cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The “Many Mouths” of Community: Gossip and Social Interaction among the Kelabit of Borneo

Abstract This paper considers the role of gossip and social interaction among the Kelabit of Sarawak, Malaysia. Focusing on gossip in everyday life, the paper explores the tension between desires for individual privacy, concerns for group cohesion and, more broadly, desires to adopt a more modern style of living and social interaction. These tensions are vividly manifested in discourses about the problematic nature of gossip in the Kelabit community. Critical to this is a discussion of Kelabit styles of interpersonal interaction and conflict management, including the role of mediation. Offering a range of examples illustrating the social contexts of Kelabit gossip, this paper focuses on meta-discourses of gossip, contestations of community life, and gossip as a motivating force affecting decisions relating to choices of group affiliation.
Poly(alkylene oxide) ionomers: 1. Copolymerization of trioxane by gas phase mixing of comonomers and initiator

Abstract Uniform copolymers of trioxane with 1,3-dioxolane and ethyl glycidate of various comonomer compositions were prepared. A special reactor was used which allowed mixing of comonomers and initiator in the gas phase above the polymerization temperature of the mixture. Polymerization was accomplished by rapidly quenching the initiated mixture to dry ice temperature, giving polymer yields in excess of 80%. The polymers were either base treated or endcapped with propionic anhydride to obtain stable materials. The copolymers of trioxane and ethyl glycidate were treated with sodium hydroxide in aqueous dioxane at 85°C to give polyoxymethylene (POM) ionomers. The polymeric sodium salts could also be exchanged to other alkali salts of POM ionomers with various alkali chlorides while the polymers were either in suspension or in film form. Treatment of the sodium salts with acetic acid gave the free POM carboxylic acids. All polymers were characterized by their inherent viscosity, infra-red spectrum and p.m.r. spectrum.
Range of Validity of a Simplified Model for Diffuse Charge Dynamics

The modelling of electrochemical processes often requires the solution of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations. In complex geometries, such as porous electrodes, that is challenging due to the presence of disparate length scales, ranging from the Debye screening length (∼nm) to the device length scale (∼cm). To overcome this difficulty, one often assumes that the electric double layer (EDL) is at quasi-equilibrium to construct a simplified model that accounts for ion diffusion in the electro-neutral bulk of the electrolyte while replacing the EDLs with appropriate boundary conditions. Various researchers have demonstrated that such an approach is valid in the asymptotic limit of a thin EDL and moderate electrode potentials. In this note, we explore the range of validity of this approximation by considering a one-dimensional electrolytic cell with blocking electrodes subjected to a step change and time-periodic alternations in the electrodes’ potentials by calculating the errors associated with the approximate approach as functions of the EDL thickness and electric field frequency and intensity. Additionally, we delineate numerical instabilities associated with the numerical solutions of the bulk equations with the nonlinear boundary condition peculiar to this problem.
Bone Density and Timing of Puberty in a Longitudinal Study of Girls

Study Objective Primary: To examine the relationship between relative timing of puberty with bone mineral density (BMD) in a group of adolescent girls; Secondary: To determine if family history of breast cancer was associated with bone mineral density.
Recap of the 17th Annual Conference on Financial Economics and Accounting (with PowerPoint of Professor Katherine Schipper's Keynote Speech)

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63.1: Biaxial Stress in Thin Glass during Ring‐on‐Ring Testing with Large Deflections

Glass substrate strength is commonly evaluated by ring on ring test. Thin substrates may deflect more than 25% of their thickness before fracturing. If so, the standard formulas converting failure load to strength are invalid. We describe a method for converting load to strength, taking into account this large deflection The ring on ring test is commonly used in the display industry for evaluating the strength of a monolithic glass substrate. The ASTM standard for this test specifies that the deflection of specimen not exceed 25% of the glass thickness. With current emphasis on light weight panels with glass as thin as 0.3 mm, a specimen may deflect more than 25% of its thickness before fracturing. In such a case, large deflection can result in significant membrane stress. When this occurs, the small deflection formulas of the ASTM standard for converting failure load to strength are no longer valid. This paper provides a more accurate solution for converting failure load to strength, taking account of membrane stress resulting from large deflection. The results presented here show that membrane stress becomes an increasing percentage of the total stress with increasing deflection (and applied load). When large deflection occurs, small deflection (linear bending) theory can overestimate specimen strength significantly. Examples included in this paper illustrate the importance of using large deflection theory to get accurate values of failure stress (strength) for thin glass with the ring on ring test. A key to good measurement is to pay attention to the ratio of deflection to specimen thickness, and use the appropriate method to convert failure load to strength if it exceeds 25% to 50%.
Polymerization of two amphiphilic diacetylenes in multilayer films

The mechanism of solid state polymerization of multilayers of heptadecadiyne-4,6-ol-1 and heptadecadiyne-4,6-acid-1 were studied. In each case the multilayers showed the same type of phase transition on polymerization as is observed in the bulk crystals. The crystalline packing of the multilayers was found to be the same as in the corresponding bulk materials. Finally a comparison of the behavior of the alcohol and the acid was made. Unlike in the alcohol polymer, the greater volume change on phase transition leads to crack formation in the acid polymer.
Measurements of fuel and ablator ρR in Symmetry-Capsule implosions with the Magnetic Recoil neutron Spectrometer (MRS) on the National Ignition Facility.

The Magnetic Recoil neutron Spectrometer (MRS) on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) measures the neutron spectrum in the energy range of 4–20 MeV. This paper describes MRS measurements of DT-fuel and CH-ablator ρR in DT gas-filled symmetry-capsule implosions at the NIF. DT-fuel ρR's of 80–140 mg/cm2 and CH-ablator ρR's of 400–680 mg/cm2 are inferred from MRS data. The measurements were facilitated by an improved correction of neutron-induced background in the low-energy part of the MRS spectrum. This work demonstrates the accurate utilization of the complete MRS-measured neutron spectrum for diagnosing NIF DT implosions.
Pediatric stone disease: an evolving experience.

ABSTRACTPurpose:: The presentation and management of pediatric stone disease have changed due to early identification and treatment of congenital urological conditions, as well as technological advances. Therefore, we reviewed our 12-year experience.Materials and Methods:: A total of 123 patients with 158 stones presented from 1991 to 2003. The 46 boys and 77 girls were 8 months to 25 years old, including 5 boys (4%) younger than 3 years, 46 (37%) 4 to 12 years old and 72 (59%) older than 13 years. A 24-hour urine collection was done in 50 patients (41%) and serum chemistry studies were performed in 66 (54%).Results:: The seasons of presentation were fall in 41% of cases, summer in 24%, spring in 22% and winter in 13%. Of the patients 94 (76%) had loin pain, 10 (8%) had urinary tract infections, 13 (11%) had a history urinary tract infection, 18 (15%) had gross hematuria, 14 (11%) had structural urological abnormalities and 7 (6%) had neurogenic bladder. Metabolic abnormalities were uncommon and included ...
Discovery of novel zeolites for natural gas purification through combined material screening and process optimization

An efficient computational screening approach is proposed to select the most cost-effective materials and adsorption process conditions for CH4/CO2 separation. The method identifies eight novel zeolites for removing CO2 from natural gas, coalbed methane, shale gas, enhanced oil recovery gas, biogas, and landfill gas sources. The separation cost is minimized through hierarchical material screening combined with rigorous process modeling and optimization. Minimum purity and recovery constraints of 97 and 95%, respectively, are introduced to meet natural gas pipeline specifications and minimize losses. The top zeolite, WEI, can recover methane as economically as $0.15/MMBTU from natural gas with 5% CO2 to $1.44/MMBTU from natural gas with 50% CO2, showing the potential for developing natural gas reservoirs with higher CO2 content. The necessity of a combined material selection and process optimization approach is demonstrated by the lack of clear correlation between cost and material-centric metrics such as adsorption selectivity. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 1767–1785, 2014
Stereotactic Radiosurgery of the Postoperative Resection Cavity for Brain Metastases: Prospective Evaluation of Target Margin on Tumor Control

Purpose Given the neurocognitive toxicity associated with whole-brain irradiation (WBRT), approaches to defer or avoid WBRT after surgical resection of brain metastases are desirable. Our initial experience with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) targeting the resection cavity showed promising results. We examined the outcomes of postoperative resection cavity SRS to determine the effect of adding a 2-mm margin around the resection cavity on local failure (LF) and toxicity. Patients and methods We retrospectively evaluated 120 cavities in 112 patients treated from 1998-2009. Factors associated with LF and distant brain failure (DF) were analyzed using competing risks analysis, with death as a competing risk. The overall survival (OS) rate was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method; variables associated with OS were evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards and log rank tests. Results The 12-month cumulative incidence rates of LF and DF, with death as a competing risk, were 9.5% and 54%, respectively. On univariate analysis, expansion of the cavity with a 2-mm margin was associated with decreased LF; the 12-month cumulative incidence rates of LF with and without margin were 3% and 16%, respectively (P=.042). The 12-month toxicity rates with and without margin were 3% and 8%, respectively (P=.27). On multivariate analysis, melanoma histology (P=.038) and number of brain metastases (P=.0097) were associated with higher DF. The median OS time was 17 months (range, 2-114 months), with a 12-month OS rate of 62%. Overall, WBRT was avoided in 72% of the patients. Conclusion Adjuvant SRS targeting the resection cavity of brain metastases results in excellent local control and allows WBRT to be avoided in a majority of patients. A 2-mm margin around the resection cavity improved local control without increasing toxicity compared with our prior technique with no margin.
Extension of the neutron scattering experimental simulation code MACHO

Abstract In order to extract differential cross sections for neutron inelastic scattering to the neutron-unbound levels of a nucleus, it is often necessary to account for secondary neutrons from sequential decay of those unbound levels because of overlap in the time-of-flight spectrum. The experimental simulation code MACHO has been extended to achieve this goal and results are shown for the specific case of neutron inelastic scattering from 13 C. The extension also accounts for isotopic impurities and contains corrections to the previous version.
Reticulon 3 is an interacting partner of the SALM family of adhesion molecules

Synaptic adhesion-like molecules (SALMs) are a recently discovered family of adhesion molecules that is widely distributed in the central nervous system and has been implicated in neurite outgrowth and synapse formation. To identify proteins that interact with extracellular domains of SALMs, we carried out yeast two-hybrid screening using the extracellular domain of SALM1 as bait. A clone encoding full-length reticulon 3A1 was isolated. This interaction was shown to occur through the LRR domain, which is found on all SALMs. To determine whether this relationship also occurs in brain, we performed immunoprecipitation using antibodies to SALMs 1-4. A 19-kDa band, identified as reticulon 3C, bound to all four SALMs, whereas a 90-kDa band, which did not comigrate with any known reticulon 3 variant, bound to SALMs 2 and 3. These results show that reticulon 3 may play a role in the trafficking of the SALM family of adhesion molecules.
Thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies in serum are present at much lower levels than thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies: analysis by flow cytometry.

Using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that express high numbers of TSH receptor (TSHR) on their surface, we studied the feasibility of detecting directly by flow cytometry the binding of autoantibodies in patients’ sera to the native TSHR. After using a serum (BBl) with high potency in the TSH binding inhibition (TBI) assay to establish the protocol, we studied an additional 38 sera: 10 without TBI activity (1–4.2% inhibition), 10 with moderately high TBI values (17.3–39.4% inhibition), 10 with high TBI levels (52–95.1% inhibition), 4 from normal individuals without autoimmune thyroid disease, and 4 from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. We observed that a number of sera, including some without thyroid autoantibodies, contain antibodies against unknown antigens on CHO cells. Preadsorption with untransfected CHO cells before addition to the TSHR-10,000 cells eliminated or greatly reduced this nonspecific background. None of the sera from normal individuals, subjects with negative TBI values, or...
Use of cellular immunotherapy for treatment of refractory acute myeloid leukemia

Meeting abstracts A previous clinical trial carried out by our group in which high numbers of haploidentical donor lymphoid cells containing CD3+ cells (1 - 2 x 108 CD3+ cells/kg) were infused into recipients with refractory hematological malignancy found that 14/27 patients gave a response, 9 or
Angiotensinogen and endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms among Hispanic patients with preeclampsia

Abstract Objective: We sought to establish an association between preeclampsia and the methionine to threonine polymorphism at amino acid residue 235 (Met235Thr) in angiotensinogen in a Hispanic population. We looked for a relationship between this allele and the allele in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (NOS3) that produces the A form (NOS3*A) with respect to preeclampsia. Study Design: Clinical data were collected from 87 patients with preeclampsia and 53 control subjects. Patients and controls were genotyped for the angiotensinogen polymorphism allele (AGT*T) and the NOS3*A polymorphism. We then compared patients with preeclampsia and control subjects and investigated disease severity within the preeclampsia group as a function of genotype. Results: The AGT*T allelic frequencies among patients with preeclampsia and control subjects were 0.72 and 0.70, respectively ( P = .84). The blood pressure of patients with an AGT*T allele who also carried a NOS3*A allele was higher at earlier gestational ages ( r = –0.052; P = .02). Analysis suggested that the systolic blood pressure differences were due to gestational age effects and the presence of a NOS3*A allele ( P Conclusion: The AGT*T allele was not associated with the development of preeclampsia. Independently of the presence of an AGT*T allele, the NOS3*A allele was associated with a higher blood pressure at an earlier gestational age. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:1345-51.)
Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in mice with fluconazole

Fluconazole is a recently developed triazole with activity in vitro against Cryptococcus neoformans, water solubility, and excellent oral absorption. We compared fluconazole in murine cryptococcosis with ketoconazole and amphotericin B. Fluconazole was highly effective in suppressing cryptococcosis in mice challenged by the intravenous and intranasal routes, and was comparable with the other two drugs in its protective capacity. However, fluconazole was superior to ketoconazole and comparable with amphotericin B after intracerebral challenge. Fluconazole may warrant clinical evaluation in cryptococcosis.
Erratum to: The Moderating Effect of Perceived Organizational Ethical Context on Employees’ Ethical Issue Recognition and Ethical Judgments

When investigating the impact of organizational ethical context on individual ethical decision-making, past work has reported mixed results, with some studies indicating that a strong ethical work environment is associated with increased ethical reasoning, and other studies indicating that such an environment has little to no influence on the way ethical issues are addressed. Given these contradictory findings, we utilize multiple theoretical perspectives to assess the degree to which employees’ perceptions of ethical values, ethical culture, and corporate social responsibility moderate the relationship between their ethical issue recognition and ethical judgments. Data obtained from employees of a financial services firm located primarily in the Midwestern United States supported the research hypothesis, with organizational ethical context weakening the recognition–judgment linkage. Results are compared to prior studies, and the managerial and research implications of the findings are discussed, along with the study’s limitations and suggestions for future inquiry.
Unmasking the interplay between technology evolution and R&D collaboration: Evidence from the global semiconductor manufacturing industry, 1990–2010

Technological progress in an industry is enabled by the collective R&D efforts of suppliers, users and research organizations. In this study, we explore how the pattern of R&D collaboration within the industry community evolves over the technology life cycle. We propose that as the technology evolves from an initial emergence stage to subsequent stages of growth and maturity, there is a corresponding change in the opportunities and challenges confronting industry participants. This results in a shift not only in the relative propensities for internal and collaborative R&D, but also in the distribution of the different types of collaborative interactions involving research organizations, suppliers and users. The context for the study is the global semiconductor manufacturing industry from 1990 to 2010. During this period, the industry experienced exponential technological progress that was fueled by the deep ultraviolet (DUV) manufacturing technology. We draw upon a comprehensive archival dataset of more than 12,000 articles presented in industry technical conferences to analyze the pattern of collaborative R&D during the emergence, growth and maturity stages of the DUV technology. The observed trends in the semiconductor manufacturing industry point to intriguing shifts in the efforts and interactions among suppliers, users and research organizations as they collectively push the technology envelope forward.
Rising Prevalence of Antidepressants Among US Youths

Objective. To examine changes in antidepressant (ATD) prevalence and the sociodemographic and clinical correlates of ATD use among youths who are treated in community practice settings. Methods. A retrospective study was undertaken using large data sets from 3 US sites. Outpatient prescription and clinical service records of youths who were aged 2 to 19 and enrolled in Midwestern Medicaid (MWM) and mid-Atlantic Medicaid (MAM) state programs and a group-model health maintenance organization (HMO) were organized into seven 1-year cross-sectional data sets from 1988 through 1994 to evaluate ATD utilization patterns. Results. In 1994, ATD prevalence per 1000 youths was 19.10 (MWM), 17.78 (MAM), and 12.85 (HMO), which represented a consistent increase in prevalence from 1988–1994: 2.9-fold (MWM), 4.6-fold (MAM), and 3.6-fold (HMO). Despite the rapidly expanding use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors prescribed mainly for depression, more than half of ATD use in 1994 was still attributable to tricyclic antidepressants prescribed mainly for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. ATD prevalence was generally predominant among 10- to 14-year-old boys and among 15- to 19-year-old girls. In the Medicaid populations, 42% (MAM) and 72% (MWM) of ATD-treated youths had primary care services, whereas the bulk of the remainder had psychiatric services. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder followed by depression led the physician-reported primary care diagnoses associated with ATD use, whereas that diagnostic rank order was reversed for youths who received psychiatric services. Conclusions. ATD treatments among youths substantially increased in the 1990s. This was generated primarily by primary care providers, and thus evaluations of the outcome of ATD treatment need to target primary care in addition to psychiatric providers. Longitudinal study designs are needed to evaluate the use of ATDs in youths in regard to the duration of treatment, combination medications, and the reasons for treatment.
Expected and unexpected imaging features after oesophageal cancer treatment

Oesophageal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Various surgical procedures are performed for oesophageal malignancies. The advancement in surgical technique as well as post-surgical care has significantly reduced the complication rate. However, various complications may still occur either immediately (infection, aspiration, anastomotic leak, ischaemic necrosis, fistulae, chylothorax) or late after surgery (strictures, tumour recurrence, fistulae, delayed emptying). The palliative treatment options of radiotherapy and stent placement may also be accompanied by complications, such as radiation necrosis, stricture, and stent ingrowth by the tumour. This review presents the expected post-surgical appearance as well as various complications after surgical and non-surgical treatments of oesophageal cancer.
Application of microteaching for teaching improvement in higher education

(1978). Application of microteaching for teaching improvement in higher education. British Journal of Teacher Education: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 103-112.
Algorithms for computing evolutionary similarity measures with length independent gap penalties

We give algorithms for computing the extent of similarity between two or three sequences of letters. The similarity measures we consider include a penalty for inserting gaps within the sequence in order to enhance similarity. The magnitude of the penalty for gaps is assumed to be independent of their size in order to accommodate certain biological applications. Our algorithm for three sequence comparisons, which is based on solving a system of recursive equations, improves upon the efficiency of existing methods. Although the system of recursive equations utilized by the algorithm is quite complicated as it stands, it has none the less been simplified by appeal to combinatorial considerations.
Comparison of Carbonyl Compounds in Moldy and Non-moldy Cocoa Beans

SUMMARY: Carbonyl compounds in moldy and non-moldy cocoa beans were converted to dinitrophenylhydrazones and separated into monocarbonyl classes. Growth of mold was always accompanied by relatively large increases in carbonyl concentrations. Increases in total monocarbonyl values ranged from 20 to 500% and averaged almost 300% for the eight pairs of samples analyzed. Compared to non-moldy beans, moldy cocoa beans contained greater concentrations of methyl ketones, 2-enals and 2,4-dienals, but saturated aldehyde concentrations were quite often lower. TLC revealed the presence of C3, C4, C6, C17 and several unidentified methyl ketones. Most of the ketones detected in moldy beans were also found in non-moldy beans but in lower concentrations. Qualitatively, the unsaturated aldehyde fractions varied considerably among samples. 2-Pentenal and 2,4-pentadienal appeared as prominent TLC spots and other 2-enals and 2,4-dienals were frequently observed in moldy beans. The only unsaturated aldehydes detected in non-moldy beans by TLC were 2-pentenal and 2,4-octadienal.
Men's Likely Responses to Clinical Depression: What Are They and Do Masculinity Norms Predict Them?

This study was designed to investigate (1) men’s most likely and least likely actions in response to a vignette describing an episode of depression, (2) whether conformity to masculine norms related to the likelihood of men’s responses, and (3) which masculinity norms were associated with men’s responses. One hundred fifty-three mostly White and heterosexual undergraduate men were asked to read a vignette describing an episode of major depression, reported the likelihood of taking 20 separate actions in response to those symptoms, and completed the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (Mahalik et al., Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 4: 3–25, 2003b). Results identified the most likely and least likely responses to depression, indicated that global masculinity significantly related to four of the responses, and found three orthogonally distinct sets of relationships between specific masculinity norms and those four responses to symptoms of depression.
Meteor trail advection observed during the 1998 Leonid Shower

Sodium resonance lidar observations of meteor trails are reported from the 1998 Leonid shower experiment at the Starfire Optical Range, Kirtland Air Force Base, NM (35.0° N, 106.5° W). The lidar was operating in a spatially scanning mode that allowed tracking for up to one half-hour. Three trails are presented here whose motion allowed inference of radial as well as vector wind components and apparent diffusivities. The winds are derived independently using the narrow linewidth sodium (Na) resonance Doppler lidar technique and are compared with the tracking results.
Flight of Birds

IN NATURE, vol. viii. p. 86, Mr. J. Guthrie calls attention to, and asks explanation of, a curious phenomenon in the flight of birds observed by him :—“In the face of a strong wind,” he says, “the hawk remained fixed in space without fluttering a wing for at least two minutes. After a time it quietly changed its position a few feet with a slight motion of its wings, and then came to rest again as before, remaining as motionless as the rocks around it.”
Will they stay or will they go

The research reported here confirms and deepens our understanding of factors that affect women's confidence in their ability to complete a computer science or computer engineering (CSE) doctoral degree. Analysis of data from a longitudinal study of women participating in the Computing Research Association's Graduate Cohort for Women identifies the conditions or experiences that women perceive as influential. More importantly, we found that women who are not confident in their ability to complete their programs are about four times more likely to think about leaving CSE than those who begin confidently.
Relaxation approximations to front propagation

Abstract We introduce a relaxation model for front propagation problems. Our proposed relaxation approximation is a semilinear hyperbolic system without singularities. It yields a direction-depedent normal velocity at the leading term and captures, in the Chapman–Enskog expansion, the higher order curvature dependent corrections, including possible anisotropies.
Is serotonin or are its metabolites responsible for induction of hypothermia

Serotonin per se, rather than its metabolites, was shown to produce hypothermia in mice. This effect was mediated within the CNS and could be attenuated by methysergide.
What Do College Students, Young Families, and Empty Nesters Want in a Car? A Market Segmentation and Marketing Mix Project for Introduction to Marketing Students.

This paper presents the details of a student project used in introduction to marketing courses. The project is designed to involve students in the application of survey research to generate data used to make a series of marketing management decisions. Students collect data from three different segments of the car buying market and make product, promotion, and pricing decisions related to each of those segments. The authors propose a cross-geographical classroom project and invite instructors from other schools to involve their introductory marketing students in that project.
The end of single-molecule envy.

Molecular interactions can be detected using single engineered ion channels as stochastic sensors. This approach is used to examine events between a kinase and an inhibitor peptide tethered to an engineered channel [1] showing agreement with macroscopic biochemical data, as well as a tantalizing surprise.
Natural Peer Groups as Contexts for Individual Development: The Case of Children's Motivation in School.

This study examined the role of natural peer-group selection and socialization processes in children's school motivation. At the beginning of the school year, self- and teacher reports of classroom engagement were obtained for 109 students in 2 4th- and 2 5th-grade classrooms. On the basis of interviews with 57 students, composite maps of the social networks in these classrooms were constructed, which were found to be reliable across repoters and composed of children with similar motivational orientations. Longitudinal analyses of a 4th-grade classroom across the school year indicated continuity in the motivational composition of peer groups, despite considerable changes in individual memberships. Evidence was found for motivationally based group selection across time and for group socialization of individuals'engagement
Detection of Actinobacteria cultivated from environmental samples reveals bias in universal primers.

Aims: The aims of this study were to develop media to cultivate actinomycetes, screen the resulting isolates with Actinobacteria-specific primers, and examine the efficacy of detection of the actinobacterial isolates with universal primers. Methods and Results: Soil-extract medium was developed for a terrestrial bluff environment. Recovered isolates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with taxon-specific primers to identify Actinobacteria. Universal bacterial primers 24f and 1492r (modified and original versions) were used to amplify the 16S rRNA gene from the putative Actinobacteria. While both reverse primers failed to provide amplification products from 20% to 50% of the isolates, the 1492r primer detected Actinobacteria more effectively than 1492r-mod. The region of the gene containing the annealing site for the 1492r primers from 15 isolates that failed to amplify showed no differences in nucleotide sequence to the original 1492r primer. Conclusions: Universal 16S rRNA gene primers are not capable of amplifying this gene from all bacteria within an environmental sample. Some Actinobacteria may share 100% sequence similarity to universal primers but remain undetected. Significance and Impact of the Study: These findings are important for studies of particular taxa in environmental samples where reactions utilizing universal primers may not reveal the extent of their presence and diversity.
Using Google Apps Through the Electronic Resource Life Cycle

Electronic subscriptions have added new complexities to the life cycle of resources that did not exist in the time of print. In the past, the acquisitions process often ended once a resource was added to the collection. However, with ongoing electronic resource subscriptions, the whole process begins anew at the time of renewal. This article describes ways to leverage free Google Apps throughout the electronic resource life cycle to make the process more efficient, cost-effective, and easier to manage.
Tourism Potentials in American Middle-Sized Cities: The Case of Wilmington, Delaware, and Albany, New York

Abstract Tourism in small American cities is often problematic. Many do not have the images and attractions to lure tourists. This is particularly true for cities with myopic local politics, crumbling infrastructures and unstable demographics. Lacking an alternative economic development plan, tourism has become a possibility if not an imperative. Often such cities are slow to realize the possibilities of a tourist-oriented future. This paper analyses the tourism potential of two relatively small cities, Willington, Delaware, and Albany, New York. Using interviews of city leaders we assessed the readiness of these two cities for a tourism-based economy.
Dopamine uptake inhibitors block long-term neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine upon dopaminergic neurons

Abstract A single large dose (100 mg/kg, s.c.) of methamphetamine (MA) is known to exert neurotoxic effects on dopaminergic neurons. The potency at which a series of dopamine (DA) uptake inhibitors blocked MA-induced neostriatal depletions (amfonelic acid (AFA) ≫ mazindol (MAZ) ⩾ bupropion (BUP) > benztropine (BENZ)) was similar to their potency at blocking 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) neurotoxicity in rats. Amfonelic acid was able to block long-term neostriatal DA depletions when given 8 h, but not 16 h, after a single large MA dose. These results suggest that an intact and functional DA uptake site is necessary for the development of MA-induced long-term DA depletions.
Exponential bounds of mean error for the kernel estimates of regression functions

Abstract Let ( X , Y ), ( X 1 , Y 1 ), …, ( X n , Y n ) be i.d.d. R r × R -valued random vectors with E | Y | Q n ( x ) be a kernel estimate of the regression function Q ( x ) = E ( Y | X = x ). In this paper, we establish an exponential bound of the mean deviation between Q n ( x ) and Q ( x ) given the training sample Z n = ( X 1 , Y 1 , …, X n , Y n ), under conditions as weak as possible.
261 EFFECT OF INTRALIPID ON RESPIRATORY CALORIMETRY IN PRETERM INFANTS

The purpose of this study was to determine, 1) whether intralipid (IL) infusion in preterm infants leads to decrease in transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2) and apnea, 2) whether change in TcPO2 is due to decreased pulmonary diffusion or increased oxygen utilization. TcPO2, oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), respiratory quotient (RQ), respiratory rate, serum triglyceride (TG) & free fatty acid (FFA) were serially measured in 5 preterm AGA infants (B.W. 980-2430 gm) before and during a 4 hr IL infusion with peripheral parenteral alimentation. Total caloric intake ranged from 80-110 Kcal/kg.d. Infants remained in room air at constant environmental temperatures throughout the study. No significant change in skin temperature occurred. Only one infant developed apnea during IL infusion with a simultaneous decrease in TcPO2. One additional infant had a decrease in TcPO2 during IL. A decrease in RQ occurred consistently in all 5 infants and 4/5 infants had an increase in VO2. Concl. 1) Apnea & change in TcPO2 were not consistently observed during IL infusion, 2) RQ values greater than 1.0 suggest the anabolic state of the infants, 3) Preterm infants are capable of adapting to changes in the available nutrients for oxidative metabolism.
Numerical simulation of three‐dimensional flow in a cavity

SUMMARY Previous three-dimensional simulations of the lid-driven cavity flow have reproduced only the most general features of the flow. Improvements to a finite difference code, REBUFFS, have made possible the first completely successful simulation of the three-dimensional lid-driven cavity flow. The principal improvement to the code was the incorporation of a modified QUICK scheme, a higher-order upwind finite difference formulation. Results for a cavity flow at a Reynolds number of 3200 have reproduced experimentally observed Taylor-Gortler-like vortices and other three-dimensional effects heretofore not simulated. Experimental results obtained from a unique experimental cavity facility validate the calculated results.
Synthetic Vision CFIT Experiments for GA and Commercial Aircraft: “A Picture is Worth a Thousand Lives”

Because restricted visibility has been implicated in the majority of commercial and general aviation accidents, solutions will need to focus on how to enhance safety during instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). The NASA Synthetic Vision Systems (SVS) project is developing technologies to help achieve these goals through the synthetic presentation of how the outside world would look to the pilot if vision were not reduced. The potential safety outcome would be a significant reduction in several accident categories, such as controlled-flight-into-terrain (CFIT), that have restricted visibility as a causal factor. The paper describes two experiments that demonstrated the efficacy of synthetic vision technology to prevent CFIT accidents for both general aviation and commercial aircraft.
Preparation and Properties of Some Relatives of Noscapine

Fusion of phenylacetic acids with phthalic anhydrides resulted in the formation of benzylidenephthalides. Ammonolysis of the phthalides yielded 3-hydroxy-3-benzylphthalimidines which were easily dehydrated to 3-benzylidenephthalimidines. Bromination of 3-hydroxy-3-benzylphthalimidine with N-bromosuccinimide yielded 3-(α-bromobenzylidene)phthalimidine. Reaction of the latter with pyrrolidine gave the α-pyrrolidino derivative which on treatment with dilute hydrochloric acid resulted in 3-(α-hydroxybenzylidene)phthalimidine. Treatment of tetra-halobenzylidenephthalides with sodium methoxide produced 1,3-indandione derivatives. Mild sedative properties were noticed in compounds tested.
Phases of neon monolayers adsorbed on basal plane graphite

The first monolayer of neon adsorbed on exposed basal planes of graphite has been explored in detail by means of heat capacity measurements on 15 different coverages ranging from 0.06 to 0.91 monolayer for 1.25<T<20 K. Experimental resolution and reproducibility were enhanced by means of an on-line minicomputer. The heat capacity signatures indicate a 2D triple point at 13.5 K (T t,bulk =24.54 K) as well as several other transitions in the adsorbed films. Vapor pressure measurements extend from 0.5 monolayer to 1.5 monolayers for 19<T<26 K. In the second layer the vapor pressure isotherms indicate a 2D liquid-vapor critical point at a film density comparable to the bulk critical density and at a temperature of 20 K (T c,bulk =44.40 K).
Fluid Shear Stress Induces β-Catenin Signaling in Osteoblasts

β-Catenin plays a dual role in cells: one at cell–cell junctions and one regulating gene transcription together with TCF (T-cell Factor) in the nucleus. Recently, a role for β-catenin in osteoblast differentiation and gene expression has begun to be elucidated. Herein we investigated the effects of fluid shear stress (FSS) on β-catenin signaling. FSS is a well-characterized anabolic stimulus for osteoblasts; however, the molecular mechanisms for the effects of this stimulation remain largely unknown. We found that 1 hour of laminar FSS (10 dynes/cm2) induced translocation of β-catenin to the nucleus and activated a TCF-reporter gene. Analysis of upstream signals that may regulate β-catenin signaling activity revealed two potential mechanisms for increased β-catenin signaling. First, FSS induced a transient, but significant, increase in the phosphorylation of both glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and Akt. Second, FSS reduced the levels of β-catenin associated with N-cadherin, suggesting that less sequestration of β-catenin by cadherins occurs in osteoblasts subjected to FSS. Functional analysts of potential genes regulated by β-catenin signaling in osteoblasts revealed two novel observations. First, endogenous, nuclear β-catenin purified from osteoblasts formed a complex with a TCF -binding element in the cyclooxygenase-2 promoter, and, second, overexpression of either a constitutively active β-catenin molecule or inhibition of GSK-3β activity increased basal cyclooxygenase-2 levels. Together, these data demonstrate for the first time that FSS modulates the activity of both GSK-3β and β-catenin and that these signaling molecules regulate cyclooxygenase-2 expression in osteoblasts.
Stalin's Rocket Designers' Leap into Space: The Technical Intelligentsia Faces the Thaw

Abstract This article explores the impact of the professional culture of rocket engineering in Stalin’s Soviet Union on the engineering and organizational practices of the space program during the Khrushchev era. The Stalinist legacy and the dual military / civilian character of rocket engineers’ work profoundly affected the identity of this elite part of Soviet technical intelligentsia. Focusing on such notions as control, authority, and responsibility, this article examines the role of engineering culture in shaping the Soviet approach to the automation of piloted spacecraft control. Through patronage and networking, rocket engineers were able to overcome the inefficiency of Soviet industrial management and to advance their agenda of space exploration.
Explosion Shear‐Wave Generation in High‐Velocity Source Media

We evaluate the mechanisms responsible for generation of shear waves by explosions in high‐velocity source media by identifying, quantifying, and modeling observations that can distinguish between commonly suggested mechanisms. We review the literature to identify regional observations that have been or can be used to distinguish between two or more mechanisms. We supplement these historical observations with new measurements of the Semipalatinsk test site (STS) event Lg and P amplitudes at Borovoye and model the observations with nonlinear source models, Rg ‐to‐ Lg upper bound calculations, and wavenumber integration synthetic seismograms for point explosions and CLVDs. Direct generation of shear waves by the nonspherical component of the source volume is consistent with the regional Lg amplitude versus yield relationship, while S * and Rg ‐to‐ Lg scattering are not. We also analyze and model a large set of Degelen explosion records from approximately 10 to 90 km. The local Sg spectral corner frequency is lower than the Pg corner frequency by approximately the source P ‐to‐ S velocity ratio, which is consistent with shear waves directly generated by the source, and inconsistent with Sg being the result of pS , S *, or Rg ‐to‐ Lg scattering. The local Sg and Rg spectra are distinctly different. Taken together, results from previous work and new observations presented here support the conclusion that explosions in high‐velocity source media dominantly generate shear waves directly, through the nonspherical part of the nonlinearly deforming source volume.
Jacobsthal Numbers and Alternating Sign Matrices

We let A(n) equal the number of n ◊ n alternating sign matrices and we denote the m th Jacobsthal number by Jm. From the work of a variety of sources, we know that
The Effects of Maternal and Paternal Nutrient Status on Pollen Performance in the Wildflower Clarkia Unguiculata Lindley (Onagraceae)1

Abstract This study examined the effects of nutrient addition on pollen performance (pollen germination, pollen tube growth, and siring success) in the wildflower Clarkia unguiculata. Chamber-grown plants were watered with either a full strength commercial fertilizer (20% nitrogen, 20% phosphorus, 20% potassium) or with distilled water. Pollen performance was assessed in crosses between plants watered with nutrient solution and plants watered with distilled water. The nutritional status of the pollen donor did not affect percent germination or pollen tube growth. However, the nutritional status of the pollen recipient did significantly affect pollen germination and pollen tube growth rates. Pollen from both donor types grew significantly faster through the styles of plants watered with distilled water. Siring success, as measured by seed production, did not differ significantly between any of the treatments.
Cleavage of Type I Procollagen by Human Mast Cell Chymase Initiates Collagen Fibril Formation and Generates a Unique Carboxyl-terminal Propeptide

The ability of human mast cell chymase and tryptase to process procollagen was examined. Purified human intestinal smooth muscle cell procollagen was incubated with human mast cell tryptase or human mast cell chymase. Purified chymase, but not tryptase, exhibited procollagen proteinase activity in the presence of EDTA. Addition of purified porcine heparin over a range of 0.1-100 microg/ml did not affect either the rate or the products of procollagen chymase cleavage. The cleavage site of chymase on the pro-alpha1(I) collagen carboxyl terminus was found to be in the propeptide region at Leu-1248-Ser-1249. Cleavage at this site suggested that the collagen products would form fibrils and confirmed the production of a unique carboxyl-terminal propeptide. Turbidometric fibril formation assay demonstrated de novo formation of chymase-generated collagen fibrils with characteristic lag, growth, and plateau phases. When observed by dark field microscopy, these fibrils were similar to fibrils formed by the action of procollagen proteinases. Thus, mast cell chymase, but not tryptase, exhibits procollagen peptidase-like activity as evidenced by its ability to process procollagen to fibril-forming collagen with concurrent formation of a unique carboxyl-terminal propeptide. These data demonstrate that mast cell chymase has a potential role in the regulation of collagen biosynthesis and in the pathogenesis of fibrosis.
IAN BARBOUR: THEOLOGIAN'S FRIEND, SCIENTIST'S INTERPRETER

En tant que physicien et mathematicien, Ian barbour demontre la relation entre la science et la religion. Ses convictions theologiques et scientifiques apparaissent modernistes, et montrent qu'il apporta une large contribution a l'astronomie, la physique et la biologie grâce a ses implications pour la theologie chretienne