cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
To KB or Not to KB, That Is the Question

A 36-year-old female, with no significant past medical history, is status post vaginal delivery of a baby at term pregnancy. Postdelivery hematocrit (Hct) is 30 % and patient weighs 65 kg. The patient is known to have received prenatal Rh immune globulin (RhIg) at 28 weeks, at which time the antibody screen was negative. A type and screen sample (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, EDTA anticoagulant) is submitted to the blood bank along with the cord blood sample from the baby and a request for postpartum RhIg.
Chronic Nebivolol Treatment Suppresses Endothelin-1-Mediated Vasoconstrictor Tone in Adults With Elevated Blood Pressure.

Abstract— Endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays a major role in the pathophysiology of hypertension and its associated cardiovascular risk. We tested the hypothesis that chronic nebivolol treatment reduces ET-1–mediated vasoconstrictor tone in adult humans with elevated blood pressure (BP). Furthermore, reducing ET-1 vasoconstrictor activity contributes to the improvement in endothelial vasodilator function associated with nebivolol treatment. Forty-two middle-aged adults with elevated BP (systolic BP ≥130 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥85 mm Hg) completed a 3-month, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial: 14 received nebivolol (8 men/6 women; 5 mg per day); 14 received metoprolol succinate (9 men/5 women; 100 mg per day); and 14 received placebo (9 men/5 women). Forearm blood flow (plethysmography) responses to selective (BQ-123: 100 nmol/min; 60 minutes) and nonselective (BQ-123+BQ-788 [50 nmol/min]; 60 minutes) ET-1 receptor blockade, as well as acetylcholine (4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 μg per 100 mL of tissue per minute) in the absence and presence of nonselective ET-1 receptor blockade were determined before and after each treatment intervention. Forearm blood flow responses to BQ-123 and BQ-123+BQ-788 were similarly and significantly elevated (≈30% and 60%, respectively) from baseline in all 3 groups. Nebivolol, but not metoprolol or placebo, therapy resulted in a marked (≈25% and 45%; P <0.05) reduction in forearm blood flow response to BQ-123 and BQ-123+BQ-788. Moreover, after nebivolol therapy only, vasodilator response to acetylcholine was not significantly increased by ET-1 receptor blockade. These results demonstrate that nebivolol, but not metoprolol, treatment reduces ET-1–mediated vasoconstrictor tone in adult humans with elevated BP. In addition, nebivolol-induced reduction in ET-1–mediated vasoconstrictor tone underlies the favorable effects of this β-blocker on endothelial vasodilation. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: . Unique identifier: [NCT01395329][1]. # Novelty and Significance {#article-title-50} [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT01395329&atom=%2Fhypertensionaha%2F67%2F6%2F1196.atom
Study on the Dose Burden of the Public in Shanghai from X-ray Computed Tomography Medical Exposure

Purpose:To study the dose burden of the public in Shanghai induced by medical exposure from X - ray computed tomography.Methods:The general condition of medical X - ray CT scanner application in Shanghai and the annual frequency distribution of medical exposure from X - ray CT examination in 101 hospitals were investigated on head and body examinations respectively.The head and body dose index of 151 medical X - ray CT scanners were measured.Meanwhile,the standard protocols relating to the head,chest and abdomen routine scans on adults were collected by questionnaires.And based on the annual frequency results in Shanghai,the software of CT dose assessment was applied to evaluate the collective dose of the public in Shanghai induced by medical exposure from X - ray computed tomography. Results:At present,there were a total of 151 medical X - ray CT scanners in 101 hospitals to carry out the medical X- ray CT procedures in Shanghai district.In 2007,the annual frequency distribution of CT examination was 128.16 person - time per 1000 population.The effective dose of patient from each examination was 0.93 mSv,4.6 mSv and 4.9 mSv in the head,chest and abdomen routine scan,respectively. The collective effective dose of the public in Shanghai district from X - ray computed tomography medical exposure was 4868 man·Sv,and the average annual individual effective dose was 0.353 mSv in 2007.Conclusion:The collective dose of the public from X - ray computed tomography medical exposure has an increasing trend,and the main reason is the increase of frequency level of CT medical exposure and effective dose from one CT scan.
The architecture design of financial management information platform in the small and medium-sized enterprises

Financial management for small and medium-sized coal companies can not only to be traditional accounting,but should also be as an important member of business operations to participate in the corporate building.Therefore,financial management informationization becomes increasingly important,financial management information platform is designed for modernization and informationization of financial management,which is special applied for small and medium-sized coal enterprise.
Research on Chlorophyll and Photosynthetic Efficiency in Filling Stage of Rice

Accumulation and transformation of photosynthesis product in filling stage is important for grain filling and grain yield of rice.Photosynthesis characters were studied with seven Liaoxing varieties.To guide practical breeding,the dynamic change of content,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate were determined and analyzed.Higher net photosynthetic rate in later filling stage was important for avoiding early ageing and stay green till mature.
Teens, Parents, and Financial Literacy

Teens' financial literacy, their ability to understand financial concepts and make effective decisions, is an important topic in the US. Educational programs targeted at teens have had little impact. Our study investigated if parents should play a role in teaching their teens. We conducted a literature review on teenage financial literacy and a competitive analysis of current tools. We interviewed parents and teens, probing on what teens know and how they learned these concepts. We conducted speed dating sessions, exposing parents and teens to provocative services meant to trigger conversations about financial values. These included a system where parents gave loans and charged interest and a game where teens guessed the prices of family expenses. Results showed a strong interest for tools that allow parents to educate their teens. Concepts worked best when they addressed teens' current needs and when they allowed parents to influence spending based on values.
Unique pattern of fibrinogen cleavage by human leukocyte proteases

An extract of human leukocytes was prepared which had marked fibrinogenolytic activity, as determined by its effect upon the thrombin clotting time of plasminogen-free fibrinogen. When incubated with a 1/10 dilution of the extract of 108 leukocytes, fibrinogen became incoagulable within 30 min. The activity of the leukocyte extract was unaffected by 0.2 M epsilon-amino caproic acid and minimally affected by 100 U/ml of trasylol, but it was completely inhibited by 0.1 mg/ml soybean trypsin inhibitor and by 1% plasma. The degradation products of leukocyte protease-treated fibrinogen were clearly different from those of plasmin-treated fibrinogen when examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The pattern of cleavage of the amino terminal ends of the Aα and Bβ chains of fibrinogen by the leukocyte extract was determined using radioimmunoassays specific for fibrinopeptides A and B. The fibrinopeptides themselves were not cleaved, but slightly larger dialyzable fragments containing the peptides were cleaved from the amino terminal ends of the Aα and Bβ chains. These larger fragments were clearly distinguished from the fibrinopeptides themselves by immunochemical means. The pattern of release of the fibrinopeptide-containing segments by the leukocyte proteases was different from the patterns described for thrombin, plasmin, trypsin, and certain snake venoms. The results suggest that the specificity of the leukocyte proteases for fibrinogen is unique, and provide a technique for further study of the role of these enzymes in normal and abnormal fibrinogenolysis.
A four-port circular patch antenna for polarization modulation

Polarization modulation is a technique to modulate digital information using different polarization of the electromagnetic wave. The existing waveform based modulation techniques are well developed and start approaching to their performance limits. Polarization modulation provides a new modulation dimension for wireless communications and can further increase data throughput. A four-port circular patch antenna is presented and investigated for the implementation of polarization modulation. It has four ports, each excites radiation of a different polarization. A single pole four throw RF switch is used to switch between the ports depending on the information symbol to be transmitted. The antenna is studied numerically and it shows good performance.
Online Professional Learning Networks: A Viable Solution to the Professional Development Dilemma.

Quality professional development must meet the demands and needs of the person engaging in the activity. However, many opportunities for special educators are often less than optimal in terms of ti...
Abundance and harvest proportion of river turtles in Missouri

Freshwater turtle populations are declining worldwide, yet managers have little information about the effects of commercial turtle harvests. In Missouri, the snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina), ...
Impact of Genetic Ancestry on Outcomes in ECOG-ACRIN-5103

PurposeRacial disparity in breast cancer outcomes exists between African American and white women in the United States. We have evaluated the impact of genetically determined ancestry on disparity in efficacy and therapy-induced toxicity for patients with breast cancer in the context of a randomized, phase III adjuvant trial.MethodsThis study compared outcomes between 386 patients of African ancestry (AA) and 2,473 patients of European ancestry (EA) in a randomized, phase III breast cancer trial, ECOG-ACRIN-5103. The primary efficacy end point, invasive disease–free survival (DFS), and clinically significant toxicities were compared, including anthracycline-induced congestive heart failure, taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy (TIPN), and bevacizumab-induced hypertension.ResultsOverall, AAs had significantly inferior DFS (P = .002; hazard ratio, 1.5) compared with EAs. This was significant in the estrogen receptor–positive subgroup (P = .03), with a similar, nonsignificant trend for those who had triple-n...
Pecan Weevil Control by Dielectric Heating

AbstractExposure of pecan-weevil-infested in-shell pecans of 6.1% kernel moisture to 43-MHz dielectric healing treatments nts for 25 s Kilkd all of the larvae in she pecans. Similar treatment of larvae in pecan kernel pieces of 2.6% moisture provided complete control with Tiorier exposures and lower temperatures in the pecans. Microwave hcatmg treatments at 2450 MHz were somewhat less effective in controlling pecan weevil larvae in broken pieces of pecan kernels and shells than were 40-MHz treatments of the same materials. The importance of pecan moisture content is discussed. Treatments that control the larvae in in-shell pecans will probably reduce pecan germination substantially, but effects on pecans for food uses have not yet been evaluated.
Basic Properties and Circuit Aspects of Oscillators and Amplifiers Based on Two-Terminal Devices

This chapter will deal with a number of topics which are relevant to the interaction between a microwave circuit and an active two-terminal element. Starting from a general description of this interaction, we will look at oscillator properties such as stability and noise (FM and AM), as well as injection locking. Some typical circuits and impedance data will be presented. We will also derive the gain-bandwidth product for two-terminal reflection amplifiers, and discuss their noise properties.
Facing Up to Neanderthals

I open by thanking Terence Keel both for inviting me to participate in this dialogue and for so effectively framing two distinct stances on how to understand the role of race in human genetics research today. This discussion is important to critical assessments of racial thinking—its depth and breadth in contemporary societies—but also to encouraging a correct understanding of genes and risk factors related to disease more broadly. For the sake of debate, I first elaborate on the position I have taken in critiquing social constructivist claims about race, then offer my thoughts on how an attention to Neanderthals provides a broader understanding of racial thinking as it pertains to the question of variation within a species.
Vector Integrals and the Vector-Field Theorems

In our final chapter we look at two kinds of integrals involving interaction between a vector function and the curve or surface on which we want to calculate an integral. This study will show us many connections among the topics that we have viewed separately. We end up with small versions of two results that helped complete the analytic description of classical physics.
Richard H. Popkin' Concept Of The Third Force And The Newtonian Synthesis Of Theology And Scientific Methodology In Isaac Newton And Samuel Clarke

In 1960, Richard H. Popkin published his paradigm-shattering History of Scepticism from Erasmus to Descartes in which he described the effects of the rediscovery of the writings of the Greek Pyrrhonian sceptic, Sextus Empiricus, upon the intellectual ferment of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Popkin showed both how early modern adaptations of Sextus’ arguments subverted the possibility of obtaining certain knowledge from the senses, reason, or authority and how some early modern philosophers in the rationalist and empiricist traditions addressed the ensuing “sceptical crisis” in religion, philosophy, and science. By 1981, when he was the Willam Andrews Clark Library Professor at UCLA, Popkin was embarked upon the project of widening his historical analysis beyond the canonical rationalists and empiricists of the traditional schools of early modern philosophy. He began to analyze non-traditional writers who characterized a strand of early modern thought which he christened the “Third Force.” Popkin showed how a wide variety of reinterpreted, traditional, early modern thinkers, as well as non-traditional, early modern thinkers, attempted to defeat scepticism by combining elements of traditional philosophy with arguments and ideas drawn from such supposedly non-rational, non-philosophical arenas as Jewish messianism, Christian millenarianism, eschatology, and the interpretation of biblical prophecy.
Glucose tolerance test: Degree of glucose abnormality correlates with neonatal outcome

OBJECTIVE To determine how well the extent of glucose abnormality, as reflected by the number of abnormal values on the 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test (GTT), correlates with the level of carbohydrate intolerance during pregnancy and with the severity of adverse outcome. METHODS We followed 764 gestational diabetic women under a once-per-week fasting and 2-hour postprandial serum glucose monitoring system. The subjects were stratified by the number of abnormal values on their GTTs. The level of glucose control and incidence of large for gestational age (LGA) infants were then determined and compared with the findings in 636 gravidas with abnormal screening but all normal GTT values. RESULTS Patients with one or more abnormal GTT values had comparable incidences of LGA infants, which were all significantly greater than that in the 0-abnormal group (23-27% versus 13%; P < .01). This difference was due to subjects with poor glucose control. The means of the GTT values for each sampling time were greater and the GTT periodicity (the time for the GTT curve to return to the fasting level) was longer with an increasing number of GTT abnormal values (zero versus one versus two versus three versus four abnormal values, P < .02). The mean fasting, 2-hour postprandial, and overall mean glucose values during the study were positively associated with the number of abnormal GTT values. CONCLUSIONS One or more abnormal GTT values were associated with comparably elevated incidences of LGA infants in patients with poor glycemic control. Achievement of recommended glucose control decreased adverse outcomes to near normal levels.
SOME TIPS FOR MAKING COLOR HARDCOPY

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses some tips for making color hardcopy. Obtaining high-quality color hardcopy of digital images is more an art than a science. It is an expensive process, fraught with pitfalls and requiring much experimentation. The first problem encountered in switching reproduction devices or media is dynamic range and gamma matching. It has been found that a reasonable first-order approximation can be had through the following process: A gray ramp is given output with visible tic marks on the edge at about every five gray levels. It is noted where the low entries of look-up table all have gone to black, and where the high values all have gone white. Then the image should be remapped to within the available contrast range, to avoid gaining contrast and potentially losing detail in highlights and/or shadows. This sort of contrast gain often occurs when mapping to photographic media, as when photographing the screen, making a C-Print or a Cibachrome print, or even when using a film recorder. It is highlighted that one may need to use a different ASA or type of film in a film recorder than that specified by the manufacturer because manufacturer's specifications sometimes are utterly apocryphal.
Pain Outcomes After Celiac Plexus Block in Children and Young Adults with Cancer.

Purpose: The use of celiac plexus block (CPB) for abdominal pain has been extensively reported in adults. However, pediatric literature is limited to three single case reports and a series of three...
Following spinal cord injury, PDE4B drives an acute, local inflammatory response and a chronic, systemic response exacerbated by gut dysbiosis and endotoxemia

Emerging evidence links changes in the gut microbiome and intestinal barrier function to alterations in CNS function. We examined the role of endotoxin-responsive, cAMP-specific, Pde4 subfamily b (Pde4b) enzyme in gut dysbiosis induced neuro-inflammation and white matter loss following spinal cord injury (SCI). Using a thoracic contusion model in C57Bl/6 wild type female mice, SCI led to significant shifts in the gut bacterial community including an increase in the phylum Proteobacteria, which consists of endotoxin-harboring, gram-negative bacteria. This was accompanied by increased systemic inflammatory marker, soluble CD14, along with markers of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ERSR) and inflammation in the SCI epicenter. Deletion of Pde4b reduced epicenter expression of markers for the ERSR and inflammation, at both acute and chronic time points post-SCI. Correspondingly, expression of oligodendrocyte mRNAs increased. Within the injury penumbra, inflammatory protein markers of activated astrocytes (GFAP), macrophage/microglia (CD11b, Iba1), and the proinflammatory mediator Cox2, were decreased in Pde4b-/- mice. The absence of Pde4b improved white matter sparing and recovery of hindlimb locomotion following injury. Importantly, SCI-induced gut dysbiosis, bacterial overgrowth and endotoxemia were also prevented in Pde4b-/- mice. Taken together, these findings indicate that PDE4B plays an important role in the development of acute and chronic inflammatory response and consequent recovery following SCI.
Probing the Irritability-Suicidality Nexus

Suicide is a major public health concern.1 Although still rare in absolute numbers, suicide is the second cause of death in adolescents and seems to be on the rise.2 One of the strongest risk factors for suicide is suicidality (ie, suicide ideation and attempts) alongside depression, substance abuse and, of course, access to lethal means.3-5 Identifying modifiable early predictors of suicidality and suicide should therefore be a priority for mental health researchers. In this issue of the Journal, Orri et al. examine whether distinct childhood trajectories of irritability, one of the most common symptoms across psychiatric disorders in youth, are associated with suicidality in adolescence.6.
CAPP: context analyzer and printability predictor

Layout context plays a very significant role in printability of layout shapes, and hence it is extremely critical to include layout context information while performing printability checks. In this paper, we are proposing a unique approach of analyzing layout context geometries and use Machine Learning (ML) technique to predict lithography hotspots. Our method uses past lithography simulation results to evaluate geometry margins and profile them in simple geometry rules. The markers of these rules then analyzed by our unique context analyzer and generate data set for train Arterial Neural Network (ANN). Later this trained ANN model used for predictions on new input designs. In this paper, we will also present results to highlight how our approach is better in the accuracy of lithography hotspots detection in comparison to previous work related to pattern matching and machine-learning techniques.
Semi-active joint for ultra-precision positioning using sliding/rolling bearings

Abstract A novel semi-active joint for connecting mechanical (i.e., sliding/rolling) bearings or guideways to an ultra-precision motion stage is presented. The semi-active joint enables the benefits of bearing/guideway friction on in-position stability while avoiding its adverse effects on rapid ultra-precision positioning. The joint is equipped with solenoids that switch its stiffness from low, during settling, to high once the stage gets into position. A two-step scheme is implemented to mitigate adverse effects of switching on positioning performance. Experiments demonstrate up to 81% and 60% improvements in settling time and in-position stability, respectively, compared to cases with solely low- or high-stiffness joints.
Current Source Gate Driver for Series Connected Silicon-Carbide (SiC) MOSFETs

SiC MOSFET has superior switching performance over Si IGBT in terms of power loss and temperature characteristics. In order to significantly improve the efficiency and power density of medium voltage drive and high-power converters. In this paper, series connected SiC MOSFETs are used to replace the high voltage Si IGBT. Specifically, a game changing and universally applicable standard block of "series connected SiC MOSFETs" with excellent dynamic voltage sharing and high reliability is proposed. The core technology in the block is the current source gate driver with device synchronization function.
Effects of the DASH Diet and Sodium Intake on Bloating: Results From the DASH-Sodium Trial.

INTRODUCTION:Bloating is one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints. Evidence has linked fiber and sodium to bloating; however, randomized trials examining these diet components are lacking. Here, we used a randomized trial to examine the effects of the high-fiber DASH diet and dietary sodiu
Alan Soble's Review of 'The Reasons of Love' by Harry Frankfurt: 'Love and Value, Yet Again'

This essay is a critical review of Harry Frankfurt's book The Reasons of Love. Frankfurt's views about love are situated within the history of the philosophy of love; he includes elements from the ancients through his 20th-century colleagues. Soble argues that the analysis of love proposed by Frankfurt, which contains four necessary conditions, is inadequate. As argued earlier by Susan Wolf (but confirmed with new arguments), Frankfurt is unable to overcome problems in his account of the relationship between love and value. About love, a “Euthyphro” problem arises: does X love Y because X finds antecedent value in Y or does X find value in Y because X loves Y? Frankfurt prefers the second. As against the first, he argues that it is logically impossible to answer “who (what) should we love?” We can only note that due to evolution, we do love certain things. Frankfurt proposes four necessary conditions for love. The review investigates what additional condition might yield sufficiency. It also points out that evolutionary biology is inconsistent with each of Frankfurt's four conditions. Further, even though Frankfurt aimed at a naturalistic analysis of love, but gave up on that project at a stage at which he dearly needed naturalism to begin to save his theory of love.
How Leadership Can Support Attainment of Cross-Disciplinary Scientific Goals

In 2004, at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, we started a program to conduct Transdisciplinary Research on Energy Balance and Cancer (TREC). During a 5-year National Cancer Institute (NCI) funding period and extending thereafter, this program resulted in development of multiple successful, original research activities including highly productive research initiatives that contributed significantly to understanding the problem, several paradigm shifting concepts, over 300 publications with many articles in high-profile journals, a book series on Energy Balance and Cancer, and a formal course on obesity in the CWRU Epidemiology and Biostatistics curriculum. The CWRU TREC likewise launched and promoted multiple scientific research careers, fostered new local, national, and international collaborations, and helped establish an enduring culture of team science that focuses on energy balance and related problems and continues to operate and interact through multiple successors, to this date.
A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CONTEMPORARY AGRICULTURAL PEST PROBLEMS

ABSTRACT Short and long range goals of agricultural pest management systems are discussed. Procedures are identified to achieve these goals.
Meta-analysis of diagnostic performance of serological tests for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and public health implications

Abstract Serology-based tests have become a key public health element in the COVID-19 pandemic to assess the degree of herd immunity that has been achieved in the population. These tests differ between one another in several ways. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of currently available SARS-CoV-2 serological tests, and assessed their real-world performance under scenarios of varying proportion of infected individuals. We included independent studies that specified the antigen used for antibody detection and used quantitative methods. We identified nine independent studies, of which six were based on commercial ELISA or CMIA/CLIA assays, and three on in-house tests. Test sensitivity ranged from 68% to 93% for IgM, from 65% to 100% for IgG, and from 83% to 98% for total antibodies. Random-effects models yielded a summary sensitivity of 82% (95%CI 75–88%) for IgM, and 85% for both IgG (95%CI 73–93%) and total antibodies (95%CI 74–94%). Specificity was very high for most tests, and its pooled estimate was 98% (95%CI 92–100%) for IgM and 99% (95%CI 98–100%) for both IgG and total antibodies. The heterogeneity of sensitivity and specificity across tests was generally high (I2>50%). In populations with a low prevalence (≤5%) of seroconverted individuals, the positive predictive value would be ≤88% for most assays, except those reporting perfect specificity. Our data suggest that the use of serological tests for large-scale prevalence surveys (or to grant “immunity passports”) are currently only justified in hard-hit regions, while they should be used with caution elsewhere.
Ptychography at the Linac Coherent Light Source in a parasitic geometry

X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) are being recognized as a powerful tool in an ever-increasing number of research fields, but are very limited as to the number of experiments that they can support. This work shows that more beamtime could be made available by using `parasitic' geometries, where a secondary experiment uses the X-ray beam that the primary experiment does not utilize. The first successful ptychography experiment, a scanning coherent diffractive imaging technique, in a parasitic geometry at an X-ray FEL is demonstrated. Utilizing the CXI hutch at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), it is shown that the obtained data are of high quality and that characterizing the beam using ptychography can be much faster than traditional imprinting methods.
A Rare Intracranial Collision Tumor of Meningioma and Metastatic Uterine Adenocarcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review.

Background A collision tumor is a rare entity consisting of 2 histologically distinct tumor types (benign or malignant) in the same anatomic location. This can occur from a tumor-to-tumor metastasis or as a result of 2 adjacent intracranial tumors colliding and growing together. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of collision tumor with confirmed meningioma and uterine adenocarcinoma. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed for the facilitative growth of collision tumors, including local epigenetic signaling. Clinically, it is important to consider collision tumors in the differential diagnosis of a rapidly growing intracranial lesion in the setting of systemic cancer to provide optimal surgical and postoperative management. Case Description A 78-year-old, right-handed woman with a known 10-year history of stable meningioma presented for evaluation of a right sphenoid wing lesion. She had recently completed treatment of uterine papillary serous carcinoma with no evidence of disease on follow-up imaging. On presentation, there was significant progression of the meningioma resulting in brain compression and right third nerve palsy. The patient underwent urgent resection of the lesion. Pathology demonstrated a collision tumor with a combination of metastatic uterine papillary serous carcinoma and meningioma. Conclusions It is important to consider a collision tumor when a patient with a benign intracranial lesion presents with rapid progression, even in the context of a systemic cancer that rarely metastasizes to the brain. Appropriate histopathologic assessment is crucial in these cases and can have a significant impact on treatment plan and prognosis.
Time-Dependent Fluorescence Spectroscopy to Quantify Complex Binding Interactions

Measuring the binding affinity for proteins that can aggregate or undergo complex binding motifs presents a variety of challenges. In this study, fluorescence lifetime measurements using intrinsic ...
Predictors and outcomes in breast cancer patients who did or did not pursue fertility preservation.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in reproductive age women, and treatment can affect fertility; however, there is often concern regarding the safety of increased estradiol (E2) levels and potential delays in treatment with ovarian stimulation for fertility preservation (FP). The aim of this study was to compare recurrence and survival in breast cancer patients who pursued FP without concurrent letrozole to those who did not (non-FP). We reviewed charts of women with breast cancer who contacted the FP patient navigator (PN) at Northwestern University from 01/2005–01/2018. Oncology and fertility outcome data were collected. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test or regression, as appropriate. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to examine breast cancer recurrence and survival. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS IBM Statistics 26.0 for Windows. 332 patients were included, of which 157 (47.3%) underwent FP. Median days to treatment after consulting the PN was 35 in the FP group and 21 in non-FP (p < 0.05). Cancer recurrence was noted in 7 (4.7%) FP patients and 13 (7.9%) non-FP patients (NS), and mortality in 5 (3.2%) FP patients and 7 (4.2%) non-FP patients (NS). Within the FP group, no significant differences were found in recurrence or mortality based on ER status, age, BMI, peak E2 level or total gonadotropin dose. Likelihood of pursuing FP was primarily a function of age and parity, and was not affected by breast cancer stage. To date, 21 have used cryopreserved specimens, and 13 (62%) had a live birth. FP is safe and effective in breast cancer patients, regardless of receptor status; E2 elevations and the 2-week delay in treatment start are unlikely to be clinically significant. These findings are unique in that our institution does not use concomitant letrozole during stimulation to minimize E2 elevations in breast cancer patients.
Finance and Misallocation: Evidence from Plant-Level Data

We study a model of industry dynamics in which idiosyncratic risk is uninsurable and establishments are subject to a financing constraint. We ask: does the model, when parameterized to match salient characteristics of plant-level data (Colombia and South Korea), predict large aggregate TFP losses from misallocation of factors across productive units? Our answer is: no. We estimate financing frictions that are fairly large: one-half of the establishments in both countries are constrained and face an external finance premium of 5% on average. Efficient establishments are, nonetheless, able to accumulate internal funds and quickly grow out of their borrowing constraints. Parameterizations of the model that hinder this process of internal accumulation can, in principle, cause very large TFP losses. Such parameterizations are, however, at odds with important features of plant-level data, most notably the difference in returns to factors across establishments that expand/contract (young vs. old) and the variability and persistence of plant-level sales.
Global/Industrial Diversification and Analyst Herding

The study we report examined herding behavior among security analysts in the 1980-98 period. Using panel data, we analyzed the impact of industrial and geographical diversification on herding among analysts. We compared the propensity toward herding of analysts covering domestic companies that are industrially focused and analysts focusing on companies that are diversified geographically and/or industrially. We provide evidence that herding is more pronounced among analysts concentrating on diversified companies. This result is consistent with the notion that herding behavior increases with task difficulty. Our results also show that herding among analysts reduces the market value of companies they cover, which indicates that the market penalizes herding behavior among security analysts. This effect was more pronounced for companies that are industrially and/or geographically diversified.
Docs and Cops: Origins and Ongoing Challenges of Evidence-Based Policing

What lessons can evidence-based policing draw from the three-decade history of evidence-based medicine? Ongoing research and practice in evidence-based medicine 1992–2021. Evidence-based medicine has not met its goals due to the difficulty of behavior change, but changing financial incentives and information technology advances are beginning to have a significant impact. Evidence-based policing may benefit from evidence-based medicine’s experiences with diffusion of innovation and changing inbred cultural practices.
Comparative efficacy of commonly used first-line chemotherapy regimens in advanced pancreatic cancer: A network meta-analysis.

403Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the deadliest cancers, ranking fourth in mortality and accounting for up to 7% of all cancer related deaths in the United States. For many years, ...
GnRH Neurons and Reproductive Behavior

Reproductive physiology must be coordinated with mating behavior in order to ensure reproductive success. Along with its key role in regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, the GnRH molecule is involved in the control of reproductive behavior. Nevertheless, while behavioral effects of GnRH have been known for thirty years, the mechanisms by which the decapeptide exerts these effects are still almost entirely unknown. This chapter will discuss the literature on effects of GnRH on sexual behavior in male and female animals. In addition, sex behavior itself has effects on GnRH cells. Therefore, a “feedback loop” between reproductive physiology and behavior, mediated by GnRH, may be a mechanism by which these complex processes are synchronized to ensure the propagation of sexually reproducing species.
First Clinical Studies and Trials

This chapter introduces 12 landmark trials that define the field. These clinical trials involve the first testing of drugs in large groups of patients and modified or altered practice.
Are we clear about the mechanisms by which biopsy evidence of interstitial fibrosis following cardiac transplantation helps predict late post-transplant coronary artery disease?

Transplant-associated coronary artery disease (TxCAD), or coronary vasculopathy, is the leading cause of death after the first year of transplantation and, once diagnosed, is associated with a mortality rate of >40% at two years [(1)][1]. Though coronary vasculopathy is widely believed to represent
Isolation and characterization of plant nuclei.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the isolation and characterization of plant nuclei. A number of procedures and variations on these procedures have been described for isolating plant nuclei. A wide range of homogenization buffers containing stabilizing agents such as sucrose, glycerol, or hexylene glycol and divalent cations have been employed along with filtration protocols and centrifugation strategies for isolating this plant organelle. Two additional treatments are often employed to aid in the isolation and purification of plant nuclei. One of these treatments involves immersing embryos, whole seedlings, or excised organs for a few minutes in cold diethylether and subsequent removal of this solvent. This treatment appears to facilitate the disruption of tissues and cells, and it also affects the integrity and stability of nuclei released during cell disruption. The second treatment employs a nonionic detergent—such as Triton X-100—for lysing contaminating organelles. Different plant organs and tissues present different levels of difficulty in purifying intact nuclei. The plant cell wall presents a substantial barrier to isolating fragile organelles, such as nuclei. In some cases (e.g., wheat and rice germ), the nuclei appear to be relatively stable and can be easily isolated without rupture. In other cases (e.g., soybean hypocotyl or plumule and cauliflower curd), the nuclei are fragile, and these plant materials generally require an ether treatment to isolate intact, relatively undamaged nuclei.
Phase invasion in a fracture shear zone: Analysis with Macro Modified Invasion Percolation

An alternative conceptual model for phase invasion based on modifications of invasion percolation is formulated and applied to model gas invasion from an injection well to a withdrawal well within an initially water saturated, fracture shear zone. In the Macro Modified Invasion Percolation model, phase growth is determined by variable capillary forces in combination with gravity and first order viscous forces (embodied in a simple single phase viscous dipole solution). Results of a parametric study demonstrate the relative influences of capillary force variability, Bond number, and Capillary number on withdrawal well capture and the intervening phase structure.
Forced Response of a Centrifugal Compressor Stage Due to the Impeller–Diffuser Interaction

The impact mode coupling between impeller blades and the disk backwall has on the forced response amplitude of impeller blades is assessed. The assessments focus on the forced response of two splitter blade modes to a variety of representative boundary conditions and unsteady loadings. The forcing function is the synchronous unsteady loading generated by the impeller-diffuser interaction at resonance. The results indicate that modal coupling of blade and disk dominant modes renders the forced response highly sensitive to small variations in airfoil and disk backwall thickness. As a complement, a reduced-order model based on the forced response of a two mass-spring system is used to elucidate the physical interaction of modal coupling. The practical implication of this finding is that a forced response issue with an impeller blade cannot be addressed adequately by stiffening the structure, such as thickening the blade or disk. Thus appropriate measures need to be taken to avoid potential blade-disk mode couplings within the manufacturing tolerances of the part.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Hepatic glutathione and hepatotoxicity: Effects of cytochrome P-450 complexing compounds skf 525-A, l-α acetylmethadol (LAAM), norLAAM, and piperonyl butoxide

Abstract Four compounds forming metabolic intermediate complexes with cytochrome P-450 in vitro were studied for their effects on hepatic glutathione in the mouse. All four compounds depleted glutathione within 1–3 hr after administration. The effect was transient for piperonyl butoxide while lasting at least 24 hr for other compounds. Induction of the mixed-function oxidase system by phenobarbital had no effect on the glutathione-depleting actions of the compounds, but induction with 3-methylcholanthrene abolished the depletion seen with piperonyl hutoxide and SKF 525-A. For SKF 525-A, l -α-acetylmethadol (LAAM) and norLAAM, the persistent lowering of glutathione was paralleled by elevations in serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) activity. This depletion of glutathione and subsequent elevations in SGPT were found to be strain and species dependent for SKF 525-A, LAAM and norLAAM. Compounds which complex with cytochrome P-450 in vitro may increase drug toxicities in vivo by mechanisms other than inhibition of oxidative drug metabolism.
Tropical Ecosystems and Ecological Concepts: Rivers, floodplains and estuaries

Rivers and streams have a one-way, downhill flow, and in these lotic (cf. lentic) environments, flow rate impacts the nature of plant and animal communities. Rivers also differ from standing waters in their longitudinal diversity . This change in riverine features from headwaters to mouth contrasts with the horizontal zonation (littoral to pelagic) and vertical stratification found in deep lakes. Even many large rivers are shallow and vertical stratification only occurs in slow-flowing, non-turbulent sections and in estuaries (see section 6.5). Some rivers do have deep sections – the lower reaches of the Amazon River, for example, are up to 100 m deep. Many rivers, particularly in the tropics, also have significant interactions with the land lining the main river channel through inundation of this land, the floodplain . This lateral water movement, particularly in the lower reaches of many rivers, is frequently of greater ecological significance than the transport of materials and organisms from the upper catchment (Box 6.1). Organisms inhabiting floodplains are subject to an alternation of aquatic and terrestrial phases and exhibit a range of strategies that adapt them to this fluctuating environment. Floodplains play a significant functional role in the nutrient balance and energy flow within the river system, and the relationship between a river and its floodplain is both intimate and complex.
The effect of corporatism on contemporary public attitudes to welfare

Cet article examine les arguments pouvant expliquer le lien entre le soutien de l'opinion publique pour des depenses gouvernementales accrues dans les programmes sociaux et la force d'intervention etatique au niveau social dans six pays de l'OCDE : Autriche, Allemagne, Grande-Bretagne, Etats-Unis, Australie et Italie. L'A., pour ce faire, met en evidence la correlation entre le soutien public et le degre de corporatisme comme indicateur de l'intervention etatique dans ces pays (forme de cette intervention et decisions politiques sur des periodes et secteurs tres cibles). L'hypothese attestant que les actions de l'Etat-providence sont fortement influencees par l'attitude du public (these des contraintes populaires) est mise en question. D'autres explications potentielles sont egalement examinees pour justifier du manque de correlation entre les preferences populaires et les dispositions de l'Etat
Grain size effects in the strain hardening of polycrystals

The degree to which the flow stress of a polycrystal is sensitive to grain size is discussed in terms of the distribution of slip and dislocation structure that develops in the vicinity of grain boundaries as deformation proceeds. The point of view is taken that the two principal classes of grain boundary hardening models, namely, those based on dislocation pile-ups and those based on dislocation density concepts respectively represent special cases of a single rationale developed in this paper. Grain boundary strengthening is intimately related to strain hardening which is affected by slip mode,i.e., the number of slip systems and the ability to cross slip. The effects of substitutional solute elements on grain boundary strengthenings is considered to be a consequence of their influence on slip modes rather than on their interaction with dislocation sources.
Angiogenesis and Vascular Remodeling in Inflammation and Cancer: Biology and Architecture of the Vasculature

Blood vessels proliferate by sprouting from existing vessels (angiogenesis) and undergo changes in phenotype (vascular remodeling) in inflammatory diseases, tumors, and many other chronic conditions. Changes in newly formed and remodeled blood vessels are disease-specific, as they reflect vascular adaptations to environmental cues unique to each condition. In inflamed tissues, vascular remodeling expands the vasculature and increases blood flow, plasma leakage, and inflammatory cell influx, which contribute to the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of the disease. Remodeling of endothelial cells into a venular phenotype, typical of sustained inflammation, is accompanied by expression of molecules that promote endothelial gap formation and leukocyte rolling, attachment, and migration. Blood vessels in tumors differ from those in inflammation. Endothelial cells in tumors undergo disorganized sprouting, proliferation and regression, and become dependent on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or other factors for survival. The growing vasculature enables tumor enlargement, but structural defects impair endothelial barrier function and increase interstitial pressure and luminal resistance, diminish blood flow, and alter immune cell traffic. Oxygen delivery may be inadequate for tumor cell viability despite the rich vascularity. Inhibition of VEGF signaling in tumors stops sprouting angiogenesis and triggers regression of some tumor vessels while normalizing others. Some capillaries in normal thyroid, pancreatic islets, and intestine may also regress after VEGF blockade, but most remodeled vessels at sites of inflammation do not. Pericytes and empty sleeves of vascular basement membrane persist after endothelial cells regress and provide a scaffold for blood vessel regrowth, which can occur within days after the inhibition ends. The clinical efficacy of VEGF signaling inhibitors in cancer and age-related macular degeneration provides proof of concept and stimulates the search for even more effective agents. Further advances in vascular biology will lead to more powerful strategies for controlling blood vessel growth and regression in health and disease.
Tobacco use, prevention, and cessation: introduction to the special section. IADR Symposium on Tobacco Use, Prevention, and Cessation. March 9, 2002.

Dr. Greene is Dean Emeritus of the University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry and Chair of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR) ad hoc Committee on Tobacco. He served as moderator of the symposium, held March 9, 2002, in San Diego, CA. Direct correspondence to him at 103 Peacock Drive, San Rafael, CA 94901-1551; 415-457-2207 phone; 415-457-2207 fax; jgreene@itsa.ucsf.edu.