cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The electrodissolution of copper-nickel alloys

Abstract Utilizing a differential polarographic technique, the partial currents due to the dissolution of each of the species in copper-nickel alloys have been measured as a function of potential and alloy composition. Heats of activation for the electrodissolution of the individual components have been determined. The dissolving surface has been observed optically. Rate constants for the electrodissolution of each component have been determined. In the absence of new phase formation, and the presence of rate-determining charge transfer, the rate constant for dissolution is expected to be independent of alloy composition and equal to that of the pure component dissolving from its lattice. Thus, a criterion for the formation of a new surface phase was established. The values of the transfer coefficients indicate rate-determining charge transfer in respect to the dissolution of each component. The rate-constant composition plots indicate that from 0 to ca 65 at-% copper, k o Cu and k o Ni are independent of composition. Above ca 65 at-% copper, they are composition-dependent; hence a new phase on the surface is indicated. A rationalization of the current for dissolution of each component as a function of time during the setting up of the steady state has been made, but only if the diffusion coefficients are of order of magnitude consistent with divacancy diffusion in the bulk. Such relatively high diffusional velocities promote the rapid achievement of surface equilibration, and the formation of the new phases. Analysis of the variation of the transfer coefficient and that of the partial heats of activation with composition, point to the onset of phase separation above about 55 at-% copper. This is in agreement with independent findings for CuNi alloys at temperatures below 200°C.
Organizational Status Attainment of Religious Professionals

We present linear and curvilinear path models describing the organizational status attainment process of respondents from a national survey of over 3,000 Catholic priests and bishops from eighty-five dioceses. The analysis reveals that the effects of origins on a clergyman's current status in the church are weak; other variables describing the career process itself are far more influential. Priests who attended elite seminaries, received advanced degrees, and held important assignments during their past careers, now enjoy higherstatus positions in the dioceses. But the strongest predictor of current status is seniority. For a few elite promotions a "crown prince" selection process operates parallel to the dominant pattern of advancement by seniority. We discuss implications of the findings in terms of an open versus closed stratification system.
Personnalité, caractère et tempérament : la structure translinguistique des traits

Resume Nous faisons un tour d'horizon des progres realises dans l'etude d'une question scientifique importante : quelle est la meilleure facon d'organiser et de structurer les attributs de la personnalite et du caractere ? Nous expliquons d'abord l'interet de l'etude du langage concernant la personnalite et le caractere et nous exposons ensuite les resultats les plus importants des etudes lexicales realisees dans 16 langues sur les descripteurs de la personnalite. Utilisant un large eventail de criteres pour evaluer les modeles structuraux, nous comparons les principaux modeles derives du lexique. Nous concluons que les structures uni- ou bifactorielles sont non seulement les plus economiques mais aussi les plus faciles a repliquer dans differentes cultures. Bien que des structures disposant de plus de facteurs (e.g. le « Big Five ») aient un avantage predictif, on ne peut affirmer aujourd'hui avec certitude qu'un modele lexical a cinq, six ou sept facteurs est plus generalisable a d'autres cultures. Il est souhaitable de developper un modele structural a plusieurs niveaux disposant de facettes specifiques mais aussi de facteurs globaux et independants, ainsi qu'un modele structural qui depasse les traits de la personnalite definis habituellement afin d'inclure une palette plus large de differences interindividuelles.
Gender and the Seriousness of Assaults on Intimate Partners and Other Victims

We examine the ways in which assaults committed by male intimate partners are more serious than assaults committed by female partners and whether these differences reflect gender differences in offending and victimization generally. Analyses of the National Violence Against Women and Men Survey (N =6,480) show that, in general, gender effects do not depend on the victim's relationship to the offender. Regardless of their relationship (a) men cause more injuries; (b) women suffer more injuries although their injuries tend to be less severe; (c) victims are more fearful of male offenders but only if the offenders are unarmed; and (d) men are particularly likely to precipitate assaults by other men, not their female partners. Violent husbands do assault with particularly high frequency but so do women who assault family members.
Theory of generalized adiabatic following in multilevel systems

Abstract We present an exact analytic result in the theory of multiple laser excitation of multilevel atoms by multiphoton adiabatic following.
Our approach to the management of congenital presacral tumors in adults.

This study reviews the recent overall experience in one colorectal surgery department with congenital presacral tumors in adults. 24 patients greater than 21 years of age, who underwent curative resection between January 1980 and August 1992, were analyzed retrospectively. The growths were divided into two broad categories: developmental cysts and chordomas. The most common presenting symptom was pain (19/24). A preoperative evaluation regimen is outlined in the study and includes use of CT scanning, MRI imaging, and possibly the use of endoluminal ultrasound to document the relationship of presacral tumors to pelvic viscera. There were 20 developmental cysts and 4 chordomas treated in this series. 15 of 19 developmental cysts were excised by a posterior approach alone, 2 were excised by an anterior approach alone, and 3 were treated by a combined approach. Trans-sacral excision was carried out in 4 patients with developmental cysts. One chordoma was resected posteriorly and the other 3 through a combined anterior and posterior approach. Three recurrences were diagnosed after excision of developmental cysts at 8, 18, and 41 months postoperatively. Recurrence occurred in 3 of 4 chordoma patients after 25, 32, and 55 months. Reexcision was carried out in all patients. None of the developmental cyst cases developed a second recurrence but 2 of the 3 chordoma patients have recurred, but have undergone local irradiation, which has controlled their disease. A detailed surgical treatment plan is outlined in this article, emphasizing that total excision be the goal surgery, even if this requires a combined anterior and posterior approach. In cases of recurrence of both development cysts and chordoma, re-excision is a reasonable therapeutic option.
Iteration in the 1890’s: Leau

The most troublesome behavior involving fixed points occurs when the derivative at the fixed point, often called the multiplier of the fixed point, has modulus one. Consequently, Koenigs made no headway with this case, and it was not until the mid-1890’s that any progress was made.
A Randomized Study in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery Comparing Computer-Guided Glucose Management With a Standard Sliding Scale Protocol

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare a standard insulin protocol with a computer-guided glucose management system to determine which method achieves tighter glucose control. Design: A prospective, randomized trial. Setting: A cardiothoracic intensive care unit (ICU) in a large academic medical center. Participants: Forty patients with diabetes mellitus who were scheduled for cardiac surgery. Interventions: After induction of anesthesia and for the first 9 hours in the ICU, each subject received a standardized infusion of a 10% glucose solution at a rate of 1.0 mL/kg/h (ideal body weight). The subjects were then randomized to have their glucose controlled by either a paper-based insulin protocol or by a computer-guided glucose management system (CG). The desired range for blood glucose was set between 90 and 150 mg/dL. Measurements and Main Results: There were no differences between groups in baseline characteristics. Patients in the CG group spent more time in the desired range during both the intraoperative phase (49% v 27%, p = 0.001) and the ICU phase (84% v 60%, p Conclusions: The computer-guided glucose management system achieved tighter blood glucose control than a standard paper-based protocol in diabetic patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, the low proportion of blood glucose recordings within the desired range in both groups during the intraoperative period reflects the challenges associated with achieving normoglycemia during cardiac surgery.
Complexity Leadership: A Healthcare Imperative

Problem The healthcare system is plagued with increasing cost and poor quality outcomes. A major contributing factor for these issues is that outdated leadership practices, such as leader-centricity, linear thinking, and poor readiness for innovation, are being used in healthcare organizations. Solution Complexity leadership theory provides a new framework with which healthcare leaders may practice leadership. Complexity leadership theory conceptualizes leadership as a continual process that stems from collaboration, complex systems thinking, and innovation mindsets. Conclusion Compared to transactional and transformational leadership concepts, complexity leadership practices hold promise to improve cost and quality in health care.
Ethnic Identity and Bilingualism Attitudes

Attitudes toward bilingualism among a national sample of persons of Mexican descent are cast in a set of social psychological forces in which structural integration and childhood linguistic environment influence ethnic identity, which in turn influences bilingualism attitudes through its impact on political consciousness. Support is provided by evidence that ethnic identity, specifically a politically-framed conception of self as Chicana/Chicano and as part of la raza, fosters positive views of bilingualism both directly and indirectly through political consciousness. Ethnic identity also influences bilingualism attitudes through a different and contradictory path. Traditional self-conceptions as Mexican and Spanish-speaking directly encourage support of bilingualism but, at the same time, engage conservative political attitudes that discourage it.
Properties of Nitrogen-Containing Stainless Alloy Designed for High Resistance to Pitting

Abstract This paper describes the following features of a recently developed high nitrogen-bearing, highly corrosion resistant stainless steel: tensile properties, stress corrosion characteristics in boiling magnesium chloride solution, effect of sensitizing heat treatment on the nature and extent of grain boundary attack, and electrochemical polarization behavior in sulfuric acid and low pH chloride solutions.
Cultural Competence, Evidence-Based Medicine, and Evidence-Based Practices

Cultural competence and evidence-based medicine are two powerful discourses that have become core components of contemporary psychiatry. Evidence-based medicine has particularly influenced psychiatry by spawning the enthusiastic creation and adoption of evidence-based practices. Despite their prominence, these paradigms have stood somewhat in isolation from each other. This Open Forum explores the relationship between these two conceptual paradigms, paying particular attention to implications for evidence-based practices. The author aims to stimulate a greater degree of mutual engagement and integration of these paradigms by examining epistemological, philosophical, and methodological overlap and discrepancy. Both paradigms can stretch and enrich each other in a positive manner. This could help achieve a situation where cultural competency becomes more evidence based and evidence-based medicine becomes more culturally competent. Such action would help bring to fruition a shared aim of both discourses-more humane, just, and effective patient-centered care.
Microfluidic stochastic confinement enhances analysis of rare cells by isolating cells and creating high density environments for control of diffusible signals

Rare cells can be difficult to analyze because they either occur in low numbers or coexist with a more abundant cell type, yet their detection is crucial for diagnosing disease and maintaining human health. In this tutorial review, we introduce the concept of microfluidic stochastic confinement for use in detection and analysis of rare cells. Stochastic confinement provides two advantages: (1) it separates rare single cells from the bulk mixture and (2) it allows signals to locally accumulate to a higher concentration around a single cell than in the bulk mixture. Microfluidics is an attractive method for implementing stochastic confinement because it provides simple handling of small volumes. We present technologies for microfluidic stochastic confinement that utilize both wells and droplets for the detection and analysis of single cells. We address how these microfluidic technologies have been used to observe new behavior, increase speed of detection, and enhance cultivation of rare cells. We discuss potential applications of microfluidic stochastic confinement to fields such as human diagnostics and environmental testing.
Capabilities in Context: National Attributes and Foreign Policy in the Middle East

National capability can contribute to an explanation of foreign policy behavior if research is sensitive to the role of political context and the systems of which nations are a part. A nation's capability constrains and induces its policy and high-capability states are likely to be the dominant members of a system. Propositions related to both 'rank' and 'social field theory' are useful for understanding the level of interaction among states. The nature of that interaction, though, is largely a product of a political context promoted and reinforced by the behavior of states. These ideas can be applied to the Middle East where the gap between the regional rich and the poor has grown and the former have assumed a regional role commensurate with their capability. As the role of pan-Arabism has changed, capabilities have become important explanations for how regional states behave. A model composed of seven variable blocs is tested across 91 dyads for two five-year periods: 1957-1961 and 1968-1972. While desi...
Late-presenting congenital diaphragmatic hernia: diagnostic pitfalls and outcome

We sought to review the presentation, diagnosis, and outcome of a series of children with late-presenting, congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDH). Bochdalek and Morgagni hernias that were diagnosed after 30 days of age, between January 1989 and December 2009, were reviewed retrospectively. A medical record review and telephone survey were conducted in 2010. Thirty-one subjects, diagnosed with CDH between 45 days and 13 years of age (mean, 16 months), were reviewed. Bochdalek hernias were present in 18 (58%) and Morgagni hernias in 13 (42%). There were twenty (64%) left-sided, eight (26%) right-sided, and three (10%) bilateral CDH. Five (16%) had other congenital anomalies. Eight (25.8%), including a subject with strangulated intestine that required resection, were initially misdiagnosed, due mostly to failure to obtain or correctly interpret a chest radiograph. Thirty (97%) were repaired by an abdominal approach, including seven laparoscopic closures. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 20 years (median, 7 years). All subjects survived without recurrence. Unlike neonatally diagnosed CDH, neither right-sided hernia, patch repair, nor associated esophageal atresia predicted morbidity. Although diagnostic delays may lead to morbidity, if late-presenting CDH are expeditiously identified and repaired, their outcome is very good, in contrast to those that present in neonates.
An adjunct weather radar system based on a modular software design

A general purpose software-based weather system was developed to support various operations at the Kwajalein Missile Range. This system, which was primarily developed for the C-band ALCOR radar, can be easily ported to work at other sensors by changing only the data input routine. The system offers greater flexibility in weather sensing and provides numerous specific features that aid mission planners to making critical go/no-go decisions.
Effects of nano-sized particles on electrical and thermal conductivities of polymer composites

Polymer composite materials, for their cost-effectiveness and design flexibility, have been widely employed in electronic packaging industry. They possess unique characteristics combining the low-temperature processability of organic polymer matrix and the various functionalities endowed by the other components in the composites. Electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) have been explored as an environment friendly interconnection technique. While they have many potential advantages for surface mount and flip chip applications, typical ECA materials suffer from several critical issues to be used as a drop-in replacement for lead-containing solders. In an attempt to understand and improve the thermomechanical properties of ECA materials, nano-sized silver particles were introduced into the conventional ECA compositions. The influence of nano particles on bulk resistivity is reported in this paper, as maintaining an acceptable conductivity is essential for high performance and environmentally benign interconnections. It was found that the bulk resistivity of ECA formulations strongly depended on the contents of silver flake and nano particles, as well as the particle morphology and surface properties. The thermal conductivity of alumina based composite samples was also affected upon the inclusion of nano alumina particles. Both the electrical and thermal conductivities of the polymer composites containing nano particles would be determined by the contacts of microsized particles and interfaces that involve nano particles along the conduction paths.
Synthesis of [5,6-13C2, 1-14C]olivetolic acid, methyl [1′-13C]olivetolate and [5,6-13C2, 1-14C]cannabigerolic acid

Potential advanced intermediates in the biosynthesis of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol have been synthesized labeled with two contiguous 13C atoms and 14C. Methyl [5,6-13C2, 1-14C]olivetolate was prepared from lithium [13C2]acetylide and dimethyl [2-14C]malonate. Reaction with geranyl bromide afforded methyl [5,6-13C2, 1-14C]cannabigerolate, and hydrolysis of these methyl esters with lithium propyl mercaptide yielded the corresponding labeled acids. The 13C-13C couplings observable in the 13C NMR spectra of these 13C-enriched compounds and their synthetic precursors are recorded. Methyl [1′-14C]olivetolate was prepared from 13CO2 to confirm assignments of the 13C chemical shifts in the pentyl side chain of these compounds.
Biosynthesis of collagen crosslinks. III. In vivo labeling and stability of lung collagen in rats with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Rats were injected intraperitoneally with 1 mCi (each) of [3H]lysine at Day 11 of neonatal life to label their lung collagen. Five weeks later, half of the animals were given an intratracheal injection of 1.5 U of bleomycin sulfate via a tracheostomy; control animals received saline intratracheally by the same technique. Age-matched groups of control and bleomycin-treated rats were killed, and their lung collagen was analyzed at zero (control animals only), 1,2,4,6, and 10 wk after bleomycin administration, a time course appropriate for development of pulmonary fibrosis in this animal model. We measured radioactivity in hydroxylysine and in the difunctional collagen crosslinks hydroxylysinonorleucine and dihydroxylysinonorleucine at each time point. No evidence of breakdown of this pool of mature, preformed collagen was observed in lungs of either the control or the bleomycin-treated rats. We also measured the total lung content of hydroxypyridinium, a trifunctional collagen crosslink, by its intrinsic fl...
Molecular systematics and evolution of Regina and the thamnophiine snakes.

Snakes of the tribe Thamnophiini represent an ecologically important component of the herpetofauna in a range of habitats across North America. Thamnophiines are the best-studied colubrids, yet little is known of their systematic relationships. A molecular phylogenetic study of 32 thamnophiine species using three complete mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2, and 12S ribosomal DNA) recovered a well-supported phylogeny with three major clades: a garter snake group, a water snake group, and a novel semifossorial group. The historically contentious genus Regina, which contains the crayfish-eating snakes, is polyphyletic. The phylogeographic pattern of Thamnophis is consistent with an hypothesis of at least one invasion of northern North America from Mexico. © 2001 Elsevier Science
Protocol modeling, textual analysis, the bifurcation/bootstrapping method, andConvince Me: Computer-based techniques for studying beliefs and their revision

This paper traces a progression of four computer-based methods for studying and fostering both the structure and the on-line development of knowledge. Each empirical technique employs ECHO, a connectionist model that instantiates the theory of explanatory coherence (TEC). First, verbal pro­ tocols of subjects' reasonings were modeled post hoc. Next, ECHOpredicted, a priori, subjects' text­ based believability ratings. Later, the bifurcation/bootstrapping method was developed to elicit and account for individuals' background knowledge, while assessing intercoder reliability regarding ECHO simulations. Finally, Convince Me, our "reasoner's workbench," automated the explication both of subjects' knowledge bases and of their belief assessments; the Convince Me software per­ mits contrasts between the model's predictions and subjects' proposition-wise evaluations. These ex­ perimental systems enhance our understanding of the relationships among-and determinant fea­ tures regarding-hypotheses, evidence, and the arguments that incorporate them. Human reasoning and argumentation represent some of the most vexing phenomena of cognitive psychology. Whether one is opining about 0.1. Simpson's guilt or in­ nocence at the local pub, or explaining new logic-puzzle data to colleagues, several difficulties arise. First, the ex­ tent ofan individual's initial knowledge base is rarely clear: What does a person know, and what does a person not know? Determining the mechanisms by which people add to their knowledge is also difficult: How variable are indi­ viduals' "inference engines"? Finally, for a terminal corpus ofbeliefs, some propositions seem evidentiary, some seem more hypothetical, and all have varying confidence levels: How do we assess these features of a person's thinking?
Discrete Fourier transform using summation by parts

An algorithm for evaluating the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) at particular output frequency is derived using a technique called summation by parts (SBP). This technique is shown to reduce the number of multiplications and the number of bits per multiplicative coefficient needed to implement the DFT. For many transform lengths, only two one-bit multiplications or simple memory shifts are needed to implement the DFT. When the DFT length is prime, a SBP algorithm designed for a fixed output frequency index can be used to evaluate the DFT at any other non-zero output frequency index simply by appropriately changing the order of the input sequence.
Exploring feedback active noise control with ambisonics

Excessive undesired acoustic noise interferes with normal daily human activities and hence, it needs to be controlled and alleviated. With efficient and powerful computational capability of digital technology, recent adaptive active noise control (ANC) research has seen its way into consumer electronics, automobiles and recreational applications. Unlike Feedforward ANC methods, Feedback ANC methods require no direct measurement of the source noise making them more cost-effective and more suitable for use in large 3-dimensional acoustic environments with multiple noise sources. In this paper, we propose the use of spatial advances made in Higher Order Ambisonics (HOA) technology to attenuate localized noise sources and extend the quiet zone in a large area using multi-channel Feedback ANC architecture. We show that the use of Ambisonics soundfield microphones improves updating of the adaptive algorithms for parallel processing and real-time implementation in the proposed ANC system. The proposed ANC system can be used to control the noise in large acoustic enclosures such as museums and concert halls.
Customer Herding in Services with Waiting Costs

We explore customer choice behavior when they face a choice between service providers of unknown service value. Customers arrive according to a Poisson process to the market. Service times are exponentially distributed with the same rate at each service provider. Both the service providers are capacitated (finite buffers), and the customers incur waiting costs when waiting for service. Customers observe decisions made by other customers in the form of queue lengths before making their choice. If more customers choose the same service, longer queues will form at the service. Therefore, the arriving customers infer service value is better at the service with the longer queue and would prefer to join the longer queue. But customers also have to suffer additional waiting costs in the longer queue before consuming the service. Furthermore, they might not even get the service at longer queue sometimes because the waiting space is full. We characterize the equilibrium queue-joining behavior of arriving customers under the presence of such positive and negative externalities. In addition to the above-mentioned externalities, customer choice is influenced by heterogeneity in the customer information. When endowed with noisy private signals, customers might ignore their own private information and join the longer queue. We find that even when the waiting costs are positive, it might be rational for customers to join the longer queue when the total arrivals to the market is not very high compared to total service rate. Therefore, market shares of high quality firms improve under positive externalities when the arrival rates are low or when the service rates are fast. Finally, we show that the most informed customers in a market do not herd, even if their signal were quite poor, as long as they had better signals than other customers in the market. Thus, we demonstrate that heterogeneity in customer information is a bigger driver of herding behavior than queue lengths per se. Agents with only marginally better and imperfect information can trigger other agents in the market to herd.
'Hope, Danger's Comforter'

This essay explores the meaning of hope, or "elpis," in Thucydides' History in order to rethink the meaning of hope for politics and political theory today.
Three-dimensional interfacial structure determination of hollow gold nanosphere aggregates

The boundary regions between hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) comprising an extended aggregate were examined using 3-D electron tomography. The images obtained from these experiments allowed for precise determination of the 3-D arrangement of the HGNs within the aggregate and revealed structural heterogeneities that were not resolvable with traditional two-dimensional techniques. These features included particle necking, point contacts, lattice pinholes, and HGN cavities that were joined by pores. The theoretical influence of these interfacial substructures on nanoscale plasmon properties was assessed using finite difference time domain (FDTD) numerical simulations. These results demonstrated the prospective impact of 3-D imaging techniques on the development of complete-structure descriptions of nanoscale optical properties.
Gaps in affiliation indexing in Scopus and PubMed.

Objective: The authors sought to determine whether unexpected gaps existed in Scopus’s author affiliation indexing of publications written by the University of Nebraska Medical Center or Nebraska Medicine (UNMC/NM) authors during 2014. Methods: First, we compared Scopus affiliation identifier search results to PubMed affiliation keyword search results. Then, we searched Scopus using affiliation keywords (UNMC, etc.) and compared the results to PubMed affiliation keyword and Scopus affiliation identifier searches. Results: We found that Scopus’s records for approximately 7% of UNMC/NM authors’ publications lacked appropriate UNMC/NM author affiliation identifiers, and many journals’ publishers were supplying incomplete author affiliation information to PubMed. Conclusions: Institutions relying on Scopus to track their impact should determine whether Scopus’s affiliation identifiers will, in fact, identify all articles published by their authors and investigators.
Determination of 20 elements in Lentinus edodes by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry( ICP-MS)

Objective To develop a method for analysis of 20 elements in Lentinus edodes by ICP-MS at the same time. Methods After microwave digestion treatment by mononitrate system,20 elements in Lentinus edodes were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,including Cr,As,Cd,Hg,Pb,etc. Some methods were adopted to eliminate the spectral interference,such as the optimization of instrument conditions,the selection of the best isotope and the correction equation.6Li,72Ge,115In and209Bi were chosen as internal standard elements to reduce the matrix interference and the instrument signal drift. Results Under the optimized conditions,the linear correlation coefficient of all elements was greater than 0. 999, the detection limits varied from 0. 00033 mg / kg to 0. 044 mg / kg,the relative standard deviations were from 1. 50% to 19. 3%, the recovery ratios were 81. 1% ~ 120%. By the method,the analysis results of 20 elements in GBW10052 and GBW10023 were consistent with the certified values. Conclusion The method was simple and rapid for analysis of 20 elements in Lentinus edodes,due to satisfying sensitivity,precision and accuracy.
Cytomegalovirus Hepatitis in 88 Infants

Objective To investigate the clinical features of infant cytomegalovirus(CMV) hepatitis.Method Retrospectively to analyze the onset characteristics,clinical manifestation,laboratory results,iconographic change and treatment lapses of about 88 patients who were the patients in Beijing Children′s Hospital from Oct.2005 to Apr.2008.Results The male/female ration was 1.931,with an average age of (2.40±0.93) months.Eighty-four patients(95.45%) had jaundice as the first symptom.Fifty-six patients with hepatomegaly(63.64%),and 45 patients with splenomegalia(51.14%).There were 80 patients who had heightened ALT (90.91%),84 patients heighte-ned total bilirubin(TB) (95.45%),83 patients heightened direct bilirubin(DB) (94.31%),53 patients DB/TB≥50%(60.23%),75 patients heightened GGT (85.23%),79 patients heightened TBA (89.77%).Seventy patients were surveyed,and there were 18 patients who had been suspected as congenital atresia of biliary duct.Among them,2 cases got healed,3 cases improved,13 cases ineffective.Among the other 52 patients,31 cases got healed.The average time for healing was 7.3 months with 18 cases improved and 3 cases ineffective.Conclusions Cholestatic hepatitis is a common type of the infant CMV hepatitis cholestatic hepatitis.It often leads to viscera and system damages.The majority of the patients improve after the treatment of traditional Chinese herbs combined with western medicine healing,but those who has longer course of treatment,heightened DB,and white stool often has little improvement.
Evaluation of Ozone Emissions and Exposures from Consumer Products and Home Appliances

Ground-level ozone can cause serious adverse health effects and environmental impacts. This study measured ozone emissions and impacts on indoor ozone levels and associated exposures from 17 consumer products and home appliances that could emit ozone either intentionally or as a by-product of their functions. Nine products were found to emit measurable ozone, one up to 6230 ppb at a distance of 5 cm (2 inches). One use of these products increased room ozone concentrations by levels up to 106 ppb (mean, from an ozone laundry system) and personal exposure concentrations of the user by 12–424 ppb (mean). Multiple cycles of use of one fruit and vegetable washer increased personal exposure concentrations by an average of 2550 ppb, over 28 times higher than the level of the 1-h California Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone (0.09 ppm). Ozone emission rates ranged from 1.6 mg/h for a refrigerator air purifier to 15.4 mg/h for a fruit and vegetable washer. The use of some products was estimated to contribute up to 87% of total daily exposures to ozone. The results show that the use of some products may result in potential health impacts.
LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY : INITIAL NEW ZEALAND EXPERIENCE

In a prospective study, 75 (97.4%) of 77 consecutive patients presenting to one surgeon for acute or elective cholecystectomy were suitable for the laparoscopic technique. The study group was 70.6% female with an average age of 46.2 years. One patient (1.3%) required conversion to an open operation for a gangrenous gallbladder. The remainder were completed in a mean of 99.7 minutes, with patients staying a mean 1.5 nights postoperatively and achieving a pain score of zero at a mean 4.4 days. There was no morbidity or mortality and most returned to work at one week. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has apparent advantages over the traditional open technique and is a safe and effective treatment for almost all patients with gallbladder disease when performed by an experienced and trained surgeon.
Neurocognitive and neurophysiological correlates of motor planning during familiar and novel contexts.

OBJECTIVE Research suggests that behavioral indices of motor planning (i.e., latencies that precede motor output) (a) relate to processing speed (PS) and executive functioning (EF), but not working memory (WM), and (b) deteriorate in novel contexts. It is not clear whether an electrophysiological index of motor planning (i.e., movement-related cortical potentials; MRCPs) also relates to PS and EF, and whether it deteriorates in novel contexts. This study sought to clarify associations among these variables while manipulating contextual novelty. METHOD Forty healthy adults completed standardized measures of PS, EF, and WM. Participants performed highly familiar motor sequences in familiar versus novel contexts during EEG recording, while motor planning latencies and peak MRCPs were obtained. Hierarchical regressions assessed the relative contributions of PS, EF, and WM to motor planning latencies and MRCPs. RESULTS Novel contexts elicited longer planning latencies (gav = 1.96) and reduced MRCPs (gav = .24) compared to familiar contexts. PS predicted planning times in both familiar (R² = .12) and novel contexts (R² = .15), while EF contributed additional variance during novel contexts only (R² Change = .10). EF was the sole predictor of MRCPs in both familiar (R² = .12) and novel contexts (R² = .18). WM did not predict planning latencies or MRCPs. CONCLUSIONS Contextual novelty alone can decrease performance and neural activation during complex sequencing. The general link between preparatory activation and EF suggests that capacity limitations drive novelty effects, and implies a common substrate underlying motor planning and higher-order behavioral control.
Topological terahertz circuits using semiconductors

Topological insulator-based devices can transport electrons/photons at the surfaces of materials without any back reflections, even in the presence of obstacles. Topological properties have recently been investigated using non-reciprocal materials, such as gyromagnetics, or using bianisotropy. However, these effects usually saturate at the optical frequencies and limit our ability to scale down the devices. In order to implement topological devices that we introduce in this paper for the terahertz range, we show that the semiconductors can be utilized via their cyclotron resonance in combination with small magnetic fields. We propose two terahertz operating devices such as the topological tunable power splitter and the topological circulator. This work opens up the perspectives in designing the terahertz integrated devices and circuits with high functionality.
User Methods and Approaches to Design Cognitive Systems

This paper presents the results of a review of existing literature on user research practices for designing cognitive systems. Three databases were analyzed to review the user methods and approaches researchers apply in this field. It was considered methods and approaches aimed to gather user information and provide insights to design systems that augment human knowledge. As a result 82 papers were examined. It was clear the design process of Cognitive systems depends of user input and interaction to be successful; therefore new research methods are necessary to investigate how design artifacts might influence in decision-making, considering user interpretation, trust and confidence.
Epigenetics in the Developmental Origin of Cardiovascular Disorders

The “developmental origins of health and disease” (DOHaD) hypothesis derives from robust clinical and experimental observations indicating long-term health consequences for persons of low birth weight and compromised fetal development. Several themes have emerged, such as the presence of critical periods of vulnerability (in utero and ex utero), the presence of sex differences, and the emerging importance of epigenetic phenomena in the progression and development of cardiovascular disease. Despite compelling findings in recent studies, much remains unclear regarding the exact mechanisms and the specific roles of various epigenetic pathways in the developmental origins of cardiovascular disease. Recognizing the impact of epigenetic modifications at different critical periods of programming uniquely situates research in this area to provide significant insights into the development and progression of many cardiovascular abnormalities and diseases.
From Classical Physics to Quantum Physics: A Still Aborning Paradigm Shift

Classical physics is the physics that Isaac Newton built some 350 years ago. It gave us the idea that objects of the world follow a mathematical prescription independent of us, the subjects; indeed, the entire reality is independent of us and is objective. Classical physics has also given us a view of the world that is mechanistic, deterministic, and materialistic.
ε-Controlled-Replicate: An ImprovedControlled-Replicate Algorithm for Multi-way Spatial Join Processing on Map-Reduce

Gupta et al. [11] studied the problem of handling multi-way spatial join queries on map-reduce platform and proposed the Controlled-Replicate algorithm for the same. In this paper we present e-Controlled-Replicate - an improved Controlled-Replicate procedure for processing multi-way spatial join queries on map-reduce. We show that e-Controlled-Replicate algorithm presented in this paper involves a significantly smaller communication cost vis-a-vis Controlled-Replicate. We discuss the details of e-Controlled-Replicate algorithm and through an experimental study over synthetic as well as real-life California road datasets, we show the efficacy of the e-Controlled-Replicate algorithm vis-a-vis Controlled-Replicate.
The changing structure of US industrial research: implications for R&D organization in the Russian Federation

This paper surveys the historical development and current status of industrial R&D in the USA, in order to examine the factors affecting the location of R&D within industrial firms and the relationship between intrafirm R&D and research activities external to the firm, and to draw some implications for the reorganization of the Russian Federation's network of independent research institutes. As I note in my conclusions, the weight of historical and contemporary evidence suggests that externally performed R&D is likely to prove most effective as a complement to, rather than a substitute for, research activities within the firm. The need for close links between manufacturing practice and technology development, the 'tacit' character of much of the knowledge incorporated into industrial technology, and the difficulties in transmitting this knowledge across organizational boundaries all suggest that the contributions of contract or external research to industrial technology development will be greatest when this research is parallelled by R&D activities within the firm.
Bilateral Large Pneumothoraxes Following Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Generator Change: A Case Report of an Uncommon Event Complicating a Common Procedure.

INTRODUCTION A bilateral large spontaneous pneumothorax to our knowledge has never been reported after a device implantation. We report an unusual case of a patient developing spontaneous bilateral large pneumothoraxes after an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator generator and lead revision without evidence of any obvious traumatic cardiac injury. CASE PRESENTATION A 79-year-old white man was scheduled for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator generator change and addition of an atrial lead. Approximately one hour after the procedure, he suddenly went into respiratory distress with profuse sweating, and pallor with falling oxygen saturation and blood pressure. Chest x-ray showed bilateral large pneumothoraxes. DISCUSSION In our literature search, we found no reports of large bilateral pneumothorax in the absence of any traumatic cardiac or lung injury. Rupture of bilateral pleura during subclavian access or presence of pleuropleural communication or a right atrial microperforation could be possible causes.
Preanesthetic evaluation of the patient with end-stage heart failure.

Heart failure (HF) currently affects more than 5 million patients in the United States [1]. Advanced HF is associated with high mortality and poor quality of life. It is estimated that between 5% and 10% of all patients with HF have an advanced form of the disease [1]. Orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) is an accepted therapy for stage D HF [3] (Fig. 1). Unfortunately, the number of patients with the disease exceeds the number of available organs. This makes appropriate patient selection vital in the field of heart transplantation. Anesthetic evaluation of the patient presenting for OHT or mechanical circulatory support (MCS) implantation is a vital component of the patient's perioperative course. Patients often have had extensive diagnostic testing and assessment prior to being listed for OHT or considered for MCS implantation. Because of the often urgent nature of these procedures, the cardiac anesthesiologist must conduct a focused review of the relevant information and perform a focused patient interview and physical exam.
Semi-Parametric Estimation of Dynamic Discrete Choice Models

We new develop a method for estimating dynamic discrete choice models, such as Rust (1987), without distributional assumptions on error terms. Our method is tractable in that it does not require high-dimensional searches over the space of counterfactuals, and involves mainly linear programming and value function iterations. We show that the counterfactuals bounded by our method is fairly tight when applied to the Rust (1987) data. The method may therefore be useful to applied researchers in bounding parameter estimates and counterfactual outcomes in dynamic discrete choice models without distributional assumptions.
Carotid Bodies and the Integrated Cardiorespiratory Response to Hypoxia.

Advances in our understanding of brain mechanisms for the hypoxic ventilatory response, coordinated changes in blood pressure, and the long-term consequences of chronic intermittent hypoxia as in s...
Immunogold localization of a disease resistance response protein in Pisum sativum endocarp cells

Disease resistance in pea ( Pisum sativum L. cv. Alcan) tissue inoculated with macroconidia of the incompatible fungal pathogen Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli is correlated with increased levels of mitochondrial DNA (mRNA) homologous to cloned disease resistance response (DRR) 49 gene sequences. Antiserum developed against a fusion protein containing segments of the native DRR 49 was used to study spatial and temporal localization of the protein in the inner parenchyma layers of immature pods inoculated with either F. solani f. sp. phaseoli or the compatible f. sp. pisi . The protein corresponding to DRR 49 was localized primarily in the nucleus in all treatments.
Fracture Toughness of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Blends

A series of acrylic blends was prepared from three feedstocks having number average molecular weights (M n) of 4X103 (L), 3X104 (M) , and 1X105 (H). After single-edge-notched tension bars were machined from molded sheets, the fracture surface energy (γ) was determined using the Brown and Srawley equation. When the mean γ was plotted against the blend composition, results showed a different dependence for each binary combination: H/M suggested a linear relationship, while H/L and M/L appeared concave downward and upward, respectively. Further reduction of this data to a molecular weight basis permitted analysis via three general approaches: that a property, P ∝ M n -1, that P ∝ log M w, and that P ∝ log x n (where x n = M n/Mo). The first two relationships gave straight line segments for each binary combination and provided interesting parallels with several previous investigators--Sookne, Flory, Nielsen, and Berry. In the second case, moreover, the intersection of the H/L and M/L data lines suggested a common origin, which corresponded to γ = 525 erg/cm2 at M w = 26,000 (the entanglement molecular weight, Moe?). Of the three models, however, the last (P ∝ log x n) was most informative. Like the earlier single component materials, the binary blends followed a sigmoidal relationship; however, the effective molecular weight necessary for plastic deformation (x) had decreased. For these blends this shift corresponded to an increase in the strain energy release rate (GI c = 2γ) for a given x n. These observations are consistent with Manson’s fatigue test results on acrylic blends and provide confirmation that the fracture morphology is dependent upon γ and not x n.
Some Neighborhood Operators

In this paper we review a variety of neighborhood operators in a way which emphasizes their common form. These operators are useful for image segmentation tasks as well as for the construction of primitives involved in structural image analysis. The common form of the operators suggests the possibility of a large scale integration hardware implementation in the VLSI device technology.