cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving understanding of near-term barrier island evolution through multi-decadal assessment of morphologic change

Abstract Observed morphodynamic changes over multiple decades were coupled with storm-driven run-up characteristics at Fire Island, New York, to explore the influence of wave processes relative to the impacts of other coastal change drivers on the near-term evolution of the barrier island. Historical topography was generated from digital stereo-photogrammetry and compared with more recent lidar surveys to quantify near-term (decadal) morphodynamic changes to the beach and primary dune system between the years 1969, 1999, and 2009. Notably increased profile volumes were observed along the entirety of the island in 1999, and likely provide the eolian source for the steady dune crest progradation observed over the relatively quiescent decade that followed. Persistent patterns of erosion and accretion over 10-, 30-, and 40-year intervals are attributable to variations in island morphology, human activity, and variations in offshore bathymetry and island orientation that influence the wave energy reaching the coast. Areas of documented long-term historical inlet formation and extensive bayside marsh development show substantial landward translation of the dune–beach profile over the near-term period of this study. Correlations among areas predicted to overwash, observed elevation changes of the dune crestline, and observed instances of overwash in undeveloped segments of the barrier island verify that overwash locations can be accurately predicted in undeveloped segments of coast. In fact, an assessment of 2012 aerial imagery collected after Hurricane Sandy confirms that overwash occurred at the majority of near-term locations persistently predicted to overwash. In addition to the storm wave climate, factors related to variations within the geologic framework which in turn influence island orientation, offshore slope, and sediment supply impact island behavior on near-term timescales.
The time course of generating causal antecedent and causal consequence inferences

The present study tested whether causal antecedent and causal consequence inferences are generated on‐line during comprehension and also determined the time course of their activation. The study manipulated inference category, the rate of word presentation in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) format, and the delay between the last word in a sentence and the test word (i.e., SOA interval). Lexical decision latencies were collected on test strings (i.e., nonwords, inference words, or unrelated words) which were presented after each sentence in the passages. The results indicated that there was a threshold of 400 ms after stimulus presentation (RSVP and SOA) before causal antecedents were generated on‐line, whereas causal consequences were not generated on‐line. These results support a bridging model of inference generation which assumes that causal antecedent inferences are needed to bridge an explicit text event with prior passage content, whereas expectation inferences are not normally generated o...
Siblings presenting with progressive congenital aleukemic leukemia cutis.

Congenital leukemia is infrequent, occurring in <1% of pediatric leukemia patients, and mainly of myeloid lineage. Twenty-five to 30% of congenital leukemia cases present with cutaneous leukemic infiltrates. Rarely, infants will have aleukemic leukemia cutis, presenting with leukemic skin lesions but without systemic symptoms or bone marrow involvement. Few cases of congenital aleukemic leukemia cutis have been reported in the literature. The course of disease is variable as cases of spontaneous resolution have been described. Here we present the first report of siblings with progressive congenital aleukemic leukemia cutis, both treated successfully with myeloid leukemia chemotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 338–340. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Collective excitations of low-density fermion-boson quantum-liquid mixtures

We investigate the collective excitations of a low-temperature dilute gas mixture that consists of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) and a Fermi gas that is a normal (i.e., nonsuperfluid) Fermi liquid. We find that the BEC-mediated fermion-fermion interactions, as a consequence of retardation, can become repulsive and support a zero-sound mode that is essentially undamped. In addition, we find a damped zero-sound mode that can be described as a BEC sound mode modified by fermion-mediated boson-boson interactions, and we derive its decay rate caused by Landau damping. We study the mode structure of these excitations and find avoided-crossing behavior as well as a termination point. The collective-mode dynamics also reveals that phase separation sets in when the fermion-mediated boson-boson interaction destroys the stability of the homogeneous BEC. We estimate the time and length scales of the onset of the phase separation, and we discuss the feasibility of experimentally probing these consequences of mediated interactions.
Cosolvent-regulated time–composition rheological equivalence in block copolymer solutions

The morphological and mechanical attributes of triblock copolymer solutions composed of miscible, midblock-selective solvents are investigated by small-angle scattering and dynamic rheology. Variation in cosolvent composition at constant copolymer concentration has little effect on copolymer morphology, but promotes large differences in matrix relaxation, as evinced by changes in the shape of isothermal frequency spectra. Shifting these spectra in the frequency domain reveals the existence of time–composition equivalence, wherein shift factors scale with the viscosity of the cosolvent mixture.
A flow visualization study of supersonic inert gas-metal atomization

Abstract Fine metal powders (less than 45 μm for many alloys) have been shown to have unique properties due to their homogeneity, novel microstructures and metastable phases. The primary factor that determines these features is solidification rate, which for powder processing depends on the amount of undercooling achieved by the metal droplets prior to solidification (which is inversely related to particle size). Particle size, in turn, depends on the process that produces these powders. One such process-supersonic inert gas-metal atomization-has been found to be particularly efficient in producing these powders for a wide range of alloys. For a selected atomizer configuration the gas and metal flows have been studied to characterize the salient features so that design changes leading to increased process efficiency can be realized. Using flow visualization techniques (schlieren, shadowgraph and 0.5 μs flash photography), flow fields in gas and liquid streams have been studied. Emphasis has been placed on showing how aspiration conditions in the liquid delivery nozzle combine with the design of the inner bore of this same nozzle to promote liquid stream instability and, consequently, to improve atomization efficiency.
The prevention of hair loss from chemotherapy by the use of cold‐air scalp‐cooling

The use of a cold-air scalp-cooling system to prevent alopecia following administration of anthracycline chemotherapy is described. The unit used is mounted on a four-wheeled trolley and is highly mobile. Twenty-four patients with advanced breast cancer received epirubicin chemotherapy, 14 at a dose of 50 mg/m2, and 10 at a dose of 100 mg/m2. All 10 patients receiving 100 mg/m2 developed total alopecia; by contrast, only two out of 14 receiving 50 mg/m2 had alopecia, while the remaining 12 retained their hair. Patients not receiving scalp-cooling inevitably developed total alopecia after three pulses of epirubicin.
Population-Based Epidemiologic Analysis of Acute Pyelonephritis

BACKGROUND Acute pyelonephritis is a potentially severe disease for which there are few population-based studies. We performed a population-based analysis of trends in the incidence, microbial etiology, antimicrobial resistance, and antimicrobial therapy of outpatient and inpatient pyelonephritis. METHODS A total of 4887 enrollees of Group Health Cooperative, based in Seattle, Washington, who received an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis from 1997 through 2001 were identified using computerized records. Diagnoses were linked to urine culture and antibiotic prescription data. Case patients (n=3236) included subjects who had received an inpatient or culture-confirmed outpatient diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. RESULTS Among the female population, annual rates of outpatient and inpatient pyelonephritis were 12-13 cases per 10,000 population and 3-4 cases per 10,000 population, respectively; among the male population, the rates were 2-3 cases per 10,000 population and 1-2 cases per 10,000 population, respectively. Rates were relatively stable from year to year. Incidence was highest among young women, followed by infants and the elderly population. The ratio of outpatient to inpatient cases was highest among young women (ranging from 5 : 1 to 6 : 1). Escherichia coli caused 80% of cases of acute pyelonephritis in women and 70% of cases in men and was less dominant in older age groups. Among E. coli strains, the rate of ciprofloxacin resistance increased from 0.2% of isolates to 1.5% of isolates (P=.03), and the rate of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance decreased from 25% of isolates to 13% of isolates (P<.01) from 1997 to 2001. Among outpatient cases, the rate of fluoroquinolone use increased from 35% to 61%, whereas the rate of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use decreased from 53% to 32% over the 5-year period (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive, population-based analysis adds to our limited knowledge of the epidemiology of acute pyelonephritis, especially among outpatients, in whom the majority of cases now occur.
Information Flow Analysis As A Tool For Pacs Development

Multiple benefits for PACS development can be expected to derive from careful assessment or modeling of current system operations. Our approach to modeling the radiology department operations at UNC-CH is based on two assumptions: 1) a department consists of multiple, operationally similar modules and 2) individual modules can be sufficiently characterized by use of a single template. Our procedures and conclusions in developing the modality portion of this template are described. Future modeling work is directed towards characterizing interactions within radiology and between radiology and other clinics which should, we believe, complete the characterization for a single module of the radiology department.
Musculoskeletal causes of chronic pelvic pain: a systematic review of diagnosis: part I.

UNLABELLED Chronic pelvic pain in women has multifactorial etiology, but pelvic musculoskeletal dysfunction is not routinely evaluated as a cause by gynecologists. Whether diagnostic tests can reliably identify women with such conditions is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the level of support in the literature for diagnostic tests of pelvic musculoskeletal problems. We used a set of key words pertaining to pain and the pelvic musculoskeletal structures to initially review the PUBMED database. Study inclusion was restricted to English-language publications that reported a patient-related chronic pelvic pain diagnostic test. Relevant bibliographies were also searched, and outside consultation with a pain researcher was sought to identify additional needed studies. For each selected article, 2 investigators separately summarized relevant data on study characteristics, patient profiles, and test efficacy. Discrepancies were resolved by discussion. Six diagnostic studies were identified that met entry criteria. No gold standard diagnostic tests exist for pelvic musculoskeletal problems, and the methodologic quality of available studies is low. Studies defining such clinically useful tests are needed to further refine a rational approach to chronic pelvic pain management. TARGET AUDIENCE Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completion of this article, the reader should be able to describe the paucity of evidence-based literature and valid consensus of diagnostic criteria and modalities in defining the musculoskeletal causes of chronic pelvic pain in women, to recall that there is no gold standard diagnostic test for pelvic musculoskeletal problems, and to recall that the statistical evaluation of the methods described were wanting.
Early child—child communication

(1979). Early child—child communication. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 18, Communicating with Young Children, pp. 213-219.
Interpretation of time-domain induced polarization and resistivity data for Earth modeling

Numerical algorithms are suggested for the interpretation of the time-domain induced polarization (IP), and the d-c resistivity methods used for the modeling of the Earth's subsurface. The Earth's layers are assumed to be horizontally stratified. Each of the N layers of the Earth's model is characterized by the d-c resistivity /spl rho//sub n/, the chargability M/sub n/, and the thickness d/sub n/. Assuming that a Schlumberger array is used for current and voltage electrodes on the Earth's surface. The measured apparent resistivity data is interpreted using the resistivity transform method to solve the inverse resistivity problem to find the d-c resistivities and thicknesses of each layer in the resistivity model. The obtained parameters of the resistivity model are used to calculate the dilution factors of each layer. The apparent chargability measured at the Earth's surface in the IP method is expressed as a linear summation of the products of the chargability and the dilution factor of each of the N layers. The chargability and the thickness of each layer in the IP model are obtained by solving the inverse problem using the calculated theoretical apparent chargability data obtained from the assumed theoretical IP model, and the measured chargability data on the Earth's surface. Numerical simulation examples have been used to generate simulated experimental data for both the IP and resistivity models. This data is used to solve the inverse problem to find the parameters of both models. Numerical examples are used to verify the effectiveness of the suggested algorithms. These methods are extremely useful in modeling Earth's subsurface layers for groundwater prospection purposes, search for oil and other minerals, and to obtain subsurface pollution models. >
A fingerprint opto-detector using lateral bipolar phototransistors in a standard CMOS process

An integrated photodetector array has been fabricated using lateral bipolar phototransistors. These transistors are ten times as responsive (/spl lambda/=660 nm) as identically sized vertical bipolar phototransistors and arrays of this transistor consume less power than charge-coupled device arrays of the same size. The image processing for this array is accomplished through the use of a current mode comparator.
Intellectual similarities within families of both adopted and biological children

Abstract The effects of genetic and environmental differences on intellectual differences among children were examined in a study of families with both biological and adopted children. IQ scores of all family members and education of natural parents were used to estimate intellectual similarities among related and unrelated persons, living together and apart. Comparisons of correlations between related and unrelated siblings produced negligible heritability values, whereas the parent-child data suggested moderate heritability for the children's IQ differences. The high mean values of the adopted children's IQ scores and the high degree of similarity among unrelated sibs suggest that IQ scores are more maleable than previously thought.
A review of modelling small-crack behavior and fatigue-life predictions for aluminum alloys

The small-crack effect, where small fatigue cracks grow faster and at lower stress-intensity factors than large cracks, has been found to be significant for many materials and loading conditions. In this paper, plasticity effects and crack-closure modelling of small fatigue cracks are reviewed. A crack-closure model with a cyclic-plastic zone-corrected effective stress-intensity factor range (related to the cyclic J-integral) and microstructural data on crack-initiation sites were used to calculate small-crack growth rates and fatigue lives for unnotched and notched specimens made of two aluminum alloys. The crack-closure transient from the plastic wake was shown to be the dominant cause of the small-crack effect and plasticity effects on the cyclic-plastic zone-corrected stress-intensity factor range were negligible except at extremely high stress levels. Small-crack growth rates and fatigue lives under both constant-amplitude and spectrum loading from tests and analyses agreed well.
HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY

(1998). Historical Geography and Environmental History. Geographical Review: Vol. 88, No. 2, pp. iii-iv.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe Mcm3p, an essential nuclear protein, associates tightly with Nda4p (Mcm5p)

MCM proteins are required for the proper regulation of DNA replication. There are six MCM proteins in all eukaryotes which interact to form a large complex. We report the cloning of fission yeast mcm3 + . mcm3 + is essential and spores carrying a Δmcm3 disruption arrest with an apparently replicated DNA content. The protein is found constitutively in the nucleus and levels remain constant throughout the cell cycle. Mcm3p binds particularly tightly to Nda4p (Mcm5p), but is loosely associated with the other Schizosaccharomyces pombe MCM proteins. Thus, Mcm3p is a peripheral MCM subunit.
The Potential Impact of the No Child Left Behind Act on Equity and Diversity in American Education

With its overriding emphasis on accountability, testing, sanctions, rewards, and public school choice, the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) raises both the hopes and fears of educators concerned with the impact of the legislation on minority groups, on multicultural curricula, and on equity issues within public education. Drawing on evidence from state-level systemic-based accountability initiatives, coupled with a detailed analysis of the legislation itself, this article assesses the potential positive and negative effects of NCLB on diversity, multiculturalism, and equity issues in schooling. After examining the strengths and weaknesses of the legislation, this article concludes that the promise of NCLB to enhance equity and opportunity by reducing the achievement gap will likely remain unfulfilled due to insufficient funding and an overly simplistic definition of the achievement gap.
Adjusting satellite precipitation data to facilitate hydrologic modeling

Abstract Significant concern has been expressed regarding the ability of satellite-based precipitation products such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42 products (version 6) and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Prediction Center’s (CPC) morphing technique (CMORPH) to accurately capture rainfall values over land. Problems exist in terms of bias, false-alarm rate (FAR), and probability of detection (POD), which vary greatly worldwide and over the conterminous United States (CONUS). This paper directly addresses these concerns by developing a methodology that adjusts existing TMPA products utilizing ground-based precipitation data. The approach is not a simple bias adjustment but a three-step process that transforms a satellite precipitation product. Ground-based precipitation is used to develop a filter eliminating FAR in the authors’ adjusted product. T...
Two-dimensional direct numerical simulation of nanoparticle precursor evolution in turbulent flames using detailed chemistry

Abstract Flame-based synthesis is an attractive industrial process for the large-scale generation of nanoparticles. In this aerosol process, a gasified precursor is injected into a high-temperature turbulent flame, where oxidation followed by particle nucleation and other solid phase dynamics create nanoparticles. Precursor oxidation, which ultimately leads to nucleation, is strongly influenced by the turbulent flame dynamics. Here, direct numerical simulation of a canonical homogeneous flow is used to understand the interaction between a methane/air flame and titanium tetrachloride oxidation to titania. Detailed chemical kinetics is used to describe the combustion and precursor oxidation processes. Results show that the initial precursor decomposition is heavily influenced by the gas phase temperature field. However, temperature insensitivity of subsequent reactions in the precursor oxidation pathway slow down conversion to the titania. Consequently, titania formation occurs at much longer time scales compared to that of hydrocarbon oxidation. Further, only a fraction of the precursor is converted to titania, and a significant amount of partially-oxidized precursor species are formed. Introducing the precursor in the oxidizer stream as opposed to the fuel stream has only a minimal impact on the oxidation dynamics. In order to understand modeling issues, the DNS results are compared with the laminar flamelet model. It is shown that the flamelet assumption qualitatively reproduces the oxidation structure. Further, reduced oxygen concentration in the near-flame location critically affects titania formation.
Key Terms and Concepts Associated With Genetic Analysis Techniques

In order to provide the best care for clients, speech language pathologists and audiologists working with other health care professionals need at least a basic understanding of genetic terms and co...
WT1 regulates angiogenesis in Ewing Sarcoma

Angiogenesis is required for tumor growth. WT1, a protein that affects both mRNA transcription and splicing, has recently been shown to regulate expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), one of the major mediators of angiogenesis. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that WT1 is a key regulator of tumor angiogenesis in Ewing sarcoma. We expressed exogenous WT1 in the WT1-null Ewing sarcoma cell line, SK-ES-1, and we suppressed WT1 expression using shRNA in the WT1-positive Ewing sarcoma cell line, MHH-ES. Suppression of WT1 in MHH-ES cells impairs angiogenesis, while expression of WT1 in SK-ES-1 cells causes increased angiogenesis. Different WT1 isoforms result in vessels with distinct morphologies, and this correlates with preferential upregulation of particular VEGF isoforms. WT1-expressing tumors show increased expression of pro-angiogenic molecules such as VEGF, MMP9, Ang-1, and Tie-2, supporting the hypothesis that WT1 is a global regulator of angiogenesis. We also demonstrate that WT1 regulates the expression of a panel of pro-angiogenic molecules in Ewing sarcoma cell lines. Finally, we found that WT1 expression is correlated with VEGF expression, MMP9 expression, and microvessel density in samples of primary Ewing sarcoma. Thus, our results demonstrate that WT1 expression directly regulates tumor angiogenesis by controlling the expression of a panel of pro-angiogenic genes.
Rediscovering the analysis of interconnected decision areas

The method known as the analysis of interconnected decision areas (AIDA) has been in use for nearly 40 years, but has made little headway into engineering design. This paper describes an implementation of AIDA that is useful to engineering designers wishing to combine the solution principles of various subfunctions within a product in new ways. Traditionally, the method is used to understand how one decision affects the options available to other decisions in a large-scale project. The method is to be used interactively with designers participating in a brainstorming session so that ideas are added to AIDA and immediately combined with other compatible ideas. The existing implementation has been tested in a classroom setting in which upper level undergraduates have successfully used the AIDA method along with numerous of design methods to solve conceptual design problems.
Neutrophil Enhancement of Fibrin Deposition Under Flow Through Platelet-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms

We examined the effect of adherent neutrophils on fibrin deposition under laminar flow conditions. Perfusion of recalcified citrated platelet-free plasma (PFP) over neutrophils adherent to fibrinogen-coated glass at a venous wall shear rate of 62.5 s−1 for 15 minutes resulted in dense deposition of fibrin around each neutrophil, whereas fibrin deposition on glass alone was sparse. Fibrin deposition on neutrophils was markedly reduced by anti-CD18 or anti-CD11b or a higher shear rate (250 s−1). Significantly less fibrin was deposited around adherent fibrinogen-coated beads, indicating that nonspecific “cross-sectional capture” effects were not responsible for the massive fibrin deposition on neutrophils. Direct visualization of fibrin capture by neutrophils and elimination of fibrin deposition at 15 minutes by a factor XIIa inhibitor (50 μg/mL corn trypsin inhibitor [CTI]) or elastase/cathepsin G inhibitors (Methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Ala-Chloromethyl-Ketone/Z-Gly-Leu-Phe-CMK, 100 μmol/L) indicated that neutrophils can capture short fibrin strands flowing in recalcified PFP lacking CTI and can also promote thrombin generation through pathways attenuated by inhibitors of factor XIIa, elastase, and cathepsin G. When neutrophils were allowed to interact with platelets on a fibrinogen surface before perfusion of recalcified CTI-treated PFP, the fibrin deposition was observed to be dramatic compared with that over surfaces coated with platelets alone or neutrophils alone and compared with that formed on platelets adherent to collagen. This neutrophil promotion of platelet-mediated fibrin formation was attenuated by inhibitors of elastase or cathepsin G but not anti-tissue factor antibody. Neutrophils can interact with platelets via released proteases to increase platelet procoagulant activity and fibrin formation in CTI-treated plasma under the low-flow conditions expected in venous thrombosis or inflammation.
Disturbances of rhythm in the cold-blooded heart under aconitine.

The cold-blooded auricle under aconitine shows an early profound depression in rhythmicity but recovers in from 5 to 10 minutes to develop a high rate of spontaneous beating which may be considered a tachycardia for this preparation. Although arrhythmias do not appear spontaneously, a single, properly-timed stimulus to the auricle under aconitine initiates a multiple response which appears like ordinary fibrillation or flutter. The alterations in fundamental properties of the auricle which are required to elicit multiple responses favor a re-entrant rather than a focal mechanism of the induced arrhythmia.
Increased Arctic cloud longwave emissivity associated with pollution from mid-latitudes

Where thin water clouds and anthropogenic aerosols are coincident, the increase to cloud emissivity from elevated haze levels is between 5 and 8 per cent, corresponding to an estimated surface warming in the Arctic under cloudy skies of between 1 and 1.6 degrees Celsius. There is consensus among climate models that Arctic climate is particularly sensitive to anthropogenic greenhouse gases and that, over the next century, Arctic surface temperatures are projected to rise at a rate about twice the global mean1. The response of Arctic surface temperatures to greenhouse gas thermal emission is modified by Northern Hemisphere synoptic meteorology and local radiative processes2,3,4. Aerosols may play a contributing factor through changes to cloud radiative properties. Here we evaluate a previously suggested contribution of anthropogenic aerosols to cloud emission and surface temperatures in the Arctic5,6,7,8. Using four years of ground-based aerosol and radiation measurements obtained near Barrow, Alaska, we show that, where thin water clouds and pollution are coincident, there is an increase in cloud longwave emissivity resulting from elevated haze levels. This results in an estimated surface warming under cloudy skies of between 3.3 and 5.2 W m-2 or 1 and 1.6 °C. Arctic climate is closely tied to cloud longwave emission2,4,9, but feedback mechanisms in the system are complex10 and the actual climate response to the described sensitivity remains to be evaluated.
Aperture access and manipulation for computational imaging

Many computational imaging applications involve manipulating the incoming light beam in the aperture and image planes. However, accessing the aperture, which conventionally stands inside the imaging lens, is still challenging. In this paper, we present an approach that allows access to the aperture plane and enables dynamic control of its transmissivity, position, and orientation. Specifically, we present two kinds of compound imaging systems (CIS), CIS1 and CIS2, to reposition the aperture in front of and behind the imaging lens respectively. CIS1 repositions the aperture plane in front of the imaging lens and enables the dynamic control of the light beam coming to the lens. This control is quite useful in panoramic imaging at the single viewpoint. CIS2 uses a rear-attached relay system (lens) to replace the aperture plane behind the imaging lens, and enables the dynamic control of the imaging light jointly formed by the imaging lens and the relay lens. In this way, the common imaging beam can be coded or split in the aperture plane to achieve many imaging functions, such as coded aperture imaging, high dynamic range (HDR) imaging and light field sampling. In addition, CIS2 repositions the aperture behind, instead of inside, the relay lens, which allows the employment of the optimized relay lens to preserve the high imaging quality. Finally, we present the physical implementations of CIS1 and CIS2, to demonstrate (1) their effectiveness in providing access to the aperture and (2) the advantages of aperture manipulation in computational imaging applications.
Alluvial history of the Porcupine River, Alaska: Role of glacial-lake overflow from northwest Canada

The stratigraphy and morphology of alluvial terraces in the lower Porcupine Valley permit the definition of twelve river stages, each marked by distinctive surface characteristics, sediment composition, and regional gradient. Terraces that exhibit characteristics suggestive of extremely high discharge, such as coarse, bouldery, braided gravel surfaces and intense scouring, formed-at times when the Porcupine River at the Ramparts acted as an overflow outlet for glacial lakes in northern Yukon Territory which had been impounded by the Lauren-tide ice sheet. Terraces capped by sediment suggestive of relatively low discharge meandering streams, and which were strongly affected by Coleen River drainage, probably formed when glacial-lake overflow did not occur. Ten radiocarbon dates on alluvial sediments from the lower Porcupine River range from greater than 35,000 to 2,350 ± 55 yr B.P. When combined with geomorphologic interpretations on terraces in Alaska and with radiocarbon dates from northern Yukon Territory, these dates suggest repeated glaciolacustrine innundations of the Old Crow and Bluefish Basins during Wisconsinan time.
Impaired capacity for familiarity after hippocampal damage

Recognition memory is thought to consist of two components: recollection and familiarity. Whereas it is widely agreed that the hippocampus supports recollection (remembering the episode in which an item was learned), there is uncertainty about whether it also supports familiarity (simply knowing that an item was encountered but without remembering the learning episode). We tested a counterintuitive prediction that follows from the idea that the hippocampus selectively supports recollection. Patients with hippocampal lesions should have strong experiences of familiarity as often as controls do; however, unlike controls, these experiences should not be accompanied by recollection. Accordingly, with methods that allow participants to report whether they remember an item as encountered previously or whether they simply know it is familiar, patients should express strong familiarity (in the absence of recollection) more often than controls. We indexed strong familiarity and recollection for previously studied words by obtaining confidence ratings together with Remember-Know judgments. The result was that patients provided fewer high-confidence Know responses than controls rather than more. Furthermore, the number of Know responses made by patients was substantially less than was predicted if recollection were impaired. This was true regardless of whether the prediction was based on the assumption that recollection and familiarity are independent or dependent processes. These results suggest that hippocampal lesions impair both recollection and familiarity. Unlike many previous studies of these constructs, the prediction (and the result) is independent of any particular theoretical model, and it holds even if Remember-Know judgments are not process-pure indicators of recollection and familiarity.
ASEXUAL DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNS OF THE DIATOM STAURONEIS ANCEPS IN CULTURE123

SUMMARY During several months under controlled growth conditions, cell division in the diatom Stauroneis anceps resulted in a gradual decrease in length as predicted by the Macdonald-Pfitzer hypothesis. Cells of a clone decreased in average length from 35 to 17 μ. The smallest cell observed measured 12 μ. Cells longer than 26 μ typically had capitate ends. As the cells became shorter, there was a gradual decrease in this capitate configuration with the smallest cells being oval in outline. The estimated increment of size reduction due to cell division in the clone was 0.1 μ per division. This value is dependent on the assumption of random division. Populations with cells less than 28 μ in length showed an increase in valve aberrations, but these cells continued to reproduce. A cell 13 μ long and similar to the smallest specimen of the clone was observed from a core sample with fossil specimens of S. anceps.
The role of ATP depletion and accumulated metabolic products during myocardial ischemia

Over the past few years we have directed a considerable amount of effort toward identification of the sequence of biochemical changes which result in a transition of ischemic myocardium from reversibly damaged to irreversibly damaged tissue. For most of the studies that I will describe we have used the isolated perfused rat heart which is exposed to global ischemia. The general protocol that we have followed consists of perfusion of the heart under normal aerobic conditions for a period of 10 min (Fig. 1, top panel). Ischemia, either at zero coronary flow or any reduced flow desired is then instituted for various times and the heart is reperfused for 30 min under normal aerobic conditions. Recovery of ventricular function and restorations of tissue metabolites are followed. If the tissue is reperfused early in ischemia the ventricle will recover metabolically and functionally without much difficulty. It is not surprising, however, that the longer the ischemic period is prolonged, the worse the recovery becomes with reperfusion. The top panel in Fig. 1 shows the change in metabolites and depression of ventricular function after 30 min of zero coronary flow.
Estudo da toxicidade corneana de dois perfluorocarbonos líquidos

RESUMO Perfluoropolieter (PFPE) e perfluoroctano (PFOC) foram injetados na câmara anterior direita de coelhos (quatro para cada perfluorcarbono liquido), servindo os olhos contralaterais como controle (injecao de solucao salina balanceada). A toxicidade corneana foi avaliada ao final da primeira e segunda semana apos a injecao, atraves da avaliacao clinica, microscopia optica e microscopia eletronica de varredura do endotelio corneano. No grupo injetado com PFPE encontramos maior reacao inflamatoria de câmara anterior e neovascularizacao de cornea, diferenca estatisticamente significativa (p<0.02) comparado ao grupo do PFOC e olhos controle. Quanto ao fenomeno de “ova de peixe”, o PFOC mostrou-se mais suscetivel (p<0.03). Na microscopia optica e de varredura observamos maior reacao inflamatoria e perda de celulas endoteliais nos dois grupos injetados com PFCLs e normal no grupo-controle. Os resultados sugerem que ambos PFCLs estudados apresentam toxicidade corneana apos a primeira semana de permanencia na câmara anterior.
Diffusion of Intermediate Energy Neutrons into a Thick Resonance Absorber

The problem considered is the calculation of the diffusion of intermediate energy neutrons from a large moderated region into a thick resonance absorber. This is of interest for a coupled fast-ther...
Community Engagement in Youth Violence Prevention: Crafting Methods to Context

The purpose of the Youth Violence Prevention Centers (YVPC) Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is to reduce youth violence in defined high-risk communities through the implementation and evaluation of comprehensive, evidence based prevention strategies. Within this common framework, each YVPC varies in its structure and methods, however all engage communities in multiple ways. We explore aspects of community engagement employed by three centers that operate in very different contexts: a rural county in North Carolina; a suburban area of Denver, Colorado; and an urban setting in Flint, Michigan. While previous research has addressed theories supporting community involvement in youth violence prevention, there has been less attention to the implementation challenges of achieving and sustaining participation. In three case examples, we describe the foci and methods for community engagement in diverse YVPC sites and detail the barriers and facilitating factors that have influenced implementation. Just as intervention programs may need to be adapted in order to meet the needs of specific populations, methods of community engagement must be tailored to the context in which they occur. We discuss case examples of community engagement in areas with varying geographies, histories, and racial and ethnic compositions. Each setting presents distinct challenges and opportunities for conducting collaborative violence prevention initiatives and for adapting engagement methods to diverse communities. Although approaches may vary depending upon local contexts, there are certain principles that appear to be common across cultures and geography: trust, transparency, communication, commitment. We also discuss the importance of flexibility in community engagement efforts.
The Vibrating Wire: Nicholson Baker's Vox and the Art of Analog

There is a lack of critical understanding of Nicholson Baker’s “phone sex novel” Vox (1992). Chiefly overlooked is the exact function of Vox ’s complex system of outmoded telecommunications technology, which the novelist uses in order to experiment with erotic possibilities of the human voice. Viewed historically, Baker’s embrace of analog technology occurs out of sync with the concurrent development of the ARPAnet into the public Internet. His strategic disruption of the Internet’s potential for communication foregrounds personal voice as a more intimate mode of sexual mediation than sterile and deterministic digital models. Understanding the full nature of Baker’s analog-directed perspective is essential for unpacking Baker’s recurring interest in idiosyncratic sexuality.
Evaluation of Potential Sources of Riprap and Armor Stone—Methods and Considerations

Increased use of stone for protection purposes and the related expectations of long design lives for slope and shore protection projects has lately required more attention to potential quarry sources and methods of evaluation of the material produced by these sources. Neither field investigation nor laboratory testing of these sources, by itself, is sufficient to adequately evaluate such sources. Methods of field evaluation and related facts which must be considered are presented. These include lithologic logging, structural details, and evaluation of quarrying procedures (including blasting practices). Laboratory methods and considerations which are discussed include petrographic studies, tests designed to simulate natural conditions of weathering (accelerated), bulk specific gravity, absorption, Los Angeles abrasion tests, and Brazilian Splitting Tensile tests. The relationship of these tests and their results to the predicted behavior of the stone is also discussed.
Some chemical characteristics of the lipids of human and bovine erythrocytes and plasma.

The results of a study on the chemical nature of the natural lipids and phospholipids in bovine and human erythrocytes and blood plasma are presented. The fatty acid distribution in the various lipids is reported and certain aspects of the general findings are discussed.
The Role and Resolution of the Compensation Principle in Society: Part Two — The Resolution

The resolution of the compensation problem, especially the determination of when the issue will arise and of which loss, in an inevitable reciprocal loss situation, will go uncompensated is a function of a complex interplay of power, knowledge and psychology variables. In this chapter attention is focused on selective perception of injury and of reality, the internal pressures of the legal system and legislative politics, the constrained maximization behaviour and power play of various participants, and so on. Emphasis is on the demand and supply, systemic and micro factors involved in the joint determination of rights, compensation and losses.
Inductively coupled sensing using a quartz crystal microbalance

We report the application of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) in an inductively coupled measurement. Inductive coupling makes it possible to locate the sensing element in a hostile environment and to perform measurements without direct wired connections. We demonstrate inductively coupled sensing of methanol in nitrogen using a poly(ethyl methacrylate) adsorbing layer. The gas-related signal is easily detectable and is substantially larger than changes associated with thermal expansion of the apparatus.
Extreme diffusion limited electropolishing of niobium radiofrequency cavities

Abstract A deeply modulated, regular, continuous, oscillating current waveform is reliably and repeatably achieved during electropolishing of niobium single-cell elliptical radiofrequency cavities. Details of the technique and cavity test results are reported here. The method is applicable for cavity frequencies in the range 500 MHz to 3.9 GHz and can be extended to multicell structures.
Follow-up of selective eaters from childhood to adulthood

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and course of selective eating, the stability of its behavioral profile over time, and the presence of eating disorder psychopathology among selective eaters in a non-treatment seeking cohort of young adults followed longitudinally from birth to age 23. Method A prospective design tracking a subset of the original participants from the Stanford Infant Growth Study ( n = 216) who had been followed since birth. At age 11, 120 participants had completed all assessments. The current study included a subset of the original participants who, at age 11, had completed all assessments ( n = 120) and, at age 23, had current contact information available ( n = 62) and agreed to participate ( n = 61). Results Of the 61 young adults, 17 (28%) were identified as selective eaters at age 23. The selective eating-related behaviors reported during adulthood were similar to those endorsed during childhood. New onset selective eating cases were reported during adolescence or young adulthood by 35% of the selective eating sample. Participants who were selective eaters for > 6 years prior to age 11 remained selective at age 23. There was no evidence of increased eating disorder psychopathology, excessive thinness, or obesity in selective eaters compared with non-selective eaters. Conclusions These results suggest that a proportion of selective eaters continue from childhood into adulthood with similar eating patterns; new onset selective eating occurs in adolescence or young adulthood; and selective and non-selective eaters at age 23 do not differ with regard to weight or eating psychopathology.
Biofilm Formation on Aquaculture Substrates by Selected Bacterial Fish Pathogens

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine whether common bacterial catfish pathogens could attach and colonize surfaces commonly found in aquaculture facilities. In addition, we evaluated the role of calcium in biofilm formation. Attachment to polystyrene plates was used to quantify biofilm formation by five bacterial pathogens (i.e., Flavobacterium columnare, Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella ictaluri, E. tarda, and E. piscicida). Flavobacterium columnare and A. hydrophila formed thick biofilms that were enhanced by calcium supplementation. Biofilm formation was significantly lower in all Edwardsiella species tested and calcium had little to no effect on Edwardsiella biofilm formation. Attachment to natural and artificial surfaces was quantified by a standard plate count method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to confirm biofilm formation on the substrates. Flavobacterium columnare formed biofilm on the liner, flexible PVC, and nets. Bamboo prevented F. columnare attachment and in...
Experimental Observation of Real Time Molecular Dynamics Using Electromigrated Tunnel Junctions

Single molecule tunnel junctions (SMTJs) can provide important physical insights into electronic and vibrational phenomena at the molecular scale. However, observations and analysis are typically confined to sufficiently low temperatures as to suppress molecular motion and the resulting stochastic fluctuations in the tunneling current. In this work, we introduce and experimentally validate a methodology whereby a slightly higher temperature (9 K) compared to a typical SMTJ study can be used to induce sparse fluctuations in the inelastic tunneling current and provide the fingerprints of dynamics between the conformational states of the molecule. Two examples of benzene dithiol and cysteine are studied in electromigratively formed W/Au nanowire SMTJs on SiO2 at 9 K. The second-order transform of the tunneling current reveals the expected vibrational spectra. However, we show that temporal fluctuations can be analyzed using a hidden Markov Model to reveal dynamics assigned to millisecond rearrangements of th...
Decentring and rewriting the universal story of humanity: the cosmic historiography of J.M.G. Le Clézio and Michel Serres

Through the lens of J.M.G. Le Clezio’s early novel Terra Amata (1967) and Michel Serres’s concept of the ‘Grand Recit’ ‘great story’, the purpose of this essay is to launch a call for the inception...