cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relations between weight at first calving and milk production during the first lactation.

Summary Michigan DHIA–IBM records for 4,677 Holsteins, 1,001 Guernseys, and 501 Jerseys were used to fit constants by least squares for the independent influences of age and weight on production in the first lactation. These effects indicated that delaying calving of heifers is economically disadvantageous and that heavier heifers have little or no advantage over lighter heifers of similar age. Intraherd partial regressions were about 75 lb. of milk per month of age and 200 lb. of milk per 100 lb. weight at first calving. Large correlation between herd averages of weight and production contributed significantly to larger partial regressions of milk on weight when herds were ignored. Genetic correlations between weight and production were of the order of .3. Heritabilities based on paternal-sister correlations ranged from .4 to .8 for weight and from .3 to .6 for production in the first lactation. Dairy heifers should be bred as soon as large enough to minimize possible harmful effects on length of productive life. Selection for increased milk production may result in larger size. Correcting production for weight should be based only on the environmental part of the relationship between weight and production to avoid removing some genetic variation in production.
Imaging of temporal bone trauma

Multidetector computed tomography aids in the detection and subsequent classification of skull base and temporal bone fractures. Classifying temporal bone fractures aids in predicting complications and can help guide treatment. In this article, we discuss the detection and classification of temporal bone fractures for injury stratification and review normal anatomy of temporal bone structures, which may mimic fractures.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE DBCONPAS COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR ESTIMATION OF CONCRETE PAVEMENT PARAMETERS FROM FWD DATA

One of the major problems in the evaluation of concrete pavement systems is the accurate determination of pavement parameters such as elastic modulus of concrete, subgrade modulus, and edge and joint stiffnesses. One of the ways to determine these parameters is by matching a measured deflection basin caused by a falling weight deflectometer (FWD) to an analytical deflection basin computed by using a set of estimated parameters. This could be a very time-consuming and costly process. In response to this need, the user-friendly and flexible computer program DBCONPAS (Data Base for CONcrete PAvement Systems) was developed. The DBCONPAS program uses a data base of analytical results generated by the FEACONS (Finite Element Analysis of CONcrete Slabs) program. The data base can be expanded and updated easily. The program is adaptable to computers of various sizes, such as micro, mini, and mainframe computers. This paper describes the program structure, the program algorithm, the basic information in the data base, and the prediction equations used. DBCONPAS was used also to analyze FWD data obtained from several concrete pavement test sites in Florida. DBCONPAS was demonstrated to be an effective tool for analysis of concrete pavements.
Relative and absolute strength of response as a function of frequency of reinforcement

A previous paper (Herrnstein, 1958) reported how pigeons behave on a concurrent schedule under which they peck at either of two response-keys. The significant finding of this investigation was that the relative frequency of responding to each of the keys may be controlled within narrow limits by adjustments in an independent variable. In brief, the requirement for reinforcement in this procedure is the emission of a minimum number of pecks to each of the keys. The pigeon receives food when it completes the requirement on both keys. The frequency of responding to each key was a close approximation to the minimum requirement. The present experiment explores the relative frequency of responding further. In the earlier study it was shown that the output of behavior to each of two keys may be controlled by specific requirements of outputs. Now we are investigating output as a function of frequency of reinforcement. The earlier experiment may be considered a study of differential reinforcement; the present one, a study of strength of response. Both experiments are attempts to elucidate the properties of rdlative frequency of responding as a dependent variable.
The truthfulness of addict respondents in research projects.

(1972). The Truthfulness of Addict Respondents in Research Projects. International Journal of the Addictions: Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 549-558.
Two outbreaks of primarily noninvasive group A streptococcal disease in the same nursing home, New York, 1991.

Group A Streptococcus has been identified as the cause of several outbreaks of infection in residents of nursing homes. These reports described outbreaks that included persons with severe invasive disease as well as more limited infection. The purpose of this report is to describe an investigation of two consecutive outbreaks of group A Streptococcus that occurred in a single nursing home, where all affected residents had disease of mild to moderate disease severity. This report focuses on the identification of risk factors for infection and describes the approach used to control the spread of infection in the nursing home.
Enhanced efficacy of an attenuated Flavobacterium psychrophilum strain cultured under iron-limited conditions

An attenuated strain of Flavobacterium psychrophilum (CSF259-93B.17) has shown potential as a vaccine for prevention of bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Because BCWD outbreaks can result in high mortality in other salmonid species, specifically coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), the live-attenuated strain was tested as a vaccine in this species. Additionally, we hypothesized that culture of the vaccine strain under iron-limited conditions would lead to improved protection against BCWD. To test this hypothesis, coho salmon were either injection or immersion immunized with CSF259-93B.17 cultured in iron-replete or iron-limited medium. Resultant antibody titers were low and not significantly different between the two treatments regardless of vaccine delivery method (P > 0.05). Following injection challenge with a virulent F. psychrophilum strain, mortality for injection vaccinated fish was significantly reduced compared to the control but did not differ by treatment (P > 0.05). Relative percent survival (RPS) was high in both treatments (90% in iron-replete, 98% in iron-limited medium). Fish immunized by immersion with CSF259-93B.17 grown in iron-replete medium exhibited lower mortality (29.3%; RPS 46%) when compared to mock immunized fish, but this was not significant. However, mortality was significantly lower in fish immunized with CSF259-93B.17 grown in iron-limited medium (14.7%; RPS 73%) when compared to mock immunized fish. The results demonstrate that the live-attenuated F. psychrophilum strain can confer protection to coho salmon and vaccine efficacy is enhanced by culturing the strain under iron-limited conditions.
Locomotor energetics in primates: Gait mechanics and their relationship to the energetics of vertical and horizontal locomotion

All primates regularly move within three-dimensional arboreal environments and must often climb, but little is known about the energetic costs of this critical activity. Limited previous work on the energetics of incline locomotion suggests that there may be differential selective pressures for large compared to small primates in choosing to exploit a complex arboreal environment. Necessary metabolic and gait data have never been collected to examine this possibility and biomechanical mechanisms that might explain size-based differences in the cost of arboreal movement. Energetics and kinematics were collected for five species of primate during climbing and horizontal locomotion. Subjects moved on a treadmill with a narrow vertical substrate and one with a narrow horizontal substrate at their maximum sustainable speed for 10–20 min while oxygen consumption was monitored. Data during climbing were compared to those during horizontal locomotion and across size. Results show that climbing energetic costs were similar to horizontal costs for small primates (<0.5 kg) but were nearly double for larger species. Spatio-temporal gait characteristics suggest that the relationship between the cost of locomotion and the rate of force production changes between the two locomotor modes. Thus, the main determinants of climbing costs are fundamentally different from those during horizontal locomotion. These new results combining spatiotemporal and energetic data confirm and expand on our previous argument (Hanna et al.: Science 320 (2008) 898) that similar costs of horizontal and vertical locomotion in small primates facilitated the successful occupation of a fine-branch arboreal milieu by the earliest primates.
The African Genesis of the Black Perspective in Helping

This article suggests that black Americans can be understood best from a design that recognizes a cultural connection to Africa, and it shows, through the illustration of specific strategies, that the more advantageous treatment of black clients would be based on an Afro perspective.
Prospective gamma-ray propagation models and comparisons to metamaterial models

Astronomical observations of gamma-ray bursts can exhibit dispersive behavior where high-energy gamma rays arrive significantly later than low-energy photons. Although the underlying mechanisms for the dispersion are not fully understood, a polynomial model has been proposed for modeling the apparent frequency-dependent photon velocity. The present work considers the impact of this dispersion model on the Helmholtz equation. The result is an extended form of the Helmholtz equation, where additional terms are used to model observed dispersion. The proposed set of equations closely resembles one type of metamaterial model, and therefore exhibits similar behavior. Comparisons are drawn between the gamma-ray models and similar metamaterial models that exhibit right-handed behavior at low frequencies and left-handed behavior at high frequencies. Finally, the overall approach provides a flexible modeling framework that can be adapted as new gamma-ray data become available.
Isolation and Characterization of Mutant Sinorhizobium meliloti NodD1 Proteins with Altered Responses to Luteolin

NodD1, a member of the NodD family of LysR-type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs), mediates nodulation (nod) gene expression in the soil bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti in response to the plant-secreted flavonoid luteolin. We used genetic screens and targeted approaches to identify NodD1 residues that show altered responses to luteolin during the activation of nod gene transcription. Here we report four types of NodD1 mutants. Type I (NodD1 L69F, S104L, D134N, and M193I mutants) displays reduced or no activation of nod gene expression. Type II (NodD1 K205N) is constitutively active but repressed by luteolin. Type III (NodD1 L280F) demonstrates enhanced activity with luteolin compared to that of wild-type NodD1. Type IV (NodD1 D284N) shows moderate constitutive activity yet can still be induced by luteolin. In the absence of luteolin, many mutants display a low binding affinity for nod gene promoter DNA in vitro. Several mutants also show, as does wild-type NodD1, increased affinity for nod gene promoters with added luteolin. All of the NodD1 mutant proteins can homodimerize and heterodimerize with wild-type NodD1. Based on these data and the crystal structures of several LTTRs, we present a structural model of wild-type NodD1, identifying residues important for inducer binding, protein multimerization, and interaction with RNA polymerase at nod gene promoters.
Community Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Preseptal Cellulitis Complicated By Zygomatic Osteomylitis, Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis and Meningitis in a Healthy Child

We report a case of community-acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) preseptal cellulitis complicated by zygomatic osteomyelitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis, meningitis, and necroziting pneumonia in a previously healthy two and half month old girl. This case exemplifies an aggressive and disseminated CA-MRSA infection with deep venous thrombosis in an infant without predisposing risk factors. The literature is reviewed and recommendations for management are provided.
Formant-based technique for automatic filled-pause detection in spontaneous spoken english

Detection of filled pauses is a challenging research problem which has several practical applications. It can be used to evaluate the spoken fluency skills of the speaker, to improve the performance of automatic speech recognition systems or to predict the mental state of the speaker. This paper presents an algorithm for filled pause detection that is based on the premise that the vocal tract characteristics, and hence the formants, are stable during the production of a filled pause. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on real-life recordings of call center agents where the locations of the filled pauses are hand labeled. The proposed algorithm outperforms a standard cepstral stability based filled pause detection algorithm and a standard pitch-based detection technique.
Mango Fufu Kimchi Yucca: The Depoliticization of “Diversity” in Washington, D.C. Discourse

The rise of the commodified city has encouraged new attention to the symbolic systems that structure our understandings of difference and inequality in urban areas. This paper analyzes one of those systems, namely discourse. I examine how the term diversity has developed multiple meanings over the past 10 years in Mt. Pleasant, a gentrifying neighborhood in Washington, DC, and I trace these developments and their connections with changes in the local economy, politics, and demographics. In the mid-1990s, diversity indexed community discourses about social justice and equal opportunity. Later, diversity began to signify a commodified resource. As real estate prices drastically rose, the term's meaning became associated with the “lifestylization” of urban space: Diversity has come to reference stimulating cultural experience, and is used to promote commercial investment in the neighborhood and sell upmarket real estate. Analyzing such shifts in discourse illuminates the micro-mechanics of how local visions of multicultural urban spaces can lose their focus on justice and equality.
Avoiding De-Natured Science: Activities that Promote Understandings of the Nature of Science

In spite of a renewed interest in establishing the nature of science as a major element of the science cumculum we fear that the current reform emphasis relative to the nature of science (NOS) will have as little impact as earlier efforts. It seems that two critical omissions noted in previous reform efforts are again apparent. There has not been a concerted effort to communicate clearly what is meant by the NOS and how a functional understanding of this crucial aspect of science can be communicated to K-12 students (Lederman & Niess, 1997). The focus of this chapter is to address this second issue by providing strategies to communicate important aspects of the nature of science to students in a hands-on fashion. As far as communicating proper understandings of the NOS to students is concerned, teachers have been led to believe that their students will come to understand the NOS simply through the performance of scientific inquiry and/or investigations. This advice is no more valid than assuming that students will learn the details of cellular respiration by watching an animal breathe. Too many students and teachers believe that scientific knowledge is provable in an absolute sense, objective, and devoid of creativity and human imagination. It is also just as common for students and teachers to believe that laws are theories that have been proven and that there exists a single step-wise scientific method which characterizes scientific investigations (Lederman, 1992). It is highly unlikely that students and their teachers will come to understand that science is tentative, empirically-based, partly the product of human imagination and creativity, and is influenced by social and cultural factors solely through learning about the content of science or its processes. We believe that a concerted effort on the part of science educators and teachers to explicitly guide learners in their attempts to develop proper understandings of the nature of the scientific enterprise is essential. The notion of explicitness is imperative. It is critical that we target teaching the NOS if the desired impact on learners’ conceptions is to be achieved.
Securities Litigation Reform: A Fish Story

The paper suggests that the private remedy for securities law violations might be unnecessary. Since the primary movers in the litigation are a small number of plaintiff law firms, the actual plaintiffs are by and large irrelevant; their role is to provide a rationale for damage measurement. But if the damages of the plaintiff class bear no logical relation to the social losses, then it might make sense to simply remove the plaintiffs from the process entirely. Plaintiff law firms are, in a sense, bounty hunters, supplementing the SEC's enforcement effort. The paper suggests that the current situation is similar to an open-access fishery and that a more efficient system might result in more sensible management of that fishery. The supplementary role might be better served if the SEC established a set of fines and then licensed some subset of private lawyers to pursue those fines.
Estimating Evaporation from Insolation

A previously developed equation correlation evaporation and insolation quantities with air temperature for a local region has been recomputed from a wider geographic distribution of data. It was found that this more general equation estimated evaporation with correlation coefficients as high as those found when estimating evaporation with individual station equations. It is found that this equation is suitable for estimating monthly totals of pan or shallow basin evaporation and yearly totals of lake evaporation (with the use of a 0.92 coefficient).
Energy metabolism and oxidative stress: impact on the metabolic syndrome and the aging process.

Aging can be defined as a progressive decline in the ability of the organism to resist stress, damage, and diseas. Although there are currently over 300 theories to explain the aging phenomenon, it is still not well understood why organisms age and why the aging process can vary so much in speed and quality from individual to individual. The oxidative stress hypothesis is one of the prevailing theories of aging. This theory states that free radicals produced during cellular respiration damage lipids, proteins, and DNA thereby accelerating the aging process and increasing disease risk. Under normal conditions, the electron transport chain is the primary producer of the superoxide anion, which is precursor to other highly reactive species such as hydrogen peroxide and the hydroxyl radical. Oxidative stress accumulates when prooxidants overwhelm the antioxidant defense mechanisms. This is dependent on a number of factors including free radical production, susceptibility of tissue to stress, and strength of the defense and repair system. Oxidative stress has been implicated in a number of chronic disease states usually grouped under the umbrella of the metabolic syndrome and is thought to contribute to the aging process. It has been hypothesized that the production of free radicals is dependent on resting metabolic rate and this may have an impact on the aging process. However, other factors, such as mitochondrial function, may be important in the production of free radicals and the subsequent effect on aging and disease states.
Improvement in the Contractility and Muscle Stem Cell Density of the Rotator Cuff Following Surgical Repair: A Case Report.

Large or massive tears of the rotator cuff can cause severe pain and substantially limit mobility, and thus negatively impact quality of life1. Following surgical repair, an estimated 50% of patients still have symptoms at six months and 40% have symptoms at one year2, demonstrating that surgical repair is often unable to fully restore the normal function and strength of the involved muscles. A common pathophysiological change that occurs in torn rotator cuff muscles is atrophy of muscle fibers and an accumulation of fat in the muscle extracellular matrix, collectively referred to as “fatty atrophy.” Despite improvements in surgical repair techniques to achieve biomechanically strong repairs to bone in a minimally invasive arthroscopic approach, studies of rotator cuff muscles with use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans often fail to demonstrate a reduction in fatty atrophy following surgical repair3,4. While these imaging modalities are commonly used as a benchmark of rotator cuff healing, there is little information regarding the cellular and molecular changes associated with fatty atrophy in patients who sustain rotator cuff tears. Several different animal models have been used to study the natural history of rotator cuff injuries and the impact of repair on tissue regeneration5,6. While the nature of these models allows for invasive analysis of the muscles before and after the repair, the ability to analyze the cellular and molecular changes at multiple time points is difficult in human subjects. We have been studying the physiology of torn rotator cuff muscles with use of biopsy specimens obtained at the time of surgical repair, but ethical and practical issues have limited our ability to study changes in rotator cuff contractility and morphology that occur subsequent to the repair. Our patient, who …
Intrasubject Variability in Total IgE Levels in Patients with Moderate to Severe Persistent Allergic Asthma Over 1 Year

Abstract Background Longitudinal variability in serum IgE levels has not been prospectively studied in people with moderate to severe allergic asthma. Objective We investigated change in serum IgE concentrations over 1 year, and its relationship with lung function, asthma control, asthma pharmacotherapy, allergy season, asthma exacerbations, body mass index, and demographic factors. Methods Seventeen patients with moderate to severe persistent allergic asthma were followed for 1 year. Variability in serum IgE level was explored using a linear mixed regression model treating a change of 10% or more in IgE concentration and combined change of 10% or more and an absolute change of 50 IU/mL as dichotomous variables. Results For consecutive visits every 2 months, the mean percent change in serum IgE level was 23 ± 3 ( P P Conclusions Serum IgE concentrations exhibit variability over time among individuals with moderate to severe persistent allergic asthma. The factors that contribute to IgE level variability and the impact of these findings on clinical outcomes deserve further study.
Bandgap Guidance in Two-Dimensional Light-Induced Photonic Lattices

We report the demonstration of two-dimensional square-shaped and ring-shaped photonic lattices optically-induced with a single-site negative defect. Bandgap guidance of light in such a defect is observed in experiment and studied in theory.
Primary Report of Test for Seed-borne Species of Fungi on Alfalfa in Xinjiang

We tested nine kinds of alfalfa seed which come from different yield place and varieties.The result indicated that 21 kinds of fungi were detected from afalfa seed and plant tissue remains .13 kinds of fungi were detected from nine varieties of alfalfa seed,20 kinds of fungi were found from alfalfa remains. 3 kinds of fungi have higher appearing frequency.They are Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp.respectivewly.
Purification and regulation of an AMP-specific cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase from dog heart.

The major enzyme responsible for adenosine production during myocardial hypoxia or ischemia is 5'-nucleotidase. We purified an AMP-specific 5'-nucleotidase to homogeneity from the 150,000-g superna...
Cellular localization of the group II pepsinogens in human stomach and duodenum by immunofluorescence.

The localization of the group II pepsinogens (Pg II) in human stomach and duodenum has been investigated by immunofluorescence. The antiserum was prepared in rabbits against a preparation of Pg II which had been isolated from human seminal fluid. Parallel studies were performed with an antiserum to the group I pepsinogens (Pg I). Each antiserum was found to be specific for its respective antigen by immunodiffusion. In fundic mucosa, both Pg I and Pg II were localized to granules in the mucous neck and chief cells and both groups appeared to be present in the same granules. By immunofluorescence, Pg II was abundant in the pyloric glands of the antrum and in Brunner’s glands in the duodenum. These cells did not contain Pg I. The results indicate that the human peptic cell mass is heterogeneous and that it consists of four types of cells.
Maxilla osteonecrosis: a differential diagnosis in patients with metastatic cancer on bisphosphonates

Bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the mandible and/or maxilla is an increasingly recognized, though still rare complication of bisphosphonate therapy. In the present case, the patient presented with a seven-month history of maxillary sinusitis and pain, and was originally diagnosed with a bony metastasis from her primary breast cancer. However, surgical excision and biopsy led to a diagnosis of bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the maxilla. As bisphosphonates are often prescribed for patients with metastatic disease, it is important to recognize that bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis may present similarly to bony metastases.
Probability Distribution of Curvatures of Isosurfaces in Gaussian Random Fields

An expression for the joint probability distribution of the principal curvatures at an arbitrary point in the ensemble of isosurfaces defined on isotropic Gaussian rando m fields on R n is derived. The result is obtained by deriving symmetry properties of the ensemble of second derivative matrices of isotropic Gaussian random fields akin to those of the Gaussian orthogonal ensemb le.
The Neurophilosophy of Subjectivity

The so-called subjectivity of conscious experience is central to much recent work in the philosophy of mind. Subjectivity is the alleged property of consciousness whereby one can know what it is like to have certain conscious states only if one has undergone such states oneself. I review neurophilosophical work on consciousness and concepts pertinent to this claim and argue that subjectivity eliminativism is at least as well supported, if not more supported, than subjectivity reductionism. § 0. Introduction Conscious experience, according to many philosophers, is subjective. Claims about the so-called subjectivity of consciousness are offered as apparently obvious facts about consciousness. Further, in much philosophical literature, these supposedly obvious claims are exploited as the bases for some not-at-all-obvious conclusions, like, for instance, the conclusion that no neuroscientific theory could possibly explain consciousness. If such claims are correct, then the neurophilosophy of consciousness is somewhere between impossible and ridiculous. In this article, I will present a case that claims of the subjectivity of consciousness are far from obvious or innocent and are instead very strong empirical claims about the structure, acquisition, and content of concepts. As such, it is entirely appropriate to bring empirical considerations to bear on the question of whether experience is essentially subjective. I describe various neurophilosophical accounts of the relevant notions (concepts, consciousness, sensation, introspection, etc.) and build a case against the subjectivity of consciousness. Along the way I discuss the prospects of neurophilosophical accounts of subjectivity and argue for the superiority of subjectivity eliminativism over subjectivity reductionism. My plan is as follows. First, I conduct a quick review of the notion of subjectivity as it figures in some classic discussions in the philosophy of mind, especially those surrounding the work of Nagel and Jackson. I develop the idea that the account of subjectivity is one-way knowability. Next, I turn to discuss neurophilosophical perspectives on the topics of consciousness, phenomenal character, and "knowing what it is like". Finally, I bring the insights developed in the previous sections to bear on the twin questions of whether (1) in perception, we perceive properties that may be known in no other way and (2) in introspection we introspect properties that may be known in no other way. My conclusions will be that both questions merit negative answers.
STRENGTHENING ADVANCE CARE PLANNING THROUGH INNOVATIVE POLICYMAKING, PRACTICE, AND RESEARCH

AbstractThe National Academy of Medicine in its 2015 report, , advocates advance care planning (ACP) as vital for people with serious, advanced illness to assure that health care decisions near the end of life are made according to their preferences and values. This allows the very ill to forego unwanted invasive procedures that might detract from the quality of their lives, and instead choose hospice and other palliative measures that focus on quality of life and comfort. This symposium presents policy, practice, and research strategies from social work perspectives. The first presentation from an author of and of the 2016 Roundtable on Quality Care for People with Serious Illness, describes innovative legislative proposals and policies, resources, online registries, and evidence-based quality measures that promote ACP. The second presenter uses data from a national survey to describe the extent to which hospice and palliative care social workers facilitate, conduct, and lead ACP planning activities. The third presentation describes findings from interviews with bereaved caregivers on how ACP and ongoing communication influenced outcomes at the end of their loved one’s life. Finally, the fourth presenter discusses attitudes and behaviors toward advanced directives among Chinese American older adults, and the importance of culture. Each of the presenters discusses the implications of these findings and potential strategies for policymaking, practice, and research.
Do college admissions counselors discriminate? Evidence from a correspondence-based field experiment

Abstract I design and implement a correspondence based field experiment to test for race and gender discrimination among college admissions counselors in the student information gathering stage. The experiment uses names to identify student race and gender, and student grade, SAT score, and writing differences to reflect varying levels of applicant quality. I find that counselors do not respond differently by race in most cases, but there are measurable differences in response/non-response and in the type of correspondence sent that favor female students. I also find that the quality of the student induces large differences in the type of response.
Nutrition Education and Counseling of the Bariatric Surgery Patient

The success of weight loss maintenance following bariatric surgery has exceeded that of conventional and pharmaceutical treatments. However, patients are at risk for weight regain, nutrient deficiencies, and other diet-related health problems. Therefore, education and counseling on issues pertaining to all aspects of diet, nutrition, and lifestyle should be provided by a qualified registered dietitian (RD) familiar with the bariatric surgery procedures and specific needs of this patient population. In addition, optimal care results when a multidisciplinary team communicates findings and shares expertise to reinforce and optimize conveyance of accurate health messages in a manner best suited to each individual. Both education and counseling are essential components of effective interventions, and knowledge of educational and counseling theories and strategies can maximize outcomes. In an effort to improve consistency of quality nutrition care and to allow for data collection, the Nutrition Care Process should be utilized in developing and assessing the nutrition education and counseling care and outcomes.
Database Development and Management

Introduction to Database Systems Functions of a Database Database Management System Database Components Database Development Process Conceptual Design and Data Modeling Introduction to Database Design Process Understanding Business Process Entity-Relationship Data Model Representing Business Process with Entity-Relationship Model Table Structure and Normalization Introduction to Tables Table Normalization Transforming Data Models to Relational Databases . DBMS Selection Transforming Data Models to Relational Databases Enforcing Constraints Creating Database for Business Process Physical Design and Database Implementation with SQL Physical Design Creating, Controlling, and Modifying Database Objects with SQL Transporting Database Data Querying Databases Retrieving Data from Tables SQL Procedures SQL Programming Extension Procedures and Functions Triggers Debugging SQL Procedures Database Views, Indexes, and Cursors Creating and Managing Views Creating and Managing Indexes Creating and Managing Cursors Case Study: Hillcrest Computing Accessing Data Database Accessing Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) Object Linking and Embedding Database (OLE DB) Active Data Object (ADO) Database Application Development Understanding Business Process User Interface Design and Format Creating Forms Creating Reports Network Databases Client/Server Computing Introduction to Extensible Markup Language (XML) Developing Database Applications with Visual Studio .NET XML Web Services and InfoPath Database Administration Managing Database User Accounts and Security Backing Up and Recovering Databases Database Replication Database Maintenance Plan Data Analysis Services Data Warehouse OnLine Analytical Processing (OLAP) Data Mining Data-Mining Process Data-Mining Algorithms Developing Data-Mining Models in SQL Server APPENDICES Appendix A: Sample Databases Student_Club Database Hillcrest Computing Database Appendix B: Installation of SQL Server SQL Server Installation Appendix C: Suggested Resources Web Sites Books and Articles
Antiviral Response in the Nasopharynx Identifies Patients With Respiratory Virus Infection.

Background Despite the high burden of respiratory infection and the importance of early and accurate diagnosis, there is no simple diagnostic test to rule in viral infection as a cause of respiratory symptoms. Methods We performed RNA sequencing on human nasal epithelial cells following stimulation of the intracellular viral recognition receptor RIG-I. Next, we evaluated whether measuring identified host mRNAs and proteins from patient nasopharyngeal swabs could predict the presence of a respiratory virus in the sample. Results Our first study showed that a signature of 3 mRNAs, CXCL10, IFIT2, and OASL, predicted respiratory virus detection with an accuracy of 97% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9-1.0), and identified proteins correlating with virus detection. In a second study, elevated CXCL11 or CXCL10 protein levels identified samples containing respiratory viruses, including viruses not on the initial test panel. Overall area under the curve (AUC) values were: CXCL11 AUC = 0.901 (95% CI, 0.86-0.94); CXCL10 AUC = 0.85 (95% CI, 0.80-0.91). Conclusions Host antiviral mRNAs and single host proteins detectable using nasopharyngeal swabs accurately predict the presence of viral infection. This approach holds promise for developing rapid, cost-effective tests to improve management of patients with respiratory illnesses.
Brief of Amici Curiae Constitutional Law Scholars in Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association

The Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992 (PASPA) makes it unlawful, among other things, for a state to "authorize" sports gambling. This Amicus Brief, drafted by Professor Robert A. Mikos and other law professors, argues that PASPA is unconstitutional as applied to New Jersey’s 2014 sports gambling law (SB2460). Because the New Jersey law merely repeals the state's own ban on sports gambling, it cannot be preempted by Congress without violating the Supreme Court's anti-commandeering doctrine. See Printz v. United Sates, 521 U.S. 898 (1997). Characterizing the law as "authorizing", "affirmatively permitting", or "empowering", etc. once-forbidden conduct does not alter the practical effect of the law--it still only eliminates state-imposed sanctions on sports gambling, something a state is entitled to do under the anti-commandeering rule. Indeed, upholding a congressional power to prevent states from repealing state-law prohibitions on conduct could jeopardize a variety of recent state reforms to policies governing everything from marijuana to firearms. The Brief urges the Supreme Court to reverse the decision of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals in National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Christie, 832 F.3d 389 (3d Cir. 2016), and in so doing, to help clarify the boundary between permissible preemption and impermissible commandeering.
Personality and Work-Life Integration

Researchers and lay persons alike have long been intrigued by the behaviors and thoughts of human beings. Likewise, personality has been an area of great interest and research within the Industrial-Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior disciplines (Viswesvaran et al., 2007; Zimmerman, 2008). Interestingly, though the field of work-life integration has received enormous attention in recent years, very little of this has incorporated personality (Eby et al., 2005).
Ethnic-identity intensity as a moderator of the technology acceptance model and its antecedents

The goal of this dissertation is oriented to study the motivation of minorities to adopt and learn new, innovative technologies. The primary research question: is there some reason the African-American experience is driving certain sub-groups of the population to the wrong side of the digital divide? To examine this, I introduce ethnic identity as a moderating variable to a leftward extended technology acceptance model (TAM). Additionally, both components of the classic TAM (ease of use and usefulness) are divided into two antecedents: (1) ease of use - (a) trait efficacy and (b) state efficacy and (2) usefulness (completely replaced by) - (a) symbolic utility and (b) functional utility. State efficacy has a significant relationship to both ease of use as well as intent to use. Functional utility has a significant relationship to intent to use. Ethnic-Identity and its intensity does have a moderating effect to a more parsimonious model (were significant paths are compared for invariance.
Introductory Remarks on the Occasion of the Public Lecture Given in the Niigata-Illinois Friendship Hall

Ladies and Gentlemen, Members of the Community of Nakajo, it is a special pleasure for me to speak to you today in this Niigata-Illinois Friendship Hall. I am particularly happy to contribute to the development of Japanese-American relations and to a better understanding of one another. I am very grateful to Professor Bruno Gruber for organizing this Symposium with speakers from both East and West.
Nitrogen metabolism and somatotropin secretion in lambs receiving arginine and ornithine via abomasal infusion.

Sixteen wether lambs (25 kg) were fitted with abomasal infusion cannulas and used to study N and endocrine responses to abomasal infusions of arginine (ARG) or ornithine (ORN). Lambs were randomly allotted to four treatment groups and abomasally infused with solutions of water (CON), ARG, ORN or UREA. The ARG solution provided .50 g ARG.HCl/kg BW and was equimolar with ORN.HCl (.40 g/kg). UREA (.28 g/kg) was isonitrogenous with ARG and served as a positive N control. Lambs were housed in metabolism crates for excreta collection and received 729 g DM/d of a 13.7% CP diet in equal portions four times daily. Following a 7-d dietary adjustment period, lambs were infused continuously (2 liters/d) with water for a 5-d preliminary collection period (Period 1), which immediately preceded a 7-d infusion and collection period (Period 2). Sequential blood samples were taken at 15-min intervals for 8 h between 1200 and 2000 on d 4 of both periods. Single samples were obtained at 1500 on remaining days. Nonrepeated measurements were analyzed as a completely randomized design, whereas repeated measurements were analyzed as a split-plot over time. Period 2 measurements were adjusted using covariance techniques if differences among treatment groups were observed for Period 1. Contrasts used in determining treatment effects were: CON vs UREA, CON vs ARG + ORN, and ARG vs ORN. Nitrogen retention was similar for all treatment, suggesting that dietary N was not limiting. Arginine and ORN increased serum ornithine (P less than .05), blood urea N (BUN; P less than .10) and urinary urea N excretion (P less than .01), whereas ARG increased (P less than .05) serum arginine and UREA increased (P less than .01) BUN and urinary urea N. Serum insulin and glucose were not affected by treatment. Compared with CON, ARG and ORN increased (P less than .05) mean somatotropin (STH) concentration (13.8 vs 16.9 and 18.4 ng/ml) and amplitude of STH pulses (9.8 vs 15.1 and 17.8 ng/ml), whereas CON and UREA were similar. Abomasal infusions of ARG and ORN were equally efficacious in stimulating ovine STH secretion when dietary N intake was not limiting.
Selling the ‘Authentic Past’: The New York Times and the Branding of History

News media increasingly revisit the past with an eye toward present-day commerce. The 156- year-old New York Times is one active repackager of history, selling many ‘commemorative sections’ that blend Times front-page coverage with modern, interpretive essays. Advertising them in the newspaper under titles such as ‘Image Conscious’ and ‘Get the Picture’, the Times also sells, at very high prices, ‘exhibition quality’ prints from its vast Photo Archives. Urging its readers to ‘own a moment in history’, this commercial enterprise bolsters the role of journalism in public memory while blurring historical realities of authorship and production. The past the company sells is a mix of facsimile and authentic material culture, and of previous reporting and present reassessment. This essay considers how the Times’ commodification of history illuminates other intersections as well, including those of materiality and imagination, visual and verbal imagery, news and nostalgia, and history and memory.
High exposure to nicotine among adolescents who use Juul and other vape pod systems ('pods').

Although e-cigarette use among US youth decreased in 2016 for the first time since 2011,1 2 with the introduction of the new generation of nicotine vapourisers, ‘pods,’ this trend may not continue. Pods are compact, lightweight, ultraportable and easy to use inconspicuously. Popularity of these devices has increased in the past year, most notably, one brand, Juul. Use of Juul and similar products (‘ juuling ’) among youth has parents, teachers and the lay public appropriately concerned. However, to date, there are no data on nicotine exposure among youth who use pod systems. ### Survey To characterise the use of pods among adolescents, we surveyed patients 12–21 years seen at three Stony Brook Children’s Hospital outpatient clinics (Long Island, New York) from April 2017 to April 2018. All participants/parents provided written consent. Participants completed a 60-item anonymous questionnaire about personal use of e-cigarettes, including specific product types and brands, and provided a spot urine sample. ### Product analysis Using previously described analytical methods,3 we measured total nicotine concentration in pod products, purchased online, that were popular among our participants. We also measured total nicotine yields in aerosols generated from these products using a smoking machine and standardised laboratory puffing protocol (70 mL puff volume, 2 s puff duration and puff intervals of 10 s).3 We used gas chromatography-mass …
Profoundly Relational, Creative, Holistic, and Integrative

Robert K. Greenleaf’s writings are seminal to the Servant-leader philosophy and all that is presented herein. The first chapter begins with an invitation for the reader to become a Servant-leader in training. The notion of a servant-consciousness supported by a clarified Servant-leader disposition is introduced and defined for this emerging and transforming philosophy. Serving-first differentiates Servant-leader development, as it distinguishes the motive, the purpose, and the way to lead. Leadership understood through the lens of human development is a theoretical justification for the philosophy of Servant-leadership. Introductory assumptions and clarifications on transforming leadership, the crisis of leadership, a deeper view of Greenleaf’s motive for serving-first, and a natural resistance to Servant-leadership are addressed. Finally, a creative exploration of the motive for serving-first is presented.
Improving the Breadth of the Host’s Immune Response to Lassa Virus

In 2017, the global Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness (CEPI) declared Lassa virus disease to be one of the world’s foremost biothreats. In January 2018, World Health Organization experts met to address the Lassa biothreat. It was commonly recognized that the diversity of Lassa virus (LASV) isolated from West African patient samples was far greater than that of the Ebola isolates from the West African epidemic of 2013–2016. Thus, vaccines produced against Lassa virus disease face the added challenge that they must be broadly-protective against a wide variety of LASV. In this review, we discuss what is known about the immune response to Lassa infection. We also discuss the approaches used to make broadly-protective influenza vaccines and how they could be applied to developing broad vaccine coverage against LASV disease. Recent advances in AIDS research are also potentially applicable to the design of broadly-protective medical countermeasures against LASV disease.
Teamwork and Motivation to Leave the Teaching Profession: An Exploratory Study:

This study has two goals: (a) to assess the contributions of teamwork and demographics to teachers’ motivation to leave the profession and (b) to identify the actions teachers believe they and thei...
Translation as Rewriting: Cultural Theoretical Appraisal of Shakespeare’s "Macbeth" in the Ewe language of West Africa

The cultural turn in translation theory brought attention to the idea that translation is not a purely linguistic phenomenon but one that is also constrained by culture. The cultural turn considers translation as a rewriting of an original text. In this paper, I attempt to find reflections of the cultural turn in a translation into an African language. As such, the paper reads William Shakespeare’s Macbeth in the Ewe language of West Africa, Shakespeare ʄe Makbet, as rewriting. Walter Blege is the translator and the Bureau of Ghana Languages is the publisher of the target text meant for Ewe language audience in Ghana. The target text is for learning and acquiring the Ewe language especially in the area of developing reading comprehension skills. Following Andre Lefevere and Jeremy Munday, this paper suggests that Shakespeare ʄe Makbet is a rewritten text as it follows some cultural constraints in its translation. The study provides insight into the motivations for some of the translator/rewriter’s choices. Given the less attention paid to the Ewe language and many other African languages, the paper proposes translation as a socio-psychological tool for revitalizing interest in the learning and acquisition of African and other lesser-known languages.