cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some specific mathematical constraints on 2D turbulence

Abstract We derive upper and lower bounds for ensemble averages of energy, enstrophy, and palinstrophy for the 2D periodic Navier–Stokes equations. This is carried out both in the general case, and in the case where the energy power law for fully developed turbulence holds. In the turbulent case, the bounds are sharp, up to a logarithm, and provide a new lower bound on the Landau–Lifschitz degrees of freedom. We also prove two properties of the inertial term under the turbulence assumption. One is that as the Grashof number is increased, the ensemble average of this term approaches the force. The other is that an estimate of it via the Ladyzhenskaya inequality is sharp on a considerable portion of the global attractor.
THE ILEOSTOMIZED PATIENT.

The care of the ileostomized patient is discussed from consulting room and bedside through preoperative, operative and postoperative periods.
Interfaced SEM and micro-Raman Spectroscopy for SERS Analysis of Dyes on Single Fibers

The identification of dyestuff in ancient textiles often provides a major analytical challenge. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode-array detection (DAD) and/or mass spectrometry (MS) is the most used technique for the identification of dye molecules. However, this technique has severe limitations in the study of ancient dyed fibers due to the large amount of sample required [1]. Moreover, chemical extraction processes necessary for HPLC analysis can be detrimental to these severely size-limited and irreplaceable archaeological materials.
Conduction plane and structure of Li-stabilized Na+ β″-alumina: A powder neutron diffraction study

The structure of Li-stabilized Na+ β″-alumina has been refined by Rietveld analysis of high resolution time-of-flight powder diffraction data. The sample was a sintered tube of the type used for battery separators. The Li was found to reside in the Al(2) site in the spinel block. Fourier mapping and Rietveld analysis revealed that Na is located in both 6c and 18h sites (hexagonal setting of space group R3m) separated 1.03(3) A in the conduction slab.
Rey Osterrieth complex figure test spatial and figural scoring: Relations to seizure focus and hippocampal pathology in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy

The purpose of the study was to compare figural and spatial memory in patients with left (LTLE, n = 56) and right (RTLE, n = 48) temporal lobe epilepsy using J.I. Breier and colleagues’ (J Int Neuropsychol Soc 1996;2:535–40) figural/spatial scoring method for the Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT). The study also examined the association between figural and spatial components of the RCFT, temporal lobe laterality, and hippocampal structure (MRI hippocampal volumes and neuropathology ratings). Neither immediate or delayed trial figural and spatial memory scores were associated with seizure laterality or hippocampal pathology ratings. Immediate and delayed recall scores were not associated with right hippocampal volume. However, modestly positive correlations were found between left hippocampal volume and RCFT delayed recall scores. Similar to recent work (A.C. Kneebone et al., J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2007;13:664–71), stronger associations were related to left temporal lobe function. This study provides further evidence for the lack of sensitivity of the RCFT as a surrogate measure of right temporal lobe memory function.
Dynamo-based scheme for forecasting the magnitude of solar activity cycles

This paper presents a general framework for forecasting the smoothed maximum level of solar activity in a given cycle, based on a simple understanding of the solar dynamo. This type of forecasting requires knowledge of the sun's polar magnetic field strength at the preceding activity minimum. Because direct measurements of this quantity are difficult to obtain, the quality of a number of proxy indicators already used by other authors is evaluated, which are physically related to the sun's polar field. These indicators are subjected to a rigorous statistical analysis, and the analysis technique for each indicator is specified in detail in order to simplify and systematize reanalysis for future use. It is found that several of these proxies are in fact poorly correlated or uncorrelated with solar activity, and thus are of little value for predicting activity maxima. Also presented is a scheme in which the predictions of the individual proxies are combined via an appropriately weighted mean to produce a compound prediction. The scheme is then applied to the current cycle 22, and a maximum smoothed international sunspot number of 171 + or - 26 is estimated.
Metal nanoparticle-directed NiCo2O4 nanostructure growth on carbon nanofibers with high capacitance.

Metal nanoparticles (Ni, Co) decorated on an electrospun carbon nanofiber surface directed the growth of NiCo2O4 into nanorod and nanosheet morphologies. These metal nanoparticles served as a transition layer to strengthen the interface and promote charge transfer between carbon and NiCo2O4 to achieve a high capacitance of 781 F g−1.
Commercial service charge accounting and audit: a review

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to critique the accounting and auditing requirements of the 2011 RICS Code of Practice, Service Charges in Commercial Property and examines whether the new 2014 version of the RICS Code and its associated accounting guidance note provide a “best practice” framework for service charge accounting and audit. This theoretical discussion is then applied to empirical data obtained from a sample of UK commercial office properties to assess whether current practices used by managing parties for the preparation and review of service charge reconciliation certificates actually embody the principles of best practice. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses inductive reasoning to theorise about how the accounting and auditing of commercial service charges might be improved. The paper also uses a deductive approach to identify whether current commercial service charges accounting and audit practices achieve a theoretical level of best practice. The paper reviews a range of s...
Transmural Heterogeneity of Calcium Handling in Canine

Spatial heterogeneity of the action potential and its influence on arrhythmia vulnerability is known. However, heterogeneity of intracellular calcium handling and, in particular, its effect on the electrophysiological substrate is less clear. Using optical mapping techniques, calcium transients and action potentials were recorded simultaneously from ventricular sites across the transmural wall of the arterially perfused canine left ventricular wedge preparation during steady-state baseline pacing and rapid pacing. During baseline pacing, the decay of intracellular calcium to diastolic levels and calcium transient duration were slower (70%, P <0.005) and longer (20%, P <0.005), respectively, closer to the endocardial surface compared with the epicardial surface. Tissue samples isolated from the left ventricular wall demonstrate that sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2a) expression was significantly less in the subendocardial and midmyocardial layers compared with the subepicardial layer. In contrast, no significant difference in the transmural expression of Na+-Ca2+ exchanger was observed. During rapid pacing, calcium transient alternans and increased levels of diastolic intracellular calcium were significantly greater ( P <0.01) closer to the endocardium (101%±62% and 41%±15%, respectively) compared with the epicardium (12%±7% and 12%±14%, respectively). In conclusion, cells closer to the endocardium exhibit a slower decay of intracellular calcium compared with cells near the epicardium, which may be due in part to reduced expression of SERCA2a. As a possible consequence, calcium transient alternans and increased diastolic levels of intracellular calcium may occur preferentially closer to the endocardial surface.
Body composition: Models and estimation equations

Several approaches have been developed to a quantitative description of the “inner man.” The present attempt at a synthesis of the basic methodological aspects begins with the anatomist's handiwork and goes on to somatometric models and to procedures based on determinations of body density and body water. The estimation equations used in the densitometric and the hydrometric analysis of body composition are derived afresh from information on an empirically defined “reference body.” The Minnesota model is based on considerations of the composition of the reference body and of the “obesity tissue,” initially defined as body mass gained during a prolonged intake of excess calories. Subsequently, information has been obtained on the composition of weight losses and of the mass differentiating “lean” and “fat” young men of the same height. Due consideration is given to the approaches based on the measurement of whole-body radioactivity generated by the naturally occurring isotope of potassium (K40), and to the multicomponental system developed by F. D. Moore and his co-workers in the context of surgical treatment and research. While the very nature of the field is interdisciplinary, the presentation endeavors to be intelligible to students, teachers, and investigators approaching the problem from the point of view of any scientific specialty.
A heuristic information retrieval model on a massively parallel processor

We adapt a competition-based connectionist model to information retrieval. This model, which has been proposed for diagnostic problem solving, treats documents as "disorders" and user information needs as "manifestations", and it uses a competitive activation mechanism which converges to a set of disorders that best explain the given manifestations. Our experimental results using four standard document collections demonstrate the efficiency and the retrieval precision of this model, comparable to or better than that of various information retrieval models reported in the literature. We also propose a parallel implementation of the model on a SIMD machine, MasPar's MP-I. Our experimental results demonstrate the potential to achieve significant speedups. >
Coffee and Health: A Review of Recent Human Research

Coffee is a complex mixture of chemicals that provides significant amounts of chlorogenic acid and caffeine. Unfiltered coffee is a significant source of cafestol and kahweol, which are diterpenes that have been implicated in the cholesterolraising effects of coffee. The results of epidemiological research suggest that coffee consumption may help prevent several chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, Parkinson’s disease and liver disease (cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma). Most prospective cohort studies have not found coffee consumption to be associated with significantly increased cardiovascular disease risk. However, coffee consumption is associated with increases in several cardiovascular disease risk factors, including blood pressure and plasma homocysteine. At present, there is little evidence that coffee consumption increases the risk of cancer. For adults consuming moderate amounts of coffee (3‐4 cups/d providing 300‐400 mg/d of caffeine), there is little evidence of health risks and some evidence of health benefits. However, some groups, including people with hypertension, children, adolescents, and the elderly, may be more vulnerable to the adverse effects of caffeine. In addition, currently available evidence suggests that it may be prudent for pregnant women to limit coffee consumption to 3 cups/d providing no more than 300 mg/d of caffeine to exclude any increased probability of spontaneous abortion or impaired fetal growth.
An investigation of chaos in reaction‐diffusion equations

The purpose of this article is to investigate graphically and numerically the topic of chaos in reaction-diffusion equations. This article is based on the article by Mitchell and Bruch [1]. One- and two-dimensional forms of the reaction-diffusion equation are discretized using the explicit Euler finite difference scheme. Plots are presented to show the effect of bifurcation parameters on the difference equations. Varying these parameters produce single point, periodic, chaotic, intermittent, and divergent solutions.
Allocation, within and between organs, and the dynamics of root length changes in two birch species

Spatial and temporal dynamics of biomass allocation within and between organs were investigated in seedlings of two birch species of contrasting successional status. Seedlings of Betula alleghaniensis Britt (yellow birch) and B. populifolia Marsh (gray birch) were grown for 6 weeks at two nutrient levels in rectangular plexiglass containers to allow non-destructive estimates of root growth, production and loss. Leaf area and production were simultaneously monitored. Yellow birch responded more to nutrient level than gray birch in terms of total biomass, shoot biomass, leaf area and root length. Yellow birch also flexibly altered within-organ allocation (specific leaf area, specific root length and specific soil amount). In contrast, gray birch altered between-organ allocation patterns (root length:leaf area and soil amount:leaf area ratios) more than yellow birch in response to nutrient level. Yellow birch showed greater overall root density changes within a very compact root system, while gray birch showed localized root density changes as concentric bands of new root production spread through the soil. Species differ critically in their responses of standing root length and root production and loss rates to nutrient supply. Early successional species such as gray birch are hypothesized to exhibit higher plasticity in varied environments than later successional species such as yellow birch. Our results suggest that different patterns of allocation, within and between plant organs, do not necessarily follow the same trajectories. To characterize thoroughly the nature of functional flexibility through ontogeny, within- and between-organ patterns of allocation must be accounted for.
Differences in soil chemical properties with distance to roads and age of development in urban areas

The main objective of this study was to characterize variation in soil chemical properties with length of urbanization period and distance to roads. Urban boundaries from 1920’s (old), 1960’s (middle) and 2000’s (new) were identified for three cities in northeast Ohio: Massillon, Wooster and Canton. Within each identified historic boundary, soil samples were collected from two road-side and two interior lawns in one public school site in each city. Thus, there were three urban age and two distance-to-roads classes. Soil particle composition and basic chemical properties including pH, available phosphorus (P), exchangeable potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), cation exchange capacity (CEC), nitrate, total carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), and soil organic matter (SOM) were measured. Two notable spatio-temporal patterns appeared repeatedly in the data set. First, total C, total N and SOM were higher in the soils of old (>50 years) urban sites than of newly developed sites. Similar, but not always significant, trends in soil pH, and exchangeable Ca were also observed. Second, road-side soils had higher pH, Ca, total C and N than interior sites regardless of urban age. These data indicate that key soil chemical properties can vary in predictable ways with urban age and distance-to-roads classes. Such variations in key soil chemical properties may influence or reflect soil biota and biogeochemical processes in urban soils.
Peacebuilding in the Philippines: The Challenge of Mindanao

This article examines the processes of peacebuilding in the southernmost part of the Philippines, on the island of Mindanao and smaller, surrounding islands. It begins with the history of the conflict there between Muslim inhabitants and three waves of colonization and settlement by Christians: the Spanish, the Americans, and then Filipinos from other islands. Then efforts at building peace, by Christians and interfaith groups of Christians and Muslims, follow. The author then presents his own experience of working there over the past eight years. It concludes with some reflections about the learnings about peacebuilding that have been emerging over the most recent period.
Mandibular “swing” approach for oral and oropharyngeal tumors

This study reviews the history, indications, and operative technique for median mandibulotomy with paralingual extension (mandibular "swing"). A 21-year experience is presented, during which this operative approach was used in 49 patients with tongue cancer and 16 others with oropharyngeal lesions. Mandibular "swing" appears to offer more versatility and fewer problems than either median labiomandibular glossotomy or lateral mandibulotomy. Good local control can be anticipated in properly selected patients because the tumor exposure is comparable to that achieved in operations involving jaw resection.
Improving Direction-Giving Through Utilization of an RFID-Enabled Kiosk

This paper presents an RFID-enabled module for an electronic kiosk physical user interface which provides personalized information retrieval. The system builds on research in direction-giving by streamlining the process of the direction-giving phase and minimizing the introduction and closure phases, thereby providing the user with a quicker transaction for personalized information. The RFID technology also provides potential for greater security and privacy for the user of the kiosk system as compared to traditional magnetic strip methods. The developed RFID-enabled system is built on top of a current production informational kiosk utilized for a building directory, which was used for initial testing and evaluation.
A Study of the Cotton Flea Hopper with Special Reference to the Spring Emergence, Dispersal, and Population

The population of the cotton flea hopper, Psallus seriatus (Reut.), is increased by rainfall which produces a rapid growth of the host plants. Early fall rains which promote the growth of fall weeds are influential in determining the number of insects that emerge the following spring. Time of spring emergence and dispersal are factors that influence the population in cotton.
Varnish and wire enamel compatibility study

The industry trend to make motors and transformers smaller, more efficient and less costly has continued to place an increased load on the function of the insulation system. In order to keep pace with the needs of the ever more demanding electrical industry, the chemical industry has been developing insulating materials based on new complex chemistry that will withsand the higher temperatures and stresses imposed upon them during the manufacture and operation of the smaller electrical equipment. It has become increasingly evident that the interrelationships or compatibilities of the various insulation components play an important role in determining the ultimate temperature capability of the insulation system. As a result, the General Electric Company has had under way a wire enamel/varnish compatibility study with the newer insulated magnet wires since mid-1968.
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Hand,Foot,and Mouth Disease in Pingxiang:An Analysis of 595 Cases

Objective To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hand, foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)in children in Pingxiang.Methods Data of 595children hospitalized for common or severe HFMD in Pingxiang People's Hospital between 2011and 2012were analyzed retrospectively.RT-PCR was used to detect human enterovirus.In addition,the age,season,distribution area,auxiliary examination,disease outcome and related factors were analyzed. Results Among the 595children,469(75.25%)had common HFMD and 126(24.75%)had severe HFMD.Moreover,575(99.64%)of 595children were under 5years old.The ratio of male to female was 1.69.The total positive rate and mixed infection rate of enterovirus were 74.32%and 0.39%,respectively.EV71and CoxA16were the two predominant pathogens causing HFMD,and pathogen types were significantly different between 2011and 2012(P0.05).The highest morbidity was found in the period from June to August.However,the tendency for peak morbidity was found in September and October.The auxiliary examination showed an increase in white blood cell(WBC)count,C-reactive protein(CRP),creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB)and blood glucose(BG).There were no significant differences in WBC and CRP levels between children with common HFMD and children with severe HFMD(P0.05).However,differences in CK-MB and BG levels were significant between children with common HFMD and children with severe HFMD(P0.05).Univariate analysis showed that children with severe HFMD had longer duration of fever and higher levels of CK-MB,CRP and BG than children with common HFMD(P0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed fever duration,serum CK-MB and BG were the independent risk factors for severe HFMD(P0.05).Conclusion The HFMD occurs during the four seasons mostly in children under 5years old.There is a peak in morbidity in the period from June to October.EV71and CoxA16are the two predominant pathogens causing HFMD,and pathogen types are significantly different among years.Fever duration,serum CK-MB and BG were the independent risk factors for severe HFMD.Early diagnosis and treatment can result in good prognosis in children with common HFMD.However,severe HFMD is associated with a certain risk of death.
The effects of chromium glutamate on pancreas islet and B cell in diabetic mice induced by alloxan

OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of chromium glutamate(CG) on pancreas islet and B cell in diabetic mice.METHODSThe diabetic model of mice was induced by alloxan,and the mice were divided into 4 groups,normal control group,model control group,experimental groupⅠand Ⅱby intragastric administration with CG 250g/kg and 125g/kg,respectively.The pancreas islet and B cell were observed by immunohistochemical method after 3 weeks of experiment.RESULTSThe void part in islets in groupⅠwas obviously decreased in size,and B cell and its granules were increased and the margin was fairly distinct.CONCLUSIONThe CG can obviously improve the injury of islet and B cell in experimental diabetic mice.
Analysis of Ecological Footprints of Daqing During 1997～2003

The ecological footprints of Daqing,Heilongjiang Province,China during 1997～2003 were calculated.The ecological footprint per capita was 2.3～2.7 hm~2,and ecological deficit per capita was 1.3～1.7 hm~2,both of them exceeded the average of our country.And they all tended to increase in the past 7 years,which were mainly decided by the petroleum industry.The policy makers should focus on improving the use efficiency of resource,adjusting the types of the land use,calling for the style of the saving pattern in human living and consumption,and trying to lessen EF in the future ecological construction.
Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Reduction of a Quinone by an Oxide-Bound Riboflavin Derivative

The redox properties of a surface-bound phosphate flavin derivative (flavin mononucleotide, FMN) have been investigated on planar-FTO and nanoITO electrodes under acidic conditions in 1:1 CH3CN/H2O (V:V). On FTO, reversible 2e-/2H+ reduction of FTO|-FMN to FTO|-FMNH2 occurs with the pH and scan rate dependence expected for a 2e-/2H+ surface-bound couple. Addition of tetramethylbenzoquinone (Me4Q) results in rapid electrocatalyzed reduction to the hydroquinone by a pathway first order in quinone and first order in acid with kH = (2.6 ± 0.2) × 106 M–1 s–1. Electrocatalytic reduction of the quinone also occurs on derivatized, high surface area nanoITO electrodes with evidence for competitive rate-limiting diffusion of the quinone into the mesoporous nanostructure.
Telling It “Slant”: Carson McCullers, Harper Lee, and the Veil of Memory

Whitt introduces a new way of understanding autobiography, personal essay, and memoir by focusing upon autobiographical novels such as Carson McCullers’ The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter (1940), The Member of the Wedding (1946), and Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird (1960). McCullers and Lee created mythopoetic universes in which Mick Kelly, Frankie Addams, and Scout Finch face adolescent challenges. Occasionally, their confusion provides moments of comic relief; most often, though, there is nothing amusing about a world in which girls are afraid, demeaned, ignored, manipulated, and ostracized. Did McCullers and Lee find solace in detaching themselves from their heroines, or did they confront their dislocation by creating characters in their own image? How much of their narratives directly reflect the time periods during which they themselves were learning about gender roles and sexuality? How much in their autobiographical novels is truth told “slant”?
Reduced Intensity Conditioning Therapy Using Campath -1H Is Successful for Stem Cell Transplantation in Non-Malignant Disorders.

Stem cell transplantation (SCT), indicated for many non-malignant disorders, is limited by donor availability, graft rejection (GR), toxicities of conditioning, morbidity and mortality (TRM), and graft versus host disease (GVHD). To overcome these barriers, we tested a novel conditioning for SCT. It was designed to support engraftment by deleting host immune reactive lymphocytes and macrophages. Campath -1H (anti-CD52 mab) was given on days -21, -20, and -19 (total dose 48 mg), fludarabine (day -8 to -4) (total 150 mg/m2) and melphalan on day -3 (140 [n=15] or 70 [n=1] mg/m2). Stem cell sources were related/unrelated bone marrow (BM) (8), peripheral blood (PB) (5) and umbilical cord blood (UCB) (3). GVHD prophylaxis was cyclosporine (tapered after 3 months), methylprednisone (tapered after day +28) and methotrexate on days +1, +3, and +6. Methotrxate was not used in UCBT. End points of the study included engraftment and TRM. Sixteen patients (1.5–40 yrs) diagnosed with aplastic anemia (5), Hurler’s (2), sickle cell anemia, XLAAD, histiocytosis (3), thalassemia, adrenoleukodystrophy, Evan’s syndrome and dyserythropoietic anemia were transplanted. Median follow-up was 219 days (66–845). The regimen was well tolerated. All patients that survived >1 month engrafted. Neutrophils (ANC >500/dL) engrafted at a median of 12.5 (10–36) days and platelets (>50,000/dL) at a median of 21 (12 –63) days. Skin GVHD developed in 3 patients and resolved early. Four are tapering immune suppression; 8 are successfully off immune suppression. All survivors have either stable disease or are cured. One recipient had a normal pregnancy and delivered twins. Two patients died prior to engraftment from previously acquired Pseudomonas infection. A third patient died of CMV disease (day +112) and another recipient died of intracranial hemorrhage/refractory thrombocytopenia (day +43) after engraftment. Other complications were bacterial and viral infections occurring within the first 100 days post-transplant. All but 1 CMV+ recipient reactivated CMV as assessed by PCR. Profound lymphopenia was present in all recipients on day +30. NK cells recovered by day +100, CD8+ cells by day +180, CD4+ and B cells between days 180–270 after transplant. Immunoglobulin (Ig M and A) levels dropped post transplant and normalized by 9 months. Ig A recovered later than IgM. In summary, successful engraftment despite varied stem cell sources, was achieved without significant toxicity or GVHD. Lymphopenia resulted in a significant infection risk within the first 100 days post transplant, requiring close surveillance and early intervention. This transplant regimen is well tolerated and may preserve fertility, making it a promising alternative to conventional SCT.
Multicenter phase 2: Capecitabine (CAP) + oxaliplatin (OX) + bevacizumab (BEV) + trastuzumab (TRAS) for patients (pts) with metastatic esophagogastric cancer (MEGCA).

4038 Background: In MEGCA, cisplatin+CAP has RR 46% and OS 12.1 mos with BEV (AVAGAST) and RR 47% and OS 13.8 mos with TRAS (ToGA). We sought to improve these results by combining CAPOX with both B...
Assessment of Seasonal Metabolic Acclimation in Gopher Tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus): Does Dormancy Reduce Metabolic Rate?

Environmental selective pressures, and associated constraints (such as sub-optimal thermal environments), imposed on organisms can drive important changes in energy usage in organisms exposed to the environmental constraints. Gopherus polyphemus, Gopher Tortoises, significantly reduce constitutive immunity during winter dormancy, a pattern that has been observed across ectothermic vertebrates. Herein, we assessed the metabolic consequences of winter acclimation to determine if the previously documented seasonal immune reduction confers measurable energy conservation. We measured oxygen (O2) consumption, carbon dioxide (CO2) production, and calculated respiratory quotient in G. polyphemus at two seasonally relevant temperatures (12.5°C and 32.5°C) and two seasonal acclimation states (winter and summer). We found no effect of season on either O2 consumption or CO2 production but found that RQ was significantly elevated in animals at the colder temperature (P ...
When the FBI Knocks: Racialized State Surveillance of Muslims:

The sustained fixation on Muslims as the perennial suspects in domestic terrorism is a stereotype that continues to pervade counter-intelligence driven efforts. This research analyzes 113 cases of ...
NITRIC OXIDE MODULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION

The free radical nitric oxide (·NO) is the major form of the endothelial-derived relaxing factor that is enzymatically synthesized from arginine oxidation by an NADPH-dependent nitric oxide synthase. ·NO causes smooth muscle relaxation by activating soluble guanylate cyclase, and inhibits platelet aggregation and adhesion to endothelium by increasing cGMP41. Because of the vasorelaxant properties of ·NO and its rapid inactivation in the blood by its reaction with hemoglobin, ·NO inhalation has been advocated as a means of selectively reducing pulmonary hypertension and improving ventilation/perfusion mismatching in a variety of clinical situations9,40.
The Power of the Globe and Geospatial Technologies to Empower Teachers and Students in the Digital Age

Geospatial technologies for exploring and analyzing the world are no longer restricted to a few skilled scientists and professionals—they are widely available and ready to use in schools. Geospatial technologies include the computer hardware and software used to collect, import, manipulate, store, analyze, and display geospatial data. Included are such technologies as Global Positioning Systems (GPS), geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing tools, and other visualization systems. Such technologies have become available to nearly everyone through various mobile devices. Over the past decade, demand for such devices has skyrocketed as a way to manipulate and display geospatial information. For example, the integration of GPS data with digital maps has led to handheld and dashboard navigation devices used daily by millions of people worldwide. The ability to swiftly and dynamically represent the Earth’s geographic, scientific, social, political, economic, as well as a variety of other types of data visually and from different perspectives is the future of Generation R. But schools need to develop competencies necessary for using and creating geospatial data to inform a responsible Generation R citizen. This chapter examines an example of a middle school in the United States where geospatial technologies were used to empower teachers and students through the telling of their own historical story. In this “how to” example, teachers and students started with dendrochronology (tree-ring analysis), and teachers and students gained equally from learning about their own school, a former premier black high school during the pre- and Civil Rights era in a growing and changing capital city in the South. Geospatial tools expanded the scope of topics that the teachers and students were able to explore and prompted interdisciplinary science learning. This example provides a rich context for the discussion of how geospatial technologies can be implemented to enhance authentic learning and assessment in schools.
Effect of Graphite Aspect Ratio on Cast-iron Elastic Constants

Using a scattered-plane-wave ensemble-average model developed for composite materials, we calculated the effective elastic constants of cast iron. We focused on the effect of graphite-particle aspect ratio on the Young modulus. Between model and observation, we found good agreement. Oblate-spheroidal graphite flakes lower the elastic stiffness much more than do spheres. To obtain good model-measurement agreement, one must use graphite’s lower third-order-bound (Kroner-bound) elastic constants.
Níveis de legitimidade

DOI: 10.1590/2179-8966/2019/39373 Versao original: Owen Fiss (2015) Tiers of standing. Faculty Scholarship Series, n. 5185, p. 89-114. Artigo traduzido com a autorizacao do autor e editor. Traducao Renan Medeiros de Oliveira, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. E-mail: renanmedeirosdeoliveira@gmail.com Revisao Juliana Cesario Alvim, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. E-mail: julianacesarioalvim@gmail.com
To What Extent Were Progressive Politics Before World War Two a Fundamentally Imperial Project? The Case of International Humanitarian Relief in Russia, 1921-1923

There is perhaps a pervasive view that empires are at odds with progressive politics, which are, in their own turn, without covert agendas. The case study of the devastating Russian famine of 1921-23 is an opportunity to examine these views in more detail, and to consider the ways in which imperial agendas, and notions of the projection of soft power, were intertwined with the humanitarian agendas of NGOs.
Survey of particle production rates from process activities in pharmaceutical and biological cleanrooms

The lack of measurement data on particle generation rates from process activities for companies involved in the life sciences industry, such as pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms, has the poten...
Relationship between free hemoglobin (hemolysis), potassium and ionized calcium in lithium heparin blood gas samples collected intraoperatively.

Abstract Objective Develop sample acceptability rules by determining the relationship between free hemoglobin level (hemolysis) and potassium or ionized calcium in blood gas samples collected intraoperatively. Design and methods Hemolysis was assessed visually or by H index for lithium heparin blood gas samples collected intraoperatively. During periods one and three this was done using two different rules for visual assessment of centrifuged lithium heparin plasma. During period two H index was measured for all visually hemolyzed samples on a Roche Cobas c501 analyzer to determine acceptability. Potassium and ionized calcium were measured in 75 lithium heparin whole blood samples on a Radiometer ABL90 to correlate H index and potassium or ionized calcium. Results During period one 35 of 5808 (0.6%) blood gas samples had visual hemolysis levels exceeding tolerance for reporting of potassium. By switching to measured H index using a laboratory-established threshold, during period 2 we estimate that 171 of 5396 (3.2%) blood gas samples exceeded the H index threshold for reporting of potassium. In 75 intraoperative blood gas samples with H index and whole blood potassium and ionized calcium measured; we observed no relationship between H index and potassium or ionized calcium. During period 3 we switched to visual assessment of hemolysis with a greater tolerance for hemolysis; with only 3 of 5345 (0.06%) samples exceeding the new visual hemolysis threshold. Conclusion For blood gas samples collected intraoperatively, there is no relationship between hemolysis and measured potassium or ionized calcium. The results suggest that only grossly hemolyzed intraoperative blood gas samples should be rejected for measurement of whole blood potassium and ionized calcium.
Functional Properties of Engineered Heart Slices Incorporating Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes

Summary Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) hold great promise for cardiac studies, but their structural and functional immaturity precludes their use as faithful models of adult myocardium. Here we describe engineered heart slices (EHS), preparations of decellularized porcine myocardium repopulated with hiPSC-CMs that exhibit structural and functional improvements over standard culture. EHS exhibited multicellular, aligned bundles of elongated CMs with organized sarcomeres, positive inotropic responses to isoproterenol, anisotropic conduction of action potentials, and electrophysiological functionality for more than 200 days. We developed a new drug assay, GRIDS, that serves as a “fingerprint” of cardiac drug sensitivity for a range of pacing rates and drug concentrations. GRIDS maps characterized differences in drug sensitivity between EHS and monolayers more clearly than changes in action potential durations or conduction velocities. EHS represent a tissue-like model for long-term culture, structural, and functional improvement, and higher fidelity drug response of hiPSC-CMs.
Yogurt Consumption Is Associated with Better Dietary Intake and Diet Quality in School-aged Children (P18-112-19)

To assess associations between yogurt consumption and dietary intake as well as diet quality in school-aged children in the United States. A total of 3709 children aged 6–12 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2012, 2013–2014 and 2015–2016 were included in the study. Day 1 dietary data were used to determine yogurt consumption status, energy and nutrient intake. Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) was used as a measure of diet quality. Multiple linear regression analyses for surveys were conducted to estimate associations between yogurt consumption and dietary intake, as well as diet quality, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. About 9% of children aged 6–12 years were yogurt eaters. Compared to non-eaters, children who reported yogurt consumption had significantly higher intake of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, total sugar and carbohydrate, as well as significantly less intake of total fat and sodium (P < 0.05 for all). There were no significant differences on intake of added sugar and total energy intake. HEI-2015 total score, as well as sub scores for greens and beans, whole fruit, dairy, and sodium were significantly higher in yogurt eaters than non-eaters (P < 0.05 for all). Consumption of yogurt is associated with increased intake of several key vitamins and minerals, including nutrients of public health concern such as calcium and potassium, in school-aged children. Yogurt consumption is also associated with better diet quality in this population. The study was funded by General Mills, Inc.
Effect of Myelopathy on Early Clinical Improvement After Cervical Disc Replacement: A Study of a Local Patient Cohort and a Large National Cohort

OBJECTIVE Cervical disc replacement (CDR) is an effective long-term treatment for both cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy. However, there may be unique differences in the early postoperative clinical improvement for patients with and without myelopathy. In addition, previous studies using CDR to treat cervical myelopathy were underpowered to determine risk factors for relatively postoperative medical complications. METHODS Two different cohorts were studied. A local cohort of patients undergoing CDR by a single surgeon was utilized to study the early postoperative course of clinical improvement. In addition, a national cohort of patients undergoing CDR in the 2015 and 2016 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was utilized to study differences in postoperative medical complications after CDR. Patients with a preoperative diagnosis of cervical myelopathy were identified in both cohorts, and perioperative outcomes and complications were compared to patients without myelopathy. RESULTS A total of 43 patients undergoing CDR were included in the institutional cohort, of those 16 patients (37% of cohort) had a preoperative diagnosis of cervical myelopathy. A total of 3,023 patients undergoing CDR were included in the national cohort, of those 411 (13% of cohort) had a preoperative diagnosis of cervical myelopathy. In the institutional cohort, the nonmyelopathy group had a lower initial Neck Disability Index (NDI) and saw a faster improvement in NDI by 2 weeks postoperative. However, at 24 weeks there was no significant difference between groups in terms of NDI. Interestingly, only the nonmyelopathy cohort had a significant improvement in modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association score by 6 weeks (p 0.05) between myelopathy and nonmyelopathy patients. CONCLUSION Significant improvements in NDI, visual analogue scale (VAS)-arm pain, and VAS-neck pain are seen in both myelopathy and nonmyelopathy populations undergoing CDR by 6 weeks postoperatively. However, nonmyelopathy populations improve faster by 2 weeks postoperatively. In the national cohort analysis, medical complications were similarly low in both myelopathy and nonmyelopathy groups.
The gradient and frequency-wise analysis improves wide-field imaging in miniaturized one-photon microscopy

The miniaturized one-photon epi-fluorescence microscopy (miniscopy) has emerged as a powerful tool for in vivo functional brain imaging. Here, we report a computational method to improve the image quality of miniscopy.
The Place of Non-Discursive Symbolism, Formal Characterizations, and Hermeneutics in Argument Analysis and Criticism.

Recent work by Charles Willard and others raises questions concerning the significance and function of non-discursive symbolism, formal characterizations, and depth interpretation or hermeneutics i...
Real-Time Closed-Loop Suppression of Repolarization Alternans Reduces Arrhythmia Susceptibility In Vivo

Background: Repolarization alternans (RA) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Methods: We have developed a real-time, closed-loop system to ...
Integer linear programming formulations of the filter partitioning minimization problem

Combinatorial filters, which take the form of labelled transition graphs, are a general representation for filtering and inference tasks in robotics. They are of particular interest in contexts where the objective is to minimize the computational resources needed to execute the filter. One specific problem is called the filter minimization (FM) problem, in which the goal is to find, for a given original filter, a state-minimal filter equivalent to the original filter. We consider a special case of FM, called the filter partitioning minimization (FPM) problem, in which the reduced filter must partition the state space of the original filter. This problem has been proven to be NP-hard. This paper considers the practical problem of solving FPM in spite of these hardness results. In contrast to the best known algorithm for this problem, a heuristic approach based on graph coloring proposed by O’Kane and Shell, we show how to convert an FPM instance to an instance of the well-known integer linear programming (ILP) problem. We present three distinct formulations of this reduction. Though ILP is itself a challenging problem, reducing FPM to ILP has the advantage that the ILP problem has been studied in great detail, and highly-optimized solvers are readily available. We describe experiments comparing this approach to the heuristic algorithm of O’Kane and Shell. The results show that the proposed ILP technique performs better in computing exact solutions as the filter sizes grow, and that the ILP approach obtains higher-quality feasible solutions, in contexts where time limitations prohibit the computation of exact solutions.
Schr\"odinger evolution of two-dimensional black holes

This paper systematically treats the evolving quantum state for two-dimensional black holes, with particular focus on the CGHS model, but also elucidating features generalizing to higher dimensions. This is done in Schrodinger picture(s), to exhibit the dynamic evolution of the state at intermediate times. After a review of classical solutions, also connecting to descriptions of higher-dimensional black holes, it overviews the canonical quantum treatment of the full evolution, including gravitational dynamics. Derived in an approximation to this, following conversion to "perturbation picture," is the evolution of the quantum matter on the background geometry. Features of the evolving matter state are described, based on choice of a time slicing to put the evolution into ADM form. The choices of slicing as well as coordinates on the slices result in different quantum "pictures" for treating the evolution. If such a description is based on smooth trans-horizon slices, that avoids explicit reference to ultra-planckian modes familiar from traditional treatments, and exhibits the Hawking excitations as emerging from a "quantum atmosphere" with thickness comparable to the inverse temperature. Detailed study of the state exhibits the entanglement structure between Hawking quanta and the partner excitations inside the black hole, and the corresponding "missing information." This explicit description also allows direct study of the evolution and features, e.g. as seen by infalling observers, of these partner excitations, helping to address various puzzles with them. Explicit treatment of the evolving state, and its extension to higher dimensions, provides further connections to information theory and a starting point for study of corrections that can unitarize evolution, arising from new quantum gravity effects -- whether wormholes or something entirely different.
Timetable-based Routing in Fixed Schedule Dynamic Networks

A fixed schedule dynamic network has a set of nodes (eg. vehicles or satellites) that move using a known schedule and trajectory, so that the connections between nodes in the network appear and disappear in a predictable manner. We study the problem of finding a foremost journey in such a network: given a query time, source and destination node, we find a temporal path that arrives at the earliest time at the destination. We give a new approach to the problem that uses a timetable sorted in order of the start time of connections, and describe three algorithms using this approach. We prove their correctness and give tight bounds on their worst-case time complexities. We also show extensive experimental results that show that our new algorithms outperform the previous best algorithm given in [1].
Behavioral Portfolio Management with Layered ESG Goals and Ai Estimation of Asset Returns

Portfolio managers and individual investors alike are in quest of efficient asset allocation models that simultaneously express environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations along with investor behavioral biases. The current study presents a novel approach to optimize the behavioral portfolio management model in the presence of investor biases for ESG sustainability, loss aversion, and cognitive dissonance. We extend the factor pricing literature by implementing a factor extraction protocol to identify three unique and pervasive ESG factors. Upon examining the interconnectedness of the factors, machine learning methods are applied to a production-theoretic six-factor Fama and French model to predict individual asset returns. Enumeration of efficient asset allocations is obtained by solving a hierarchical multiobjective portfolio optimization model. simulation results from solving alternate specifications of the layered goal ESG-driven model corroborate and extend emergent research on portfolio sustainability, network theory, and the interconnectedness of financial returns. Additionally, we provide results to amplify the existence of a hump-shaped ESG efficiency frontier. The results provide new information about the trade-offs available for resolving cognitive dissonance when investors are conflicted between holding ‘green’ versus ‘brown’ asset diversification plans.