cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expression and Cellular Compartmentalization of a Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Protein (ICP 10) in Productively Infected and Cervical Tumor Cells

Antiserum to ICP 10, a herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) protein that is expressed in cells neoplastically transformed by viral DNA sequences within the Bgl II/Hpa I CD fragment, specifically precipitates the ICP 10 protein from HSV-2 infected cells and stains cells infected with HSV-2 for 4 to 16 hrs by indirect immunofluorescence. At 4 hr post infection (p.i.), the staining is primarily perinuclear, while at 16 hr p.i., it is cytoplasmic and intranuclear. Compartmentalization studies indicate that the 35S-[L]-methionine labeled ICP 10 is detectable in both the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions early and late in infection. However, in its phosphorylated form, ICP 10 is undectable in the nuclear fraction late in the viral reproductive cycle. Anti-ICP 10 serum stains a high (75%-83%) proportion of cervical tissue with pathological findings of dysplasia or carcinoma, as well as atypical exfoliated cells from these patients. Cervical tumor tissue from 4 of 12 patients also stains with antiserum to another ...
Sin: good or bad? A T lymphocyte perspective.

Summary: Stimulation of T cells through their antigen receptor induces a multitude of signaling networks that regulate T cell activation in the form of cytokine production and T cell proliferation. Multiple signal integration sites exist along these pathways in the form of multiprotein signaling complexes, the formation of which is facilitated by adapter and scaffold molecules. In recent years a number of adapter and scaffold molecules have been described in T cells and shown to play an integral part in T cell function. Among these molecules are proteins that function as positive or negative regulators of T cell activation downstream of the activated T cell receptor (TCR). Here, we discuss the role of a small family of multiadapter proteins on T cell activation, the p130Cas family, with emphasis on one of its members, Sin (Src-interacting protein). Our results suggest that Sin inhibits thymocyte development and T cell activation and is a novel negative regulator of T lymphocyte function.
Si–SiC nanocomposite anodes synthesized using high-energy mechanical milling

Abstract The Si–SiC nanocomposites were synthesized by high-energy mechanical milling (HEMM) using two different starting mixtures, Si:SiC=1:2 and Si:C=3:2. Both mixtures result in amorphous silicon and nanocrystalline silicon carbide as confirmed by XRD results. The Si–SiC nanocomposite corresponding to Si:SiC=1:2 obtained after milling for 30 h shows a capacity as high as ∼370 mAh/g. The nanocomposite synthesized using HEMM for 24 h from a mixture corresponding to Si:C=3:2 also exhibits a stable capacity of ∼370 mAh/g. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis shows that SiC nanocrystallites ≅10 nm in size are distributed homogeneously within the nanocomposite. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) maps of C suggests that SiC is uniformly present within the particles.
Prediction of Allosteric Linkages in Proteins

Cells often control protein activity using allostery, in which a functional site is controlled by interactions at a remote allosteric site. Although much is known about functional sites in proteins, less is known about the allosteric sites that control them. We are developing a method for high-throughput prediction of linkages between functional sites and allosteric sites. Our approach is distinct from previous computational methods to study allosteric linkages [1,2,3]: it works by seeking relatively strong thermodynamic linkages between interactions at a functional site and interactions at all possible allosteric sites on the protein surface. To implement the method, we use a coarse-grained model that enables fast predictions using a highly scalable algorithm: this approach enables predictions to be made in a few minutes per processor for a typical protein. We illustrate the method and characterize its performance using results from several test cases. The results are consistent with known allosteric linkages in proteins, and yield new insights into allosteric mechanisms.1. D. Ming and M.E. Wall. Allostery in a coarse-grained model of protein dynamics. 2005. Phys Rev Lett 95:198301.2. C. Chennubhotla, I. Bahar. Markov propagation of allosteric effects in biomolecular systems: application to GroEL-GroES. 2006. Mol Syst Biol 2:36.3. V.J. Hilser, E.B. Thompson. Intrinsic disorder as a mechanism to optimize allosteric coupling in proteins. 2007. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:8311-8315.
Analytical Optimization of Coating Properties for Actuators and Sensors

An elasticity solution is presented for the problem of a continuous cylindrically shaped coated sensor/actuator embedded in a material system subjected to transverse strains. Results are presented for an AS4/epon 828 material system containing fiber optic sensors coated with dif ferent interphase materials. These data demonstrate that an optimal coating stiffness and thickness exists which minimizes the stress state in the host material. The optimal interphase corresponds to an integrated material system whose transverse stiffness values are similar to the host material. The results suggest that with the optimal interphase region, the onset of damage can successfully be delayed and may provide a material system whose transverse strength rivals that of the host material. Design curves are also presented for optimizing the interphase coating thickness and modulus for a general family of sensors and actuators.
Use of the Minimum Data Set to Rate Incontinence Severity

OBJECTIVES: To assess the relationship of the MDS incontinence severity ratings to direct measures of incontinence frequency. DESIGN: Two methods of measuring incontinence were compared: the MDS rating as recorded by nursing home (NH) staff and physical checks for wetness performed by research staff. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A total sample of 293 older residents from nine nursing homes located in Iowa, the State of Washington, and the Los Angeles area were assessed once. A subsample of 49 incontinent residents were assessed twice, before and after the implementation of a prompted voiding program. INTERVENTION: This study is a part of a larger study evaluating the use of a computer-aided incontinence management system (IMS). Incontinent residents were assessed, and, if they met predefined criteria, they were treated with prompted voiding. MEASUREMENTS: Three measures of incontinence were used: the MDS rating recorded by NH staff, physical checks for wetness performed by NH staff while assessing residents for and treating them with prompted voiding, and physical checks for wetness performed independently by research staff. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant correlation (r = .49; P ≤.001) between research staff wet checks and the MDS ratings, but wetness checks performed by NH staff had an insignificant correlation with MDS ratings (r = .003; P < 0.914). There was wide variability within and between NHs in the correlation. For residents who were placed on the prompted voiding program, the pre to post wet rate, as measured by research staff, improved significantly (from 28 to 14%; t = 6.73; df= 48; P < .001), whereas the pre to post MDS ratings did not change significantly (from 1.7 to 2.0; t = −1.42;df=4S;P< .075). CONCLUSIONS: Although the MDS appears to identify incontinent NH residents accurately, its clinical utility may be limited by disagreements between actual wet check data and MDS categorical severity rankings for residents known to be incontinent. The wide variability between direct observational measures of wetness and the MDS scores denoting incontinence severity we observed may limit the potential usefulness of the MDS for detecting changes in incontinence severity. It is possible that more information and instructions are needed for staff completing the MDS if the goal is to discriminate between different levels of incontinence severity and measure changes over time in response to therapeutic interventions.
A sensitive direct-writing plethysmograph

A detailed description of this new simple pneumoplethysmograph utilizing an electronic transducer is presented. It is valuable in clinical work as it can record systolic blood pressure at various points on the extremities, volume pulsations of the toe or finger, relative blood flow, potential blood flow, peripheral resistance, vasomotor activity, and other vascular phenomena.
On the rotation of Mercury

A planar, fixed-orbit model of the rotation of the planet Mercury is analyzed. The model includes only the solar torques on the planet's permanent asymmetry and its solar tidal bulge. For this model, it is shown that the zero of the averaged tidal torque corresponds to an asymptotically stable periodic solution of the second kind which, for two tidal torque representations, is close to the asymptotically stable equilibrium point corresponding to an exact 3∶2 spin-orbit resonance. A conjecture that the current rotation state of Mercury is due to transfer from capture by the zero of the averaged tidal torque to 3∶2 resonance capture with changes in the eccentricity of the planet's orbit is discussed briefly.
Optimizing integration of electrosurgical hand controls within a laparoscopic surgical tool.

AbstractIn laparoscopic surgery, electrosurgical equipment is operated by means of one or more foot pedals positioned on the floor in front of the surgeon causing poor ergonomic posture and physical discomfort. The focus of this study was to ergonomically explore the integration of electrosurgical hand controls within the previously designed Intuitool™ laparoscopic surgical instrument to optimize functionality. Three different hand control designs (CDs) were implemented within the Intuitool™ and each CD contained the standard cutting and coagulation features, previously operated by foot pedals. This study used 26 right-handed participants, with no previous laparoscopic surgery experience. The participants completed simple tasks using all three CDs within a simulated abdomen. Electromyography (EMG) sensors and force sense resistors (FSRs) were utilized to measure muscle activity and button actuation force, respectively. A questionnaire was also utilized to measure comfort level of each CD. The results indi...
Inclusion Polymerization and Doping in Zeolite Channels: Polyaniline

Abstract Aniline has been polymerized in the three-dimensional channel system of zeolite Y. The monomer was diffused into zeolites with different levels of acidity from hexane solution. Subsequent admission of peroxydisulfate or iodate from aqueous solution yielded the intrazeolite polymers, as demonstrated by FT-IR, electronic absorption data and recovery of the included polymer. With S2O8 2-, the intrazeolite products are a function of the proton content of the zeolite. Polymer is only formed when a sufficient supply of protons is present in the zeolite host. When neutral iodate solution is used, no polymer is formed in NaY and acid zeolites, but at low pH aniline polymerizes in all zeolites. The open pore system of the zeolite host can be accessed by base such that the intrazeolite protonated polymer is transformed into the corresponding neutral polymer. The polymer chains encapsulated in zeolite hosts represent a new class of low- dimensional electronic materials.
Telomerase and human tumorigenesis.

Human cancer cells, unlike their normal counterparts, have shed the molecular restraints to limited cell growth and are immortal. Exactly how cancer cells manage this at the molecular level is beginning to be understood. Human cells must overcome two barriers to cellular proliferation. The first barrier, referred to as senescence, minimally involves the p53 and Rb tumor-suppressor pathways. Inactivation of these pathways results in some extension of lifespan. However, inactivation of these pathways is insufficient for immortalization. As normal cells undergo repeated rounds of DNA replication, their telomeres shorten due to the inability of traditional DNA polymerases to completely replicate the end of the chromosomal DNA. This shortening continues until the cells reach a second proliferative block referred to as crisis, which is characterized by chromosomal instability, end-to-end fusions, and cell death. Stabilization of the telomeric DNA through either telomerase activation or the activation of the alternative mechanism of telomere maintenance (ALT) is essential if the cells are to survive and proliferate indefinitely. Conversely, loss of telomere stabilization by an already-immortalized cell results in loss of immortality and cell death. Together this indicates that telomere maintenance is a critical component of immortality. In this review we attempt to describe our current understanding of the role of telomere maintenance in senescence, crisis, and tumorigenesis.
Zero-temperature attenuation and transverse spin dynamics in Fermi liquids. II: Dilute Fermi systems

This is the second in a series of papers on a consistent microscopic theory of transverse dynamics in spin-polarized or binary Fermi liquids. We demonstrate when and how the exact theory of Ref. 1 reduces to the conventional theory of highly polarized degenerate low-density Fermi liquids and gases. In the lowest approximations, i.e. for an ideal polarized Fermi gas and in the first (Born) order, our theory assumes the standard form. In the next order in density and/or interaction, the main equations still have a fairly conventional form, though they already contain the peculiar zero-temperature attenuation which is missing in the standard theory. This attenuation can be incorporated into the standard Fermi liquid formalism by adding an imaginary part to a mixed spin component of the Landau interaction function. The source of this imaginary contribution atT = 0 is a pole in the integral expression for the Landau interaction function (the situation is very similar to the case of collisionless Landau damping). In the next order, the standard theory fails completely, and even the form of the equations of transverse dynamics becomes very unconventional. We calculated explicitly the parameters of transverse spin dynamics and the spectrum of spin waves, including the zero-temperature attenuation, and, as a by-product, the polarization dependencies of thermodynamic parameters. The calculation includes a possible non-locality of the interaction. An application of the results to3He↑-4He mixtures covers the non-locality in the direct interaction channel as well as the non-locality and retardation associated with a phonon-mediated part of particles' interaction.
Zeeman scanning of hydroxyl and zinc absorption line profiles in flames at atmospheric and reduced pressure

Abstract Absorption line profiles have been determined in laminar, premixed, shielded flames at atmospheric and at reduced ±0·1A with a variable magnetic field. Line profiles of one atomic zinc line and two rotational lines in the 0,0 band of the 2 Σ + − 2 Π transition of OH have been measured in the flames. Values for the damping parameter a values of the lines and average values for collision cross sections are derived from these profiles for OH and Zn lines in flames at pressures from 50 to 760 torr and temperatures from 2100° to 2300°K. The dependence of the damping parameter on overall flame pressure agrees with theoretical predictions.
Experimental studies on the transfer of 65Zn in high concentration by euphausiids

Abstract The uptake and elimination of 65Zn by Euphausia pacifica, in ‘clean’ sea water and in several concentrations of radioactive phytoplankton food, have been measured at 10 °C. Measurement was done on time schedules to simulate those which vertically-migrating euphausiids would spend in and out of a hypothetical 65Zn pool at the sea surface at different seasons of the year in temperate latitudes. From a knowledge of the total 65Zn body burdens reached at any time t, and of the mechanisms and rates of loss of 65Zn in radioactive and non-radioactive water, transfer of 65Zn via euphausiids from the ‘hot’ surface pool to non-radioactive water below may be assessed. With inital concentrations of 25μ Ci65Zn/l, equilibrium body burdens were achieved in ‘clean’ sea water in about four days under all time schedules. The level of equilibrium body burden was a function of time schedule (time spent in the radioactive solution). In radioactive food, equilibrium body burdens were not reached in five days. Below about 105 cells/ml, uptake through food was a function of food concentration, but was not apparently affected by food concentrations above 105 cells/ml. When uptake was from ‘clean’ sea water, elimination was by molting of the animal's chitinous exoskeleton and by exchange with non-radioactive water. When uptake was from labelled food, elimination was from fecal pellet deposition as well as molting and exchange. Molting, exchange, and fecal pellet deposition represented different percentage losses from total body burden, depending largely upon the time the animal spent in and out of 65Zn and the source of 65Zn (water or food). Summations of these losses have been used to estimate transfer of 65Zn by euphausiids from a ‘hot’ surface pool to waters below the pool.
Predictors of Colorectal Cancer Following a Negative Colonoscopy in the Medicare Population

Background The incidence of colorectal cancer following a normal colonoscopy in the Medicare population is not known.
Delta production by pion charge exchange on complex nuclei

We have used the (..pi../sup -/,..pi../sup 0/) reaction at a beam energy of 475 MeV on targets of /sup 1/H, /sup 2/H, C, and /sup 90/Zr to examine excitations near 300 MeV. At this excitation energy, delta production is expected to occur by charge exchange on a nucleon. Our (..pi../sup -/,..pi../sup 0/) results for delta production in complex nuclei are compared to those for photoabsorption, (p,n), and (/sup 3/He,t) reactions. The target mass dependence of the absorption for the three charge-exchange reactions is found to be similar.
Ab initio phasing in protein crystallography

The central problem in the determination of protein structures form x-ray diffraction dada (x-ray crystallography) corresponds to a phase retrieval problem with undersampled amplitude data. Algorithms for this problem that have an increased radius of convergence have the potential for reducing the amount of experimental work, and cost, involved in determining protein structures. We describe such an algorithm. Application of the algorithm to a simulated crystallographic problem shows that it converges to the correct solution, with no initial phase information, where currently used algorithms fail. The results lend support to the possibility of ab initio phasing in protein crystallography.
Evolutionary divergence in the two kinds of subunits of ribulose diphosphate carboxylase isolated from different species ofNicotiana

Aϰ2 analysis was made of previously reported values for the amino acid composition of the large and small subunits of ribulose diphosphate carboxylase (E.C. 4, 1, 1, 39) isolated from five species ofNicotiana. The distributions of these values were then compared with published values for hemoglobinα chains and cytochromec's of diverse origins. It was concluded that evolutionary diversity in the large and small subunits of RuDP carboxylase occurs even within the limited taxonomic category of the genusNicotiana. The large subunit was as stable towards mutation during evolution as theα chains and cytochromes, whereas the small subunit was much less stable. The hypothesis is discussed that the large subunit played a more significant role than the small subunit in the enzyme function and/or structural integrity of the oligomeric protein. It was also speculated that the addition of small subunits to the molecule, which may have been a recent evolutionary event, enables the fixation of many evolutionarily favorable mutations. Thus, survival of the enzymatic activity in changing environments is favored.
Voting in Bad Faith

What is wrong with participating in a democratic decision-making process, and then doing something other than the outcome of the decision? It is often thought that collective decision-making entails being prima facie bound to the outcome of that decision, although little analysis has been done on why that is the case. Conventional perspectives are inadequate to explain its wrongness. I offer a new and more robust analysis on the nature of voting: voting when you will accept the outcome only if the decision goes your way is an act of bad faith: you are not taking part in a ‘process that decides what we will do’. This analysis sheds light on understanding the intrinsic nature of voting and what we are doing when we make decisions collectively.
Rapid Innate Defensive Responses of Mice to Looming Visual Stimuli

Much of brain science is concerned with understanding the neural circuits that underlie specific behaviors. While the mouse has become a favorite experimental subject, the behaviors of this species are still poorly explored. For example, the mouse retina, like that of other mammals, contains ∼20 different circuits that compute distinct features of the visual scene [1 and 2]. By comparison, only a handful of innate visual behaviors are known in this species—the pupil reflex [3], phototaxis [4], the optomotor response [5], and the cliff response [6]—two of which are simple reflexes that require little visual processing. We explored the behavior of mice under a visual display that simulates an approaching object, which causes defensive reactions in some other species [7 and 8]. We show that mice respond to this stimulus either by initiating escape within a second or by freezing for an extended period. The probability of these defensive behaviors is strongly dependent on the parameters of the visual stimulus. Directed experiments identify candidate retinal circuits underlying the behavior and lead the way into detailed study of these neural pathways. This response is a new addition to the repertoire of innate defensive behaviors in the mouse that allows the detection and avoidance of aerial predators.
Jointly optimal policies for pavement maintenance, resurfacing and reconstruction

We present a methodology for the joint optimization of flexible pavement maintenance, rehabilitation and reconstruction (MR&R) activities. The majority of existing Pavement Management Systems do not optimize reconstruction jointly with maintenance and rehabilitation policies. We show that not accounting for reconstruction in maintenance and rehabilitation planning results in suboptimal policies for pavements undergoing cumulative damages in the underlying layers (base, sub-base or subgrade). We use a history-dependent pavement deterioration model to account for the influence of MR&R history on the deterioration rate. We present dynamic programming solutions using an augmented state which includes current surface condition and age. The optimal maintenance and resurfacing policies and the optimal time between reconstructions are obtained and graphically represented for a range of real-world pavements.
Mastitis Prevalence in Primigravid Heifers at Parturition

Prevalence of intramammary infection was determined for 382 primigravid heifers within 3 d postpartum on 11 Vermont dairy farms. Data collected during a 5-yr period are summarized. Duplicate quarter milk samples were cultured on tryptose-blood agar plates containing .1% esculin. Intramammary infections were diagnosed in 45.5% of the heifers and 18.7% of quarters. Staphylococcus species were the most prevalent bacteria isolated: they appeared in 25.4% of the heifers and 12.1% of quarters. Only 2.6% of the heifers were diagnosed with Staphylococcus aureus; 22.8% had udder infection caused by other staphylococcal species. Environmental mastitis pathogens, coliforms, and streptococci other than Streptococcus agalactiae were isolated from 14.9% of the heifers and 4.8% of quarters. The prevalence of mastitis among these primigravid heifers at parturition indicates a need to improve methods of diagnosis and control programs.
From meaning well to doing well: ethical expertise in the GIS domain

There is evidence to support the idea that moral action can be thought of in terms of expertise in a domain. This paper reviews work on the development of moral expertise across five levels, from novice to expertise. It addresses the role of habit in expertise and self-regulation strategies that signal when habitual action is not working and that respond with consciously guided action. It suggests moral skills one might need to acquire, both general and specific to the domain of GIS. It suggests how an expertise approach builds on current pedagogy while adding skilled practice.
Pediatric Oncology in Brazil

Brazil is a country with many contrasts. This can help the understanding of environmental factors influencing the incidence of different cancers. The standard treatment and results achieved in certain areas of the country are not encountered in others. The establishment of national cooperative groups has helped the improvement. The subspecialty has been recognized and training programs are available. Many scientific achievements have been developed and are described.
The Career Paths of Mutual Fund Managers: The Role of Merit

This study provides evidence that merit—specifically, performance relative to peers measured on a style-adjusted basis—plays a significant role in the length of a mutual fund manager’s career. Managers who underperform their peers are more likely to lose their jobs. However, surviving managers of any tenure—even those who manage their funds for 10 or more years—generally do not outperform the market or their style benchmarks and do not display consistently superior performance.
Salivary gland 99mTc‐scintigraphy: a grading scale and correlation with major salivary gland flow rates

Sequential salivary gland scintigraphy with 99mTc-technetium pertechnetate (Tc-99) is a safe, minimally invasive test for study of major salivary glands. However, its relationship to salivary function has not been investigated in detail. We have investigated the relationship between major salivary gland flow rates and Tc-99 scans and developed a new rating scale using scans of a control group with normal salivary function. Salivary flow rates and Tc-99 scans were obtained from healthy, non-medicated subjects (n = 33) and from xerostomic patients (n = 22). There were significant differences between the groups for salivary flow rates and Tc-99 ratings. Significant correlations were found between salivary flow rates and Tc-99 ratings in the control and xerostomic groups. The Tc-99 rating scale proved reliable in assessing salivary dysfunction, and showed a high inter-examiner correlation. These results demonstrate the usefulness of salivary gland scintigraphy in assessing major salivary gland flow rates and the utility of a new rating scale.
MEMS-based Universal Fatigue-Test Technique

We have developed a MEMS (micro electro mechanical systems)—based method for fatigue testing of micrometer— millimeter-sized specimens of any material (hence ‘universal’). The miniature, re-usable, stand-alone fatigue test frame is fabricated as a single MEMS chip. Specimens of any material can be manually mounted in the chip and fatigue-tested. We describe the design and construction of the MEMS device and specimens, the test protocol and data analysis procedure, and show stress versus number of cycles to failure (S-N) results for 25 μm thick Al 1145 H19 foil. The S-N results are in accord with expectations, and examination of the fracture surface by scanning electron microscopy shows distinct regions corresponding to slow and fast crack growth.
Adolescent Self-Perceptions and Attitudes toward School as Determinants of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Risk Estimates and Normative Judgments.

Grounded in symbolic interactionism and drawing on data gathered in the 2007 Monitoring the Future Study (n = 2,201), this research examines how self-esteem and perceived intelligence, as well as attitudes and behaviors related to school environments, associate with perceptions of anabolic-androgenic steroids. With perceived risk and approval/disapproval of steroid use as dependent measures, logistic regression models identified explanatory effects for sex, race, newspaper exposure, and peer use of steroids, with males, Whites, those who seldom read the newspaper, and those with friends who had used steroids estimating lower levels of risk and indicating less disapproval. Those who viewed themselves as being more intelligent than their peers as well as those with higher levels of self-esteem estimated higher levels of risk and expressed greater disapproval, whereas those who indicated “hating” school and those who had skipped school the most estimated lower risk and less disapproval. Logit log-linear mode...
Histochemical localization of enzymes in the embryonic chick liver

Oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes were localized histochemically in the developing chick liver and in liver grown as chorioallantoic (CAM) transplants or as explants in organ culture. In the in situ liver, parenchymal cells exhibited an increase in succinate (SDH) and a glycerophosphate (GDH) dehydrogenase activity and a decrease in NADP diaphorase (TPND) during development. NAD diaphorase (DPND) and nonspecific esterase (NSE) activity remained constantly high throughout the period studied. Within the stromal cells, DPND and NSE activity decreased and SDH, GDH and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased. The ALP activity of the sinusoidal cells appeared to increase coincident with a redistribution of TPND within the cytoplasm of the parenchymal cells. In CAM transplants, the enzyme activity of all tissues was nearly the same as the five day liver even though the total age of the tissues was 15 days. Liver explants exhibited enzyme activity similar in part to both the 5 and 15 day liver. In both explants and transplants, ALP activity was highest in areas where the parenchymal-sinusoidal relationship was maintained and absent in areas where the parenchyma and sinusoidal cells were not in contact.
Behavioral health needs and service use among those who've aged-out of foster care

Abstract This paper is the first study to use a multi-state sample to longitudinally explore the relationship between remaining in foster care beyond age 18, behavioral health needs, and receipt of behavioral healthcare services. The study began with a sample of 732 older youth in foster care and followed them longitudinally for six years, after all had aged-out of care. Indicators of behavioral health and receipt of behavioral healthcare services were measured, as well as whether or not remaining in foster care after one's 18th birthday made a difference in receiving behavioral healthcare services. We found a high need for behavioral healthcare services in the years following their 18th birthdays and a significant drop-off in service use after exiting foster care. We also found a strong relationship between remaining in care after one's 18th birthday and receipt of behavioral healthcare services among those in need. Policy implications discussed highlight the possible role of Medicaid on young adults who have aged-out of foster care with behavioral healthcare service needs, and the potential impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Among the treatment implications are the need for highly effective behavioral healthcare services for older youths in foster care and the need for receipt of ongoing services upon exiting foster care.
Substitutability, Separability, and the Distributional Implications of Public Goods

This article demonstrates that the methodology developed by Aaron and McGuire (1970) and Maital (1973, 1975) for estimating the distributional implications of public goods, which has been extensively used in empirical studies, is critically dependent on a mathematically convenient but conceptually questionable assumption that has often resulted in implausible incidence conclusions. Specifically, the Aaron-McGuire-Maital approach assumes no substitutability between private income and public goods, which is technically translated into additively separate utility functions. This article reviews the distributional implications of public goods in the light of a generalized formulation of preference indicators. The most important conclusion is that if the assumption of separability is relaxed, the usual smooth neoclassical utility functions will at worst imply no redistribution—but never a progressive (that is, pro-rich) incidence outcome. Moreover, under the generalized formulation, the critical role in derivi...
DNA array analysis in a Microsoft Windows environment.

Microsoft® Windows®-based computers have evolved to the point that they provide sufficient computational and visualization power for robust analysis of DNA array data. In fact, smaller laboratories might prefer to carry out some or all of their analyses and visualization in a Windows environment, rather than alternative platforms such as UNIX. We have developed a series of manually executed macros written in Visual Basic for Microsoft Excel ® spreadsheets, that allows for rapid and comprehensive gene expression data analysis. The first macro assigns gene names to spots on the DNA array and normalizes individual hybridizations by expressing the signal intensity for each gene as a percentage of the sum of all gene intensities. The second macro streamlines statistical consideration of the confidence in individual gene measurements for sets of experimental replicates by calculating probability values with the Student’s t test. The third macro introduces a threshold value, calculates expression ratios between experimental conditions, and calculates the standard deviation of the mean of the log ratio values. Selected columns of data are copied by a fourth macro to create a processed data set suitable for entry into a Microsoft Access ® database. An Access database structure is described that allows simple queries across multiple experiments and export of data into third-party data visualization software packages. These analysis tools can be used in their present form by others working with commercial E. coli membrane arrays, or they may be adapted for use with other systems. The Excel spreadsheets with embedded Visual Basic macros and detailed instructions for their use are available at http://www.ou.edu/microarray.
Hypothesis Corroboration in Semantic Spaces with Swarming Agents

Our poster describes the architecture and innovative Swarm Intelligence algorithms of the Ant CAFE system that extracts and organizes textual evidence that corroborates hypotheses about the state of the world to support Intelligence analysts.
Small-Strain Nonlinearity of Normally Consolidated Clay

This paper addresses the small-strain undrained shear behavior of clays based on an extensive testing program conducted on normally consolidated resedimented Boston blue clay (RBBC). The uniformity and reproducibility in the behavior of this soil permit a detailed study of the role of consolidation stress level, preshear consolidation stress path, preshear lateral stress ratio (K) , rate of shear, and duration of laboratory aging on the small-strain ( ea ≤0.1%) nonlinearity in undrained triaxial compression. The small-strain behavior of normally consolidated (NC) RBBC is measured using a LVDT-based device that is capable of resolving on-specimen axial strains smaller than 0.0001% strain over a 10% strain range, thus allowing full description of the small-strain nonlinearity. The testing program relies on a multistage testing approach developed to minimize specimen variability and reduce testing time. The small-strain nonlinearity of NC RBBC is found to be virtually independent of void ratio or stress leve...
The Effects of Finasteride on Hematuria Associated with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Preliminary Report

AbstractPurpose: The efficacy of finasteride was assessed in the treatment of gross hematuria associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was done of 18 patients who had been placed on finasteride (5 mg. daily) for the treatment of gross hematuria associated with BPH. A hematuria grading system was devised.Results: Of the 12 patients with longer than 3 months of followup (mean 14) 11 improved according to the grade of hematuria after finasteride therapy.Conclusions: Finasteride is effective in treating hematuria associated with BPH. This finding is especially relevant for patients with multiple medical problems and anesthetic risks.
Testing a passive tracking index for monitoring the endangered Ethiopian wolf

The endangered Ethiopian wolf is considered the rarest canid in Africa. The species faces many threats and is particularly vulnerable to diseases such as rabies. A simple, low-technology means to monitor populations would greatly facilitate conservation efforts, through early detection of population changes and behavior, and signaling a need for intervention. We tested a passive tracking index methodology, which has been a valuable tool for indexing canids and other species around the world. The method uses counts of track intrusions into plots placed in the animals’ routes of travel as the basis for calculating an index. Unlike for other species, for which the placement of tracking plots on dirt roads has been extremely successful, we found in our first trial that this approach did not adequately intersect the wolves’ activity patterns. The low vegetation associated with Afro-alpine habitats offered little benefit for the wolves to travel roads. However, in our second trial among molerat colonies, a focus of wolf foraging activity, we found plot placement on molerat mounds was efficient for collecting Ethiopian wolf plot intrusions for index calculations. This plot placement method coupled with the passive tracking index calculations might offer resource managers a cost efficient tool that requires minimal equipment to monitor Ethiopian wolf populations on the Sanetti Plateau and other Afro-alpine habitats. Plot placement on roads in other Ethiopian wolf habitats where cross-country travel is more difficult might still be a viable means to collect track data, but would require further testing.
Network-wide prediction of BGP routes

This paper presents provably correct algorithms for computing the outcome of the BGP route-selection process for each router in a network, without simulating the complex details of BGP message passing. The algorithms require only static inputs that can be easily obtained from the routers: the BGP routes learned from neighboring domains, the import policies configured on the BGP sessions, and the internal topology. Solving the problem would be easy if the route-selection process were deterministic and every router received all candidate BGP routes. However, two important features of BGP--the Multiple Exit Discriminator (MED) attribute and route reflectors--violate these properties. After presenting a simple route-prediction algorithm for networks that do not use these features, we present algorithms that capture the effects of the MED attribute and route reflectors in isolation. Then, we explain why the interaction between these two features precludes efficient route prediction. These two features also create difficulties for the operation of BGP itself, leading us to suggest improvements to BGP that achieve the same goals as MED and route reflection without introducing the negative side effects.
Polyfunctional epoxies: Part II. Nonrubber versus rubber‐toughened brominated formulations for graphite composites

Initial screening of carboxy-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (CTBN) rubber-toughened brominated formulations for graphite composites has been reported previously. This study is a further investigation, focusing on the performance of the brominated polymeric additives as a potential flexibilizing agent for graphite composites, using different molecular weights of the Br source. Increasing segment lengths of the polymeric backbone chain of brominated polymeric additives (BPA) are examined in a new development, trifunctional epoxy resin and is compared with a 10 percent rubber-toughened formulation of the same epoxy resin. Results show that when the Br content in the graphite composite was increased without the use of rubber, the mechanical properties improved. Mechanical and other properties of the graphite composites are discussed.
Transmission of a 2009 Pandemic Influenza Virus Shows a Sensitivity to Temperature and Humidity Similar to That of an H3N2 Seasonal Strain

In temperate regions of the world, influenza epidemics follow a highly regular seasonal pattern, in which activity peaks in midwinter. Consistently with this epidemiology, we have shown previously that the aerosol transmission of a seasonal H3N2 influenza virus is most efficient under cold, dry conditions. With the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, an exception to the standard seasonality of influenza developed: during 2009 in the Northern Hemisphere, an unusually high level of influenza virus activity over the spring and summer months was followed by a widespread epidemic which peaked in late October, approximately 2.5 months earlier than usual. Herein we show that aerosol transmission of a 2009 pandemic strain shows a dependence on relative humidity and temperature very similar to that of a seasonal H3N2 influenza virus. Our data indicate that the observed differences in the timings of outbreaks with regard to the seasons are most likely not due to intrinsic differences in transmission between the pandemic H1N1 and seasonal H3N2 influenza viruses.
Adaptive agents in NAS-wide simulations: A case-study of CTOP and SWIM

To support the development and evaluation of NextGen/SESAR concepts-of-operations and technologies, NAS-wide simulations and analysis methodologies are required to evaluate the feasibility and estimate the NAS-wide benefits. Of particular importance is the evaluation of unintended consequences that have historically been a roadblock to innovation in the NAS. This paper describes an analysis of adaptive airline behavior for flightplan route selection in the presence of Collaborative Trajectory Options Program (CTOP) and System Wide Information Management (SWIM). The results of analysis of simulation of 60,000 flight per day for 80 days shows that: (i) flightplan route selection reaches a system-wide equilibrium, (ii) the equilibrium state yields system-wide performance benefits, (iii) the equilibrium is achieved in 18 days, (iv) inaccurate and delayed information have no impact on system-wide performance but require additional days to achieve equilibrium, and (v) global (i.e. all airline) information does not improve individual airline route selection. The implications of these results on NextGen planning are discussed.
Redefining classroom instruction.

In this study, the role of the classroom instructor was redefined from a “lecturer” responsible for delivering the core curriculum to a “facilitator” at the center of an active learning environment. Web-based lectures were used to provide foundation content to students outside of the classroom, which made it possible to improve the quality of student-faculty contact time in the classroom. Students reported that this hybrid format of instruction afforded them a better understanding of the content, a higher probability of retaining the content, and the opportunity to spend more time thinking about the application of the content compared with more traditional lecture-based methods of instruction.
Design and implementation of a low-level image segmentation architecture-LISA

The architectural and implementation issues of a prototype of a low-level image segmentation architecture (LISA) are described. LISA performs real-time gray-level image segmentation. A decision-theoretic pattern recognition approach divided into feature extraction and decision analysis parts is used. The feature extraction part is based on extracting local and global descriptions of the image pixels. In the decision analysis part, the pixels are classified into one of the user-selected classes based on the extracted features. One of the main properties of the approach is that the feature extraction and decision analysis are performed in real time. The status of the hardware and software development of the LISA prototype for a variety of industrial inspection applications is described. The LISA architecture is being implemented using state-of-the-art VLSI technology. >
Power System Load Forecasting Using Partial Least Square Method

Load models have a wide range of application in the electric power industry including monitoring load management policies, helping with the generator commitment problem, and aiding system planning. This work investigates partial least square (PLS) technique for power system load forecasting. A comprehensive load model is proposed based upon analyzing hourly data using PLS method. The proposed algorithm simplifies the calculating process greatly and gives better results in terms of higher accuracy of short term forecasting as compared with regular LS. The periodic occurrence based on seasonal weather from peak to peak for a short term forecast is shown successfully. Both theoretical analysis and computer simulation on ISO New England data verify its effectiveness.
Correlates of Marital Adjustment among Married Persons in Delta State of Nigeria

This study examined the extent to which variables of emotional expression, communication flow, financial management and work involvement can predict marital adjustment among married persons in Delta state, Nigeria. Two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. 2561 married persons were used to select a sample size of purposeful sampling technique. Data were gathered using a questionnaire titled "Marital Adjustment and Personality Types Inventory (MAPTI). It has reliability of .90. The analysis of the data generated from the respondents revealed that emotional expression, financial management, communication flow, work involvement are significant correlates and predictors of marital adjustment. Consequently, it was recommended that counselling services should focus on acquisition of skills for the general improvement of marital interaction among married persons.
Beyond Cultural Competency: Skill, Reflexivity, and Structure in Successful Tribal Health Care

As notions of cultural competency have risen to prominence in health care, some of our most powerful models and strategies come from successful tribal health care. In this chapter, we deconstruct notions of cultural competency, rebuilding this important aspect of medical practice under Bourdieu's model of reflexivity (1986). We outline a critical discourse of cultural competency based on a processual (and distinctively anthropological) model. In promoting several specific strategies for culturally competent care, we point to the assumptions regarding the boundedness and neutrality of culture within biomedical practice as well as the authority and power structures through which competency is determined. We offer two case studies: one, an examination of a community-based ambulatory care practice; the second, a consideration of both practitioners' and institutions' use of cultural capital in addressing the community they serve. We promote a reflexive form of culturally competent care that goes beyond "cookbo...