cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Active Distributed RC Networks

This work presents a general method for the synthesis of any open-circuit transfer function, which is expressed as a rational function with real coefficients. It is shown that such functions can be realized by using two distributed RC elements (modified by active units if necessary), one negative impedance converter and one lumped capacitor. The distributed RC element used here is a three-layer structure, a pure dielectric sandwiched in between a perfect conductor and a resistive film.
Anthropology Today for the Anthropologists of Tomorrow

Identity, Survival, and Change: Exploring Social/Cultural Anthropology. Joseph B. Aceves. The Cultural Context: An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology. Robert Anderson. An Introduction to Anthropology, Volume 2: Ethnology. Victor Barnouw. The Human Way: Readings in Anthropology. H. Russell Bernard. A Reader in Culture Change. Volume 1: Theories. Volume 2: Case Studies. Ivan Brady and Barry Isaac, eds. Field Projects in Anthropology: A Student Handbook. Julia G. Crane and Michael V. Angrosino. Responses to Change: Society, Culture, and Personality. George A. DeVos, ed. Human Nature: An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology. James F. Downs The Study and Teaching of Anthropology: An Annotated Bibliography. Susan Dwyer-Schick The Student Anthropologist's Handbook: A Guide to Research, Training, and Career. Charles Frantz. The Study of Anthropology. Morton H. Fried. Ideas of Culture: Sources and Uses. Frederick C. Gamst and Edward Norbeck, eds. Cultural Anthropology. Paul G. Hiebert. Cultural and Social Anthropology. E. Adamson Hoebel and Everett L. Frost. Custom-Made: Introductory Readings for Cultural Anthropology. Charles C. Hughes, ed. Anthropology: Contemporary Perspectives. David E. Hunter and Phillip Whitten, eds. The Study of Anthropology. David E. Hunter and Phillip Whitten. Anthropology: The Humanizing Process. Evelyn S. Kessler. Frontiers of Anthropology: An Introduction to Anthropological Thinking. Murray J. Leaf, ed. The Human Adventure: An Introduction to Anthropology. Gretel H. Pelto and Pertti J. Pelto. The Evolution of Human Adaptations: Readings in Anthropology. John J. Poggie, Jr., Gretel H. Pelto, and Pertti J. Pelto, eds. Social Problems in Corporate America. Helen Icken Safa and Gloria Levitas, eds. A Transaction/Society Textbook. The Study of Cultural Anthropology. Ernest L. Schusky. The Human Experience: Readings in Sociocultural Anthropology. David H. Spain, ed. Introduction to Cultural Anthropology. Robert B. Taylor.
Air-Sea Heat Flux Measurements from Nearly Neutrally Buoyant Floats

Abstract The ability of neutrally buoyant, high-drag floats to measure the air–sea heat flux from within the turbulent oceanic boundary layer is investigated using float data from four different winter and fall float deployments. Two flux estimates can be made: Q0A measures the vertical advection of heat, and Q0D integrates the Lagrangian heating rate. Because the floats are only imperfectly Lagrangian, a key issue is diagnosing the ability of a given set of float data to make accurate flux measurements. A variety of diagnostics are explored and evaluated. Here Q0A and Q0D are compared to heat flux measurements computed using bulk formulas and shipboard measurements for one 2-week cruise. Quality controlled float-based fluxes agree with bulk fluxes to within 10 W m−2 for both positive and negative values. The differences are well within the expected statistical errors in the float measurements and the bias errors of the bulk measurements.
Convergence and Approximation of the Sturm–Liouville Operators with Potentials-Distributions

We study the operators L n y = −(p n y′)′+q n y, n ∈ ℤ+ , given on a finite interval with various boundary conditions. It is assumed that the function q n is a derivative (in a sense of distributions) of Q n and 1/p n , Q n /p n , and $$ {Q}_n^2/{p}_n $$ are integrable complex-valued functions. The sufficient conditions for the uniform convergence of Green functions G n of the operators L n on the square as n → ∞ to G 0 are established. It is proved that every G 0 is the limit of Green functions of the operators L n with smooth coefficients. If p 0 > 0 and Q 0(t) ∈ ℝ, then they can be chosen so that p n > 0 and q n are real-valued and have compact supports.
Weathering-controlled abrasion in a coarse-grained, meandering reach of the Rio Grande: Implications for the rock record

Abrasion mill analysis of fluvial clast (>4.0 mm) abrasion in a meandering reach of the Rio Grande, south-central Colorado, indicates that (1) abrasion rates of natural clasts from various locations in the channel and flood plain differ very little, (2) abrasion rates in the first few hours are high, then drop to much lower levels for these natural clasts, and (3) a previously experimentally abraded clast sample, otherwise identical to natural samples, had a much lower initial abrasion rate than any natural samples. The initial high abrasion rate of all natural clasts can be attributed to the presence of an easily abraded weathered layer. We interpret the relatively abrupt drop in abrasion rate after a few hours of abrasion to the complete removal of the weathered layer and the exposure of more resistant rock. The low initial abrasion rate of the previously experimentally abraded sample supports this interpretation and also indicates that none of the clasts in the river have been abraded as extensively as the experimentally abraded samples. From this we infer that clasts have not traveled very far in the channel. These results have led to the development of a weathering-controlled abrasion model to explain the effect of abrasion on downstream fining (size reduction over distance downstream). Weathering-controlled abrasion is essentially a step function in time, composed of the alternation of long periods of weathering with no abrasion (flood-plain storage) with very brief but intense periods of mechanical abrasion (channel transport). This alternation of weathering and abrasion can produce a net abrasion rate sufficient to generate the amount of downstream fining present along the Rio Grande and also can explain why many abrasion mill experiments (which simulate abrasion but not weathering) fail to reproduce natural abrasion rates. Changes in the amount of fluvial downstream fining in an aggrading basin margin (and thus, in the rock record) can result from variation in selective deposition (temporary or permanent flood-plain storage) or from changes in the abrasion rate. Experiments demonstrate, however, that the complex interaction between these two processes may in some cases obscure the tectonic signal that is commonly interpreted from basin margin depositional geometries.
Initial field trial of a coach-supported web-based depression treatment

Early web-based depression treatments were often self-guided and included few interactive elements, instead focusing mostly on delivering informational content online. Newer programs include many more types of features. As such, trials should analyze the ways in which people use these sites in order to inform the design of subsequent sites and models of support. The current study describes of a field trial consisting of 9 patients with major depressive disorder who completed a 12-week program including weekly coach calls. Patients usage varied widely, however, patients who formed regular patterns tended to persist with the program for the longest. Future sites might be able to facilitate user engagement by designing features to support regular use and to use coaches to help establish patterns to increase long-term use and benefit.
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) history fails to affect THC's ability to induce place preferences in rats.

Abstract Rationale In pre-clinical models of marijuana abuse, there is relatively limited evidence of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol's (THC) rewarding effects, as indexed by its general inability to induce a place preference. One explanation for this failure is that its rewarding effects are masked by its concurrently occurring aversive properties. Consistent with this explanation, THC pre-exposure, which presumably weakens its aversive effects, induces place preferences. Such demonstrations are limited to mice and given reported species differences in THC reactivity, it is unknown to what extent the same shift in affective properties would be evident in rats. Methods The present experiment examined the effect of THC history (3.2 mg/kg) on THC (1 or 3.2 mg/kg) induced place preference conditioning in rats. An assessment of taste avoidance was also run to independently characterize THC's aversive effects and any changes that occurred with drug pre-exposure. These assessments were made in a combined taste avoidance/place preference procedure in which a novel saccharin solution and environment were paired with THC (0, 1 or 3.2 mg/kg). Results THC did not induce place conditioning, and a history of THC was ineffective in increasing THC's ability to do so, despite the fact that this same history significantly attenuated the aversive effects of THC. Conclusions The failure of THC to consistently induce place preferences has been argued to be a function of its concurrently occurring aversive effects masking its rewarding properties. The fact that pre-exposure to THC significantly reduced its aversive effects without impacting THC's ability to induce place preferences suggests that THC has weak rewarding effects and/or its residual aversive affects may have still masked its rewarding properties. An important area for future work will be characterizing under what conditions THC is rewarding and whether its overall reinforcing effects are impacted by the relationship between its affective properties.
The Demand for Healthcare Regulation: The Effect of Political Pressure on Occupational Licensing Laws

Using data on political spending in state elections and information on occupational licensing laws, this study considers the role of political contributions by healthcare professional interest groups in states’ decisions to enact occupational licensing laws. These laws govern how different professions may operate in healthcare markets, and while they ostensibly exist to protect consumers, these laws can also insulate professionals from competition in healthcare markets. Higher political spending by physician interest groups increases the probability that a state maintains licensing laws restricting the practices of nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs) — two professions that compete with physicians in healthcare markets. Conversely, increased spending by hospital interest groups increases the probability that a state allows NPs and PAs to practice with more autonomy. Groups directly associated with NPs and PAs have little effect on licensing laws. These results are consistent with the investment theory of political spending.
Software Visualization

This half-day tutorial gives an overview of the current state-of-the-art in software visualization. Software visualization encompasses the development and evaluation of methods for graphically representing different aspects of software, including its structure, its execution, and its evolution. In contrast to visual programming and diagramming for software design, software visualization is not so much concerned with the construction, but with the analysis of programs and their development process. Software visualization combines techniques from areas like software engineering, programming languages, data mining, computer graphics, information visualization and human-computer interaction. Topics covered in this tutorial include static program visualization, algorithm animation, visual debugging, as well as the visualization of the evolution of software. In particular we identify common principles illustrated by many examples and give pointers to tools available today.
Study of the C60/Ag Interface of a Large Area Nanoarchitectured Ag Substrate Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

Plasmonic Ag nanopillars have been fabricated and used as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. The effective surface area of the sample is determined using underpotential deposition (UPD) of thallium and agrees well with a geometrical calculation using ImageJ analysis of SEM images. In order to find the SERS enhancement factor (SEF), a similar sample is coated with Pt, which shows no plasmon response at the excitation wavelength of 532 nm. SEF values on the order of 105 are obtained for Ag nanopillar substrates. Several monolayers of C60 were deposited on these Ag nanopillars, and the Raman spectral results indicate charge delocalization at the interface between C60 and Ag. FDTD simulation of the electric field confirms the experimental results; on the basis of these simulations, the electric field modulates with increasing diameter of the pillars, while the pitch (center-to-center distance) is fixed at 200 nm.
Understanding School Effects on Students’ Willingness to Report Peer Weapon Carrying

Research on student willingness to report peer weapon carrying points to the importance of school climate and contributions favorable to reporting. This study fills a gap by examining the etiology of willingness to report weapons on campus using predictors at the individual- and school levels. We utilize data from high school student self-reporting; results suggest that 34% of students reported having seen or having personal knowledge of a weapon in school in the prior 3 months. Students who report higher levels of school attachment, seeing or knowing of a weapon, have higher grades, and know about security measures were significantly more likely to report seeing weapons. Implications are discussed.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: routine serologic evaluation in a general hospital population.

A unified approach to the serologic evaluation of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) using a panel of tests is described. The “hemolytic panel” includes direct antiglobulin tests followed by study of eluates, classification and identification of autoantibodies at 37 and 4 C. with untreated and pretreated papainized cells, identification of associated isoantibodies, and screening tests for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH). Three hundred fifty-four patients with unexplained anemia and/or positive direct Coombs tests were studied. Eighty-eight cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia were found: 57 warm-antibody, 25 coldantibody, and two cases each of PCH, PNH, and T-activation. Eighteen of the warm-antibody hemolytic anemias were associated with alpha-methyldopa therapy. Serologic characterization of autoantibodies was used as a guide to transfusion in 24 cases. Clinicopathologic features of the cases are reviewed.
Effects of Concentration, Crystal Structure, Magnetism, and Electronic Structure Method on First-Principles Oxygen Vacancy Formation Energy Trends in Perovskites

Systematic prediction of the redox reaction energetics of large sets of 3d transition metal oxides is imperative to the selection of oxygen carrier candidates in applications ranging from chemical looping to solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathode design. In particular, the energetic study of oxygen vacancy formation in unmixed perovskites with La, alkali, and alkaline A-site metal cations—as well as 3d transition metal B-site cations—is a crucial first step in understanding the energetic tunability afforded by cation doping in ABO3 materials. An assessment of the relative oxygen vacancy formation energetics of LaBO3, SrBO3, and similar materials that serve as a guideline for predicting energetics in related systems is completed below using density functional theory (DFT). This assessment illustrates which simplifications can be made in the prediction of energetics trends without affecting trend order. The independent consideration of oxygen vacancy concentration, crystal structure, and antiferromagnetic (AF...
Cross Junction Spin Wave Logic Architecture

Backward volume magnetostatic spin wave interference in ferromagnetic cross is explored. Spin waves are excited at the two input arms of the cross, interference signal amplitude, and phase are detected in the other two, output arms of the cross. Spin wave scattering defines the out of phase interference in the output arms of the cross: the constructive (destructive) interference is observed at different input wave phase shifts in different output arms of the cross. Numeric simulations are in a good agreement with experiment. Based on the observed interference, we propose the cross junction spin wave logic device that operates as an OR or NOR logic gates. Spin wave phase represents the logic information. Destructive and constructive interference in the cross center determines the phase of the device output.
PS-200 Hospital-level Variation In Radmission Rates Of Neonatal Intensive Care (nicu) Patients: A Potential Quality Measure

Background Variation in readmission rates may assess the quality of a provider through the quality of inpatient care or transitions from inpatient to outpatient providers. The aim of this project was to validate readmission rates as a measure of NICU quality. Methods Using birth certificates linked to maternal and infant hospital discharge records, a cohort was constructed of 23–34 week gestation infants who survived to hospital discharge at a California hospital discharging over 50 such infants per year between 1995–2009 (N = 296,509 at 141 hospitals). Unadjusted variations in hospital readmission rates within 7, 14, 30, 90, and 365 days after discharge were compared to rates adjusted for hospital casemix, including patient gestational age, insurance status, race/ethnicity, and maternal education, and BPD, IVH, NEC, and ROP as measures of chronic health conditions. Results Unadjusted readmission rates varied significantly between hospitals and across geographic regions, ranging from 2.2–28.4% 7–14 days after discharge to 2.7–34.4% 365 days after discharge. Some of this variation was explained by hospital casemix. However, after risk adjustment, there remained a 7.9–11.5 fold difference in readmission rates between hospitals with the lowest and highest rates across the five time frames that did not change when complications of preterm birth were included in the risk-adjustment model. Conclusions There is substantial variation in readmission rates of premature infants that is only partially explained by gestational age and social factors. Readmission rates may provide a measure of the quality of NICU care and the integration of services within a geographic area.
CLINICAL ASPECTS OF PANCREATITIS. AN ANALYSIS OF 100 CONSECUTIVE CASES.

An attack of acute pancreatitis should prompt a thorough search for an underlying causative disease and its eradication when possible. The surgical procedures which have proved most successful in preventing recurrences are those which correct organic biliary tract disease. Direct drain age procedures designed to relieve obstruction of the pancreatic ducts have recently been performed in a small number of patients with chronic pancreatitis and appeal to hold promise.
Angiotensin II does not contribute to rapid reflex control of arterial pressure

Pharmacological blockade of the renin-angiotensin converting enzyme reportedly alters the heart rate (HR) power spectrum in conscious dogs, suggesting that these hormones contribute to the short-term regulation of arterial blood pressure. We tested this possibility using four independent procedures. First, HR power spectrum was determined in seven awake dogs before and after administration of enalaprilat (300 ng/kg), a converting-enzyme inhibitor. There were no significant changes in the average amplitude for the spectral peak between 0.003 and 0.1 Hz (i.e., the "low-frequency peak"). Second, the HR power spectrum was measured in 11 awake rabbits before and after treatment with deoxycorticosterone acetate (1 mg.kg-1.day-1) and salt (0.9% saline ad libitum) for 7 days to depress plasma renin levels. There were no significant changes in the amplitude of the HR power spectrum, although mean HR decreased from 206 +/- 3 to 184 +/- 4 beats/min after treatment. In the third experiment, another group of rabbits (n = 8) was tested after 2 wk on a low-salt diet to elevate plasma angiotensin levels and then after 2 wk on a normal salt diet. Once again there were no significant effects on the HR power spectrum. Finally, tranquilized dogs (n = 9) were subjected to sinusoidally varying lower body negative pressure at selected frequencies of 0.008-0.12 Hz. Tests were conducted in the control state and after administration of an angiotensin receptor antagonist (saralasin, 1 microgram.kg-1.min-1). Lower body negative pressure-induced fluctuations in arterial blood pressure were similar in both states. We find no evidence for the role of the renin-angiotensin system in the moment-to-moment regulation of arterial pressure and HR.
Consummation of Smart Power Consumption Communication Loop Based on NFC

To optimize the communication link of the smart power consumption system, this paper analyzes the situations of communication link, and proposes a NFC-based solution for building a closed communication link for the smart power consumption system. And then, the real application cases are given. Finally, the future direction to design an optimized information flow and business flow and the probable system architecture of the smart power consumption system are described.
Extracting Instantaneous Characters of Signals Using Digital Orthogonal Transform Technology Based on Multiphase Filter

The method of extracting instantaneous characters of communication signals is studied.Instantaneous amplitude and phase main sequences of signals are extracted through sampling,decimating and filtering of Intermediate Frequency( IF) signal to complete orthogonal decomposition of signal. Using algorithms of phase unwrapping and linear programming to estimate unwrapped instantaneous nonlinear phase and using the differential character of Fourier transform to estimate instantaneous frequency of signal are described. These methods can efficiently estimate instantaneous frequency and achieve satisfying result in automatic identification of digital modulations.
Environmental Regulation and U.S. State-Level Production

Using data from the U.S. over the period 1977 - 1986, we estimate the impact of environmental policy on state-level output using both parametric and nonparametric techniques. We find that while the added flexibility of the nonparametric approach yields much insight, the lack of a relationship between environmental regulation and output is quite robust.
The Association of the Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D DNA Helicase (XPD) with Transcription Factor IIH Is Regulated by the Cytosolic Iron-Sulfur Cluster Assembly Pathway

Xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) helicase is a component of the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) transcription complex and plays essential roles in transcription and nucleotide excision repair. Although iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster binding by XPD is required for activity, the process mediating Fe-S cluster assembly remains poorly understood. We recently identified a cytoplasmic Fe-S cluster assembly (CIA) targeting complex composed of MMS19, CIAO1, and FAM96B that is required for the biogenesis of extramitochondrial Fe-S proteins including XPD. Here, we use XPD as a prototypical Fe-S protein to further characterize how Fe-S assembly is facilitated by the CIA targeting complex. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that this process occurs in a stepwise fashion in which XPD acquires a Fe-S cluster from the CIA targeting complex before assembling into TFIIH. First, XPD was found to associate in a mutually exclusive fashion with either TFIIH or the CIA targeting complex. Second, disrupting Fe-S cluster assembly on XPD by either 1) depleting cellular iron levels or 2) utilizing XPD mutants defective in either Fe-S cluster or CIA targeting complex binding blocks Fe-S cluster assembly and prevents XPD incorporation into TFIIH. Finally, subcellular fractionation studies indicate that the association of XPD with the CIA targeting complex occurs in the cytoplasm, whereas its association with TFIIH occurs largely in the nucleus where TFIIH functions. Together, these data establish a sequential assembly process for Fe-S assembly on XPD and highlight the existence of quality control mechanisms that prevent the incorporation of immature apoproteins into their cellular complexes.
The Processus Vaginalis and Gubernaculum: Their Raison d’Etre Redefined

While authorities are agreed that the presence of a patent processus vaginalis is directly responsible for inguinal hernia, there is much controversy about how this occurs. With the aid of embryology and comparative anatomy, a possible explanation of the role of the processus vaginalis and gubernaculum in the development of the inguinal canal and scrotum is offered.
Integrating provenance into an operational data product information system

Knowledge of how a science data product has been generated is a critical component to determining its fitness-for-use for a given analysis. One objective of science information systems is to allow users to search for data products based on a wide range of criteria; spatial and temporal extent, observed parameter, research domain, and organizational project are common search criteria. Currently, science information systems are geared towards helping users find data, but not in helping users determine how the products were generated. An information system that exposes the provenance of available data products, that is what observations, assumptions, and science processing were involved in the generation of the data products, would contribute significant benefit to user fitness-for-use decision-making. In this work we discuss semantics-driven provenance extensions to the Virtual Solar Terrestrial Observatory (VSTO) information system. The VSTO semantic web portal uses an ontology to provide a unified search and product retrieval interface to data in the fields of solar, solar-terrestrial, and space physics. We have developed an extension to the VSTO ontology that allows it to express item-level data product records. We will show how the Open Provenance Model (OPM) and the Proof Markup Language (PML) can be used to express the provenance of data product records. Additionally, we will discuss ways in which domain semantics can aid in the formulation - and answering - of provenance queries. Our extension to the VSTO ontology has also been integrated with a solar-terrestrial profile of the Observation and Measurement (OM we utilize this integration to connect observation events to the data product record lineage. Our additions to the VSTO ontology will allow us to extend the VSTO web portal user interface with search criteria based on provenance and observation characteristics. More critically, provenance information will allow the VSTO portal to display important knowledge about selected data records; what science processes and assumptions were applied to generate the record, what observations the record derives from, and the results of quality processing that had been applied to the record and any records it derives from. We conclude by showing our interface for showing record provenance information and discuss how it aids users in determining fitness-for-use of the data.
The Implications of Parental Consanguinity on the Care of Neonates.

Background Approximately 6% of births worldwide, 7.9 million children, are born with a serious genetic congenital abnormality each year. A factor thought to increase the prevalence of birth defects is parental consanguinity, which is a social custom practiced in at least 20% of the world's population. Purpose The purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between consanguinity and congenital defects. This article also aims to enhance neonatal healthcare practitioners' comprehension of its implications for practice and research. Methods A review of literature was compiled from a search of the online databases Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), PubMed, EBSCO MegaFILE, and Google Scholar. Results Literature pertinent to this topic primarily consists of research studies that examine the inbreeding depression phenomenon through comparison of the prevalence of birth defects among the offspring of consanguineous and nonconsanguineous couples. Current studies indicate that the progeny of consanguineous couples are at an increased risk of congenital defects compared with those of nonconsanguineous couples. Implications for practice Consanguinity is one risk factor among many that can lead to a major birth defect. Relationships between consanguineous populations and neonatal healthcare practitioners such as registered nurses, advanced practice nurses, and physicians could significantly alter neonatal health outcomes. Specific recommendations such as genetic counseling and therapeutic communication are discussed. Implications for research Further studies need to investigate the connection between consanguinity and birth defects while controlling for nongenetic variables. Moreover, a focus on consanguineous communities in the United States would prove beneficial.
Balance of Forces: Separation of Powers Law in the Administrative State

How can an eighteenth-century Constitution effectively control a twenty-first century government? Harold Bruff, who is Thomson Professor of Law at the University of Colorado, addresses this question in his book. He explores and critiques the law that governs the relationships among the three constitutional branches and between them and the massive administrative bureaucracy that has arisen. His analysis considers the constitutional history of our system, the structure and nature of the federal government, and the available modes of legal analysis of separation of powers issues. The courts play a central role in maintaining the rule of law while recognizing discretion that any effective government needs. For example, arguments about inherent executive power balance national needs to meet emergencies against competing needs to constrain the executive branch. In turn, the courts are controlled by congressional definition of their jurisdiction and presidential nomination of their judges. Two of the most important checks and balances are the President's veto and Congress's power of the purse. These devices create a stabilizing mutual dependency between the two branches. Each of the branches has some autonomy; for example, officers of all three branches possess important but limited immunities from civil damages for their actions. Bruff examines the delicate tradeoffs between autonomy and accountability of government officers: how Congress exercises the ultimate impeachment power over members of the other two branches, how information about government activities promotes accountability, and how doctrines such as executive privilege shield some activities from our scrutiny. Bruff also canvasses the ways that the elected branches oversee the bureaucracy. Both branches engage in vigorous oversight of policy formation in the bureaucracy, as they compete to control the administrative state.
Removal of aluminium and iron from surface water by conventional water treatment

Detailed source water monitoring showed large variations in the total concentrations of aluminium and iron in the Vaal Dam, South Africa, which were highlighted as a specific concern for one of the largest drinking water treatment plants in South Africa. This study aimed to better understand the presence of these metals in the source water, removal of these metals through conventional treatment process, and the final water quality trends, for the period 2008 to 2014. Aluminium and iron concentrations were highly variable; and showed significant influence on colour and turbidity in source water. Sedimentation performed well, and removed over 70% of the metal concentrations from the raw water. Filtration removed 15% of the remaining aluminium and iron concentrations. The pH and turbidity of the final water had minor effects on the metal concentration in the final water. The conventional treatment process was shown to be capable in removing aluminium and iron from the source water as both were within water quality limits in the final water. This study highlighted the importance of source water quality monitoring and treatment plant efficacy in evaluating whether the current treatment technology is appropriate for current and future challenges.
Intra-articular Shoulder Joint Injection (Fluoroscopically Guided)

: Primarily used for documented glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis/labral tear/adhesive capsulitis.
Emergence of Neo-Islamic Political Capital in Turkey

The fifth chapter examines the cultural capital formation of the neo-Islamic bourgeoisie. Accumulation of economic and political capitals provided opportunity spaces for accumulation of cultural capital in the last three decades. The symbols of culture were reconfigured through Islamic media, educational institutions, and commodification of religion. Cultural capital was an important aspect of neo-Islamic bourgeoisie that differentiate them from other lower Islamic classes and secular bourgeoisie. For example, in this process, head scarf, as a signifier, changed its meaning from just signifying moderation and religiosity to class consciousness. Now equipped with political, economic capital and embedded in capitalist culture, the neo-Islamic bourgeoisie attaches more value to the means that facilitates this new bourgeois lifestyle. However, in cultural capital formation, neo-Islamic bourgeoisie is not as successful as they have been in political and cultural capital formation. The effects of globalization with new instruments such as marketing and advertisement enabled commodification of Islam and Islamic culture. The new class failed to create an alternative to neo-liberal culture of consumerism.
cMYC expression in thyroid follicular cell-derived carcinomas: a role in thyroid tumorigenesis

cMYC regulates approximately 15% of human genes and is involved in up to 20% of all human cancers. Reports discussing cMYC protein expression in thyroid carcinomas are limited, with controversies pertaining to cMYC expression patterns noted in the literature. The aims of the current study were to clarify patterns and intensities of cMYC expression in follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinomas across a spectrum of cancer morphologies and disease aggressivities, to correlate cMYC with BRAFV600E expression, and to evaluate the potential role of cMYC in progression of well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas into less well-differentiated carcinomas. Immunohistochemical studies using specific monoclonal antibodies for cMYC and BRAFV600E were performed on tissue microarrays built from follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinomas (25 papillary, 24 follicular, 24 oncocytic variant of follicular, and 21 undifferentiated). In addition, cMYC IHC testing was also performed on whole tissue tumor sections from a subset of patients. Nodular hyperplasia cases were used as non-neoplastic controls. Appropriate positive and negative controls were included. cMYC was expressed almost exclusively in a nuclear fashion in both thyroid carcinomas and nodular hyperplasias. cMYC expression was weakly positive in both nodular hyperplasias and well-differentiated carcinomas. The majority of undifferentiated carcinomas (UDCs) showed strong nuclear cMYC positivity. PTC cases that were positive for cMYC (6/25) harbored the BRAF V600E mutation. A correlation was confirmed between cMYC intensity and tumor size in UDCs. UDC cases that developed out of well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas showed frank overexpression of cMYC in the undifferentiated tumor components. Our study suggests that nuclear overexpression of cMYC correlates with tumorigenesis / dedifferentiation in follicular cell derived thyroid carcinomas, a concept that has not been shown before on whole tissue sections.
Asymmetric Junctions Boost in-Plane Thermal Transport in Pillared Graphene

Hybrid 3D nanoarchitectures by covalent connection of 1D and 2D nanomaterials are currently in high demands to overcome the intrinsic anisotropy of the parent materials. This letter reports the junction configuration-mediated thermal transport properties of Pillared Graphene (PGN) using reverse nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The asymmetric junctions can offer ∼20% improved in-plane thermal transport in PGN, unlike the intuition that their wrinkled graphene sheets cause phonon scattering. This asymmetric trait, which entails lower phonon scattering provides a new degree of freedom to boost thermal properties of PGN and potentially other hybrid nanostructures.
Abstract 24: Comparison of full-thickness versus split-thickness skin graft reconstruction of scalp defects

Objective: To compare the surgical outcomes of patients who underwent full-thickness skin grafts (FTSG) versus split-thickness skin grafts (STSG) for the reconstruction of scalp defects. Background: A wide range of scalp defects may arise following oncologic resection of scalp malignancies and the reconstruction of such defects may be challenging for reconstructive surgeons. In larger surgical defects, skin grafts may be used to facilitate wound healing and decrease the complexity of wound care, especially when a lack of hair-bearing scalp is not a concern. The majority of literature on scalp reconstruction only describes the use of STSG and generally recommends it only on a well-vascularized wound bed with intact periosteum. There is also a general belief that FTSG have lower survival compared with STSG, although there are limited published data on the use of FTSG for scalp reconstruction or any data comparing the outcomes of these two methods in scalp reconstruction. This study seeks to provide the first objective comparison of surgical outcomes in FTSG versus STSG for the reconstruction of scalp defects. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent scalp reconstruction with skin grafts at a single-institution academic tertiary care center from 2011 and 2016. χ2 or Fisher exact tests were used to compare graft take and complication rates. The effects of graft type, defect type, graft size, and patient comorbidities on the likelihood of graft take and complications were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: 125 full-thickness and 93 split-thickness skin grafts were performed on 200 patients with scalp defects. FTSG required fewer average reconstructions compared with STSG (1.06 vs. 1.24, P = 0.002). 92.8% of FTSG had complete graft take compared to 78.5% of STSG (P = 0.002). This difference between complete graft take was more evident in defects with exposed calvarium (87.2% vs. 47.6%, P = Conclusion: Skin grafts, especially full-thickness, provide a versatile, reliable and simple approach for reconstructing medium to large scalp defects in the appropriate patient. Even on defects with bare calvarium, FTSG can have excellent graft take when a vascularized recipient bed is prepared. Defects with exposed bone, larger graft sizes, preoperative radiation and immunosuppression may result in decreased graft take and increased complications. Citation Format: Xue Zhao, Scott Mclean. Comparison of full-thickness versus split-thickness skin graft reconstruction of scalp defects [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-AHNS Head and Neck Cancer Conference: Optimizing Survival and Quality of Life through Basic, Clinical, and Translational Research; April 23-25, 2017; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(23_Suppl):Abstract nr 24.
Control of autophagosome size and number by Atg7.

The induction of bulk autophagy by nitrogen starvation in baker's yeast (S. cerevisiae) involves the upregulation of many autophagy related proteins, including Atg7. One way to investigate the importance of this upregulation is to measure the size and number of autophagosomes formed when insufficient amounts of that protein are available. Atg8 is known to affect autophagosome size, consistent with its role in phagophore expansion. Atg7 is upstream of Atg8, and might therefore be expected to affect only autophagosome size. We used electron microscopy to measure the size and number of autophagosomes formed with limiting amounts of Atg7 and found them to be both smaller and fewer than normal. This suggests that Atg7 may have an Atg8-independent role in autophagosome initiation in addition to its Atg8-dependent role in autophagosome expansion. We also present an improved simulation for estimating original autophagic body number based on the number of cross-sections observed in ultrathin sections.
Calculation of DOS-Dependent Channel Potentials in FETs in the Saturation Condition

We calculated functions for the potential, Vch, in the channel of a field effect transistor with various densities of the localized states (DOS) by using a device simulator. In the saturation condition, Vch is found to fit satisfactorily to the analytical function, Vch(y)=Vg(1-(1-y/L) k), where Vg is the gate bias, y is the position along the channel, and L is the channel length. The power k, which depends on the DOS, ranges from 0 to 0.5 even with an extensive variation of DOS. As a result, the total induced charge density in the saturation condition can be expressed a way similar to the linear condition by introducing a correction factor, alpha, ranging between 0.65 and 1.0.
“I Can’t Breathe”: Eric Garner and In/Out-Group Rhetorics

This article analyzes several popular news media narratives that describe the events surrounding Eric Garner’s death in 2014, including the circumstances of his arrest and the acquittal of the poli...
Volunteer Involvement and Organizational Performance: The Use of Volunteer Officers in Public Safety

Scholars have discussed how volunteer involvement in public organizations may expand the capacity of existing personnel to improve service levels. However, few studies have explored the extent to w...
DO TARGETED VOUCHERS INSTILL HABITS? EVIDENCE FROM WOMEN, INFANTS, AND CHILDREN

We examine whether programs that provide vouchers to households continue to influence behavior after the household leaves the program. Using detailed scanner data, we test whether benefit vouchers received through the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) change household purchasing decisions and whether these changes persist even after households are no longer eligible to participate in the program. In 2009, the package of goods available through WIC vouchers changed. Examining variation due to this package change, we show that the WIC vouchers change purchasing decisions during eligibility, but that effects fade after eligibility ends. (JEL I38, I18, J13)
Chemistry of Photosensitive Fluorophores for Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy

Development of single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has sparked a revolution in biological imaging, allowing “super-resolution” fluorescence microscopy below the diffraction limit of ligh...
Abstract 227: Intravital Multiphoton Microscopy Reveals Increased Capillary Patrolling by Leukocytes and Cardiomyocyte Dysfunction in High Fat Diet Induced Hypertrophy

Background: The study of functional cardiomyocyte adaptation and inflammatory cell behavior at the micro-scale in vivo has been challenging due to limited imaging tools. We recently developed intra...
Assess the Level of Physical and Psychological Problems Faced by Women Who Attained Menopause

Menopause is an important development event in a woman’s life having physical, psychological and social implications for the women. The objective was to assess the level of physical and psychological problems among women who attained menopause. The convenience sampling technique was adopted and a structured questionnaire was used to assess the level of physical and psychological problems of menopausal women. Women’s health assumes importance because their health status affects the whole family. Nurses have to help them to promote healthy life styles during this period.
Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 traffics via ICAM1 in microvascular endothelial cells and alters capillary organization in vivo.

Objective: Microvascular dysfunction is a feature of periodontal disease. P. gingivalis, one of the most common oral bacteria present in gingival tissue biofilms, has also been identified in the gi...
State of the Art: Consolidation Testing

The state of the art of consolidation testing is addressed except that conditions involving generalized stress states were excluded and large-strain problems were assigned to a companion paper. Terzaghi's classical theorywas found to fit primary data rather well and the root time fitting method was preferred. Errors associated with boundary impedance and ring friction can be major but are generally understood and can be minimized. Existence of nonlinear stress-strain relationships can perturb the shape of S-t curves significantly and lead to problems when pore pressures are used to determine c v . Radial flow tests should be used for field problems involving horizontal flow; theories are presented to use in reducing laboratory data. Secondary effects can be addressed using linear theory and trial solutions, but such effects may be much more apparent in the laboratory than in the field. Effects of partial saturation are understood qualitatively and can influence laboratory data greatly. Continuous loading tests lead to overprediction of effective stresses but apparently to reasonable values of c u . Soil properties change significantly as a result of sampling disturbance and storage time; techniques for correcting for these effects are presented. The usefulness of laboratory data is examined using a case history.
A sialidosis type I cohort and a quantitative approach to multimodal ophthalmic imaging of the macular cherry-red spot

Aim To describe the ophthalmologic findings on the largest cohort of patients with sialidosis type I due to deficiency of the lysosomal sialidase, neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) and to introduce a quantitative neuroretinal image analysis approach to the associated ‘macular cherry-red spot’. Methods Seven patients with sialidosis type I (mutations in NEU1) and one with galactosialidosis (mutations in CTSA) were included. All patients underwent detailed ophthalmological examinations. The reflectivity of macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) was measured using greyscale analysis (Fiji) and compared with age-matched healthy volunteers. Four patients were evaluated over a time of 1.5+0.5 years. Results The mean age of the patients at their first visit was 27.5+9.8 years. All patients had a macular cherry-red spot, clear corneas and visually non-significant lenticular opacities. The mean visual acuity was LogMar 0.4 (20/50)+0.4 (20/20 to 20/125). Six patients had good visual function. Optic atrophy was present in two individuals with reduced acuity. A significant increase in macular reflectivity was present in all patients compared to age-matched controls (p Conclusion Most of our patients (75%) have preserved visual acuity, even in adulthood. The presence of optic atrophy is associated with poor visual acuity. Increased macular reflectivity by OCT greyscale measurements is noted in all patients, although the underlying biological basis is unknown. These findings complement the current methods for examining and monitoring disease progression, especially in patients for whom visualisation of the cherry-red spot is not entirely clear. Trial registration number NCT00029965.