cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extracellular glucose dependence of rhodopsin regeneration in the excised mouse eye.

Abstract To study the process of rhodopsin regeneration a superfused excised whole eye preparation of the albino mouse was developed. With this preparation, complete regeneration could be observed after each of the first two illuminations (bleaching 15–20%), and incomplete regeneration after a third illumination. Regeneration was minimal at extracellular glucose concentrations of 0 or 1 m m with improved regenerations at higher concentrations. Maximum regenerations were observed at glucose concentrations of 4–10 m m . First-bleach regenerations were as follows: 0 m m glucose, 20%; 1 m m , 8%; 2 m m , 45%; 3 m m , 82%; 4 m m , 115%; 5·1 m m , 121%; 7 m m , 120%; and 10 m m , 126%. The effects of reduced glucose were reversible. After an initial bleach with 0 or 1 m m extracellular glucose that exhibited minimal regeneration, the re-addition of glucose (5·1 m m ) restored the ability of the eye to regenerate rhodopsin following a second bleach, but only to the level prior to that bleach. Mitochondrial substrates fumarate (10 m m ) or pyruvate (10 m m ) partly substituted for glucose, exhibiting first-bleach regenerations of 56 and 85%, respectively.
An Exploration of Congruence in the Community Service Use Attitudes of Older Spousal Caregiver–Care Recipient Dyads

ABSTRACT This study explored within-dyadic congruence in community service use attitudes of older spousal caregiver–care recipient couples. Primary data collection consisted of in-person, standardized survey interviews with 30 caregiver–care recipient pairs. The study employed the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to examine within-dyadic similarities on caregivers' and care recipients' responses to 29 items from the Community Service Attitude Inventory (CSAI). To measure the degree of match between caregiver and care recipient pairs, ICCs were calculated for each dyad (n = 30) and ranged from −.26 to .84, indicating variation in the degree to which caregivers and care recipients displayed congruence on community service use attitude scores. The distribution of the Index of Dyadic Similarity was highly negatively skewed (skewness = −2.159), indicating overall patterns of similarity at the dyadic level of analysis. Service use preferences and values across the seven attitudinal domains (confidence i...
Input impedance matching optimization for adaptive low-power low-noise amplifiers

Portable and implantable devices with wireless connectivity generate a high demand for low-power RF circuits. Biasing transistors in the subthreshold region allows significant reduction of power consumption, but calls for effective design techniques to minimize performance tradeoffs. This paper addresses one of the challenges associated with subthreshold RF low-noise amplifier (LNA) design: The input impedance of the ubiquitous CMOS inductor-degenerated common-source LNA operated in the subthreshold region is analyzed. By taking the increased impact of larger parasitic capacitances in the subthreshold region into account, the proposed input impedance equations provide more precise S11 prediction than the conventional approximation. In addition, a tuning method for the LNA's input impedance is presented to guarantee matching in the presence of manufacturing process variations. This tuning is implemented with a programmable capacitance to allow for digitally-assisted calibration. A 2.4 GHz LNA was designed in 0.18 μm CMOS technology and post-layout simulations were performed with device corner models across temperature and supply voltages variations. With these variations and ±15 % source/gate inductor tolerance, the simulated S11 (<?16 dB) of the tunable LNA is at least 8.5 dB better than for the identical reference design without tuning, while minimally affecting other performance parameters.
From Middletown to Middletown III: A Critical Review

The two books and over a dozen articles that have come out of the recent Middletown III Project point to the relative lack of social change in Middletown during the fifty years since the Lynds' initial study. What the authors do not note is the extensive change in their view of social science from that of the Lynds. InMiddletown and throughout his career, Robert Lynd criticized the materialism of American culture and demanded that social science play an active role in the creation of a better society. Theodore Caplow and his Middletown III associates, on the other hand, avoid questions about the quality of life and generally praise the community's social institutions. Indeed, their conclusions, especially in their books, are often more complimentary than their own results warrant. The authors of Middletown III have accepted the people of Middletown at their own estimation. In so doing, they have abandoned the Lynds' perspective of the outside, critical observer and joined the chorus of self-satisfied Middletowners. Such a viewpoint represents a crucial shift in the perspective of American social science.
Identifiability conditions for covariate effects model on survival times under informative censoring

Abstract We provide the identifiability conditions for the covariate effects modeling of bivariate survival data when one survival time is dependently censored by the other survival time. The covariate effects are specified through three components of the copula decomposition. Many commonly used copula families are shown to satisfy the identifiable condition. A condition for causal interpretation is also provided.
Component-based simulation environments: JSIM as a case study using Java beans

Component-based software can be used to develop highly modular simulation environments supporting high reusability of software components. This paper examines a case study in which JSIM, a Java-based simulation environment, is extended using Java Beans technology. This allows simulation models to be treated as components that can be dynamically assembled to build more complex models. It also allows simulation inputs and outputs to be dynamically linked to database systems.
Electrochemical preparation and adsorption on mercury of some ruthenium complexes of the type rans-Ru(NH3)4(NCS)L+ and trans-Ru(NH3)4(NCS)LRuedta (L=4-vinylpyridine)

Abstract The synthesis of a new diruthenium complex and its adsorption on mercury are described. One ruthenium center was designed to adsorb on the electrode in such a way that the other center would be held at a fixed distance from the electrode surface. Unfortunately this objective was thwarted because both ruthenium centers appeared to be adsorbed to approximately equal extents and too weakly for convenient electrode kinetic studies.
Resident Perceptions of Tourist Attractions on the Gold Coast of Australia

Personal construct theory was used to identify resident perceptions of 12 elicited tourist attractions on the Gold Coast of Australia. A cluster analysis of these residents revealed nature-biased (45%), unenthusiastic (40%), hinter-land hesitant (8%), and enthusiastic (7%) groupings, with significant differences occurring in gender, length of residence, and age. The finding that tourist attractions positively influence residents’ quality of life despite the assessment of built attractions as commercialized, touristy, expensive, and noisy/hectic may owe to the status of the Gold Coast as a tourism city. Tourism overall is perceived less positively than its constituent attractions, which may reflect the relatively less positive perceptions of one attraction in particular, Surf-ers Paradise. Revitalization of this iconic tourism district may therefore improve overall attitudes toward tourism among residents.
Extinction theorem, boundary conditions and dispersion equations in bounded gyrotropic media

Abstract We obtain the Extinction Theorem, Boundary Conditions (“abc”) and dispersion equations for circularly polarized wave propagation in bounded gyrotropic media using the integral equation method of Ewald and Oseen. The normal incidence of a plane polarized electromagnetic wave on a plane surface is analyzed.
Hybrid cotton pollination in relation to accumulated degree days

Although the native and honey bee visitation level was adequate throughout each DD period, linear regression analyses indicate that coefficients of determination (r 2 ) were low for (i) percent boll set and number of bees (native and honey bees), and (ii) number of seeds per boll and mean number of bees (native and honey bees). Pollination during the earlier DD periods resulted in higher percent germination, larger number of seeds per boll, and higher seed weight than seeds resulting from pollination during the latter bloom periods. We conclude that with proper honey bee management and pollination timing, the quality of hybrid seed produced will be improved by using only that from the first half of the bloom period
COMPUTATION OF KINETIC CONSTANTS FROM SINGLE-PULSE SHOCK TUBE DATA

References 1 Stanisic, M. M., "Free vibration of a rectangular plate with damping considered/' Quart. Appl. Math. XII, 361-367 (1955). 2 Hearmon, R. F. S., "The frequency of flexural vibration of rectangular orthotropic plates with clamped or supported edges," J. Appl. Mech., Trans. Am. Soc. Mech. Engrs. 26E, 537-540 (1959). 3 Huffington, N. J., Jr. and Hoppmann, W. H., II, "On the transverse vibrations of rectangular orthotropic plates/' J. Appl. Mech., Trans. Am. Soc. Mech. Engrs. 25E, 389-395 (1958). 4 Prescott, J., Applied Elasticity (Longmans, Green and Co., London, 1924), Isted., pp. 597-598.
Comparative Morphology of Four Genera of Trypanosomatidae

SYNOPSIS. The morphology of 4 genera of the family Trypanosomatidae has been studied with particular reference to the contractile vacuole, reservoir, flagellum, undulating membrane, kinetoplast, and nucleus. Both the contractile vacuole and reservoir have been found in all species examined. Four morphological types of culture forms are described with special reference to these structures: (1), the Crithidia fasciculata type which is short and membraneless with a rounded posterior end, truncate anterior end and a well developed reservoir; (2) the Herpetomonas muscarum type with no undulating membrane, a truncate posterior end, a rounded anterior end and a reservoir which varies in length from about 1/6 of the length of the body to the full length of the body; (3) the Leishmania type with no undulating membrane, a pointed posterior end, an asymmetrical anterior end and a short reservoir which remains constant in size; and (4), the short-membraned type exemplified by Trypanosoma cruzi, with a pointed posterior end, a short reservoir near the middle of the body and the flagellum attached to the body along a portion of its length. This last form is derived from the blood stream morphology as exemplified by Trypanosoma lewisi in the rat by a shifting of the kinetoplast, flagellum, reservoir and contractile vacuole along the surface of the body from a position posterior to a position anterior to the nucleus.
Indoor Experiments of Real-Time MU-MIMO with CSI Feedback Scheme for Wireless LAN Systems

This paper presents indoor experimental results on an implemented real-time downlink multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (DL-MU-MIMO) transceiver with a channel state information (CSI) feedback scheme for next generation wireless LAN systems. Estimated CSI is used at the access point (AP) transmitter to calculate transmit beamforming weight for DL-MU-MIMO transmission. A CSI compression scheme using discrete cosine transform (DCT) is proposed to reduce CSI feedback overhead. The transceiver performance is demonstrated and indoor experiments clarify that it is a feasible tool for real-time signal processing that improves system throughput over that of transceiver without a CSI compression scheme with simple digital signal processing of single-antenna stations (STAs).
Business Students' Feelings about the Academy and Themselves: An Informal Look

Szrmmary.-A Business WeeklHarris poll of executives and graduate students, as to their feelings about business schools and their graduates, was replicated among 600 of 833 entering first-year baccalaureates. The results imply that undergraduate opinions are more attuned to those of graduate students than to those of executives, lending further support to the existence of some divergence of thinking between business practitioners and learners. A recent edition of Business Week reports on the results of a Business WeeklHarris poll of executives and graduate students whose feelings about business schools and their graduates were examined (1). To gather some insight as to how entering first-year baccalaureate students might feel on these same issues, an informal inquiry was conducted in the fall of 1990 at a large business school in the Northeast. METHOD
Predictors of Behavior and Level of Life Satisfaction of Children and Adolescents After a Major Tornado

ABSTRACT Data were collected on students in Grades 3 to 12 regarding their reactions to a major F4 tornado, which caused damage to their town in southern Minnesota. The purpose of this study was to examine some of the factors (i.e., level of exposure to the disaster, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and home relocation) that may help predict behavioral problems and life satisfaction after a major tornado. The disruption of relocating to a new home after the tornado was associated with higher levels of internalizing behavior problems for children in Grades 3 to 6 and higher levels of externalizing behavior problems for adolescents in Grades 7 to 12. Increased exposure to the tornado was significantly associated with high levels of life satisfaction. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.
Second-order sonochemical phenomena--extensions of previous work and applications in industrial processing

Abstract The first-order properties of acoustic waves (i.e., the to and fro particle displacement and velocity) can produce a number of second-order phenomena: cavitation, acoustic streaming, surface instability and radiation pressure. The dependence of cavitation induced phenomena (erosion, luminescense, chemical reactions) on the physical and acoustical parameters of a system are discussed. Some of the past work carried out in this field is analyzed and reinterpreted. In the light of this, it appears that the extent of the solubility of a gas has a pronounced effect on cavitation related phenomena in addition to the effect of other variables such as the ambient liquid temperature, the hydrostatic pressure, the specific heat ratio, the thermal conductivity of dissolved gas and the intensity and frequency of acoustic field. A summary of the application of sonic and ultrasonic energy to industrial processing operations is also provided. This discussion includes how the other second-order effects (e.g., interfacial instability) are related to the enhancement of these operations. The wide variety of processes in which the applications of acoustic energy has a beneficial effect suggests the versatility and broad commercial potential of sonochemical engineering.
Interpreting Orthogonal Triple-Wire Data From Very High Turbulence Flows

For turbulence intensities of up to 30 percent, an orthogonal triple-wire probe can be used to make accurate measurements of the instantaneous velocity vector. Above this limit difficulties arise in the interpretation of the data due to the problem described as rectification. This paper presents a means by which data from an orthogonal triple-wire probe may be interpreted for single point measurements in Gaussian turbulence with intensity up to 50 percent resulting in unbiased estimates of the velocity mean vector, Reynolds stress tensor, and time correlation coefficients.
Motives to Seek Threatened and Endangered Species Information for Land-Use Decisions:

A survey based on the theory of planned behavior was administered to land-use decision makers in south Florida to examine motivation to use scientific information about threatened and endangered species for planning and regulation. Past behavior, attitude toward act, and social norms predicted 42 percent of the variance in intention to seek information such as the Multi-species Recovery Plan. Past behavior may be an important determinant for information-seeking behavior, and social norms may be particularly relevant for decision makers. Perceived behavior control may not be as relevant when past behavior levels are relatively low.
A Report Card On The Freshman Class Of Consumer-Directed Health Plans

We used a series of case studies of first-generation consumer-directed health plans to investigate their early experience and the suitability of their design for reducing the growth in health benefit spending and improving the value of that spending. We found three fundamental but correctible weaknesses: Most plans do not make available comparative measures of quality and longitudinal cost-efficiency in enough detail to help consumers discern higher-value health care options; financial incentives for consumers are weak and insensitive to differences in value among the selections that consumers make; and none of the plans made cost-sharing adjustments to preserve freedom of choice for low-income consumers.
Does ductal lavage assert its role as a noninvasive diagnostic modality to identify women at low risk of breast cancer development

OBJECTIVE Ductal lavage (DL) involves evaluation of the ductal system of the breast for detection of intra-ductal carcinomas and precursor lesions by collecting breast epithelial cells using a small-gauge catheter inserted into a ductal orifice on the nipple. The aim of this survey was to analyze cytologic features of samples obtained from low-risk women with DL and to elucidate the efficacy of this diagnostic modality in evaluating fluid production, cannulating and determining atypical breast epithelial cells. METHODS Into this prospective study were consecutively registered 80 women between ages 28 to 67. Nipple aspiration was performed to identify all fluid-yielding ducts. According to the grading of specific features the interpretation of the sample included: normal/benign (category, 0), mild atypical (category, I), markedly atypical (category, II) or malignant (category, III) disorders. RESULTS Ninety five percent (316/334) of the nipple aspirate fluid samples were classified as category 0, 4.8% (16/334) as category I and 0.2% (2/334) as category II changes. Category III disorders were not detected. Therefore, in 80% of the women examined results were within normal limits while 17.5% of the participants presented mild atypical and 2.5% markedly atypical rates. CONCLUSION DL collection procedure proved to be rapid as well as acceptable by the women studied. It retains the advantage over other methods of nipple aspirate fluid in that it is easy to perform, thereby removing most clinician variability. It also helped low risk women to discriminate those with breast disorders that require additional investigation, further follow-up or administration of preventive medication.
Measuring How Administration Shapes Citizenship: A Policy Feedback Perspective on Performance Management

Governments increasingly require administrators to develop outcome measurements that refl ect a program’s impact on society. But standard approaches to performance measurement have neglected the impact on citizenship outcomes — the individual civic capacities and dispositions and social bonds of civic reciprocity and trust. Th e concept is adapted from the growing policy feedback literature in political science, which off ers strong empirical evidence that certain policies have measurable eff ects on citizenship outcomes such as political participation, social capital, a sense of civic belonging, and self-worth as a citizen. Using the Program Assessment Rating Tool as an example, the authors demonstrate the failure of performance assessments to consider the civic implications of public policies. Th ey argue that performance management systems should focus on citizenship outcomes and off er a series of suggestions on how to measure such outcomes.
PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS, COPING, AND DEVELOPMENT OF HISPANIC IMMIGRANT CHILDREN*

ABSTRACT This paper explores the forms of experience associated with immigration and settlement that are likely to influence the course of adaptation, adjustment, and development of Hispanic immigrant children. Several lines of research and theory on psychosocial stress, coping, and development were reviewed and examined for their relevance to understanding the adjustment of immigrants. An evolving theoretical framework was elaborated and some testable hypotheses derived. The principal aims of this paper are: (1) to add some measure of conceptual clarity to the topic; (2) to stimulate further research; and (3) to raise the consciousness level of applied professionals and policymakers. The topic reflects a fundamental element of the U.S.'s character: the effective incorporation of new arrivals into the ongoing social order. The model postulates the presence of variables antedating immigration and moderator or mediating variables between the stresses surrounding immigration and settlement and the child's adaptation, development, and adjustment over time. These variables include characteristics of the community of origin, the background of the child and family, and conditions and processes in the country of entrance. The model brings forth the necessity of considering the point in the person's lifecycle at which immigration takes place. (Contains 1 figure, a diagram of the model, and 113 references.) (SLD)
Group B Streptococcus Bacteremia Elicits β C Protein-Specific IgMand IgG in Humans

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) beta C protein elicits protective antibodies in experimental animals, making beta C protein an attractive component of a human GBS glycoconjugate vaccine. We determined whether natural exposure to beta C protein elicits antibodies in humans. Geometric mean concentrations (in micrograms per milliliter) of beta C-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were similar in serum from 16 colonized (0.82 and 0.76, respectively) and 48 age-matched noncolonized (0.96 and 0.74, respectively) pregnant women. Serum from 3 women with beta C GBS bacteremia had significantly higher levels of IgM (6.0) and IgG (52.9) (P=.01 and 0.01, respectively). Invasive disease but not colonization elicits beta C-specific IgM and IgG.
A survey of ex vivo/in vitro transduction efficiency of mammalian primary cells and cell lines with Nine natural adeno-associated virus (AAV1-9) and one engineered adeno-associated virus serotype

Background: The ability to deliver a gene of interest into a specific cell type is an essential aspect of biomedical research. Viruses can be a useful tool for this delivery, particularly in difficult to transfect cell types. Adenoassociated virus (AAV) is a useful gene transfer vector because of its ability to mediate efficient gene transduction in numerous dividing and quiescent cell types, without inducing any known pathogenicity. There are now a number of natural for that designed AAV serotypes that each has a differential ability to infect a variety of cell types. Although transduction studies have been completed, the bulk of the studies have been done in vivo, and there has never been a comprehensive study of transduction ex vivo/in vitro. Methods: Each cell type was infected with each serotype at a multiplicity of infection of 100,000 viral genomes/cell and transduction was analyzed by flow cytometry + . Results: We found that AAV1 and AAV6 have the greatest ability to transduce a wide range of cell types, however, for particular cell types, there are specific serotypes that provide optimal transduction. Conclusions: In this work, we describe the transduction efficiency of ten different AAV serotypes in thirty-four different mammalian cell lines and primary cell types. Although these results may not be universal due to numerous factors such as, culture conditions and/ or cell growth rates and cell heterogeneity, these results provide an important and unique resource for investigators who use AAV as an ex vivo gene delivery vector or who work with cells that are difficult to transfect.
African American males and HIV: the challenge of the AIDS epidemic.

wo of the most contributory and laudable qualities of anthropological research are the freedom to look at human behavior in all of its many variations and the ability to draw on established theories from other academic disciplines. These attributes have allowed anthropologists to cast their investigative nets broadly in their efforts to decode human behaviors and their myriad meanings. They have also propelled me to look across disciplines in order to better understand the relationship between HIV/AIDS and African American males' sexual behaviors. A great deal of early research about transmission of HIV used discrete biomedical paradigms, which adhered strictly to a medical or disease-centered model. Recent knowledge leads us to realize that HIV transmission is as intricately tied to social and cultural factors as it is to biological factors. An understanding of the complex relationships among these factors indicates that no research should be done without the inclusion of a biopsychosocial perspective. Because HIV transmission is strongly linked to sexual behaviors, human sexuality must be examined from the perspective of complex sociocultural meanings that are embedded in social and personal relationships. Sexual behaviors in these relationships are conditioned by such factors as social context and cultural identity. This means that we should examine the emic meanings attached to one's choice of sex partners, the physical and social conditions that surround the sex act, and the sexual roles being assumed by the principals during the sex act. My research on African American males and HIV transmission took on deeper meaning when I examined behavior from this biopsychosocial perspective. It was this holistic anthropological perspective, and its interdisciplinary theoretical and methodological perspectives, which inspired me to throw down the gauntlet and offer an appeal and a challenge to my colleagues in anthropology to focus their HIV research in this direction. Whitehead is to be congratulated for picking up the gauntlet and examining African American males' risky sexual behaviors. While he sometimes uses a broad and thickly saturated brush to develop his theories on gender identity, he nevertheless provides readers with many insights into understanding African males' sociocultural meanings about gender
Pattern-based detection of anion pollutants in water with DNA polyfluorophores

Many existing irrigation, industrial and chemical storage sites are currently introducing hazardous anions into groundwater, making the monitoring of such sites a high priority. Detecting and quantifying anions in water samples typically requires complex instrumentation, adding cost and delaying analysis. Here we address these challenges by development of an optical molecular method to detect and discriminate a broad range of anionic contaminants with DNA-based fluorescent sensors. A library of 1296 tetrameric-length oligodeoxyfluorosides (ODFs) composed of metal ligand and fluorescence modulating monomers was constructed with a DNA synthesizer on PEG-polystyrene microbeads. These oligomers on beads were incubated with YIII or ZnII ions to provide affinity and responsiveness to anions. Seventeen anions were screened with the library under an epifluorescence microscope, ultimately yielding eight chemosensors that could discriminate 250 μM solutions of all 17 anions in buffered water using their patterns of response. This sensor set was able to identify two unknown anion samples from ten closely-responding anions and could also function quantitatively, determining unknown concentrations of anions such as cyanide (as low as 1 mM) and selenate (as low as 50 μM). Further studies with calibration curves established detection limits of selected anions including thiocyanate (detection limit ∼300 μM) and arsenate (∼800 μM). The results demonstrate DNA-like fluorescent chemosensors as versatile tools for optically analyzing environmentally hazardous anions in aqueous environments.
The Role of Psychological Distance in the Formation of Fairness Judgments

The present study examined how communication format, specifically computer-mediated communication vs. face-to-face communication, affected distributive and procedural fairness judgments. Specifically, it was expected that procedural information would have a stronger influence on fairness judgments in face-to-face communication than in computer-mediated communication. This hypothesis was not, however, supported by a significant Mode of Communication × Procedure interaction. We also hypothesized that face-to-face communication, compared with computer-mediated communication, would increase the impact of the distributive information on fairness judgments. As predicted, this hypothesis was supported by a significant Mode of Communication × Outcome interaction. The processes potentially mediating these differences, including psychological distance and evaluation apprehension, are discussed.
Comparison of Approaches to Service Deployment

IT today is driven by the trend of increasing scale and complexity. Utility and grid computing models, PlanetLab, and traditional data centers, are reaching the scale of thousands of computers. Installed software consists of dozens of interdependent applications and services. As the complexity and scale of these systems continues to grow, it becomes increasingly difficult to administer and manage them. At the same time, the service deployment technologies are still based on scripts and configuration files with minimal ability to express dependencies, to document and to verify configurations. This results in hard-to-use and erroneous system configurations. Language- and model-based tools, such as SmartFrog and Radio, are proposed for addressing these deployment challenges, but it is unclear whether they are beneficial over traditional solutions. In this paper, we quantitatively compare manual, script-, language-, and model-based deployment solutions as a function of scale, complexity, and susceptibility to change. We also qualitatively compare them in terms of expressiveness and barrier to first use. We demonstrate that script-based solutions are well matched for large scale deployments, language-based for services of large complexity, and model-based for dynamic changes to the design. Finally, we offer a table summarizing rules of thumb regarding which solution to use in which case, subject to deployment needs
Combined Src and aromatase inhibition impairs human breast cancer growth in vivo and bypass pathways are activated in AZD0530-resistant tumors

Purpose: Antiestrogens are used to treat estrogen receptor (ER)-α-positive breast cancers and cause a p27-dependent G 1 arrest. Estrogen-bound ER recruits Src to mediate proteolysis of p27 and drive cell proliferation. Here, we tested the antitumor efficacy of combined Src and aromatase inhibition for ER-positive breast cancer. Experimental Design: Antiproliferative effects of the aromatase inhibitor, anastrozole, and Src inhibitor, AZD0530, alone or in combination were tested in vitro and in vivo on aromatase-transfected MCF-7Arom5 xenografts. Xenografts were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and proteomic analysis to identify potential biomarkers of drug response and resistance. Results: AZD0530 and anastrozole together increased p27 and caused greater G 1 cell cycle arrest than either drug alone. AZD0530 monotherapy initially retarded xenograft growth in vivo , but drug resistance rapidly emerged. Combined anastrozole/AZD0530 reduced drug resistance and showed greater antitumor efficacy in vivo with greater Src and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition and a greater increase in p27 and reduction of Ki-67 than either drug alone, supporting further evaluation of these putative predictors of response to combined Src/aromatase inhibition in vivo . Anastrozole alone stimulated Src activity both in vitro and in vivo . AZD0530-resistant tumors showed activation of bypass pathways including MEK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin, raising the possibility that MEK, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), or PI3K inhibitors may augment Src inhibitor efficacy. Conclusions: These data support clinical investigation of anastrozole-AZD0530 therapy for postmenopausal ER-positive breast cancer. Loss of p27 and increased Ki-67 may predict response and further clinical studies should evaluate for activation of bypass pathways including MEK and PI3K pathways during Src inhibitor therapy.
Electron-Beam-Induced Damage in Self-Assembled Monolayers

Highly organized monolayers formed from the self-assembly of octadecyl derivatives on oxide-covered Si and Ti substrates have been exposed to electron beam impact under typical conditions used in lithographic patterning. A combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ellipsometry, infrared spectroscopy, and liquid drop contact angle measurements show that the major effect of irradiation is the loss of H, via cleavage of C−H bonds, to form a carbonaceous residue with a surface containing oxygenated functional groups.
The Origin and Character of Hannah Arendt’s Theory of Judgment

Hannah Arendt’s theory of judgment has been the object of considerable interest in the last three decades. Political theorists in particular have hoped to find in her theory of judgment a viable account of how diverse modern societies can sustain a commitment to dialogue in the absence of shared basic principles. A number of scholars, however, have critiqued Arendt’s account of judgment in various ways. This article examines criticisms from Richard Bernstein, Ronald Beiner, George Kateb, Jurgen Habermas, and Linda Zerilli. On the basis of early sources from Arendt’s manuscripts and Denktagebuch that have not been used in these debates, this article contends that Arendt’s position on judgment can be defended against these critics and that her account warrants further exploration.
Socioeconomics of Cloud Standards

This column discusses factors that can lead to the emergence of standards, and explores features that can both limit their initial emergence and accelerate their subsequent uptake. The author describes conditions that tend to lead to monopolies versus the shared development and diversity that push communities toward standards. The main factor that has been limiting the emergence of cloud standards to date has been the rapidly changing nature of the technology, and thus the low degree of technological simplification that can result from making standards-based choices among these technologies that themselves lead to interoperability and consumer choices among providers.
SNS RF system performance and operation

The spallation neutron source (SNS) Linac and accumulator ring utilize 100 radio-frequency (RF) systems for acceleration and bunching of the proton beam. Several different types of gridded tubes and klystrons are operated at 1, 2, 402.5 and 805 MHz, at power levels ranging from a few kilowatts to several megawatts, to drive several types of accelerating cavities, both normal- and super-conducting. The RF systems are standardized, especially in the Linac, to ease operation and maintenance. Phase and amplitude control is achieved with a digital low-level RF (LLRF) control system. The RF systems operate reliably and support production of a high-quality low-loss proton beam. Various modifications and upgrades have been made or are in progress to enhance system reliability and performance. Planning is well underway for a power upgrade that will require an additional 36 RF systems.
Parameter estimation in stochastic chemical kinetic models using derivative free optimization and bootstrapping

Recent years have seen increasing popularity of stochastic chemical kinetic models due to their ability to explain and model several critical biological phenomena. Several developments in high resolution fluorescence microscopy have enabled researchers to obtain protein and mRNA data on the single cell level. The availability of these data along with the knowledge that the system is governed by a stochastic chemical kinetic model leads to the problem of parameter estimation. This paper develops a new method of parameter estimation for stochastic chemical kinetic models. There are three components of the new method. First, we propose a new expression for likelihood of the experimental data. Second, we use sample path optimization along with UOBYQA-Fit, a variant of of Powell's unconstrained optimization by quadratic approximation, for optimization. Third, we use a variant of Efron's percentile bootstrapping method to estimate the confidence regions for the parameter estimates. We apply the parameter estimation method in an RNA dynamics model of E. coli. We test the parameter estimates obtained and the confidence regions in this model. The testing of the parameter estimation method demonstrates the efficiency, reliability, and accuracy of the new method.
Fostering potentiality in persons with mental retardation.

Persons with mental retardation need to be viewed, on a daily basis, as having potentiality. Viewed in this way, programming is never static and opportunities are provided throughout the life cycle for potentiality to emerge. A developmental approach to encourage expression of potentiality is presented.
Cd4+Cd25+ Immune Regulatory Cells Are Required for Induction of Tolerance to Alloantigen via Costimulatory Blockade

Immune regulatory CD4+CD25+ cells play a vital role in the induction and maintenance of self-tolerance and are essential for T cell homeostasis and the prevention of autoimmunity. Induction of tolerance to allogeneic donor grafts is a clinically desirable goal in bone marrow and solid organ transplantation. To determine whether CD4+CD25+ cells regulate T cell responses to alloantigen and are critical for tolerance induction, murine CD4+ T cells were tolerized to alloantigen via ex vivo CD40 ligand (CD40L)/CD40 or CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen 4/B7 blockade resulting in secondary mixed leukocyte reaction hyporesponsiveness and tolerance to alloantigen in vivo. CD4+CD25+ T cells were found to be potent regulators of alloresponses. Depletion of CD4+CD25+ T cells from the CD4+ responder population completely abrogated ex vivo tolerance induction to alloantigen as measured by intact responses to alloantigen restimulation in vitro and in vivo. Addback of CD4+CD25+ T cells to CD4+CD25− cultures restored tolerance induction. These data are the first to indicate that CD4+CD25+ cells are essential for the induction of tolerance to alloantigen and have important implications for tolerance-inducing strategies targeted at T cell costimulatory pathways.
Terabit burst switching

Demand for network bandwidth is growing at unprecedented rates, placing growing demands on switching and transmission technologies. Wavelength division multiplexing will soon make it possible to combine hundreds of gigabit channels on a single fiber. This paper presents an architecture for Burst Switching Systems designed to switch data among WDM links, treating each link as a shared resource rather than just a collection of independent channels. The proposed network architecture separates burst level data and control, allowing major simplifications in the data path in order to facilitate all-optical implementations. To handle short data bursts efficiently, the burst level control mechanisms in burst switching systems must keep track of future resource availability when assigning arriving data bursts to channels or storage locations. The resulting Lookahead Resource Management problems raise new issues and require the invention of completely new types of high speed control mechanisms. This paper introduces these problems and describes approaches to burst level resource management that attempt to strike an appropriate balance between high speed operation and efficiency of resource usage.
Facilitation of electrofusion of plant protoplasts by membrane-active agents

Abstract Protoplasts isolated from a suspension culture of Daucus carota were subjected to electrofusion by means of a combination of dielectrophoresis to align the cells and brief d.c. shocks to induce fusion. The protoplasts were treated with agents known to alter membrane structure and function in order to define the factors that limit electrofusion. Lysophosphatidylcholine, dimethylsulfoxide and calcium chloride enhanced electrofusion; low temperature reduced fusion. However, lysophosphatidylcholine, calcium chloride, and low temperature all decreased membrane fluidity as measured by electron spin resonance spectroscopy of intact carrot protoplasts labeled with 5-doxylstearic acid. These spectra were taken in the presence of Fe(CN) 6 3− and thus largely reflect the fluidity of the plasma membrane. Treating the protoplasts with pronase or proteinase K also facilitated electrofusion. The proteinase K effect was largely reversed by the specific protease inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. Protoplasts labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate-concanavalin A did not exhibit any perceptible capping or clustering of membrane proteins in response to protease treatment. Enhancement of protoplast electrofusion by proteases may be due to improvement of cell-cell contacts through the removal of membrane surface determinants. However, the possibility that proteases enhance electrofusion by causing aggregation of membrane proteins cannot be eliminated.
An evidential model of multisensor decision fusion for force aggregation and classification

This paper describes airborne sensor networks for target detection and identification in military applications. One challenge is how to process and aggregate data from many sensor sources to generate an accurate and timely picture of the battlefield. The majority of research in data fusion has focused primarily on level 1 fusion, e.g., using multisensor data to determine the position, velocity, attributes, and identity of individual targets. In this paper we present a novel approach to military force aggregation and classification using the mathematical theory of evidence and doctrinal templates. Our approach helps commanders understand operational pictures of the battlefield, e.g., enemy force levels and deployment, and make better decisions than adversaries in the battlefield. A simple application of our approach is illustrated in the simulated testbed OTBSAF and RETSINA system.
Centrifuge Modeling of the Effect of Preshaking on the Liquefaction Resistance of Silty Sand Deposits

AbstractField observations suggest that preshaken natural sands in some seismic regions have high liquefaction resistance as a result of geologic aging and/or preshaking. This paper focuses on the young silty sand deposits located in the Imperial Valley of California. Recent deposition and intense seismic activity in the Valley suggest that preshaking is the main cause of their increased liquefaction resistance. The first part of the paper examines the liquefiable layer at the Wildlife site, which may have been deposited by flooding approximately between 1905–1907. The site was instrumented with accelerometers and piezometers in 2005, providing data over the last 10 years. The following conclusions are reached from this and from the catalog information on earthquakes before 2005: (1) Since 1907, the Wildlife layer has been subjected to approximately 60–70 earthquakes having amax≥0.1 g at the site, which caused pore pressure buildup in the layer; (2) most of these earthquakes generated excess pore pressur...
Creating Diverse Product Review Summaries: A Graph Approach

Product reviews play an influential role for the e-commerce websites, as consumers leverage them during the purchase decision process. However, the volume of such reviews can be overwhelming for a web user to comprehend the gist of overall information communicated by other consumers. In this paper, we address the problem of summarizing user contributed product reviews, having certain properties that differentiate them significantly from summarizing of traditional text articles. We propose suitable summarization algorithms that capture useful information with minimum redundancy and maximum information. We present a graph based formulation using a fast and scalable greedy algorithm for the review summarization problem. Our approach provides a rich model that makes certain sentences more rewarding based on their properties, in addition to their relation to the other reviews. We evaluate and show that our proposed algorithm outperforms other state-of-the-art summarization algorithms with significance level of 0.01 using automatic evaluation.
Guest Workers as an Automatic Stabilizer of Cyclical Unemployment in Switzerland and Germany

This paper examines the effect of varying the employment of foreign workers as an economic stabilization device in two highly industrialized West European countries: Germany and Switzerland. Discus...
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Transplantation

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent in the general population and a growing indication for liver transplant. Longer wait times and challenges with pretransplant survivorship are expected, underscoring the need for improved management of attendant comorbidities. Recognition with potential modification of obesity, sarcopenia, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease in patients with NAFLD may have important implications in the pretransplant and posttransplant periods. Although patients with NAFLD have generally favorable postoperative outcomes, they are at risk for developing recurrent disease in their allograft, driving the need for pharmacotherapies and dietary innovations appropriate for use in the posttransplant period.
Detemination of La and Y in Fe Ni Co Basis Superalloy by ICP AES

This paper reports the development of the determination of La,Y in Fe Ni Co basis superalloy by ICP AES.The method is convenient to determine La,Y.It is shown that the method is reliable by the test of precision and accuracy.The results are satisfactory.
NPH Log: Validation of a New Assessment Tool Leading to Earlier Diagnosis of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Introduction: Early treatment of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) yields better postoperative outcomes. Our current tests often fail to detect significant changes at early stages. We developed a new scoring system (LP log score) to determine if this tool is more sensitive in detecting clinical differences than current tests. Material and Methods: Sixty-two consecutive new patients with suspected idiopathic NPH were studied. Secondary, previously treated and obstructive cases were not included. We collected age, pre- and post-lumbar puncture (LP) Tinetti, Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test, European NPH scale, and LP log scores. The LP log score is recorded at baseline and for seven consecutive days after removing 40 cc of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via LP. We studied the diagnostic accuracy of the tests for surgical indication. Results: The post-LP log showed improvement in 90% of people with good baseline gait tests and in 93% of people who did not show any pre-LP and post-LP change in gait tests. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy to detect intention to treat when positive post-LP improvements were 4%, 100%, and 24%, respectively, for TUG, 21%, 86%, and 34%, respectively, for the Tinetti Mobility Test, 66%, 29%, and 58%, respectively, for Medical College of Virginia (MCV) grade, and 98%, 33%, and 85%, respectively, for LP log score. Pre-LP and post-LP TUG improvement and pre-LP and post-LP Tinetti improvement were not associated with a surgical indication (p > 0.05). LP log improvement was associated with surgical indication odds ratio (OR): 24.5 95% CI (2.4-248.12) (p = 0.007). Conclusions: LP log showed better sensitivity, diagnostic accuracy, and association with surgical indication than the current diagnostic approach. An LP log may be useful detecting NPH patients at earlier stages and, therefore, yield better surgical outcomes.