cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Testing the ecological validity of teacher‐provided versus student‐generated postquestions in reading college science text

This study compared the achievement of high- and low-reading-ability students in two classes of a one-semester introductory college biology course after they either received and used teacher-provided questions posed at various taxonomic levels on textual reading assigned over a five-week period (Group 1) or learned via training to generate and use their own questions at the identical taxonomic levels based on the same text over the same period of time (Group 2). Independent variables included (a) form of questioning (teacher provided and self-generated), (b) reading ability (low and high), and (c) question type (referent, literal, interpretive, inferential, and self-critical). Dependent variables included scores from weekly quizzes and from a summative examination. Results indicated that (a) training students to generate and answer their own questions based on text reading had a favorable effect on their midrange (weekly quiz) performance; (b) relative to long-range (summative exam) performance, training students to generate and answer their own questions based on study reading was no more efficacious than providing students with questions based on the same text; and (c) teacher-provided questions at the literal level facilitated the acquisition of intended and incidental discrimination material better than teacher-provided questions at any other taxonomic level.
Improved algorithms for farthest colored voronoi diagram of segments

Given n line segments in the plane with each colored by one of k colors, the Farthest Colored Voronoi Diagram (FCVD) is a subdivision of the plane such that the region of a c-colored site (segment or subsegment) s contains all points of the plane for which c is the farthest color and s is the nearest c-colored site. FCVD is a generalization of the Farthest Voronoi Diagram (i.e., k = n) and the regular Voronoi Diagram (i.e., k = 1). In this paper, we first present a simple algorithm to solve the general FCVD problem in an output-sensitive fashion in O((kn + I)α(H) log n) time, where I is the number of intersections of the input and H is the complexity of the FCVD. We then focus on a special case, called Farthest-polygon Voronoi Diagram (FPVD), in which all colored segments form k disjoint polygonal structures (i.e., simple polygonal curves or polygons) with each consisting of segments with the same color. For FPVD, we present an improved algorithm with a running time of O(n log2 n). Our algorithm has better performance and is simpler than the best previously known O(n log2 n)-time algorithm.
Filter Strip Widths for Forest Roads in the Southern Appalachians

Filter strip standards cur- rently applied to forest roads in the southern Appalachian Mountains may specify greater widths than are necessary with prevailing construction practices. Measurements of the distance that sediment traveled downslope below newly constructed roads were less than previously reported. Distances were notably less if natural ob- structions existed on the forest floor, brush barriers constructed at the edge of the right-of-way, road fills grass-covered, and roads outsloped and drained by broad- based dips. Discussion of management con- siderations lead to proposed revised guide- lines for minimum filter strip widths for the southern mountains.
Altered hepatic localization and expression of occludin after common bile duct ligation.

Epithelial tight junctions form a regulated barrier that seals the paracellular space and prevents mixing of luminal contents with the interstitium. This barrier is composed of a group of proteins ...
ETHANOL-INDUCED CYTOSKELETAL DYSGENESIS WITH DIETARY PROTEIN MANIPULATIONS

Ethanol-induced cytoskeletal abnormalities occur in many cell types, affecting structure and function of the respective organs. When affecting the developing myocyte, damage is responsible for the hypotonicity and congestive heart failure of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) infants. To test the hypothesis that ethanol damages myocytes in utero, and determine that damage is not affected by dietary protein manipulations, female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed Leiber-DeCarli diets containing either 10% or 25% protein-derived calories, isocalorically balanced with or without 36% of the total calories containing ethanol. Muscle biopsies from rat pups of the ethanol-fed groups showed disorganized myocyte cytoskeleton: sarcomeric dysplasia with Z-band abnormality, actin in disarray, and granulofilamentous debris. Teratogenic effects of ethanol on myocytes occur in rat pups in utero, supporting the use of this model for studying ethanol effects on the developing cytoskeleton. We report ultrastructural evidence which provides a partial explanation of the mechanism of a well-known clinical phenomenon.
Effect of Calcium Bicarbonate on Disinfection by Halogens

The inorganic entities in water comprise a significant portion of chemicals in water and their effects upon the disinfection process should be fully evaluated. This investigation was undertaken to determine possible effects of various inorganic chemical additives in water on the efficacy of disinfection by halogens. The chemical used in this experimentation was calcium bicarbonate. Halogen concentrations used were on an equal equivalent weight basis. The test microorganism was \IEscherichia coli\N. The exposure substrate was cold sterile distilled water to which appropriate quantities of calcium bicarbonate were added. All bacterial exposures to disinfectant were performed at pH values 5.0 and 7.0 and a temperature of 2-3°C. Bacterial death kinetics are presented in comparisons of varying additive conditions for each halogen and also for constant additive conditions for all halogens used. A hampering effect of calcium on the disinfection efficacy of chlorine, bromine and iodine was found at the conditions of the experimentation.
Thermal Regimes of Florida Lakes

Water column temperatures were determined monthly for 24 lakes and bimonthly for 5 lakes in peninsular Florida during 1979. Three geographical groups (north, central, south) were delineated from mean monthly water column temperatures for individual lakes. On a monthly basis, northern lakes were least similar to southern lakes, while central Florida lakes displayed greater affinity to the southern than to the northern lake group. Temperature differences between lake groups broke down during late summer. Subtropical lakes have been defined tentatively as those Florida lakes south of 28° latitude which possess warm monomictic circulation and a mean annual temperature of 24.2 ± 4.8 °C with minimum water column temperature rarely less than 14 °C and summer maxima rarely exceeding 31 °C. While all lakes in Florida are clearly warm monomictic annual nutrient cycling and productivity patterns may be influenced by inter-group differences in the timing and duration of water column circulation.
Benign Parotid Tumors

This article reviews the epidemiology, embryology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic work-up, and basic management principles for the more common benign parotid neoplasms. The various histopathologies are also discussed and summarized.
Building a Unified Mechanistic Insight Into the Bimodal Pattern of Edema in Reperfused Acute Myocardial Infarctions: Observations, Interpretations, and Outlook.

Over the past 50 years, the understanding of the pathophysiology of myocardial edema in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (MI) has evolved significantly. Controlled animal studies have demonstrated that ischemia or transient ischemia followed by reperfusion lead to myocardial edema. In
Using ILD or ITD Cues for Sound Source Localization and Speech Understanding in a Complex Listening Environment by Listeners With Bilateral and With Hearing-Preservation Cochlear Implants

Purpose To assess the role of interaural time differences and interaural level differences in (a) sound-source localization, and (b) speech understanding in a cocktail party listening environment f...
Civic Jazz: American Music and Kenneth Burke on the Art of Getting Along

In his recently published book Civic Jazz, Gregory Clark (University Professor of English, Brigham Young University) argues that the elements for a successful democracy are the same elements crucia...
Pajatambo: An 18th century roadside structure in Peru

Pajatambo, located on the Peruvian coast between the Moche and Viru valleys, is the only colonial roadside structure that has been excavated in Peru. The site, which is adjacent to ancient road courses, consists of one multi-roomed building with a shallow deposit of occupation-related refuse. The ceramics, metal objects and subsistence remains indicate an 18th century date for the construction and occupation of the site.
Additionality When REDD Contracts Must be Self-Enforcing

This paper examines self-enforcing contracts as a financial mechanism for reducing carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation when the opportunity cost of the land (i.e., landholder type) is private information and is imperfectly correlated over time (i.e., partially persistent types). Because self-enforcement limits the feasible incentives, the conservation levels are constrained by the surplus created. Regardless of the degree of persistence of such opportunity costs across contracting periods, a first-best self-enforcing contract can deliver “additional” carbon sequestration beyond the business as usual scenario only if the value of forest conservation is sufficiently high. Otherwise, self-enforcing contracts can induce some, suboptimal level of carbon sequestration. The degree of persistence of opportunity costs across periods does not affect the amount of total payments provided in the optimal menu of contracts, but greater persistence of opportunity cost types leads to contracts that feature more of the total payment as a bonus in contracts for landholders with a high opportunity cost for their land and more of the total payment as an upfront fixed payment for landholders with a low opportunity cost.
Dynamics in entangled polyethylene melts

Polymer dynamics creates distinctive viscoelastic behavior as a result of a coupled interplay of motion at the atomic length scale and motion of the entire macromolecule. Capturing the broad time and length scales of polymeric motion however, remains a challenge. Using linear polyethylene as a model system, we probe the effects of the degree of coarse graining on polymer dynamics. Coarse-grained (CG) potentials are derived using iterative Boltzmann inversion with λ methylene groups per CG bead (denoted CGλ) with λ = 2,3,4 and 6 from a fully-atomistic polyethylene melt simulation. By rescaling time in the CG models by a factor α, the chain mobility for the atomistic and CG models match. We show that independent of the degree of coarse graining, all measured static and dynamic properties are essentially the same once the dynamic scaling factor α and a non-crossing constraint for the CG6 model are included. The speedup of the CG4 model is about 3 times that of the CG3 model and is comparable to that of the CG6 model. Using these CG models we were able to reach times of over 500 μs, allowing us to measure a number of quantities, including the stress relaxation function, plateau modulus and shear viscosity, and compare directly to experiment.
A High Dynamic-Range Neural Recording Chopper Amplifier for Simultaneous Neural Recording and Stimulation

Closed-loop neuromodulation is essential for the advance of neuroscience and for administering therapy in patients suffering from drug-resistant neurological conditions. Neural stimulation generates large artifacts at the recording sites, which easily saturate traditional recording front ends. This paper presents a neural recording chopper amplifier capable of handling in-band artifacts up to 40 mVpp while preserving the accompanying small neural signals. New techniques have been proposed that solve the issues of low input impedance and electrode-offset rejection, which enable a DC input impedance of 300 MΩ and a dynamic range of 69 dB (200 Hz-5 kHz) and 78 dB (1-200 Hz). Implemented in a 40-nm CMOS process, the prototype occupies an area of 0.071 mm2/channel, and consumes 2 μW from a 1.2 V supply. The input-referred noise is 7 μV rms (200 Hz-20 kHz) and 2 μV rms (1-200 Hz). The total harmonic distortion for a 20-mV p input at 1 kHz is -74 dB. This paper improves the linearity by 14-26 dB, dynamic range by 11-28 dB, and input-impedance for chopped front ends by a factor of 11 as compared with the current state of the art, while achieving similar power and noise performance.
New photon results from CDF

We present results of the cross section measurement for photon production associated with bottom- and charm-quark production and of the cross section measurement for diphoton production. The measurements use the full CDF data sample and they are compared with state-of-the-art calculations. The comparisons show that subprocesses of order higher than next-to-leading in the coupling parameter of the strong interaction are important to describe the data accurately.
Changes in resting state MRI networks from a single season of football distinguishes controls, low, and high head impact exposure

Sub-concussive asymptomatic head impacts during contact sports may develop potential neurological changes and may have accumulative effect through repetitive occurrences in contact sports like American football. The effects of sub-concussive head impacts on the functional connectivity of the brain are still unclear with no conclusive results yet presented. Although various studies have been performed on the topic, they have yielded mixed results with some concluding that sub concussive head impacts do not have any effect on functional connectivity, while others concluding that there are acute to chronic effects. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is an effect on the functional connectivity of the brain from repetitive sub concussive head impacts. First, we applied a model free group ICA based intrinsic network selection to consider the relationship between all voxels while avoiding an arbitrary choice of seed selection. Second, unlike most other studies, we have utilized the default mode network along with other extracted intrinsic networks for classification. Third, we systematically tested multiple supervised machine learning classification algorithms to predict whether a player was a non-contact sports youth player, a contact sports player with low levels of cumulative biomechanical force impacts, or one with high levels of exposure. The 10-fold cross validation results show robust classification between the groups with accuracy up to 78% establishing the potential of data driven approaches coupled with machine learning to study connectivity changes in youth football players. This work adds to the growing body of evidence that there are detectable changes in brain signature from playing a single season of contact sports.
Gleason Grading, Biochemical Failure, and Prostate Cancer-Specific Death.

Objectives To examine the relationship between the recently defined Gleason grade groups and prostate cancer-specific mortality. Methods If the probability of prostate cancer-specific death is symbolized as P(PSD), the probability of biochemical failure is symbolized as P(BF), and the probability of prostate cancer-specific death after biochemical failure is symbolized as P(PSD | BF), then the rules of probability provide a way to estimate P(PSD) as P(PSD) = P(PSD | BF) * P(BF) Using this model and data from the literature for P(PSD | BF) and P(BF), I estimate here values of P(PSD) for the five newly described Gleason grade groups. Results The expected probability of prostate cancer- specific death is closely related to the new Gleason grade groups and ranges from a low of 0.014 for grade group 1 to a high of 0.15 for grade group 5. Conclusions Although using the original study patient population may require years of additional follow-up to examine prostate cancer-specific mortality, the evidence available now indicates that these new Gleason grade groups relate to prostate cancer-specific mortality.
Performance-Portable Sparse Matrix-Matrix Multiplication for Many-Core Architectures

We consider the problem of writing performance portablesparse matrix-sparse matrix multiplication (SPGEMM) kernelfor many-core architectures. We approach the SPGEMMkernel from the perspectives of algorithm design and implementation, and its practical usage. First, we design ahierarchical, memory-efficient SPGEMM algorithm. We thendesign and implement thread scalable data structures thatenable us to develop a portable SPGEMM implementation. We show that the method achieves performance portabilityon massively threaded architectures, namely Intel's KnightsLanding processors (KNLs) and NVIDIA's Graphic ProcessingUnits (GPUs), by comparing its performance to specializedimplementations. Second, we study an important aspectof SPGEMM's usage in practice by reusing the structure ofinput matrices, and show speedups up to 3× compared to thebest specialized implementation on KNLs. We demonstratethat the portable method outperforms 4 native methods on2 different GPU architectures (up to 17× speedup), and it ishighly thread scalable on KNLs, in which it obtains 101× speedup on 256 threads.
Doing Rhetorical Studies In Situ: The Nomad Citizen in Jordan

ABSTRACTIn this essay, I explore the ways that doing rhetoric in situ can reveal sets of decolonizing practices within interdisciplinary rhetorical studies. I discuss the idea of rhetoric in situ and its possibility for establishing sets of decolonizing practices in rhetorical studies drawing from fieldwork methods found in disciplines including anthropology. I advance a call for a more literal interpretation of in situ as one way of demonstrating the ways that historians and critics of rhetoric contribute to the conceptual world of publics to co-create imagined rhetorical possibilities with displaced persons. By way of demonstrating the methodological approach I’m advancing in this essay, I turn to a set of discourses born from my own fieldwork, completed on the northern border of Jordan in 2014, amidst the Syrian refugee crisis. In analyzing discourse from two refugee families living in the Mafraq Governorate of Jordan after escaping the violence of the Syrian conflict, I offer the concept of the “nomad...
Predictors of Employees' Perception of Innovation in Organization Performance: The Case of the Natural Resources Conservation Services (NRCS)

In this paper, we investigate the role of organizational climate factors (work environment) that affect Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) employees' perception of the level of innovative activity following the reorganization of the agency. It is assumed that an employee that perceives that innovation is valued and it plays an important role in the overall performance of the organization is likely to believe that they will be rewarded for innovative behavior, and as a result, will be more likely to direct their effort at becoming more innovative. In this study, data from a random sample of 643 NRCS employees suggest that the NRCS is likely to achieve the greatest gain in employee innovative behavior from improving the level of training and the level of employee involvement in organizational change, and moderate gains from improving team work, communication and leadership.
Investigation of redox switchable titanium and zirconium catalysts for the ring opening polymerization of cyclic esters and epoxides

The synthesis and characterization of (thiolfan*)Zr(OtBu)2 (thiolfan* = 1,1′-di(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-thiophenoxide)ferrocene) is reported, as well as its activity toward the ring-opening polymerizations of L-lactide and e-caprolactone. With the titanium analogue, (thiolfan*)Ti(OiPr)2, diblock copolymers (AB and BA) and a triblock copolymer (ABA) were synthesized in a one-pot, redox-controlled process. Changing the metal center from titanium to zirconium has a profound influence on the reactivity profile of the corresponding reduced and oxidized catalysts in the switchable ring opening polymerization of cyclic esters and ethers.
The Art Historian as Simonides: The Importance of Antique Memory in the Art Library, from Warburg to the Present

The Greek poet Simonides realised that spatial associations prompted the memory and thus became the traditional father of mnemonics. Later rhetoricians developed his simple device into the classical art of memory, an art which we have inherited in fragmented form. As mnemonics assumes the primacy of vision, its legacy is particularly rich in the fine arts and architecture, but also present in a special intersection of the two: the art library.
EFFECT OF A SLOPED ROOF ON THE RADIANT COOLING CAPACITY OF A COURTYARD HOUSE

ABSTRACT A full scale model has been built in a courtyard configuration and put under natural conditions as to investigate the effect of a sloped roof in the natural cooling by longwave radiation of a courtyard house. It is expected that the thin film of air above the radiator will flow down the roof into the courtyard assisting in cooling the structure. The information obtained proved to be very informative and revealing since the tilted roof did not assist the air right above it to slide down and sink into the courtyard. Design, instrumentation and performance of the test model are discussed. Tentative conclusions and recommendations are drawn from the data.
Dental characteristics of a large military population useful for identification.

The number and complexity of dental restorations has decreased for younger Americans. Since the presence and extent of restorations are important data for forensic science identification purposes, the Computer-Assisted Postmortem Identification (CAPMI) system was used to assess the practical effect of the decreased selectivity expected as a result of improved dental health. Dental examination data from 7030 soliders were recorded on optical mark read forms and entered into a database. The data were reorganized and analyzed to generate summary statistics about the incidence of each type of restoration (divided into 16 categories) for both anterior, posterior, upper, lower, and combined segments. Patients' ages ranged from 17 to 49 with a mean of 24 years 5 months. Sixty percent were from 18 to 25 years old. A characteristic is defined as any situation other than a virgin tooth; for example, extracted, missing, unerupted, or restored. The average subject had 7 dental characteristics with approximately 75% having 4 or more. Within the entire population, 9% had 32 unrestored teeth. 3.6% had only one characteristic. To test the selectivity and uniqueness of various combinations of dental characteristics, 363 simulations using the CAPMI system were made against the entire 7030 subject database. Sample records (33 per group) with 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9–11, 12–14, 15–18, and 19+ characteristics were chosen at random from the database and searches were made. The variety of dental restorations was such that even the more common restorative situations yielded only two to four first-place ties. Eighty-five percent of all comparisons made with two or more characteristics gave a unique correct answer. Thirteen percent of the remainder were tied with three or fewer other records. It was concluded that although dental restorations are diminishing in frequency in the younger population they still provide a high degree of selectivity for forensic science purposes.
Pre-vasospasm: early brain injury

Despite modern advances in surgery, subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) continues to carry high morbidity and mortality rates. The reasons for this are currently unclear. It is certain however that vasospasm is not the only modality responsible for this. As a result the concept of Early Brain Injury (EBI) has been introduced in an effort to focus attention on other aspects of SAH. EBI occurs within the first 72 h after a SAH and encompasses the complex pathophysiological events that occur in the brain at the moment of a SAH and shortly thereafter. It has been hypothesised that these events may be responsible for many of the long term consequences of SAH that have to date remained poorly understood. The key component of EBI is apoptosis, evidence of which has been previously noted on autopsy studies. Detailed knowledge of the apoptotic pathways in relation to SAH may provide useful therapeutic options for the treatment of patients with SAH in the future.
The impact of social contagion on physician adoption of breast cancer imaging.

6534Background: Advanced imaging tests (AIT) such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans were adopted rapidly into breast cancer practice despite unproven ...
Misinformation in News Coverage of Professional and College Athlete Musculoskeletal Ailments.

Background: The general population’s understanding of musculoskeletal health is likely influenced by media reports of the ailments of prominent athletes. We assessed factors independently associated with debatable or potentially misleading medical statements in mainstream sports media coverage of the ailments of professional and college athletes.Methods: We identified and assessed 200 Internet media reports of musculoskeletal ailments of prominent athletes between February 19th and March 26th, 2018. We recorded medical statements about mechanism, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. We then classified those statements as accurate, debatable, or possibly misleading. We created a multivariable logistic regression model to identify factors independently associated with debatable or possibly misleading statements.Results: Forty-five percent of statements were debatable or possibly misleading. Statements about diagnosis (Odds Ratio [OR]=0.17; p < 0.001), treatment (OR=0.33; P=0.007), or prognosis (OR=0.27; P=0.003) and statements about shoulder and elbow ailments were more likely to be inaccurate compared to statements about mechanism and statements about knee ailments (OR=3.3; P=0.04) respectively.Conclusion: Coverage of sports ailments in the mainstream media are a common source of misinformation. Ailments of prominent athletes may represent a useful opportunity to teach people about musculoskeletal health.Level of evidence: Not applicable.
Obstructing 4-torsion in the classical knot concordance group

We prove that if the order of the first homology of the 2-fold branched cover of a knot K in the 3-sphere is given by pm where p is a prime congruent to 3 mod 4 and gcd(p,m) =1, then K is of infinite order in the knot concordance group. This provides an obstruction to classical knots being of order 4. In particular, there are 11 prime knots with 10 or fewer crossings that are of order 4 in the algebraic concordance group; all are infinite order in concordance. Another corollary states that any knot with Alexander polynomial 5t^2 - 11t + 5 is of infinite order in concordance; Levine proved that in higher dimensions all such knots are of order 4.
La turquesa y la economía en Mesoamérica durante el Posclásico

La importancia de la turquesa durante el Posclasico se refleja en las descripciones de artesanos, recuentos de tributos, listas de mercados y en la comercializacion que se hacia de ese material a grandes distancias. Las piedras en bruto y objetos terminados como mosaicos y cuentas viajaron por caminos intrincados y a menudo insospechados para llegar a manos de las elites, que tanto aprecio les tuvieron.
High Burden of Staphylococcus aureus Among Native American Individuals on the White Mountain Apache Tribal Lands.

Background This study was done to determine the burden of invasive Staphylococcus aureus on the White Mountain Apache Tribal lands. Methods Active population and laboratory-based surveillance for invasive S aureus infections was conducted from May 2016 to April 2018. A case was defined as a Native American individual living on or around the White Mountain Apache Tribal lands with S aureus isolated from a normally sterile body site. Results Fifty-three cases were identified. Most cases were adults (90.6%) and had ≥1 underlying medical condition (86.8%), the most common of which were diabetes (49.1%) and obesity (41.5%). A total of 26.4% cases were categorized as community acquired. Most infections were methicillin-resistant (75.5%). A total of 7.5% of cases required amputation, and 7.7% of cases died within 30 days of initial culture. The incidence of invasive S aureus was 156.3 per 100 000 persons. The age-adjusted incidence of invasive methicillin-resistant S aureus was 138.2 per 100 000 persons. Conclusions This community has a disproportionately high burden of invasive methicillin-resistant S aureus compared with the general US population. Interventions are urgently needed to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with these infections.
Islam and the Army in Colonial India: Sepoy Religion in the Service of Empire

Set in Hyderabad in the mid-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, this book, a study of the cultural world of the Muslim soldiers of colonial India, focuses on the soldiers' relationships with the faqir holy men who protected them and the British officers they served. Drawing on Urdu as well as European sources, the book uses the biographies of Muslim holy men and their military followers to recreate the extraordinary encounter between a barracks culture of miracle stories, carnivals, drug-use and madness with a colonial culture of mutiny memoirs, Evangelicalism, magistrates and the asylum. It explores the ways in which the colonial army helped promote this sepoy religion while at the same time attempting to control and suppress certain aspects of it. The book brings to light the existence of a distinct 'barracks Islam' and shows its importance to the cultural no less than the military history of colonial India.
“It’s My Fault”: Exploring Experiences and Mental Wellness Among Korean International Graduate Students

Mental health issues are on the rise on college campuses for all students, including international students. This qualitative study explores the mental wellness of Korean international graduate students, a sub-group that has received limited attention. By interviewing 18 Korean international graduate students in the United States, we found that limited English proficiency shapes various aspects of Korean international graduate students’ well-being; self-imposed pressures negatively influence mental wellness; self-blaming and an inability to express one’s feelings lead to further deterioration; and students turn to physical and religious/spiritual activities to improve their mental wellness. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Chronicle of a Death Foretold: Some Thoughts on Peasants and the Agrarian Ouestion

Auch in der intellektuellen Diskussion uber Bauern hat eine Verschiebung des Interesses von der politischen Okonomie zur poststrukturalen Frage der Identitat stattgefunden. Dies spiegelt die Entstehung neuer Formen der Politik und die wirtschaftliche (und diskursive) Globalisierung bauerlicher Gemeinwesen wider. Anstatt aber die klassischen Fragen, die Karl Kautsky vor mehr als hundert Jahren aufgeworfen hat, ganzlich aufzugeben oder zu der noch alteren Erzahlung vom 'Tod des Bauern' zuruckzukehren, erscheint es dem Autor wichtig darauf hinzuweisen, dass zwei unterschiedliche Prozesse im Gange sind: Zum einen erzeugt und zerstort das kapitalistische System kontinuierlich Raume, in denen Bauern als 'einfache Warenproduzenten' existieren und verelenden konnen. Zum anderen sollten die neuen Formen politischer Praxis und die neuartigen Produktionsverhaltnisse unter den Bedingungen der Globalisierung nicht als Anzeichen fur die endgultige Eliminierung der Bauern als 'einfache Warenproduzenten' interpretiert werden. Bauern sind aufgrund ihrer materiellen Existenzbedingungen nicht zu einer einzigen Form von politischer Praxis verdammt. Es scheint dem Autor nicht angemessen, Bauern in poststrukturalistischer Manier als subalterne, hybride oder grundlegend andere kulturelle Identitaten neu zu erfinden. Der Diskurs uber sie sollte sich nicht von der Sprache des Anachronismus und der Ausloschung anstecken lassen.
Development and Evaluation of an Online Toolkit for Managers of 9-1-1 Emergency Communications Centers to Reduce Occupational Stress.

This article describes the development and evaluation of an online workplace stress reduction toolkit for use by managers of 9-1-1 emergency communication centers (ECCs). A three-step process for d...
Progressive myocardial damage following recovery from diphtheria. A case showing development of complete heart block.

Abstract A case is presented of progressive impairment of cardiac conduction and myocardial function leading to complete A-V block during a period of 14 years following severe diphtheria with myocarditis. The mechanism of this progression is discussed.
Interval mapping of quantitative trait loci using a sib-pair linkage method.

Fulker and Cardon's interval mapping extension of Haseman and Elston's sib-pair linkage method was used to map loci affecting the quantitative phenotypes presented as part of Problem 2, both adjusted and not adjusted for covariates: Q1 was adjusted for age and the environmental factor (EF); Q2 and Q3 for EF; and Q4 for age, sex, and EF. Adjusted Q2 and Q4 were also log-transformed. The effect of candidate locus C5 (D5G28) on Q1 was detected by a test of association – apparently, allele 1 of C5 is protective (leading to lower values of Q1), allele 2 has no effect, and allele 3 contributes to elevated levels of Q1. C5 accounted for 5.2% of the variation in Q1; it was included as an additional concomitant in the adjustment procedure. Analysis of the correlational structure among the variables revealed that Q4 was not associated with either affected status or Q1 after controlling for the effects of age, and we concluded that Q4 probably does not itself play a role in the etiology of the disease. Mapping studies using a significance level of 0.05 lead to the detection of all the genes, but also resulted in a high frequency of false positive results. On the other hand, using a 0.0005 significance level resulted in the detection of D2G10-11 for both Q1 and Q3, and D1G2 was detected for Q2. One false positive was detected using this significance level and the effects of D1G2 on Q1 and D5G22-23 on Q4 were missed. There was no systematic effect of adjustment for covariates on the detection of loci, although in general, analysis of adjusted phenotypes yielded substantially higher rates of false positives. Finally, this mapping approach correctly located D1G2 and D2G10-11 for Q1 using the nonadjusted phenotype, and D1G10-11 for Q3 using the adjusted phenotype. The maximum difference between the estimated map location from the true location was 1.5 cM. It would be important to estimate the error interval around these inferred locations in order to assess the utility of this method for fine mapping over small (e.g., 2 cM) intervals. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Motor unit discharge behavior in older adults during maximal-effort contractions

A reduction in maximal force production is a common observation in older individuals. In an effort to determine whether aging is accompanied by reductions in central motoneuron drive limiting motor performance, motor unit discharge records were obtained from seven young (21–33 yr) and seven older (> 67 yr) adults. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects. The task required the subject to perform a maximal abduction of the second digit under isometric conditions. Motor unit potentials in the first dorsal interosseous were monitored by using a selective four-wire needle electrode and identified off-line with the aid of a Dantec electromyograph. The maximal discharge rate in the older adults (31.1 impulses/s) was significantly smaller (P < 0.05) than that in the younger subjects (50.9 impulses/s). These findings suggest that reductions in maximal force capability in older adults are partially due to an impaired ability to fully drive the surviving motor units.
Surgical management of coccidioidomycosis of the spine: Clinical article

Object Coccidioides immitis is a dimorphous fungus endemic in the southwestern US and northern Mexico. While its primary presentation is pulmonary, it can have devastating neurological sequelae. Methods The authors provide a retrospective review with long-term follow-up between 1986 and 2008 at a single institution. Results The authors identified 27 patients between 13 and 81 years old (mean 41.4 years) with spinal coccidioides who were treated surgically at the Barrow Neurological Institute between 1986 and 2008. There were 24 males (89%) and 3 females (11%). Eleven patients (41%) had cervical spine involvement, 15 (56%) had thoracic involvement, 7 (26%) had lumbar involvement, and 2 (7%) had sacral involvement. All 27 patients presented with localized or radiating pain. Nine patients (33%) had myelopathic symptoms at presentation, 5 (19%) had radiculopathy, 4 (15%) had fever, and 12 (44%) had progressive kyphosis. The disease was most frequently seen among African American patients (14 patients [52%]), ...
The effects of intervention techniques on children's fear of failure behavior.

Summary This study investigated the effects of self-reinforcement and group therapy intervention techniques in modifying the fear of failure motivation and classroom behavior of 123 male fourth- through sixth-grade inner-city economically deprived children. Results confirmed the ability of such techniques to provide success and reward experience for these children and develop internal patterns of positive reinforcement, feelings of competency, and self-esteem as measured by more realistic levels of aspiration, increases in academic performance, and decreases in a projective measure of fear of failure motivation. Classroom use of such easily trained intervention techniques by teachers was suggested.
Non-optimal unanimous agreement

In collective decision making, unanimous agreement is accepted as a benchmark for economic efficiency, because with everyone in agreement on an issue, a Pareto superior move will result from the issue's approval.1 This view of unanimous agreement is not completely accurate, though, because when unanimous agreement occurs under a less than unanimous decision rule, a situation could arise in which individuals could agree with a majority in order to avoid being in the minority. There is an important distinction to be made between a decision rule of unanimity and unanimous agreement under a less than unanimous decision rule. Under a unanimous decision making rule, every voter has veto power, and so can vote against an issue to keep it from being approved. This means that under a unanimous decision rule, nobody will approve an issue unless approval makes the individual better off that the status quo. Under a less inclusive rule like simple majority rule, an issue can be approved without the vote of any particular voter, as long as a majority of the voters approve. Typically, the voter's single vote will not affect the outcome of a majority rule election. Thus, the voter faces the more complex choice of being in the majority coalition or in the minority coalition. Sometimes a voter will be better off in the majority coalition than in the minority coalition even if changes proposed by the majority coalition make the voter worse off than the status quo. Therefore, one would not be justified in concluding that because there is unanimous agreement on an issue, everyone is made better off. Unanimous agreement under majority rule may result from all voters in a majority rule system being better off in the majority rather than the minority, even if the change that is unanimously approved is not a Pareto superior move.2 The general idea behind non-optimal unanimous agreement is relatively straightforward. Under majority rule, a majority has the power to exploit the minority.3 Therefore, under some situations, everybody joins the majority on an issue even though some find themselves worse off when the
Linking Science and Practice in Management of Childhood Language Disorders: Models and Problem-Solving Strategies.

Researchers, practitioners, as well as policy makers have shown increasing concern with persistent gaps between the generation and use of scientific knowledge in educational and therapeutic practices. This article includes an analysis of this issue with a specific focus on childhood language disorders. Two science-practice linkage models are presented with discussion of the applicability of each to improvements in practice. Strategies for integrating research within everyday practices are considered, including case examples that illustrate the formation, processes, and outcomes of partnerships between university-based researchers and practicing speech-language pathologists.
Predicting substance abuse and comorbidity in rural women

Substance abuse in women is underdiagnosed. Moreover, women are more likely to have a primary comorbid psychiatric disorder that complicates diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors that would predict substance abuse and primary comorbid psychiatric disorders in rural women. Discriminant function analysis identified 2 factors, alcohol beliefs and threats of minor violence, which correctly identified substance abusing women from nonsubstance abusing women, and women with nonsubstance use psychiatrc disorders from those with no psychiatric disorder. These 2 functions correctly classified 69% of women in the study. Psychiatric diagnoses and nursing implications are discussed.
Immunologically related multimeric forms of 30-40 kDa peptides associated with lung surfactant in various mammalian species.

Abstract A comparative study of lung surfactant associated proteins was undertaken to determine which mammalian species would best serve as models for investigating alterations of the human lung surfactant system. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified surfactants in the presence of dithiothreitol revealed that surfactant invariably contains at least one peptide with molecular weight of 30 000–40 000. In the absence of disulfide reducing agents, the above peptides were in the form of high molecular-weight proteins (> 400 kDa) in primates and cat, whereas in dog, rat and rabbit, the protein was a 72 kDa dimer. The 30–40 kDa peptide subunits were isolated from human, rat and dog surfactants and found to contain four or five residues of hydroxyproline. Antisera to either the human 34 kDa peptide or high-molecular-weight proteins reacted with the high-molecular-weight bands, the 34 kDa subunit and at least six intermediate disulfide-linked forms separated from purified human surfactant by electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions. Following electrophoresis in the presence of dithiothreitol, both antisera detected the 34 kDa peptide as well as other peptides ranging in molecular weight from 23 000 to 160 000. The isolated 34 kDa peptide readily reaggregated into disulfide-linked forms including 68 and 100 kDa complexes which were not reduced by 40 mM dithiothreitol. We conclude that the 34 kDa surfactant-associated peptide forms a complex system of monomeric and multimeric proteins, which varies among the species and could conceivably vary in distribution during lung development or disease.
Single pixel infrared camera using a carbon nanotube photodetector

Infrared (IR) cameras have versatile applications, but their applications were limited by the performance of photodetectors. Carbon nanotube (CNT) has been used to develop high performance IR detectors with high switching speed, low noise, and non-cryogenic cooled operation. However, it is very difficult to fabricate large scale CNT photodetector array that can be integrated in traditional IR camera structures. In order to utilize the outstanding performance of CNT photodetectors and overcome the fabrication difficulties, a single pixel IR camera system was presented: IR images irradiated on a digital micromirror device (DMD) array, which generates measurement matrixes according to compressive sensing algorithm; the sum of the projecting information from the DMD will be measured by a single CNT photodetector; the original image could be recovered through compressive sensing reconstruction algorithm. An IR image with size of 30×30 was recovered using this system with only 500 times of measurements. This work presents a novel imaging platform to effectively capture IR images.
Interactivity and Generalizability: New Media, New Challenges

This paper discusses potential challenges to research generalizability in studies on interactive communication. In interactive media contexts where users are enabled to individualize their communication, the generalizability of individual studies is likely lower than it is in studies on more conventional one-to-many communication. We discuss research strategies related to sample size and heterogeneity, focus on structural-invariant elements of communication media and processes, and finally refer to the recording and analyses of messages and communication processes as potential remedies to generalizability problems. A more explicit reflection on generalizability both in empirical studies as well as in the way the discipline deals with replication of previous work seems to be necessary.
Fluoroalkylethylenes and their epoxides

Abstract Fluoroalkylethylenes of types 1 and 2 are unresponsive to the usual reagents for epoxidation, but recent methods have made the epoxides and related halohydrins readily available. Use of the reagent X2/nSO3, which readily attacks the double bond of both 1 and 2, will be described in detail and compared to two other effective reagents. Halohydrins of 1 and 2 are readily obtained and converted to epoxides 3 and 4, the latter of which is a previously unknown class. Some chemistry of the intermediates and epoxides, including polymerization, will also be presented.
Statistical Comparison of Passenger Trip Delay and Flight Delay Metrics

The primary objective of the National Airspace System (NAS) is the transportation of passengers and cargo. Since passenger trip time performance is positively correlated with passenger satisfaction, airfare elasticity, and airline profits, it follows that the evaluation of performance and modernization of the NAS, as well as consumer protection, should be based on passenger trip performance (in addition to airline flight performance). Publicly available regulatory measures of NAS performance, however, are based on flight data and not passenger trip data. Researchers have demonstrated that the trip delays experienced by passengers disrupted by missed connections, canceled flights, and diverted flights are not negligible. Further, research demonstrated that flight delays are a poor proxy for measuring passenger trip delays. A comparative statistical analysis is described between flight delay data and estimated passenger trip delay data for 1 year's worth of flights on the 1,030 single-segment routes between...