cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diversity of the cyanobacterial microflora of the northern part of James Ross Island, NW Weddell Sea, Antarctica

The diversity and ecological distribution of cyanobacteria in the northern, deglaciated part of James Ross Island were studied during the Antarctic summer season 2005–2006. Seventy-five cyanobacterial morphotypes were observed in various habitats of this area. The identified cyanobacterial taxa belong to the characteristic and dominant types of coastal Antarctica, and majority of them appeared connected to special habitats and formed distinct populations and ecologically delimited communities. The results are compared and discussed with respect to phenotypically characterised cyanobacterial microflora of maritime Antarctica and to recent molecular analyses of cyanobacterial strains from different Antarctic regions. The existence of a specificity and characteristic composition of Antarctic cyanobacterial communities was demonstrated.
Identification of structural interface characteristics using component mode synthesis

The inability to adequately model connections has limited the ability to predict overall system dynamic response. Connections between structural components are often mechanically complex and difficult to accurately model analytically. Improved analytical models for connections are needed to improve system dynamic predictions. This study explores combining Component Mode synthesis methods for coupling structural components with Parameter Identification procedures for improving the analytical modeling of the connections. Improvements in the connection properties are computed in terms of physical parameters so the physical characteristics of the connections can be better understood, in addition to providing improved input for the system model. Two sample problems, one utilizing simulated data, the other using experimental data from a rotor dynamic test rig, are presented.
Life at the Threshold

In 1949, the year that the architects Peter and Alison Smithson moved to London to begin their professional careers, an ideological controversy over the avant-garde role of architecture in the postwar period erupted within the Congres International d’Architecture Moderne (CIAM). Le Corbusier, who had founded the organization twenty-one years before, sparked the dispute with his address to the seventh congress in Bergamo, Italy. After declaring the pursuit of the industrialized housing prototypes and functionally zoned urbanism that were characteristic of the early phase of modernism obsolete, he proposed that successive meetings be dedicated to the drafting of a new charter. That charter, he stated without much in the way of explanation, would be known as the Charte de l’Habitat. At the time, habitat was a clearly defined, if broad, concept in the biological fields that governed the interconnectedness of the organisms that inhabited a region. In the interwar period, a similar urban discourse had grown up dedicated to “the territorial arrangements that social activities assume.”1 Until this point, however, CIAM had been focused on the development of a standard that would accommodate the most rudimentary necessities of habitation—or “dwelling,” as this goal was translated into English.2 Le Corbusier remained vague about the architectural application that he hoped this ecological concept would assume at CIAM, though he requested that all the national delegations participate in the discussion over “the place of l’Habitat in the human complex.”3 Peter and Alison Smithson both joined CIAM during the period of this highstakes controversy and were instrumental in shaping the ecological debate in terms
A method of local corrections for computing the velocity field due to a distribution of vortex blobs

Abstract A computationally efficient method for computing the velocity field due to a distribution of vortex blobs is presented. The method requires fewer calculations than the straightforward vortex method velocity procedure and does not sacrifice the higher-order accuracy which can be achieved using higher-order vortex core functions.
Managing pain: an individual responsibility

C M ASPAN HAS A STRONG commitment to patient safety and optimizing comfort measures, with a major focus on the understanding of pain management and its various treatment modalities. There are numerous publications specific to our specialty practice that address pain management at multiple levels: Core Curriculum, Competency-Based Orientation, perianesthesia textbooks, and the Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing. The ASPAN Pain Position Statement, published prior to the Pain and Comfort Guidelines, clearly articulated the obligation of perianesthesia nurses to seek appropriate pain management modalities for our patients. ASPAN also provides seminars and supports a Pain Management Specialty Practice Group for networking and interaction related to pain management. Information on all of these offerings is available at the ASPAN Web site (www.aspan.org).
Thermodynamics in finite time. II. Potentials for finite-time processes

Within the context of conventional time-independent thermodynamics, an algorithm is developed to construct potentials $\mathcal{P}$ that define the extremal values of work for processes with arbitrary constraints. An existence theorem is proved that demonstrates that such potentials $\mathcal{P}$ can be given for any quasistatic process. This theorem extends the capability of thermodynamics from reversible processes to one class of time-dependent processes. A corollary shows how such potentials can be constructed for systems whose time dependence is first order. A final theorem shows the equivalence of the extremal work derived by solution of an optimal control problem with the work derived as a change in the generalized potentials, $\ensuremath{\Delta}\mathcal{P}$. Examples are given to illustrate the constructions.
Pre- and Postnatal Calorie Restriction Perturbs Early Hypothalamic Neuropeptide and Energy Balance

Energy balance is regulated by circulating leptin concentrations and hypothalamic leptin receptor (ObRb) signaling via STAT3 but is inhibited by SOCS3 and PTP1B. Leptin signaling enhances anorexigenic neuropeptides and receptor (POMC, MC3-R, MC4-R) activation while suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides (NPY, AgRP). We investigated in a sex-specific manner the early (PN2) and late (PN21) postnatal hypothalamic mechanisms in response to intrauterine (IUGR), postnatal (PNGR), and combined (IPGR) calorie and growth restriction. At PN2, both male and female IUGR were hypoleptinemic, but hypothalamic leptin signaling in females was activated as seen by enhanced STAT3. In addition, increased SOCS3 and PTP1B supported early initiation of leptin resistance in females that led to elevated AgRP but diminished MC3-R and MC4-R. In contrast, males demonstrated leptin sensitivity seen as a reduction in PTP1B and MC3-R and MC4-R with no effect on neuropeptide expression. At PN21, with adequate postnatal caloric intake, a sex-specific dichotomy in leptin concentrations was seen in IUGR, with euleptinemia in males indicative of persisting leptin sensitivity and hyperleptinemia in females consistent with leptin resistance, both with normal hypothalamic ObRb signaling, neuropeptides, and energy balance. In contrast, superimposition of PNGR upon IUGR (IPGR) led to diminished leptin concentrations with enhanced PTP1B and an imbalance in arcuate nuclear NPY/AgRP and POMC expression that favored exponential hyperphagia and diminished energy expenditure postweaning. We conclude that IUGR results in sex-specific leptin resistance observed mainly in females, whereas PNGR and IPGR abolish this sex-specificity, setting the stage for acquiring obesity after weaning.
Lead selenide–silicon heterojunctions

PbSeSi heterojunctions were made by depositing PbSe onto lapped Si wafers in a high pH aqueous solution at room temperature. Current–voltage and relative spectral response measurements are reported. The results are similar to those reported previously for PbSSi heterodiodes. PbSe–Si-Heteroubergange wurden durch Aufbringen von PbSe auf gelappten Si-Plattchen in einer wasrigen Losung mit hohem pH-Wert bei Zimmertemperatur hergestellt. Messungen der Strom–Spannungscharakteristiken und relative Messungen der spektralen Empfindlichkeit werden mitgeteilt. Die Ergebnisse sind den fur PbSSi-Heterodioden berichteten ahnlich.
Derivation of molecular signatures for breast cancer recurrence prediction using a two-way validation approach

Previous studies have demonstrated the potential value of gene expression signatures in assessing the risk of post-surgical breast cancer recurrence, however, many of these predictive models have been derived using simple computational algorithms and validated internally or using one-way validation on a single dataset. We have recently developed a new feature selection algorithm that overcomes some limitations inherent to high-dimensional data analysis. In this study, we applied this algorithm to two publicly available gene expression datasets obtained from over 400 patients with breast cancer to investigate whether we could derive more accurate prognostic signatures and reveal common predictive factors across independent datasets. We compared the performance of three advanced computational algorithms using a robust two-way validation method, where one dataset was used for training and to establish a prediction model that was then blindly tested on the other dataset. The experiment was then repeated in the reverse direction. Analyses identified prognostic signatures that while comprised of only 10–13 genes, significantly outperformed previously reported signatures for breast cancer evaluation. The cross-validation approach revealed CEGP1 and PRAME as major candidates for breast cancer biomarker development.
Connectionism in Pavlovian Harness

My paper is about a single problem: whether New Connectionism can provide a deeper understanding of simple forms of learning than either Behaviorism or Discrepancy Theory.1 It is a problem which should interest anyone inclined to wonder, as I do, about the prospects of connectionism as a basis for the psychology of human and animal learning, that is, to wonder whether learning is in general a connectionist process. What are the key issues, principles, data that lie behind the study of simple learning? What does connectionism say about these topics? How does the connectionist approach compare with alternative approaches: How may we decide whether connectionism is preferable to alternative approaches? A chief advantage of focusing on simple learning is that the insights gained may be cumulative and apply when complex forms of learning are studied, although except for some speculative remarks at the end of the paper, I shall have nothing to say about complex learning in this paper.
Choline derivatives and sodium fluoride protect acetylcholinesterase against irreversible inhibition and aging by DFP and paraoxon.

A light addressable potentiometric sensor was used to measure acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in order to evaluate the protective effects of quaternary compounds and NaF against enzyme phosphorylation and aging by two organophosphates. The use of the immobilized AChE made possible the quick removal of reagents (i.e., organophosphate, 2-pralidoxime, and protectant), thereby permitting accurate determination of AChE activity before and after phosphorylation and aging. Paraoxon was 15-fold more potent in inhibiting AChE than DFP, while the percent aging following phosphorylation by diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) was much higher. Sodium fluoride (NaF), the most effective protectant against phosphorylation and aging, and the quaternary ammonium compounds reduced significantly AChE inhibition by DFP and paraoxon, to similar degrees. Even though the percent AChE activity that was lost to aging was reduced by these agents, aging as a percent of phosphorylated AChE was not reduced. Thus, their major effect was in reducing the percent AChE phosphorylation, which consequently resulted in reduction of total aged AChE. The finding that quaternary ammonium compounds protect against phosphorylation is consonant with the proposed presence of the active site of AChE in an aromatic gorge.
Taste, food exposure, and eating behavior.

Among omnivores, like rats or humans, most food preferences are learned. Experimental psychologists are discovering the factors that produce the preferences. This development is encouraging because data also show that different populations ofhuman subjects differ in their taste preferences, particularly for fat (1). Thus perhaps some of the methods we know for changing food preferences can, in the long run, be used to help individuals alter abnormally high or low body weights.
Sedimentology and Ecology of Holocene Carbonate Facies Mosaic, Cape Sable, Florida: ABSTRACT

The Holocene carbonate sediments of Cape Sable, Florida, form a facies mosaic in which facies are controlled by frequency and duration of flooding. The 4 following zones occur: 1. Flooding 0-5% of the time (supratidal)--massive to crudely bedded sandstone or siltstone, abundant birdseye, low species diversity, high abundance of single species with uniform-sized individuals. 2. Flooding 5-25% of the time (high intertidal)--low domal and flat laminated algal stromatolites, desiccation cracks and flat laminated pebbles, low species diversity, low abundance of individuals, microscopic invertebrates only. 3. Flooding 25-90% of the time (low intertidal)--massive End_Page 339------------------------------ burrow-mottled silts, moderate species diversity, moderate abundance of individuals, mainly microscopic, with a wide size range among individuals. 4. Flooding > 90% of the time (subtidal)--massive pelletal silts and clays, highly burrow-mottled, high species diversity, high abundance and wide size range of individuals within species, many macroscopic invertebrates. Areas of high intertidal and supratidal sediments where ponding of waters occurs for extended periods are characterized by single or multiple algal and sediment laminae much thicker than in areas where waters drain rapidly. Sedimentation in zone 1 forms thin beds, derived from sediment-laden waters driven over the area during storms. In Zone 2, sediments are deposited in thin laminae; sedimentation is controlled by the trapping of particles carried by tidal currents and binding them onto mats of blue-green algae. Sedimentation in zone 3 occurs mainly in the form of thin beds deposited during storms and subsequently reworked by organisms. In zone 4, deposition occurs by settling of (1) in situ sediments; (2) particles carried into the area by tidal currents; and (3) particles from sediment-laden storm waters. Measurement of production of calcareous sediment within the Cape Sable area, measurements of the net transport of sediment into the area by tidal currents, and measurement of the volume of sediment deposited in the area since its opening to the sea in the 1920s allow the following calculations to be made. Since 1920, 4% (0.01 cm/yr) of the total deposit has been derived from in situ production, 34% (0.28 cm/yr) by net transport into the area on tides, and 62% (0.50 cm/yr) by storms. End_of_Article - Last_Page 340------------
Regulatory Issues of Importance to Developing Anti-HIV Therapeutics

In the United States, before clinical trials with new drugs can proceed, an Investigational New Drug (IND) application must be submitted to the Food and Drug Administration. Applications for drugs intended for the treatment of HIV-related diseases are reviewed by the Division of Anti-Viral Drug Products (DAVDP) within the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. IND applications must contain adequate preclinical studies to support the safety of the proposed clinical trials. Essential for demonstrating safety are animal toxicology studies in which the drug has been administered in doses, by the route(s) of administration, and over a length of time equivalent to the corresponding parameters proposed for clinical trials. Reproductive toxicology/teratology studies should be conducted early in the development of the drug. Other nonclinical toxicology studies, such as carcinogenicity bioassays, are usually conducted concurrently with clinical trials. The DAVDP has developed a Pre-IND program to assist sponsors in preparing the best preclinical research to support the development of new drugs.
Quantification of Oxidative DNA Lesions in Tissues of Long-Evans Cinnamon Rats by Capillary High-Performance Liquid Chromatography−Tandem Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Stable Isotope-Dilution Method

The purpose of our study was to develop suitable methods to quantify oxidative DNA lesions in the setting of transition metal-related diseases. Transition metal-driven Fenton reactions constitute an important endogenous source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In genetic diseases with accumulation of transition metal ions, excessive ROS production causes pathophysiological changes, including DNA damage. Wilson’s disease is an autosomal recessive disorder with copper toxicosis due to deficiency of ATP7B protein needed for excreting copper into bile. The Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rat bears a deletion in Atp7b gene and serves as an excellent model for hepatic Wilson’s disease. We used a sensitive capillary liquid chromatography−electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry (LC−ESI-MS/MS/MS) method in conjunction with the stable isotope-dilution technique to quantify several types of oxidative DNA lesions in the liver and brain of LEC rats. These lesions included 5-formyl-2′-deoxyuridine, 5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxyurid...
Effect of histamine and acetylcholine on hypophysial stalk plasma dopamine and peripheral plasma prolactin levels

Abstract To further define the role of dopamine in the regulation of prolactin secretion, we studied the effect on prolactin and hypothalamic dopamine secretion of histamine and acetylcholine (ACh) injected into the lateral ventricle of urethane anesthetized diestrus-1 rats. Histamine (10 μg) caused a 592% increase in plasma prolactin levels and a 26% decrease in stalk plasma dopamine levels. ACh (50 μg) caused a 2090% increase in plasma prolactin levels but no significant change in stalk plasma dopamine concentration. To determine if the 26% fall in stalk plasma dopamine following histamine administration could account for the 6-fold increase in plasma prolactin, we measured the effect on prolactin secretion of a similar decrease in administered dopamine. During an infusion of physiologic levels of dopamine, a 25% decrease in arterial plasma dopamine concentration resulted in only a 2-fold increase in prolactin secretion. The results of these experiments suggest that the effect of histamine on prolactin secretion may be mediated in part by decreased hypothalamic secretion of dopamine but that an additional hypothalamic hormone is probably involved. The stimulatory effect of ACh on prolactin secretion is not mediated by dopamine. These data are consistent with the growing evidence for the participation of multiple hypothalamic factors in the regulation of prolactin secretion.
Shape selective adsorption in cylindrical pores

Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations are performed to examine shape selectivity. A binary mixture of differently shaped isomers similar to m- and p-xylene is equilibrated in smooth cylindrical pores. Shape selectivity for the symmetric adsorbate improves non-monotonically with decreasing pore size. A layering regime is observed at relatively large pore size that exhibits shape selectivity. The results suggest that packing plays a role in shape selectivity similar to that demonstrated previously for size selectivity. We find shape selectivity only for the symmetric component of the symmetric/asymmetric mixture.
The Tennessee study: factors affecting treatment outcome and healing time following nonsurgical root canal treatment

Aim To determine factors that may influence treatment outcome and healing time following root canal treatment. Methodology Root filled and restored teeth by pre-doctoral students were included in this study. Teeth/roots were followed-up regularly, and treatment outcome was evaluated at every follow-up appointment (healed, healing, uncertain or unsatisfactory). Host (age, immune condition, pulp/periapical diagnosis, tooth/root type, location and anatomy) and treatment factors (master apical file size, apical extension, voids and density of root filling) were recorded from patient dental records. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the impact of the factors on treatment outcomes and healing times. Results A total of 422 roots from 291 teeth met the inclusion criteria with a mean follow-up period of 2 years. The preoperative pulp condition, procedural errors during treatment, apical extension and density of root fillings significantly affected the treatment outcome. The average time required for a periapical lesion to heal was 11.78 months. The healing time increased in patients with compromised healing, patients older than 40 years, roots with Weine type II root canal systems, root canal systems prepared to a master apical file size <35, and roots with overextended fillings (P < 0.1). Conclusion Multiple host and treatment factors affected the healing time and outcome of root canal treatment. Follow-up protocols should consider these factors before concluding the treatment outcome: patient's age, immune condition, as well as roots with overextended fillings, root canal systems with smaller apical preparations (size <35) or roots with complex canal systems. Intervention may be recommended if the treatment quality was inadequate or if patients became symptomatic.
Specific Interactions between the Human RAD51 and RAD52 Proteins

Processing of DNA damage by the DNA double-strand break repair pathway in mammalian cells is accomplished by multiprotein complexes. However, the nature of these complexes and details of the molecular interactions are not fully understood. Interaction of the yeast RAD51 and RAD52 proteins plays a crucial role in yeast DNA homologous recombination and DNA double-strand break repair. Here, specific interactions between human RAD51 and RAD52 proteins are demonstrated both in vivo, using the yeast two-hybrid system and immunoprecipitation of insect cells co-infected with RAD51 and RAD52 recombinant viruses, and in vitro, using affinity chromatography with purified recombinant proteins. These results suggest that RAD52 may modulate the catalytic activities of RAD51 protein such as homologous pairing and strand exchange through a direct physical interaction. In addition, the domain in RAD52 that mediates this interaction was determined in vitro and in vivo. The RAD51-interacting region (amino acids 291-330) of the human RAD52 protein shows no homology with the yeast RAD52 protein, indicating that the interaction between RAD51 and RAD52 is species-specific.
Regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins in cancer biology

The regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) family is a diverse group of multifunctional proteins that regulate cellular signaling events downstream of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). In recent years, GPCRs have been linked to the initiation and progression of multiple cancers; thus, regulators of GPCR signaling are also likely to be important to the pathophysiology of cancer. This review highlights recent studies detailing changes in RGS transcript expression during oncogenesis, single nucleotide polymorphisms in RGS proteins linked to lung and bladder cancers, and specific roles for RGS proteins in multiple cancer types.
CD40 LIGAND-DEPENDENT SIGNALING OF BOVINE B LYMPHOCYTE DEVELOPMENT AND DIFFERENTIATION

Abstract The role of IFN-γ in B cell differentiation in cattle has not been completely elucidated. We have previously investigated the role of IFN- in the control of antibody production by bovine B cells using anti-bovine IgM antibody in the solid-phase as a source of costimulation. Using this mimic of a T1-2 antigen, we demonstrated that IFN-γ can enhance the production of IgG2 but not IgG1 from sIgM+cells. The positive effects of IFN-γ were enhanced by co-addition to cultures of rboIL-2. Under these activation conditions, the frequency of cells expressing mRNA for the IgG2 heavy chain also increased at least two-fold. In these studies, we investigated the role of IFN-γ in antibody expression under T-dependent (TD) activation conditions using mouse fibroblasts transfected with boCD40L as a surrogate T cell. Under TD conditions, IFN-γ had less dramatic effects on the production of IgG2 with IgM predominating in the cultures. Interestingly, the production of IgA was modestly enhanced with little effect on the production of IgG1 above baseline levels obtained with medium alone. In comparison to results with T1-2 conditions of activation, IL-2 did not increase total amounts of antibody above two-fold. Our results suggest that TH1 cells in cattle may be limited in their ability to provide B cell help to levels obtainable in a TH2 cytokine microenvironment due to the effects of IFN-γ on bovine B cells co-activated via CD40.
A Cable-Driven Human Assistive System and Its Impedance Compensation by Sensor Fusion

A cable-driven actuating system is proposed in this paper. The proposed system is attractive for human assistive devices because the weight of the actuator is not imposed on the human body. Since the end-effector and the actuators are connected by cables in flexible tubes, the humans are allowed to freely move in a certain range while being assisted. However, it is a challenge to account for the variable friction in the flexible tube and the inertia and friction of the actuator in the design of control algorithms. In this paper, a hierarchical control strategy is adopted to control the proposed cable-driven assistive system. To determine the reference trajectory of the motor in real-time, a sensor fusion method based on a kinematic Kalman filter with MEMS accelerometers is applied. By the proposed control methods, the proposed cable-driven system realizes a precise force-mode actuation.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Sulphur isotopic compositions of deep-sea hydrothermal vent animals

The S-34/S-32 ratios of tissues from vestimentiferan worms, brachyuran crabs, and giant clams living around deep hydrothermal vents are reported. Clean tissues were dried, ground, suspended in 0.1 M LiCl, shaken twice at 37 C to remove seawater sulfates, dried at 60 C, combusted in O2 in a Parr bomb. Sulfur was recovered as BaSO4, and the isotopic abundances in SO2 generated by thermal decomposition of 5-30-mg samples were determined using an isotope-ratio mass spectrometer. The results are expressed as delta S-34 and compared with values measured in seawater sulfates and in normal marine fauna. The values ranged from -4.7 to 4.7 per thousand, comparable to vent sulfide minerals (1.3-4.1 per thousand) and distinct from seawater sulfates (20.1 per thousand) and normal marine fauna (about 13-20 per thousand). These results indicate that vent sulfur rather than seawater sulfur is utilized by these animals, a process probably mediated by chemoautotrophic bacteria which can use inorganic sulfur compounds as energy sources.
Risk-benefit evaluation of on-line high-performance liquid chromatography analysis for pooling decisions in large-scale chromatography

In the production of a human therapeutic protein from inclusion bodies, product related impurities of very similar size and charge to the product are created as byproducts of the refold process. Their removal is usually challenging even when using chromatography with high performance resins and elution by shallow linear gradients. Additionally, performing this type of separation for commercial production adds increased complexity. To maximize productivity, columns are loaded so high that product elution profiles are not well separated from the impurities and pooling decisions are challenging. In this paper, conventional UV pooling based on fractionation or predefined absorbance based criteria will be compared to pooling based on fast on-line HPLC analytic. The development and implementation in a GMP process will be shown for a specific challenging separation by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The different approaches have their unique complexities, timelines, uncertainties, and risks during development and implementation as well as during manufacturing. This study presents a probabilistic framework for quantitative comparison of two processes with unequal variability and uncertainty to evaluate the potential benefits of a PAT technology for its routine use in GMP Bioprocess manufacturing.
Parallel recursive algorithms for inverse discrete Legendre transform and inverse discrete Laguerre transform

This paper presents parallel recursive algorithms for the computation of the inverse discrete Legendre transform (IDPT) and the inverse discrete Laguerre transform (IDLT). These recursive algorithms are derived using Clenshaw's recurrence formula, and they are implemented with a set of parallel digital filters with time-varying coefficients.
Activation of MAP kinases, pp90rsk and pp70-S6 kinases in mouse mast cells by signaling through the c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase or FcεRI : rapamycin inhibits activation of pp70-S6 kinase and proliferation in mouse mast cells

The high-affinity receptor for IgE, Fc epsilon RI, represents the major cell surface structure through which mast cells express immunologically specific secretory function. By contrast, the stem cell factor receptor (SCFR), which is encoded by c-kit, is essential for normal mast cell development. The signaling pathways initiated by the stimulation of mast cells through the Fc epsilon RI, which lacks intrinsic kinase activity, and the SCFR, a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family, generally have been regarded to be distinct. We report here that mouse mast cells stimulated either with SCF or with IgE and specific antigen exhibit a remarkably similar pattern of activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), 90 kDa-S6 kinases (pp90rsk), and pp70-S6 kinases (pp70-S6K). These results indicate that all three families of protein kinases are associated with the cell surface receptor-dependent activation of secretion, as well as proliferation, in mast cells. We also show that the immunosuppressant rapamycin, but not FK506, can inhibit both SCF-dependent pp70-S6 kinase activation and SCF-dependent proliferation in mouse mast cells, without suppressing IgE- and antigen-dependent mediator release. These findings suggest that the activation of pp70-S6 kinase represents an important link in the stimulation of cell proliferation by SCF. Our results also indicate that the intracellular signaling pathways initiated by stimulation of mast cells through the Fc epsilon RI or the SCFR exhibit more overlap than has previously been appreciated.
Model-Based Comparison of the Normal and Fontan Circulatory Systems-Part II: Major Differences in Performance Characteristics.

Background:In the absence of an accessible chronic animal model of the Fontan circulation, computational modeling can provide insights into this unique circulatory arrangement, especially how diffe...
LILIANE KARNOUK, Contemporary Egyptian Art (Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1995). Pp. 137.

Studies of contemporary visual art in the Middle East are scarce compared with the vast literature on historical Islamic arts. In the past ten years, however, several notable books and articles have featured this important but under-recognized realm of visual culture in the region. These recent works often examine the ways in which art reflects social trends such as nationalism and struggles for religious identity. Karnouk's book is a worthy introduction to the world of contemporary art in Egypt, and is the first major English-language book of its kind on the subject (see also Wijdan Ali, Modern Islamic Art: Development and Continuity [Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1997]). Contemporary Egyptian Art is a sequel to Karnouk's earlier Modern Egyptian Art: The Emergence of a National Style (Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1988), in which she outlined the prominent artists and styles of the first half-century of the modern art movement within the context of Egyptian nationalism. This recent book picks up from the 1952 revolution and presents the major trends in art since that time while offering possible socio-political explanations for these trends.
Discrimination of What, When, and Where: Implications for Episodic-Like Memory in Rats.

Abstract We investigated the discrimination of what, when, and where in rats (n = 5) using an eight-arm radial maze. Rats received daily training consisting of forced-choice visits to four baited arms, one of which was randomly chosen each day to contain chocolate (Phase 1). In Phase 2, all eight arms were available. After a short (30 min) retention interval (RI), the four arms that were not available in Phase 1 provided food. After a long (4 h) RI, the four remaining arms plus the arm containing chocolate provided food (i.e., the chocolate arm replenished). The rats visited the chocolate location after the long RI more than after the short RI. Next, chocolate was paired with lithium chloride, and subsequent testing used the long RI. The rats visited the chocolate location less after the taste-aversion manipulation than in previous training, demonstrating knowledge of what, when, and where. Implications for episodic-like memory are discussed.
Evaluation of Coverboards for Sampling Terrestrial Salamanders in South Georgia

Abstract We conducted a field study to evaluate whether coverboards are as effective for sampling terrestrial salamanders as searching natural cover objects such as fallen logs and branches. At each of five sites in Jenkins County, Georgia, we paired a grid of 100 wooden coverboards (30.4 × 30.4 × 2 cm) placed 10 m apart with an adjacent grid containing only natural debris. Searches under coverboards detected most of the same species (Plethodon ocmulgee, Eurycea cirrigera, Eurycea quadridigitata, and Eurycea guttolineata) as found under natural cover (same four species plus Ambystoma opacum). However, salamanders were encountered at lower average rates under coverboards (0.8 salamanders per grid search) than under natural cover (2.3 salamanders per grid search), and this pattern was consistent across seasons. The number of salamanders encountered was more variable within coverboard grids than within grids of natural cover; mean encounter rates were equally variable among grids for the two techniques. For ...
A loop-free path-finding algorithm: specification, verification and complexity

The loop-free path-finding algorithm (LPA) is presented. LPA specifies the second-to-last hop and distance to each destination to ensure termination; in addition, it uses an inter-neighbor synchronization mechanism to eliminate temporary loops. A detailed proof of LPA's correctness is presented and its complexity is evaluated. LPA's average performance is compared by simulation with the performance of algorithms representative of the state of the art in distributed routing, namely an ideal link-state (ILS) algorithm and a loop free algorithm that is based on internodal coordination spanning multiple hops (DUAL). The simulation results show that LPA is a more scalable alternative than DUAL and ILS in terms of the average number of steps, messages, and operations needed for each algorithm to converge after a topology change. LPA is shown to achieve loop freedom at every instant without much additional overhead over that incurred by prior algorithms based on second-to-last hop and distance information.
Why Intelligent People Live Longer

Numerous studies find a positive relationship between cognitive ability, IQ as measured in childhood or youth, and subsequent survival. Explanations range from the idea that low ability is an indicator of adverse systemic events in early life to the idea that high cognitive functioning is required continuously to maintain health and reduce threats to survival. The Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) has followed a large cohort of Wisconsin high school seniors from ages 18 to 69. As expected, in the WLS survival varies positively with adolescent IQ. However, rank in high school class accounts completely for the relationship between IQ and survival, and it has a much larger effect on survival. These findings suggest that cognitive functioning improves survival by promoting behaviours that boost health status, minimize exposure to known risks and optimize returns to health producing inputs, and that such behaviours are firmly in place by late adolescence.
Personality and emotional memory: How regulating emotion impairs memory for emotional events

Abstract In everyday life, individuals actively regulate their emotions in a variety of ways. One common form of emotion regulation is expressive suppression, which entails inhibiting outward signs of emotion. Although expressive suppression is often undertaken with an eye to looking calm despite feeling emotional, an analysis of its self-regulatory demands suggests that this form of emotion regulation may come at a cognitive price. We tested this hypothesis in two studies. In Study 1, we measured spontaneously occurring expressive suppression during a film that depicted a surgical procedure, and then assessed memory for the film. Greater use of suppression predicted worse memory. In Study 2, we examined expressive suppression during a film that depicted a conflictual conversation, and we measured memory for what was said during the conversation. To gauge the magnitude of any cognitive costs, we compared expressive suppression with self-distraction, which entails intentionally trying not to think about something. Both spontaneously occurring and experimentally induced suppression were associated with worse memory. Strikingly, these effects were comparable to the effects of spontaneously occurring and experimentally induced distraction. These studies suggest that “simply” keeping a stiff upper lip during an emotional event exacts a cognitive toll that is as great as intentional cognitive avoidance. We argue that efforts to understand links between emotion and memory must consider emotion regulation.
Structural and stability characteristics of jets in crossflow

This experimental study examines the relationship between transverse jet structural characteristics and the shear layer instabilities forming on the upstream side of the jet column. Jets composed of mixtures of helium and nitrogen were introduced perpendicularly into a low-speed wind tunnel using several alternative injectors: convergent circular nozzles mounted either flush with or elevated above the tunnel floor, and a flush-mounted circular pipe. Both non-intrusive optical diagnostics (planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and particle image velocimetry (PIV)) and intrusive probe-based (hot-wire anemometry) measurements were used to explore a range of jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratios and density ratios for which previous studies have identified upstream shear layer transition from convective to absolute instability. Remarkable correspondences were identified between formation of the well-known counter-rotating vortex pair (CVP) associated with the jet cross-section and conditions producing strong upstream shear layer vorticity rollup, arising typically from absolute instability in the shear layer. In contrast, asymmetries in the jet mean cross-sectional shape and/or lack of a clear CVP were observed to correspond to weaker, convectively unstable jet shear layers.
Reliable telemetry in white spaces using remote attestation

We consider reliable telemetry in white spaces in the form of protecting the integrity of distributed spectrum measurements against coordinated misreporting attacks. Our focus is on the case where a subset of the sensors can be remotely attested. We propose a practical framework for using statistical sequential estimation coupled with machine learning classifiers to deter attacks and achieve quantifiably precise outcome. We provide an application-oriented case study in the context of spectrum measurements in the white spaces. The study includes a cost analysis for remote attestation, as well as an evaluation using real transmitter and terrain data from the FCC and NASA for Southwest Pennsylvania. The results show that with as low as 15% penetration of attestation-capable nodes, more than 94% of the attempts from omniscient attackers can be thwarted.
Early Childhood Interventionists' Perceptions of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act: Provider Characteristics and Organizational Climate.

Research Findings: A 2003 amendment to the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) required states to develop plans to ensure that children younger than the age of 3 years who are victims of substantiated abuse or neglect have access to developmental screenings. Programs authorized under Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act are the designated providers of developmental screening and intervention services. This study explored the relationship of provider characteristics and organizational climate to the attitudes of early childhood interventionists about CAPTA. Findings indicate that publicly employed early childhood interventionists are generally willing to serve children referred from child welfare under CAPTA. Older workers are perhaps a little more skeptical about Part C's responsibilities under CAPTA. Regression analysis found that a positive organizational climate is associated with more positive perceptions of these responsibilities. Practice or Policy: When interventio...
Efficient Private Record Linkage

Record linkage is the computation of the associations among records of multiple databases. It arises in contexts like the integration of such databases, online interactions and negotiations, and many others. The autonomous entities who wish to carry out the record matching computation are often reluctant to fully share their data. In such a framework where the entities are unwilling to share data with each other, the problem of carrying out the linkage computation without full data exchange has been called private record linkage. Previous private record linkage techniques have made use of a third party. We provide efficient techniques for private record linkage that improve on previous work in that (i) they make no use of a third party; (ii) they achieve much better performance than that of previous schemes in terms of execution time and quality of output (i.e., practically without false negatives and minimal false positives). Our software implementation provides experimental validation of our approach and the above claims.
C-Slate: A Multi-Touch and Object Recognition System for Remote Collaboration using Horizontal Surfaces

We introduce C-Slate, a new vision-based system, which utilizes stereo cameras above a commercially available tablet technology to support remote collaboration. The horizontally mounted tablet provides the user with high resolution stylus input, which is augmented by multi-touch interaction and recognition of untagged everyday physical objects using new stereo vision and machine learning techniques. This provides a novel and interesting interactive tabletop arrangement, capable of supporting a variety of fluid multi-touch interactions, including symmetric and asymmetric bimanual input, coupled with the potential for incorporating tangible objects into the user interface. When used in a remote context, these features are combined with the ability to see visual representations of remote users' hands and remote physical objects placed on top of the surface. This combination of bimanual and tangible interaction and sharing of remote gestures and physical objects provides a new way to collaborate remotely, complementing existing channels such as audio and video conferencing.
Assuring retrievability from unstructured databases by contexts

In an unstructured database the data is a collection of facts that does not adhere to any schema. Such a database does not require any initial design and can therefore evolve freely to accommodate new applications. It is particularly suitable for information which is diverse and idiosyncratic, such as when we want to store everything known on a particular topic. Unfortunately, this freedom also means that similar information may be entered in different forms. This may cause severe problems when retrieval is attempted, as some of the data may appear to have been "lost" in the database. In this paper we propose a method to solve this problem. Each database fact must be supported by a context in the database, in the form of several other facts. When an attempt is made to add a fact to the database, the existence of a suitable context is verified, or is extracted from the user in a simple dialogue. Thus, the database still retains the flexibility of unstructured databases, but problems of multiple representations are usually prevented.
Continuous RFID-Enabled Authentication: Privacy Implications

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has been used in many application areas, including tracking shipments, inventory control, tracking livestock, locating missing pets, and studying wildlife. Recent years saw a rise in applications where RFID is used to track and monitor people with a broad objective of improving safety and productivity. RFID is now used to track military and law enforce ment personnel, locate lost children in amusement parks, and improve critical response time and efficien cy in hospitals by tracking medical personnel. RFID tags for tracking people can be either worn or implanted, but both methods pose significant ethical challenges to privacy. Applications involving subdermally implanted RFID tags and their ethical and privacy implications have been surveyed. The main focus of this article is on RFID systems that use wearable tags that can be embedded in badges or clothing for employee tracking at the workplace.
UN ALEGATO EN CONTRA DE LAS INTERPRETACIONES DETERMINISTAS DE LA ÉTICA ARISTOTÉLICA

This article tries to show the reasons why Aristotle's ethics cannot be considered deterministic. Hence, it critiques the arguments of three scholars: Alfredo Gomez-Muller, Theodor Gomperz and D.J. Furley, with the aim of showing that Aristotelian ethics are not grounded in matters of necessity but rather in matters of agreement, and that the human character is not fully determined by nature and that once it has been formed Aristotle does conceive of the possibility of further change, although such a change requires more than intentions. Thus, this analysis tries to show, beyond the particular counterarguments to the scholars, that Aristotelian ethics explain the human world in its complexity and richness and therefore cannot be considered as deterministic.
Nutraceutics, Frailty and Polypharmacy in the Oldest Old

Malnutrition and nutritional problems are common in older adults. Multiple chronic disease, inflammation, cognitive and functional impairment, geriatric syndromes (including delirium, falls or chronic pain) and drug use (i.e. polypharmacy, adverse drug reactions) may play a role in the onset of malnutrition and nutritional problems.
Activation and Decommissioning Considerations for the Fusion Ignition Experiment IGNITEX

The activation characteristics of several materials were evaluated for short term as well as long term impacts on the operation of the IGNITEX device. Candidate design materials for the vacuum wall...
Ensemble Adaptive Data Assimilation Techniques Applied to Land-Falling North American Cyclones

Adaptive data assimilation is becoming an increasingly important aspect of numerical weather prediction. Traditional data assimilation involves combining a set of routine observations with a first-guess field provided by a numerical weather prediction model to produce an analysis of the atmospheric state. These analyses subsequently serve as the initial conditions for extended forecasts.