cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diurnal Rhythms in Gonadotropins and Progesterone in Lactating and Photoperiod Induced Acyclic Hamsters

Levels of LH, FSH, and progesterone in serum were measured in lactating hamsters and in hamsters in which acyclicity was induced with altered photoperiod. Lactating hamsters were found to have low titers of LH, FSH, and progesterone in serum at 0900 (lights on 0500-1900) on Days 4, 9, 14, and 19 of lactation and increased levels of these hormones at 1600. Levels of LU and FSH in serum at both 0900 and 1600 remained relatively constant throughout lactation. In contrast, levels of progesterone in serum obtained at both 0900 and 1600 sampling times increased as lactation progressed. Ovariectomy on Day 9 of lactation reduced serum levels of progesterone at both 0900 and 1600 and eliminated the afternoon surge in progesterone in animals bled 5 days after surgery. The levels and pattern of LH in serum remained unchanged after ovariectomy in lactating hamsters. However, serum FSH levels in the ovariectomized, lactating animals were elevated at both 0900 and 1600 when compared to levels present in intact, lactating hamsters bled at the same times. Females which were acyclic due to altered photoperiod displayed similar patterns of LH, FSH, and progesterone in serum. Levels of LH, FSH, and progesterone in serum were low at 1000 (lights on 0500-1500) and were increased 2 to 10 fold at 1500. Ovariectomy was followed by lower progesterone levels in serum at 1000 and 1500 and eliminated the afternoon rise of this hormone. Serum levels of LH were unaffected by ovariectomy. As in lactating hamsters, levels of FSH in serum were elevated 3-4 days following ovariectomy at both bleeding times, but the levels were higher at 1500. These results indicate that acyclicity induced by lactation or exposure to a short photoperiod is characterized by similar diurnal patterns of circulating hormones in the hamster.
Identification of guanine nucleotide-binding protein γ-7 as an epigenetically silenced gene in head and neck cancer by gene expression profiling

Silencing of tumor suppressor genes plays a vital role in head and neck carcinogenesis. Aberrant hypermethylation in the promoter region of some known or putative tumor suppressor genes occurs frequently during the development of various types of cancer including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this study we used an expanded mRNA expression profiling approach followed by microarray expression analysis to identify epigenetically inactivated genes in HNSCC. Two HNSCC cell lines were treated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine followed by microarray analysis to identify epigenetically silenced genes in HNSCC. We found 1,960, 614 and 427 genes were upregulated in the HNSCC cell lines JHU-012, JHU-011 and the combination of both cell lines, respectively. HNSCC tumor and normal mucosal samples were used for gene profiling by a 47K mRNA gene expression array and we found 7,140 genes were downregulated in HNSCC tumors compared to normal mucosa, as determined by microarray analysis, and were integrated with cell line data. Integrative analysis defined 126 candidate genes, of which only seven genes showed differential methylation in tumors and no methylation in normal mucosa after bisulfite sequencing. Following validation by QMSP, one gene, guanine nucleotide-binding protein γ-7 (GNG7), was confirmed to be highly methylated in tumors and unmethylated in normal mucosal and salivary rinse samples demonstrating cancer-specific methylation in HNSCC tissues. TXNIP and TUSC2 were partially methylated in tumors and normal salivary rinses but unmethylated in normal mucosa. We concluded that GNG7 is a highly specific promoter methylated gene associated with HNSCC. In addition, TXNIP and TUSC2 are also potential biomarkers for HNSCC.
Prevention of overweight and obesity in children: influences on the food environment.

PURPOSEThere is an epidemic of pediatric overweight and obesity leading to type 2 diabetes in youth. The purpose of this review is to describe the multiple paths of influence on the food environment of youth and to identify diabetes education strategies focused on early prevention of overweight and obesity.METHODSA review of relevant professional literature was conducted.RESULTSModels of obesity prevention in youth need to address genetic factors that influence the development of food preferences in the young child, parenting influences on eating pattern development, and access and availability of foods in the physical environment of the child.CONCLUSIONSEarly intervention with parents of young children is required to prevent the development of eating patterns that lead to pediatric obesity and type 2 diabetes in youth. Diabetes educators need to be able to inform parents of the multiple paths of influence on the food environment of the child and suggest strategies to encourage the development of positive...
Anterior-segment imaging for assessment of glaucoma

This article summarizes the physics, technology and clinical application of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) for assessment of the anterior segment in glaucoma. UBM systems use frequencies ranging from approximately 35 to 80 MHz, as compared with typical 10-MHz systems used for general-purpose ophthalmic imaging. OCT systems use low-coherence, near-infrared light to provide detailed images of anterior segment structures at resolutions exceeding that of UBM. Both technologies allow visualization of the iridocorneal angle and, thus, can contribute to the diagnosis and management of glaucoma. OCT systems are advantageous, being noncontact proceedures and providing finer resolution than UBM, but UBM systems are superior for the visualization of retroiridal structures, including the ciliary body, posterior chamber and zonules, which can provide crucial diagnostic information for the assessment of glaucoma.
The evolution of a thin phytoplankton layer in strong turbulence

Simultaneous and collocated spatial measurements of turbulence, fine structure, and chlorophyll a fields were made from the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle T-REMUS as a part of the Layered Organization in the Coastal Ocean (LOCO) experiment. The T-REMUS was operated in a cycling 51 yo-yo mode. Deployments were of 8 h duration and consisted of a series of across isobath legs, each of 2.5 km in extent. From the suite of sensors onboard the T-REMUS vehicle we are able to measure directly the turbulent eddy velocity, we ¼ ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi e=N p , and turbulent Reynolds number, Reb ¼ (e/vN 2 ), in the vicinity of a thin chlorophyll a layer. Using the turbulent eddy velocity, we develop criteria for when phytoplankton will behave as passive Lagrangian tracers. The turbulent Reynolds number is used as an indicator of turbulence strength, with the criterion of Reb ¼ 200 the boundary between weak and strong turbulence. We present data for the case of a spatially extensive thin layer being advected into the T-REMUS LOCO site. Using the above criterion, we observe that thin chlorophyll a layers can exist and be embedded as passive Lagrangian tracers in both weak and strong turbulent conditions. During a time period of weak turbulence Rebo200 little diffusion occurs and the thin layer remains compact. Under strong turbulence Reb4200 the thin layer weakens and diffuses as it is advected through the experimental site.
On the Relative Vorticity of the Atlantic Jet in the Alboran Sea

Abstract It is shown, from hydrographic data, that the eastward flowing Atlantic jet (AJ) in the Alboran Sea has zero or positive relative vorticity. This holds even when the AJ curves anticyclonically around the western and eastern Alboran gyres. This feature is due to the presence of large positive shear vorticity mainly caused by the interaction between the AJ and the slow westward flow of Mediterranean Water on the northern side of the AJ. It is also shown that the AJ acquires negative curvature vorticity at the same time that it acquires positive shear vorticity at the exit of the Strait of Gibraltar. This feature is described in terms of a shear and curvature conversion. It is found that the cross-stream variation of alongstream geopotential differences is the main term in this vorticity interchange description of the AJ in the western Alboran Sea.
Clinical Cancer Advances 2007: Major Research Advances in Cancer Treatment, Prevention, and Screening—A Report From the American Society of Clinical Oncology

A MESSAGE FROM ASCO'S PRESIDENT: For the third year, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) is publishing Clinical Cancer Advances: Major Research Advances in Cancer Treatment, Prevention, and Screening, an annual review of the most significant cancer research presented or published over the past year. ASCO publishes this report to demonstrate the important progress being made on the front lines of clinical cancer research today. The report is intended to give all those with an interest in cancer care-the general public, cancer patients and organizations, policymakers, oncologists, and other medical professionals-an accessible summary of the year's most important cancer research advances. These pages report on the use of magnetic resonance imaging for breast cancer screening, the association between hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer incidence, the link between human papillomavirus and head and neck cancers, and the use of radiation therapy to prevent lung cancer from spreading. They also report on effective new targeted therapies for cancers that have been historically difficult to treat, such as liver cancer and kidney cancer, among many others. A total of 24 advances are featured in this year's report. These advances and many more over the past several years show that the nation's long-term investment in cancer research is paying off. But there are disturbing signs that progress could slow. We are now in the midst of the longest sustained period of flat government funding for cancer research in history. The budgets for the National Institutes of Health and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) have been unchanged for four years. When adjusted for inflation, cancer research funding has actually declined 12% since 2004. These budget constraints limit the NCI's ability to fund promising cancer research. In the past several years the number of grants that the NCI has been able to fund has significantly decreased; this year, in response to just the threat of a 10% budget cut, the nation's Clinical Trials Cooperative Groups reduced the number of patients participating in clinical trials by almost 2,000 and senior researchers report that many of the brightest young minds no longer see the promise of a career in science, choosing other careers instead. It's time to renew the nation's commitment to cancer research. Without additional support, the opportunity to build on the extraordinary progress to date will be lost or delayed. This report demonstrates the essential role that clinical cancer research plays in finding new and better ways to care for the more than 1.4 million people expected to be diagnosed with cancer this year. I want to thank the Editorial Board members, the Specialty Editors, and the ASCO Cancer Communications Committee for their dedicated work to develop this report. I hope you find it useful. Sincerely, Nancy E. Davidson, MD President American Society of Clinical Oncology.
Search for the Decay μ + → e + + γ

The branching ratio p in the ic /sup +/ e/sup +/ + reactions when calculated by assuming an intermediate meson coupling, is of the order 10/sup -4/. Results are reported from an experiment in progress designed to obtain a more precise value of p. A 32-Mev The effects of /sup +/-meson beam is stopped in a carbon target. The ic /sup +/ mesons also stop and decay in the target. Counter telescopes register coincident positrons and gammas emitted in opposite directions from the target. (W.D.M.)
Angular distribution of the reaction pd. -->. /sup 3/He. pi. /sup 0/ at 800 MeV

The angular distribution of the pd..-->../sup 3/He..pi../sup 0/ reaction at 800 MeV was measured and compared to a common (p,..pi..) model. The data are consistent with other data in this energy region and are in qualitative agreement with predictions of the model. There are quantitive differences between data and theory.
Do contemporaneous armed challenges affect the outcomes of mass nonviolent campaigns

Civil resistance is a powerful strategy for promoting major social and political change, yet no study has systematically evaluated the effects of simultaneous armed resistance on the success rates of unarmed resistance campaigns. Using the Nonviolent and Violent Conflict Outcomes (NAVCO 1.1) data set, which includes aggregate data on 106 primarily nonviolent resistance campaigns from 1900 to 2006 with maximalist political objectives, we find that contemporaneous armed struggles do not have positive effects on the outcome of nonviolent campaigns. We do find evidence for an indirect negative effect, in that contemporaneous armed struggles are negatively associated with popular participation and are, consequently, correlated with reduced chances of success for otherwise-unarmed campaigns. Two paired comparisons suggest that negative violent flank effects operated strongly in two unsuccessful cases (the 8-8-88 challenge in Burma in 1988 and the South African antiapartheid challenge from 1952 to 1961, with vio...
Situational Lightning Climatologies for Central Florida: Phase III

This report describes work done by the Applied Meteorology Unit (AMU) to add composite soundings to the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS). This allows National Weather Service (NWS) forecasters to compare the current atmospheric state with climatology. In a previous phase, the AMU created composite soundings for four rawinsonde observation stations in Florida, for each of eight flow regimes. The composite soundings were delivered to the NWS Melbourne (MLB) office for display using the NSHARP software program. NWS MLB requested that the AMU make the composite soundings available for display in AWIPS. The AMU first created a procedure to customize AWIPS so composite soundings could be displayed. A unique four-character identifier was created for each of the 32 composite soundings. The AMU wrote a Tool Command Language/Tool Kit (TcVTk) software program to convert the composite soundings from NSHARP to Network Common Data Form (NetCDF) format. The NetCDF files were then displayable by AWIPS.
Early-Season Movements of Pink Bollworm Male Moths Between Selected Habitats

The movement of native males of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) was studied during April and May 1980 in an area of mixed agriculture and desert near Phoenix, Ariz. Seventeen Lingren live traps were placed in cotton, alfalfa, sugar beets, and desert habitats. Captured native males were marked with fluorescent dyes and released at the site of their capture, and their movement was determined by recapture. Of recaptured marked moths, 55 to 83% were recaptured in the habitat where they were captured initially. Of recaptured moths from desert, beet, and alfalfa habitats 18 to 26% were recaptured in cotton, whereas 4 to 7% of recaptured moths from cotton were taken in the other habitats. Total catches of males were approximately evenly distributed among habitats during most of the study except for large catches in one trap in cotton. A single release of ca. 750 males of the sooty strain near the center of the study area resulted in dispersal in all directions and 7.3% recovery. A single light trap operated in each type of habitat during the study period resulted in the following captures of females (percent mated): desert 10 (90%); beets 19 (79%); alfalfa 5 (80%); and cotton 4 (100%). Mating stations operated in desert and cotlon habitats resulted in the following percentages of matings between WCRL-strain laboratory females and native males: desert, 50; and cotton, 53. The results have implications for management of the pink bollworm by confusion.
Cell cycle dependence of inositol phosphate levels in neuroblastoma cells

To investigate the timing of inositol lipid turnover in relation to the cell cycle, inositol phosphates and lipids were measured in neuroblastoma (Neuro-2A) cells that were prelabeled with [3H]inositol and synchronized by a mitotic shakeoff technique. Distinct early and late phases of inositol phosphate production were identified. The early peak occurs between the 2nd and 4th hour after mitosis near the G1/S transition. A later peak occurs around the peak of S phase (DNA synthesis) at 7-8 h after mitosis. These findings suggest that activation of phosphatidylinositol turnover generates signals that play a role in cell cycle progression.
Lachnospiraceae fam. nov

Lach.no.spi.ra'ce.ae. N.L. masc. n. Lachnospira type genus of the family; −aceae ending to denote family; N.L. fem. pl. n. Lachnospiraceae the Lachnospira family. Firmicutes / “Clostridia” / Clostridiales / “Lachnospiraceae” Keywords: Lachnospiraceae fam. nov; Lachnospira; Clostridia class. nov.; Clostridiales
Neurosurgical treatment for spastic equinus secondary to cerebral palsy

Objective To evaluate the effect of L4-S1 selective posterior rhizotomy for spastic equinus secondary to cerebral palsy. Methods Fifteen patients with spastic equinus secondary to cerebral palsy were selected for this study. The dorsal roots of L4-S1 were exposed through a L4-S1 laminectomy. Three to five rootlets from each root were electrically stimulated with a concentric needle electrode. The muscle responses were observed visually and registered by electromyography. Those rootlets with a much lower threshold were divided. The spastic degree of plantar flexor was assessed according to Ashworth scale 1 week before and 6 months after the operation. Results Reduction of spasticity was observed in plantar flexors. All the patients presented functional improvement of motor abilities without any complications. Conclusion Selective posterior rhizotomy (SPR) from L4-S1 dorsal roots is an effective procedure for spastic equinus secondary to cerebral palsy, howerer, the indications should be controlled strictly.
Comparison of Methods for Forecasting Yellow Rust in Winter Wheat at Regional Scale

Yellow rust (YR) is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat. To prevent the prevalence of the disease more effectively, it is important to forecast it at an early stage. To date, most disease forecasting models were developed based on meteorological data at a specific site with a long-term record. Such models allow only local disease prediction, yet have a problem to be extended to a broader region. However, given the YR usually occurs in a vast area, it is necessary to develop a large-scale disease forecasting model for prevention. To answer this call, in this study, based on several disease sensitive meteorological factors, we attempted to use Bayesian network (BNT), BP neural network (BP), support vector machine (SVM), and fisher liner discriminant analysis (FLDA) to develop YR forecasting models. Within Gansu Province, an important disease epidemic region in China, a time series field survey data that collected on multiple years (2010-2012) were used to conduct effective calibration and validation for the model. The results showed that most methods are able to produce reasonable estimations except FLDA. In addition, the temporal dispersal process of YR can be successfully delineated by BNT, BP and SVM. The three methods of BNT, BP and SVM are of great potential in development of disease forecasting model at a regional scale. In future, to further improve the model performance in disease forecasting, it is important to include additional biological and geographical information that are important for disease spread in the model development.
The Role of Surgery in Neonatal Respiratory Distress

Compression of the newborn's lungs by one or another type of space-occupying lesion results in a crisis that can be dealt with only through immediate differential diagnosis followed by appropriate surgery. Most common among these space-occupying lesions are those caused by air trapped inside the pleural cavity or within the lung itself. Dr. Pickett outlines the steps in the essential differentiation and correction.
Thoughts About Meeting the ABET Safety Requirements For Chemical Engineering Programs

Safety was first listed as a criterion for Chemical Engineering programs for the 2012-13 ABET accreditation cycle. In order to address this criterion, chemical engineering departments have been developing methods to incorporate safety into their program. The University of Iowa satisfies this criterion through a required junior-level chemical process safety course that was first offered during the Spring 1996 semester. A major laboratory component was added to this course in 1998 to provide students with numerous hands on experiences. While a dedicated chemical process safety course is the most straightforward method of addressing this ABET criterion, the criterion can also be addressed by incorporating safety into existing courses.
Generalized algebra of currents and Regge poles

By using the generalized algebra of currents based upon commutators on the light cone, one can show that one can re-interpret Regge trajectories in terms of our generalized commutators. In this way, the correspondence between our theory and Regge's is one to one, and we can derive many results of Regge poles without invoking the concept of complex angular momentum. Resides, many sum rules for the high energy scattering cross-sections are obtained.
A Catalogue of Altered Salivary Proteins Secondary to Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: A Novel In Vivo Paradigm to Assess Breast Cancer Progression

The objective of this manuscript is to introduce a catalogue of salivary proteins that are altered secondary to carcinoma of the breast. The catalogue of salivary proteins is a compilation of twenty years of research by the authors and consists of 233 high and low abundant proteins which have been identified by LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry, 2D-gel analysis and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The body of research suggests that saliva is a fluid suffused with solubilized by-products of oncogenic expression and that these proteins may be useful in the study of breast cancer progress, treatment efficacy and the tailoring of individualized patient care.
Einführung einer internen sozialen Kollaborationsplattform bei Volkswagen

Group Connect als Werkzeug fur eine moderne Arbeitsorganisation: „Group Connect“ ist die Social-Business-Collaboration-Plattform der Volkswagen AG. Mit der Plattform will der Konzern vor allem drei Ziele erreichen: Eine bessere Abstimmung zwischen den Mitarbeitern ermoglichen, eine offenere Kultur fordern und einem intensiveren Wissens- und Erfahrungsaustausch Raum geben. Sie soll Dialoge fordern, sowohl zwischen den Mitarbeitern als auch zwischen Mitarbeitern und Fuhrungskraften. Das Resultat ist letztlich eine bessere, effizientere Zusammenarbeit sowie ein hoherer Vernetzungsgrad aller Ebenen. Group Connect legt bei Volkswagen den Grundstein fur eine moderne Arbeitsorganisation und ist zugleich Treiber fur Innovationskultur.
The Relationship of Nonprofits’ Financial Health to Program Outcomes: Empirical Evidence From Nonprofit Arts Organizations:

Financial measures are routinely used as a proxy for nonprofit organizations’ capacity to serve, but the link between financial indicators and program outcomes has been largely unexamined. This stu...
Stress Increase of Unbonded Tendons in Continuous Posttensioned Members

AbstractA database of 253 unbonded tendon-reinforced members was assembled and analyzed with a focus on Δfps. Large scatter was observed and gaps were identified in previous databases due to possibly unsuitable inclusion of certain testing programs. The influence of several geometric and material properties was analyzed using a covariance analysis, and significant differences between simple-span and continuous members were observed, although some prediction methods do not differentiate between the two. The assembled prediction models for Δfps had evaluation statistics ranging from 1.84 < λ < 4.11 and 0.06 < R2 < 0.16 and indicating relatively poor accuracy and precision. Modifications to the scaled plastic hinge length ψ for different subsets (simple span, continuous, internally unbonded, and externally unbonded) were suggested to provide the most accurate and precise prediction when compared with the available methods. The proposed method, a modified version of the bridge design code prediction, provides...
Combining radiocarbon and cosmogenic ages to constrain the timing of the last glacial-interglacial transition in the Uinta Mountains, Utah, USA

Twenty lake sediment cores extracted upstream from Last Glacial Maximum terminal moraines constrain the timing of the glacial-interglacial transition in the Uinta Mountains, Utah (USA). The stratigraphy observed in the cores, and accelerator mass spectrometry 14 C dating of inorganic silty clay beneath gyttja, temporally constrain local deglaciation. The majority of basal ages fall within the Bolling-Allerod interval, with strong overlap at ca. 12.7 cal. (calibrated) kyr B.P. This convergence matches regional evidence of rising temperatures, increasing aridity, falling pluvial lake levels, and glacial retreat near the end of the last glacial-interglacial transition. Normalized estimates of glacier terminus retreat and elevation rise in the Uinta Mountains and elsewhere in the Rocky Mountains derived from consideration of cosmogenic ages on terminal moraines consistently average ∼10%/k.y. between ca. 20 and 13 ka, implying a regionally uniform climate forcing during deglaciation. Minor variations between these rates likely reflect hypsometric effects during deglaciation. Seven lakes dammed by cirque-floor moraines have basal ages within, or slightly younger than, the Younger Dryas interval, suggesting advances of favorably located cirque glaciers before the glacial-interglacial transition was complete.
National activism and symbolic space: The struggle for Riga’s cathedral church in 1931

ABSTRACTDuring the period of democratic rule 1918–1934, the newly formed Republic of Latvia adopted policies toward the state’s ethnic minority populations that have been lauded then and now as progressive and democratic. The adoption of such policies created a climate in which ethnic minority politicians and publicists could advocate for inclusive stances toward national belonging in the new republic. The economic distress of the early 1930s and ensuing political turmoil served to undermine such advances, however, leading to a deterioration in relations, of which the struggle for control of Riga’s cathedral church was emblematic. The conflict over Riga’s largest church showed both the potential and the limitations of civic nationalism in interwar Latvia.
Great Expectations--Really! The Curvilinear Relationship Between Optimism and Performance

Past research has shown mixed results with regard to the relationship between optimism and performance. While some studies showed that optimism is positively related to performance, others showed t...
LNG Terminal Development Facilities in Latvia Basing on the Experience of Other States

Liquefaction of natural gas provides great opportunities for its trade transportation, making it cost-effective and accessible to places where installing pipelines is impossible or economically unjustified. Liquefied natural gas also opens opportunities for market diversification, if the region is tied to one supplier, as it is in Latvia, with potential positive effects on both the market price and the region's energy security. In view of the growing LNG trade and transport industry, the article studies the possibility to import natural gas in liquefied form. Neither Latvia or Estonia has large-scale facilities to import natural gas in liquefied form. The only natural gas sources are natural gas imported from Russia through piping. Latvia and Estonia can import and store liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which is the drained by-product of natural gas extraction and liquefaction process, ethane and butane. Lithuania has the only LNG import terminal in the Baltic countries. The aim of the study is to understand the feasibility and validity of constructing a LNG terminal in Latvian territory based on the Lithuanian experience. The study will conclude that it is possible to build a competitive LNG import terminal in Latvia on condition that natural gas is not stored in liquid form, and will recommend to include such LNG terminal in the national development plan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/cbme.2017.009
Dermatologic adverse events in breast cancer patients receiving endocrine therapies.

e12533Background: Endocrine therapies are known to cause adverse events including hot flashes, arthralgias, and dyspareunia. Dermatologic adverse events (dAE), including alopecia are infrequently reported, despite their potential impact on quality of life (QoL). This study aims to characterize endocrine therapy-related dAE including alopecia, acne, xerosis, and onychodystrophy. Methods: A retrospective chart review (2005-2015) of patients referred to the dermatology service for dermatologic conditions developing during endocrine therapies was performed. Relevant data was abstracted from each patient’s medical record including demographics, primary cancer diagnosis, and dAEs by grade (CTCAE v4.03). The psychosocial impact of alopecia was assessed in a subset of patients using a QoL questionnaire (Hairdex), which includes the following domains: ‘emotions’, ‘functioning’, ‘symptoms’, ‘stigmatization’ and ‘self-confidence’. Results: A total of 74 breast cancer patients treated with endocrine therapies were in...
Centering Indigenous Knowledge: Three Southwestern Tribal College and University Library Collections

At tribal colleges and universities, libraries are challenged to serve Indigenous communities while supporting Western formal education. In this article, we examine three tribal higher education in...
Alterations in the nigrostriatal dopamine system after acute systemic PhIP exposure

Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are primarily formed during cooking of meat at high temperature. HCAs have been extensively studied as mutagens and possible carcinogens. Emerging data suggest that HCAs are neurotoxic and may be relevant to Parkinson's disease (PD) etiology. However, the majority of HCAs have not been evaluated for in vivo neurotoxicity. Here, we investigated acute in vivo neurotoxicity of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). PhIP is the most prevalent genotoxin in many types of meats. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to acute, systemic PhIP at doses and time-points that have been extensively utilized in cancer studies (100 and 200 mg/kg for 8, 24 h) and evaluated for changes in dopaminergic, serotoninergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmission. PhIP exposure resulted in decreased striatal dopamine metabolite levels and dopamine turnover in the absence of changes to vesicular monoamine transporter 2 levels; other neurotransmitter systems were unaffected. Quantification of intracellular nitrotyrosine revealed higher levels of oxidative damage in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra after PhIP exposure, while other neuronal populations were less sensitive. These changes occurred in the absence of an overt lesion to the nigrostriatal dopamine system. Collectively, our study suggests that acute PhIP treatment in vivo targets the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system and that PhIP should be further examined in chronic, low-dose studies for PD relevance.
Intraoperative Considerations for Treatment/Prevention of Prosthetic Joint Infection

Innovative measures have recently been proposed to prevent periprosthetic joint infection following total hip and knee arthroplasty. We sought to review these recent innovations to determine the reported reduction in periprosthetic joint infection. The most recent literature demonstrates promising results in regard to hydrofiber dressings as an independent risk factor for primary prosthetic joint infection reduction, which in turn is also linked with cost savings. As our understanding of safe yet effective concentrations of antiseptic solutions develops, dilute betadine in particular has demonstrated encouraging efficacy which warrants continued investigation through controlled trials. In summary, we found that the application of a hydrofiber dressing may prove beneficial in decreasing the risk of prosthetic joint infection following primary total hip and knee arthroplasty. The gold standard for an infection prevention protocol continues to be explored and optimized.
Periocular Lentigo Maligna: To Treat or Not to Treat?

Lentigo maligna (LM) affecting the periocular skin represents a challenge in its diagnosis and management. LM has a very slow rate of malignant transformation; however, with our aging population the progression towards malignant melanoma is concerning and can have potential life threatening consequences. We present a case of a 79-year-old male with a suspicious LM, who underwent surgical excision and reconstruction, to discuss the treatment options and suggest guidelines when confronting these controversial cases.
Cytosol progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone levels and luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin receptors in human corpora lutea

Cytosol progesterone (P) and 17 α -hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) levels and luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin (LH/hCG) receptors were measured in 27 corpora lutea and four corpora albicantia. Cytosol P concentrations were highest in corpora lutea (mean ± SEM, 3.1 ± 0.8 μ g/g) during the midluteal phase (days 15 to 19) rather than the early (2.2 ± 0.8 μ g/g, days 20 to 25) and late luteal phases (1.8 ± 0.8 μ g/g, days 26 to 30). Cytosol 17-OHP concentrations also were 3.3 ± 0.5, 4.3 ± 0.6, and 3.3 ± 1.0 μ g/g in early, midluteal, and late luteal phases, respectively, and was significantly inversely correlated with occupied LH/hCG receptors in midluteal phase. Corpora albicantia had the lowest P (0.3 ± 0.05 μ g/g) and 17-OHP (0.9 ± 0.6 μ g/g) concentrations. Cytosol P and 17-OHP may therefore reflect the balance between the luteal cell production and secretion, whereas the amount of occupied and unoccupied LH/hCG receptors may partially explain the relationship between LH and P secretion.
The in vivo disposition of aflatoxin B1 in rat liver.

The disposition of a non-toxic i.p. dose of [3H]-aflatoxin B1 (0.70 μg/kg) in the blood, plasma, and liver was studied in male Wistar rats. Uptake into the blood, plasma, and liver was biphasic; there was an initial rapid rise (0–2 hr) followed by a second phase (2–12 hr) of a gradual increase. Most of the radioactivity in the blood was bound noncovalently to albumin. Distribution of radioactivity in the subcellular fractions of liver showed that the microsomes exhibited the highest labeling which increased over the time course; labeling of the cytosol reached a maximum at 2 hr then decreased to a new steady state, whereas the mitochondria and nuclei reached a plateau. When the content of aflatoxin B1 in the nuclear subfractions was examined, greater than 92% of the total radioactivity was found in the deoxyribonucleoprotein fraction, and 84% of this was bound noncovalently. These results suggest that aflatoxin B1 is transported from the site of injection through the blood to the liver and its subcellular and subnuclear fractions primarily in a noncovalent form.
Effective area calibration of the nuclear spectroscopic telescope array (NuSTAR)

The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray (NuSTAR) has been in orbit for 6 years, and with the calibration data accumulated over that period we have taken a new look at the effective area calibration. The NuSTAR 10-m focal length is achieved using an extendible mast, which flexes due to solar illumination. This results in individual observations sampling a range of off-axis angles rather than a particular off-axis angle. In our new approach, we have split over 50 individual Crab observations into segments at particular off-axis angles. We combine segments from different observations at the same off-axis angle to generate a new set of synthetic spectra, which we use to calibrate the vignetting function of the optics against the canonical Crab spectrum.
Gaos y la religión

At first sight, one may be confused when finds that Jose Gaos rejected the possibilty of knowing something about God and at the same time insisted on Its necessity. Nevertheless, a deeper analysis on Gaos's thought about religion shows that this position is consistent with his vitalism.
Exposure Science: Pharmacokinetic Modeling

In this chapter, the interpretation of biomonitoring data is used as an example to demonstrate how quantitative tools are used to evaluate the likelihood of adverse effects occurring due to exposures to a substance. These tools include exposure models that aggregate all major contributing exposure factors to estimate intake, and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models that can estimate internal dose resulting from specified exposure intakes. Reverse dosimetry is a complementary approach that provides a useful perspective on the implications of biomonitoring data from a human health risk perspective. In either approach, exposure and PBPK models are used to integrate information on the pharmacokinetics of the compound and information on the nature of exposures to the compound. In the case of non-persistent compounds, quantitative interpretation of biomonitoring data can best be accomplished by linking PBPK models with exposure pathway models within a probabilistic framework in order to consider exposure uncertainty and human inter-individual variability. The steps in both forward and reverse dosimetry are described in this chapter, and their value is discussed in relation to the nature of the biomonitoring data that is available and the persistence characteristics of different compounds.
Thirty-day mortality following interventional line or drain placement among hospitalized cancer patients.

e18222Background: Percutaneous lines and drains provide a less invasive alternative to operative procedures for patients with cancer. We categorized outcomes for placements among solid tumor patien...
Migration background and overall satisfaction with pre-hospital emergency care

Abstract Objectives This study was designed to explore how sociodemographic factors of the patient/patient's relatives including migrant status and service-related aspects influence overall satisfaction with pre-hospital emergency care. Methods A descriptive–analytical study was conducted on 218 persons (57 migrants and 161 nonmigrants) who had received pre-hospital emergency care directly (as a patient) or indirectly (as a significant other) in Germany. Sociodemographic data and service-related aspects were entered into a hierarchical regression analysis in order to identify their influence on overall satisfaction. Results Altogether, 58.3% of the variance of the overall satisfaction with pre-hospital emergency care can be explained by the final model. Of this sum, only 9.8% is explained by sociodemographic factors and 47.3% by service-related aspects. Migrant status per se did not show any significant influence, whereas no or a basic level of German language skills is significantly negatively associated with overall satisfaction. Professional and emotional/social competencies of the emergency personnel are significantly positively associated with overall satisfaction with pre-hospital emergency care. Conclusions Sociodemographic-related factors, excepted from language skills, seem to be largely unrelated to overall satisfaction with pre-hospital emergency care. Service-related factors such as the emergency personnel's professional and social/emotional competencies appear as the main factors determining overall satisfaction with pre-hospital emergency care.
Extracellular and intercellular force distribution in circularly shaped epithelia

Abstract Stress homeostasis in multicellular organisms is essential to tissue growth, development, and repair. However, how cellular forces are generated and transmitted within a multicellular organism to maintain stress homeostasis remains poorly understood. Here we employ cellular force microscopies to quantify extracellular traction and intercellular tension of circularly shaped cohesive epithelia seeded on hydrogels of various stiffness. Our experimental measurements show that the traction force is both colony size and gel stiffness dependent. A minimal mechanics model is developed and predicts exponential decay of extracellular traction from the periphery to the center of the epithelial monolayers, which agrees with the experimental data. Our modeling analyses further show that the colony size and gel stiffness dependent traction is originated from the line tension effect and stiffness-dependent cell contractility, respectively. Our study lays down a foundation for future modeling and experimental measurements of cellular force generation, transmission, and distribution in multicellular organisms, which is critical to mechanobiological understanding of normal and disease development.
Developing Therapies for Age-related Macular Degeneration: The Art and Science of Problem-solving: The 2018 Charles L. Schepens, MD, Lecture

Purpose To review the roles of analytic and innovative thought in advancing knowledge, using past examples in ophthalmology, and to explore potential strategies to improve our understanding of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and develop new therapies. Design Presented as the 2018 Charles L. Schepens, MD, Lecture at the American Academy of Ophthalmology Retina Subspecialty Day, Chicago, Illinois, on October 26, 2018. Participants None. Methods Review of published literature and sources on creativity and innovation. Main Outcome Measures Recommendations for future AMD research. Results Innovative solutions to problems often seem intuitively obvious in hindsight. Yet, some problems seem impossible to solve. In the 1990s, AMD was a significant unmet need, with only destructive therapies for neovascular disease. This changed with the development of 2 therapies: (1) verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) and (2) anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies, which are now administered to millions of people annually around the world. Now, we are frustrated by the lack of therapies for early and intermediate AMD and geographic atrophy. Photodynamic therapy and anti-VEGF drug development occurred through a combination of analytic thought and creative disruption through innovation. To get past our current impasse in understanding and treating AMD, we need to harness both analysis and innovation. We have many important building blocks in place—information on genetics, clinical findings, imaging, and histology—and have identified key pathways and potential therapeutic targets. Perhaps we need additional investigation, analysis, and integration to improve our understanding through work on structure/function and genotype/phenotype correlations and development of imaging and systemic biomarkers. We likely also need an innovative disruption. This innovation might be the concept that there are subtypes of early and intermediate AMD characterized by specific clinical phenotypes, genotype, functional characteristics, and biomarkers that are dependent on particular pathways and treatable with a specific agent. We need to encourage innovation in each of us within our research and clinical community. Conclusions Although we have accumulated extensive knowledge about AMD, we are currently at an impasse in the development of new treatments. We need to continue the analytic process, but at the same time encourage innovative disruption to develop successful AMD therapies.
Intracellular Dye Microinjection in Retinal Morphological and Communication Studies

The retina provides an excellent system to analyze neural architecture and communication mechanisms. In retinal physiological, morphological, and developmental studies, intracellular dye microinjection is an extensively applied technique. Dyes and/or chemical compounds are introduced into retinal neurons via iontophoresis injection to identify cell types, communication, and developmental changes. Here, we describe the detailed methods for ejecting the dyes Lucifer yellow and Neurobiotin into retinal neurons through micropipette and concentrate on avoiding the known pitfalls and troubleshooting.
Contributions to ΔNeff from the dark photon of U(1)T3R

We consider the effect on early Universe cosmology of the dark photon associated with the gauging of $U(1{)}_{T3R}$, a symmetry group under which only right-handed Standard Model fermions transform nontrivially. We find that cosmological constraints on this scenario are qualitatively much more severe than on other well-studied cases of a new $U(1)$ gauge group, because the dark photon couples to chiral fermions. In particular, the dark photon of $U(1{)}_{T3R}$ is always produced and equilibrates in the early Universe, no matter how small the gauge coupling, unless the symmetry-breaking scale is extremely large. This occurs because, no matter how the weak the coupling, the Goldstone mode (equivalently, the longitudinal polarization) does not decouple. As a result, even the limit of an extremely light and weakly coupled dark photon of $U(1{)}_{T3R}$ is effectively ruled out by cosmological constraints, unless the symmetry-breaking scale is extremely large. We also discuss the possibility of ameliorating the Hubble tension in this model.
AgKit4EE: A toolkit for agricultural land use modeling of the conterminous United States based on Google Earth Engine

Abstract Google Earth Engine (GEE) is an ideal platform for large-scale geospatial agricultural and environmental modeling based on its diverse geospatial datasets, easy-to-use application programming interface (API), rich reusable library, and high-performance computational capacity. However, using GEE to prepare geospatial data requires not only the skills of programming languages like JavaScript and Python, but also the knowledge of GEE APIs and data catalog. This paper presents the AgKit4EE toolkit to facilitate the use of the Cropland Data Layer (CDL) product over the GEE platform. This toolkit contains a variety of frequently used functions for use of CDL including crop sequence modeling, crop frequency modeling, confidence layer modeling, and land use change analysis. The experimental results suggest that the proposed software can significantly reduce the workload for modelers who conduct geospatial agricultural and environmental modeling with CDL data as well as developers who build the GEE-enabled geospatial cyberinfrastructure for agricultural land use modeling of the conterminous United States. AgKit4EE is an open source and it is free to use, modify, and distribute. The latest release of AgKit4EE can be imported to any modeling workflow developed using GEE Code Editor ( https://code.earthengine.google.com/?accept_repo=users/czhang11/agkit4ee ). The source code, examples, documentation, user community, and wiki pages are available on GitHub ( https://github.com/czhang11/agkit4ee ).
Comments on “An Agile-Based Integrated Framework for Mobile Application Development Considering Ilities”

In the above article [1] , the authors propose an agile-based integrated framework for mobile app development. The authors [1] call the integrated challenges as mobile Ilities in the proposed framework for mobile app development, and the framework includes seven Ilities; Connectivity, Interoperability, Flexibility, Energy, Device Heterogeneity, Platforms, and Data security. We point out that the framework proposed by the authors [1] does not cover the scalability aspect in mobile app development.