cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Looking for an accurate mirror: a model for the relationship between media use and anorexia.

Abstract Quantitative research suggests a relationship exists between anorexia and media messages which depict a “thin-ideal” female stereotype. Despite growing support for that relationship, little is known about the psychological processes and mechanisms involved in that relationship. This study used qualitative methods to explore those processes and mechanism to create a model for understanding the relationship between anorexia and media use. Interviews from 28 female participants were analyzed and coded for temporal, situational, and motivational relationships between the anorexic behaviors and media use. Results suggest an interactive, circular model similar to models used to explain other compulsive and addictive processes.
Off-state transmission of a twisted nematic liquid-crystal layer. Some comments

Apparent discrepancies between exact and approximate calculations of the off-state transmission of light through a twisted nematic liquid-crystal layer are resolved when the correct approximate expressions are used.
The metabolism of dibenz[a,j]acridine in the isolated perfused lung.

Abstract The metabolism of the carcinogenic N -heterocyclic aromatic, dibenz[ a,j ]acridine (DB[ a,j ]A), was investigated in an isolated perfused rabbit lung preparation. The rate of metabolism of DB[ a,j ]A was less than the rate of metabolism of 7 H -dibenzo[ c,g ]carbazole (DB[ c,g ]C) in the untreated and corn oil-pretreated animals. A significantly increased rate of metabolism was observed for DB[ a,j ]A in benzo[ a ]pyrene(B[ a ]P)-pretreated animals. This resulted in marked increases in conjugation and distribution of conjugates and total metabolites in blood and lung. Two major metabolites characterized spectroscopically were assigned as the 3,4-dihydrodiol and a phenol of DB[ a,j ]A. The results indicate that in the lung DB[ a,j ]A is metabolized in a manner similar to that of B[ a ]P.
Theory of the infinite stage Nernst-Ettingshausen refrigerator

Abstract It is shown that an infinite stage Nernst-Ettingshausen refrigerator can be constructed by proper shaping of the material. Expressions for the coefficient of performance, maximum temperature difference and the shaping function z ( x ) are given in general and for the special case where the product of the Nernst figure of merit Z and temperature T is independent of T . Some theoretical results of interest are depicted in graphical form. Preliminary experiments have verified the usefulness of the theory. Cooling from ice water to dry ice temperatures has been achieved with a Nernst-Ettingshausen refrigerator using pure bismuth for the material.
Multi-domain lambda grid data portal for collaborative grid applications

This paper presents the iGrid2005 demonstration of the multi-domain Lambda Grid data portal to enable collaborative Grid applications to retrieve gigabyte-size scientific datasets on demand over a wide-area Lambda Grid test-bed spanning across the United States and Europe. The data portal allows collaborative users to register and discover distributed datasets across a multi-domain Lambda Grid through a web-service based dataset registry and search engine, and to deliver the discovered datasets through dynamic established lightpaths to specified computing cluster locations for dataset manipulation. The data portal employs the novel Secure Photonic Inter-domain Negotiator (SPIN) as a secure multidomain control plane to set up dynamic lightpaths between the source and destination clusters for respective storage and manipulation of the discovered datasets over a multi-domain Lambda Grid. The data portal employs lamhda-aware middleware and transport protocol to optimize transfer of the discovered datasets over the dynamic established lightpaths. Implementation details and observed performance results from the demonstrations of the SPIN-based Lambda Grid data portal are reported.
Improving the performance of predictive process modeling for large datasets

Advances in Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) enable accurate geocoding of locations where scientific data are collected. This has encouraged collection of large spatial datasets in many fields and has generated considerable interest in statistical modeling for location-referenced spatial data. The setting where the number of locations yielding observations is too large to fit the desired hierarchical spatial random effects models using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods is considered. This problem is exacerbated in spatial-temporal and multivariate settings where many observations occur at each location. The recently proposed predictive process, motivated by kriging ideas, aims to maintain the richness of desired hierarchical spatial modeling specifications in the presence of large datasets. A shortcoming of the original formulation of the predictive process is that it induces a positive bias in the non-spatial error term of the models. A modified predictive process is proposed to address this problem. The predictive process approach is knot-based leading to questions regarding knot design. An algorithm is designed to achieve approximately optimal spatial placement of knots. Detailed illustrations of the modified predictive process using multivariate spatial regression with both a simulated and a real dataset are offered.
G m /I D based noise analysis for CMOS analog circuits

This paper proposes a technique to obtain thermal noise coefficient (γ) and corner frequency (f co ) from simulation. Once determined, γ and f co can be integrated into the g m /I D design flow to simplify CMOS analog circuit design. A folded cascode operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is designed to provide a point of comparison. A 10% error in input noise and a 25% error in output noise show that γ and f co can indeed be integrated into the g m /I D design flow.
High‐efficiency, low‐threshold, Zn‐diffused narrow stripe GaAs/GaAlAs double heterostructure lasers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

Deep Zn‐diffused, 4‐μm stripe thin p active layer GaAs/GaAlAs double heterostructure lasers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition are reported. Threshold currents as low as 40 mA (length 220 μm), a characteristic temperature as large as 170 °C, and external differential quantum efficiencies as high as 80–90% are obtained. Single longitudinal and transverse mode operation of these lasers is also observed.
Participation of a dialyzable cofactor in the relaxing factor system of muscle. II. Studies with myofibrillar ATP-ase.

Abstract Inhibition of myofibrillar ATPase by granules sedimented at 35,000 × g often did not account for the inhibitory activity of the crude extract from which they were prepared. In such cases full inhibition could be obtained by combining the granules with a dialysate prapared from the 35,000 × g supernatant. The requirement for the dialyzable cofactor was particularly pronounced at low concentrations of granules. In those cases where the granules manifested no requirement for added cofactor, incubation of the granules at 37° for 60 min produced a requirement for this cofactor. Both calcium and carnosine were found to antagonize the inhibitory effect of the relaxing factor system.
Controlled two-photon photodegradation of PEG hydrogels to study and manipulate subcellular interactions on soft materials

Cell adhesion and detachment to and from the extracellular matrix (ECM) are critical regulators of cell function and fate due to the exchange of mechanical signals between the cell and its microenvironment. To study this cell mechanobiology, researchers have developed several innovative methods to investigate cell adhesion in vitro; however, most of these culture platforms are unnaturally stiff or static. To better capture the soft, dynamic nature of the ECM, we present a PEG-based hydrogel in which the context and geometry of the extracellular space can be precisely controlled in situvia two-photon induced erosion. Here, we characterize the two-photon erosion process, demonstrate its efficacy in the presence of cells, and subsequently exploit it to induce subcellular detachment from soft hydrogels. A working space was established for a range of laser powers required to induce complete erosion of the gel, and these data are plotted with model predictions. From this working space, two-photon irradiation parameters were selected for complete erosion in the presence of cells. Micron-scale features were eroded on and within a gel to demonstrate the resolution of patterning with these irradiation conditions. Lastly, two-photon irradiation was used to erode the material at the cell–gel interface to remove cell adhesion sites selectively, and cell retraction was monitored to quantify the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) response to subcellular detachment from soft materials.
Primitivity is hereditary for 2-structures

Abstract It is proved that each primitive 2-structure on n elements ( n ⩾3) contains a primitive substructure on either ( n −1) or ( n −2) elements.
Mineralogy and Aeroradioactivity as Indicators of Radon Hazard Zones

The concentrations of indoor radon in the basements of homes located in southern Maryland average 1.3 times the first-floor radon concentrations. Particular geological units tend to be associated with higher indoor radon. In the study area, homes underlain by phyllite are generally above 4 pCi / L (the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency “action level”). Comparative studies between indoor radon and total-gamma aeroradioactivity show that aeroradioactivity can be accurately used to estimate community radon hazards. When combined, geology and aeroradioactivity can be used to identify problem homes.
Theory of photoelectron thermalization and transport in the ionosphere

A new theoretical approach for calculating the equilibrium photoelectron flux energy and pitch angle distribution in the ionosphere is presented. Photoelectron transport, secondary electron production, and energy degradation by the excitation of the discrete energy states of the neutral atmospheric constituents and by continuous energy transfer to the ambient thermal electron gas are included in a manner consistent with the Boltzmann equation which constitutes the foundation of the theory. A difference equation, suitable for numerical solution, is given, and a numerical method for the solution of this equation is discussed in detail.
Investment in Body Image and Psychosocial Well-Being Among Women Treated for Early Stage Breast Cancer: Partial Replication and Extension

We examined relations between two aspects of investment in body image and several indicators of well-being in 237 women (62 Hispanic, 25 African-American) with Stage 0, I, and II breast cancer. Women were assessed at 3, 6, or 12 months postsurgery. Predictor variables were Concern About Appearance and Concern About Body Integrity. In contrast to previous research, Concern About Appearance did not relate to elevated distress. However, Concern About Body Integrity related to elevated distress, social disruption, several indices of psychosexual disruption, and reports of having concerns about potential further adverse outcomes from treatment. The effects that were obtained generalized to the 3 ethnicities studied, and some of the associations were significantly stronger among Hispanics than other participants. Future research should consider how personal investment in body image relates to other vulnerabilities for disruption in response to treatment for breast cancer.
Jesse Whitman, Seafarer

Fills in biographical background on Whitman’s older brother Jesse, with new information on the possible causes of his violent temper and with new evidence that Jesse was on the crew of two ships in 1839 and 1841.
Barium enema in suspected necrotising enterocolitis: is it ever indicated?

Three infants with suspected, and subsequently proven, necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) had contrast medium enemas early in the course of their disease to assist diagnosis. There were no adverse effects from the enemas. All patients had evidence of persistent spasm of segments of the colon and contour spiculation, probably representing superficial mucosal ulceration. It is suggested that when early or mild forms of NEC present diagnostic problems, a carefully performed contrast enema may be of diagnostic value. Absence of deep transmucosal necrosis in such cases definitely decreases the risk of perforation during the examination.
GAKIN, a Novel Kinesin-like Protein Associates with the Human Homologue of the Drosophila Discs Large Tumor Suppressor in T Lymphocytes

Reorganization of the cortical cytoskeleton is a hallmark of T lymphocyte activation. Upon binding to antigen presenting cells, the T cells rapidly undergo cytoskeletal re-organization thus forming a cap at the cell-cell contact site leading to receptor clustering, protein segregation, and cellular polarization. Previously, we reported cloning of the human lymphocyte homologue of theDrosophila Discs Large tumor suppressor protein (hDlg). Here we show that a novel protein termed GAKIN binds to the guanylate kinase-like domain of hDlg. Affinity protein purification, peptide sequencing, and cloning of GAKIN cDNA from Jurkat J77 lymphocytes identified GAKIN as a novel member of the kinesin superfamily of motor proteins. GAKIN mRNA is ubiquitously expressed, and the predicted amino acid sequence shares significant sequence similarity with theDrosophila kinesin-73 motor protein. GAKIN sequence contains a motor domain at the NH2 terminus, a central stalk domain, and a putative microtubule-interacting sequence called the CAP-Gly domain at the COOH terminus. Among the MAGUK superfamily of proteins examined, GAKIN binds to the guanylate kinase-like domain of PSD-95 but not of p55. The hDlg and GAKIN are localized mainly in the cytoplasm of resting T lymphocytes, however, upon CD2 receptor cross-linking the hDlg can translocate to the lymphocyte cap. We propose that the GAKIN-hDlg interaction lays the foundation for a general paradigm of coupling MAGUKs to the microtubule-based cytoskeleton, and that this interaction may be functionally important for the intracellular trafficking of MAGUKs and associated protein complexes in vivo.
Estimating new production from the quantum yield of nitrate uptake

Under most conditions nitrate uptake is light-dependent and may be characterized using the same uptake-irradiance response parameters as carbon. This suggests that the quantum yield of nitrate may be determined, which in turn allows for the determination of new production using existing quantum-based models of primary production. Balanced growth conditions are rare in upwelling phytoplankton assemblages, which makes it difficult to gauge new production from primary production. During the spring of 1995, a multi-investigator initiative was carried out to assess the role of biology in the air-sea exchange of carbon dioxide in coastal Central California. During the upwelling season this region is highly variable in space and time and provides the opportunity to study phytoplankton exhibiting a variety of physiological states and occurring in a variety of environmental milieus. Measured bio-optical parameters demonstrated no correlation to the corresponding environmental characteristics, and comparison of the calculated quantum yields demonstrated that phytoplankton carbon and nitrogen metabolic processes were not in a balanced state, as would be expected. Determination of new production rates using a simple bio-optical model was in good agreement with traditional estimates of new production using 15N incubations.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Abstinence and relapse rates following a college campus-based quit & Win contest

Abstract Objective: To conduct and evaluate Quit & Win contests at 2 2-year college and 2 4-year university campuses. Participants: During Spring semester, 2006, undergraduates (N = 588) interested in quitting smoking signed up for a Quit & Win 30-day cessation contest for a chance to win a lottery prize. Methods: Participants (N = 588) completed a baseline survey, provided a urine sample to verify smoking status before joining the contest, and completed a follow-up survey at contest end to assess abstinence. Participants reporting continuous 30-day abstinence were surveyed again 2 weeks post contest to assess relapse. Results: Participants smoked an average of 9.8 ± 6.7 cigarettes/day on 26.7 ± 5.7 days/month. Among participants completing a follow-up survey (74%), 72.1% reported abstinence during the entire contest period (Intent-to-Treat Analysis = 53.2%). 55.3% of those abstinent at the end of contest had resumed smoking 2 weeks post contest. Conclusions: Campus Quit & Win contests appear feasible, ac...
Use of urine cotinine to validate smoking self-reports in U.S. Navy recruits

Cotinine analysis of urine has been used by many researchers to determine validity of smoking self-reports. This technique is easy and inexpensive, but has not been used previously in military smoking studies. This study incorporated a random validation of self-reported smoking by U.S. Navy recruits participating in a smoking relapse program (N = 496). Results of cotinine analysis indicate only a 1% misrepresentation of actual smoking status. These results suggest smoking self-reports from U.S. Navy recruits are very good indicators of actual smoking status.
Alkyl for hydride exchange between alane-trimethylamine and group IVB metal alkryls

Abstract Reaction of equimolar amounts of AlH 3 ·NMe 3 and M(CH 2 SiMe 3 ) 4 , in benzene (for M=Zr, Hf) led to exchange of all three AlH bonds for AlCH 2 SiMe 3 bonds and isolation of Al(CH 2 SiMe 3 ) 3 ·NMe 3 The latter compound crystallized in the P 1 space group, a =9.535(2), b =10.913(2), c =12.273(2) A, α=88.03(1), β=86.03(1), γ=86.93(1)° U =1271.6(4) A, D c =002 g cm t-3 , Z =2, μ(Mo K α)=0.217 mm t-1 , F (000)=424. Similar reactions between AlH 3 ·NMe 3 and Cp 2 ZrR 2 (R=CH 3 , CH 2 SiMe 3 ) yielded Cp 2 ZrH 2 and AlR 3 ·NMe 3 . Reaction of AlH 3 ·NMe 3 with Zr(CH 2 Ph) 4 produced Al(CH 2 Ph) 3 ·NMe 3 .
Cycloconverter Control of the Doubly Fed Induction Motor

A new variable speed commutatorless electric drive system has been developed which has a speed-torque characteristic similar to that of a dc series motor. Efficient use of active material was attained by series connecting rotor and stator windings of the rotating machine and by achieving control over the torque angle relationship between rotor and stator MMF waves. Stabilized operation results from sensing shaft position (at any speed) by use of magnetodiodes and, through semiconductor logic, gating the thyristors of a 400-Hz three-phase half-wave cycloconverter in such a fashion as to maintain an essentially constant MMF torque angle. Energy return to the power system during the generating portion of each half-cycle was attained using magnetodiode current sensing and semiconductor logic. Experimental results obtained with a 5-hp machine correlate with analytical predictions.
Reactant Adsorption and Its Impact upon MTBE Synthesis on Zeolites

Abstract Zeolites show interesting properties as catalysts for MTBE synthesis from methanol and isobutene such as a high selectivity to MTBE even at a low methanol/isobutene feed ratio. In order to explain this high selectivity, the adsorption behaviors of HY and HZSM-5 zeolites and their impact on activity and selectivity for MTBE synthesis were studied. Adsorption experiments, carried out under conditions similar to those used for reaction, showed that ca. 2.5 molecules of methanol were adsorbed per acid site on HZSM-5 and HY zeolites, whereas isobutene was found to form a 1:1 adsorption complex. The excess methanol adsorbed was found to be only weakly bonded, probably via hydrogen bonds. On a commercially used resin catalyst (Amberlyst-15) equal amounts of methanol and isobutene were adsorbed. The higher methanol uptake of the zeolites was paralleled by a higher selectivity to MTBE as compared to the resin catalyst. The increased adsorption of methanol on the zeolites was concluded to play a key role in suppressing the formation of by-products due to isobutene dimerization or oligomerization by decreasing the adsorption of isobutene on the active sites and thereby keeping these sites available for reaction.
Psychosocial factors associated with levels of metabolic control in youth with type 1 diabetes.

Abstract This study sought to determine the relationship between Youth Self Report (YSR) scores for behavior problems, YSR scores for social competence, and metabolic control in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. Using a cross sectional design, 234 individuals between 11 and 18 years old were given the YSR at regular clinic appointments; glycosolated hemoglobin (GHb) was also measured. More than 50% of subjects showed GHb levels above 9%; the normal GHb level is 4.2% to 5.8%. Individuals reporting a greater number of behavior problems, though not in the pathological range on the aggression, delinquent behaviors, and attention problems subscales of the YSR, were more than twice as likely to have GHb levels above 9%. Using logistic regression the externalizing scale (aggression and delinquent behaviors combined) predicted elevated GHb at 2.41, p =.003. Youth in this study were middle-class and were receiving subspecialty care. Yet, over half of them had GHb levels above the recommended 9%. The psychological health of youth should be monitored at regular intervals. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether aggression, delinquent behaviors, and attention problems in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes result later in depression and elevated levels of GHb in these same individuals or whether these elevations are transient. Interviews could be supplemented with instruments such as the YSR and care given for those with a higher number of self-reported problems. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Negative Weights in Quantum Monte Carlo Simulations at Finite-Temperatures Using the Auxiliary Field Method

We study the conditions under which negative weights (the sign problem) can exist in the finite-temperature, auxiliary field, quantum Monte Carlo algorithm of Blankenbecler, Scalapino, and Sugar. We specifically consider whether the sign problem arises from round-off error resulting from operations involving very ill-conditioned matrices or from topological defects in the auxiliary fields mirroring the space-time patterns of the physical fields. While we demonstrate these situations can generate negative weights, the results of our numerical tests suggest that these factors are most likely not the dominant sources of the problem. We also argue that the negative weights should not be considered as just a fermion problem. If it exists for the fermion problem, it will also exist for an analogous boson problem.
Observation of enhancement of stopping power and possible hydrodynamic shock behavior in penetration of large molecules in solids.

Measurements of the stopping power of large multiply charged ions were made by determining energy losses in thin aluminum films directly coated on solid-state detectors. With initial projectile velocities in the range of (1\char21{}5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{7}$ cm/sec, the stopping power per amu of albumin (molecular weight M\ensuremath{\sim}66290) and cytochrome c (M\ensuremath{\sim}12400) increases quadratically in velocity to a maximum value of seven times that estimated for isolated atomic nitrogen moving with the same velocity. The observed velocity dependence of the stopping power is in qualitative agreement with the one derived from a one-dimensional shock model. Pressures estimated from the measured stopping power using the model are hundreds of megabars. The results show evidence of the collective interaction that results possibly from ``hydrodynamic'' shock behavior in plasmas formed by the coherent collision of high-velocity biopolymer atoms with target atoms.
MESMER: minimal ensemble solutions to multiple experimental restraints

Motivation: Macromolecular structures and interactions are intrinsically heterogeneous, temporally adopting a range of configurations that can confound the analysis of data from bulk experiments. To obtain quantitative insights into heterogeneous systems, an ensemble-based approach can be employed, in which predicted data computed from a collection of models is compared to the observed experimental results. By simultaneously fitting orthogonal structural data (e.g. small-angle X-ray scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance residual dipolar couplings, dipolar electron-electron resonance spectra), the range and population of accessible macromolecule structures can be probed. Results: We have developed MESMER, software that enables the user to identify ensembles that can recapitulate experimental data by refining thousands of component collections selected from an input pool of potential structures. The MESMER suite includes a powerful graphical user interface (GUI) to streamline usage of the command-line tools, calculate data from structure libraries and perform analyses of conformational and structural heterogeneity. To allow for incorporation of other data types, modular Python plugins enable users to compute and fit data from nearly any type of quantitative experimental data. Results: Conformational heterogeneity in three macromolecular systems was analyzed with MESMER, demonstrating the utility of the streamlined, user-friendly software. Availability and implementation: https://code.google.com/p/mesmer/ Contact: ude.uso@182.retsof or ude.uso@2.smhi Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Magnetic field heating study of Fe-doped Au nanoparticles

Abstract Fe-doped Au nanoparticles are ideal for biological applications over magnetic oxides due to their conjugation chemistry, optical properties, and surface chemistry. We present an AC magnetic field heating study of 8 nm Fe-doped Au nanoparticles which exhibit magnetic behavior. Magnetic heating experiments were performed on stable aqueous solutions of the nanoparticles at room temperature. The nanoparticles exhibit magnetic field heating, with a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1.84 W/g at 40 MHz and H=100 A/m. The frequency dependence of the heating follows general trends predicted by power loss equations and is similar to traditional materials.
Blockholder monitoring and the efficiency of pay-performance benchmarking

Abstract In this article I examine how the performance sensitivity of CEO compensation is related to the level and turnover of outside block ownership. Separating firm performance into firm-specific (Skill) and exogenous (Luck) components, I find that pay sensitivity to Luck increases with blockholder turnover, whereas pay sensitivity to Skill increases with blockholding size. Furthermore, when blockholder turnover is higher, CEO pay increases more with positive Luck but does not decrease as much with negative Luck; also, excess CEO compensation is larger. Thus, the rent accruing to CEOs via asymmetric pay sensitivity to Luck is partly explained by short investment horizons of large shareholders.
The effect of gramicidin on the Na+-dependent accumulation of glycine by pigeon red blood cells

Abstract Gramicidin virtually abolishes glycine accumulation by intact pigeon red cells. This effect cannot plausibly be attributed to lack of nucleoside polyphosphate, to gramicidin-induced leakiness of cells to glycine, or to direct inhibition of the Na + -dependent glycine transport mechanism. This effect of gramicidin implies that virtually all of the energy for glycine accumulation in this system comes from cation gradient(s).
Applicants' Understanding of Wisconsin's TANF Program and Its Relationship to Other Programs for Low Income Families

Abstract This paper uses data from the Milwaukee TANF Applicant Study to examine what a sample of 1,075 TANF applicants from Milwaukee County knew about Wisconsin's TANF program and its relationship to other programs for low-income families. The data suggest that there were significant gaps in knowledge about the program both at the time of application and approximately 18 months later. Although there was a positive relationship between knowledge about the program and participation, even those who participated in the program were frequently confused. This confusion could also account for some of the discrepancies we found when we compared applicant self-reports to State administrative data.
Exposure of cartilage to a fibronectin fragment amplifies catabolic processes while also enhancing anabolic processes to limit damage

The addition of fibronectin fragments to cultured cartilage causes an initial suppression of proteoglycan synthesis, induction of matrix metalloproteinases, and resultant decrease in proteoglycan content by about 50% during the first few days in culture. Because the proteoglycan loss appears to be limited, we investigated whether the fibronectin fragments induce anabolic responses that might counter the damage. The effects of various lengths of exposure of cultured cartilage to the fibronectin fragment on proteoglycan content, proteoglycan synthesis rates, stromelysin-1 release, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1alpha, and interleukin-6 release were investigated. The results showed that about 7 days of exposure of cultured cartilage to the fibronectin fragment was required for maximal cytokine release, proteoglycan depletion, and stromelysin-1 release. However, nearly maximal suppression of proteoglycan synthesis occurred within 1 day of the addition of the fibronectin fragment and, after its removal, the rates increased to supernormal levels. Decreasing exposure to 3 days caused only a small decrease in cartilage proteoglycan content, although stromelysin-1 release still occurred. Decreasing exposure to 1 day caused an immediate increase in proteoglycan synthesis and an increase to supernormal proteoglycan contents. The effect of first treating cartilage with the fibronectin fragment for various periods and then allowing a recovery was to make the cartilage more resistant to secondary exposures. This study shows that cartilage damage can be caused by short exposures to the fibronectin fragment and that exposures either optimal or suboptimal for damage additionally amplify anabolic processes to make the cartilage resistant to further damage and, thus, condition it against pending amplification of damage.
Nonlinear structural identification using extended kalman filter

Abstract The performance of a weighted global iteration for the extended Kaiman filter was evaluated in this study. The problem is to identify the parameters of a hysteretic SDOF system defined by a Bouc-Wen model using a simulated earthquake input-response pair. When no noise was introduced, in most cases studied the weighted global iteration procedure converged to give reasonable estimates provided the ground shaking intensity was high enough to trigger significant yielding. For the few cases that diverged, a slight change in initial estimates, in weight, or in the noise covariance also resulted in meaningful identification. The presence of non-white noise in the observations did not appear to constitute a problem. But identification deteriorated as the noise-to-signal ratio increased. It was also found that the proper selection of observation variables was important. Overall, the extended Kaiman filter with weighted global iteration appears to be a stable tool for this class of nonlinear structural identification.
Stokes flow singularity at the junction between impermeable and porous walls

For two-dimensional, creeping flow in a half-plane, we consider the singularity that arises at an abrupt transition in permeability from zero to a finite value along the wall, where the pressure is coupled to the seepage flux by Darcy’s law. This problem represents the junction between the impermeable wall of the inflow section and the porous membrane further downstream in a spiral-wound desalination module. On a macroscopic, outer length scale the singularity appears like a jump discontinuity in normal velocity, characterized by a non-integrable divergence of the pressure. This far-field solution is imposed as the boundary condition along a semicircular arc of dimensionless radius 30 (referred to the microscopic, inner length scale). A preliminary numerical solution (using a least-squares variant of the method of fundamental solutions) indicates a continuous normal velocity along the wall coupled with a weaker singularity in the pressure. However, inconsistencies in the numerically imposed outer boundary condition indicate a very slow radial decay. We undertake asymptotic analysis to: (i) understand the radial decay behaviour; and (ii) find a more accurate far-field solution to impose as the outer boundary condition. Similarity solutions (involving a stream function that varies like some power of ) are insufficient to satisfy all boundary conditions along the wall, so we generalize these by introducing linear and quadratic terms in . By iterating on the wall boundary conditions (analogous to the method of reflections), the outer asymptotic series is developed through second order. We then use a hybrid computational scheme in which the numerics are iteratively patched to the outer asymptotics, thereby determining two free coefficients in the latter. We also derive an inner asymptotic series and fit its free coefficient to the numerics at . This enables evaluation of the singular flow field in the limit as . Finally, a uniformly valid fit is obtained with analytical formulas. The singular flow field for a solid–porous abutment and the general Stokes flow solutions obtained in the asymptotic analysis are programmed in Fortran for future use as local basis functions in computational schemes. Numerics are required for the intermediate- regime because the inner and outer asymptotic expansions do not extend far enough toward each other to enable rigorous asymptotic matching. The logarithmic correction terms explain why the leading far-field solution (used in the preliminary numerics) was insufficient even at very large distances.
Unsteady reacting boundary layer on a vaporizing flat plate

Chemical reacting unsteady boundary layer analysis on vaporizing flat plate including compressibility, flame boundary and stagnation point behavior
Commutators and Related Operators on Harmonic Bergman Space of Rn+1+☆

Abstract We study commutators and related operators on harmonic Bergman space—the L 2 ( R n +1 + ) closure of the null space of Laplacian. By decomposing L 2 ( R n +1 + ) into the sum of null spaces of powers of Laplacian, and using the theory of paracommutators studied in [JP], we characterize harmonic symbols for which the associated commutators are bounded or compact. Operators associated to the Div–Curl theorem (in [CLMS]) in the theory of compensated compactness are also characterized.
THE INFLUENCE OF NITRATE AND NITRITE REDUCTION ON CATABOLITE REPRESSION IN ESCHERICHIA COLI.

Abstract Under aerobic conditions varying degrees of catabolite repression of β-galactosidase (β- d -galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.23) formation are observed when cultures of Escherichia coli ML 30 are grown with a variety of carbon and energy sources. Mannitol, glucose and gluconate prove to be the most effective sources for catabolite repression under the conditions employed. The repression obtained with these substrates under aerobic conditions is partially or completely eliminated if the cultures are subjected to an anaerobic environment. It has been found, however, that this anaerobically induced reversal of catabolite repression can be completely eliminated if reductions of nitrate or nitrite are coupled to the anaerobic metabolism of the repressor substrates. That is, during the period of nitrate or nitrite reduction, the rate of enzyme formation under anaerobic conditions is essentially indistinguishable from the rate of enzyme formation observed under aerobic conditions. These results have suggested that the repression mechanism is closely associated with metabolic oxidation-reduction systems.
Revisiting the Relationship Between Secret Ballots and Turnout A New Test of Two Legal-institutional Theories

Two theories within the legal-institutional framework concerning the Australian ballot system's effect on voter turnout are analyzed. The vote market hypothesis assumes secret ballots were designed to end the buying and selling of votes. The secrecy the new ballot provided discouraged candidates from buying votes they could no longer verify, disproportionately affecting poor voters who would respond to this loss of payments by voluntarily abstaining. Alternatively, the theory of strategic disfranchisement predicts Blacks and illiterates were specifically targeted for disfranchisement. The new ballots were expected to be more difficult for these voters to use and they would then be effectively prevented from participating in the active electorate. Although turnout decreases under either theory, the normative implications are very different. Controlling for race and illiteracy, regression analysis suggests poor voters were less likely to vote a secret ballot. A similar effect is not found for Black and illi...
Experimental identification of tilted bending formation of graphene monolayer with gap-plasmon

Here, we study the out-of-plane phonon modes located at 300–700 cm−1 region in addition to the strong radial breathing-like mode (RBLM) at 150 cm−1 by employing an Au nanoparticle (NP)–graphene–Au thin film (TF) junction system. Three subsequent peaks from the lower-frequency, called transverse acoustic mode series (TA1, TA2, TA3), can be efficiently utilized as an indicator of subtly tilted out-of-plane phonon movement of graphene monolayer (GM) along with the z-axis. Peak position differences between TAs are carefully analyzed with regard to the degree of electron-phonon coupling (EPC) between Au nanostructure and GM by comparing the corresponding line width and peak position of RBLM signals. We find that the strong EPC additionally occurs between TA1 and TA3 peaks, which indicates that subtly tilted phonon is present along with the z-axis.
Crystallographic and morphological relationships between β phase and the Widmanstätten and allotriomorphic α phase at special β grain boundaries in an α/β titanium alloy

Abstract In the present study, the relationship between the crystallographic orientations and growth directions of grain boundary-allotriomorphic-α (GB α) and secondary Widmanstatten α laths growing from the GB α at grain boundaries separating β grains with specific misorientations has been examined. These relationships have been determined using a variety of characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, orientation imaging microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a dual-beam focused ion beam instrument to provide site-selected TEM foils. Two very interesting cases, one in which the two adjacent β grains are rotated mutually by approximately 10.5° about a common 〈1 1 0〉 direction and the other in which the two β grains are in a twin relationship, i.e. a 60° rotation about a common 〈1 1 1〉 direction, have been studied. It was discovered that the α laths growing into two adjacent β grains from the common grain boundary may have the same orientation in both grains, while they may have either large (∼88.8°) or small (28.8°) angular differences in growth directions in the two adjacent β grains, depending on the relative misorientation of the β grains. The growth directions of the α laths growing from such boundaries are explained on the basis of the Burgers orientation relationship between the Widmanstatten α and the β phases and the interfacial structure proposed previously by various workers.
Optimal control design using Sequential Linear Programming

The focus of this paper is on the development of an iterative Linear Programming based approach for the determination of optimal controllers for nonlinear systems. The optimal control problem is posed in a Mayer form and a one-dimensional search technique such as the bisection algorithm is used on the cost function to converge to the optimal solution. A polynomial representation for the variation of the control profile is used to arrive at discrete time approximation of the perturbation dynamics about nominal trajectories. A linear program is then used to determine perturbations to the nominal control to satisfy terminal and transient constraints. The proposed technique is illustrated on some benchmark problems.
Using high-range resolution (HRR) radar data for reconstructing a rigid moving target’s scattering centers

Spatial reconstruction of a rigid, moving target's scattering centers using one dimensional, high range resolution (HRR) radar remains of high interest to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing of moving targets. Innovative range and Doppler equations for a rotating target with constant angular velocity were developed by Fazio, Hong, and Wood and presented at the April 2002 SPIE AeroSense Conference in Orlando, Florida. Further research has produced a method of reconstructing a three-dimensional scattering center model of a moving target with variable angular velocity. The reconstruction algorithm uses the relative ranges from a minimum of five observations of three scattering centers. In-plane rotational motion provides necessary information for positioning the projection of the scattering centers onto the observation (reconstruction) plane; while out-of-rotational-plane target motion is necessary to locate the center above or below the reconstruction plane.© (2004) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Balladurette and Juppette: A Discrete Analysis of Scrapping Subsidies

This paper studies the effects of subsidies on durable goods markets. In particular, we study a recent policy in France in which the governments of Balladur and Jupp‚ subsidized the replacement of old cars with new ones. To study this policy, we construct a dynamic stochastic discrete choice model of car ownership at the household level. The resulting decision rules and equilibrium conditions are used to estimate, using aggregate data, the underlying parameters of the model. These policy functions are used to evaluate the short and long run effects of the French policies. We find that these policies do stimulate the automobile sector in the short run but, through the induced changes in the cross sectional distribution of car ages, create the basis for subsequent low activity. Further, while these policies increase government revenues in the short run, revenues in the long run are lower relative to a baseline without intervention.
Slowing and cooling molecules and neutral atoms by time-varying electric-field gradients

A method of slowing, accelerating, cooling, and bunching molecules and neutral atoms using time-varying electric-field gradients is demonstrated with cesium atoms in a fountain. The effects are measured and found to be in agreement with our calculations. Time-varying electric-field-gradient slowing and cooling is applicable to atoms that have large dipole polarizabilities, including atoms that are not amenable to laser slowing and cooling, to Rydberg atoms, and to molecules, especially polar molecules with large electric dipole moments. The possible applications of this method include slowing and cooling thermal beams of atoms and molecules, launching cold atoms from a trap into a fountain, and measuring atomic dipole polarizabilities.
The creeping motion of a spherical particle normal to a deformable interface

Numerical results are presented for the approach of a rigid sphere normal to a deformable fluid-fluid interface in the velocity range for which inertial effects may be neglected. Both the case of a sphere moving with constant velocity, and that of a sphere moving under the action of a constant non-hydrodynamic body force are considered for several values of the viscosity ratio, density difference and interfacial tension between the two fluids. Two distinct modes of interface deformation are demonstrated: a film drainage mode in which fluid drains away in front of the sphere leaving an ever-thinning film, and a tailing mode where the sphere passes several radii beyond the plane of the initially undeformed interface, while remaining encapsulated by the original surrounding fluid which is connected with its main body by a thin thread-like tail behind the sphere. We consider the influence of the viscosity ratio, density difference, interfacial tension and starting position of the sphere in deter-mining which of these two modes of deformation will occur.
NF/sup 2/ relations and complex objects for model management systems

An SQL-based system is described that supports complex objects, nonnormalized (NF/sup 2/) relations, arrays, matrices, ordered lists, and versions. Both object-oriented and data views of a relational database are supported. The system supports the integration of OR/MS (operations research and management science) modeling with corporate databases. It is part of the ASUMMS model management system. The data subsystem includes a fully-fledged commercial database system. Integration and compatibility allow pure database applications (e.g. invoices and customer payments) running on 1NF databases to be processed concurrently with quantitative modeling tasks on the same data. The NF/sup 2/ and complex object extensions provide for a common data model for data and models, and the implementation architecture supports both 1NF and NF/sup 2/ database management systems. >
Effect of acellular pertussis vaccine on the development of allergic sensitization to environmental allergens in adults.

Abstract Background: Exposure of children to pertussis antigens caused by infection or vaccination with whole-cell pertussis vaccine may increase the serum IgE level and predispose to sensitization to the prevalent environmental allergens. Acellular pertussis vaccine (APV) that may be given to adults may have a similar effect. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether APV will cause an increase in environmental sensitization measured by an increase of serum-specific IgE to the allergens to which adults are exposed during the vaccination period. Methods: One hundred adult hospital employees were randomized to receive either a 2-component APV composed of pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin or a meningococcal vaccine as a control. Serum-specific IgE level to 2 indoor allergens, cat and dust mite, and 2 outdoor allergens prevalent during the immunization season, Alternaria species and ragweed, was measured by an RIA on sera collected before and 1 month after vaccination. Results: The group that received the APV had no significant change in their serum-specific IgE levels to cat, dust, Alternaria species, or ragweed 1 month after vaccination. Conclusion: A 2-component APV did not predispose to an increase of allergen-specific IgE in an adult population. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:170-5.)
Overlapping Ethnicities and Negotiated Space: Atlanta’s Buford Highway

The unique intermingling of numerous businesses reflecting varied ethnic affiliations along Buford Highway in Metro Atlanta offers a case study combining cultural, social, and urban geography. Studies of ethnic retail concentrations generally focus on one particular group; the Buford Corridor offers a strikingly linear picture of convolving interwoven multiethnic retail and residential spaces. This research examines the built environment for evidence of population succession and entrepreneurial cultural adaptation strategies in which different groups are over- and underrepresented in relation to their regional presence. Explanatory factors proposed include the types of immigrants, timing of arrival in Atlanta, and host society absorptive capacity as epitomized by key individuals and organizations. The predominance of ethnic Chinese from a variety of countries is noted, as well as a secondary migration flow leaving California for better job opportunities elsewhere. An ethnic bipolar labor market enhances assimilation and interweaving of different skill and resource levels in the same ethnic establishments and shopping areas.