cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential Down-Regulation of RPL35a in Human Bone Marrow Progenitors Demonstrates a p53 Independent Mechanism Mediating the Diamond Blackfan Anemia Phenotype.

Abstract 1096 Poster Board I-118 We have previously reported the first known mutations in a gene that encodes a large ribosomal subunit protein, Rpl35a that are linked to Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA), a congenital pure red cell aplasia. We have demonstrated that down-regulation of RPL35a results in decreased cellular proliferation, increased apoptosis, impaired ribosomal RNA processing and defective ribosome biogenesis. In order to examine the mechanisms by which defects in RPL35a lead to the development of DBA, we have developed a lentiviral system containing shRNA to down-regulate RPL35a and RPS19, a gene encoding a small ribosomal protein known to be defective in about 25% of DBA cases. Defects in these cellular processes have been linked to disruption of cell cycle progression through activation of nucleolar associated regulatory mechanisms. Cell cycle analysis of the normal human bone marrow progenitors transduced with the specific shRNA demonstrates a G1 arrest when compared to cells transduced with a luciferase shRNA control construct. Similar findings were made in the p53-mutant cell line, TF-1. In contrast, cell cycle analysis of the p53-mutant UT-7/Epo cell line demonstrates a primarily G2/M arrest. To further investigate the mechanism of the cell cycle arrest in bone marrow progenitors, p53 expression was analyzed by Western Blot. Only a nearly complete knockdown resulted in increased p53 expression; shRNA affecting a haploinsufficient state had no evidence of increased p53 expression. However, clonogenic studies of human bone marrow progenitors transduced with shRNA constructs that approximate haploinsufficiency demonstrate a selective absence of erythroid colonies compared to myeloid colonies, thus mimicking the phenotype of DBA. In contrast, bone marrow progenitors transduced with shRNA that causes near complete absence of expression of RPL35a have neither myeloid nor erythroid clonogenic potential consistent with a stem cell catastrophe. These data may suggest a p53 independent pathway can mediate the effects of ribosomal protein deficiency in DBA as well as demonstrate a model for further understanding abnormalities in ribosomal proteins that result in an in vitro phenocopy of altered DBA hematopoiesis. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Staging Entrapment: On the Boundaries of the Law in Plautus’ Persa

Many characters of New Comedy exhibit what might be called a ’forensic disposition’. More overtly, the disposition reveals itself as characters easily discuss and debate the intricacies of such laws as those pertaining to epikleroi,1 as they seek the advice of legal experts for drawing up documents or for furthering their understanding of the law,2 as they act as arbitrators of their neighbors’ disputes,3 call on witnesses to testify to contractual agreements or wrongful acts,4 offer to torture their slaves for evidence or even bring their tortured victims on the stage,5 threaten suits against their adversaries,6 frame their friends and enemies to gain their ends,7 complain of the litigious conduct of others,8 and sometimes fear that their own conduct will be seen in that same unflattering light.9
Workplace Programs, Policies, And Environmental Supports To Prevent Cardiovascular Disease

Using a novel approach, we provide a preliminary “snapshot” of how the comprehensiveness of workplace cardiovascular health initiatives is related to measures of employees’ health risks, disease pr...
Resilience Fundamentals for Supply Networks

Several authors recognize the work of (Holling 1973) in ecosystems’ resilience as the seminal work in systems resilience. Based on the observed behavior and evolution of various ecological systems, Holling (1973) defined resilience as a property thereof, responsible for the persistence of relationships within the ecosystem in the face of changes to system variables or parameters. Over the next 40 years, research in systems resilience spread over a wide range of disciplines, from psychology to supply network management; nevertheless, resilience in the context of supply networks still remains largely unaddressed (Bhamra et al. 2011). In this chapter, the definition and components of resilience in the context of supply networks introduced in Reyes Levalle and Nof (2017) are analyzed. Five fundamental principles of supply network resilience are introduced, in line with resilience definitions from several supply network domains. These core concepts will provide a platform to unify resilience understanding across domains in supply network research. Furthermore, in order for supply network principles to materialize, resilience must be addressed in two dimensions, structure and control protocols, and at two levels, agent-level and network-level. These resilience components are introduced in the subsequent sections and discussed within the supply network formalism presented in Chap. 2.
Submesoscale surface fronts and filaments: secondary circulation, buoyancy flux, and frontogenesis

Problems are posed and solved for upper-ocean submesoscale density fronts and filaments in the presence of surface wind stress and the associated boundary-layer turbulent mixing, their associated geostrophic and secondary circulations and their instantaneous buoyancy fluxes and frontogenetic evolutionary tendencies in both velocity and buoyancy gradients. The analysis is diagnostic rather than prognostic, and it is based on a momentum-balanced approximation that assumes the ageostrophic acceleration is negligible, although the Rossby number is finite and ageostrophic advection is included, justified by the quasi-steady, coherent-structure flow configurations of fronts and filaments. Across a wide range of wind and buoyancy-gradient parameters, the ageostrophic secondary circulation for a front is a single overturning cell with downwelling on the dense side, hence with a positive (restratifying) vertical buoyancy flux. For a dense filament the circulation is a double cell with central downwelling and again positive vertical buoyancy flux. The primary explanation for these secondary-circulation cells is a ‘turbulent thermal wind’ linear momentum balance. These circulation patterns, and their associated frontogenetic tendencies in both the velocity and buoyancy gradients, are qualitatively similar to those due to the ‘classical’ mechanism of strain-induced frontogenesis. For linear solutions, the secondary circulation and frontogenesis are essentially independent of wind direction, but in nonlinear solutions ageostrophic advection provides a strong intensification of the peak vertical velocity, while generally preserving the ageostrophic circulation pattern, when the Rossby number is order one and the wind orientation relative to the frontal axis is favourable. At large Rossby number the solution procedure fails to converge, with an implication of a failure of existence of wholly balanced circulations.
Cutaneous dermatomyositis disease course followed over time using the Cutaneous Dermatomyositis Disease Area and Severity Index

Background Limited studies describe the longitudinal course of cutaneous dermatomyositis (DM). Objective To characterize disease course in treated cutaneous DM by using the Cutaneous Dermatomyositis Disease Area and Severity Index (CDASI), a validated outcome instrument. Methods A retrospective cohort included patients with DM who had their CDASI activity subscore recorded for at least 2 years. Disease progression was classified as improved, worsened, or stable, and disease course was classified as monophasic, polyphasic, or chronic. Subjects were divided into groups with disease of mild (n = 16) and moderate-to-severe (n = 24) baseline severity. Results A total of 40 patients with DM met inclusion criteria. The majority demonstrated improvement in disease activity (n = 21 [52.5%]) rather than worsening (n = 7 [17.5%]) and stable (n = 12 [30.0%]) disease. Most patients with mild disease remained stable (n = 10 [62.5%]), whereas most with moderate-to-severe disease improved (n = 19 [79.2%]). A polyphasic course (n = 33 [82.5%]) predominated over monophasic (n = 5 [12.5%]) and chronic (n = 2 [5%]) courses. The average number of flares per year per number of years of follow-up was independent of baseline disease activity. Limitations The retrospective design, potential referral bias, and cutoff values in classification criteria are limitations. Conclusion Baseline CDASI activity score is associated with particular patterns of disease course and progression in cutaneous DM.
Perceived Firm-Specific Human Capital and Turnover: Stuck in their Heads?

Drawing on human capital theory, strategy scholars have emphasized firm- specific human capital as a source of sustained competitive advantage. In addition to its role in value creation, FSHC is th...
‘It’s like you don’t want to read it again’: Exploring affects, trauma and ‘willful’ literacies:

This article reimagines classroom texts as unpredictable ‘willful objects’ that transmit ‘sticky’ intensities. The author argues that such intensities permeate classroom spaces and affectively posi...
Non-line-of-sight 3D imaging (Conference Presentation)

In an optical Line-of-Sight (LOS) scenario, such as one involving a LIDAR system, the goal is to recover an image of a target in the direct path of the transmitter and receiver. In Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) scenarios the target is hidden from both the transmitter and the receiver by an occluder, i.e. a wall. Recent advancements in technology, computer vision and inverse light transport theory have shown that it is possible to recover an image of a hidden target by exploiting the temporal information encoded in multiple-scattered photons. The core idea is to acquire data using an optical system, composed of an ultra-fast laser that emits short pulses (in the order of femtoseconds) and a camera capable of recovering the photons time-of-flight information (a typical resolution is in the order of picoseconds). We reconstruct 3D images from this data based on the backprojection algorithm, a method typically found in the computational tomography field, which is parallelizable and memory efficient, although it only provides an approximate solution. Here we present improved backprojection algorithms for applications to large scale scenes with with a large number of scatterers and meters to hundreds of meters diameter. We apply these methods to the NLOS imaging of rooms and lunar caves.
After-visit summaries in primary care: mixed methods results from a literature review and stakeholder interviews.

Background After-visit summary (AVS) documents presenting key information from each medical encounter have become standard in the USA due to federal health care reform. Little is known about how they are used or whether they improve patient care. Methods First, we completed a literature review and described the totality of the literature on AVS by article type and major outcome measures. Next, we used reputational sampling from large-scale US studies on primary care to identify and interview nine stakeholders on their perceptions of AVS across high-performing primary care practices. Interviews were transcribed and coded for AVS use in practice, perceptions of the best/worst features and recommendations for improving AVS utility in routine care. Results The literature review resulted in 17 studies; patients reported higher perceived value of AVS compared with providers, despite poor recall of specific AVS content and varied post-visit use. In key informant interviews, key informants expressed enthusiasm for the potential of using AVS to reinforce key information with patients, especially if AVS were customizable. Despite this potential, key informants found that AVS included incorrect information and did not feel that patients or their practices were using AVS to enhance care. Conclusions There is a gap between the potential of AVS and how providers and patients are using it in routine care. Suggestions for improved use of AVS include increasing customization, establishing care team responsibilities and workflows and ensuring patients with communication barriers have dedicated support to review AVS during visits.
Vulnerability of Physically Protected Soil Organic Carbon to Loss Under Low Severity Fires

Soil aggregate degradation during medium and high severity fires is often identified as the main mechanism that leads to loss of soil organic matter due to fire. Low severity fires, however, are considered not to cause aggregate degradation assuming that temperatures <250o C, as occurring during low-severity burns, have only limited effects on the stability of the soil organic binding agents. Recent studies suggest that low severity burns may cause soil aggregate degradation due to rapid vaporization of soil pore water that can induce pressure on the soil aggregates beyond their yield stress. Such pressure-driven degradation of soil aggregates may expose physically protected organic carbon to decomposition. Our study investigated the effect of a low-severity fire on soil organic matter, water extractable organic C and N as well as respiration for two initial soil moisture conditions undergoing three "heating regimes" using aggregates from a California forest and Nevada shrubland soil. We found that initially moist soil aggregates that were rapidly heated up degraded the most, showing increased cumulative carbon mineralization when compared to aggregates that were not heated, aggregates that were dry before being heated , and initially moist soil aggregates that were slowly heated. Our results suggest that exposure of previously physically protected organic carbon within the soil aggregates to oxidative conditions was the most likely cause of increased rates of decomposition of organic matter after low-intensity burns. Additionally, we show that for a shrubland soil, aggregates with relatively low organic carbon content, low severity burns increased cumulative carbon mineralization. We hypothesized that this was due to decomposition of cytoplasmic material from lysed microbes. Our results suggest that low severity burns can accelerate decomposition of soil organic carbon protected in soil aggregates.
Autocrine Growth Factor Signaling in Motility

The objective of this chapter is to summarize our current understanding of the role of growth factor autocrine signaling in cell motility. The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) was chosen as a central example system for motivating autocrine operation as important in both normal physiological processes as well as pathological conditions such as cancer. We provide specific evidence from research literature for autocrine stimulation of cell motility measured in vitro, from several cell lines, and in vivo from mouse models. Relevant growth factors include the EGFR ligands TGF-alpha, HB-EGF, and Amphiregulin, as well as members of other growth factor families including FGF, G-CSF, GM-CSF, HGF and VEGF. Results from autocrine systems that involve EGFR crosstalk are also discussed, including GPCR and IL-6 mediated activation. We outline the cellular parameters, determined by experimental and computational work, that govern autocrine operation and the spatial range of autocrine ligands. We also present intercellular signaling pathways relevant to cell motility that may be involved in propagating localized signals from the cell surface. Finally, we review experimental findings that demonstrate how the mode of growth factor presentation can affect cell migration behavior.
Impact of Solar Eclipse on Utility Grid Operations

Solar eclipse is viewed as a volatile meteorological condition in electric power grids with Photovoltaics (PV) penetration. The impact of the U.S. August 21, 2017 solar eclipse on control center operations associated with a large PV plant has been investigated and compared with normal day operations. The utility-scale PV plant simulated using a real-time digital simulator and receiving real-time weather data measurements from the weather monitoring station at Clemson University, South Carolina has been studied. The open challenge utilities are facing nowadays with increasing penetration of PV in the grid has been illustrated. The insights of this study can be used by utilities for planning and operational studies.
Asynchronous Video-Based Discussions in the Online Classroom

This article presents a review of research surrounding asynchronous video communication and its impact on social presence in online courses. The author includes a narrative of firsthand experience as an instructional designer implementing asynchronous multimodal discussions, along with a survey of student perspectives as well as the instructor's. Recommendations for improvement in future implementations are also included.
An Exploratory Study of Part-Time Minorities: Finding Home as a Minority Member

This study examines an atypical population of immigrants in Taiwan who immigrated in search of home, self-discovery, and career opportunities. Many of these immigrants sit at the nexus of privilege...
Identification of QTL for Target Leaf Spot resistance in Sorghum bicolor and investigation of relationships between disease resistance and variation in the MAMP response.

Target leaf spot (TLS) of sorghum, a foliar disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus Bipolaris cookei (also known as Bipolaris sorghicola), can affect grain yield in sorghum by causing premature drying of leaves and defoliation. Two sorghum recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations, BTx623/BTx642 and BTx623/SC155-14E, were assessed for TLS resistance in replicated trials. Using least square mean trait data, four TLS resistance QTL were identified, two in each population. Of these, three were previously unidentified while a major QTL on chromosome 5 in the BTx623/BTx642 RIL population corresponded to the previously identified TLS resistance gene ds1. A set of sorghum lines were assessed for production of reactive oxygen species induced by treatment with the microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) flg22 (a derivative of flagellin). Flg22-induced ROS production varied between lines in a consistent fashion. One QTL associated with variation in the flg22 response was detected in the RIL populations. No evidence was found to link variation in the MAMP response to variation in TLS resistance
A statistical model of FBMC-OQAM signals for predicting spectral regrowth

In this article, we proved that the filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM) signals asymptotically converges to a white Gaussian random process as the nu...
IoTArgos: A Multi-Layer Security Monitoring System for Internet-of-Things in Smart Homes

The wide deployment of IoT systems in smart homes has changed the landscape of networked systems, Internet traffic, and data communications in residential broadband networks as well as the Internet at large. However, recent spates of cyber attacks and threats towards IoT systems in smart homes have revealed prevalent vulnerabilities and risks of IoT systems ranging from data link layer protocols to application services. To address the security challenges of IoT systems in smart homes, this paper introduces IoTArgos, a multi-layer security monitoring system, which collects, analyzes, and characterizes data communications of heterogeneous IoT devices via programmable home routers. More importantly, this system extracts a variety of multi-layer data communication features and develops supervised learning methods for classifying intrusion activities at system, network, and application layers. In light of the potential zero-day or unknown attacks, IoTArgos also incorporates unsupervised learning algorithms to discover unusual or suspicious behaviors towards smart home IoT systems. Our extensive experimental evaluations have demonstrated that IoTArgos is able to detect anomalous activities targeting IoT devices in smart homes with a precision of 0.9876 and a recall of 0.9763.
Business travel, risk, and safety of female university faculty and staff

Women constitute a significant portion of the total business travel market in the U.S. This study aimed to explore travel risk and safety issues among women in higher education who regularly travel...
National Trends of Cases of COVID-19 in Children Based on US State Health Department Data.

* Abbreviations: CDC — : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 — : coronavirus disease 2019 NYC — : New York City Although there are several accessible sources providing data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in the United States,1,2 little information has been reported on pediatric cases. However, information on COVID-19, categorized by age group, is publicly accessible on nearly all state health department Web sites. In a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report in April, it was reported that only 1.7% of confirmed COVID-19 cases were in children <18 years of age,3 whereas more recent CDC data indicate 8.2% of cases were in children.4 Although there are reports of serious illness in children from COVID-19 (including multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children), available data indicate children are far less … Address correspondence to William Cull, PhD, Research, American Academy of Pediatrics, 345 Park Blvd, Itasca, IL 60143. Email: wcull@aap.org
Design, Optimization, and De-sensitizing of Radiation Hard Wide Angle Space-mission Camera

Incorporating de-sensitization to tolerance in optimization process effectively balances MTF and manufacturability for an F/2 wide angle and broadband camera for space applications for which materials are limited to radiation hard glasses.
Impact of social media on tourism education

The essence of social media is growing rapidly in the tourism industry. More and more researchers are working on investigations in the areas of the impact of social media on many aspects of the tourism industry. Social media plays a significant role to develop strategy for tourism management. Therefore, this research based on the knowledge to support education in tourism management. The main objective of the paper is 1. To investigate the relationship between social media and tourism. 2. To examine the positive and negative impact of social media in tourism industry. Through a comprehensive literature review, this paper identifies information search and decision-making behaviors which is relevant to social media in tourism, and recommends the best use of social media for tourism.
Study of Nanowire-Based Integrated via Technology for CMOS Application in Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

This work shows a novel integrated via structure based on 1.2- $\mu \text{m}$ thick copper nanowires (NWs) for use in CMOS applications at millimeter-wave frequencies. Coplanar waveguide (CPW) lines are fabricated on a 5000- $\Omega $ -cm high-resistivity silicon wafer and connected by NW vias that are grown in integrated anodized alumina oxide (AAO). The AAO layer is fabricated by anodizing an evaporated aluminum layer onto the silicon wafer. This cointegrated technology has 0.095-dB insertion loss for 0.3-mm long circuits with two vias at 40 GHz. The results are promising with an estimated loss per via of approximately 0.0275 dB. The fabricated structure shows great performance agreement with its reference test circuits of similar length. The design comparisons of circuits with different via dimensions and positions show that the shorter the via length, the wider the via width; and placing the via on the CPW ground plane closer to the signal line provides better performance.
Market Pricing of Real Estate Units: A Knowledge-Based System Approach

In this paper, the authors contend that the area of real estate pricing is often learned from an inefficient trial and error process. To address this problem, a knowledge-based expert system (REPRES) was developed by the authors. The knowledge base and inference engine logic of REPRES are described in the paper. Use of this expert system, in which the user is directed to the price of a given home using either a market or cost approach to pricing, should result in improved quality of real estate pricing, facilitate accumulation of further knowledge about the real estate pricing process, enhance communication between users of REPRES and customers, and assist in training individuals who are unfamiliar with the logic and knowledge base of real estate pricing. Validation results indicate REPRES has accomplished these goals. The authors conclude with a discussion of the implications of such an expert system to real estate pricing and real estate modeling research.
Redefining ATE: "data collection engines that drive yield learning and process optimization"

A top priority for IC producers is achieving high yields - particularly early in the product lifetime. "Yield learning rate" (on real products) is the key differentiator among IC suppliers. Testing must play a larger role in driving yield learning - which change the testing methods, ATE requirements and how the IC business views the value of testing.
Hypoglycaemia increases aldosterone in a dose-dependent fashion

Diabet. Med. 27, 1250–1255 (2010) Abstract Aims Intensive glycaemic control increases the incidence of hypoglycaemia. We sought to define the effects of hypoglycaemia on aldosterone, a hormone involved in cardiovascular injury and baroreflex impairment. Methods To contrast the effects of hypoglycaemia and euglycaemia on aldosterone and plasma renin activity, in Study 1, we assessed hormone levels in 13 subjects who participated in euglycaemic (5.0 mmol/l) and hypoglycaemic (2.8 mmol/l) hyperinsulinaemic clamp protocols in random order. To determine the relationship between aldosterone and the depth of hypoglycaemia, in Study 2, we assessed hormone levels in an additional 13 subjects who participated in a 3-h stepped hypoglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp protocol; blood glucose was reduced in 0.55 mmol/l steps from 5.0 to 2.2 mmol/l. Subjects were healthy and consumed controlled sodium diets. Results In Study 1, aldosterone increased approximately 2.5-fold during hypoglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia, P < 0.001, but did not rise with euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia. Plasma renin activity increased during both hyperinsulinaemic clamps; however, the increase was greater during hypoglycaemia (Δ = 1.5 ± 0.2 ng ml−1 h−1) vs. euglycaemia (Δ = 0.5 ± 0.1 ng ml−1 h−1), P < 0.005. In Study 2, aldosterone increased significantly at glucose levels of 2.8 mmol/l; this increase was amplified with glucose of 2.2 mmol/l. Aldosterone increases paralleled those of ACTH. Conclusions Hypoglycaemia increases aldosterone in a dose-dependent fashion. This increase is likely attributable to activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and increases in ACTH. Because aldosterone activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor is implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular injury, including vascular dysfunction, inflammation, baroreflex impairment and cardiac arrhythmias, these findings may be of relevance in individuals who experience hypoglycaemia.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ and microRNA 98 in Hypoxia-Induced Endothelin-1 Signaling

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays a critical role in endothelial dysfunction and contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). We hypothesized that peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) stimulates microRNAs that inhibit ET-1 and pulmonary artery endothelial cell (PAEC) proliferation. The objective of this study was to clarify molecular mechanisms by which PPARγ regulates ET-1 expression in vitro and in vivo. In PAECs isolated from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, microRNA (miR)-98 expression was reduced, and ET-1 protein levels and proliferation were increased. Similarly, hypoxia reduced miR-98 and increased ET-1 levels and PAEC proliferation in vitro. In vivo, hypoxia reduced miR-98 expression and increased ET-1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels in mouse lung, derangements that were aggravated by treatment with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist Sugen5416. Reporter assays confirmed that miR-98 binds directly to the ET-1 3′-...
Nuclear localization of DP and E2F transcription factors by heterodimeric partners and retinoblastoma protein family members

E2F is a family of transcription factors implicated in the regulation of genes required for progression through G1 and entry into the S phase. The transcriptionally active forms of E2F are heterodimers composed of one polypeptide encoded by the E2F gene family and one polypeptide encoded by the DP gene family. The transcriptional activity of E2F/DP heterodimers is influenced by association with the members of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein family (pRb, p107, and p130). Here the intracellular distribution of E2F and DP proteins was investigated in transiently transfected Chinese hamster and human cells. In transfected cells, DP-1 did not accumulate in the nucleus unless it was coexpressed with the heterodimeric partners E2F-1, E2F-2, or E2F-3. Domain mapping experiments showed that regions of E2F-1 and DP-1 that are required for stable association of the two proteins were also required for nuclear localization of DP-1. Unlike E2F-1, -2, and -3, E2F-4 did not accumulate in the nucleus unless it was coexpressed with DP-2, p107 and p130, but not pRb, stimulated nuclear localization of E2F-4, either alone or in combination with DP-2. These results indicate that DP proteins preferentially associate with specific E2F partners, and suggest that the ability of specific E2F/DP heterodimers to localize in the nucleus contributes to the regulation of E2F activity.
Cation Interactions and Biochemical Composition of the Cell Envelope of a Marine Bacterium

Abstract Envelopes of a marine isolate, c-A1, and of a terrestrial isolate, 121, were compared for their susceptibility to disintegration in distilled water after exposure to 0.05 m MgCl2 and to 0.1 and 1.0 m NaCl. After exposure to MgCl2 alone, both types of envelopes remained intact in distilled water. Envelopes of marine isolate c-A1, but not of the terrestrial isolate, fragmented in distilled water after exposure to 1.0 m NaCl. Partial reaggregation of the c-A1 envelope fragments occurred on addition of MgCl2. In cation-exchange experiments, bound Mg++ in the envelopes of both organisms was displaced by Na+. The envelopes of c-A1 were found to contain lipopolysaccharide, muramic acid, and a variety of phospholipids, of which the major component was phosphatidylethanolamine, accompanied by lesser amounts of phosphatidic acid, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylserine. Analyses of envelope acid hydrolysates revealed a similar amino acid distribution in the marine and terrestrial isolates, but envelopes of c-A1 had less than half the total amino acid content of envelopes of 121 per envelope dry weight. Possible relationships between cations and biochemical components of the envelopes are considered in terms of differences in behavior of the two organisms in low ionic environments.
Reflex pathways controlling urethral striated and smooth muscle function in the male rat

The organization of vesicourethral reflex mechanisms in the male rat was studied by monitoring intraurethral pressure and the external urethral sphincter (EUS) electromyogram. EUS striated and urethral smooth muscle activities were elicited by reflex isovolumetric bladder contractions evoked by bladder filling or electrical stimulation of nerves in the bladder wall. Evoked EUS bursting activity in normal rats was eliminated in chronic spinal rats and replaced by tonic activity. Reflex urethral smooth muscle activity mediated by an increase in urethral pressure after paralysis of the EUS with alpha-bungarotoxin occurred in normal and chronic spinal rats. The response was significantly larger in chronic spinal (21.3 +/- 3.0 cmH2O) than in normal rats (4.2 +/- 0.7 cmH2O). NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 20 mg/kg i.v.) increased the smooth muscle response in normal (5.9 +/- 1.3 cmH2O) and chronic spinal rats (6.9 +/- 1.8 cmH2O). This increase in urethral pressure was not changed by sympathetic nerve transection or prazosin (0.2-0.3 mg/kg i.v.) but was abolished by hexamethonium and reduced 74-89% by atropine. These results indicate that coordinated EUS function (bursting activity) in the male rat is dependent on supraspinal pathways and that the urethral smooth muscle response during voiding is composed of a predominant cholinergic, atropine-sensitive contraction as well as a nitric oxide-mediated relaxation. Both are mediated by activation of parasympathetic pathways and are maintained or significantly larger after spinal cord injury, indicating that they are dependent on spinal reflex pathways.
Trajectories of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in children with developmental disabilities

Children with disabilities tend to have higher levels of behavior problems than other children. Such problems have implications for psychopathology in the young adult years, with possible effects on life course opportunities such as employment and independent living. This investigation examines the developmental course of both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems by employing person-centered analyses to construct patterns of change in behavior problems in 169 children (54 % male) with early diagnosed disabilities, from age 3 to age 18. Early childhood predictors of these patterns indicated that more adverse patterns of both types of behavior problems were predicted by higher maternal depressive symptoms. Greater impacts on the family of having a child with a disability predicted more adverse patterns of internalizing behavior problems. More adaptive patterns of externalizing behavior problems were predicted by positive maternal sensitivity to a child’s distress. These findings suggest the need for early intervention focused on the family system.
Global assessment of damage to coastal ecosystem vegetation from tropical storms

This study reports on the first comprehensive global assessment of tropical storm (TS) impacts on coastal ecosystem vegetation along the landfall pathways of major hurricanes, cyclones and typhoons using satellite data of land cover vegetation for the years 2006 to 2012. Wind damage has been shown to reduce live vegetation pools of carbon, accelerate ecosystem respiration fluxes of carbon dioxide and thereby represent a potentially significant positive feedback to terrestrial greenhouse gas emissions. Based on quarterly detection of changes in Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite vegetation greenness, all major TS pathways during the time period were ranked in terms of area of vegetation damage observed. Comparison of vegetation disturbance area along major TS pathways to average rates of disturbance within the same coastal zones (for years during which no TS activity was observed) verified the satellite capability to detect TS ecosystem impacts.
Excitotoxicity induced by enhanced excitatory neurotransmission in cultured hippocampal pyramidal neurons.

Abstract Cultures of rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons were used to examine the roles of excitatory synaptic transmission, NMDA receptors, and elevated [Ca 2+ ] i in the production of excitotoxicity. In ∼70% of the cells observed, perfusion with Mg 2+ -free, glycine-supplemented medium induced large spontaneous fluctuations or maintained plateaus of [Ca 2+ ] i . [Ca 2+ ] i fluctuations could be blocked by tetrodotoxin, NMDA receptor antagonists, dihydropyridines, or compounds that inhibit synaptic transmission in the hippocampus, but not by the non-NMDA receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione. When cells were treated with Mg 2+ -free, glycine-supplemented medium and examined 24 hr later, ∼30% of the neurons were found to have died. Cell death could be inhibited by the same agents that reduced [Ca 2+ ] i fluctuations. These results support a role for direct excitatory synaptic transmission, as opposed to the general release of glutamate, in excitotoxicity. A major role for synaptically activated NMDA receptors, rather than kainate/quisqualate receptors, is also indicated Neuronal death may be produced by abnormal changes in neuronal [Ca 2+ ] i .
It's Not a Colorless Classroom: Teaching Religion Online to Black College Students Using Transformative, Postmodern Pedagogy

With the general practice of online teaching still in relative infancy, nuanced approaches for teaching target populations such as black students are especially scarce. This article submits a theoretical framework for approaching the activity of teaching black students online using a transformative, postmodern pedagogy that is sensitive to black learning styles. It also offers practical suggestions for course design and deployment in online religion courses. In the interest of providing an optimal learning experience for every student, all instructors are encouraged to consider the race and culture variable in their online teaching, whether their roster contains one black student or many.
Sequence and in vitro translational analysis of a 1629-nucleotide ORF in Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus strain E2.

Abstract The complete nucleotide (nt) sequence of an open reading frame (ORF) (map unit 5.1 to 3.8) from Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus strain E2 (AcMNPV-E2) has been determined. This 1629-nt ORF has a coding potential for a 61-kDa Pro-rich protein. However, in vitro translation of the 1629-nt ORF and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamidegel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed a 78-kDa protein product. The discrepancy between the Mr predicted by the nt sequence and that obtained from the in vitro translational analysis is due to the high Pro content of this protein. The high Pro content causes anomalous migration of this protein during SDS-PAGE.
PROBLEMS OF MIND: DESCARTES TO WITTGENSTEIN, Norman Malcolm

(1975). PROBLEMS OF MIND: DESCARTES TO WITTGENSTEIN, Norman Malcolm. The Philosophy Forum: Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 289-295.
Addendum to “Why Did the World Trade Center Collapse?—Simple Analysis”

The addendum presents the responses to several questions on a preliminary version (which arrived too late for publication as part of the paper). The questions deal with the aircraft impact at a higher floor of the World Trade Center towers on September 11, 2001, damage to the upper part of the collapsing tower, weakness of connections, plastic cushioning of vertical impact, estimation of the equivalent mass, and the collapse of the adjacent lower building.
TU-B-19A-01: Image Registration II: TG132-Quality Assurance for Image Registration

AAPM Task Group 132 was charged with a review of the current approaches and solutions for image registration in radiotherapy and to provide recommendations for quality assurance and quality control of these clinical processes. As the results of image registration are always used as the input of another process for planning or delivery, it is important for the user to understand and document the uncertainty associate with the algorithm in general and the Result of a specific registration. The recommendations of this task group, which at the time of abstract submission are currently being reviewed by the AAPM, include the following components. The user should understand the basic image registration techniques and methods of visualizing image fusion. The disclosure of basic components of the image registration by commercial vendors is critical in this respect. The physicists should perform end-to-end tests of imaging, registration, and planning/treatment systems if image registration is performed on a stand-alone system. A comprehensive commissioning process should be performed and documented by the physicist prior to clinical use of the system. As documentation is important to the safe implementation of this process, a request and report system should be integrated into the clinical workflow. Finally, a patient specific QA practice should be established for efficient evaluation of image registration results. The implementation of these recommendations will be described and illustrated during this educational session. Learning Objectives: 1. Highlight the importance of understanding the image registration techniques used in their clinic. 2. Describe the end-to-end tests needed for stand-alone registration systems. 3. Illustrate a comprehensive commissioning program using both phantom data and clinical images. 4. Describe a request and report system to ensure communication and documentation. 5. Demonstrate an clinically-efficient patient QA practice for efficient evaluation of image registration.
The Dictator's Dilemma: The Internet and U.S. Policy Toward Cuba

The information revolution poses new challenges for authoritarian regimes. While Cuba's experience does not invalidate this idea, it does show that these regimes have more options than simply democratization or economic decline.
Goblin laughter: Violent comedy and the condition of women in Frances Burney and Jane Austen

(1995). Goblin laughter: Violent comedy and the condition of women in Frances Burney and Jane Austen. Women's Studies: Vol. 24, Studies in Nineteenth-Century British Art and Literature, pp. 323-340.
Narrow Scale Flow and a Weak Field by the Top of Earth's Core: Evidence from Orsted, Magsat and Secular Variation

As Earth's main magnetic field weakens, our magnetic shield against the onslaught of the solar wind thins. And the field strength needed to fend off battering by solar coronal mass ejections is decreasing, just when the delicate complexity of modem, vulnerable, electro-technological systems is increasing at an unprecedented rate. Recently, a working group of distinguished scientist from across the nation has asked NASA's Solid Earth and Natural Hazards program a key question: What are the dynamics of Earth s magnetic field and its interactions with the Earth system? Paleomagnetic studies of crustal rocks magnetized in the geologic past reveal that polarity reversals have occurred many times during Earth s history. Networked super-computer simulations of core field and flow, including effects of gravitational, pressure, rotational Coriolis, magnetic and viscous forces, suggest how this might happen in detail. And space-based measurements of the real, time-varying magnetic field help constrain estimates of the speed and direction of fluid iron flowing near the top of the core and enable tests of some hypotheses about such flow. Now scientists at NASA s Goddard Space Flight Center have developed and applied methods to test the hypotheses of narrow scale flow and of a dynamically weak magnetic field near the top of Earth s core. Using two completely different methods, C. V. Voorhies has shown these hypotheses lead to specific theoretical forms for the "spectrum" of Earth s main magnetic field and the spectrum of its rate of change. Much as solar physicists use a prism to separate sunlight into its spectrum, from long wavelength red to short wavelength blue light, geophysicists use a digital prism, spherical harmonic analysis, to separate the measured geomagnetic field into its spectrum, from long to short wavelength fields. They do this for the rate of change of the field as well.
Surpassing Shanghai: an agenda for American education built on the world’s leading systems

The purpose of Surpassing Shanghai: An Agenda for American Education Built on the World’s Leading Systems (2011) is to identify the contributing factors that most account for superior performance i...
Absorptive effects on a parameter used to characterize the region of tissue visited by photons in continuous wave measurements

It has been shown that many aspects of photon trajectories in tissue are well described by a lattice random walk model. We take advantage of this to characterize the region interrogated by photons in experiments designed to estimate internal optical parameters from light intensity re-emitted on the interface between tissue and the exterior in continuous-wave measurements. The parameter chosen to characterize the investigated region is the expected number of distinct sites visited by a photon that survives to reach the surface at a specific point.
How run-of-river operation affects hydropower generation and value.

Regulated rivers in the United States are required to support human water uses while preserving aquatic ecosystems. However, the effectiveness of hydropower license requirements nationwide has not been demonstrated. One requirement that has become more common is “run-of-river” (ROR) operation, which restores a natural flow regime. It is widely believed that ROR requirements (1) are mandated to protect aquatic biota, (2) decrease hydropower generation per unit flow, and (3) decrease energy revenue. We tested these three assumptions by reviewing hydropower projects with license-mandated changes from peaking to ROR operation. We found that ROR operation was often prescribed in states with strong water-quality certification requirements and migratory fish species. Although benefits to aquatic resources were frequently cited, changes were often motivated by other considerations. After controlling for climate, the overall change in annual generation efficiency across projects because of the change in operation was not significant. However, significant decreases were detected at one quarter of individual hydropower projects. As expected, we observed a decrease in flow during peak demand at 7 of 10 projects. At the remaining projects, diurnal fluctuations actually increased because of operation of upstream storage projects. The economic implications of these results, including both producer costs and ecologic benefits, are discussed. We conclude that regional-scale studies of hydropower regulation, such as this one, are long overdue. Public dissemination of flow data, license provisions, and monitoring data by way of on-line access would facilitate regional policy analysis while increasing regulatory transparency and providing feedback to decision makers.
Studies on protein complexes in the cestode, Raillietina cesticillus.

Abstract Four protein complexes were isolated from Raillietina cesticillus. The first two (P1α and P1β) are water soluble at pH 7: The former contains 92.2% protein and 6% carbohydrate; the other 78.7% protein, 15% carbohydrate and 6% cerebrosides; both are electrophoretically homogeneous at pH 8.6. Constitution of a 0.9% NaCl soluble P2 alpha fraction was established as: 61.5% protein, 0.41% phosphorous and 28.4% carbohydrate that behaves homogeneously on electrophoresis. A fourth fraction, a nucleoprotein complex extracted with 10% NaCl, contains 75% protein, 1% phosphorous and 10% carbohydrate. A very small fifth fraction was isolated but not studied in detail. As these complexes appear to be present in different species, the possibility of establishing specific characters is suggested.
ANALYSIS OF THE LEAD TIME AND LEARNING FOR CAPACITY EXPANSIONS

Firms capable of reducing the time required to bring new products to the marketplace realize significant competitive gains. In this context, the existing literature on capacity expansion is limited because it does not consider the lead time required to construct and operationalize new capacity. Models are introduced here that capture the capacity expansion lead time as well as two types of learning. Specifically, learning may reduce the lead time or cost required to complete an expansion. Analytic and numerical results show that the optimal solution can be significantly affected by the explicit treatment of the lead time and learning.