cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emergency Severity Index Triage Category Is Associated with Six‐month Survival

OBJECTIVE The Emergency Severity Index (ESI) is a new five-level triage instrument. The objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between ESI triage status and short-term survival. METHODS This was a survival analysis for a population-based, stratified random sample of patients over the age of 14 years who visited an urban, university-affiliated hospital emergency department (ED). Measures included ESI triage category (1 through 5), vital status obtained from the Social Security Administration, date of death (if applicable), and survival time in days. Data were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS Eighty-seven percent (202/232) of a random sample of patients appeared in the Social Security vital status registry. During the 252-day follow-up period, 19 patients (9%) died, 161 (80%) lived, and 22 (11%) had an unknown vital status. The ESI triage level was strongly associated with vital status at six months (Kaplan-Meier chi-square 25.9, p<0.0001). No patient in triage categories 4 and 5 died (lower limits of the 95% confidence interval for survival, 92% and 93%, respectively); whereas survival in triage category 1 was 68%, and in categories 2 and 3 it was 86% and 83%, respectively. Most of the deaths occurred within 60 days after the index ED visit. Sensitivity analyses biased against the instrument continued to demonstrate the association between triage status and survival. CONCLUSIONS The ESI triage status is associated with six-month survival. Patients with the highest three triage groups experienced decreased survival during the follow-up period, whereas all patients in the two lowest triage strata survived at least six months.
Vascular endothelial growth factor targeted therapy in the perioperative setting: implications for patient care

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targeted therapy, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, has become the standard of care in several solid tumours, including colorectal cancer, renal-cell carcinoma, breast cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, and glioblastoma. VEGF is crucial in the process of angiogenesis and wound healing and, thus, its inhibition has the potential to affect wound healing in patients undergoing surgery. In this review, we summarise the data available on the use of VEGF-targeted therapies, and their effect on perioperative wound complications. Surgery in patients receiving VEGF-targeted therapies seems to be safe when an appropriate interval of time is allowed between surgical procedures and treatment. Recommendations regarding this interval are provided in a disease and agent site-specific manner. We also discuss complications arising from the use of VEGF-directed therapies that might require surgical intervention and the considerations important in their management. At this juncture, safety data on the use of VEGF-targeted therapies in the perioperative period are sparse, and investigators are urged to continue to study this issue prospectively in current and future clinical trials to establish firm guidelines.
A broken heart: a woman with chest pain and an abnormal ECG.

DR. COURTENEY MACKUEN: Today’s patient is a 56-yearold woman who presents with complaint of mid-sternal and left-sided chest discomfort beginning after several episodes of nausea and non-bloody emesis. She had been drinking alcohol the evening prior to presentation. She became concerned when she developed persistent, penetrating chest pain after vomiting. She did not describe a tearing sensation. She presented to the emergency department via ambulance 4 hours after the onset of pain. She received an aspirin and a sub-lingual nitroglycerin tablet without relief from the Emergency Service personnel. Her history is significant for hypertension and an episode of chest pain two years ago with resultant hospitalization. She stated that she had an elevated troponin but minimal coronary artery disease (CAD) on catheterization. She was told she had a “broken heart.” She denied history of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). She is a non-smoker. She reported a great deal of stress in her employment. Her only medication is venlafaxine hydrochloride.
Low Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Due to Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase Mutations Increase Carotid Atherosclerosis

Despite the long-held knowledge of an inverse relationship between plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in populations, the HDL hypothesis has recently been shaken to its foundations by a barrage of controversial data. For example,
Client-Based Measure of the Audit Office Reputation and Its Association with Audit Fees, Earnings Quality, and Client’s Market Value

Following the findings from marketing and management literature on corporate reputation, we develop a new proxy to measure the audit office reputation and examine the impact of this measure on audit fees and audit quality. We argue that the presence of reputable clients and their tenure with the audit office is an unbiased and strong testimony for audit office reputation. Following this argument, we use the proximity of clients to the S&P 500 Index and Fortune’s List of Most Admired Companies, weighted by the tenure of the audit office-client relationship, to estimate our client-based audit office reputation measure (CBAR). For a sample of 3,233 audit firm clients we find that our measure of audit office reputation is positively associated with audit fees and audit quality (proxied by absolute discretionary accruals, meet-or-beat-earnings expectations, and restatements). We also show that the earnings of clients from audit offices with higher CBAR are valued higher, suggesting that the market perceives the reputation of such offices to be higher and the earnings of their clients to be more credible. This research is important since CBAR is a new and readily available measure of audit office quality that provides incremental explanatory power for audit fees and audit quality beyond previously available measures.
Repatriation of the Displaced Arabs of Palestine: The Legal Requirement as Seen from the United Nations

Israel and the PLO agreed in 1993 to negotiate on the basis of UN Security Council Resolution 242 of 1967. One of the issues to be negotiated is the situation of the Palestinians displaced in 1948 from territory that became Israel, many of whom seek to be repatriated to Israel. Resolution 242 calls for a just settlement in regard to these people. The PLO construes that phrase to mean that Israel is required to repatriate them, along with their descendants. Israel construes just settlement to permit a variety of options. The article examines the UN's handling of the issue of the displaced Palestinians between 1948 and 1967 and concludes that the displaced Palestinians were regarded as being entitled to repatriation to their homes in Israel. The article examines the drafting history of Resolution 242 and concludes that the states adopting it used the phrase just settlement in this sense.
Ethical issues from critical care to rehabilitation. A challenge for specialty nurses.

Ethical issues challenge nurses throughout the continuum of care. This article reviews principle-based ethics and introduces the concept of the ethic of care. Two case studies compare and contrast ethical issues that may emerge in the continuum of care between the critical care and rehabilitation areas.
Computer Modeling of Heterogeneous β-Cell Populations

β-cells differ significantly with respect to their electrical and secretory properties (Pipeleers, 1992), leading us to consider whether heterogeneity may have functional significance for the behavior of β-cell populations, such as the natural unit, the islet of Langerhans. On the other hand, β-cells in islets behave essentially synchronously, at least with regard to electrical activity (Eddlestone et al., 1984) and cytosolic Ca2+ levels (Santos et al., 1991). Several questions arise: How does the islet synchronize? Are the reported size and density of gap junctional connections adequate to produce synchrony? What is the role of cell heterogeneity? Is it important for building the graded response to glucose or merely an obstacle that must be overcome in order to achieve coordinated behavior? Does glucose increase insulin secretion by recruiting more cells (Pipeleers, 1992) into activity or by increasing the output of each cell (Beigelman et al., 1977)? How is the oscillatory activity of the islet generated in the absence of a pacemaker?
Fabrication and Dark-Field Scattering Characterization of Deterministic Aperiodic Plasmonic Spirals

Plasmonic aperiodic spirals with various geometries have been designed, fabricated and characterized for the first time. These new structures could result in the engineering of novel plasmonic devices for plasmonic-enhanced, polarization-insensitive broadband photo-detectors.
The phenylalanine-hydroxylating system of avian liver. Pattern of appearance during embryonic development and limiting component.

SummaryThe phenylalanine-hydroxylating system of chick liver was found to resemble the mammalian liver system in characteristics and components, with apparent involvement of a phenylalanine hydroxylase, a pteridine cofactor and a cofactor reductase. Studies on the pattern of appearance of the avian liver system during embryonic and post-hatching development of the chick showed that the activity rises from a low level in early embryo to a peak shortly before hatching, in apparent contrast to the developmental pattern reported for the mammalian system. Also in apparent contrast to recent studies on the mammalian system, the limiting factor primarily responsible for the pattern of development in avian liver appeared to be a relative lack of active phenylalanine hydroxylase component in the early chick embryo.The authors wish to acknowledge the technical assistance of Mr. Ernest Jones and Mr. Walter Wiley.
Large Eddy Simulation in a Duct With Rounded Skewed Ribs

Results from Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of fully developed flow in a ribbed duct are presented with rib pitch-to-height ratio (P/e) is 10 and a rib height to hydraulic diameter ratio (e/Dh ) is 0.1. Computations are carried out on a square duct with 45° ribs on the top and bottom walls arranged in a staggered fashion. The ribs have a rounded cross-section and are skewed at 45° to the main flow. The Reynolds number based on bulk velocity is 25,000. Mean flow and turbulent quantities, together with heat transfer and friction augmentation results are presented for a stationary case. The flow is characterized by a helical vortex behind each rib and a complementary cross-sectional secondary flow, both of which result from the angle of the rib with respect to the mean flow and result in a spanwise variation of the heat transfer. The mean flow, the turbulent quantities and the heat transfer in the duct show similar trends as in the duct with square cross-section ribs. However the results show that there is lesser friction in the ducts with rounded ribs. The overall heat transfer on the ribbed wall was augmented by 2.85 times that of a smooth duct, at the cost of friction which increases by a factor of 10. The computed values compare well with the experimental values.© 2005 ASME
On the Financial Business Innovation in the Circumstance of Internet Economy

The appearance of YuEbao and its tremendous influence emerged in a short period bring about the revolution in the financial field. YuEbao has become a powerful weapon in promoting the marketization of the interest and the innovation of financial business in the circumstance of internet economy. Its advantages of low doorsill,high profit and easy operation make it be favored by a great mass of customers. YuEbao poses a challenge to the deposit amount,financing products,fund agency business of commercial banks. Therefore,in order to survive and develop in a better way,the banking industry should change the traditional marketing concept and service mode,form the concept of"customer focus"and"customers' value oriented",and innovate the financial business via technology innovation.
Primary penile lymphoma in a patient with Peyronie's disease.

AbstractMalignant lymphoma involving the penis is rare, with only 5 cases reported in the literature. We report a case of primary lymphoma of the penis in a 60-year-old white man with Peyronie’s disease who underwent ablation followed by brief chemotherapy. There was no evidence of systemic lymphoma involvement 6 years after therapy.
Abstract 3771: Discovery of a covalent inhibitor of ERK docking-interactions that inhibits A375 melanoma cells proliferation

Acquired drug resistance, especially mechanisms associated with the reactivation of the MAPK (RAF/MEK/ERK) pathway represent a major challenge to current treatments of melanoma. Recently, targeting ERK has evolved as a potentially attractive strategy to overcome this resistance. Several ERK inhibitors have already entered clinical trials. Most of the available ERK inhibitors are reversible inhibitors that either act through an allosteric mechanism, or by targeting the ATP binding site. Taking advantage of our understanding of ERK-docking interactions we tried to discover an irreversible substrate-selective inhibitor that targets the protein-binding site of ERK. Here, we report the discovery of a covalent inhibitor of ERK that targets its protein-docking site. Protein NMR, Mass spectroscopy, mutagenesis and molecular docking studies indicate a covalent interaction of the inhibitor with a conserved cysteine residue, Cys-159. Extensive biochemical studies provide an estimate of its kinetic parameters and its kinase-selectivity profile. The new ERK inhibitor inhibits ERK activation, as well as its ability to phosphorylate downstream substrates (e.g. p90RSK and Elk-1) in HEK293T and A375 melanoma cells. The targeting of ERK in HEK293T cells was confirmed using a chemical-genetic approach where the ERK2 C159A mutant was used to rescue the effects of this compound on ERK2 signaling and cell proliferation. Currently, we are testing the effect of the compound on tumor growth inhibition in an A375 melanoma cancer xenografts model. This covalent inhibitor represents a potentially valuable lead molecule whose development may result in a novel class of pharmacologically useful ERK inhibitors for targeting resistant forms of melanoma. Citation Format: Tamer S. Kaoud, William H. Johnson, Nancy D. Ebelt, Andrea Piserchio, Mangalika Warthaka, Micael Cano, Rachel Sammons, Qiantao Wang, Pengyu Ren, Ranajeet Ghose, Kevin N. Dalby. Discovery of a covalent inhibitor of ERK docking-interactions that inhibits A375 melanoma cells proliferation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3771.
Severe Pitting Corrosion Caused by a Starving Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium Surviving on Carbon Steel and Effect of Surface Roughness

Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) are known as potential promoters for microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). Many researchers have studied the SRB-induced corrosion with supplemented organic nutrients. However, many corroding environments do not always contain organic substrates that can be metabolized by SRB. In this study, the pitting and weight loss of carbon steel coupons due to corrosion caused by a SRB culture were examined over a 40-day period after organic substrates had been exhausted. The extents of pitting corrosion on polished and unpolished sides of steel coupons were also compared for the effect of roughness. The study was done in sterilized batch containers with constant purge of nitrogen to ensure the anoxic conditions. The surface structure of biofilm was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pit depth, density and morphology were determined by infinite focus microscopy (IFM). The SRB was found to survive through the 40-day starvation and cause severe pitting corrosion with a maximum pit depth of 46 μm. The rougher surface showed earlier pitting initiation and higher pit density. The finding of SRB’s ability to live and cause severe pitting corrosion under condition of no organic nutrients is very important to the understanding of SRB activities in corroding environments.
Prediction of Viscous Internal and External Flows by a Locally Analytical Method

The steady two-dimensional laminar flow of an incompressible viscous fluid is described by the Navier-Stokes equations, written in terms of the vorticity and stream function in Equation 1. Exact solutions exist only for very idealized flow situations. Thus, numerical solution techniques are being developed which differ from one another in the derivation of the algebraic representation of the differential equations. $$ {\nabla^2}\xi = {R_2}\left[ {U\frac{{\partial \xi }}{{\partial X}} + V\frac{{\partial \xi }}{{\partial Y}}} \right];\quad {\nabla^2} = \xi $$ (1)
Stability analysis for switched systems with ISS and unstable time-delayed subsystems

In this work we consider the input-to-state stability property for a switched system containing both delayed input-to-state stable subsystems and delayed unstable (but forward complete) subsystems. Our main approach is based on the Lyapunov-Razumikhin functions. By using the notion of average dwell time, it is demonstrated that for a system switching among subsystems that admit comparable Lyapunov-Razumikhin type of functions, if a switching signal is not switching too fast and if the activation time of unstable subsystems is not too long, then the resulted switched system is ISS.
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator to restore catheter patency: efficacy and safety analysis from a multihospital NICU system

Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator to restore catheter patency: efficacy and safety analysis from a multihospital NICU system
Introduction: what’s transgressive about trans* studies in education now?

AbstractThis introductory article sets the stage for the following special issue of the International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education on current considerations, contestations, and research regarding transgender studies in higher education. Specifically, in this introduction, I question what it means to be in a ‘transgender moment’ in higher education, and how such a moment may provide both promises and limitations for future research and praxis.
It takes time to tune.

In a recent issue of JAMA Psychiatry , Bergfeld et al. , report the results of an investigator-initiated trial of bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral anterior limb of the internal capsule (vALIC) for treatment of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) (1). The results of this trial indicate that DBS of vALIC produces an antidepressant response that slowly accumulates over the course of a year and rapidly dissipates when stimulation is discontinued. This is encouraging and brings hope to patients with a debilitating depression who have exhausted most currently available treatment options. Indeed, the patients selected for this trial were particularly refractory, having failed electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as well as numerous pharmacotherapeutic approaches, including two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and lithium augmentation. Despite reports of recently failed industry-sponsored trials of DBS for treatment of TRD (2,3), the medical field has an obligation to continue to investigate potential treatments for this group of severely afflicted patients. Although the results of this trial inspire some hope for an effective treatment for TRD, this hope comes with a caveat of caution driven by two recently failed trials (2,3) as well as several unique aspects of this trial that raise questions of how to move the field of invasive neuromodulation for TRD forward.
Literary Maps and the Creation of a Legend

In this chapter, I address parallel processes of adaptation and cartography through an examination of literary maps: maps that aim to recreate and, in some cases, create the experience of a particular narrative landscape through visual, pictorial, and spatial representations of writers, characters, settings, and scenes from preexisting creative works. This chapter begins with an overview of the genre of literary maps and the manner in which they organize information, as well as their target uses. I then examine two sets of literary maps as representative of two types of cartographic adaptation: the “Map-of-A-Book” calendars issued by the Harris Company from 1953 to 1964 and the maps produced by the Aaron Blake Company in the 1980s. I distinguish the two sets of maps in terms of both their functionality and engagement with source material: one set of maps privileges the literary work and emphasizes appreciation over user interaction, whereas the other privileges the reader and posits interactivity as appreciation. I conclude the chapter with a brief look at contemporary digital literary mapping projects and consider their contribution to adaptation and adaptation networks.
Effects of Punishment in an Alternative Response Context as a Function of Relative Reinforcement Rate

Effects of punishment on one response as a function of the relative reinforcement density for an alternative, unpunished response were investigated. 30 Ss were randomly assigned to 5 groups which differed according to the concurrent VI reinforcement schedules used to maintain punished (R1) and alternative behavior (R2), respectively. In each group the density of reinforcement for R1 was either equal to or greater than that for R2. The experimental procedures were constant for all groups and involved repeated measures of Ss’ performance across periods of acquisition training and punishment. In acquisition, rate differences in R1 responding were an increasing function of reinforcement density for R1. When noise punishment was superimposed for R1, suppression generally increased as the rate of reinforcement for R2 increased. Furthermore, punishment accelerated R2 responding in most groups. Behavior may be more or less susceptible to suppression by punishment depending upon the rate at which it is reinforced relative to the reinforcement rate for alternative behavior.
Electroless Deposition and Ignition Properties of Si/Fe2O3 Core/Shell Nanothermites.

Thermite, a composite of metal and metal oxide, finds wide applications in power and thermal generation systems that require high-energy density. Most of the researches on thermites have focused on using aluminum (Al) particles as the fuel. However, Al particles are sensitive to electrostatic discharge, friction, and mechanical impact, imposing a challenge for the safe handling and storage of Al-based thermites. Silicon (Si) is another attractive fuel for thermites because of its high-energy content, thin native oxide layer, and facile surface functionality. Several studies showed that the combustion properties of Si-based thermites are comparable to those of Al-based thermites. However, little is known about the ignition properties of Si-based thermites. In this work, we determined the reaction onset temperatures of mechanically mixed (MM) Si/Fe2O3 nanothermites and Si/Fe2O3 core/shell (CS) nanothermites using differential scanning calorimetry. The Si/Fe2O3 CS nanothermites were prepared by an electroles...
Pirandello traduttore di se stesso: Due liriche inedite in tedesco da Pasqua di Gea:

In questo studio l’autore mette in luce due liriche in tedesco dal quadernetto inedito Gedanken (1890) (Pensieri) di Luigi Pirandello che il neolaureato dalla Rheinische Friedrich–Wilhelms–Universitat di Bonn lascio alla sua cara e dolce Jenny Schulz Lander, cui il poeta dedico la raccolta Pasqua di Gea e varie liriche delle Elegie renane (1889–1890). Pirandello traduce in tedesco le sue poesie, compiute e incompiute: la maggior parte delle traduzioni sono tratte dalla raccolta palermitana Mal giocondo e dalla raccolta, allora in fieri, Pasqua di Gea. Queste due liriche in tedesco, Pasqua di Gea IV (poi indicata come la XII) e Grossmutterchen (poi Pasqua di Gea X), sono per lo studente poeta delle prove linguistiche, un addestramento scolastico preparatorio per affrontare le lezioni di filologia romanza all’Universita di Bonn. Jenny vi compare come la donna che risveglia in lui l’amore e la passione per l’arte. Per Pirandello, Jenny e la dea della primavera che gli ravviva lo spirito e i sentimenti, ma ch...
Growth Signaling and Survival Pathways in Aggressive B-cell Lymphoma

The aberrations in B-cell growth signaling that characterize aggressive B-cell lymphomas, including large B-cell lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma, are discussed. The shift from paracrine to autocrine growth factor expression and the subsequent dysregulation of multiple ligand-receptor pathways are highlighted.
What Words Can’t Say: Emoji and other non-verbal elements of technologically-mediated communication

Purpose This paper aims to survey the moral psychology of emoji, time-restricted messaging and other non-verbal elements of nominally textual computer-mediated communication (CMC). These features are increasingly common in interpersonal communication. Effects on both individual well-being and quality of intimate relationships are assessed. Results of this assessment are used to support ethical conclusions about these elements of digital communication. Design/methodology/approach Assessment of these non-verbal elements of CMC is framed in light of relevant literature from a variety of fields, including neuroscience, behavioral economics and social psychology. The resulting ethical analysis is informed by both Aristotelian and Buddhist virtue ethics. Findings This paper finds that emoji and other nonverbal elements of CMC have positive potential for individual well-being and interpersonal communication. They can be used to focus and direct attention, express and acknowledge difficult emotions and increase altruistic tendencies. Research limitations/implications This paper is conceptual, extrapolating from existing literature to investigate possibilities rather than reporting on novel experiments. It is not intended to substitute for empirical research on use patterns and their effects. But by identifying positive potential, it can help both users and designers to support individual and relational well-being. Practical implications The positive effects identified here can be incorporated into both design and use strategies for CMC. Social implications Situating ethical analysis of these trending technologies within literature from the social sciences on the effects of stylized faces, disappearing messages and directed attention can help us both understand their appeal to users and best practices for using them to enrich our social lives. Originality/value The paper uses empirically informed moral psychology to understand a deceptively trivial-looking phenomenon with wide-ranging impacts on human psychology and relationships.
Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: Surgical Perspective

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are rare vascular lesions [1], [2]; however, because hemorrhage of CCMs can result in significant morbidity and mortality [3], [4], a great deal of effort has been devoted to their detection and treatment. Although previously thought to be solely congenital, it is now well recognized that many cavernous malformations are acquired [5], arising de novo or occasionally after radiotherapy. The natural history of cavernous malformations is only now being elucidated with the widespread use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Preliminary reports suggest the annual risk of clinically significant hemorrhage to be less than 1% [1]–[4], although many factors may increaHse this risk. In general, the results of surgical removal of accessible symptomatic cavernomas are excellent, with improved control of medically intractable seizures, restoration of neurologic function, and decreased risk of future hemorrhage. Surgically inaccessible lesions remain a difficult clinical challenge.
A Gap Theorem for Differentially Algebraic Power Series

One of the ways to force an analytic function to be pathological is to suppose that its power series has large gaps. If \( f(z) = \sum\limits_{k = 0}^\infty {f{k^{{z^k}}}} \) is a formal power series, we define the spectrum of f by σ(f) = {k : f k ≠ 0}. It is possible to gain information about the analytical behaviour of f from the knowledge of σ(f) alone.
Will Machines Ever Think

Artificial Intelligence research has come under fire for failing to fulfill its promises. A growing number of AI researchers are reexamining the bases of AI research and are challenging the assumption that intelligent behavior can be fully explained as manipulation of symbols by algorithms. Three recent books -- Mind over Machine (H. Dreyfus and S. Dreyfus), Understanding Computers and Cognition (T. Winograd and F. Flores), and Brains, Behavior, and Robots (J. Albus) -- explore alternatives and open the door to new architectures that may be able to learn skills.
Frequency Regulation using Smart Inverters in High Penetration Distributed PV Scenario

The classical frequency regulation problem of a medium voltage distribution network with high Photovoltaic (PV) penetration is addressed. The methodology, using multiple distributed smart inverters, is discussed thoroughly. The frequency control strategy shown here, is primarily based on the advanced Frequency-Watt Control (FWC) feature of the Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). This feature mimics the governor droop control of conventional synchronous generator and doesn't require costly communication infrastructure. Dead band coordination is discussed and a low-cost coordination strategy for multiple smart PV inverters is also proposed based on the Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) principle. Dynamic frequency regulation on a modified IEEE-13 bus test system is simulated and analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed solution. The simulation results show evidence that the proposed coordination strategy is effective in providing a tight frequency regulation.
FAST2: An intelligent assistant for finding relevant papers

Abstract Literature reviews are essential for any researcher trying to keep up to date with the burgeoning software engineering literature. Finding relevant papers can be hard due to the huge amount of candidates provided by search. FAST2 is a novel tool for assisting the researchers to find the next promising paper to read. This paper describes FAST2 and tests it on four large systematic literature review datasets. We show that FAST2 robustly optimizes the human effort to find most (95%) of the relevant software engineering papers while also compensating for the errors made by humans during the review process. The effectiveness of FAST2 can be attributed to three key innovations: (1) a novel way of applying external domain knowledge (a simple two or three keyword search) to guide the initial selection of papers—which helps to find relevant research papers faster with less variances; (2) an estimator of the number of remaining relevant papers yet to be found—which helps the reviewer decide when to stop the review; (3) a novel human error correction algorithm—which corrects a majority of human misclassifications (labeling relevant papers as non-relevant or vice versa) without imposing too much extra human effort.
Facilitation and herbivory during restoration of California coastal sage scrub

Using nurse plants to facilitate native plant recruitment in degraded habitats is a common restoration practice across various arid and semiarid environments. Living trees or shrubs are typically considered nurse plants, whereas dead shrubs left in the landscape from prolonged drought are understudied prospective facilitators for native plant recruitment. The interaction between nurse plants and biotic pressures, such as herbivory, on native recruitment is also not well understood in semiarid plant communities. We investigated the effects of facilitation and herbivory on native seedling germination, growth, and survival in the restoration of degraded coastal sage scrub (CSS) habitat. Native shrub seedlings (Artemisia californica and Salvia mellifera) were planted, and native annual species (Amsinckia intermedia, Deinandra fasciculata, Phacelia distans, and Pseudognaphalium californicum) were sown in three Shrub Type treatments (live shrub, dead shrub, and exposed areas), with a nested Cage treatment (no cage and cage) in each Shrub Type treatment. Annual species grew equally well in all Shrub Type treatments; shrub seedlings grew largest in exposed areas. While there was little evidence of facilitation for all species tested, there were strong positive effects of caging on growth and establishment of all species. Caging palatable native species or planting species with anti‐herbivory traits around target plants may be more strategic approaches compared to using nurse plants in restoring degraded CSS after extended drought.
Range description for a spherical mean transform on spaces of constant curvature

Let X be a Riemannian manifold and R be the spherical mean transform in X. Let S be a geodesic sphere in X and R S be the restriction of R to the set of geodesic spheres centered on S. We present a complete range description for R S when X is either the hyperbolic space H n or the sphere S n (n ≥ 2 in both cases). The description is analogous to a result for the euclidean space ℝ n obtained by M. Agranovsky, D. Finch, and P. Kuchment and by M. Agranovsky and L. V. Nguyen.
Framing the Common Core: An Analysis of Four Key Policy Actors

Background/ContextIn recent years, the American political context has become increasingly divided, as exemplified by the debate over the Common Core State Standards. Initially a bipartisan national...
Targeted covalent inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase in cells

O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) glycosylates numerous proteins and is implicated in many diseases. To date, most OGT inhibitors lack either sufficient potency or characterized specificity in cells. We report the first targeted covalent inhibitor that predominantly reacts with OGT but does not affect other functionally similar enzymes. This study provides a new strategy to interrogate cellular OGT functions and to investigate other glycosyltransferases.
On Random Solutions of Nonlinear Integral Equations

Publisher Summary Nonlinear integral equations have long occupied a prominent place in mathematical analysis and their importance in physics, engineering, and technology is well recognized. Various methods have been employed in the study of nonlinear integral equations This chapter discusses the use of probabilistic (or stochastic) methods in the study of nonlinear integral equations. There are several ways by which probabilistic methods might be employed: (1) utilizing the theory of generalized random variables and random operators, (2) utilizing stochastic approximation methods, and (3) considering the solution of the nonlinear equation to be the realization (sample function) of a stochastic process. The chapter describes the utilization of the theory of generalized random variables and random operators. It presents a stochastic analogue of Uryson integral equation for the study of nonlinear integral equations.
Automating Stress Detection from Handwritten Documents

Stress is a crucial problem in life, which is growing because of the fast-paced and demanding modern-life. Meanwhile, stress must be detected at early stages to prevent the negative effects on human health. Graphologist who analyze human handwriting have been able to detect stress from human handwriting. This is by extracting some features from the handwriting to detect stress level. The manual stress detection process is expensive, tedious and exhausting. This made the automation of the stress detection system important. Little research has been done on this field. In this research we will focus on automating stress detection from handwritten documents. We are working with graphologist to create a database of handwritten documents for stress detection. Later we will experiment different features to automate stress detection from the person’s handwriting.
Joint Pricing and Platform Configuration in Product Family Design with Generic Algorithm

Manufacturers add numerous product variants to address different customer preferences for mass customization. One approach to implement the mass customization is to develop or produce products based on the platform architecture. A platform is a set of common components, modules or parts shared by product variants in one product family. One product variant makes use of the platform as the starting point and then add or remove components to change features of the product. The problem of determining the platform configuration is considered as maximizing the overall profit under the price-dependent demand market environment while satisfying the part assembly constraints. Platform configuration and sale prices are decision variables in the problem. A strategy based on Genetic Algorithm is proposed to solve the illustrating problem involving the product family of cordless drills. Results manifest that the sale price decision could have significant influence on the product family design, e.g. the platform configuration and the profitability of one product family.
Effects of Shock Waves on Jet Mixing and Noise Generation

Mixing and noise generation from underexpanded, supersonic rectangular jets have been studied using a recently developed simulation program, FAST3D, that uses the Virtual Cell Embedding (VCE) technique with the Flux-Corrected Transport Algorithm (FCT) to efficiently simulate flows in and around complex geometries. The simulations have been able to capture the shock-cell structure, the large-scale flow structures and their interaction with objects (paddles) in the flowfleld. Detailed diagnostics have also been developed to characterize the flowfleld and to provide a framework to understand the interactions between shocks, large-scale flow structures and objects in the flow field. For the cases reported, a flapping mode of flow instability is observed to be the dominant mechanism responsible for the mixing and noise generation. By introducing paddles into the flowfleld, the mixing can be significantly enhanced but the screech amplitude also increases. Further simulations with more aerodynamic paddles and different amounts of underexpansion are needed to develop a better understanding of mixing and noise generation from these supersonic jets.
The effectiveness of warning labels

Six subjects viewed sixteen different warning and nonwarning labels on four different colors. Results indicate that color alone was not a significant factor in label indication. Also, the messages on the label and the subjects have a significant effect on label identification.
Data-Driven Allocation of Vaccines for Controlling Epidemic Outbreaks

We propose a mathematical framework, based on conic geometric programming, to control a susceptible-infected-susceptible viral spreading process taking place in a directed contact network with unknown contact rates. We assume that we have access to time series data describing the evolution of the spreading process observed by a collection of sensor nodes over a finite time interval. We propose a data-driven robust convex optimization framework to find the optimal allocation of protection resources (e.g., vaccines and/or antidotes) to eradicate the viral spread at the fastest possible rate. In contrast to current network identification heuristics, in which a single network is identified to explain the observed data, we use available data to define an uncertainty set containing all networks that are coherent with empirical observations. Our characterization of this uncertainty set of networks is tractable in the context of conic geometric programming, recently proposed by Chandrasekaran and Shah, which allows us to efficiently find the optimal allocation of resources to control the worst-case spread that can take place in the uncertainty set of networks. We illustrate our approach in a transportation network from which we collect partial data about the dynamics of a hypothetical epidemic outbreak over a finite period of time.
Reconfigurable multi-beam spiral antenna with RF-MEMS capacitive series switches fabricated on rigid substrates

A single-arm rectangular spiral antenna, which radiates multi-beam with radiofrequency-microelectromechanical system (RF-MEMS) capacitive series switches, is monolithic fabricated on rigid substrates (glass: /spl epsiv//sub t/ = 7.4 and quartz: /spl epsiv//sub t/ = 3.8). The spiral is configured by three-arms, which can be interconnected by two RF-MEMS series switches. The proposed antenna radiates left hand circular polarization (LHCP). The gain of multibeams is between 1 /spl sim/ 3 dBi for glass substrate and 3 /spl sim/ 5 dBi for quartz substrates. Multibeams of antennas satisfy a 3-dB axial ratio criterion at operating frequency band 11 GHz for glass and 6 GHz for quartz substrates.
Ten Dimensions of Ubiquitous Computing

Much has been written about smart mobile computing devices and how they will make “ubiquitous computing” a reality, but simply having smart devices in the world is not enough. An infrastructure is needed to bind these devices together in a meaningful way. This infrastructure is known as “intelligent environments”. But, what are the elements of this “intelligence” behind ubiquitous computing? In this position paper, we propose ten dimensions along which this intelligence might be described. They can be summarized as: meaningfulness, world modeling, user modeling, distribution, accessibility, extensibility, heterogeneity, automation, usability, and ubiquity. The intelligent environment systems of today are demonstrations of subsets of this vision; the task before us is to generalize from these examples and develop the standards that will allow ubiquitous computing to be fully developed.
VELOCIRAPTOR: An X-band photoinjector and linear accelerator for the production of Mono-Energetic γ-rays

Abstract The rf photoinjector and linear accelerator in the Mono-Energetic Gamma-ray (MEGa-ray) facility at LLNL is presented. This machine uses 11.4 GHz rf technology to accelerate a high-brightness electron beam up to 250 MeV to produce MeV γ - rays through Compton scattering with a Joule-class laser pulse. Compton scattering-based generation of high flux, narrow bandwidth γ - rays places stringent requirements on the performance of the accelerator. The component parts of the accelerator are presented and their requirements described. Simulations of expected electron beam parameters and the resulting light source properties are presented.
On the use of HMMs to recognize cerebral palsy speech: isolated word case

A conventional HMM (hidden Markov model) method has been applied to the problem of isolated-word cerebral palsy speech recognition. A full-structure HMM was found to provide best results because of the conditions of high variability and small amounts of training data. To overcome the inadequacies of the conventional method, an enhanced clipping procedure has been developed which aids in the removal of variability in both the training and recognition phases of the HMM procedure. The performance of isolated-word recognition was significantly improved when this enhanced procedure was applied in a case study. >
Tradition versus Democracy in the South Pacific

Tradition versus Democracy in the South Pacific. Stephanie Lawson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. 228 pp.
Some thoughts on quantum nondemolition measurements in biological systems

A brief review of measurement theory in quantum mechanical and biological systems is made, the concept of quantum nondemolition experiments is discussed and a possible resolution to a previous discussion on the existence of nonrepeatable experiments is presented.
Monte Carlo simulation of atomic processes on the solid surfaces

Abstract Atomic processes on solid surfaces can be directly observed in the field ion microscope. We present here a Monte Carlo study of these atomic processes, aiming to facilitate analysis of the experimental data and to derive useful information from them. Problems considered include the effect of elastic and inelastic reflective boundaries on the observable mean square displacements, the frequency of a diffusing atom to encounter a plane boundary, the site occupation probabilities, and the displacement distribution. The discrete random walks are assumed to have an exponential jump length distribution, and the nearest neighbor random walk is treated as a limiting case. The adsorption layer superstructure formation is also simulated based on pair energy data we have measured recently.
“Let us all be Kissing-Friends?”: Zora Neale Hurston and Race Politics in Dixie

The conflicted racial identity politics of Zora Neale Hurston climaxed in a statement printed in February 1943 in the New York Herald Telegram. In the article, "When Negro Succeeds, South is Proud," Hurston argued that " the Jim Crow system works. " Hurston later retracted this statement, claiming that it was taken out of context and grossly distorted. Hurston said that her point was to show that "there was plenty of race prejudice both north and south" but that the South "by opportunity of long practice had worked out a system, while the North, caught between declarations of no prejudice, and its actual feelings... was groping around for the same thing, but with fine phrases. "x Hurston's paradoxical defense of the South in her journalistic writings, and her construction of black southern identity in her 1942 autobiography, Dust Tracks on a Koad, draws attention to the complex and conflicted positioning of the black female subject in the World War II South. By re examining Hurston's autobiography in the context of her journalism in the 1940s, we can see that her defense of the South is an index for her constant slippage of subject positions. Hurston's narrative shows that the segregated landscape of the South produces a conflict between regional, racial, and national identifications for black southern writers. The resulting paradoxical identification with multiple subject positions, however, does not lead Hurston into an "ideological cul de sac," as Robert Hemenway suggests, but articulates a definition of the self that privileges "doubling" over "splitting." Hurston's text produces not a "woman half in shadow, " but an image of being in at least two places at
N -acetyl-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro inhibits interleukin-1β-mediated matrix metalloproteinase activation in cardiac fibroblasts

Myocardial matrix turnover involves a dynamic balance between collagen synthesis and degradation, which is regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). N-acetyl-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro (Ac-SDKP) is a small peptide that inhibits cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. However, its role in MMP regulation is not known. Thus, we hypothesized that Ac-SDKP promotes MMP activation in cardiac fibroblasts and decreases collagen deposition via this mechanism. To that end, we tested the effects of Ac-SDKP on interleukin-1β (IL-1β; 5 ng/ml)-stimulated adult rat cardiac fibroblasts. We measured total collagenase activity, MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-13 expressions, and activity along with their inhibitors, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2. In order to examine the effects of Ac-SDKP on the signaling pathway that controls MMP transcription, we also measured nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. Ac-SDKP did not alter collagenase or gelatinase activity in cardiac fibroblasts under basal conditions, but blunted the IL-1β-induced increase in total collagenase activity. Similarly, Ac-SDKP normalized the IL-1β-mediated increase in MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities and MMP-13 expression. Inhibition of MMPs by Ac-SDKP was associated with increased TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expressions. Collagen production was not affected by Ac-SDKP, IL-1β, or a combination of both agents. Ac-SDKP blocked IL-1β-induced p42/44 phosphorylation and NFκB activation in cardiac fibroblasts. We concluded that the Ac-SDKP-inhibited collagenase expression and activation was associated with increased expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. These pharmacological effects of Ac-SDKP may be linked to the inhibition of MAPK and NFκB pathway.