cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cryo-EM structure of rhinovirus C15a bound to its cadherin-related protein 3 receptor

Infection by Rhinovirus-C (RV-C), a species of Picornaviridae Enterovirus, is strongly associated with childhood asthma exacerbations. Cellular binding and entry by all RV-C, which trigger these episodes, is mediated by the first extracellular domain (EC1) of cadherin-related protein 3 (CDHR3), a surface cadherin-like protein expressed primarily on the apical surfaces of ciliated airway epithelial cells. Although recombinant EC1 is a potent inhibitor of viral infection, there is no molecular description of this protein or its binding site on RV-C. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy (EM) data resolving the EC1 and EC1+2 domains of human CDHR3 complexed with viral isolate C15a. Structure-suggested residues contributing to required interfaces on both EC1 and C15a were probed and identified by mutagenesis studies with four different RV-C genotypes. In contrast to most other rhinoviruses, which bind intercellular adhesion molecule 1 receptors via a capsid protein VP1-specific fivefold canyon feature, the CDHR3 EC1 contacts C15a, and presumably all RV-Cs, in a unique cohesive footprint near the threefold vertex, encompassing residues primarily from viral protein VP3, but also from VP1 and VP2. The EC1+2 footprint on C15a is similar to that of EC1 alone but shows that steric hindrance imposed by EC2 would likely prevent multiprotein binding by the native receptor at any singular threefold vertex. Definition of the molecular interface between the RV-Cs and their receptors provides new avenues that can be explored for potential antiviral therapies.
FACULTY MENTORING PROGRAMS AT ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE MENTORING PROGRAMS

Teaching is the oldest profession in the world. Mentoring program for faculty only began as recently as the 1970’s. While there are many types of mentoring programs, there is a clear need for more mentoring programs as the demographics of faculty have changed. Single parent faculty, women, minorities and foreign faculty need mentoring programs. Research has shown that there is a clear link between mentoring programs and retention of faculty. Furthermore, mentoring programs are needed at academic institutions and this paper explains why they are needed and what types of mentoring programs could be implemented to retain faculty.
Dynamic Aqueous Multiphase Reaction System for One-Pot CRISPR-Cas12a-Based Ultrasensitive and Quantitative Molecular Diagnosis.

Recently, CRISPR-Cas technology has opened a new era of nucleic acid-based molecular diagnostics. However, current CRISPR-Cas-based nucleic acid biosensing has a lack of the quantitative detection ...
Interface capturing simulations of droplet interaction with spacer grids under DFFB conditions

Abstract In the dispersed flow film boiling (DFFB) regime, which exists under post loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) conditions in PWRs, droplet dynamics play a critical role in heat transfer. The DFFB regime is characterized by a very high void fraction, such that the flow regime is akin to a mist type flow. Consequently, the dominant heat transfer pathway under these conditions is to the entrained droplets, which is a strong function of the surface area of the droplets. The major heat transfer mechanisms include radiation from rods to droplet surface and convective heat transfer from bulk vapor to droplets. Evaporation of droplets also results in an increase in the local vapor velocity, further enhancing the heat transfer coefficients. Spacer grids and mixing vane structures play an especially critical role in the DFFB regime. Collision of the droplets with these structures results in an increase in their surface area, which causes a sharp increase in heat transfer immediately downstream of the mixing vanes. In this study, we present detailed interface-resolved simulations of multiple droplet dynamics in a prototypal reactor sub-channel with spacer grid and mixing vanes using PHASTA, a massively parallel finite element-based flow solver. The droplet-vapor interface is implicitly captured using the level-set method, allowing for resolution of inherent complexities of the regime including, droplet-structure collision and droplet break-up and coalescence. The simulations provide the evolution of interfacial area, volume and Sauter mean diameter of droplets along the axial length of the sub-channel domain. Further, a comparative study of the upstream and downstream mean velocity and Reynolds stress tensor profile is presented to emphasize on the effect of spacer-grid and mixing vane structures on the bulk flow, with and without the presence of droplets.
Safety and Efficacy of Arterial Closure Devices Following Antegrade Femoral Access: A Case-Control Study.

Purpose:Vascular closure device (VCD) use following antegrade femoral access may present unique challenges relative to retrograde access. We retrospectively compared safety and efficacy of these de...
Transforming Growth Factor-induced Protein Promotes NF-κB-mediated Angiogenesis during Postnatal Lung Development.

Pulmonary angiogenesis is a key driver of alveolarization. Our prior studies showed that NF-κB promotes pulmonary angiogenesis during early alveolarization. However, the mechanisms regulating tempo...
Flexibility and Reputation in Repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma Games

We study how three matching institutions, differing in how relationships are dissolved, affect cooperation in a repeated prisoner’s dilemma and how cooperation rates are affected by the presence of...
Mathematical modeling of Erk activity waves in regenerating zebrafish scales

Erk signaling regulates cellular decisions in many biological contexts. Recently, we have reported a series of Erk activity traveling waves that coordinate regeneration of osteoblast tissue in zebrafish scales. These waves originate from a central source region, propagate as expanding rings, and impart cell growth, thus controlling tissue morphogenesis. Here, we present a minimal reaction-diffusion model for Erk activity waves. The model considers three components: Erk, a diffusible Erk-activator, and an Erk-inhibitor. Erk stimulates both its activator and inhibitor, forming a positive and negative feedback loop, respectively. Our model shows that this system can be excitable and propagate Erk activity waves. Waves originate from a pulsatile source which is modeled by adding a localized basal production of the activator that switches the source region from an excitable to an oscillatory state. As Erk activity periodically rises in the source, it can trigger an excitable wave which travels across the entire tissue. Analysis of the model finds that positive feedback controls the properties of the traveling wavefront and that negative feedback controls the duration of Erk activity peak and the period of Erk activity waves. The geometrical properties of the waves facilitate constraints on the effective diffusivity of the activator, indicating that waves are an efficient mechanism to transfer growth factor signaling rapidly across a large tissue.
Nutritional and Hormonal Factors Influencing Follicle Development in Cattle

Ovarian antral follicular development in cattle proceeds through stages of follicular recruitment, selection and dominance. This is a reoccurring process during the estrous cycle when either one or two dominant anovulatory follicles develop prior to development of the ovulatory follicle. These changes in follicle development can be monitored by ultrasonography (Savio et al, 1988: Sirois and Fortune, 1988; Knopf et al, 1990). Apparently, dominant follicles control development of other follicles through the production of factors that act locally and/or systemically. This regulatory process is currently under intensive investigation. The process of dominance causes a single ovulation which is characteristic of cattle. We believe that growth of anovulatory dominant follicles during the estrous cycle is halted due to the negative feedback effect of progesterone from the CL on LH secretion. Insufficient LH secretion will not support the continued growth and function of the follicle. Consequently, the dominant follicle undergoes atresia and a new follicle is recruited and becomes the dominant follicle of the next wave. The importance of LH secretion was tested (Savio et al, 1990a) by giving PGF2 " (Lutalyse; Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, MI) on day 8 of the estrous cycle and maintaining a weak progestin environment by the insertion of a norgestomet implant into the ear (Synchromate-B; Ceva Laboratories, Overland Park, KS). The implant was either removed on day 23 post estrus (Treatment 1) or replaced with a new implant on day 18 which also was removed on day 23 (Treatment 2). It is clear that the first wave follicle was sustained until the implant was removed on day 23 (Figure 1 ). Furthermore, growth of this single follicle wave was greater in cows of treatment 1 that retained the original implant. Indeed basal LH secretion was greater on days 10 (5 pulses per 8 hours) and 19 (7 pulses per 8 hours) postestrus in treatment 1 compared to day 10 of the estrous cycle ( control animals with an intact CL; .75 pulses per 8 hours). Insertion of a new implant on day 18 (treatment 2) reduced the pulse frequency of LH on day 19 (3 pulses per 8 hours). This experimental model demonstrated that alterations in basal LH secretion modulate follicular development during the estrous cycle. This has profound implications relative to the management of ovarian follicles for the synchronization of estrus and subsequent fertility at this estrus. Furthermore, this endocrine scenario may account for the occurrence of ovarian follicular cysts in the early postpartum period. Indeed the early postpartum period is characterized by early growth of ovarian follicles in the absence of a CL (low progesterone; Savio et al., 1990b ). Perhaps a sustained basal secretion of LH and the inability to have a preovulatory surge of LH (hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction) leads to the development of dominant and estrogenic follicular cysts. Our basic understanding of ovarian follicular dynamics will lead to rationale systems of follicular management to improve reproductive efficiency.
Heterarchy: Exploiting Ambiguity and Organizing Diversity

ABSTRACT This paper explores the concept of heterarchy as an organizational form that is an alternative to hierarchies and markets. Heterarchies are characterized by lateral accountability and multiple organizing principles, or in different terms, by distributed intelligence and the organization of diversity. Empirical materials are drawn from the contemporary Hungarian economy where firms operate in an environment of institutional uncertainty. An analysis of the ownership structure of the largest 200 firms and the top 25 banks identifies distinctive network properties created by ties of inter-organizational ownership. Heterarchy contributes to flexibility; but the interweaving of multiple logics of justification poses new problems of accountability.
Natural Selection is Unlikely to Explain Why Species Get a Thin Slice of π

Abstract Neutral theory predicts that genetic diversity increases with population size, yet observed levels of diversity across metazoans vary only two orders of magnitude while population sizes vary over several. This unexpectedly narrow range of diversity is known as Lewontin’s Paradox of Variation (1974). While some have suggested selection constrains diversity, tests of this hypothesis seem to fall short. Here, I revisit Lewontin’s Paradox to assess whether current models of linked selection are capable of reducing diversity to this extent. To quantify the discrepancy between pairwise diversity and census population sizes across species, I combine previously-published estimates of pairwise diversity from 172 metazoan taxa with estimates of census sizes. Using phylogenetic comparative methods, I show this relationship is significant accounting for phylogeny, but with high phylogenetic signal and evidence that some lineages experience shifts in the evolutionary rate of diversity deep in the past. Additionally, I find a negative relationship between recombination map length and census size, suggesting abundant species have less recombination and experience greater reductions in diversity due to linked selection. However, I show that even using strong selection parameter estimates, models of linked selection are unlikely to explain the observed relationship between diversity and census sizes across species.
Management of severe burn injuries with novel treatment techniques including maggot debridement and applications of acellular fish skin grafts and autologous skin cell suspension in a dog

CASE DESCRIPTION A 3-year-old 27-kg female spayed American Bulldog with severe burn injuries caused by a gasoline can explosion was evaluated. CLINICAL FINDINGS The dog had extensive partial- and full-thickness burns with 50% of total body surface area affected. The burns involved the dorsum extending from the tail to approximately the 10th thoracic vertebra, left pelvic limb (involving 360° burns from the hip region to the tarsus), inguinal area bilaterally, right medial aspect of the thigh, and entire perineal region. Additional burns affected the margins of the pinnae and periocular regions, with severe corneal involvement bilaterally. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME The dog was hospitalized in the hospital's intensive care unit for 78 days. Case management involved provision of aggressive multimodal analgesia, systemic support, and a combination of novel debridement and reconstructive techniques. Debridement was facilitated by traditional surgical techniques in combination with maggot treatment. Reconstructive surgeries involved 6 staged procedures along with the use of novel treatments including applications of widespread acellular fish (cod) skin graft and autologous skin cell suspension. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The outcome for the dog of the present report highlighted the successful use of maggot treatment and applications of acellular cod skin and autologous skin cell suspension along with aggressive systemic management and long-term multimodal analgesia with debridement and wound reconstruction for management of severe burn injuries encompassing 50% of an animal's total body surface area.
Complications of Bariatric Surgery

Surgical weight loss procedures are among the most commonly performed operations in the world today. Because it is so prevalent, most general surgeons will likely have to manage bariatric patients acutely even as the surgical techniques improve and the overall complication rates decrease.
A Ceramide Analogue Stimulates Dendritic Cells To Promote T Cell Responses upon Virus Infections

The ceramide family of lipids plays important roles in both cell structure and signaling in a diverse array of cell types, including immune cells. However, very little is known regarding how ceramide affects the activation of dendritic cells (DCs) in response to viral infection. In this study, we demonstrate that a synthetic ceramide analog (C8) stimulates DCs to increase the expansion of virus-specific T cells upon virus infection. Exogenously supplied C8 ceramide elevated the expression of DC maturation markers such as MHC class I and costimulatory molecules following infection with the clone 13 strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) or influenza virus. Importantly, ceramide-conditioned, LCMV-infected DCs displayed an increased ability to promote expansion of virus-specific CD8(+) T cells when compared with virus-infected DCs. Furthermore, a locally instilled ceramide analog significantly increased virus-reactive T cell responses in vivo to both LCMV and influenza virus infections. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into ceramide-mediated regulation of DC responses against virus infection and help us establish a foundation for novel immune-stimulatory therapeutics.
RETICULIN FIBROSIS AND BONE INFARCTION IN ACUTE LEUKEMIA. IMPLICATIONS FOR PROGNOSIS.

Reticulin fibrosis was found in 21 of 40 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia when marrows were studied sequentially by Vim-Silverman needle biopsies. Reticulin fibrosis frequently occurred early in the development of the disease. Mild degrees were completely reversible with remission, severe degrees usually persisted, even through remissions. Fibrosis appeared to develop during relapse. Duration of the disease in itself had little influence on the degree of reticulin fibrosis, and collagen fibrosis seldom followed reticulin fibrosis even after many months’ duration. The prognosis of patients with reticulin fibrosis of their marrows was definitely poorer than for the group without increased reticulin. Reticulin fibrosis virtually always prevented successful marrow biopsies by the standard technic of needle aspiration. Bone necrosis occurred in 11 of 75 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, but in none of 53 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia studied by Vim-Silverman needle biopsies during life or at autopsy. Bone necrosis was the major cause of severe bone pain and it was always associated with reticulin fibrosis of the marrow. Bone infarcts were not associated with short survival in all cases, but in general the prognosis of patients with bone necrosis was even poorer than that of patients with reticulin fibrosis but without demonstrable infarction.
Vascular collateralization along ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheters in moyamoya disease.

Surgically created openings such as bur holes can serve as avenues for the development of collateral blood supply to the brain in patients with moyamoya disease. When such collateralization occurs through preexisting shunt catheter sites, the potential exists for perioperative stroke if these vessels are damaged during revision of a ventricular catheter for shunt malfunction. In this paper the authors report on a series of patients with a history of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts who later developed moyamoya disease and were found to have spontaneous transdural collateral vessels at ventricular catheter sites readily visualized on diagnostic angiography. A consecutive surgical series of 412 patients with moyamoya disease treated at Boston Children's Hospital from 1990 to 2010 were reviewed to identify patients with concomitant moyamoya and a VP shunt. The clinical records and angiograms of these patients were reviewed to determine the extent of bur hole collaterals through the shunt site. Three patients...
Attachment and divorce: a therapeutic view

In this paper, recent efforts to integrate attachment theory and family systems theory are reviewed and extended to the context of therapy with families coping with the divorce process. Family members' global working models of attachment, rather than the spousal attachment alone, are proposed as the point of intervention, with the goal of helping families reestablish an "attachment equilibrium" during and after divorce, thus addressing potentially problematic expressions of attachment behavior that could interfere with resolution of the divorce, causing difficulties in future co-parenting and other family functioning.
Effects of the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, hysterectomy, and other operative procedures upon urinary mucopolysaccharide excretion: a preliminary report.

Abstract Mucopolysaccharide (MPS) determinations were performed on 174 24 hr. urine specimens from 57 patients. Urinary MPS were increased on the fifteenth and twentieth days of the menstrual cycle. Normal pregnancy was associated with a rise in urinary MPS excretion that persisted in the early postpartum period. At least a portion of the elevated MPS of the postpartum period seems to be contributed by the involuting uterus, for MPS excretion was lower in patients undergoing cesarean hysterectomy than in those women who had cesarean section. Urinary MPS were increased following hysterectomy and other operative procedures. Generally, the more major procedures were accompanied with the highest levels of MPS excretion. Significant pelvic infection postoperatively was associated with rises in MPS excretion. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Genital morphology of female goblin spiders (Arachnida: Araneae: Oonopidae) with functional implications

Spider genital morphology usually provides the best characters for taxonomy. Furthermore, functional genital morphology helps to understand the evolution of complex genitalia and their role in the context of sexual selection. The genital systems of most haplogyne spider families are poorly investigated with respect to their morphology. The present study investigates the female genitalia of the oonopids Oonops pulcher, Oonopinus kilikus, and Pseudotriaeris sp. by means of light microscopy and SEM. The male palps are briefly described. Females of O. pulcher store spermatozoa in an anterior and a posterior receptaculum (PRe). The genitalia resemble the primitive dysderoid genitalia supporting the hypothesis that the subfamily Oonopinae contains more basal oonopids. In O. kilikus, the anterior receptaculum is reduced to a sclerite. Spermatozoa are stored in a PRe. The receptacula of Pseudotriaeris sp. are reduced to sclerites. Spermatozoa in the uterus internus indicate that fertilization happens there or in the ovary. The anterior sclerite might serve females to lock the uterus during copulation as suggested for other gamasomorphines. The male palp of O. kilikus is simple, whereas the palps of O. pulcher and Pseudotriaeris sp. appear more complex. Complicated structures on the palp of Pseudotriaeris sp. indicate that males exert copulatory courtship.
Purification and Characterization of DnaC810, a Primosomal Protein Capable of Bypassing PriA Function

Escherichia coli strains lacking PriA are severely compromised in their ability to repair UV-damaged DNA and to perform homologous recombination. These phenotypes arise because of a lack of PriA-directed replication fork assembly at recombination intermediates such as D-loops. Naturally arising suppressor mutations in dnaC restore strains carrying thepriA2::kan null allele to wild-type function. We have cloned one such gene, dnaC810, and overexpressed, purified, and characterized the DnaC810 protein. DnaC810 can support a PriA-independent synthesis of φX174 complementary strand DNA. This can be attributed to its ability, unlike wild-type DnaC, to catalyze a SSB-insensitive general priming reaction with DnaB and DnaG on any SSB-coated single-stranded DNA. Gel mobility shift analysis revealed that DnaC810 could load DnaB directly to SSB-coated single-stranded DNA as well as to D loop DNA. This explains the ability of DnaC810 to bypass the requirement for PriA, PriB, PriC, and DnaT during replication fork assembly at recombination intermediates.
Inosine Mediates the Protective Effect of Adenosine in Rat Astrocyte Cultures Subjected to Combined Glucose-Oxygen Deprivation

Preliminary evidence suggests adenosine, a neuromodulator, has neuroprotective properties during cerebral ischemia. It is unclear, however, if adenosine has glioprotective effects. We studied the effect of adenosine on cellular injury in astroglial cultures subjected to combined glucose-oxygen deprivation. Adenosine (100-1,000 microM)dramatically reduced astroglial injury, whereas the adenosine agonists 2-chloroadenosine (10 nM-100 microM), N6-cyclopentyladenosine (1 nM-10 microM), 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (10 nM-100 microM), and N6-2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyladenosine (10 nM-100 microM) had no effect. Furthermore, the adenosine antagonists 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (1 nM-1 microM), xanthine amine congener (10 nM-10 microM), and 8-(p-sulfophenyl)-theophylline (10-300 microM) failed to reverse the protective effect of 200 microM adenosine. Next, adenosine degradation products were studied. Inosine proved to be glioprotective at concentrations nearly identical to those of adenosine, but hypoxanthine and ribose had no effect. The protective effect of 200 microM inosine was not reversed by 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline (10-300 microM). Adenosine deaminase (1 unit/ml) had no effect on protection produced by adenosine, whereas erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine hydrochloride (10 microM) reversed the protective effect of adenosine. Dipyridamole (4 microM) inhibited the protective effect of both adenosine and inosine. We conclude that adenosine dramatically decreases astroglial injury during combined glucose-oxygen deprivation and that this protective effect appears to be mediated by inosine.
An extended technicolor model with custodial SU(2) symmetry

Abstract I describe an extended technicolor model in which the interactions that give rise to the quark and lepton masses are generated by the exchange of massive gauge bosons as in extended technicolor models but in which the gauge bosons couple the quarks and leptons not directly to the technifermions, but to heavy fermions. Quark and lepton masses arise from box diagrams. The model, including the ETC interactions, has an approximate custodial SU(2) symmetry that ensures that the ETC interactions do not modify the relation between MW and Mz.
Lonesome dove: Doing business in the west. A librarian's view

Now that you have heard about acquisitions in the West from a vendor perspective, I will present a librarian's view. I originally intended to place my remarks within a very broad context. Instead, I will speak from a "micro" perspective. The reason for limiting my observations to my experience at Arizona State University (ASU) Libraries is that ASU's recent history is quite interesting and unique. Also, I believe that there are characteristics of the ASU Libraries' experience which may be common to other Western libraries.
MAPS : A set of software tools for analysis and visualization of 3D X-ray fluorescence data sets

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging of biological cells typically involves the creation (and subsequent analysis) of 3-dimensional (3D) data sets, where at each scan position the full spectrum is recorded. This allows one to later process the data in a variety of different approaches, e.g., by spectral region of interest (ROI E ) summation with or without background subtraction, principal component analysis, or fitting. Additionally, it is possible to sum up the per pixel spectra over selected spatial ROIs so as to improve the photon statistics in such a spectrum. A software package is presented here that implements these functions to provide a toolset for the analysis of 3D XRF data sets.
Ultraviolet spectrographs for thermospheric and ionospheric remote sensing

The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been developing far- and extreme-ultraviolet spectrographs for remote sensing the Earth's upper atmosphere and ionosphere. The first of these sensors, called the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Limb Imager (SSULI), will be flying on the Air Force's Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) block 5D3 satellites as an operational sensor in the 1997-2010 time frame. A second sensor, called the High-resolution Ionospheric and Thermospheric Spectrograph (HITS), will fly in late 1995 on the Air Force Space Test Program's Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS, also known as P91-1) as part of NRL's High Resolution Airglow and Auroral spectroscopy (HIRAAS) experiment. Both of these instruments are compact and do not draw much power and would be good candidates for small satellite applications. The instruments and their capabilities are discussed. Possible uses of these instruments in small satellite applications are also presented.
Circadian Rhythms: The Effects of Global Market Integration in the Currency Trading Industry

This essay assesses the impact of global market integration in the currency trading industry as the market interfaces with states, with firms and with individuals, and raises questions for research from a variety of disciplines. Issues discussed include the question of state control in global markets, the impact of globalization on firm structures and processes, how firms can derive competitive advantage from global circadian rhythms, and the influences of the circadian rhythms of the global market on the individuals who work in this industry.
The effects of NaCl-, polyethyleneglycol-, and naturally-induced water stress on photosynthetic products, photosynthetic rates, and CO2compensation points in C4 plants

Summary This study investigated the effects of water stress on the photosynthetic products, photosynthetic rates and CO2 compensation points in two C4 plants, Zea mays and Portulaca oleracea. Three methods of experimentally inducing water stress were also compared to determine their relative effect on the photosynthetic characteristics listed. Thus, low leaf water potentials were obtained by growing the plants in solutions of NaCl or polyethyleneglycol, or by withholding water. In most instances, four carbon acid percentages were the lowest in both plants with increased levels of water deficit. Radioactivity located in C3 cycle products, phosphoglyceric acid, sugar phosphates, and several miscellaneous compounds, increased under these conditions. The only exception to this was when Portulaca was grown in the presence of NaCl. Sodium chloride also resulted in increased labeling of amino acids in the dark in Portulaca and in the light in both Portulaca and Zea mays. Photosynthetic rates were adversely affected by water stress, the amount of the reduction being dependent on the water potential of the leaves, the osmoticum used, and the basis of calculation. Low leaf water potentials also resulted in increased CO2 compensation points in both C4 plants, and possible explanations for these increases — photorespiration, mitochondrial respiration, or other factors — are discussed.
COMPETITION BETWEEN SPIRAL-DEFECT CHAOS AND ROLLS IN RAYLEIGH-BENARD CONVECTION

We present experimental results for pattern formation in the Rayleigh-B\'enard convection of a fluid with a Prandtl number \ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\simeq}4. We find that the spiral-defect-chaos (SDC) attractor, which exists for \ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\simeq}1, has become unstable. Gradually increasing the temperature difference \ensuremath{\Delta}T from below to well above its critical value \ensuremath{\Delta}${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ no longer leads to SDC. A sudden jump of \ensuremath{\Delta}T from below to above \ensuremath{\Delta}${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ causes convection to grow from fluctuations and does yield SDC. However, the SDC is a transient; it coarsens and forms a single cell-filling spiral which then drifts toward the cell wall and disappears.
Electrochemically controlled release of dexamethasone from conducting polymer polypyrrole coated electrode

Chronic recordings from micromachined neural electrode arrays often fail a few weeks after implantation primarily due to the formation of an astro-glial sheath around the implant. We propose a drug delivery system, from conducting polymer (CP) coatings on the electrode sites, to modulate the inflammatory implant-host tissue reaction. In this study, polypyrrole (PPy) based coatings for electrically controlled and local delivery of the ionic form of an anti-inflammatory drug, dexamethasone (Dex), was investigated. The drug was incorporated in PPy via electropolymerization of pyrrole and released in PBS using cyclic voltammetry (CV). FTIR analysis of the surface showed the presence of Dex and polypyrrole on the coated electrode. The thickness of the coated film was estimated to be approximately 50 nm by ellipsometry. We are able to release 0.5 mug/cm(2) Dex in 1 CV cycle and a total of almost 16 mug/cm(2) Dex after 30 CV cycles. In vitro studies and immunocytochemistry on murine glial cells suggest that the released drug lowers the count of reactive astrocytes to the same extent as the added drug. In addition, the released drug is not toxic to neurons as seen by healthy neuronal viability in the released drug treated cells.
Human liver fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11). purification and properties.

Abstract 1. 1. Human fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) is composed of subunits of 44,000 daltons ±9% and exists predominantly as a dimer in 0.005 M Tris-glycine buffer, pH 8.3. 2. 2. The human enzyme is more sensitive to 5′-AMP inhibition (I (0.5) 3.2 × 10 −5 M) than that of 2 other ominivorous species, i.e. the albino rat (2.3 × 10 −4 M) and the Syrian hamster (3.6 × 10 −4 M). 3. 3. The circular dichroism spectrum reveals highly oriented thyrosine and phenylalanine residues and an alpha helix content of 23%. 4. 4. As all the phosphatases previously studied, the enzyme has a low specific activity at physiological pHs.
Home-based care, technology, and the maintenance of selves.

In this paper, I will argue that there is a deep connection between home-based care, technology, and the self. Providing the means for persons (especially older persons) to receive care at home is not merely a kindness that respects their preference to be at home: it is an important means of extending their selfhood and respecting the unique selves that they are. Home-based technologies like telemedicine and robotic care may certainly be useful tools in providing care for persons at home, but they also have important implications for sustaining selfhood in ways that are of value to individuals and those who care for them. I will argue, by appealing to Hilde Lindemann’s notion of “holding” persons’ identities in place, that technological interventions are not only useful tools for improving and sustaining health and good care at home, but that they may also help to extend our personal identities and relational capacities in ways that are practically and ethically good. Because of these important goods, I will claim that there is a prima facie moral duty to do this “holding” work and that it is best done by family members and loved ones who are well suited to the job because of their history and relationship with the individual that needs to be “held” in place.
Mandibular adaptations following total maxillary osteotomy in adolescent monkeys.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth and remodeling changes of the mandible following superior anterior surgical repositioning (Le Fort I) of the maxilla in adolescent Macaca fascicularis monkeys. Eight adolescent monkeys served as controls, and seven monkeys underwent surgical procedures. All monkeys received tantalum implants on both sides of certain facial bones for stereometric and conventional cephalometry. The animals were followed up to 24 months postoperatively. Analysis of cephalometric head films taken at monthly intervals shows that both the maxillas and the mandibles of the experimental monkeys grew harmoniously, although the amount and direction of growth showed significant changes compared to the controls. The mandibles of experimental monkeys that underwent autorotation immediately following the surgical procedures showed 36 to 60 percent less growth as measured from condylion to menton, condylion to gonion, and gonion to menton. Similarly, the anterior dental-alveolar-symphyseal height showed 75 percent less increase as compared to the controls. The results show that, although the surgical procedure was performed on the maxilla, the mandibular growth showed significant modulation to adapt to the surgically changed maxillary environment. The role of occlusion and function is discussed in the context of the present findings.
Almost forbidden ΔQ = −ΔS processes

Abstract The ΔQ=−ΔS transitions in semileptonic decays of neutral kaons are estimated. We find a suppression of 10−7 with respect to the allowed ΔQ=ΔS transition, within the standard model. Asymmetries in semileptonic decays of KL and Ks as well as time- dependent semileptonic decays of a coherent KSKL state are studied.
A comparison of different module configurations for multi-band-gap solar cells

Abstract The use of different module configurations with multijunction (MJ) solar cells was investigated. Module configuration refers to the electrical circuit in which the subcells of the MJ cell are connected. The simplest configuration has the subcells connected in series. The subcells may also be connected in parallel or operated independently. These circuits require MJ cells with more than two terminals. The performance of two-junction tandem cells with different module configurations was analyzed by means of computer modeling. Roughly the same performance was found for an optimized MJ cell with the different module configurations. However, several advantages for MJ cells with the subcells wired in parallel as opposed to series were identified, including wider selection of band gaps for optimal performance, less sensitivity to spectral variations, and possibly less sensitivity to radiation damage.
Determination of the Hall coefficient by direct generation of ultrasound

A theoretical study is made of the generation of ultrasound as a function of an applied, static magnetic field for propagation along a [110] direction in a potassium crystal. For certain orientations of the incident radio-frequency field the variation of acoustic amplitude with field presents a cusp. The position of this minimum can be used to determine the departure of the Hall coefficient from its free-electron value.
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: diagnosis, psychiatric presentation, and treatment

A growing literature describes the clinical presen- tation, diagnosis, and pathophysiology of anti-NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartic acid) receptor encephalitis. Once conceptualized as a condition primarily affecting adult women and frequently associated with tumors, anti- NMDA receptor encephalitis is increasingly recognized in males, in children, and in the absence of tumors. Despite the expanding knowledge base, much remains to be un- derstood about effective treatments. The little available information on management focuses primarily on tumor management and immunotherapy to control the anti- body response. Limited information is available on the management of psychiatric symptoms in these complex, often critically ill patients. Here we describe, through an illustrative case example, the clinical characteristics of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in an adolescent male. We also outline other disease processes to be considered in the differential diagnosis and describe currently used interventions, including psychotropic medications.
Phosphatidylserine-containing liposomes promote maximal survival of retinal neurons after ischemic injury.

We investigated the systemic effect of liposomes bearing apoptotic signals on the level of inflammation and neuronal death induced by ischemia–reperfusion (IR). Using a model of retinal ischemia, w...
Neutron-Encoded Protein Quantification by Peptide Carbamylation

We describe a chemical tag for duplex proteome quantification using neutron encoding (NeuCode). The method utilizes the straightforward, efficient, and inexpensive carbamylation reaction. We demonstrate the utility of NeuCode carbamylation by accurately measuring quantitative ratios from tagged yeast lysates mixed in known ratios and by applying this method to quantify differential protein expression in mice fed a either control or high-fat diet.
Electropollution or Sustainable Energy? [Microwave Surfing]

The definition of electropollution (noun): Nonionizing electromagnetic radiation propagated through the atmosphere by broadcast towers, radar installations, and microwave appliances, and the magnetic fields surrounding electrical appliances and power lines, which is believed to have polluting effects on people and the environment; also called electromagnetic smog [1].
SOFT PION PRODUCTION IN NUCLEON--NUCLEON COLLISIONS.

The emission of soft pions in nucleon-nucleon collisions is studied for lab energies in the range 500-800 MeV. Following the prescription of the Adler-Dothan theorem, we consider the dominant contribution to arise from processes involving emission from external nucleon lines only. The amplitudes are calculated in the helicity representation, the invariant functions for the nucleon-nucleon scattering being obtained from phase shifts. Cross sections for $\mathrm{pp}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{np}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ are given in some detail.
Analysis of a taurine-dependent promoter in Sinorhizobium meliloti that offers tight modulation of gene expression

Genetic models have been developed in divergent branches of the class Alphaproteobacteria to help answer a wide spectrum of questions regarding bacterial physiology. For example, Sinorhizobium meliloti serves as a useful representative for investigating rhizobia-plant symbiosis and nitrogen fixation, Caulobacter crescentus for studying cell cycle regulation and organelle biogenesis, and Zymomonas mobilis for assessing the potentials of metabolic engineering and biofuel production. A tightly regulated promoter that enables titratable expression of a cloned gene in these different models is highly desirable, as it can facilitate observation of phenotypes that would otherwise be obfuscated by leaky expression. We compared the functionality of four promoter regions in S. meliloti (P araA , P tauA , P rhaR , and P melA ) by constructing strains carrying fusions to the uidA reporter in their genomes and measuring beta-glucuronidase activities when they were induced by arabinose, taurine, rhamnose, or melibiose. P tauA was chosen for further study because it, and, to a lesser extent, P melA , exhibited characteristics suitable for efficient modulation of gene expression. The levels of expression from P tauA depended on the concentrations of taurine, in both complex and defined media, in S. meliloti as well as C. crescentus and Z. mobilis. Moreover, our analysis indicated that TauR, TauC, and TauY are each necessary for taurine catabolism and substantiated their designated roles as a transcriptional activator, the permease component of an ABC transporter, and a major subunit of the taurine dehydrogenase, respectively. Finally, we demonstrated that P tauA can be used to deplete essential cellular factors in S. meliloti, such as the PleC histidine kinase and TatB, a component of the twin-arginine transport machinery. The P tauA promoter of S. meliloti can control gene expression with a relatively inexpensive and permeable inducer, taurine, in diverse alpha-proteobacteria. Regulated expression of the same gene in different hosts can be achieved by placing both tauR and P tauA on appropriate vectors, thus facilitating inspection of conservation of gene function across species.
Evaluating and improving remedial training programs

There is room for improvement in remedial training programs. Sound assessment holds out a hope for more evident success.
Mechanical analysis of elementary flax fibre tensile properties after different thermal cycles

Abstract Knowledge of the mechanical properties of biocomposite components, especially flax fibres, is of great interest for understanding reinforcement mechanisms. The aim of this work is to study the mechanical behaviour of flax fibres after different thermal treatments, representative of three thermoplastic composites process temperatures. Firstly, a specific analysis was conducted to identify the three different types of mechanical behaviours and study the fibre performances according to the thermal treatments. Secondly, the microfibrillar realignment process was carefully studied thanks to an analysis of the tangent Young’s modulus – strain curves and of the stress at different phases of the loading. Then, to better understand the influence of the temperature, TGA experiments were carried out on flax fibres after the thermal cycles. We highlighted a significant decrease of the mechanical performances at 250 °C which could be explained by some evolutions of their mechanical behaviour induced by structural modifications of the cell walls.
Fabrication of waveguides in sputtered films of GeAsSe glass via photodarkening with above bandgap light

Abstract We have fabricated and characterized waveguides in thin films of Ge 5 As 34 Se 61 glass sputtered onto silicon wafer substrates. The 5-μm width waveguides were fabricated by exposure to 514.5 nm light from an Ar 3+ laser, with a lithographic exposure mask used to provide the lateral patterning for the waveguides. The measured losses of the waveguides ranged from 3.5 to 6.4 dB/cm. From SEM imaging, we concluded that scattering from microcracks at the glass–substrate interface was the dominant source of loss.
A Re-Examination of the Single Radial Haemolysis Technique for the Assay of Influenza Anti-Neuraminidase Antibodies in Human Sera

A new study is described of the use of single radial haemolysis (SRH) for the measurement of antibodies to influenza virus neuraminidase (NA). The technique is known to be consistently successful in the assay of anti-haemagglutinin (HA) antibodies, subject only to the condition that the indicator virus belongs to an appropriate serotype. Its adaptation to the measurement of anti-NA is, however, more difficult. The virus used must be a recombinant which contains a specific NA and an “irrelevant” HA. However the present experiments showed that the two recombinants MRC-3 and X-38, which contain the same NA but a different HA, gave different results. Other properties of recombinants, including rates of attachment to and elution from red cells, many affect the results. The chemical NA-inhibition test (NI), although requiring the use of antigenic hybrids, did not produce these discrepancies. However it appears possible to exploit the simplicity and convenience of SRH for mass survey of anti-NA, if individual hybrid recombinants can first be shown to yield results comparable to those obtained by NI.
Expression of a functional rat salivary cystatin S polypeptide in Escherichia coli.

Abstract Cystatin S is a cysteine proteinase inhibitor that is transiently expressed during rat submandibular gland development and can be induced by isoproterenol in the adult. A cDNA for rat cystatin S which included the entire coding sequence of the secreted cystatin was cloned. A coding region of the cystatin gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and cloned into the pGEX-2T expression vector. The chimeric plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli, and protein expression was induced by isopropyl-s- d -thiogalactopyranoside. The expressed protein was purified from insoluble inclusion bodies after solubilization with urea and fast protein liquid chromotography on a MonoQ column. The purified recombinant cystatin reacted with antibodies to cystatin S purified from rat submandibular glands and showed an amino-terminal amino acid sequence identical to that of rat cystatin S. The recombinant protein exhibited papain inhibition activity comparable to natural cystatin. This was a successful expression and purification of a functionally and immunologically reactive recombinant cystatin from E. coli, an approach which will be used later towards generating recombinant variants to study the binding and functional domains of this cysteine protease inhibitor.
PSYCHOLOGY OF COMPUTER USE: XXXV. DIFFERENCES IN COMPUTER USERS' STRESS AND SELF-CONCEPT IN COLLEGE PERSONNEL AND STUDENTS '

104 college students and 88 college faculty/staff at a midwestern university completed a questionnaire composed of the Computer Hassles Scale, a measure of computer users' stress, somatization/anxiety items from the Symptoms Checklist-90, a measure of stress reactions, and the Revised Personal Attribute Inventory, a measure of self-concept. Correlations indicated that for students there was a significant negative relationship between computer users' stress and self-concept (r = −.30), while for faculty/staff there was a significant positive relationship (r = .28). Regression analyses showed that self-concept moderated the relationship between computer users' stress and stress outcomes for only the faculty-staff sample. The moderator effect was interpreted using Linville's 1987 “buffering hypothesis,” which suggests that persons with higher scores on self-concept are less prone to experience stress-related outcomes like somatization/anxiety symptoms.