cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Query Transformations for Result Merging

Abstract : This paper describes Carnegie Mellon University's entry at the TREC 2014 Federated Web Search track (FedWeb14). Federated search pipelines typically have two components: (i) resource-selection, and (ii) result-merging. This work documents experiments to modify queries to merge results in the federated-search pipeline. Approaches from previous attempts at solving this problem involved custom query- document similarity scores or rank-combination methods. In this document, we explore how term-dependence models and query expansion strategies influence result-merging.
Response of Transmission Lines in Proximity to a Cylindrical Scatterer

A wire is run very close to the surface of a highly conducting cylinder and parallel to its axis. The cylinder is longer and of much larger radius than the wire. Arbitrary values of impedance are connected between the ends of the wire and the cylinder. One objective of this study is to develop formulas for the currents in the load impedances when the transmission line formed by the wire and its image is driven by the nonuniform field consisting of the superposition of the incident plane-wave field and the backscattered field from the cylinder. A second objective is to obtain formulas for the load currents in the terminating impedances of a transmission-line loop oriented parallel to and in the near-zone field of the cylinder. Coupling to the image two-wire line is taken into account. Since the theory depends fundamentally on the field very close to an unloaded cylindrical receiving antenna of moderate diameter, a portion of the paper is devoted to a short-cut procedure for obtaining expressions for this field which satisfy the boundary conditions. A brief tabulation of integral values required in the theory is supplied.
Non-intrusive measurement of GIS barrier surface charging

Recently obtained results from both on-site measurement and laboratory investigations have conclusively shown that surface charging of insulators in an ac gas insulated substation (GIS) can lead to flashovers. Although it has been recognised that prevention of charge accumulation on insulators is crucial for dc GIS design, many normal operations in an ac GIS result in sections being isolated with standing trapped charges on the busbars. Under such situations, an ac GIS sustains dc stresses just like a dc GIS. This means that insulators in an ac GIS can also suffer from electric charging and the associated problems. This paper offers an outline and some preliminary results of diagnostic techniques based upon detecting electric field flux emanating from unshielded barrier rims.
Scent marking by male golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) I. Effects of odors and social encounters.

Im Band 37, Heft 2, Seite 213, soll der erste Satz des Abstract wie folgt verbessert werden: 8 male golden hamsters were observed two at a time in a plexiglas cage (area roughly 11 sg. ft.) subdivided into 47 connected compartments. 8 malexj golden hamsters were observed two at a time in a plexiglas cage (area roughly 11 sp. ft.) subdivided into 47 connected compartments. Each pair spent 2–3 weeks in this cage, observations lasting 1–2 weeks. Dominance relationships, food hoarding and marking behaviour in this situation are described.
Crystal structure of (4-aminopyridine)bis-1,10-phenanthroline)copper(II) hexafluorophosphate acetone adduct, [Cu(C5H6N2)(C12H8N2)2](PF6)2.C3H6O

Numerous examples of five coordination of Cu(II) are known and have been reviewed by O'Brien (1984) and Hathaway (1982, 1983). The ability of the bis (1, 10-phenanthroline) copper (II) cation to add an additional ligand to make a five coordinate species is well documented. Structures previously reported for Cu(phen)[sub 2] X cations include complexes in which X is a small molecule or ion such as Cl- (Boys et al., 1981), CN- (Anderson, 1975) and H[sub 2]O (Nakai et al., 1975; Nakai et al., 1978) and, more recently, a large heterocycle such as 3,5-dimethyl-pyridine (Jeter et al., 1988). With a small ligand near trigonal bipyramidal geometry seems to prevail, but, with the large heterocylic ligand the geometry approximately a square pyramid. In this work, we report the structure of a second complex with a large heterocylic ligand, 4-aminopyridine.
Non-radial oscillations in rotating giant planets with solid cores: Application to Saturn and its rings

Abstract Recent observations have revealed evidence for the global acoustic oscillations of Jupiter and Saturn. Such oscillations can potentially provide a new window into the interior structure of giant planets. Motivated by these observations, we study the non-radial oscillation modes of giant planets containing a solid core. Our calculations include the elastic response of the core and consider a wide range of possible values of the core shear modulus. While the elasticity of the core only slightly changes the frequencies of acoustic modes (including the f-modes), which reside mostly in the fluid envelope, it adds two new classes of shear modes that are largely confined to the core. We also calculate the effects of the Coriolis force on the planetary oscillation modes. In addition to changing the mode frequencies, the Coriolis force can cause the shear modes to mix with the f-modes. Such mixing occurs when the frequencies of the shear mode and the f-mode are close to each other, and results in “mixed modes” that have similarly large surface displacements and gravitational potential perturbations, but are slightly split in frequency. We discuss our results in light of the recent work by Hedman and Nicholson (Hedman, M., Nicholson, P. [2013]. arXiv:1304.3735), which revealed the presence of density waves in Saturn’s C-ring that appear to be excited by the gravitational perturbations associated with the f-mode oscillations within Saturn. We find that the fine splitting in wave frequencies observed in the rings can in principle be explained by the rotation-induced mixing between core shear modes and f-modes, possibly indicating the presence of a solid core within Saturn. However, in our current calculations, which assume rigid-body rotation and include only first-order rotational effects, significant fine-tuning in the planetary model parameters is needed in order to achieve these mode mixings and to explain the observed fine frequency splitting. We briefly discuss other effects that may modify the f-modes and facilitate mode mixing.
High Spatial Resolution Assessment of the Structure, Composition, and Electronic Properties of Nanowire Arrays

Abstract : We have employed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and analytical electron microscopy to perform preliminary assessment of the structure, composition and electronic properties of nanowire arrays at high spatial resolution. The two systems studied were bismuth and bismuth telluride nanowire arrays in alumina (wire diameters 40nm), both of which are promising for thermoelectric applications. Imaging coupled with diffraction in the TEM was employed to determine the grain size in electrodeposited Bi2Te3 nanowires. In addition, a composition gradient was identified along the wires in a short region near the electrode by energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Electron energy loss spectroscopy combined with energy-filtered imaging in the TEM revealed the excitation energy and spatial variation of plasmons in bismuth nanowire arrays.
siRNA silencing of calumenin enhances functional factor IX production.

To improve production of functional fully γ-carboxylated recombinant human clotting factor IX (r-hFIX), cell lines stably overexpressing r-hFIX have been engineered to also overexpress proteins of the γ-carboxylation system. Here we demonstrate that siRNA silencing of calumenin, an inhibitor of the γ-carboxylation system, enhances production of functional r-hFIX produced by engineered BHK21 cells. The production yield of functional r-hFIX was 80% in engineered cells where calumenin had been silenced 78%. We propose that this high-yield expression system can easily be adapted to overproduce functional forms of all members of the vitamin K–dependent protein family.
In situ measurements of hot-mix asphalt dielectric properties

Abstract Twelve different flexible pavement sections, which comprised different layers/materials, are incorporated in the Virginia Smart Road test facility. These sections provide a good opportunity to explore the feasibility of using ground penetrating radar (GPR) to assess pavements and to verify its practicality. Thirty-one copper plates, serving as a reflecting material, were placed during construction at different layer interfaces throughout the pavement sections. Results show that enough radar energy is reaching the subgrade, but due to low dielectric contrast between some pavement materials, energy is not reflected back. In these cases, the copper plates indicate where the interface between each two layers occurs. Reflections from the copper plates are also used to determine the dielectric constant of pavement materials over the GPR frequency range. This paper presents an overview of the Virginia Smart Road test facility, data obtained from different sections using two GPR systems, and a method to calculate the complex dielectric constant of hot-mix asphalt over the frequency range of 750–1750 MHz using an air-coupled GPR system.
Viscoplastic Analysis of an Experimental Cylindrical Thrust Chamber Liner

A viscoplastic stress-strain analysis of an experimental cylindrical thrust chamber is presented. A viscoelastic constitutive model incorporating a single internal state variable that represents kinematic hardening was employed to investigate whether such a viscoplastic model could predict the experimentally observed behavior of the thrust chamber. Two types of loading cycles were considered: a short cycle of 3.5 sec. duration that corresponded to the experiments, and an extended loading cycle of 485.1 sec. duration that is typical of the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) operating cycle. The analysis qualitatively replicated the deformation behavior of the component as observed in experiments designed to simulate SSME operating conditions. The analysis also showed that the mode and location in the component may depend on the loading cycle. The results indicate that using viscoplastic models for structural analysis can lead to a more realistic life assessment of thrust chambers.
Thermostable and theriviolabile isoforms in commercial orange peel pectinesterase

Thermostable and thermolabile pectinesterase isoforms in commercial Valencia orange peel pectinesterase (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO) were separated by affinity chromatography on a Heparin-Sepharose CL-6B column. Among the seven putative PE isoforms separated, three (P1, P2 and P3 with 70 kDa, 60 kDa and 27 kDa, respectively) were thermostable and four [P4, P5, P6 (35 kDa) and P7 (35 kDa)J were thermolabile, according to the qualitative and quantitative studies of thermal stability. The commercial PE showed 83.4% and 98.3% inactivation after heat treatment at 70C for 5 min and at 90C for I min, respectively. P2 was the most heat stable, with 85. 5% inactivation at 70C for 5 min and 93. 0% inactivation at 90C for 1 min. The thermolabile P6 and P7 could be inactivated at 70C for 5 min or at 90C for 1 min. Thermostable PE activity was 16.6% of total activity of the commercial PE based on heat treatment at 70C for 5 min, but only 1.5% based on heating at 90C for I min. The 90C for 1 min heat treatment might be better than the 70C for 5 min heat treatment to distinguish thermostable PE and thermolabile PE isoforms in Valencia oranges.
Gender Differences in Patients Admitted With Advanced Decompensated Heart Failure

Broad population studies of patients with stable ambulatory heart failure have associated female gender with better age-adjusted survival. This study investigated whether there are gender-specific differences in clinical presentation, response to intensive medical therapy, and outcomes in patients admitted with advanced (cardiac index 2 ) decompensated heart failure (ADHF). We reviewed 278 consecutive patients (age 54 ± 12 years, cardiac index 1.7 ± 0.4 L/kg/m 2 , pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 26 ± 9 mm Hg, serum creatinine 1.4 ± 0.8 mg/dl) with ADHF treated with intensive medical therapy guided by pulmonary artery catheter in a dedicated heart failure intensive care unit from 2000 to 2006. Compared with men (n = 226), women (n = 52) had similar baseline characteristics with the exception of a higher prevalence of nonischemic cause. No differences in medical therapy on admission, during intensive medical therapy, or at discharge were observed. Intensive medical therapy was associated with significant hemodynamic improvement independent of gender. All-cause mortality and heart failure rehospitalization rates were similar between genders. However, adjusted for cause, women with ischemic cardiomyopathy had higher all-cause mortality rates (50% vs 37%, hazard ratio 1.95, 95% confidence interval 0.98 to 3.90, p = 0.05) and those with nonischemic cardiomyopathy had lower all-cause mortality rates (19% vs 40%, hazard ratio 0.40, 95% confidence interval 0.17 to 0.96, p = 0.01) than men. In conclusion, women presenting with ADHF had baseline characteristics and response to therapy similar to men. Overall outcomes were similar between men and women, although subgroup analysis suggested better survival for women with a nonischemic cause.
Low-k interconnect stack with multi-layer air gap and tri-metal-insulator-metal capacitors for 14nm high volume manufacturing

We describe here Intel's 14nm high-performance logic technology interconnects and back end stack featuring 13 metal layers and a tri-metal laminated metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor. For the first time on a logic product in high volume, multiple layers (M4 and M6) incorporate an air gap integration scheme to deliver up to 17% RC benefit. Pitch Division patterning is introduced to deliver high yield capable interconnect layers with a minimum pitch of 52nm.
Cataloguing Names the Old-Fashioned Way

In his News Focus story “Are you ready to become a number?” (27 March, p. [1662][1]), M. Enserink clearly explains the importance of successful name disambiguation in scholarly online databases and the difficulty in achieving it. Moreover, it's refreshing that the scientific community has
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in discretized light-cone field theory

The problem of spontaneous symmetry breaking in scalar field theories quantized on the light cone is considered. Within the framework of "discretized" light-cone field theory, a constrained zero mode of the scalar field, which is necessary for obtaining a consistent dynamics, is responsible for supporting nonzero vacuum expectation values classically. This basic structure is shown to carry over to the quantum theory as well, and the consistency of the formalism is checked in an explicit perturbative calculation in (1+1)-dimensional ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}$ theory.
Sibling association among schooling toad tadpoles: field evidence and implications

Abstract The results of recent laboratory studies suggest that the ability to recognize kin may be a widespread phenomenon among diverse animal groups, but the question of how such recognition abilities influence individuals' behaviour under natural conditions has not always been considered. As an assay for sibling recognition, I measured the sibship composition of experimental schools formed by tadpoles of the American toad (Bufo americanus) in their natural habitat. Sibling cohorts were obtained from amplectant pairs in the laboratory and reared in groups either (1) in separate tanks, apart from non-siblings; or (2) in a common tank, separated from non-siblings by a screen partition across which water could pass. Tadpoles were dye-marked to indicate sibship identity. Pairs of sibling groups were then mixed together in a bucket and released in natural outdoor ponds, where they formed schools. I found significant differences in sibship composition among schools in 79% of all sampling periods; overall, 64% of the schools sampled were significantly biased in favour of one or the other sibship. The formation of sibling schools appears to result from a behavioural recognition mechanism rather than from differential habitat selection. Tadpoles preferentially formed schools with familiar siblings over both familiar and unfamiliar non-siblings, suggesting that sibling discrimination is not based on familiarity alone. Although experience may affect the ontogeny of sibling recognition, sibling preferences are apparently formed early in development, perhaps prior to hatching. Grouped individuals may in some situations increase their inclusive fitness by associating with kin: aposematic advertisement, alarm signalling in response to predators' attacks, and kin-influenced growth regulation are suggested as three specific advantages conferred by the formation of sibling schools.
New methodology of simulating pocket-implanted sub-0.18-μm CMOS

This paper presents a new approach to model the pocket implanted transistors for simulating sub-0.18 micrometer CMOS. The simulation approach presented in the prior publications for pocket implanted transistors has limitations in accurately matching the experimental Vt-rolloff and DIBL characteristics for gate lengths in the sub-0.18 micrometer regime. This is due to the fact that the pocket profile used in the prior simulator does not account for the 2-D boron redistribution effect caused by the source/drain extension implant (MDD). The new model incorporates two-dimensional redistribution of pocket caused by the drain extension implant. There are no additional modeling parameters added for the simulations when compared to the previously published model. The calibrated simulator with the new pocket model shows good agreement with the experimental data for 0.10 - 0.18 micrometer technology transistors.
Vibration characteristics of non-isolated chain saws.

The acceleration power spectra and structural resonance conditions were examined for a non-isolated medium sized chain saw. The results of the tests indicated that vibration at the frequency corresponding to the operating speed of the saw was primarily due to the fundamental shaking forces caused by the unbalanced reciprocating masses of the slider-crank mechanism and the rotating unbalance of the clutch and flywheel of the saw. The vibration response at frequencies corresponding to the harmonics of the fundamental shaking forces was amplified because their frequencies coincided with the structural resonant frequencies of the saw. Many, if not all, of these structural resonant frequencies were excited by the pulses created by the exploding gas—air mixture of the internal combustion engine. The test results indicated that the interaction of the cutting chain and wood during cutting operations contributed little to the overall vibration response of the saw.
Induction Time Course of Cytochromes P450 by Phenobarbital and 3-Methylcholanthrene Pretreatment in Liver Microsomes of Alligator mississippiensis

Abstract Alligator mississippiensis has at least two classes of inducible hepatic microsomal cytochromes P450 (CYP): (1) those induced by 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), and (2) those induced by phenobarbital (PB). The rates of induction by these xenobiotic compounds are significantly slower than those reported for mammals. Carbon monoxide binding, western blots, and enzymatic activity measurements indicated that at least 48–72 hr are required to reach full induction. A methoxy-, ethoxy-, pentoxy-, and benzyloxyphenoxazone (resorufin) O-dealkylation (MROD, EROD, PROD, and BROD) profile was indicative of substrate selectivity typical of 3MC- and PB-induced P450s. MROD and BROD showed the greatest ability to discriminate between alligator hepatic microsomes induced by 3MC and PB, respectively. This is in contrast to mammals, in which EROD is a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure because of its ability to discriminate the induction of CYP 1A. In a similar manner, PROD is a highly preferred activity of CYP 2B in mammals; thus, it is used to indicate CYP 2B induction. The induction of P450 by PB is a general phenomenon in mammals and birds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating PB induction of P450 activities typical of the mammalian CYP 2 family isoforms in alligator or any reptilian liver. The importance of this finding to the evolution of CYP 2 family regulation by PB is heightened by the fact that induction by this xenobiotic is not common to fish and other lower vertebrates (Ertl RP and Winston GW, Comp Biochem Physiol, in press). Although indicating the presence of CYP 1A- and CYP 2B-like isoforms in alligator, it remains to be established how closely related these alligator P450s are to mammalian isoforms.
Incorporation of Resistance?: Towards an Analysis of Women's Responses to Sexual Oppression in Sport

A feminist critique of sport in the cultural studies tradition is argued for in this paper. As a first step the paper examines the ideological positions adopted in existing research on gender issues in sport. This analysis identifies the ways in which different kinds of research accommodates to, and is incorporated within or challenges masculinist definitions of sport. The assumption is that by understanding the dynamics of different strategies to male defined sport and their consequences, it may be possible to challenge the orthodoxy and develop anti oppressive sporting practices and structures.
The concept of stable strategic time periods in strategic group research

This paper briefly reviews previous research on strategic groups and concludes that the concept needs further refinement. In particular, strategic grouping studies have typically ignored the influence of time on competitive strategy and have assumed homogeneity in strategic behavior over the time period researched. Therefore, a general analytical method is proposed in order to identify time periods of similarity in strategic behavior—so-called stable strategic time periods. It is argued that following the identification of stable strategic time periods meaningful strategic groupings of companies within industries can be derived and further analysis of the dynamics of strategic group shifts can be performed.
CAREGIVING AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

Although they have much in common with other caregivers of the aged, Alzheimer's caregivers represent a distinct subset of the population and are most often treated as a separate group within the literature. The literature on family members who care for persons with Alzheimer's disease is reviewed to provide a framework for classroom presentation. A brief outline of the biological, clinical, and demographic aspects of the disease is followed by a discussion of current research evidence on caregiving for Alzheimer's. Finally, issues for research and public policy are raised to demonstrate that Alzheimer's caregiving is an important educational topic for students, whether at the personal, professional, or societal level.
Carbohydrate and glycoprotein inhibitors of naturally occurring and induced agglutinins in the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris

Abstract 1. 1. Agglutinins in the coelomic fluid of Lumbricus terrestris are inhibited by a number of glycoproteins and polysaccharides. Naturally occurring agglutinins are inhibited most strongly by bovine submaxillary mucin and fetuin, and induced agglutinins by thyroglobulin, bovine submaxillary mucin, hyaluronic acid and fetuin. 2. 2. The only simple sugar to be specifically inhibitory was 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate, a monosaccharide found in bacteria. 3. 3. Desialation of erythrocytes resulted in increased agglutination titers, possibly by allowing easier access of agglutinins to underlying carbohydrates. 4. 4. Positively charged substances reduced agglutination in proportion to their strength of charge, probably a non-specific effect. 5. 5. Inhibitor data suggest that the combining site of Lumbricus agglutinins may normally accommodate several sugars.
Dual function transcripts specifying tRNA and mRNA

A cluster of four tRNA genes in Escherichia coli is co-transcribed with an adjacent gene encoding elongation factor Tu. The resultant transcript that specifies both structural (tRNA) and informational (mRNA) RNA may not be an uncommon occurrence and has interesting regulatory implications.
D- and l-Amphetamine differentially mediates self-stimulation in rat dorsal midbrain area☆

Abstract Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) response rates elicited from the dorsal noradrenergic bundle are enchanced by d-amphetamine but not by l-amphetamine, suggesting noradrenergic mediation. Both isomers equally enhance ICSS response rates elicited from the mid-ventral periaqueductal area (the oculomotor nuclei, the interstitial nuclei, the dorsal raphe nuclei, and the medial longitudinal fasciculus), suggesting dopaminergic mediation.
Methods of Pain Control: Review of Research and Literature

This article reviews methods of pain control to help the nurse gain an awareness of various interventions suggested by research. An overview of the neurophysiology of pain and the gate-control theory of pain are presented. Considered are such interventions as medications, stimulation of the brain, cutaneous stimulation, stress-induced analgesia, vaginal stimulation-produced analgesia, acupuncture and acupressure, hypnosis, placebos, imagery, behavior modification, biofeedback, distraction and relaxation. Individualization of the nursing caw plan is encouraged to include patients as active participants who suggest alternative methods of pain control that they have found effective.
The intrauterine heartbeat: A potent reinforcer for newborns

Intrauterine hwxtbeot sounds effectively reinforced human newborns’ responding in on operant learning task. Reinforcing only those sucking bursts that followed short intervals since the lost burst increased the relative frequency of short intervals, and reinforcing only those long intervals occurring between bursts increased the frequency of long ones. These results support the evidence suggesting that in-utero auditory experience affects postnotol behavior in humans. neonates auditory perception prenatal experience maternal heortbeot learning
Microwave conductivity of d -wave superconductors with extended impurities

We investigate the influence of extended scatterers on the finite temperature and finite frequency microwave conductivity of $d$-wave superconductors. For this purpose we generalize a previous treatment by Durst and Lee, which is based on a nodal approximation of the quasiparticle excitations and scattering processes, and apply it to the analysis of experimental spectra of YBCO-123 and BSCCO-2212. For YBCO, we find that accounting for a slight spatial extension of the strong scattering in-plane defects improves the fit of the low temperature microwave conductivity to experiment. With respect to BSCCO we conclude that it is necessary to include a large concentration of weak-to-intermediate strength extended scatterers, which we attribute to the out-of plane disorder introduced by doping. These findings for BSCCO are consistent with similar analyses of the normal state ARPES spectra and of STM spectra in the superconducting state, where an enhanced forward scattering has been inferred as well.
A Linear Analysis of the Transition Curve for the Baroclinic Annulus.

A primitive equation linear model is shown to be capable of quantitatively predicting the neutral curve for a baroclinic annulus. Flows unstable to small nonaxisymmetric perturbations are assumed to lie on the nonaxisymmetric side of a transition curve, while the stable flows are on the axisymmetric side. The stability in the presence of perturbations is tested with linearized hydrostatic primitive equations. Attention is given to the fastest growing eigenmodes, demonstrating that the linear and nonlinear wave have similar structures at a particular point in the nonaxisymmetric regime. All the waves are similar to the Eddy wave except at the extreme to the transition curve, where the waves maintain little structure with height. The eddy kinetic energy is baroclinic with a potential energy suppresed by the large static stability of the basic state. Eddy dissipation is noted to be significant near all boundaries.
Id1, Id2, and Id3 gene expression in neural cells during development

Id1, Id2, and Id3 mRNA are expressed mainly in the proliferating ependymal cell zone of the mouse brain during embryogenesis. In this study, the expression pattern and cell phenotypes of the Id family mRNA were examined in postnatal and adult rat brain. The expression of Idl and Id3 mRNA in rat brain was observed in the cortex layer 1, corpus callosum, ventricular/subventricular zone (VZ/ SVZ), and the CA1-4 layers of the hippocampus at postnatal day 1 (P1) through P14, whereby it declined at 2 months. In general, the developmental pattern of Idl mRNA coincided with the pattern observed for Id3 mRNA. Similar to Id1 and Id3, Id2 mRNA was highly expressed in the corpus callosum, VZ/SVZ, and the hippocampus. Examination of Id2 mRNA revealed high levels in the cortex and caudate putamen at P1 through P14, whereas a decline was observed in its expression in the adult cortex. In P5 rat cerebellum, all Id mRNA examined were found in the internal granular cell layers; however, at this time point, only Id2 mRNA expression was detected in the differentiating zone of the external granular cell layers, preferentially localizing to adult Purkinje cells. Furthermore, only Id2 mRNA expression in brain was observed in NF+ neurons at P5. Examination of S100alpha+ and GFAP+ astrocytes, revealed the presence of all three mRNAs, whereas the expression of Id2 and Id3 mRNA was absent in 04+ immature oligodendrocytes. These data suggest that the spatial and temporal kinetic patterns during development, as well as cellular specificity, of the Id gene family may play a critical role in neural precursor cell proliferation and cell divergence.
Analysis of passive cooling in a vertical finite channel using a falling liquid film and buoyancy-induced gas-vapor flow

Abstract A fundamental study of the coupled effects of a falling, partially vaporizing liquid film and buoyancy-induced gas-vapor flow in a vertical one-sided heated channel is presented for different film Reynolds numbers, liquid film inlet temperatures, wall heat fluxes and channel spacings. The transient (elliptic) gas-phase transport equations are solved numerically in conjunction with the laminar (parabolic) liquid film equations. The validated computer simulation model is used to depict transient developments of streamlines, gas-phase parameters and interfacial quantities as well as steady-state velocity profiles, temperature profiles and averaged Nusselt number distributions. The present analysis may contribute to the solution of passive cooling problems associated with electronic equipment operations, manufacturing processes, modern nuclear power plant designs and numerous environmental phenomena.
Synthesis and electronic properties of iso-alkyl substituted hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes (HBC’s) from a versatile new HBC synthon, hexakis(4-acetylphenyl)benzene

Abstract Simple syntheses of a variety of soluble hexa- peri -hexabenzocoronenes are accomplished using an easily prepared hexakis (4-acetylphenyl)benzene as a common precursor. The concentration-dependent emissions of various HBC’s in solution indicate that they undergo extensive aggregation despite the presence of bulky (peripheral) isoalkyl and tert -butyl groups. The various planar HBC’s undergo reversible electrochemical oxidations and form stable monomeric cation-radical salts in solution.
Bottom and suspended particle sizes: Implications for modern sediment transport in Quinault submarine canyon

Abstract Electronic particle size analysis of suspended particulate matter and seabed sediments collected over a two-year field study of Quinault Canyon indicates that fine silts (5–9 μm modal diameter) dominate canyon sedimentation. These sediments are markedly finer than the coarse silts (20–40 μm modal diameter) characteristic of shelf sediments at the canyon head. Most of the suspensate delivered to the canyon is derived from the intermediate nepheloid layer (INL) over the slope, which in turn originates from the bottom nepheloid layer (BNL) on the shelf. Current meter data and particle sizes suggest that sediment accumulating in the upper head of the canyon ( m ) is derived directly from the mid-shelf silt deposit. Sediment accumulating in lower portions of the canyon head and in the lower canyon ( >1000 m depth) is apparently resuspended from the outer shelf south of the canyon. Transport is dominantly across-canyon (rather than offshore) in a north-northwesterly direction. Storms strongly influence sediment transport, dramatically increasing suspensate modal sizes in the uppermost portions of the canyon head ( m depth) and over the shelf break. Storms produce less significant changes in particle size distributions on the open slope ( m ) and no apparent changes in the deeper portions of the canyon ( >1000 m ). Rapid settling of >30 μ m particles restricts sand and coarse silt accumulation primarily to the southern portion of the upper canyon head.
SU-E-T-134: Automated Analysis of Leaf Position Accuracy for Multi-Leaf Collimator Quality Assurance

Purpose: The traditional QA method for checking the multi‐leaf collimator (MLC) positional accuracy is to expose a picket‐fence (PF) pattern on a piece of film. Evaluation of the film is often cumbersome or qualitative. We have developed a method that is simpler, more accurate, and capable of analyzing images from both static gantry and rotational gantry (i.e., VMAT) PF tests. Methods: PF tests with static gantry or VMAT delivery were performed on a Varian 21EX linac. The resulting EPID images were analyzed with an in‐house Matlab program. First, the PF lines were detected with a Hough transform algorithm. Then the leaf pairs were identified by fitting the image intensity profile of interleaf leakage with the ideal profile. For each leaf pair, the positions and widths of the PF gaps were computed by fitting the individual gaps with a Lorentzian function. Finally, the VMAT PF was overlaid and compared with the static gantry PF. Results: In the static gantry PF images, the distances between adjacent MLC PFs were <0.1 mm from the expected values. The distances between the MLC PFs and the jaw PF were <0.3 mm from expectation. The maximum angular difference between all PFs was 0.03 degrees. In one occasion the software detected a 0.34 mm gap position error. The corresponding gap width was 0.40 mm smaller than the neighboring gap widths. The misaligned leaf was identified automatically. For the VMAT PF tests, the distances between the VMAT PFs and static gantry PFs were <0.5 mm, while the angular differences were <0.2 degrees. Conclusion: Software was developed to analyze the static gantry and VMAT PF images. The software is sensitive and is able to detect leaf position errors of <0.4 mm. The overall leaf position accuracy is excellent in both static gantry and VMAT delivery.
Urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, a serotonin metabolite, in hypertensive renal-vascular disease.

SummaryThe urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid in patients with malignant hypertension and chronic glomerular nephritis is reported. Low levels were recorded for 3 patients exhibiting the malignant phase of hypertensive cardiovascular disease and in each patient with chronic glomerular nephritis. All patients exhibited extensive renal involvement and 5 of the 6 patients with malignant hypertension had severe arterial lesions. The 2 patients on whom determinations were made after removal of early carcinoid tumors did not show abnormal urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid levels. Recovery studies show that proteinuria does not interfere with the determination of 5HIAA in the urine.
Properties of solar flare acceleration from multiwavelength observations

We present a brief review of some high-energy solar flares for which multiwavelength observations have revealed new properties of solar flare acceleration mechanisms. The observations encompass measurements of radio, optical, X-ray, γ-ray, and high-energy neutron emissions.
Hyperfine interactions and nuclear probes in chemistry: The active interface

A symposium entitled “Hyperfine Interaction and Nuclear Probes in Chemistry” was held in conjunction with the 198 th. National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in Miami Beach, Florida, 12 and 13 September 1989. The four half-day sessions consisted of 15 invited and 4 contributed papers, and allowed numerous opportunities for spirited discussion and information exchange, especially at the informal luncheons and pre-dinner periods, and Miami Beach proved to be a most effective venue for these activities. In the pages to follow are collected a number of the scientific reports presented at this symposium; other contributions will be published elsewhere at the discretion of the author(s).
Combinatorial Pattern Discovery Approach for the Folding Trajectory Analysis of a β-Hairpin

The study of protein folding mechanisms continues to be one of the most challenging problems in computational biology. Currently, the protein folding mechanism is often characterized by calculating the free energy landscape versus various reaction coordinates, such as the fraction of native contacts, the radius of gyration, RMSD from the native structure, and so on. In this paper, we present a combinatorial pattern discovery approach toward understanding the global state changes during the folding process. This is a first step toward an unsupervised (and perhaps eventually automated) approach toward identification of global states. The approach is based on computing biclusters (or patterned clusters)-each cluster is a combination of various reaction coordinates, and its signature pattern facilitates the computation of the Z-score for the cluster. For this discovery process, we present an algorithm of time complexity c in RO((N + nm) log n), where N is the size of the output patterns and (n x m) is the size of the input with n time frames and m reaction coordinates. To date, this is the best time complexity for this problem. We next apply this to a beta-hairpin folding trajectory and demonstrate that this approach extracts crucial information about protein folding intermediate states and mechanism. We make three observations about the approach: (1) The method recovers states previously obtained by visually analyzing free energy surfaces. (2) It also succeeds in extracting meaningful patterns and structures that had been overlooked in previous works, which provides a better understanding of the folding mechanism of the beta-hairpin. These new patterns also interconnect various states in existing free energy surfaces versus different reaction coordinates. (3) The approach does not require calculating the free energy values, yet it offers an analysis comparable to, and sometimes better than, the methods that use free energy landscapes, thus validating the choice of reaction coordinates. (An abstract version of this work was presented at the 2005 Asia Pacific Bioinformatics Conference [1].).
Ceftazidime-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli Bloodstream Infection: A Case-Control and Molecular Epidemiologic Investigation

In a molecular, microbiologic, and case-control study to describe the epidemiology of ceftazidime-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli bloodstream infection, 32 unique isolates were recovered over 31 months from the blood of patients hospitalized in a 900-bed hospital in Chicago. Multivariate analysis revealed cases occurred more frequently in debilitated nursing home patients with central venous catheters than in younger, healthier patients. Mortality rates were similar for cases and controls. Case-patients were less likely to die if they received appropriate antibiotic treatment within 3 days of bacteremia onset (P = .02). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis indicated a polyclonal outbreak, with strain-specific temporal and geographic clustering. Isoelectric focusing results suggested that a predominant enzyme, TEM-10, was responsible for the ceftazidime resistance. The resistance gene was usually carried on a large conjugative plasmid. The polyclonality of the resistant strains suggests that ceftazidime resistance due to TEM-10 is now endemic in Chicago.
Some critical points on the hyperpower function nx=xxx

Much has been written about the arithmetic and geometric series, {nx} and {xn}. Here some of the properties of the sequence of hyperpowers {nx} are studied in the interval (0,1) using the derivatives and the analytical tools such as L'Hopital's rule and Newton's method. The sequence {"x} has two subsequences {Ex} and {°x] depending on whether n is even (E) or odd (O). The former has one relative minimum point (as does the generalized parabola {∗£}). The other subsequence on the other hand {°∗:] has a number of points of inflection, but not relative minimum. The analytical methods are too cumbersome without the aid of computers and perhaps this is the reason why so little work has been done on these functions in the past. Eighteen different properties are mentioned and they can all be verified by students who are familiar with computers.
Changes in caffeine consumption as a signal of pregnancy.

Abstract Objectives : The purpose of this prospective study was to examine caffeine consumption and other signals of early pregnancy. Study Design : One hundred and five pregnant, nonsmoking, coffee drinkers ages 18–40 were enrolled by the ninth week after their last menstrual period (LMP). Participants kept daily diaries of beverage and caffeine consumption and symptoms. Urine samples were collected to assess hormone metabolites. Descriptive statistics were generated. Results : During the first trimester, 96% of subjects decreased or quit drinking coffee, 65% of whom reported a unique aversion to coffee. The mean daily caffeine consumption at LMP from coffee alone was 119 mg (S.D., 105), with a range 1–574 mg. There was a 59% decrease of mean daily consumption of caffeine from coffee between weeks 4 and 6, from 96 to 39 mg. The vast majority of subjects experienced nausea (98%) and appetite loss (93%); vomiting was less prevalent (54%). The most common dietary aversions included meat, coffee, spicy foods, and dairy products. Hormone metabolite patterns are reported. Conclusion : Signals of early pregnancy included an aversion to coffee in addition to nausea and vomiting, which resulted in decreased caffeine consumption. These symptoms often interfered with daily life and lasted beyond the first trimester for many. Consideration should be given that a decrease in caffeine consumption may be a signal for a healthy pregnancy and acting as a confounder.
Experimental realization of optical lumped nanocircuits at infrared wavelengths

Lumped elements such as resistors, capacitors and inductors play a crucial role in electronic circuits. Now, inspired by metamaterials technology, the experimental realization of lumped circuit elements for optical frequencies provides a standardized platform for applications such as mixing and multiplexing of optical signals. The integration of radiofrequency electronic methodologies on micro- as well as nanoscale platforms is crucial for information processing and data-storage technologies1,2,3. In electronics, radiofrequency signals are controlled and manipulated by ‘lumped’ circuit elements, such as resistors, inductors and capacitors. In earlier work4,5, we theoretically proposed that optical nanostructures, when properly designed and judiciously arranged, could behave as nanoscale lumped circuit elements—but at optical frequencies. Here, for the first time we experimentally demonstrate a two-dimensional optical nanocircuit at mid-infrared wavelengths. With the guidance of circuit theory, we design and fabricate arrays of Si3N4 nanorods with specific deep subwavelength cross-sections, quantitatively evaluate their equivalent impedance as lumped circuit elements in the mid-infrared regime, and by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy show that these nanostructures can indeed function as two-dimensional optical lumped circuit elements. We further show that the connections among nanocircuit elements, in particular whether they are in series or in parallel combination, can be controlled by the polarization of impinging optical signals, realizing the notion of ‘stereo-circuitry’ in metatronics—metamaterials-inspired optical circuitry.
Mexican Americans and mental health: A selected review and recommendations for mental health service delivery

Eight working assumptions are generated from the literature in three problem areas and evaluated with recently published quantitative data, paying particular attention to variation within the ethnic group. Assumptions that Mexican Americans have few emotional problems, primarily use a folk medical system, do not rely on clergymen for emotional support, and have negative attitudes toward mental health services are rejected. Two assumptions are qualified: Mexican Americans have some emotional problems at different rates than Anglos and some Mexican subgroups are relatively unaware of mental health services. There is confirmation of the Mexican American extended family support system and mental health policies which variously discourage utilization by Mexican Americans. Implications for mental health service delivery are discussed.
Interactive surface correction based on a local approximation scheme

Abstract The paper presents a new interactive technique for correcting CAD/CAM data containing errors. An algorithm is described that can be used to correct surface data containing undesirable discontinuities (“gaps”/“holes,” and “overlaps”) and intersections among surface patches. Such surface problems commonly arise in the aircraft, automobile, and ship industry and make later processing of the data difficult, if not impossible. The new method provides a tool to correct wrong data requiring minimal user interaction. The input for the scheme can be a set of parametrically defined surfaces (e.g., Bezier, B-spline, or NURBS surfaces) or a set of triangles (or quadrilaterals) discretizing the original geometry. The output is a set of G 0 or G 1 (tangent plane) continuous, bicubic B-spline surfaces approximating the given data. Each of these B-spline surfaces is constructed using just four user-specified boundary curves.
A genome-wide scan to identify loci for smoking rate in the Framingham Heart Study population

Although many years of genetic epidemiological studies have demonstrated that genetics plays a significant role in determining smoking behavior, little information is available on genomic loci or genes affecting nicotine dependence. Several susceptibility chromosomal regions for nicotine dependence have been reported, but few have received independent confirmation. To identify susceptibility loci for nicotine dependence, 313 extended pedigrees selected from the Framingham Heart Study population were analyzed by both the GENEHUNTER and S.A.G.E. programs. After performing linkage analyses on the 313 extended Framingham Heart Study families, the EM Haseman-Elston method implemented in GENEHUNTER provided evidence for significant linkage of smoking rate to chromosome 11 and suggestive linkage to chromosomes 9, 14, and 17. Multipoint sib-pair regression analysis using the SIBPAL program of S.A.G.E. on 1389 sib pairs that were split from the 313 extended families identified suggestive linkage of smoking rate to chromosomes 4, 7, and 17. Of these identified positive regions for nicotine dependence, loci on chromosomes 7, 11, and 17 were identified by both GENEHUNTER and S.A.G.E. programs. Our genome-wide scan results on the Framingham Heart Study data provide evidence for significant linkage of smoking rate to chromosome 11 and suggestive linkage to chromosomes 4, 7, 9, 14, and 17. These findings suggest that some of these regions may harbor susceptibility loci for nicotine dependence, and warrant further investigation in this and other populations.