cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparison of pharmacokinetic models of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI

Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) is often employed as an indicator of drug activity in clinical trials of angiogenic inhibitors. The data obtained with DCE-MRI is reported semi quantitatively using parameters derived from pharmacokinetic models. Most MRI kinetic models were developed from nuclear medicine quantitative studies but the limitations of MRI dictated specific modifications. A number of these MRI models are in current use. In this work, we review several pharmacokinetic models used in DCE-MRI in order to determine the most appropriate model to assess tumor angiogenesis. These models are compared with respect to their physiological appropriateness; compartmental analysis; initial and boundary conditions; and clinically relevant output parameters.
L-CAMP: Extremely Local High-Performance Wavelet Representations in High Spatial Dimension

A new wavelet-based methodology for representing data on regular grids is introduced and studied. The main attraction of this new "local compression-alignment-modified- prediction (L-CAMP)" methodology is in the way it scales with the spatial dimension, making it, thus, highly suitable for the representation of high dimensional data. The specific highlights of the L-CAMP methodology are three. First, it is computed and inverted by fast algorithms with linear complexity and very small constants; moreover, the constants in the complexity bound decay, rather than grow, with the spatial dimension. Second, the representation is accompanied by solid mathematical theory that reveals its performance in terms of the maximal level of smoothness that is accurately encoded by the representation. Third, the localness of the representation, measured as the sum of the volumes of the supports of the underlying mother wavelets, is extreme. An illustration of this last property is done by comparing the L-CAMP system that is marked in this paper as V with the widely used tensor-product biorthogonal 9/7. Both are essentially equivalent in terms of performance. However, the L-CAMP V has in 10D localness score 575 000 000 000.
The Lateral Dorsal Cutaneous Branch of the Sural Nerve Clinical Importance of the Surgical Approach to Proximal Fifth Metatarsal Fracture Fixation

Background:Fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal are one of the most common forefoot injuries encountered by orthopaedic surgeons in sports medicine. The percutaneous surgical approach to Jones fracture fixation and corresponding anatomy has received little attention in the literature to date.Purpose:To describe in detail the location of the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve (LDCN) and its branches relative to the base of the fifth metatarsal and to the standard lateral approach.Study Design:Descriptive laboratory study.Methods:Ten fresh-frozen cadaveric foot specimens were used for this study. Specimens were dissected at the lateral aspect of the foot over the proximal fifth metatarsal, and the LDCN and its branches were identified. The distance of the LDCN to the superior border of the peroneus brevis tendon (PBT) was measured relative to standard reference points in all specimens, and the presence of an anastomotic branch was noted. A set of vertical and horizontal reference lines were also construct...
Responses of Blood Pressure and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Activity to Acute Captopril Administration in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats*

The purpose of these experiments was to determine the dose of captopril which resulted in essentially complete blockade of tissue and plasma converting enzyme activity (CEA) and to correlate the effect of this dose of inhibitor on blood pressure and CEA in a number of normotensive and hypertensive rat models. Oral administration of captopril (0.3–10 mg/kg) induced a dose-related attenuation of CEA in plasma freshly drawn from normotensive conscious rats. After storage at —20 or 4 C before assay, both captopril-treated and untreated plasmas displayed markedly greater CEA. The converting enzyme inhibitor induced a parallel shift to the right of angiotensin Iinduced blood pressure responses, reaching a 100-fold displacement of dose-dependent responses in the presence of 10 mg/kg captopril. Sixty minutes after oral administration of 10 mg/kg captopril, plasma CEA was blocked completely in all normo- and hypertensive models studied. This dose of the inhibitor reduced blood pressure in the sodium-deplete normot...
Public Protest and Popular Style: Resistance from the Right in Northern Ireland and South Boston

Popular political demonstrations often feature the use of theatrical and symbolic actions and artifacts. These are drawn from a repertoire that resembles and overlaps with festive public events. In this article I examine parades, murals, and other popular forms of public protest in Northern Ireland, where I have been conducting field research since 1991. I compare these to demonstrations of resistance in South Boston to school busing and the inclusion of gay and lesbian people in the St. Patrick's Day parade. Regardless of the political allegiances or intentions of the protesters, they tend to draw upon the same repertoire of images and actions for public display. This results in a genuinely popular style of protest. In the cases of political resistance from the Right, the use of popular styles of protest distinguishes the protesters along class lines from those whose rule they are supporting, [politicalprotest, Northern Ireland, street theater, resistance, public display events]
Correlation of solubility of hydrogen in hydrocarbon solvents

A correlation is developed for the solubility of hydrogen in hydrocarbon solvents at temperatures from 310 to 700 K and pressures to 30 MPa (300 bar). The fugacity of dissolved hydrogen at zero pressure is correlated as a function of solubility parameter and temperature. The high-pressure fugacity is obtained upon applying a Poynting factor for which the required partial molal volume of hydrogen is also correlated in terms of solubility parameter and temperature. The Henry constant of hydrogen is included in the correlation. The correlated results are compared with experimental data for 22 systems of binary and ternary solutions and five narrow-boiling cuts of coal liquids. The overall average absolute deviation for all systems studied is approximately 6%.
How to build the Green's function for the elementary excitations in a film once we know those for a single interface

Abstract In this work we use a diagrammatic procedure to construct a Green's function for the elementary excitations in a film, starting with those of a semi-infinite medium. We end up with a very simple method which can be applied to different types of excitations. In this way, the method allows us to simplify the calculation and to point out the similarity between different excitations.
Efferent limb obstruction after pancreaticojejunostomy. A late cause of pancreatitis following Whipple resection.

• A previously unreported late complication after Whipple resection of the head of the pancreas was recognized in two patients. Obstruction by adhesions and kinking of the efferent jejunal conduit between the proximal pancreaticojejunostomy and the distal choledochojejunostomy led to repetitive episodes of acute pancreatitis without jaundice. Operative recognition and correction of the obstruction resulted in prevention of further attacks. (Arch Surg. 1991;126:1157-1159)
Note-Simple Inequalities for Multiserver Queues

Simple inequalities are obtained for some operating characteristics of multiserver queueing models. "Loss system" and "delay system" results are presented.
Temperature gradients and evaluation of thermoelastic properties in the synchrotron-based laser-heated diamond cell

Abstract Reliable determinations of thermoelastic properties inside the laser-heated diamond cell depend critically on accurate measurement of temperature, temperature gradients, and the relationship between the hotspot and the X-ray beam. Here we examine these issues and their relative importance in interpreting data from synchrotron-based studies of materials at high pressures and temperatures. When combining laser heating and X-ray diffraction, temperature gradients must be measured and compared with the size of the X-ray beam in synchrotron-based laser-heated diamond anvil cell experiments in order to avoid systematically overestimating the actual average temperature of the X-rayed volume. For a laser-heated sample with a hotspot that drops to 75% of its value at the edge of the X-ray beam, the temperature measured at the hotspot center overestimates the actual average temperature by 17%, leading to up to a 20% underestimate of thermal expansion. As temperature gradients become steeper with increasing pressure, the temperature measured at the hotspot center increasingly overestimates the average temperature of the X-rayed volume, which further distorts measurements of higher order thermoelastic parameters. This can help to explain a wide variety of anomalous experimental results, including low thermal expansion values, and a higher than expected decrease of thermal expansion with increasing pressure without necessarily calling upon constant volume conditions in the cell. To help address these issues, we present four semi-independent methods to calculate temperature gradients inside the laser-heated diamond cell by taking advantage of the Planck’s law relationships between spectral intensity, integrated intensity, and temperature. Together, these methods yield a precise determination of the radial temperature gradient and provide an internal consistency check on the accuracy of the absolute temperature measurement. We show how these methods can be used to recover precise measurements of temperature gradients even in the presence of optical chromatic aberrations.
Deadlock avoidance policies for resource allocation systems with applications to FMS

The problem of deadlock avoidance for a class of resource allocation systems (RAS) called the single-unit RAS (SU-RAS) is discussed with particular application to buffer space allocation in a flexible manufacturing system. For a class of SU-RAS, it is shown that the problem of obtaining the maximally permissive deadlock avoidance policy is of polynomial complexity. Sub-optimal policies (which are not maximally permissive) for SU-RAS are also discussed.
Given-New: Enhancing Coherence through Cohesiveness

This article argues that the Given-New research done by linguists on texts can be used effectively in process approaches to teaching composition. Current theories define coherence as an integrative meaning formed cognitively by writers and readers. Cohesion refers to the means of combining surface text elements for retention in the reader's short-term memory. In this study, college students were taught Given-New cohesive principles as guides for invention, arrangement, and revision, and as cues to aid the reader's coherent processing of their intended meaning.
Temporal Passage and Kant's Second Analogy

In this essay I address the question of the reality of temporal passage through a discussion of some of the implications of Kant's reasoning concerning the necessary conditions of objective judgement. Some theorists have claimed that the attribution of non-relational temporal properties to objects and events represents a conceptual confusion, or ‘category mistake’. By means of an examination of Kant's Second Analogy, and a comparison between that argument and Cassam's recent exploration of an argument regarding the necessity of the conceptualisation of ourselves as spatially located, I draw out a consequence of Kant's argument: namely, that the representation of temporal becoming is a necessary condition of objective judgement and an a priori element in the representation of objects of experience. I finish by explaining why this would show that the attribution of temporal becoming to objects and events cannot be described as a category mistake.
Assessing sustainability and improvements in US Midwestern soybean production systems using a PCA–DEA approach

Documentation of on-farm sustainability in agricultural sectors is becoming an essential element to ensure market access. An assessment process was developed to help soybean farmers document practices and verifiable advances in community, environmental and economic sustainability. Technical difficulties in analyzing and summarizing such assessment data include a large number of practices, correlation in variables, and use of discrete measures. By combining non-negative principal components analysis and common-weight data envelopment analysis, we overcame these difficulties to calculate a composite sustainability index for each individual farm and for the farm group as a whole. Applying this method to assessment data from 410 US Midwestern soybean farmers gave average sustainability scores of 0.846 and 0.842 for the soybean-specific and whole-farm assessments, respectively. Scenario analysis examined the impact if the bottom 10% of growers adopted the top ten sustainability drivers identified by the analysis. The average sustainability score only increased by 2%, but the minimum score increased from 0.515 to 0.647 for the soybean-specific assessment, and from 0.624 to 0.685 for the whole-farm assessment, while the lowest 10th percentile increased from 0.635 to 0.819 for the soybean-specific assessment, and from 0.634 to 0.920 for the whole-farm assessment. These results suggest that significant advancements could be made through focused efforts to improve adoption of sustainable practices by soybean farmers at the lower end of the spectrum.
Power-Efficient Wireless Neural Stimulating System Design for Implantable Medical Devices

Neural stimulating implantable medical devices (IMDs) have been widely used to treat neurological diseases or interface with sensory feedback for amputees or patients suffering from severe paralysis. More recent IMDs, such as retinal implants or brain?computer interfaces, demand higher performance to enable sophisticated therapies, while consuming power at higher orders of magnitude to handle more functions on a larger scale at higher rates, which limits the ability to supply the IMDs with primary batteries. Inductive power transmission across the skin is a viable solution to power up an IMD, while it demands high power efficiencies at every power delivery stage for safe and effective stimulation without increasing the surrounding tissue’s temperature. This paper reviews various wireless neural stimulating systems and their power management techniques to maximize IMD power efficiency. We also explore both wireless electrical and optical stimulation mechanisms and their power requirements in implantable neural interface applications.
Some Applications of Fractional Brownian Motion to Linear Systems

Some methods of stochastic calculus for fractional Brownian motion are applied to some problems described by linear stochastic differential equations with fractional Brownian motion. Explicit solutions are given to these equations, some asymptotic moments of the solution are computed and some unknown parameters in these equations are identified by a family of strongly consistent estimators.
Thermodynamics of Grain-Boundary Glass Crystallization

Reasons why the thermodynamics of crystallization of a glass which is segregated to grain boundaries should differ from crystallization of bulk glass of the same composition are examined. The difference arises for two reasons: (a) the surface energy term in the equation for the change in free energy, in going from a glass to a crystalline state, is favourable to retaining the glass, if the dihedral angle formed between the crystal and the glass is less than π/3 (1); (b) when a crystal grows in a glass which is contained within a small crevice in a ceramic material, then the strain energy associated with crystal growth can become large which will reduce the driving force for crystallization (2). The strain energy arises because there is a volume change when glass crystallizes, and because the hydrostatic stress produced by the volume change cannot be released by fluid flow. It can in fact be shown that under most conditions the glass can be crystallized only partially.
Assessing the Environmental Benefits of NextGen Improvements in the National Airspace System

We present a process for estimating emissions reduction in the National Airspace System (NAS) attributed to the proposed system capacity and efficiency improvements known as NextGen. The capability to model NextGen improvements to estimate delay and fuel burn savings on a NAS-wide scale exists separately from the advanced algorithms and data used to assess the emissions due to flight activity. This paper identifies the key challenges in integrating the two capabilities: capturing the delay effects in aviation emissions modeling, and selecting the appropriate aircraft and engine types to reflect the projected future fleet composition. A verification method is identified to ensure proper integration by comparing the fuel burn estimates of the two capabilities. A sample study is performed to demonstrate the outcome of this process.
Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Measurement of Reinforcement Strains in Uniaxially Stressed Bulk Metallic Glass Composites

High-energy synchrotron x-rays were used to measure internal reinforcement strains in bulk metallic glass composites containing tungsten or tantalum particles during in-situ uniaxial tensile loading. Load transfer from the matrix to the stiffer but weaker particles was characterized in both their elastic and plastic regimes and compared to theoretical predictions.
Attempts to isolate wall-defective microbial variants from clinical specimens.

Blood taken from 42 patients with “fever of unknown origin,” including six patients with clinical diagnosis of “abacteremic endocarditis” and 14 patients with microbial endocarditis, was cultured for wall-defective microbial variants. No wall-defective microbial variant was isolated, but classic microbial forms were repeatedly isolated in hypertonic media from three patients with proven endocarditis, while simultaneous cultures in routine media were sterile. No wall-defective microbial variant was isolated from bone specimens obtained from nine patients with chronic osteomyelitis. Routine cultures for wall-defective microbial variants are unwarranted.
Laboratory and field evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. alesti for control of the Orangestriped oakworm.

Laboratory tests showed that Thuricide® HPC and Dipel® at 1.80 billion International Units (BIU)/100 gal and Biotrol XK at 3.74 BIU/100 gal were effective against all 5 larval stages of Anisota senatoria (J. E. Smith). Thuricide HPC was tested against A. senatoria in field trials, with excellent control of 2nd and 3rd instars attained with 1.80 BIU/100 gal.
Inulanolide A as a new dual inhibitor of NFAT1-MDM2 pathway for breast cancer therapy.

// Jiang-Jiang Qin 1, 2, * , Wei Wang 1, 2, * , Sushanta Sarkar 1 , Sukesh Voruganti 1 , Rajesh Agarwal 3, 4 , Ruiwen Zhang 1, 2 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA 2 Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA 4 University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA * These authors contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Ruiwen Zhang, email: ruiwen.zhang@ttuhsc.edu Wei Wang, email: wwei.wang@ttuhsc.edu Keywords: Inulanolide A, NFAT1-MDM2 pathway, p53-independent, breast cancer orthotopic tumor model, metastasis Received: January 27, 2016 Accepted: March 31, 2016 Published: April 20, 2016 ABSTRACT The transcription factor NFAT1 and the oncogene MDM2 have crucial roles in breast cancer development, progression, and metastasis. We have recently discovered that NFAT1 activates MDM2 expression. Here, we identified a small molecule (named Inulanolide A) that dually inhibited both NFAT1 and MDM2 in breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo . Unlike conventional MDM2 inhibitors, Inulanolide A (InuA) exerted its selective anticancer activity in both p53-dependent and -independent manners. InuA decreased cell proliferation and induced G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer cells; it also led to a decrease in MDM2, NFAT1 and proteins associated with cell proliferation, and an increase in apoptotic signal related proteins. In a mouse orthotopic model, JapA suppressed tumor growth and lung metastasis without host toxicity. Thus, InuA is a novel NFAT1 and MDM2 dual targeting agent and may be a clinical candidate for breast cancer therapy. This study also validates the effectiveness of dually targeting NFAT1 and MDM2 in breast cancer.
The Characteristic Value Problem—Generalities

It has been said that the main problem of applied mathematics is to find the characteristic values and vectors of symmetric matrices, or, what is the same thing, the principal axes of ellipsoids. In some cases we only require crude estimates for the characteristic values, in others we require close approximations to a single characteristic value — very often the dominant one — or, may be, to a few, while sometimes we may require all the characteristic values and vectors. The problem becomes very much more difficult if the matrix is not symmetric — in the first place, the characteristic values are no longer necessarily real. We also encounter the so-called “generalized characteristic value problem”, the determination of non-trivial solutions of $$Ax = \lambda Bx.$$
Frozen Protein Arrays

This chapter describes the rationale behind and means of construction of inexpensive, low to moderate throughput protein arrays. The method of construction is based on injection of analytes into a block of frozen optimum cutting temperature (OCT), the gel media used for frozen sections, and sectioned on a cryostat. The "array section" is applied to a nitrocellulose pad. Once on nitrocellulose, the array can be utilized in any fashion desired. The analytes can be any biologic sample including peptides, proteins, antibodies, cells, nucleic acids, or any other material that can tolerate freezing. This platform provides investigators a flexible inexpensive easy-to-fashion platform to create multiplex assays both in the number of samples analyzed and in the types of assays.
A multidimensional data visualization and clustering method: Consensus similarity mapping

Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) produces large amounts of high dimensional data for radiologists to read. Currently, radiologists integrate multiparametric MRI data visually to identify meaningful structures within the data. In this paper, we present a novel visualization and clustering technique called "Consensus Similarity Mapping (CSM)" for integration of multidimensional radiological data. The CSM algorithm computes an ensemble of stable clustering results obtained from multiple runs of the k-means algorithm. The CSM algorithm uses a unique method called cluster stability index (CSI) to identify the stable clustering configurations required to create the k-means ensemble. The CSM algorithm transforms the stable clustering ensemble into a matrix of pairwise similarities, which, uncovers the intrinsic classes within the high dimensional input data. We demonstrate the performance of CSM on well-known synthetic datasets as well as multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data.
Intensity modulated radiation therapy with simultaneous integrated boost based dose escalation on neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for locally advanced distal esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Intensity modulated radiation therapy with simultaneous integrated boost based dose escalation on neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for locally advanced distal esophageal adenocarcinoma
Brokenheartedness and accountability

In this article, I reflect on relationship and movement building across power lines that I have experienced or witnessed in and outside of academia. I argue that the "anesthetic aesthetic" of whiteness, as illuminated by Mab Segrest, compels those like myself who are trained to be white to distance ourselves from the pain and suffering of others (as well as our own) in order to accept and assimilate into the hegemonic normative systems of power. I offer stories from my experience of feminist and queer organizing that demonstrate how this distancing looks and feels, and places of where it might be transformed. Then, I turn to healing justice as a praxis that creates communal spaces for naming, recognizing, and healing from violence, spaces to share our brokenheartedness, and to serve as a way of breaking up the gravitational pulls of white supremacist patriarchy.
AMP Deaminase Activation Contributes to Accelerated Adenine Nucleotide Pool Depletion during Periods of Energy Imbalance in Sickle Cell Erythrocytes.

Mature erythrocytes are unable to synthesize AMP from IMP due to the developmental loss of adenylosuccinate synthetase, which also effectively prevents the synthesis of adenine nucleotides from circulating hypoxanthine, the major salvageable purine compound. Consequently, AMP deaminase (AMPD) activity must be tightly regulated in order to avoid irreversible depletion of the erythrocyte adenine nucleotide pool during periods of energy imbalance. However, increased intracellular calcium promotes activation of erythrocyte AMPD (AMPD3) through a protein-protein interaction with calmodulin (Mahnke and Sabina, Biochemistry44:5551, 2005). Therefore, we hypothesized that Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) erythrocytes would more rapidly accumulate IMP and deplete the adenine nucleotide pool during periods of energy imbalance. In order to test this hypothesis, acid-soluble pools of these metabolites were quantified by anion-exchange HPLC in SCD and control erythrocytes during autoincubation and glucose starvation, both at 37C. Data in the table show that SCD erythrocytes accumulate more IMP during a 6-hour autoincubation compared to control cells, and this is accompanied by a decrease in AMP. Data in the figure show an accelerated depletion of ATP and increased accumulation of IMP in glucose-starved SCD erythrocytes compared to control cells (*, p These combined results demonstrate AMPD3 enzyme activation and accelerated adenine nucleotide pool depletion during periods of energy imbalance in SCD erythrocytes. This metabolic imbalance in SCD erythrocytes could contribute to 1) an increased rate of hemolysis, 2) cation channel dysregulation, 3) modulation of adhesive membrane components, and 4) diminished protein phosphorylation. Furthermore, strategies directed against this metabolic imbalance, e.g., diffusible AMPD inhibitors and adenine supplementation, may have a therapeutic benefit in SCD.
Development of a Zika Virus Infection Model in Cynomolgus Macaques

Limited availability of Indian rhesus macaques (IRM) is a bottleneck to study Zika virus (ZIKV) pathogenesis and evaluation of appropriate control measures in non-human primates. To address these issues, we report here the Mauritian cynomolgus macaque (MCM) model for ZIKV infection. In brief, six MCMs (seronegative for Dengue and ZIKV) were subdivided into three cohorts with a male and female each and challenged with different doses of Asian [PRVABC59 (Puerto Rico) or FSS13025 (Cambodia)] or African (IBH30656) lineage ZIKV isolates. Clinical signs were monitored; and biological fluids (serum, saliva, and urine) and tissues (testes and brain) were assessed for viral load by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and neutralizing antibodies (Nab) by 50% Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT50) at various times post-infection (p.i). PRVABC59 induced viremia detectable up to day 10, with peak viral load at 2-3 days p.i. An intermittent viremia spike was observed on day 30 with titers reaching 2.5 × 103 genomes/mL. Moderate viral load was observed in testes, urine and saliva. In contrast, FSS13025 induced viremia lasting only up to 6 days and detectable viral loads in testes but not in urine and saliva. Recurrent viremia was detected but at lower titers compare to PRVABC59. Challenge with either PRVABC59 or FSS13025 resulted in 100% seroconversion; with mean PRNT50 titers ranging from 597 to 5179. IBH30656 failed to establish infection in MCM suggesting that MCM are susceptible to infection with ZIKV isolates of the Asian lineage but not from Africa. Due to the similarity of biphasic viremia and Nab responses between MCM and IRM models, MCM could be a suitable alternative for evaluation of ZIKV vaccine and therapeutic candidates.
Predicting heart rejection using histopathological whole-slide imaging and deep neural network with dropout

Cardiac allograft rejection is one major limitation for long-term survival for patients with heart transplants. The endomyocardial biopsy is one gold standard to screen heart rejection for patients that have heart transplantation. However, manual identification of heart rejection is expensive and time-consuming. With the development of imaging processing techniques and machine learning tools, automatic prediction of heart rejection using whole-slide images is one promising approach to improve the care of patients with heart transplants. In this paper, we first develop a histopathological whole-slide image processing pipeline to extract features automatically. Then, we construct deep neural networks with and without regularization and dropout to classify the patients into non-rejection and rejection respectively. Our results show that neural networks with regularization and dropout can significantly reduce overfitting and achieve more stable accuracies.
Real time network traffic monitoring for wireless local area networks based on compressed sensing

A wireless local area network (WLAN) is an important type of wireless networks which connotes different wireless nodes in a local area network. WLANs suffer from important problems such as network load balancing, large amount of energy, and load of sampling. This paper presents a new networking traffic approach based on Compressed Sensing (CS) for improving the quality of WLANs. The proposed architecture allows reducing Data Delay Probability (DDP) to 15%, which is a good record for WLANs. The proposed architecture is increased Data Throughput (DT) to 22 % and Signal to Noise (S/N) ratio to 17 %, which provide a good background for establishing high qualified local area networks. This architecture enables continuous data acquisition and compression of WLAN’s signals that are suitable for a variety of other wireless networking applications. At the transmitter side of each wireless node, an analog-CS framework is applied at the sensing step before analog to digital converter in order to generate the compressed version of the input signal. At the receiver side of wireless node, a reconstruction algorithm is applied in order to reconstruct the original signals from the compressed signals with high probability and enough accuracy. The proposed algorithm out-performs existing algorithms by achieving a good level of Quality of Service (QoS). This ability allows reducing 15 % of Bit Error Rate (BER) at each wireless node.
Early-onset schizophrenia: Symptoms and social class of origin.

Background:The genesis of schizophrenia is multifactorial, including biological and environmental risk factors. We tested for an interactive effect between early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) and socia...
New Perspectives on Prion Conversion: Introducing a Mechanism of Deformed Templating

The transmissible agent of prion disease consists of a prion protein in its abnormal, β-sheet-rich state (PrPSc), which replicates itself according to the template-assisted mechanism. This mechanism postulates that the folding pattern of a newly recruited polypeptide chain accurately reproduces that of a PrPSc template. This chapter introduces a new mechanism of PrPSc formation and replication designated as “deformed templating.” In contrast to classical templating, “deformed templating” postulates that PrP fibrils or particles with one cross-β-sheet structure can catalyze formation of PrP particles with fundamentally different structure of cross-β sheet. As a result, significant change in the PrP folding pattern can occur within cross-β spine. The mechanism of deformed templating predicts that PrPSc and transmissible prion diseases can be induced by cross-β prion protein structures substantially different from that of authentic PrPSc. The data on synthetic prions, i.e., inducing transmissible prion diseases with recombinant PrP amyloid fibrils strongly support the new mechanism. The possibility that a mechanism similar to deformed templating accounts for prion adaptation to new hosts is discussed. The new concept of deformed templating provides important new insight into genesis and evolution of the transmissible states of the prion protein and has numerous implications for understanding the etiology of prion and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Outcomes after surgical pulmonary embolectomy for acute submassive and massive pulmonary embolism: A single-center experience.

Abstract Objectives Ideal treatment strategies for submassive and massive pulmonary embolism remain unclear. Recent reports of surgical pulmonary embolectomy have demonstrated improved outcomes, but surgical technique and postoperative outcomes continue to be refined. The aim of this study is to describe in-hospital survival and right ventricular function after surgical pulmonary embolectomy for submassive and massive pulmonary embolism with excessive predicted mortality (≥5%). Methods All patients undergoing surgical pulmonary embolectomy (2011-2015) were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with pulmonary embolism were stratified as submassive, massive without arrest, and massive with arrest. Submassive was defined as normotensive with right ventricular dysfunction. Massive was defined as prolonged hypotension due to the pulmonary embolism. Preoperative demographics, intraoperative variables, and postoperative outcomes were compared. Results A total of 55 patients were identified: 28 as submassive, 18 as massive without arrest, and 9 as massive with arrest. All patients had a right ventricle/left ventricle ratio greater than 1.0. Right ventricular dysfunction decreased from moderate preoperatively to none before discharge ( P Conclusions In this single institution experience, surgical pulmonary embolectomy is a safe and effective therapy to treat patients with a submassive or massive pulmonary embolism. Although survival in this study is higher than previously reported for patients treated with medical therapy alone, a prospective trial comparing surgical therapy with medical therapy is necessary to further elucidate the role of surgical pulmonary embolectomy in the treatment of pulmonary embolism.
Cloud computing technology: improving small business performance using the Internet

Cloud computing technology (CCT) is a revolutionary new way of leveraging the power of the Internet to provide software and infrastructure solutions to businesses around the world. 2017 is predicte...
Are Medial Class I Histocompatibility Antigens Coming of Age

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encodes one to three classical class I, or class Ia, molecules. These are expressed in all tissues at relatively high levels, present endogenous minor histocompatibility antigens and foreign viral antigens on the cell surface, and are usually highly polymorphic. In addition to the class Ia genes, vertebrates have other class I genes, the total ranging from seven in the miniature swine (Singer et al. 1987) and some ten in humans (Koller et al. 1989) to more than 45 in mice (Stroynowski 1990; Fischer Lindahl et al. 1991) and over 60 in rats (Jameson et al. 1992), the record so far. The function of these other genes has long been a matter of debate, reflected in their many names: nonclassical, reflecting their functional difference from the classical ones, nonconventional, reflecting their often peculiar expression patterns, medial, reflecting their lower antigenic strength, the neutral class Ib, and class I-like, which I dislike.
Time Course of Vascular Function changes Following an Acute Maximal Exercise Bout in Obese and Normal Weight Males

TIME COURSE OF VASCULAR FUNCTION CHANGES FOLLOWING AN ACUTE MAXIMAL EXERCISE BOUT IN OBESE AND NORMAL WEIGHT MALES By R. Lee Franco, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2009 Director: Ronald K. Evans, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of Health and Human Performance One of the earliest sub-clinical stages associated with atherosclerosis is endothelial dysfunction (ED), which has been shown to predict future cardiovascular events. Chronic exercise is thought to improve endothelium-dependent vasodilation; however, few studies have evaluated the effects of acute exercise on vascular function (VF). Moreover, studies evaluating ED following an exercise training program lack a standardized time frame in which to measure VF. Although most studies require subjects to abstain from exercise for 24 hours prior to any VF measure, no study to date has assessed VF longer than 24 hours after the cessation of exercise. Additionally, no studies have compared VF responses in
Improved Recovery With 21-Aminosteroid (U74006F) Pretreatment After Incomplete Cerebral Ischemia

Incomplete cerebral ischemia resulting from intracranial hypertension causes intracellular acidosis. One potential mechanism of acidosis-induced injury during ischemia and reperfusion is augmentation of oxygen radical-mediated lipid peroxidation [4].
GROWTH OF BACTERIAL CULTURES

This chapter discusses the growth of bacterial cultures. The measurement of bacterial growth presents certain problems because of the microscopic size of the organisms. However, there are several methods available and at least one satisfactory technique can be selected for a given purpose. Most populations of living organisms increase geometrically. In the case of organisms with complex life patterns such as human beings, many factors, such as food supply, disease, and economic conditions, affect the rate of increase of the community. In the case of bacteria, however, almost ideal conditions for reproduction can be obtained, resulting in population growth that is close to theoretical expectations. Bacteria grow and reproduce by asexual binary fission, in which case each generation increases by a factor of two. The chapter describes the growth of bacteria in batch culture and in continuous culture.
Establishing a Cohort of Transgender Men and Gender Nonconforming Individuals to Understand the Molecular Impact of Testosterone on Breast Physiology

Purpose: To characterize a cohort of transgender men and masculine-centered gender nonconforming individuals who underwent gender-affirming chest-contouring surgeries at our institution between 2013 and 2018. Methods: Demographics, medical history, and breast histopathological assessment for 340 patients were retrieved from medical records. Results: Most of our patients were white, non-Hispanic (75.0%), were taking testosterone (83.2%), and opted for chest-contouring surgery after 12-14 months of testosterone therapy. Ten patients were parous (2.9%). Seventy-nine (23.2%) and 27 (7.9%) patients had a family history of breast cancer or ovarian cancer, respectively. One transgender man was incidentally diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ at chest-contouring surgery. Conclusion: Future studies on this cohort will provide valuable insights about the impact of testosterone on breast physiology.
Risk of Stillbirth after Infertility Treatment in the United States: 2014-2017.

To estimate the risk of stillbirth following infertility treatment in the United States (US), we analyzed data from the US Natality and Fetal Death files from 2014 to 2017. We built Cox proportional regression models to generate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for the risk of stillbirth among women who utilized various modalities of infertility treatment within the study period. Women who used any infertility treatment and, specifically, assisted reproductive technology (ART), had an elevated risk of stillbirth (HR: 1.21, 95% CI:1.09 -1.33) compared to women who did not use ART. We concluded that in this population, the risk of stillbirth was elevated among women using infertility treatment. Copyright © 2020 Dongarwar and Salihu. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
Muir-Torre Syndrome

The Muir-Torre syndrome is an autosomal dominantly inherited genodermatosis with malignant potential that is characterized by the presence of at least one sebaceous gland tumor (adenoma, epithelioma, or carcinoma) and a minimum of one internal malignancy. The syndrome has been documented in 147 individuals. Associated features in some of the Muir-Torre syndrome patients are colorectal carcinomas and genitourinary neoplasms. More than half of the 292 visceral cancers described in Muir-Torre syndrome patients were colorectal carcinomas; nearly 60% of these tumors were located at or proximal to the splenic flexure. The presence of even a single Muir-Torre syndrome-associated sebaceous tumor warrants serious consideration for further evaluation of that individual for the syndrome. Therefore, initial and periodic examination for internal malignancy should be performed in individuals with such tumors and patients with the syndrome. Also, family members of Muir-Torre syndrome patients should be screened for Muir-Torre syndrome-associated cutaneous lesions and visceral cancers.
Disease and Treatment Patterns Among Patients With Pouch-related Conditions in a Cohort of Large Tertiary Care Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centers in the United States

Background Gaps exist in our understanding of the clinical course of pouch-related disorders. Methods We evaluated baseline disease activity and longitudinal treatment patterns among patients with inflammatory conditions of the pouch. Results Among 468 patients with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA), 94 (20%) had acute pouchitis, 96 (21%) had chronic pouchitis, and 192 (41%) had Crohn disease of the pouch. Following an IPAA, 38% of patients were treated with a biologic and 11% underwent inflammatory bowel disease- or bowel-related surgery. Conclusions Treatment patterns after IPAA indicate that pouch-related disorders have a significant impact on individual patients and the healthcare system.
Parental health in fellowship trainees: Fellows' satisfaction with current policies and interest in innovation.

Background:Parenthood during medical training is common and impacts trainee well-being. However, current graduate medical education parental health policies are often limited in scope. We explored ...
Transition From an Open to Closed Staffing Model in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Improves Clinical Outcomes

Background Several studies have shown improved outcomes in closed compared with open medical and surgical intensive care units. However, very little is known about the ideal organizational structure in the modern cardiac intensive care unit (CICU). Methods and Results We retrospectively reviewed consecutive unique admissions (n=3996) to our tertiary care CICU from September 2013 to October 2017. The aim of our study was to assess for differences in clinical outcomes between an open compared with a closed CICU. We used multivariable logistic regression adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, and severity of illness. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. We identified 2226 patients in the open unit and 1770 in the closed CICU. The unadjusted in-hospital mortality in the open compared with closed unit was 9.6% and 8.9%, respectively (P=0.42). After multivariable adjustment, admission to the closed unit was associated with a lower in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.69; 95% CI: 0.53-0.90, P=0.007) and CICU mortality (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.52-0.94, P=0.02). In subgroup analysis, admissions for cardiac arrest (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.20-0.88, P=0.02) and respiratory insufficiency (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.22-0.82, P=0.01) were also associated with a lower in-hospital mortality in the closed unit. We did not find a difference in CICU length of stay or total hospital charges (P>0.05). Conclusions We found an association between lower in-hospital and CICU mortality after the transition to a closed CICU. These results may help guide the ongoing redesign in other tertiary care CICUs.
Gastric Splenosis Mimicking Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor.

Translocation of splenic tissue in patients after traumatic spleen injury or splenectomy is called splenosis. Gastric splenosis is a rare presentation that can be mistaken for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Patients are usually asymptomatic and do not require surgical intervention. In this report, we present a case of a 68-year-old male patient with a previous history of surgical splenectomy after traumatic splenic rupture, who underwent routine upper endoscopy for the evaluation of dysphagia. An endoscopic exam of the stomach revealed an incidental finding of a submucosal gastric nodule. On endoscopic ultrasound exam, the lesion was found to be suggestive of GIST originating from layer 4. A core biopsy was obtained from the nodule, which was consistent with gastric splenosis. The differentiation of gastric splenosis from other gastric lesions such as GIST is important since asymptomatic patients with gastric splenosis do not need to undergo surveillance or surgical resection. It should be suspected especially in patients with a history of splenectomy or splenic rupture. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided core biopsy can help confirm the diagnosis and differentiate the condition from GIST.
Bicuspid-Associated Aortic Root Aneurysm: Mid to Long-Term Outcomes of David V Versus the Bio-Bentall Procedure.

David V valve-sparing root replacement (VSRR) and bio-Bentall (BB) are increasingly performed for aortic root aneurysms associated with a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). However, durability remains a concern in both procedures. We compared the 10-year outcomes of VSRR vs BB for BAV-associated root aneurysms. A retrospective review identified 134 patients with a BAV-associated root aneurysm who underwent VSRR (n = 65) or BB (n = 69) from 2005 to 2019. Patients with aortic stenosis, endocarditis, previous aortic valve replacement, and emergent cases were excluded. Propensity-score matching was performed, resulting in 2 risk-adjusted groups (n = 40 per group). Median follow-up was 6.21 (1.43–8.28) years. The VSRR cohort was younger (46.0 years vs 56.0 years, P
Weyl Exceptional Rings in a Three-Dimensional Dissipative Cold Atomic Gas

A new topological gapless ring of nondegenerate states, characterized by both a quantized Chern number and a quantized Berry phase, is predicted to occur in 3D dissipative systems.