cormorants that were harassed returned to the same roost within 48 hours, compared with an 81% return of cormorants to a previo...
Reaffirming the Delaney Anticancer Clause: The Legal and Policy Implications of an Administratively Created De Minimis Exception

Published when the author was a Food and Drug Law Institute Scholar, this article analyzes the Delaney Clause in the Food Drug Cosmetic Act, which prohibits the approval by the FDA of food and color additives for use in the food supply and cosmetics industry if shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals. After performing statutory construction and examining the legislative history in depth, the article concluded that neither the courts nor the agency had the authority to interpret this clause as incorporating a cost-benefit analysis that would have resulted in the weakening of this anticancer clause for de minimis risk. Only Congress had the authority to do so through an amendment to the statute. After its publication, this article was sent to the court while the lawsuit over this provision was pending -- Public Citizen v. Young, 831 F.2d 1108 (D.C. Cir. 1987) -- and the court followed this analysis to deny the looser interpretation urged by the cosmetics industry. This stricter interpretation still holds today.
Psychologists in Academic Health Centers and Medical Centers: Being Visible, Relevant and Integral

Psychologists play key roles in academic health centers. This article is an outgrowth of a presentation at the 2015 Conference of the Association of Psychologists in Academic Health Centers addressing various strategies by which psychologists can effectively adapt to and develop successful careers in medical schools, academic health centers, and teaching hospitals. The authors encourage early career and mid-career psychologists in academic health centers to be active, engaged members of their institutions and to participate in multiple aspects of the research, educational, and clinical missions.
Video Gambling Devices

Illegal video gambling is a multi-million dollar industry. The industry’s rise has been accompanied by an increase in gambling addiction, public corruption, and organized criminal activity. Many existing state gambling statues are antiquated and do not apply to video gambling devices. Even states with up-to-date gambling statutes have failed to control the proliferation of video gambling devices. This paper discusses the history of gambling, the rise of video gambling devices, problems associated with the devices, enforcement undertaken by the federal government and certain states, and a model statute for dealing with video gambling devices.
Characterization and reactivity of sodium aluminoborosilicate glass fiber surfaces

Abstract Multicomponent complex oxides, such as sodium aluminoborosilicate glass fibers, are important materials used for thermal insulation in buildings and homes. Although the surface properties of single oxides, such as silica, have been extensively studied, less is known about the distribution of reactive sites at the surface of multicomponent oxides. Here, we investigated the reactivity of sodium aluminoborosilicate glass fiber surfaces for better understanding of their interface chemistry and bonding with acrylic polymers. Acetic acid (with and without a 13C enrichment) was used as a probe representative of the carboxylic functional groups in many acrylic polymers and adhesives. Inverse gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (IGC–MS), and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), were used to characterize the fiber surface reactions and surface chemical structure. In this way, we discovered that both sodium ions in the glass surface, as well as sodium carbonate salts that formed on the surface due to the intrinsic reactivity of this glass in humid air, are primary sites of interaction with the carboxylic acid. Surface analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the presence of sodium carbonates on these surfaces. Computer simulations of the interactions between the reactive sites on the glass fiber surface with acetic acid were performed to evaluate energetically favorable reactions. The adsorption reactions with sodium in the glass structure provide adhesive bonding sites, whereas the reaction with the sodium carbonate consumes the acid to form sodium-carboxylate, H2O and CO2 without any contribution to chemical bonding at the interface.
Ineffectiveness of Chymotrypsin Therapy in Malignancy.

SummaryTreatment with crystalline chymotrypsin did not influence the course of neoplastic disease in experimental animals or in fifteen selected cancer patients.
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L. ) Germplasm Resources from Yunnan Province

To assess genetic diversity of germplasm resource is very important for breeding of new varieties.We assessed 16 traits of 66 native safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L.) varieties by both the cluster analysis and the principal components analysis.The results showed that there are abound genetic diversity in native safflower varieties from Yunnan.The diversity index of the number of seed per fruit is highest,then plant height,the height of top branch,and 1000 seeds weight.The coefficient variation(CV) of the height of first branch is third highest,after the branches number and the fruits number per plant,while the diameter of top fruit is lowest.By data obtained,66 native varieties can be divided into 6 groups.The first group can be parents of progenies with high yield potential,the third one can be the parents of progenies with high yield,the fourth group can be parents of progenies with big seeds,the fifth group can be parents of progenies with high oil content,the sixth can be parents of progenies with both high oil content and high yield.The principal components analysis of 11 traits showed the top four traits principal components account for 82.59% of all principal components,the first one is plant height,the second is seed yield components,the third is 1000 seeds weight,the fourth is the number of seed per fruit.The germplasm resources from Yunnan is useful for breeding of new varieties with abound diversity.
In vitro effects of clomiphene citrate on human endometrium.

Since cis-clomiphene citrate (CC) used for ovulation induction may affect embryo implantation during in vitro fertilization, direct effects of the drug on human endometrium were tested. Estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects were evaluated in vitro by measuring changes in prostaglandin (PG) output provoked by estradiol (E 2 ), CC, and mixtures of E 2 and CC; progestagenic effects were tested with E 2 17 β -dehydrogenase activity and glycogen accumulation as end points. In secretary endometrium, 10 −6 M CC about doubled the basal output of PGF 2α and PGE 2 ; 10 −8 M E 2 increased the production of these PGs 3-fold and 1.8-fold, respectively. The effects of E 2 at this concentration were not diminished by the addition of CC, even at 100-fold molar excess, under conditions in which 10 −7 M progesterone or 10 −6 M 4-hydroxytamoxifen suppressed completely the action of the natural estrogen. In proliferative endometrium, 10 −8 M and 10 −6 M CC had no consistent effect on E 2 17 β -dehydrogenase activity or glycogen accumulation. These results demonstrate that, under in vitro conditions, CC can exert direct estrogenic effects on the endometrium but does not act as an antiestrogen or a progestagen.
Kinetic parameters of kicking

A concern of many investigators in biomechanics has been obtaining accurate information on the kinetics of rapid human motion. The history of forces and moments at the joints of accelerating limb segments undoubtedly will tell us something about the muscular forces involved and also about the neural control. Technically, however, it has proven very difficult to quantify both the magnitude and time course of limb segment accelerations with reasonable confidence.
Airline code-sharing and its effects on on-time performance

Abstract Although airline on-time performance has always received much attention, we are unaware of any empirical research that measures the on-time performance effects of domestic airline alliances. In this study, we empirically investigate the on-time performance effects of the largest domestic alliance—between Delta Air Lines, Northwest Airlines and Continental Airlines. We find evidence that code-sharing improves alliance partners' on-time performance and that the size of the codeshare effect on on-time performance depends on pre-alliance competition in a market, with the effect being larger in markets where the partners competed in prior to the alliance.
Risk factors for cerebrospinal fluid leak in pediatric patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery.

Abstract Objectives To determine the risk factors associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak following endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) for pediatric skull base lesions. Methods Retrospective chart review of pediatric patients (ages 1 month to 18 years) treated for skull base lesions with EES from 1999 to 2014. Five pathologies were reviewed: craniopharyngioma, clival chordoma, pituitary adenoma, pituitary carcinoma, and Rathke's cleft cyst. Fisher's exact tests were used to evaluate the different factors to determine which had a statistically higher risk of leading to a post-operative CSF leak. Results 55 pediatric patients were identified who underwent 70 EES's for tumor resection. Of the 70 surgeries, 47 surgeries had intraoperative CSF leaks that were repaired at the time of surgery. 11 of 47 (23%) surgeries had post-operative CSF leaks that required secondary operative repair. Clival chordomas had the highest CSF leak rate at 36%. There was no statistical difference in leak rate based on the type of reconstruction, although 28% of cases that used a vascularized flap had a post-operative leak, whereas only 9% of those cases not using a vascularized flap had a leak. Post-operative hydrocephalus and perioperative use of a lumbar drain were not significant risk factors. Conclusions Pediatric patients with an intra-operative CSF leak during EES of the skull base have a high rate of post-operative CSF leaks. Clival chordomas appear to be a particularly high-risk group. The use of vascularized flaps and perioperative lumbar drains did not statistically decrease the rate of post-operative CSF leak.
Statistical outlier screening as a test solution health monitor

Location Averaging is a nearest electrical neighbor method of Statistical Outlier Screening (SOS) for screening outliers from probe test data used at Texas Instruments (TI). Location Averaging is sensitive to variances, not only from die parametrics, but also the test solution. Variance in outlier counts specific to Location Averaging that present either a strong commonality in the test solution, or test pattern on the wafer map, or both, can be indicative of a problem in the test solution. Analysis of outlier counts provides a method of monitoring and maintaining the test solution through data-driven techniques to optimize execution through the reduction of downtime and excursions.
Maintenance Modeling and Policies

The systems used in production, transportation services, and communication services constitute the majority part of not only industrial activities but also our daily life. Most of them have many units or components with various structure that will degrade with time or usage, and even suffer from a sudden failure due to the random shocks. For some systems, such as military systems, aircrafts, and nuclear power plants, they are of great importance and cannot afford to any failure. A machine in industrial plant failing to work properly will interpret the whole production assembly line and cost a large amount of capital and labor, while the failure of the aircraft will endanger the life of all the passengers. Therefore, maintenance on these systems is necessary due to the two aspects: (1) prolong the service life of the products; (2) improve the system reliability to avoid unnecessary failure.
Use of machine learning and data analytics to increase drilling efficiency for nearby wells

Abstract Data-driven models can be used as an efficient proxy to model complex concepts in engineering. It is common engineering practice to optimize some controllable input parameters in a model to increase efficiency of operations. Machine Learning can be used to predict the rate of penetration (ROP) during drilling to a great accuracy as shown by Hegde, Wallace, and Gray (2015). This paper illustrates the use of machine learning to predict and increase ROP effectively. The machine learning model is first used to predict ROP – with input parameters such as weight on bit (WOB), rotations per minute of the drill bit (RPM), and flow rate of the drilling mud. The input parameters are then modified to increase ROP. This process has been applied to field drilling data from a vertical well consisting of different rocks and formations. The procedure can be used to determine the maximum achievable ROP in each formation, and map out operational guidelines for drilling of pad wells. A post drilling analysis can be conducted for pad wells to cut costs and save time while drilling. This model is very innovative because only surface measured parameters are used, without a priori requirements for geological, laboratory, or drilling data.
Building More Inclusive Solidarities for Socio‐Environmental Change: Lessons in Resistance from Southern Appalachia

It is increasingly recognized that socio-environmental justice will not be achieved through liberal and cosmopolitical forms of activism alone. Instead, more diverse and inclusive solidarities must be achieved across political ideologies for transformative change. By engaging with one constituency often overlooked by mainstream environmentalists—rural, conservative Americans—we argue for a situated solidarity that can be forged among people whose views of nature, community, and politics differ significantly. This framework rejects totalizing expressions of global ambition that erase important place-based differences. To explore this ethic, we examine a localized anti-fracking campaign in western North Carolina to determine how place-based forms of environmental resistance can be brought in closer connection with the cosmopolitical movement for climate and energy justice. This requires that cosmopolitical movements make room for more customary forms of cultural politics, while conservative movements look beyond their own place-based struggles to resist mutually experienced forms of oppression.
What factors affect the prices of low-priced U.S. solar PV systems?

Abstract The price of solar PV systems has declined rapidly, yet there are some much lower-priced systems than others. This study explores the factors that determine prices in these low-priced (LP) systems. Using a data set of 42,611 residential-scale PV systems installed in the U.S. in 2013, we use quantile regressions to estimate the importance of factors affecting the installed prices for LP systems (those at the 10th percentile) in comparison to median-priced systems. We find that the value of solar to consumers–a variable that accounts for subsidies, electric rates, and PV generation levels–is associated with lower prices for LP systems but higher prices for median priced systems. Conversely, systems installed in new home construction are associated with lower prices at the median but higher prices for LP. Other variables have larger price-reducing effects on LP than on median priced systems: systems installed in Arizona and Florida, as well as commercial and thin film systems. In contrast, the following have a smaller effect on prices for LP systems than median priced systems: tracking systems, self-installations, systems installed in Massachusetts, the system size, and installer experience. These results highlight the complex factors at play that lead to LP systems and shed light into how such LP systems can come about.
Dancing on the Color Line: African American Tricksters in Nineteenth-Century American Literature

The southern-fiction writer of the antebellum, reconstruction, and post-reconstruction periods cannot write about the South without writing about slavery and black lives. Issues that have complicat...