cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observations of Cross-Shelf Flow Driven by Cross-Shelf Winds on the Inner Continental Shelf

Six-yr-long time series of winds, waves, and water velocity from a cabled coastal observatory in 12 m of water reveal the separate dependence of the cross-shelf velocity profile on cross-shelf and along-shelf winds, waves, and tides. During small waves, cross-shelf wind is the dominant mechanism driving the cross-shelf circulation after tides and tidal residual motions are removed. The along-shelf wind does not drive a substantial cross-shelf circulation. During offshore winds, the cross-shelf circulation is offshore in the upper water column and onshore in the lower water column, with roughly equal and opposite volume transports in the surface and bottom layers. During onshore winds, the circulation is nearly the reverse. The observed profiles and cross-shelf transport in the surface layer during winter agree with a simple two-dimensional unstratified model of cross-shelf wind stress forcing. The cross-shelf velocity profile is more vertically sheared and the surface layer transport is stronger in summer than in winter for a given offshore wind stress. During large waves, the cross-shelf circulation is no longer roughly symmetric in the wind direction. For onshore winds, the cross-shelf velocity profile is nearly vertically uniform, because the wind- and wavedriven shears cancel; for offshore winds, the profile is strongly vertically sheared because the wind- and wave-driven shears have the same sign. The Lagrangian velocity profile in winter is similar to the part of the Eulerian velocity profile due to cross-shelf wind stress alone, because the contribution of Stokes drift to the Lagrangian velocity approximately cancels the contribution of waves to the Eulerian velocity.
A high-throughput venom-gland transcriptome for the Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) and evidence for pervasive positive selection across toxin classes

Despite causing considerable human mortality and morbidity, animal toxins represent a valuable source of pharmacologically active macromolecules, a unique system for studying molecular adaptation, and a powerful framework for examining structure-function relationships in proteins. Snake venoms are particularly useful in the latter regard as they consist primarily of a moderate number of proteins and peptides that have been found to belong to just a handful of protein families. As these proteins and peptides are produced in dedicated glands, transcriptome sequencing has proven to be an effective approach to identifying the expressed toxin genes. We generated a venom-gland transcriptome for the Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) using Roche 454 sequencing technology. In the current work, we focus on transcripts encoding toxins. We identified 40 unique toxin transcripts, 30 of which have full-length coding sequences, and 10 have only partial coding sequences. These toxins account for 24% of the total sequencing reads. We found toxins from 11 previously described families of snake-venom toxins and have discovered two putative, previously undescribed toxin classes. The most diverse and highly expressed toxin classes in the C. adamanteus venom-gland transcriptome are the serine proteinases, metalloproteinases, and C-type lectins. The serine proteinases are the most abundant class, accounting for 35% of the toxin sequencing reads. Metalloproteinases are the most diverse; 11 different forms have been identified. Using our sequences and those available in public databases, we detected positive selection in seven of the eight toxin families for which sufficient sequences were available for the analysis. We find that the vast majority of the genes that contribute directly to this vertebrate trait show evidence for a role for positive selection in their evolutionary history.
Fighting dynamics of male copperheads,Agkistrodon contortrix (Serpentes, Viperidae): Stress‐induced inhibition of sexual behavior in losers

Adult male copperheads (Agkistrodon contortrix) fight for priority of access to females during the mating periods in spring and late summer. During fights, one male abruptly quits and retreats, and the other chases in pursuit. One male thus emerges as the winner and the other as the loser. Reversal of this outcome does not occur during the time of observation (30 min) nor in 24 hr postfight trials. In all cases, winners gain priority of access to females. Losers, in contrast, do not pursue females nor gain access to them, even when winners are removed from the arena. In this study, courtship performance of male A. contortrix was studied in the laboratory using subjects with either winning or losing experience from staged fights. All males used first were tested with a single female to determine courtship performance prior to the agonistic trials. From these tests, each male was given a single courtship score of 0 (no courtship) to 3 (most intense courtship). Only males receiving a score of 2–3 were used in the initial agonistic trials. All staged fights were conducted in a large arena and involved two males and one female. Following fights, winners and losers were tested again for courtship performance. In trials conducted at 24 hr and 7 days postfight, only losers were tested. It was found that prefight courtship scores were not significantly different between winners and losers. At 30 min postfight, most losers showed complete suppression of courtship behavior (score 0). Winners, in contrast, showed equivalent or an increase in their courtship scores. At 24 hr postfight, courtship scores of losers remained significantly lower than their prefight scores. At 7 days postfight, courtship scores of losers were not significantly difference from their original prefight scores. Fighting behavior in free-ranging A. contortrix represents a potentially significant cost to losers if it is associated with loss of reproductive opportunities. Recent evidence from hormonal studies indicates that inhibition of courtship and fighting behavior in male A. contortrix is stress-induced. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pediatric Body Packing

Background Recent events in the United States have led to increased security at national borders, resulting in an unexpected increase in drug seizures. In response, drug smugglers may begin using children as couriers, including using them as "body packers." Objective To look at the occurrence of body packing, the concealing of contraband within the human body, which is well documented in adults, in the pediatric literature. Patient Reports Two cases of pediatric body packing, in boys aged 16 years and 12 years. Patient 1, a 16-year-old boy, presented with findings consistent with opioid intoxication after arriving in the United States on a transcontinental flight. His mental status improved after he received naloxone hydrochloride, and he subsequently confessed to body packing heroin. He was treated with a naloxone infusion and aggressive gastrointestinal decontamination. He ultimately passed 53 packets of heroin, one of which had ruptured. He recovered uneventfully. Patient 2, a 12-year-old boy, presented to the emergency department with rectal bleeding. He had recently arrived in the United States from Europe, and he confessed to body packing heroin. He was treated with whole-bowel irrigation and activated charcoal, and he subsequently passed 84 packets. He also recovered uneventfully. Conclusions We report the first 2 cases of body packing in the pediatric literature and review the diagnosis and management of this clinical entity. Pediatricians should be aware that body packing, regrettably, is not confined to the adult population.
A hybrid control system for puppeteering a live robotic stage actor

This paper describes a robotic puppeteering system used in a theatrical production involving one robot and two human performers on stage. We draw from acting theory and human-robot interaction to develop a hybrid-control puppeteering interface which combines reactive expressive gestures and parametric behaviors with a point-of-view eye contact module. Our design addresses two core considerations: allowing a single operator to puppeteer the robotpsilas full range of behaviors, and allowing for gradual replacement of human-controlled modules by autonomous subsystems. We wrote a play specifically for a performance between two humans and one of our research robots, a robotic lamp which embodied a lead role in the play. We staged three performances with the robot as part of a local festival of new plays. Though we have yet to perform a formal statistical evaluation of the system, we interviewed the actors and director and present their feedback about working with the system.
Quantum Few-Mode Fiber Communications Based on the Orbital Angular Momentum

We study a quantum few-mode fiber (FMF) communication scheme based on orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes and applied quantum information theory to develop the quantum FMF channel model and to calculate the quantum channel capacity. We assume a strong mode-coupling regime in FMF and an imperfect generation of OAM modes. The quantum FMF channel is modeled as a concatenation of many fiber sections describing the OAM eigenkets transitions as a Markov chain. The proposed model is suitable for the study of the multidimensional quantum key distribution and teleportation over FMFs. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the ability of the model to determine the FMF output density state for a given input density state. It is shown that FMF quantum channel capacity decreases with distance in a strong coupling regime if OAM basekets are imperfectly generated.
Two-year prospective naturalistic study of remission from major depressive disorder as a function of personality disorder comorbidity

In this study, the authors examined prospectively the 24-month natural course of remission from major depressive disorder (MDD) as a function of personality disorder (PD) comorbidity. In 302 participants (196 women, 106 men), psychiatric and PDs were assessed at baseline with diagnostic interviews, and the course of MDD was assessed with the Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation at 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-ups. Survival analyses revealed an overall 24-month remission rate of 73.5% for MDD that differed little by gender. Participants with MDD who had certain forms of coexisting PD psychopathology (schizotypal, borderline, or avoidant) as their primary PD diagnoses had a significantly longer time to remission from MDD than did patients with MDD without any PD. These PDs emerged as robust predictors of slowed remission from MDD even when controlling for other negative prognostic predictors.
Optimal planning for information acquisition

This paper presents an algorithm for active search where the goal is to calculate optimal trajectories for autonomous robots during data acquisition tasks. Formulating the problem as parameter estimation enables us to use Fisher information to create an explicit connection between robot dynamics and the informative regions of the search space. We use optimal control to automate design of trajectories that spend time in regions proportional to the probability of collecting informative data and use acquired data to update the probability closed-loop. Experimental and simulated results use a robotic electrosense platform to localize a feature in one-dimension. We demonstrate that this method is robust with respect to disturbances and initial conditions, and results in successful localization of the feature with a 100% experimental success rate and a 34% reduction in localization time compared to the next best tested controller.
Assessment of the activation, decay heat, and waste disposal of the US helium-cooled ceramic breeder test blanket module in ITER

Abstract The radioactivity inventory and decay heat in the US helium-cooled ceramic breeder (HCCB) test blanket module (TBM) have been assessed at shutdown and for several times thereafter. The sub-module will have its own FW and structural container box that houses the breeder and beryllium pebble bed units, arranged in an edge-on-configuration. Low activation ferritic steel (F82H) is used as the structure and helium is used as a coolant. The breeder beds are made of Li2TiO3 pebbles in which lithium has been enriched up to 75% in Li-6. Pulsed operation mode is assumed. During operation in the D-T phase, the total heating rate in the TBM is ∼263 kW. The total amount of tritium generated in the breeder and the beryllium multiplier is ∼9 g and 0.07 g, respectively, after reaching the 0.3 MWa/m2 fluence limit. At shutdown, the total radioactivity and decay heat levels are ∼0.89 MCi and ∼0.002 MW, respectively. These values drop sharply after 1 min to ∼0.098 MCi and ∼0.0006 MW. The contribution from the F82H structure is the dominant one up to ∼10 years following shutdown. After ∼10 years, the contribution to the total activation and decay heat from the breeder material is the dominant one due to the generated tritium. The WDR of various components are far below unity and thus are well within ITER regulatory guidelines.
Increase in Activity During Calorie Restriction Requires Sirt1

Sir2 (silent information regulator 2) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase required for longevity due to calorie restriction in yeast and Drosophila. In mammals, calorie restriction induces a complex pattern of physiological and behavioral changes. Here we report that the mammalian Sir2 ortholog, Sirt1, is required for the induction of a phenotype by calorie restriction in mice.
Designing resilient networks using a hybrid genetic algorithm approach

As high-speed networks have proliferated across the globe, their topologies have become sparser due to the increased capacity of communication media and cost considerations. Reliability has been a traditional goal within network design optimization of sparse networks. This paper proposes a genetic approach that uses network resilience as a design criterion in order to ensure the integrity of network services in the event of component failures. Network resilience measures have been previously overlooked as a network design objective in an optimization framework because of their computational complexity - requiring estimation by simulation. This paper analyzes the effect of noise in the simulation estimator used to evaluate network resilience on the performance of the proposed optimization approach.
Billion-fold rate enhancement of urethane polymerization via the photothermal effect of plasmonic gold nanoparticles

We use the photothermal effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to provide billion-fold enhancement of on-demand bulk-scale curing of polyurethane. We follow the course of this polymerization using infrared spectroscopy, where we can observe the loss of both isocyanate and alcohol stretches, and the rise of the urethane modes. Application of 12.5 MW cm−2 of 532 nm light to a solution of isocyanate and alcohol with 0.08% w/v of 2 nm AuNPs results in the billion-fold enhancement of the rate of curing. This result is intriguing, as it demonstrates the ability of nanoscale heat to drive bulk transformations. In addition, the reaction is strongly exothermic and results in a relatively weak bond, both of which would preclude the use of bulk-scale heat, highlighting the unique utility of the photothermal effect for driving thermal reactions.
A review of recent research (2000–2008) on applied linguistics and language teaching with specific reference to L2 Spanish

Esta resena presenta una vision general de los estudios sobre espanol como segunda lengua en contextos educativos. La tematica y el ambito geografico es amplio a fin de captar la diversidad de alumnos y contextos de aprendizaje de espanol L2 a solo dos decadas de que la ensenanza de este idioma adquiriera impetu a nivel global. Los alumnos tradicionales de segunda lengua o lengua extranjera, hablantes de herencia, inmigrantes y ninos indigenas presentan una variedad de contextos de investigacion que contribuye y expande las disciplinas de ensenanza y aprendizaje de segunda lengua/lengua extranjera, linguistica aplicada y sociolinguistica. Siguiendo tendencias iniciadas en anos anteriores en adquisicion de segunda lengua, y en relacion con investigaciones sobre otros idiomas, los temas principales en este periodo reciente han sido la adquisicion y ensenanza del sistema linguistico, procesos de aprendizaje y su contexto social. La resena se organiza tematicamente segun estas categorias principales.This review presents a broad picture of recent work on L2 Spanish1 in educational contexts. The thematic and geographic scope of the review is wide, in order to capture the diversity of learners and learning contexts of L2 Spanish, just two decades after teaching and learning the language gained impetus worldwide. Traditional second or foreign language learners, heritage learners, immigrants and indigenous children provide a variety of contexts for research that builds on and expands the fields of second and foreign language learning and teaching, applied linguistics and sociolinguistics. Continuing the trend from previous years in SLA, and in connection with research on learners of other languages, main themes in this time period have been the acquisition and teaching of the language system, learning processes, and social contexts of learning. The review is organized thematically according to these main categories.
RODENT COMMUNITIES IN ACTIVE AND INACTIVE COLONIES OF BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE DOGS IN SHORTGRASS STEPPE

Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) alter shortgrass-steppe landscapes in ways that are expected to affect other mammals. I sampled rodent populations at 31 sites on the Pawnee National Grasslands, Colorado, including 18 active colonies, 6 colonies that had been unoccupied for .6 years (inactive), and 7 grassland sites without prairie dogs (controls). Rodents were livetrapped for 4 consecutive nights at each site between May and August 2004 to estimate relative abundance. I also measured vegetation and habitat characteristics. Northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster) and 13-lined ground squirrels (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) were captured on most (� 87%) of the sites and comprised 40% and 34% of individuals captured, respectively. Species richness ranged from 1 to 6 species, but most sites had only these 2 species. Grasshopper mice tended to be more abundant on colony sites than on controls, although differences were not statistically significant. Ground squirrels were least abundant on active colonies, and most abundant on inactive colonies, followed by controls. Habitat types did not differ in their abundance of any other species or in total rodent abundance; however, active colony area influenced total rodent abundance, with small colonies supporting fewer individuals. Controls supported the most rodent species, in part because these sites consistently had taller grass, which presumably provided habitat and food for less common species (Chaetodipus hispidus, Perognathus flavus, and Reithrodontomys megalotis). In shortgrass steppe, active colonies provided habitat for grasshopper mice, which may be involved in maintenance and spread of plague, but did not support consistently higher rodent species richness than the surrounding grasslands.
Indirect detection of self-interacting asymmetric dark matter

Self-interacting dark matter resolves the issue of cuspy profiles that appear in noninteracting cold dark matter simulations; it may additionally resolve the so-called ``too big to fail'' problem in structure formation. Asymmetric dark matter provides a natural explanation of the comparable densities of baryonic matter and dark matter. In this paper, we discuss unique indirect detection signals produced by a minimal model of self-interacting asymmetric scalar dark matter. Through the formation of dark matter bound states, a dark force mediator particle may be emitted; the decay of this particle may produce an observable signal. We estimate the produced signal and explicitly demonstrate parameters for which the signal exceeds current observations.
The slow road to memory loss

β-Amyloid (Aβ) accumulation in the brain is associated with cognitive decline in both Alzheimer’s disease and normal aging. In a new study, Mander and colleagues investigated how Aβ pathology may lead to worse cognitive performance in humans. Because Aβ deposits co-occur with poorer sleep in humans and, in a mouse model, with disrupted NREM (nonrapid eye movement) sleep, the authors examined whether its effects on slow-wave activity during NREM sleep influenced cognition. The investigators measured Aβ pathology in the medial prefrontal cortex of human subjects using positive emission tomography with Pittsburgh compound B. Slow-wave activity was measured by EEG during an overnight sleep study. Participants performed a word-pair memory task before and after sleep; the authors monitored subjects’ hippocampal activation by functional magnetic resonance imaging during the after-sleep memory task. They found an association (i) between more Aβ pathology in the medial prefrontal cortex and decreased slow (0.6-1 Hz) waves during NREM sleep; (ii) between decreased slow waves and increased hippocampal activation; and (iii) between decreased slow waves and worse performance on the morning memory task. Using path analysis, a statistical method to test whether associations are direct or indirect, they found that the best model was one in which the degree of Aβ pathology was indirectly associated with worse memory, whereas slow-wave activity and hippocampal activation were intermediaries. These results suggest that Aβ pathology may impair cognitive performance by disrupting brain function during sleep rather than by directly affecting brain function during wakefulness. Although this study is cross-sectional and therefore cannot determine causality, these data are consistent with a cascade in which Aβ pathology degrades sleep and consequently cognitive performance. Therefore, disrupted slow-wave activity during NREM sleep may be an intermediate mechanism that results in cognitive decline in aging and Alzheimer’s disease, as well as a marker of β-amyloid pathology. B. A. Mander et al ., β-amyloid disrupts human NREM slow waves and related hippocampus-dependent memory consolidation. Nat. Neurosci. 10.1038/nn.4035 (2015). [[Full Text ]][1] [1]: http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nn.4035.html
Measuring the Human Factor in Information Security and Privacy

In this paper, we describe the development and validation of three survey instruments designed to measure the human factor in information security and privacy. These instruments are intended to measure the extent to which people engage in the responses necessary to mitigate three different information security and privacy threats: computer performance compromise, personal information compromise, and loss of data and files. This paper makes a significant contribution by providing validated survey instruments that can be used by other researchers in the future. The instruments may be used in combination with various theoretical approaches, such as Protection Motivation Theory. Likewise, researchers may opt to use one, two, or all three survey instruments, depending on the particular needs of the research question(s) being addressed. Response pattern statistics are also provided along with suggestions for how the instruments may be used.
Systems approaches in emergency medical services: the history, the impact, and the future.

Systems approaches have been important in planning and evaluating emergency medical services (EMS) systems. However, maximal use of systems approaches are limited by small political boundaries, the lack of user-friendly systems tools, and the need for EMS planning staffs who are familiar with these systems tools. Developing technology, particularly communications, will continue to have a great impact on EMS delivery. In addition, the need is seen for continuing advances in systems concepts, and in particular, the promotion and incorporation of health and prevention of injury as systems concepts. Language: en
A Systematic Study of the Structural and Luminescence Properties of P-Type Porous Silicon

The structural and luminescence properties of (001) p-type porous silicon samples (p∼0.1-0.2 Ω•cm) fabricated electrochemically under various conditions were investigated using high resolution double and triple axis diffraction and photoluminescence spectroscopy. We show the sensitivity of the structure of the porous silicon to the current density in the range of 10-50 mA/cm2, HF acid concentration in the range of 15% - 30%, and the evolution of the structure with time. We have found a systematic dependence of the amount of strain in the porous silicon layer (PSL) on the current density. The effect of the HF concentration is such that at 25% and 30% HF, PSLs are formed which are crystalline and strained, but at a lower HF concentration (15%), strained layers are not formed. The perpendicular strain in the layer increases linearly with storage time but the in-plane lattice constant of the porous silicon remains matched to the substrate. Further, we utilized x-ray reciprocal space maps to observe that, with storage time, there is an increase in the diffuse scattering from the PSL due to an increase in the range of tilts in the layer. Room temperature photoluminescence emission was observed for all 15% and 25% HF samples, but not for all 30% HF samples. Higher peak luminescence energy was obtained with lower HF concentration. Finally, we note the relationship between the strain in the PSL and the luminescence properties.
Comment on "Elastic Membrane Deformations Govern Interleaflet Coupling of Lipid-Ordered Domains".

In lieu of abstract, first paragraph reads: Galimzyanov et al. [1] find that line tension between thick liquid-ordered ($L_{o}$) and thinner liquid-disordered ($L_{d}$) registered lipid bilayer phases is minimised by an asymmetric "slip region", length $L\!\sim\!5\,\textrm{nm}$ (Fig. 1). They claim that line tensions alone explain domain registration, without "direct" (area-dependent) inter-leaflet interaction [2,3]. We show this is unfounded, without direct interaction their results would predict \textit{antiregistration}, dependent on composition. To find equilibrium from line energies, line \textit{tensions} must be combined with interfacial lengths for given states at given composition. This was not done in [1].
Covariate shift method using approximated density ratios

A common assumption in the field of machine learning is that the data used for training and the target data in which the model is applied share the same distribution. While this may hold in many applications, in many other cases the assumption does not hold. We may want to do classification in certain domain in which we do not have enough labeled data but we have enough data in a different but related dataset. The field of transfer learning deal with such cases. The main problem solved by transfer learning is how to use information collected in a different domain in order to improve the inference performance in another domain. A special case is when we want to solve the same task in two datasets that have different marginal distributions. In those cases it is possible to use a method known as covariate shift in which we weight the training distribution using the density ratios in order to make inference on the target distribution. We show how a recently developed method can be used to estimate the weights needed in the covariate shift method and how this can be used in the transfer learning setting obtaining encouraging results.
Surgical Management of the Axilla in Breast Cancer.

Abstract This article offers a review of the literature on current surgical management of the axilla in breast cancer. This includes the decision-making process involved in clinically node-negative patients versus clinically node-positive patients, with discussion of the indications for sentinel lymph node biopsy versus axillary dissection. It also examines the surgical axillary management of patients who receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This article will help update practicing surgeons on the evolving research and guidelines for the management of breast cancer axillary disease.
Amino acid auxotrophy as a system of immunological control nodes

Cells of the immune system are auxotrophs for most amino acids, including several nonessential ones. Arginine and tryptophan are used within the regulatory immune networks to control proliferation and function through pathways that actively deplete the amino acid from the microenvironment or that create regulatory molecules such as nitric oxide or kynurenines. How immune cells integrate information about essential amino acid supplies and then transfer these signals to growth and activation pathways remains unclear but has potential for pathway discovery about amino sensing. In applied research, strategies to harness amino acid auxotrophy so as to block cancerous lymphocyte growth have been attempted for decades with limited success. Emerging insights about amino acid metabolism may lead to new strategies in clinical medicine whereby both amino acid auxotrophy and the immunoregulatory pathways controlled by amino acids can be manipulated.
Parental Understanding of Hospital Course and Discharge Plan.

OBJECTIVES: Hospital discharge marks an important transition in care from the inpatient team to the family and primary care provider. Parents must know the hospital course and discharge plan to care for their child at home and provide background for future providers. Our study aimed to determine parental knowledge of key aspects of their child’s hospital course and discharge plan and to identify markers of increased risk for incomplete or incorrect knowledge among participants. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive prospective cohort study of parents within 24 hours of hospital discharge. The primary outcome was concordance of parent responses to verbal interview questions about their child’s hospital treatment, laboratory testing, imaging, procedures and discharge plan with the medical record. RESULTS: Of 174 participants, 15% felt less than “completely prepared” to explain the hospital course to their primary care provider or to provide care after discharge. There was >83% overall concordance with interview responses and the medical record, with concordance higher for hospital course events than discharge plan. There were few significant differences in understanding between trainee-based teams and the attending physician–run unit. No patient or family characteristics were consistently associated with poor understanding of hospital course or discharge plan. CONCLUSIONS: Although parents were generally knowledgeable about hospital course and discharge plan, areas for improved communication were identified. Individualized counseling about hospital course and discharge plan should be initiated for all parents early during hospitalization. Methods that assess and bolster caregiver comprehension and minimize dependence on written instructions may help with transition to outpatient care.
For the Benefit of Humanity: Values in Micro, Meso, Macro, and Meta Levels in Engineering

The goal of this essay is to sketch a taxonomic outline of values within engineering. Any desire to understand the technology-society relationship would presumably benefit from investigating the values that inform engineering work, since that work is largely proximate to the production of technologies. More specifically, an understanding of the values constitutive of and operating within engineering at a multitude of levels can potentially aid in understanding how engineers go from thought to thing in the processes of design and manufacture. I propose a four-level hierarchy of engineering values, at the micro, meso, macro, and meta levels. Values at the micro level correspond to those values operative at the level of specific, detailed engineering tasks. Meso level values are those values operative in the process of translating functional descriptions of designs into structural descriptions – that is, at the creative level of engineering design. At the macro-level, I refer to the values operative for engineers at the economic/organizational level – that is, at the level at which engineers intersect heavily with non-technical interests. Finally, the meta level comprises overarching values that presumably inform all of engineering work.
Lessons Learned and Next Steps

This chapter provides a cohesive summary of the major “lessons learned” from our review of the literature and the findings from the SupportNet project. These are presented in a user-friendly manner offering recommendations for future work in this area and how the military in particular, and others in general, might approach these issues in different contexts. We emphasize the next steps necessary for deploying our coaching/web-based support system to enhance social support and self-efficacy. This chapter closes with a section of critical resources and links we have gathered over the four years of this project that might be helpful for military providers and their stakeholders as well as the broader therapist community.
Mental Health Promotion and Prevention: A Call for Action

Recent United Nations statements have included mental health and well-being. We are calling for action of medical students and physicians into the new UN proposed challenges.
Ring-Puckering Potential Energy Functions for Trimethylene Sulfide and Its Monovalent Cation.

The spectra and ring-puckering potential energy function for trimethylene sulfide cation (TMS+) from vacuum ultraviolet mass-analyzed threshold ionization spectra have recently been reported. To provide an in-depth comparison of the potential function with that of trimethylene sulfide (TMS) itself, we have used ab initio MP2/cc-pVTZ calculations and DFT B3LYP/cc-pVTZ calculations to predict the structures of both TMS and TMS+ and then used these to calculate coordinate-dependent ring-puckering kinetic energy functions for both species. These kinetic energy functions allowed us to calculate refined potential energy functions of the puckering for both molecules based on the previously published spectra. TMS has an experimental barrier of 271 cm–1 and energy minima at ring-puckering angles of ±29°. For TMS+ the barrier is 60 cm–1 and the energy minima correspond to ring-puckering angles of ±21°. The lower barrier for the cation reflects the smaller amount of angle strain in the ring angles for TMS+.
The association of donor age and survival is independent of ischemic time following deceased donor lung transplantation.

Purpose Early research suggests prolonged ischemic time in older donor lungs is associated with decreased survival following lung transplantation. The purpose of this study was to determine if this association holds in the post-LAS era. Methods We analyzed the UNOS database 2005-2013 for adult recipients of cadaveric lung transplants. Cox proportional hazards modeling was utilized to determine the association of donor age, ischemic time, and the interaction of donor age and ischemic time with transplant-free survival. Results 11,835 patients met criteria. Median donor age was 32 years and median ischemic time was 4.9hr. Cox modeling demonstrated that donor age 50-60 (adjusted HR: 1.11) and ≥60 (adjusted HR: 1.42) were associated with reduced overall survival. Neither ischemic time nor interaction of ischemic time and donor age were significantly associated with overall survival. Sub-analysis demonstrated that this finding held true for patients undergoing either single or bilateral lung transplantation. Conclusions Prolonged ischemic time is not associated with decreased overall survival in patients undergoing lung transplantation regardless of the donor's age. However, donor age >50 is independently associated with decreased survival. The lack of an association between ischemic time and survival should encourage broader geographic allocation of pulmonary allografts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Isolationist Policies Threaten Public Health

An editorial is presented which argues that U.S. President Donald Trump's isolationist policies are a threat to public health in places such as America, and it mentions Trump's views about the Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement, the construction of a border wall between the U.S. and Mexico, and restrictions on the entry of immigrants and refugees into America. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's strategies are examined, along with quarantines and an Ebola virus crisis.
A toxic imbalance of Hsp70s in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is caused by competition for cofactors.

Summary Molecular chaperones are responsible for managing protein folding from translation through degradation. These crucial machines ensure that protein homeostasis is optimally maintained for cell health. However, ‘too much of a good thing’ can be deadly, and the excess of chaperones can be toxic under certain cellular conditions. For example, overexpression of Ssa1, a yeast Hsp70, is toxic to cells in folding-challenged states such as [PSI+]. We discovered that overexpression of the nucleotide exchange factor Sse1 can partially alleviate this toxicity. We further argue that the basis of the toxicity is related to the availability of Hsp70 cofactors, such as Hsp40 J-proteins and nucleotide exchange factors. Ultimately, our work informs future studies about functional chaperone balance and cautions against therapeutic chaperone modifications without a thorough examination of cofactor relationships.
Nephroureterectomy with Bladder Cuff

Urothelial cancer of the upper urinary tract is an uncommon urological malignancy. In cases of high-grade malignancy and/or tumor burden not amenable to minimally invasive procedures such as endoscopic resection and/or laser versus electrocautery fulguration, the gold standard has been open nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision. With the advent of laparoscopy and robotic surgery, nephroureterectomy can be performed in minimally invasive fashion with comparable oncological outcomes and with decreased morbidity. In this chapter, we review the technique of minimally invasive nephroureterectomy and discuss its complications, with particular focus on those associated with distal ureterectomy and bladder cuff excision and the means to prevent such complications.
Demonstration of exponential random graph models in tourism studies: Is tourism a means of global peace or the bottom line?

Abstract Most social network analyses conducted in hospitality and tourism studies are merely descriptive. Despite the recent popularity of exponential-family of random graph models (ERGMs) in various scientific investigations, no studies have utilized these inferential methods of network analysis in hospitality and tourism studies. In some contexts, the power of these methods is undeniably superior to those of conventional statistical tests. Accordingly, in the current study, by using the controversial subject of tourism-peace, I demonstrated how ERGMs can be used in hypotheses testing and statistical modeling in hospitality and tourism context. The results of this study suggest that a change of perspective in tourism-peace discourse from tourism as a peacemaker to tourism as a peacekeeper can be a valid approach concerning the long-lasting debates on the relationship between tourism and peace.
On the diphasic nature of vasovagal fainting associated with blood-injury-illness phobia.

A detailed psychophysiologic analysis of a vasovagal faint occurring in a “blood-injury-illness” phobic demonstrated that the syncopal episode consisted of a diphasic response. This lends support to the hypothesis that vasovagal fainting in these patients is caused by an overcompensating rebound parasympathetic activation following sympathetic arousal. Treatment and research implications of this finding are discussed.
Cyclo (His-Pro): A selective inhibitor of rat prolactin secretion in vitro

Abstract Cyclo (His-Pro) (10 ng/ml), inhibits KCl (59 mM) or thyrotropin-releasing hormone (10 ng/ml) stimulated, but not basal, release of prolactin from rat hemipituitaries in vitro . However, cyclo (His-Pro) has no effect on the basal or stimulated release of thyrotropin and growth hormone. Cyclo (His-Pro) does not inhibit the binding of thyrotropin-releasing hormone to pituitary membrane suggesting that cyclo (His-Pro) inhibition of prolactin release is not mediated via the pituitary TRH-receptor.
Strongyloidiasis: A case with acute pancreatitis and a literature review

Strongyloides stercoralis, a soil transmitted helminth infection, affects millions with varying prevalence worldwide. A large number of affected hosts are asymptomatic. Symptoms pertaining to pulmonary and gastrointestinal involvement may be present. Manifestations of involvement beyond lung and intestine can be seen with dissemination of infection and lethal hyperinfection. Immunosuppression secondary to use of steroids or other immunosuppressants and coexistence of human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 are the known risk factors for dissemination and hyperinfection. Diagnostic modalities comprise stool examination, serology and molecular testing. Stool tests are inexpensive but are limited by low sensitivity, whereas serologic and molecular tests are more precise but at the expense of higher cost. Treatment with Ivermectin or Albendazole as an alternative is safe and efficacious. We present a rare case of acute pancreatitis secondary to Strongyloides. High index of suspicion in patients specifically from endemic countries of origin and lack of other common etiologies of acute pancreatitis may help in early diagnosis and prompt treatment of this potentially fatal infection.
Heading Attitude Drifts Controlled by the Angular Accelerations Instead of Using Magnetometers

To reduce the Euler angular drift caused by the gyroscopes bias in zero-drift, the IMU sensors of the integrated accelerometers and gyroscopes was needing to work with either magnetometer, GNSS, or odometer and so on to revise Euler angle drift in the attitude estimation. Nevertheless, these methods may not work well in some there are the alternated electro-magnetic field or GNSS-denied in the IMU working environment. In detailed analyses, although the random played main roles in the gyroscope drifts, the gyroscope drifts had surely related the angular acceleration of IMU based on the estimating correlation of the angular accelerations of the gyroscopes and Euler angles. In the zero-drift experiment, the angular errors and angular acceleration errors both refilled to cancel the residual of the gyroscope bias. Thus, the second PID loop working on the renewable quaternion was designed principally to compensate the gyroscope bias errors through the balanced the angular acceleration errors of the gyroscopes and the Euler angles. The designing double closed loop algorithm shows the Euler angle drifts rotating in a fixed point have been efficiently improved several times comparing to the angular drifts measured by the complementary filter method. Thus, instead of using magnetometers, the experiment provides a new way to use IMU technology in the magnetic or GPS-denied environment. It is expectable that MEMS IMU could find more applications in the future.
Hydatidiform moles: Ancillary techniques to refine diagnosis

Context.— Distinction of hydatidiform moles from nonmolar specimens and subclassification of hydatidiform moles as complete hydatidiform mole versus partial hydatidiform mole are important for clinical practice and investigational studies. Risk of persistent gestational trophoblastic disease and clinical management differ for these entities. Diagnosis based on morphology is subject to interobserver variability and remains problematic, even for experienced gynecologic pathologists. Objectives.— To explain how ancillary techniques target the unique genetic features of hydatidiform moles to establish diagnostic truth, highlight the issue of diagnostic reproducibility and importance of diagnostic accuracy, and illustrate use of p57 immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction–based DNA genotyping for diagnosis. Data Sources.— Sources are the author's 10-year experience using ancillary techniques for the evaluation of potentially molar specimens in a large gynecologic pathology practice and the literatur...
An algorithm for real-time, continuous evaluation of left ventricular mechanics by single-beat estimation of arterial and ventricular elastance.

We describe a computer algorithm that allows continuous, real-timeevaluation of ventricular elastance (Ees), arterial elastance (Ea), and theircoupling ratio in a clinical setting. In the conventional pressure-volumeanalysis of left ventricular (LV) contractility, invasive methods of volumedetermination and a significant, rapid preload reduction are required togenerate Ees. With the help of automated border detection by transesophagealechocardiography, and a technique of estimating peak LVisovolumic pressure, Ea and Ees were determined from a single cardiac beatwithout the need for preload reduction. A comparison of results obtained bya conventional approach and the new algorithm technique, showed goodcorrelation for Ea (r = 0.86, p < 0.001) and Ees(r = 0.74, p = 0.001). Bias analysis showed a bias (d) of1.47 mmHg/cm2 for Ea with a standard deviation (SD) of 7.03mmHg/cm 2, and upper (d+2SD) and lower (d−2SD)limits of agreement of 15.25 mmHg/cm2 and −12.31mmHg/cm2, respectively. Bias analysis showed a bias of−1.42 mmHg/cm2 for Ees with a SD of 4.88mmHg/cm2, and limits of agreement of 8.15mmHg/cm2 and −10.98 mmHg/cm2. Thealgorithm’s stability to artifacts was also analyzed by comparingmagnitudes of residuals of Ea and Ees from source signals with and withoutnoise. With Ea differing by an average of 1.036 mmHg/cm2 andEes differing by an average of 0.836 mmHg/cm2, the algorithmwas found to be stable to artifacts in the source signals.
On Classification Approaches for Crystallographic Symmetries of Noisy 2D Periodic Patterns

The analytical classification approaches for the crystallographic symmetries of patterns that are more or less periodic in two dimensions (2D) are reviewed. Pseudo-symmetries of different types, which are not rare as far as 2D projections from three-dimensional (3D) crystals are concerned, are briefly mentioned as they present severe challenges to most classification approaches when noise levels are moderate to high. The author's information theory based approaches utilize digital images and geometric Akaike Information Criteria. They perform well in the presence of pseudo-symmetries and turn out to be the only ones that allow for researcher independent (but generalized noise level dependent), classifications of the full range of crystallographic symmetries, i.e., Bravais lattice type, Laue class, and plane symmetry group, of noisy real-world images.
Classification of Aerial Point Clouds with Deep Learning

Abstract. Due to their usefulness in various implementations, such as energy evaluation, visibility analysis, emergency response, 3D cadastre, urban planning, change detection, navigation, etc., 3D city models have gained importance over the last decades. Point clouds are one of the primary data sources for the generation of realistic city models. Beside model-driven approaches, 3D building models can be directly produced from classified aerial point clouds. This paper presents an ongoing research for 3D building reconstruction based on the classification of aerial point clouds without given ancillary data (e.g. footprints, etc.). The work includes a deep learning approach based on specific geometric features extracted from the point cloud. The methodology was tested on the ISPRS 3D Semantic Labeling Contest (Vaihingen and Toronto point clouds) showing promising results, although partly affected by the low density and lack of points on the building facades for the available clouds.
IMPACT OF ASYMPTOMATIC HIV INFECTION AND HIV/AIDS ON THE OUTCOME OF PATIENTS ADMITTED WITH HEART FAILURE: A NATIONWIDE ANALYSIS

HIV infection is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity. It is still poorly understood whether there are significant differences between individuals with asymptomatic HIV infection and HIV/AIDS. This is a retrospective cohort study using the 2016 National Inpatient Sample database. We