cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards a total macromolecular analysis of sea urchin embryo chromatin

Abstract A new and relatively gentle procedure has been developed for the resolution of sea urchin embryo chromatin into its components. In this procedure non-histones and nucleic acids are never exposed to pH outside the range 7.7 to 9.1 and histones are only transitorily exposed to pH 2. Approximately thirty non-histones and eleven histones have been resolved. Within each of these classes, several quantitative changes in individual protein species have been observed to occur with embryonic development. The RNA of the chromatin has a DNA-like base composition consistent with its being largely nascent heterogeneous nuclear RNA.
Thermodynamics of water decomposition catalyzed by zeolites

Abstract Decomposition of water by thermal cycling of zeolites is shown to be thermodynamically feasible at temperatures of less than 500°C. The effects of temperature and pressure are shown to be comparable at these temperatures, with from 40 to 90 entropy units from each needed to drive the reaction.
Properties of Apparel Wools VI. Aging of Top and Roving Produced on the French Worsted System

The aging of top and roving produced on the French worsted system has been investigated by measuring the dimensional changes and the mechanical properties of these fiber assemblies. The experimental results indicate that one consequence of aging is a relaxation of stresses in the fibers caused by deformation of the fiber crimp during previous processing. A brief high- temperature, high-humidity treatment of the top balls or roving bobbins has many of the same effects on the properties of the top and roving as a long aging period at 65% R.H. and 70° F.
Comparison of Detonation Processes in a Variable Cross Section Chamber and a Simple Tube

The detonation processes occurring in a variable cross section detonation chamber are compared with that occurring in a simple, constant cross section tube. The variable cross section chamber is made up of a large tube and two small identical tubes connected on each side through frustums. The simple tube has the same diameter as the small tubes of the variable cross section chamber and the same total length as the entire variable section chamber. Both channels are closed at the left end and opened at the right. A two-dimensional, time-accurate, finite volume-based method is used to perform the computations. A five-species, two-step global hydrogen‐air reaction mechanism is used. The study showed complex wave phenomena in the variable cross section chamber that have an impact on thrust and specific impulse.
Element mobility patterns record organic ligands in soils on early Earth

Considerable mobilization of Fe without mobilization of Al in Precambrian paleosols has been documented and attributed to either anoxic- or ligand-promoted dissolution. To elucidate these mechanisms, basalt was dissolved under oxic and anoxic conditions with and without citrate, and the mobility of several elements was analyzed. The extent of release of Fe and P was minor (in citrate-free conditions) or considerable (with citrate) regardless of oxygen pressure. Release of Al was minor in all cases, whereas release of Cu was minor (in anoxic conditions) or considerable (in oxic conditions). Release of Cu was enhanced by citrate. In comparison, in the weathered surface of two of the oldest-known basalt-derived paleosols—the Mount Roe (2.76 Ga) and the Hekpoort (2.25 Ga)— Fe and P were considerably depleted and Al retained, consistent with the presence of organic ligands. Cu, retained in the Mount Roe paleosol but considerably mobilized in the Hekpoort paleosol, documents formation under an anoxic atmosphere and an oxic atmosphere, respectively, as inferred by others on the basis of Fe mobility. The immobility of Al in both paleosols is consistent with formation under conditions in which the annual volume of rainwater was lower than the topsoil pore volume. Mobilization of P in such paleosols developed under low-rainfall conditions provides a new proxy for identification of ligands secreted by terrestrial organisms on early Earth.
The Development of a Nutrition Inservice Course for Teachers of Young Children.

Abstract Evaluation of a 45-hour nutrition education course for K-6 teachers revealed that the technical content was too complex to be useful for preschool and elementary school teachers. We revised the course to include more practical lesson plans and activities and less basic nutrition content. We then trained 110 individuals to coordinate and facilitate course offerings and measure the nutrition knowledge gains of classroom teachers who completed the course as taught by persons who had taken the training session. Nutrition knowledge increased significantly but course leaders and participants suggested even further increases in nutrition education activities and decreases in basic nutrition. Findings suggest that nutrition courses for elementary teachers should emphasize short, practical classroom exercises and concept translation in order to achieve maximum usefulness and effectiveness for teachers of young children.
Welcome to SIGSPATIAL China

Location-based services are becoming a very hot topic in China. In order to promote ACM SIGSPATIAL and the corresponding research area in China, and encourage collaboration between SIGSPATIAL researchers in China and researchers worldwide, in late September 2009, Wuhan University, Renmin University and Microsoft Research Asia worked together to submit an application for establishing the ACM SIGSPATIAL China Chapter. The application was approved by the SIGSPATIAL Executive Committee in late October 2009.
Cardiovascular correlates of predisposition to hypertension in pups of one kidney: one clip renal hypertensive dams.

We reported that the pups of one kidney:one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive (HT) rats have a predisposition to the induction of experimental hypertension. To investigate the nature of the predisposition, pups of HT dams were challenged with vasopressor agents at 28–days-of-age or treated with DOCA and 6.5% salt diet between 35 and 81 days-of-age.Pups of HT dams had a significantly greater blood pressure between 28 and 81 days-of-age and also showed a greater change in blood pressure when provided a 6.5% salt diet than did pups of normotensive dams. Pups of HT dams demonstrated a decreased bradycardic response after injection of angiotensin II (p < .05) and a lesser change in mean arterial blood pressure after injection of angiotensin II or norepinephrine than did the pups from normotensive dams.These results suggest an effect of maternal hypertension on the development of cardiovascular control mechanisms in her offspring. The decreased pressor response suggests the predisposition is not due to an increased v...
Developmental expression of myelin basic protein mRNA in a hypermyelinating mouse

Polysomal poly (A)+ RNA and total cellular RNA were isolated from the brains of C57BL/6J (B6), DBA/2J (D2), and F1 hybrid mice. Both types of RNA were isolated at 9, 12, 16, 21, and 30 days of age. By using a 32P-labelled cDNA probe for myelin basic protein (MBP; pMBP-1) the amounts of RNA coding for MBP present in the three strains at each age were determined. For both the polysomal poly(A)+ and total cellular RNA the peak of MBP RNA accumulation was at about 16-18 days for all three strains. These results imply that the developmental pattern of MBP RNA synthesis for F1 mice is not shifted with respect to the parental strains. For the polysomal poly(A)+ RNA, F1 had the greatest amount of MBP mRNA, B6 the least, and D2 an intermediate amount. F1 again had the greatest amount of MBP RNA from the total cellular pool at all ages. However, B6 had a greater amount of MBP RNA in the total cellular RNA pool than did D2. This demonstrates elevated transcription of the MBP gene in the F1 or an increase in message stability in this strain. It also suggests some form of translational control for MBP RNA in the B6 strain. In addition a second species of MBP RNA was found in the total cellular RNA pool. This species is larger than the major polysomal RNA band and may be a nuclear precursor.
MATISSE: A KNOWLEDGE-BASED TEAM PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT

The downstream activities of large scale software systems life-cycle require team effort of several people over extended time periods. Current computing environments, exemplified by Unix, provide limited support for such team activities. Matisse is a knowledge-based team programming environment that addresses this issue. Matisse models source code, associated documents, people, and tasks as objects in an information system. Relationships between these objects provide associative information retrieval and navigational support; rules defined on object attributes facilitate team coordination and configuration management. We describe the design, implementation, and experimental use of Matisse. Matisse represents a novel information management architecture for team programming: It uses database technology for team information management and expert system technology for individual information management; some experimental data on accesses from the individual to the team information space is presented. Three hard scenarios: semiautomatic design history maintenance, dynamic object composition, and adaptive use of existing software, illustrate the power of Matisse, with respect to team programming, over traditional programming environments.
A self-reproducing system concerned with the formation of chloroplasts in Euglema gracilis

Abstract Some strains of Euglena gracilis can permanently lose their ability to form chloroplasts when exposed to temperatures of 34–35° under growing conditions. If cells not yet irreversibly bleached are returned to lower temperatures, their rate of multiplication will determine whether the hereditary character will be lost or maintained. Rapidly growing cells become permanently bleached; cells dividing slowly or not at all rapidly regain their full ability to form chloroplasts. The results indicate the existence in Euglena of a self-duplicating system involved in the formation of chloroplasts. This system is characterized by a replication mechanism autonomous with respect to that of the cell as a whole and by a high susceptibility to environmental factors.
SOME CHRONIC EFFECTS OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY SEX HORMONE ON THE WEIGHTS OF BODY, OVARIES, UTERUS, PITUITARY AND ADRENAL GLANDS

In recent years a great stimulus has been given to research on the problems relating to the physiology of reproduction by the discovery of a hormone in the anterior pituitary gland which acts on the gonads. The original observations of Zondek and Aschheim (1927) and Smith and Engle (1927) gave undisputed evidence of ovarian growth and follicular development in immature and adult rats following pituitary implants. These results have been confirmed in many species of animals by grafts, extracts, urine and blood serum. The positive test in the immature mouse or rat is very definite as seen by enlargement of the ovaries with follielas distended or haemorrhagic, enlarged uterus, vaginal orifice open and cornified cells in the vaginal smears. To obtain this information, the animals are usually sacrificed within a few days after the test is started. The experiments reported in this paper deal with a chronic or delayed effect of the anterior pituitary sex hormones on the weight of the several organs studied.
Small is different: energetic, structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of passivated nanocluster assemblies

We explore, with the use of extensive molecular dynamics simulations, several principal issues pertaining to the energetics of formation of superlattices made through the assembly of passivated nanoclusters, the interactions that underlie the cohesion of such superlattices, and the unique mechanical, thermal and structural properties that they exhibit. Our investigations focus on assemblies made of crystalline gold nanoclusters of variable sizes, passivated by monolayers of alkylthiol molecules. An analytic optimal packing model that correlates in a unified manner several structural characteristics of three-dimensional superlattice assemblies is developed. The model successfully organizes and systematizes a large amount of experimental and simulation data, and it predicts the phase-boundary between different superlattice structural motifs that evolve as a function of the ratio between the chain-length of the extended passivating molecules and the radius of the underlying gold nanocluster. The entropic contribution to the formation free energy of the superlattice assembly is found to be large and of similar magnitude as the potential energy component of the free energy. The major contribution to the cohesive potential energy of the superlattice is shown to originate from van der Waals interactions between molecules that passivate neighboring nanoclusters. The unique mechanical, thermal, thermomechanical, and thermostructural properties of passivated nanocluster assemblies, are discussed.
PHOSPHATIDYL CHOLINE TRANSFERASE: PRE-AND POST-NATAL ACTIVITY IN RABBIT LUNG MICROSOMES AND LAMELLAR BODIES

PHOSPHATIDYL CHOLINE TRANSFERASE: PRE-AND POST-NATAL ACTIVITY IN RABBIT LUNG MICROSOMES AND LAMELLAR BODIES
Design of New Gear Tooth Profiles: Algorithm and Programming

A new method for the design of line-contact gear profiles is introduced in this paper. In this method, the deviation function technique will be applied to generate the new gear profiles. Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines will be implemented as the deviation functions. Theory and algorithm of this method is implemented into an automatic software design package. Written in C language, this package is graphically interactive and PC based. According to design objective, many new conjugate profiles for gears or rotors can be obtained. Compared to current line-contact gears of involute profiles, some of these new profiles could achieve greater average profile conformity, which results in decreased contact stresses, and could also achieve decreased bending stresses. Since these gears are capable of carrying higher loads than gears of equivalent sizes, there should be cost savings and reduced machine sizes in certain special applications.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Do bright colors at nests incur a cost due to predation

Birds show much interspecific variation in the coloration and brightness of their plumage. I examine the hypothesis that selection due to predation on incubating birds and their nest contents can explain part of this diversity. First, I argue that rather than using absolute rates of nest predation to make predictions about the costs of conspicuous colours, we should measure experimentally whether increases in plumage conspicuousness elevate rates of nest predation. Second, I present experimental data investigating the cost of red and brown colour at ground and tree nests. These data provide the first evidence that bright colours do attract predators to nests and that, in addition, this cost varies according to the nesting site. Natural selection seems to most strongly oppose the evolution of conspicuous colours in ground-nesting birds.
Learning in Developing Countries: Implications for Workforce Training and Development in Africa.

The implementation of e-learning as a strategy has risen exponentially over the last 20 years as more adults use this medium to enhance their skills and acquire knowledge. The utilization of technology offers significant advantages to both learners and organizations in terms of cost, time and rich learning content. E-learning has been widely adopted in the western world, and companies and organizations in developing countries are increasingly taking advantage of e-learning tools to support education and skill upgrade of their workforce as a mechanism to compete in an increasingly global economy. E-learning has taken root in several African countries with the explosion of communications tools, internet and mobile technology. This perspective on practice addresses three key issues of e-learning in Africa (a) the adoption of e-learning in developing African countries, (b) the available e-learning resources and practices, and (c) the implications of e-learning on workforce training and development.
Professional development schools: a model for effective P-16 physical education partnerships.

(2009). Professional Development Schools. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 80, No. 1, pp. 31-38.
Freeze‐fracture analysis of plasma membrane cholesterol in duchenne muscle

We estimated cholesterol in Duchenne muscle plasma membrane using the sterol-specific ligand digitonin. In measuring the extent of digitonin-cholesterol complex formation with freeze-fracture electron microscopy, we found a significantly greater proportion of surface area taken up by complexes in Duchenne muscle (60% +/- 9%) than in controls (36% +/- 4%). This finding suggests that a population of Duchenne muscle fibers has a higher concentration of cholesterol in the plasma membrane. Membrane cholesterol is known to affect membrane deformability and the activity of membrane-bound enzymes and transport proteins; thus a difference in membrane cholesterol might account for structural and functional abnormalities in Duchenne plasma membrane.
Control of charge separation by electric field manipulation in polymer-oxide hybrid organic photovoltaic bilayer devices

Hybrid polymer/oxide organic photovoltaic (h-OPV) devices have the potential to replace the organic acceptor component with an inorganic, nano-structured oxide. This approach leverages the positive attributes of inorganic materials while maintaining the potential processing advantages of organic electronics. By manipulating the carrier concentration of the oxide acceptor layer in bilayer h-OPV devices, we demonstrate control of the electric field at the planar donor–acceptor interface. The effects of the electric field can be observed in both the JSC and the fill factor of the h-OPV devices. Furthermore, interfacial layers of TiOx are used on ZnO to prevent recombination of geminate electron–hole pairs. It is shown that interfacial TiOx successfully inhibits recombination only when the electric field is strong enough to sufficiently transfer charges to the ZnO layer. If the interfacial electric field is insufficient, then the TiOx instead serves to enhance recombination at the donor–acceptor interface.
Urinary Screen for α-Methyldopa by TLC

Abstract A method for the detection of α-methyldopa in urine of individuals taking the drug at its therapeutic dose was developed. This test would be useful to ascertain patient compliance and to detect surreptitious use of the drug. The method is effective for detecting α-methyldopa in urine also known to contain azulfidine and/or other antihypertensive agents. No false positive or false negative analysis were obtained to date.
Analyzing Insider Trading from the Perspectives of Utilitarian Ethics and Rights Theory

The common view is that insider trading is always unethical and illegal. But such is not the case. Some forms of insider trading are legal. Furthermore, applying ethical principles to insider trading causes one to conclude that it is also sometimes ethical. This paper attempts to get past the hype, the press reports, and the political grandstanding to get to the truth of the matter. The author applies two sets of ethical principles – utilitarianism and rights theory – in an attempt to determine when, and in what circumstances, insider trading is ethical. The views of Henry Manne, an early proponent of insider trading, are critically examined, as are the major arguments against insider trading. Is insider trading good for the company if it is used as a form of executive compensation which makes it possible to pay lower salaries than would otherwise be the case? Does insider trading cause the stock market to work more efficiently? If insider trading does increase efficiency, is that sufficient to call for its total legalization, or are there other things to be considered? Several arguments against insider trading have been put forth over the last few decades but there are problems with all of them. One of the main arguments is the fairness argument. The problem with this argument is that different people have different definitions of unfairness. A closely related argument is the level playing field argument, which advocates wider dissemination of information so that it is less asymmetric. One problem with the level playing field argument is that it is better applied to sporting competitions than to trading in information. Some economists argue that forcing the disclosure of nonpublic information can actually result in more harm than good and must necessarily involve the violation of property rights. Other arguments examined in this chapter include the fiduciary duty argument, the problem of outside traders, the misappropriation doctrine and the restrictions that insider trading laws place on freedom of speech and press. The article concludes by setting forth some principles or guidelines to determine when insider trading should be punished and when it should not.
Federal Expenditure and Fiscal Illusion: A Test of the Flypaper Hypothesis in Australia

Despite the fact that there are strong a priori grounds for presuming that the intergovernmental grants characteristic offiscalfederalism in Australia may generate fiscal illusion, no empirical effort has been directed at this line of inquiry. The present article seeks to go some way toward remedying this deficiency by evaluating the flypaper variant of the fiscal illusion hypothesis using a time-series analysis ofAustralian Commonwealth expenditures for 1981 to 1992. The results of these estimations provide some tentative empirical support for the existence of aflypaper effect on public expenditure in Australia for the period under review.
The neutrophil serine protease inhibitor serpinb1 preserves lung defense functions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

Neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs; elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase-3) directly kill invading microbes. However, excess NSPs in the lungs play a central role in the pathology of inflammatory pulmonary disease. We show that serpinb1, an efficient inhibitor of the three NSPs, preserves cell and molecular components responsible for host defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. On infection, wild-type (WT) and serpinb1-deficient mice mount similar early responses, including robust production of cytokines and chemokines, recruitment of neutrophils, and initial containment of bacteria. However, serpinb1−/− mice have considerably increased mortality relative to WT mice in association with late-onset failed bacterial clearance. We found that serpinb1-deficient neutrophils recruited to the lungs have an intrinsic defect in survival accompanied by release of neutrophil protease activity, sustained inflammatory cytokine production, and proteolysis of the collectin surfactant protein–D (SP-D). Coadministration of recombinant SERPINB1 with the P. aeruginosa inoculum normalized bacterial clearance in serpinb1−/− mice. Thus, regulation of pulmonary innate immunity by serpinb1 is nonredundant and is required to protect two key components, the neutrophil and SP-D, from NSP damage during the host response to infection.
Three-dimensional through-the-wall imaging with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar

One of the main drawbacks of three-dimensional (3-D) through-the-wall imaging (TWI) with synthetic aperture radar is the long data acquisition time. The movement of the target during the long data collection time in TWI causes smearing and target displacement in the image. In this paper, a generalized 3-D imaging algorithm is presented for TWI with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar which is real time in data collection. The far field layered medium Green’s function is incorporated in the MIMO through-the-wall beamformer to take into account and compensate for the wall effects. This makes the imaging algorithm simply applicable to the imaging of targets behind either single- or multilayered building walls, which has promising potential application in urban sensing of building interior targets. The MIMO through-the-wall beamformer can also be simply applied to two-dimensional TWI. Numerical results show that the through-the-wall MIMO beamformer provides high-quality focused images in various wall-...
Capitalism Hasn’t Failed Us: Star Parker, the Housing Crisis, and Moral Hazard

According to legal scholar Sumi Cho, an important role conservatives of color play in the larger conservative movement is functioning in the role of racial mascots. Racial mascotting is when conser...
Emergence of reliable spike patterns in models of CA1 cells contacted by unreliable synapses

Excitatory synapses onto CA1 pyramidal cells fail four times out of five on average, yet the firing of CA1 neuron is elicited at specific phases of the EEG theta cycle with a high degree of precision when a rat is traversing a place field. We use a multicompartmental biophysical model of several reconstructed CA1 cells, and a model of a stochastic glutamatergic synapse that includes facilitation and depression to study the conditions and properties for reliable and precise CA1 firing. The model of the synapse is tightly constrained by experimental data obtained with minimal stimulations in vitro. Synapses are presynaptically stimulated with CA3/entorhinal spike trains that have been recorded in vivo in the behaving rat. We report that under those conditions, CA1 pyramidal cells are capable of generating precise spike patterns that are theta-modulated. The precise timing of the pattern depends mainly on either the recruitment of high initial probability synapses, or on the recruitment of weaker perisomatic synapses receiving fast bursts of 1–3 presynaptic action potentials. The patterns generated are robust to noise, and contain a marked theta-frequency component, even though the input spikes are not coherent at any particular frequency. We also report that spike patterns may include gamma-like frequency components in part due to the synaptic dynamics, and to the presence of fast bursts in the presynaptic inputs. We conclude that even though afferent synapses are unreliable, CA1 pyramidal cells are able to generate precisely timed patterns of spiking that mimic those that are reported in vivo. Our model further predicts that about 400 presynaptic cells are involved in the firing of a single CA1 pyramidal cell when the rat traverses a place field.
Extensive subdural mass

An unusual case of a 62-year-old man with focal seizures, tinnitus, and progressive left hemiparesis due to an extensive subdural plasma cell granuloma is presented. Five-year clinical and radiologic follow-up demonstrating the chronic yet progressive nature of this granuloma is presented. This is the first report of focal calcification seen in an intracranial plasma cell granuloma. The imaging, neuropathologic, and clinical characteristics of this rare lesion are reviewed.
A game with four players

Abstract In this note we consider the gambler's ruin problem with four players, and we compute the expected ruin time when the initial fortunes of all four players are the same.
CYP2E1 degradation by in vitro reconstituted systems: role of the molecular chaperone hsp90.

Abstract One major mode of regulation of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is at the posttranscriptional level, since many low-molecular-weight compounds stabilize the enzyme against proteolysis by the proteasome complex. In an in vitro system containing human liver microsomes, degradation of CYP2E1 in the microsomes required addition of the human liver cytosol fraction in a reaction sensitive to inhibitors of the proteasome complex. It is not clear how CYP2E1 in the microsomal membrane becomes accessible to the cytosolic proteasome. Since molecular chaperones play a role in protein folding and degradation, the possible role of heat shock proteins in CYP2E1 degradation by this reconstituted system was evaluated. Degradation of CYP2E1 required ATP; ATP-γS, a nonhydrolyzable analogue of ATP, did not catalyze CYP2E1 degradation by the cytosol fraction, indicating that ATP hydrolysis is required. Geldanamycin, a specific inhibitor of hsp90, inhibited the degradation of microsomal CYP2E1 by the cytosol fraction. Control experiments indicated that geldanamycin was not a substrate/ligand of CYP2E1 nor did it prevent microsomal lipid peroxidation, a process which increases CYP2E1 turnover. Inhibition by geldanamycin was prevented by molybdate. Both of these compounds have been shown to promote alterations in hsp90 structure and to modulate hsp90–protein interactions. The proteasome activity in the cytosol, as assayed by the cleavage of a fluorogenic peptide, was enhanced when ATP was added and inhibited by 30–40% by geldanamycin, effects that are similar, although less pronounced, to the degradation of CYP2E1 by the cytosol. Purified 20S proteasome could catalyze degradation of CYP2E1; however, in an assay using equal peptidase activity, the cytosol fraction was much more effective than the 20S proteasome in promoting CYP2E1 degradation. Immunodepletion of hsp90 from the cytosol resulted in prevention of the degradation of CYP2E1, a reaction that was reversed by the addition of pure hsp90 to this cytosol. These results suggest that in addition to the proteasome, the cytosol fraction contains other factors that modulate the efficiency of CYP2E1 degradation. The sensitivity to geldanamycin and molybdate and the immunodepletion experiments suggest that hsp90 is one of these factors that interact with CYP2E1 and/or with the proteasome to promote the degradation of this microsomal P450.
A study of residue correlation within protein sequences and its application to sequence classification

We investigate methods of estimating residue correlation within protein sequences. We begin by using mutual information (MI) of adjacent residues, and improve our methodology by defining the mutual information vector (MIV) to estimate long range correlations between nonadjacent residues. We also consider correlation based on residue hydropathy rather than protein-specific interactions. Finally, in experiments of family classification tests, the modeling power of MIV was shown to be significantly better than the classic MI method, reaching the level where proteins can be classified without alignment information.
Phase Error Evaluation in a Two-Path Receiver Front-End With On-Site Coding

Recently, we proposed a code-modulated multipath receiver front-end to reduce the number of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) behind antenna elements and realize significant area, cost, and power reduction. More specifically, code division multiplexing was implemented at the analog front-end for path combining into a single ADC. At the digital baseband, the reverse process was applied to recover signals pertaining to each path. Such front-ends are suitable for spatial diversity and multiplexing and for beamforming. For the latter, it is important to accurately predict the angle of arrival. That is, it is important to faithfully recover the phase difference between adjacent signal paths at the digital baseband. In this paper, the impact of on-site coding on phase error is examined for a two-path receiver using orthogonal Walsh–Hadamard codes of length 8. Simulations show that the relative phase difference, $\Delta \phi $ , between signal paths can be faithfully recovered at the digital baseband. Hardware implementation of a two-path receiver with on-site coding was realized and three different phase measurements were conducted, namely, $\Delta \phi = 27^\circ $ , 40°, and 45°. These measurements confirmed that upon signal and code synchronization, the phases were faithfully recovered with minimal degradation.
AA Amyloidosis: Mount Sinai Experience, 1997–2012

Background: AA amyloidosis is a systemic disease characterized by the extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils derived from the acute-phase reactant serum amyloid A protein. It is typically a consequence of chronic inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn's disease, although more patients are being identified who have more unusual causes or no known inflammatory stimulus. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients with AA amyloidosis seen at Mount Sinai during the period of 1997–2012. Particular attention was paid to the patients' underlying diseases, extent of organ involvement, levels of inflammatory markers and proinflammatory cytokines, presence of pyrin gene mutations, and outcomes. Results: Forty-three patients were seen at Mount Sinai with AA amyloidosis during this period. The most common underlying diseases were rheumatoid arthritis (21%) and Crohn's disease (16%), though 21% of patients were considered to have idiopathic AA amyloid after an extensive search found no underlying inflammatory disease. Almost all patients (95%) had renal involvement based on biopsy or clinical criteria, with 19 patients (44%) eventually requiring dialysis and 5 (12%) undergoing renal transplantation. Inflammatory markers were elevated in most patients; however, interleukin-6 was the only consistently elevated cytokine. Three patients (of 9 tested) were found to be positive for the E148Q pyrin gene mutation. Conclusions: Our study confirms the increasing number of patients being seen with idiopathic AA amyloidosis. More research is needed to determine if these patients have an underlying genetic susceptibility encoded in pyrin or other genes. Our study also confirms the dominance of renal disease in this population. The elevated levels of interleukin-6, in comparison with other cytokines, could represent a therapeutic target. Mt Sinai J Med 79:749–756, 2012. © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
An Immunocompromised Patient With Recent-Onset Skin Lesions

A 53-year-old gayman undergoing treatment for multiple sclerosis had received 2 doses of rituximab, with the last being 3 weeks prior to being hospitalized for worsening lower extremity weakness. He received high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone when he entered the hospital. One week before admission, he noticed tender skin eruptions adjacent to the anus and on the left shin. His physician had prescribed a combination cream of betamethasone diproprionate and clotrimazole for these lesions. The patient reportedno fevers or chills. Hehadnohistory of eczemaandhadnot used any special wipes or cleansing agents in the perianal area. Hewas not aware of any lower leg injury but did note that the shin rash had started as a “bump” that developed a central scab. He did not recall having skin lesions of this type previously. Onphysical examination anerythematous, induratedplaquewith a central blackhemorrhagic crust surrounded by yellow pustulovesicles was seen on the left shin. Adjacent to and surrounding the anus therewas an area of erythemawith irregularmargins and superficial exfoliation (Figure). Quiz at jama.com Figure.
Inducible ischemia and the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events in outpatients with stable coronary heart disease: the heart and soul study.

Background Current guidelines do not recommend routine cardiac stress testing in patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) unless they report symptoms of angina. Our objective was to compare the prognosis of self-reported angina symptoms, inducible ischemia, or both in patients with stable CHD. Methods We measured self-reported angina by questionnaire and inducible ischemia using treadmill stress echocardiography in 937 outpatients with stable CHD. We used Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, to evaluate the independent association of angina and inducible ischemia with CHD events (myocardial infarction or CHD death) during a mean of 3.9 years of follow-up. Results Of the study participants, 129 (14%) had angina alone, 188 (20%) had inducible ischemia alone, and 40 (4%) had both angina and ischemia. Recurrent CHD events occurred in 7% of participants without angina or inducible ischemia, 10% of those with angina alone, 21% of those with inducible ischemia alone, and 23% of those with both angina and inducible ischemia ( P P = .31). However, the presence of inducible ischemia without self-reported angina strongly predicted recurrent CHD events (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4-3.5) ( P = .005). Conclusions We found that 24% of patients with stable CHD had inducible ischemia, and more than 80% of these patients did not report angina. The presence of inducible ischemia without self-reported angina is associated with a greater than 2-fold increased rate of recurrent CHD events.
Designs and Implementations of Automated Systems for Pavement Surface Distress Survey

The categorization and quantification of the type, severity, and extent of surface distress is a primary method for assessing the condition of highway pavements. Various methodologies were developed to automate pavement distress surveys. Significant technical advances were made during the past years. The implementations of the image capturing subsystems include conventional analog-based area-scan, analog and digital line-scan, laser scanning, and shadow Moire method. Newer implementations of image processing include artificial neural net and parallel processing. However, problems still exist in the areas of implementation costs, processing speed, repeatability, and accuracy. This paper presents some of the key developments in recent years for automating pavement distress evaluation. These new systems are described in terms of their potential and applicability. This paper also presents a modified approach to collecting and processing surface distress through the use of high-performance digital cameras for the acquisition of surface distress data.
Material perturbation analysis for frequency reconfigurable antennas

In this paper, we investigate material perturbation as a means to introduce frequency reconfigurability into microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output dielectric resonator antennas (MIMO DRAs). A detailed analysis via eigenvalue perturbation has been carried out to determine the optimal material perturbation placement for maximum frequency agility. The results obtained agree well with those predicted by Harrington's formula. The analysis presented is applicable to any antenna that can be modeled using a cavity model.
Properties of L-glutamate decarboxylase from non-neuronal tissues

Abstract The activity of L-glutamate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.15) (GAD) in various mouse tissues was determined by five different methods, namely, the radiometric CO 2 method, column separation, electrophoretic separation, the filtration method, and amino acid analysis. Results from the latter four methods agreed well, showing that brain had the highest activity, 4.27 nmol/min/mg protein (100%), followed by heart (7.4%), kidney (6.3%) and liver (1.5%). Measurement of brain GAD using the radiometric CO 2 assay method agreed with the other techniques. However, in heart, kidney, and liver, the GAD activities measured by the CO 2 method were about 3–4 times higher than those obtained by the GABA method, suggesting that the CO 2 method does not give a valid measurement of GAD activity in a crude non-neural tissue preparation. GAD activity also was detected in adrenal gland but not in pituitary, stomach, testis, muscle, uterus, lung, salivary gland or spleen. GAD has also been purified from bovine heart to about 2600-fold over the homogenate. Both crude and highly purified GAD preparations from heart were used for immunochemical studies. GAD from brain and spinal cord appear to be identical as judged from the following results: the immunoprecipitin bands fused together without a spur; the enzyme activity was inhibited by anti-GAD to the same extent; and the microcomplement fixation curves were similar in both the shape of the curve and the extent of fixation. No crossreactivity was observed between GAD from heart, kidney or liver and antibody against brain GAD in all the immunochemical tests described above, suggesting that GAD in non-neuronal tissues is different from that in brain and spinal cord.
A Generalized Distance Multi-Sample Test of Normality With Applications to Process Control

In statistical process control one typically takes periodic small samples. Statistical inferences made from these samples often assume that the samples come from normal distributions with the means and variances possibly changing over time. A multisample test of normality is proposed to test this assumption. The test statistic is the generalized distance between the standardized order statistic vector averaged across the samples and its expected value under normality. The null distribution of the statistic approaches a chi-squared distribution as the number of samples increases. A Monte Carlo study suggests that the test has desirable power properties relative to competing tests.
Compact low cost WDM modules for the LAN

Summary form only given.The ever-increasing need for computer bandwidth is creating bottlenecks in the backbones of local area networks (LANs). To address this the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet working group is developing a standard for 10-Gigabit Ethernet (10-GbE). This standard aims to support LAN links up to 300-m in length using 62.5-/spl mu/m core multimode fiber and up to 10-km in length using single-requirement mode fiber. One optical solution, likely to be included in the standard, is wide wavelength division multiplexing (WWDM). Using a single-mode-coupled transmitter and a multi-mode-coupled receiver allows a single module to simultaneously support both fiber types.
Aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass. Results in 1,492 patients, with particular reference to patients with complicating features.

Abstract During a 33-month period ending June, 1972, 1,492 patients underwent aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass (ACB). The early mortality with ACB alone was 7.1%, while mortality was more than double (14 of 86 patients died) when ACB was combined with resection or plication of a ventricular aneurysm. Twenty of 84 patients died in the early period following combined ACB and valve resection. One patient among 8 who had concomitant resection of an ascending aortic aneurysm died after operation. Factors that increased mortality in this series were advanced age, female sex, high coronary artery scores, left main coronary artery lesions, high left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, left ventricular dysfunction, congestive heart failure, the requirement for endarterectomy to perform the anastomosis, and recent acute myocardial infarction. Actuarial data from patients who underwent ACB without concomitant procedures show an annual attrition rate of 2.7% per year, which compares to rates of 4, 6, and 10% for patients with single, double, and triple coronary disease treated without operation. In 311 men and women under the age of 70 who had a coronary artery score below 13 and none of the other risk factors, the early mortality was 1.6% (5 patients) and the late mortality was 1.0% (3 patients).
Some preliminary evidence of the impact of the 2008--2009 financial crisis on women

Beginning in late 2007 and into 2008, a financial crisis originating in the United States spread throughout the world. This article seeks to present preliminary evidence of the impact of this crisis on female labour force participation and the proportion of females working in nonagricultural sectors. A panel data set involving 171 countries is utilized, and the results indicate that the financial crisis led to increases in female labour force participation as well as the proportion of females working in the nonagricultural sector. There are differences in impact for countries of various income levels (low, middle and high). In addition, female political power has also led to increases in the economic participation of females.
Lexical ambiguity and fixation times in reading

Abstract Readers' eye movements were recorded as they read sentences containing lexically ambiguous words or unambiguous control words. The ambiguous words had either two equally likely interpretations (equibiased words) or one highly dominant interpretation (non-equibiased words). On half the trials a preceding clause disambiguated the ambiguous word, while in the remaining trials the disambiguating clause followed the target word. Gaze durations on the target word and reading times on later parts of the sentences varied as a function of the type of target word (ambiguous or control), the type of ambiguous word (equibiased or non-equibiased), and the location of the disambiguating clause. The data from the study support a model in which more that one meaning of an ambiguous word is automatically activated, but degree of activation is influenced by frequency and prior context.
Strategies for measuring quality of life among pediatric solid-organ transplant recipients.

Objective—Quality of life (QoL) has become a mainstay in the outcome assessment of pediatric solid-organ transplant recipients. Yet, how QoL is operationalized and measured varies drastically. It may be very difficult for clinicians and researchers to determine which methods of QoL assessment best meet the needs of their patients or study. The purpose of this literature review is to describe and evaluate the current status of QoL measurement in studies of pediatric solid-organ transplant recipients.Data Sources—Searches of PubMed and PsycINFO from January 1985 to February 2012.Study Selection—English peer-reviewed publications that described a method for measuring QoL whether it was a standardized questionnaire, qualitative approach, or another way of operationalizing the construct.Data Extraction—QoL measurement strategies were extracted from 43 studies that met inclusion criteria.Data Synthesis—Each article was reviewed and summarized by 2 study team members.Conclusions—Many different strategies were us...
Fetal alcohol syndrome in dizygotic twins.

A pair of fraternal twins with stigmata of the fetal alcohol syndrome are described. Apparently differences in susceptibility to the dysmorphogenic influence of ethanol caused one twin to be more severely affected than the other one. Both infants are growing poorly postnatally, and both are at risk for retarded development. Any evidence of the fetal alcohol syndrome, however subtle, should be considered a warning of possible future developmental delay.
The 63, 65Cu(3He, d)64, 66Zn reactions

Abstract Excited levels of 64Zn have been investigated by means of the (3He, d) reaction at an incident energy of 18 MeV. Angular distributions were measured, and distorted wave calculations performed for excitation energies up to about 3 MeV. The ground states and first and second 2+ states at 0.99 and 1.80 MeV in 64Zn and at 1.04 and 1.87 MeV in 66Zn appear to be largely due to orbital angular momentum transfers of l = 1. The known 0+ states at 1.90 and 2.62 MeV in 64Zn and at 2.38 MeV in 66Zn, the 4+ states at 2.32 MeV in 64Zn and at 2.46 MeV in 66Zn and the possible 3− states at 3.00 MeV in 64Zn and at 2.81 MeV in 66Zn have angular distributions consistent with l = 1, 3, and 4, respectively. Distorted wave calculations have been performed with and without finite range and non-local potentials, and spectroscopic factors determined.