cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contact strain and folding instability of a multilayered body under compression

The contact strain which develops in a host rock during compression-folding of a more “competent” layer is treated mathematically and demonstrated by tests on composite models of rubber sheets and blocks with different rigidities. The contact strain is found to be negligible outside a zone about one initial wavelength wide on either side of the folded sheet. This theoretical conclusion based upon the contact deformation resulting from the initial small-amplitude buckles is also, according to the experimental tests, valid for rather strong buckling. Second-order folding of a thin “competent” layer laying within the contact zone of a thicker buckled “competent” layer is demonstrated by experimental tests. Considerations of the stresses connected with the contact strain and the stress distribution in the buckling “competent” layer itself give a simple expression for the initial stable wavelength which develops in response to compression parallel to the layering. The strain distribution in folded multilayers consisting of a set of thin “competent” sheets evenly spaced in an uniform less “competent” body is considered theoretically. In such multilayers the stable initial wavelength as developed during compression will, according to the theory, increase somewhat with decreasing spacing between the “competent” layers if all other conditions are equal. If the spacing is close enough (the limit depends upon the relative mechanical properties of the two substances) the multilayer will buckle as an unit in the sense that one half-wave covers the whole length of the body. This agrees with compression tests on multilayered rubber blocks. In the last two sections of the paper a theory of viscous buckling of thick layers is developed both for the case of a single layer enclosed in a large uniform body and for the case of a multilayer of alternating “competent” and “incompetent” layers. In this theory shear parallel to layering plays an important part. For a single embedded layer the thick-layer model gives a little smaller wavelength/thickness ratio than the simple but less realistic thin-layer model. For multilayers strain parallel to layering becomes very significant, particularly when the spacing between the competent layers is small, and the thick-layer model differs considerably from the simpler thin-layer model. A theory of buckling of a multilayer withn alternating competent-incompetent layers sandwiched between two very thick uniform bodies is also developed.
Part I-the effects of pre-dissolved hydrogen on cleavage and grain boundary fracture initiation in metastable beta Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr

The effects of electrochemically pre-dissolved hydrogen on room-temperature fracture initiation in Beta-C titanium (Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr wt pct) have been investigated using circumferentially notched tensile specimens. Finite element-based analysis of notch stress fields was used to define relationships between the local threshold stress for crack initiation vs total internal hydrogen concentration. The as-received, solution heat treated (ST, σy.2 pct=865 MPa) and the ST + peak-aged conditions (STA, σy.2% pct=1260 MPa) were compared after defining the relationships between the fracture process zone hydrogen concentration, hydrogen-metal interactions (i.e., hydrostatic stress field occlusion, trapping, hydriding), and the resulting fracture initiation behavior of each. Solutionized + peak-aged (β+α) Beta-C fractured intergranularly above total hydrogen concentrations of ∼1000 wt ppm. (5.1 at. pct). A fracture mode consistent with cleavage occurred at ∼2100 wt ppm. (10.7 at. pct). Solutionized Beta-C resisted hydrogen-assisted cracking (e.g., did not crack intergranularly) but was not immune; cleavage cracking was provoked at ∼4000 wt ppm. (20.4 at. pct). Coldworked ST Beta-C (CW, σy.2 pct=1107 MPa) did not crack intergranularly; fracture initiation behavior was similar to the ST condition regardless of specimen orientation. This suggests that high yield strength alone does not account for the susceptibility to intergranular cracking observed in the STA β+α condition. Stroke-rate studies and X-ray diffraction investigation of H partitioning suggests that equilibrium hydriding and/or irreversible trapping does not singularly control intergranular fracture initiation of the STA condition. Fractographic evidence and finite element results show that a finite plastic zone exists prior to intergranular fracture of the STA condition. This suggests that a criterion for fracture that incorporates plastic strain and stress should be considered.
GROUP THERAPY FOR PUBESCENT BOYS WITH ABSENT FATHERS

A significant relation between parental deprivation and incidence of emotional illness has been noted in several reports (Dorpat et al., 1965; Greer, 1964; Nichol, 1964; Heckel, 1963; Gardner, 1956; Brown, 1961; Beck et al., 1963). Whereas the effect of maternal deprivation has often been implicated in the development of serious psychopathological states, effects of paternal deprivation have received comparatively little attention (Bowlby, 1951; Spitz and Wolf, 1946; Provence and Ritvo, 1961; Provence and Lipton, 1962; Wheeler, 1956), and treatment has received even less. Gregory (1965) suggested that the identification model provided and the control normally exercised by the parent of the same sex are more crucial in preventing delinquency among children than is any aspect of the relation with the parent of the opposite sex. McCord and associates (1962) noted that boys developed feminineaggressive behavior, accompanied by intense sexual anxiety, if the father had been absent when the child was between the ages of six and twelve years. The father's absence correlated especially well with gang delinquency. In the study by Wylie and Delgado (1959), mothers sought psychiatric help for fatherless boys only in times of crises, under external pressure, usually from schools. The boys were difficult to treat because the mother could not control their aggressive behavior. Among prominent observations were the following: the boys
The Theory of H-space

Abstract The theory of H -space, the four-dimensional manifold of those complex null hypersurfaces of an asymptotically flat space-time which are asymptotically shear-free, is reviewed. In addition to a discussion of the origins of the theory, we present two independent formalisms for the derivation of the basic properties of H -space: that it is endowed with a natural holomorphic complex Riemannian metric which satisfies the vacuum Einstein equations and whose Weyl tensor is self-dual. We show the connection of our work on H -space to that of Plebanski and to the theory of deformed twistor spaces, due to Penrose. Finally, there is a discussion of equations of motion in H -space.
Applications of complex network theory on power grids

Complex network statistical analysis tools are helpful to understand silent features of complex systems. One of the most important system growing intentions in recent days is power grid. Complex system like power system with specific topology can undergo a local or global cascade failure. Prediction and prevention of these cascade failures or blackouts is obligatory. In this paper some of the most important properties of power grids infrastructure are investigated using Complex Network Theory (CNT) techniques and methodologies. Discussions are conducted on different measures of network structures of IEEE 118 and Polish 2383 bus systems. These results and structure of power network has important implication on reliability and security.
Creating brand equity in the Chinese clothing market

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the effectiveness of eight selected marketing activities in creating brand equity in the Chinese clothing market.Design/methodology/approach – A shopping centre intercept survey is conducted to collect data in the two largest Chinese cities, Beijing and Shanghai. The empirical tests, using a structural equation model (SEM), support the research hypotheses.Findings – The results indicate the positive effects of store image, celebrity endorsement, event sponsorship, web advertising, and non‐price promotions on brand equity in China as well as the detrimental impact of frequent price promotions.Research limitations/implications – The study is limited to consumers in Beijing and Shanghai.Practical implications – The findings answer the following questions: how do foreign clothing brand suppliers develop effective brand strategies for the China market? Should marketing activities designed to build brand equity be modified to accommodate different attitudes or behaviors in C...
Failure to Complement Infectivity of EBV and HSV-1 Glycoprotein B (gB) Deletion Mutants with gBs from Different Human Herpesvirus Subfamilies

Glycoprotein B (gB) is conserved among the herpesvirus family which infects a broad range of species. To investigate the functional homology of human alpha-herpesviruses, beta-herpesviruses, and gamma-herpesviruses gB proteins, complementation studies were performed with gB genes from each subfamily member using EBV gp110 (EBV gB homologue) and HSV-1 gB null mutants. Neither the alpha-herpesvirus HSV-1 gB gene nor the beta-herpesvirus HCMV gB gene were able to complement the gp110 null mutant. Conversely, neither the beta-herpesvirus HCMV gB or the gamma-herpesvirus EBV gp110 gene were able to complement HSV-1 gB null mutants. To further investigate functional domains of EBV gp110 and HSV-1 gB, gB-gp110 chimeric proteins were constructed. Surprisingly, none of the chimeric proteins were able to complement either HSV-1 gB null mutants or EBV gp110 null mutants. These results demonstrate that there is not sufficient functional homology between the different gBs to allow complementation in other subfamily members of the herpesvirus family.
Is there a link between abuse in childhood and pain disorders

Childhood maltreatment is a major public health problem, with nearly 1 million verified cases annually in the USA. Many more cases are unverified or unreported. According to US Child Protective Ser...
A Comparison of Methods: Normalizing High-Throughput RNA Sequencing Data

As RNA-Seq and other high-throughput sequencing grow in use and remain critical for gene expression studies, technical variability in counts data impedes studies of differential expression studies, data across samples and experiments, or reproducing results. Studies like Dillies et al. (2013) compare several between-lane normalization methods involving scaling factors, while Hansen et al. (2012) and Risso et al. (2014) propose methods that correct for sample-specific bias or use sets of control genes to isolate and remove technical variability. This paper evaluates four normalization methods in terms of reducing intra-group, technical variability and facilitating differential expression analysis or other research where the biological, inter-group variability is of interest. To this end, the four methods were evaluated in differential expression analysis between data from Pickrell et al. (2010) and Montgomery et al. (2010) and between simulated data modeled on these two datasets. Though the between-lane scaling factor methods perform worse on real data sets, they are much stronger for simulated data. We cannot reject the recommendation of Dillies et al. to use TMM and DESeq normalization, but further study of power to detect effects of different size under each normalization method is merited.
A Suppressor of snf1 Mutations Causes Constitutive High-Level Invertase Synthesis in Yeast

The SNF1 gene product of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required to derepress expression of many glucose-repressible genes, including the SUC2 structural gene for invertase. Strains carrying a recessive snf1 mutation are unable to ferment sucrose. We have isolated 30 partial phenotypic revertants of a snf1 mutant that were able to ferment sucrose. Genetic characterization of these revertants showed that the suppressor mutations were all recessive and defined eight complementation groups, designated ssn1 through ssn8 (suppressor of snf1 ). The revertants were assayed for secreted invertase activity, and although activity was detected in members of each complementation group, only the ssn6 strains contained wild-type levels. Synthesis of secreted invertase in ssn6 strains was found to be constitutive, that is, insensitive to glucose repression; moreover, the ssn6 mutations also conferred constitutivity in a wild-type ( SNF1 ) genetic background and are, therefore, not merely suppressors of snf1 . Pleiotropic defects were observed in ssn6 mutants. Genetic analysis suggested that the ssn6 mutations are allelic to the cyc8 mutation isolated by R. J. Rothstein and F. Sherman, which causes increased production of iso-2-cytochrome c. The data suggest a regulatory function for SSN6 .
Impedance Boundary Conditions for the Pulmonary Vasculature Including the Effects of Geometry, Compliance, and Respiration

With few exceptions, previous models of the pulmonary vascular system have neglected the effects of respiration. This practice is acceptable for normal cardiac function; however, for compromised function, respiration may be critical. Therefore, we have initiated the steps to develop boundary conditions that incorporate the effects of respiration through the use of an impedance boundary condition derived from a bifurcating structured tree geometry. The benefit to using the geometry based method lies in that strategic changes can be made to the geometry to mimic physiologic changes in vascular impedance. In this paper, a scaling factor was used to modify the radius of resistance vessels of the structured tree to capture the maximum change in impedance caused by respiration. A large vessel geometry was established from a lung cast, the structured trees were applied at the outlets, and an experimental flow waveform was applied at the inlet. Finite-element analysis was used to compute the resulting inlet pressure waveform. An optimization minimizing the difference between measured and computed pressure waveforms was performed for two respiratory states, maximal expiration and inspiration, to determine best-fit models for the pulmonary vasculature, resulting in pressure waveforms with an rms error of 0.4224 and 0.7270 mmHg, respectively.
Incarceration and Prisoner Reentry in the United States

This article addresses the reentry challenges faced by low-skilled men released from U.S. prisons. The author empirically characterizes the increases in incarceration occurring since 1970 and assesses the degree to which these changes result from changes in policy as opposed to changes in criminal behavior. The author discusses what is known about the children of inmates and the likelihood that a child in the United States has an incarcerated parent. The article then addresses the employment barriers that former prison inmates face, with a particular emphasis on how employers view criminal records in screening job applicants. Finally, the author discusses a number of alternative models for aiding the reentry of former inmates. Transitional cash assistance, the use of reentry plans, traditional workforce development efforts, and transitional jobs for former inmates all are among the tools used across the United States. The author reviews the existing evaluation literature on the effectiveness of these prog...
Implementation of an individualized argatroban protocol in an academic medical center.

A retrospective evaluation of the prescribing, dispensing, administration, and monitoring of argatroban at the Medical College of Georgia identified numerous areas for improvement in the medication-use process. With regard to prescribing, areas for improvement included the addition of heparin to the
An ASIC design methodology with predictably low leakage, using leakage-immune standard cells

In this paper we introduce a low-leakage standard cell based ASIC design methodology which is based on the use of modified standard cells. These cells are designed to consume extremely low and predictable leakage currents in standby mode. For each cell in a standard cell library, we design two low-leakage variants of the cell. If the inputs of a cell during the standby mode of operation are such that the output has a high value, we minimize the leakage in the pull-down network, and vice versa. While technology mapping a circuit, we determine the particular variant to utilize in each instance, so as to minimize leakage of the final mapped design. We have designed and laid out our modified standard cells, and have performed experiments to compare placed-and-routed area, leakage and delays of our method against MTCMOS and a straightforward ASIC flow. Each design style we compare utilizes the same base standard cell library. Our results show that designs obtained using our methodology have better speed and area characteristics than designs implemented in MTCMOS. The exact leakage current obtained for MTCMOS is highly unpredictable, while our method exhibits leakage currents which are precisely estimable. The leakage current for HL designs can be dramatically lower than the worst-case leakage of MTCMOS based designs, and two orders of magnitude compared to traditional standard cells. Also, a design implemented in MTCMOS would require the use of separate power and ground supplies for latches and combinational logic, while our methodology does away with such a requirement.
A novel approach to the characterization of substrate specificity in short/branched chain Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.

Rat and human short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases exhibit key differences in substrate specificity despite an overall amino acid identity of 85% between them. Rat short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (SBCAD) are more active toward substrates with longer carbon side chains than human SBCAD, whereas the human enzyme utilizes substrates with longer primary carbon chains. The mechanism underlying this difference in substrate specificity was investigated with a novel surface plasmon resonance assay combined with absorbance and circular dichroism spectroscopy, and kinetics analysis of wild type SBCADs and mutants with altered amino acid residues in the substrate binding pocket. Results show that a relatively few amino acid residues are critical for determining the difference in substrate specificity seen between the human and rat enzymes and that alteration of these residues influences different portions of the enzyme mechanism. Molecular modeling of the SBCAD structure suggests that position 104 at the bottom of the substrate binding pocket is important in determining the length of the primary carbon chain that can be accommodated. Conformational changes caused by alteration of residues at positions 105 and 177 directly affect the rate of electron transfer in the dehydrogenation reactions, and are likely transmitted from the bottom of the substrate binding pocket to β-sheet 3. Differences between the rat and human enzyme at positions 383, 222, and 220 alter substrate specificity without affecting substrate binding. Modeling predicts that these residues combine to determine the distance between the flavin ring of FAD and the catalytic base, without changing the opening of the substrate binding pocket.
Male-specific lethal mutations of Drosophila melanogaster.

A total of 7,416 ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-treated second chromosomes and 6,212 EMS-treated third chromosomes were screened for sex-specific lethals. Four new recessive male-specific lethal mutations were recovered. When in homozygous condition, each of these mutations kills males during the late larval or early pupal stages, but has no detectable effect in females. One mutant, mlets, is a temperature sensitive allele of maleless, mle (Fukunaga, Tanaka and Oishi 1975), while the other three mutants identify two new loci: male-specific lethal-1 (msl-1) (two alleles) at map position 2-53.3 and male-specific lethal-2 (msl-2) at 2-9.0.——The male-specific lethality associated with these mutants is not related to the sex per se of the mutant flies, since sex-transforming genes fail to interact with these mutations. Moreover, the presence or absence of a Y chromosome in males or females has no influence on the male-specific lethal action of these mutations. Finally, no single region of the X chromosome, when present as a duplication, is sufficient to rescue males from the lethal effects of msl-1 or msl-2. These results suggest that the number of complete X chromosomes determines whether a fly homozygous for a male-specific lethal mutation lives or dies.
Drosophila Lyra mutations are gain-of-function mutations of senseless.

The Lyra mutation was first described by Jerry Coyne in 1935. Lyra causes recessive pupal lethality and adult heterozygous Lyra mutants exhibit a dominant loss of the anterior and posterior wing margins. Unlike many mutations that cause loss of wing tissue (e.g., scalloped, Beadex, cut, and apterous-Xasta), Lyra wing discs do not exhibit increased necrotic or apoptotic cell death, nor do they show altered BrdU incorporation. However, during wing disc eversion, loss of the anterior and posterior wing margins is apparent. We have previously shown that senseless, a gene that is necessary and sufficient for peripheral nervous system (PNS) development, is allelic to Lyra. Here we show by several genetic criteria that Lyra alleles are neomorphic alleles of senseless that cause ectopic expression of SENSELESS in the wing pouch. Similarly, overexpression of SENSELESS in the wing disc causes loss of wing margin tissue, thereby mimicking the Lyra phenotype. Lyra mutants display aberrant expression of DELTA, VESTIGIAL, WINGLESS, and CUT. As in Lyra mutants, overexpression of SENSELESS in some areas of the wing pouch also leads to loss of WINGLESS and CUT. In summary, our data indicate that overexpression of SENSELESS causes a severe reduction in NOTCH signaling that in turn may lead to decreased transcription of several key genes required for wing development, leading to a failure in cell proliferation and loss of wing margin tissue.
Reproductive and seedling ecology of a semelparous native bamboo (Arundinaria gigantea, Poaceae)1

Abstract Canebrakes were monodominant stands of bamboo once common in bottomlands throughout the southeastern U.S. They were habitat for many wildlife species, and have declined drastically since the 18th century. Knowledge of the reproduction of canebrake bamboos is sparse and often contradictory. We studied reproduction and the role of disturbance in one canebrake bamboo, Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl., at two field sites in Louisiana. We noted flowering with little or no seed-set during each of four years at our primary study site, and a mass-flowering event at a second site from which we collected 2,000 seeds. Of these, 82–95% proved viable in germination trials. We used these seeds in a 2 × 2 factorial design at the Buckhorn Wildlife Management Area in NE Louisiana to test the effects of prior windstorm and fire on seed germination and seedling survival. Results indicate that A. gigantea is capable of reproducing in the leaf litter and partial shade typical of open forest habitat but may have pro...
Joint Source Channel Coding with Side Information Using Hybrid Digital Analog Codes

We study the joint source channel coding problem of transmitting an analog source over a Gaussian channel in two cases - (i) the presence of interference known only to the transmitter and (ii) in the presence of side information known only to the receiver. We introduce hybrid digital analog forms of the Costa and Wyner-Ziv coding schemes. Our schemes are based on random coding arguments and are different from the nested lattice schemes by Kochman and Zamir that uses dithered quantization. We also discuss superimposed digital and analog schemes for the above problems which show that there are infinitely many schemes for achieving the optimal distortion for these problems. This provides an extension of the schemes by Bross et al to the interference/side information case.
Open fire: understanding global gun cultures

Firearms were not part of my upbringing, so Open Fire was enlightening. This book is a compendium of essays on gun culture and violence from around the world, although almost half of the chapters a...
Description of a new species of Caenotus Cole (Diptera: Scenopinidae) from Baja California Sur, Mexico, with a review of the genus

A new species of Caenotus Cole is described from Baja California. The current knowledge of the systematics and states of morphological characters with putative phylogenetic importance within the genus are discussed and summarized. One species Caenotus thompsonii Evenhuis is placed in synonomy with Brachylinga baccata Coquillett (Diptera: Therevidae).
CheckFence: checking consistency of concurrent data types on relaxed memory models

Concurrency libraries can facilitate the development of multi-threaded programs by providing concurrent implementations of familiar data types such as queues or sets. There exist many optimized algorithms that can achieve superior performance on multiprocessors by allowing concurrent data accesses without using locks. Unfortunately, such algorithms can harbor subtle concurrency bugs. Moreover, they requirememory ordering fences to function correctly on relaxed memory models.To address these difficulties, we propose a verification approach that can exhaustively check all concurrent executions of a given test program on a relaxed memory model and can verify that they are observationally equivalent to a sequential execution. Our CheckFence prototype automatically translates the C implementation code and the test program into a SAT formula, hands the latter to a standard SAT solver, and constructs counter example traces if there exist incorrect executions. Applying CheckFence to five previously published algorithms, we were able to (1) find several bugs (some not previously known), and (2) determine how to place memory ordering fences for relaxed memory models.
On the Evolution of Truth

This paper is concerned with how a simple metalanguage might coevolve with a simple descriptive base language in the context of interacting Skyrms-Lewis signaling games. We will first consider a metagame that evolves to track the successful and unsuccessful use of a coevolving base language, then we will consider a metagame that evolves to track the truth of expressions in a coevolving base language. We will see how a metagame that tracks truth provides an endogenous way to break the symmetry between indicative and imperative interpretations of the base language. Finally, we will consider how composite signaling games provide a way to characterize alternative pragmatic notions of truth.
Long-term hydrothermal scheduling using composite thermal and composite hydro representations

The paper presents a new long-term, large-scale hydrothermal production scheduling method. The proposed method uses both composite hydro and composite thermal representations, based on the monthly or weekly energy requirement. The method can minimise the thermal production cost and maximise the hydro production profit. The advantage of this method is that it uses a more precise cost objective function considering unit commitment effect. The method can be used by the owners of independent hydro plants in a region for long-term hydroelectric scheduling under both deregulation and competition. A case study shows that the model allocates successfully and efficiently the hydroelectric resources to the peak demand periods with negligible computation time.
Effect of Climatic Warming on the Pacific Walrus, and Potential Modification of Its Helminth Fauna

The decreasing extent of sea-ice in the arctic basin as a consequence of climatic warming is modifying the behavior and diets of pagophilic pinnipeds, including the Pacific walrus, Odobenus rosmarus divergens Illiger, the species emphasized here. Mammals such as the walrus and bearded seal, Erignathus barbatus (Erxleben), cannot remain associated with the sea-ice, and continue to feed on their usual diet of benthic invertebrates inhabiting coastal waters to a depth of approximately 100 m, when the northwestward retreating ice reaches deep waters beyond the margins of the continental shelf. With reduction of their customary substrate (ice), the walrus has become more pelagic and preys more often on ringed seals, Phoca hispida Schreber. Dietary changes, with modifications of helminth faunas, may be induced by various factors. Increased consumption of mammals or their remains by walruses may lead to a higher prevalence of trichinellosis in them and to more frequent occurrence in indigenous peoples inhabiting the arctic coasts. To assess predicted effects on the composition of helminth fauna of the walrus, we recommend systematic surveys of their helminths as part of research on effects of climatic warming.
Protistan-Prokaryotic Symbioses in Deep-Sea Sulfidic Sediments

The most abundant protistan groups (euglenoids, ciliates and foraminifera) from two deep-sea sulfidic sedimentary environments possess a variety of symbiotic associations with prokaryotes. These associations include both epibiotic and endobiotic relationships. To date, endobiotic symbioses in euglenoids are not well documented while numerous examples of endosymbioses exist in ciliates and foraminfera. In all protistan-prokaryote symbioses observed to date from these deep-sea environments the exact benefit to the protist as well as the prokaryote remains only speculative. Quite clearly the biomass enhancement of these three groups in these deep-sea sulfidic environments, compared to nearby aerated sites is likely related to the rich and diverse symbioses we observe.
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and HIV-1-Related Neurologic Disorders

In summary, one can conclude that infected persons exhibit an extremely vigorous, virus-specific CTL response, and in at least some individuals this response is broadly directed at multiple epitopes. These cells are present at the time or initial control of viremia and can also be detected after more than a decade of asymptomatic infection. These cells can also be found in the central nervous system in persons with ADC, and one can envision pathways in which the inflammatory cytokines released by these cells upon activation could contribute to the neurologic sequelae of infection. However, the precise role of these cells as a protective host defense and the possible contribution of these cells, or products released by these cells, to tissue damage at sites such as the lung and brain remain to be determined. Further delineation of the role played by CTLs in the pathogenesis of disease should be extremely useful in helping to understand the disease itself and to guide intervention strategies.
LA-ICP/MS Analysis of Plastics as a Method to Support Polymer Assay in the Assessment of Materials for Low Background Detectors

Ultra low-background radiation measurements are essential to several large-scale physics investigations. Assay of solid polymer materials for extremely low levels of radioactive elements, such as uranium, presents challenges. This paper describes an initial investigation into the use of laser ablation with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for screening a solid plastic, polyethylene, for gross uranium levels.
A fully integrated paperfluidic molecular diagnostic chip for the extraction, amplification, and detection of nucleic acids from clinical samples

Paper diagnostics have successfully been employed to detect the presence of antigens or small molecules in clinical samples through immunoassays; however, the detection of many disease targets relies on the much higher sensitivity and specificity achieved via nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT). The steps involved in NAAT have recently begun to be explored in paper matrices, and our group, among others, has reported on paper-based extraction, amplification, and detection of DNA and RNA targets. Here, we integrate these paper-based NAAT steps into a single paperfluidic chip in a modular, foldable system that allows for fully integrated fluidic handling from sample to result. We showcase the functionality of the chip by combining nucleic acid isolation, isothermal amplification, and lateral flow detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 DNA directly from crude cervical specimens in less than 1 hour for rapid, early detection of cervical cancer. The chip is made entirely of paper and adhesive sheets, making it low-cost, portable, and disposable, and offering the potential for a point-of-care molecular diagnostic platform even in remote and resource-limited settings.
How Much Do Formula-Fed Infants Take in the First 2 Days?:

Objective. To document the intake of exclusively formula-fed newborns during the first 2 days of life. Methods. We enrolled a cohort of 50 healthy newborns ≥37 weeks’ gestation and documented their daily formula intake until discharge. We surveyed pediatricians regarding their assessment of the intake of formula fed infants. Results. In all, 37 of 50 newborns stayed for at least 48 hours. The mean ± SD gestational age was 39.5 ± 0.88 weeks. Mean ±SD formula intake for the first 48 hours (n = 37) was 57.2 ± 20.4 mL/kg/d and mean weight loss at 45.7 ± 8.8 hours, was 2.7% of birth weight. Pediatricians underestimated the amounts taken by these infants. Conclusions. In the first 2 days, healthy term newborns, fed formula ad lib, consume about 115 mL/kg, about 2 to 3 times as much as breastfed infants, and they lose only 2.7% of their birthweight by 48 hours. Most pediatricians underestimate the intake of formula-fed infants.
Löwenstein-Jensen media. No longer necessary for mycobacterial isolation.

Isolation of mycobacteria on Lowenstein-Jensen media (LJ) and in the BACTEC MB9000 (MB) system was compared. Of 2,271 specimens, 317 were positive for 331 mycobacteria isolated in 1 or both media. The MB was positive in 238 isolates, and LJ was positive for 239 isolates; 92 isolates were detected by MB only and 93 by LJ only. Of the 331 isolates, 146 were recovered by both media. MB recovered 38 of 38 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates, while LJ recovered 23. MB recovered 94.1% (96/102) of Mycobacterium avium complex isolates and LJ 69.6% (71/102). The MB recovered 81% (65/80) Mycobacterium fortuitum-chelonae isolates and LJ 68% (54/80). Of the remaining species, MB isolated 39, while LJ isolated 91. Only 1 organism that was isolated on LJ alone was medically significant based on medical record review. The addition of LJ media to the MB9000 system is not warranted, as it causes clinically irrelevant workload, increased expenditures for the laboratory, and could cause the inappropriate treatment of patients.
Reconstructing Motherhood: The La Leche League in Postwar America

In the 1950s: Formula was providing scientifically perfect food for babies. Anesthesia was saving mothers from the horrors of childbirth. Bottles were making it easy for anyone to care for the baby. Schedules and discipline from the moment of birth were preventing babies from ruling their parents' lives.... In 1956, seven women joined together in a movement that was to change the face of motherhood in America. They have devoted their lives to bringing mother and baby together again. -Kaye Lowman, The LLLove Story, 1978
Tingle in lips and glanspenis induced by ceftriaxone sodium

One 28-year old male patient was administered intravenously with 5% glucose injeciton of 250 mL and 3.0 g ceftriaxone sodium.The patient complained that lip and glan were numb like needle acupuncture and intolerable after 2 minutes.The administration was stopped immediately and injected with 10 mg dexamethasone,5% glucose injeciton of 250 mL,0.7 g ribavirin injection and 3.0 g vitamin C injection.After 5 minutes,the sympotoms disappeared.No discomfort disappeared with the intravenous administration of 5% glucose injeciton of 250 mL and 0.5 g azithromycin.
The Effects of Whole Body Vibration Exercise on Jump Performance and Quadriceps Muscle Activation in Soccer Player

【Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of WBV exercise on CMJ and quadriceps muscle activation according to different frequency of vibration in soccer player and also to find effective frequency for leading appropriate treatment reaction. Methods: Thirty three subjects were randomly divided into three groups: the three groups are WBV group using 20 Hz frequency, WBV group using 30 Hz frequency and squat exercise group according to training method. The exercise program was conducted for six weeks. Subjects were measured on CMJ and quadriceps muscle activation. Results: Significant difference in CMJ was observed in the group I, II compared with the group III (p】
Other Glial Neoplasms

Abstract Three rare glial neoplasms that do not belong to astrocytic or ependymal families, yet have unique and readily recognized histologic patterns, defining molecular and immunohistochemical features, and clinicopathologic settings, include angiocentric glioma, astroblastoma, and chordoid glioma. Angiocentric gliomas are low-grade, supratentorial tumors of childhood and young adulthood that are associated with seizures and composed of cytologically bland, spindled, and monomorphic glioma cells surrounding cortical and subcortical blood vessels. Astroblastomas are solid, well-circumscribed cerebral hemispheric neoplasms of children and young adults that are defined histologically by the presence of astroblastic pseudorosettes, composed of broad, nontapering processes extending to central vessels. Chordoid gliomas are a histologically low-grade tumor that occur almost exclusively in the region of the third ventricle and are composed of GFAP-positive epithelioid tumor cells arranged in cords and clusters with a myxoid stroma.
Adding Physical Objects to an Interactive Game Improves Learning and Enjoyment: Evidence from EarthShake

Can experimenting with three-dimensional (3D) physical objects in mixed-reality environments produce better learning and enjoyment than flat-screen two-dimensional (2D) interaction? We explored this question with EarthShake: a mixed-reality game bridging physical and virtual worlds via depth-camera sensing, designed to help children learn basic physics principles. In this paper, we report on a controlled experiment with 67 children, 4--8 years old, that examines the effect of observing physical phenomena and collaboration (pairs vs. solo). A follow-up experiment with 92 children tests whether adding simple physical control, such as shaking a tablet, improves learning and enjoyment. Our results indicate that observing physical phenomena in the context of a mixed-reality game leads to significantly more learning and enjoyment compared to screen-only versions. However, there were no significant effects of adding simple physical control or having students play in pairs vs. alone. These results and our gesture analysis provide evidence that children's science learning can be enhanced through experiencing physical phenomena in a mixed-reality environment.
From Real-Time BI to the Real-Time Enterprise: Organizational Enablers of Latency Reduction

Real-time business intelligence (BI) plays an important role in enabling the “real-time enterprise,” and as such has received a lot of attention in the practitioner literature in recent years. However, academic research on real-time BI and its role in improving overall organizational agility is scarce today. Most research on the real-time phenomenon has focused on technological, as opposed to organizational, issues. Using practitioner models of information value as a starting point, we draw from theories on individual and organizational decision making to create a model of the components of latency that impact an organization’s ability to both sense and respond to business events in real time. Failure to take all the antecedents of these latency components into account when implementing a real-time BI system can have serious consequences on a firm’s ability to optimize benefits from conversion to real-time BI systems. We close with suggestions for future IS research on this important emerging topic.
p62/SQSTM1 by Binding to Vitamin D Receptor Inhibits Hepatic Stellate Cell Activity, Fibrosis, and Liver Cancer

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play critical roles in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation in HSCs inhibits liver inflammation and fibrosis. We found that p62/SQSTM1, a protein upregulated in liver parenchymal cells but downregulated in HCC-associated HSCs, negatively controls HSC activation. Total body or HSC-specific p62 ablation potentiates HSCs and enhances inflammation, fibrosis, and HCC progression. p62 directly interacts with VDR and RXR promoting their heterodimerization, which is critical for VDR:RXR target gene recruitment. Loss of p62 in HSCs impairs the repression of fibrosis and inflammation by VDR agonists. This demonstrates that p62 is a negative regulator of liver inflammation and fibrosis through its ability to promote VDR signaling in HSCs, whose activation supports HCC.
How many procedures does it take? Success of a CVS training program for Maternal Fetal Medicine fellows.

Objectives To quantify the learning curve for a training program for Maternal Fetal Medicine (MFM) fellows in obtaining successful transvaginal chorionic villus sampling (CVS) results in women with early pregnancy failure (EPF). Methods Retrospective observational cohort study of transvaginal CVS and subsequent manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) performed by MFM fellows. CVS samples were sent for karyotype, and products of conception (POC) were sent if CVS sample did not yield a result. Success was defined as karyotype result on CVS specimen. Results A total of 130 women with EPF up to 9 weeks of gestation underwent transvaginal CVS and MVA from December 2011 to April 2015. CVS samples were successful in 53 (40.8%) cases, POC were analyzed for karyotype in 68 (52.3%) cases, and maternal decidua was obtained in 9 (6.9%) cases. Nine MFM fellows performed the CVS and MVA procedures. The mean number of procedures per fellow was 14 (5-24). The average success rate of transvaginal CVS sample was 33.3% after the first procedure and 50% at the 14th procedure. One procedure was performed per patient. Conclusions Success increased over time from 33.3% to 50.0%. Given the gestational age and failed pregnancy status, this is a reasonable success rate for CVS at time of EPF. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A decision-support tool to assist muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients choosing between radical cystectomy and chemoradiotherapy.

505Background: Patients with high-risk muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who are borderline medically operable for radical cystectomy (RC) face a difficult decision between RC which has higher ...
Initial Evaluation of N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide and Permethrin Absorption in Human Volunteers under Stress Conditions

ABSTRACT Objectives: This was a pilot study to determine (1) whether it is feasible to effectively blind human subjects to the presence of the insect repellents N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and permethrin; (2) whether DEET affects the absorption of permethrin; and (3) whether combat videotape viewing and mental arithmetic are stressful. Methods: Ten volunteers were exposed to DEET, permethrin, and stress (1-hour combat videotape plus mental arithmetic) in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Outcome measurements included hemodynamics, plasma DEET and permethrin levels, and questionnaires to assess blinding. Results: Highly sensitive serologic assays readily detected DEET but not permethrin. Staff members and subjects were effectively blinded to both. The videotape-math combination was stressful by both self-report and hemodynamic measures. Conclusions: It is possible to blind subjects with respect to DEET and permethrin. Permethrin on clothing does not enter the bloodstream at appreciab...
What Were the Qualifications for Being a Leader in Ancient Israel? Revelation, Authority, and Philological Issues in Deut 1:13 and 1:15

The passive participles from ידע in Deut 1:13 and 1:15 are part of a list of characteristics for being a judge. The translational value of these participles, however, is unclear. This article reviews the main options proposed for understanding וידעים in Deut 1:13 and 1:15 and argues that a syntactic feature in the verses is grounds for understanding them as passive in both form and sense (“known”). Finally, and perhaps more significantly, locating this qualification for being a judge in the larger ideology of revelation and authority in D buttresses this thesis.
Probability of viral labeling of neural stem cells in vivo.

Abstract In the neuroscience field over the past several decades, viral vectors have become powerful gene delivery systems to study neural populations of interest. For neural stem cell (NSC) biology, such viruses are often used to birth-date and track NSCs over developmental time in lineage tracing experiments. Yet, the probability of successful infection of a given stem cell in vivo remains unknown. This information would be helpful to inform investigators interested in titrating their viruses to selectively target sparsely-populated clusters of cells in the nervous system. Here, we describe a novel approach to calculate the probability of successful viral infection of NSCs using experimentally-derived cell cluster data from our newly-developed method to sparsely label adult NSCs, and a simple statistical derivation. Others interested in precisely defining their viral infection efficiency can use this method for a variety of basic and translational studies.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING MODEL OF TPS-SNOWBALL THROWING TYPE IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING OF CLASS VII STUDENT AT SMPN 5 MAROS

The study aims at describing the effectiveness of cooperative learning model of TPS-Snowball Throwing type in Mathematics learning of class VII students at SMPN 5 Maros. The study is pre-experiment research. The experiment unit of the study was all students in class VII at SMPN 5 Maros of academic year 2016/2017 which consisted of 9 parallel classes and the class which had the treatment was class VII 1 chosen by employing simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by using observation sheet instrument of learning implementation, observation sheet of students’ activities, learning test, observation sheet of students’ affective aspect, and students’ response questionnaire on learning. Data were analyze by employing descriptive analysis and inferential analysis used one sample t-test.The result of the study reveal that the students’ activities in learning are in active category with the mean 3.29 of maximum score 4, the learning result of students’ cognitive aspect was in high category with the mean 87.91 of maximum score 100, and deviation standard is 6.72, the classical completeness is 94 %, the mean normalized gain of learning result is in high category , the learning result of students’ affective aspect is in high category with the mean 81 of maximum score 100, the students’ response on learning is in Tended to be Positive category with mean 3.19 of maximum score 4. In general, the conclusion is the cooperative learning model of TPS-Snowball Throwing type is effective to be applied in Mathematics learning in class VII students at SMPN 5 Maros
Solar Radiation to Nonobstructed Inclined Surfaces

Researchers and students in physical climatology are interested in radiative, sensible heat, and latent heat exchanges between the atmosphere and the Earth and how to use models to compute these energy exchanges in natural and agricultural systems. The models can be used, for example, to assess different responses of plants to diurnal or seasonal radiation changes. In this chapter we present a typical application of one such model.