cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using security metrics coupled with predictive modeling and simulation to assess security processes

It is hard for security practitioners and decision-makers to know what level of protection they are getting from their investments in security, especially when they have invested in a number of technologies and processes which interact and combine together. It is even harder to estimate how well these investments can be expected to protect their organizations in the future as security policies, regulations and the threat environment are constantly changing. In this paper we propose that for measuring the effectiveness of security processes in large organizations, a greater emphasis needs to be put on process-based metrics, in contrast to the more commonly used symptomatic lagging indicators. We show, by means of two case studies, how these process-based metrics can be combined with executable, predictive models, based on a sound mathematical foundation, to both assess organizations' security processes under current conditions and predict how well they are likely to perform in potential future scenarios, which may include changes in working practices, policies or threat levels, or new investments in security. We present two case studies, in the areas of vulnerability threat management, and identity and access management, as significant examples to illustrate how this modeling and simulation-based approach can be used to provide a rich picture of how well existing security processes are protecting the organization and to answer "what-if" questions, such as exploring the effects of a change in security policy or an investment in new security technology. Our approach enables the organization to apply the metrics that are most relevant to its business, and provide a comprehensive view that shows the benefits and losses to the different stakeholders.
Soldiers and Civilians: The Civil–Military Gap and American National Security

Nearly 5 years ago Eliot A. Cohen observed the results of the findings of the Defense Task Force (DTF) to indicate “deep and pervasive difficulties plague American civil–military relations.” Concer...
Firming the Floppy Penis: Age, Class, and Gender Relations in the Lives of Old Men

Studies of manhood neglect the old just as social gerontology avoids theorizing masculinity, but theories of age relations have much to offer to the scholarship of men. Preliminary study of a mass-...
Qatrania, new basal anthropoid primate from the Fayum, Oligocene of Egypt

Recent excavations in Egypt organized by the Geological Survey of Egypt and Duke University have recovered many fossil primate specimens, most of which come from upper levels of the Jebel Qatrani Formation (early Oligocene) including Aegyptopithecus, Propliopithecus, Parapithecus and Apidium1–3. Screening at Quarry E in lower levels of the formation has also revealed a new small anthropoid described as Qatrania wingi. Qatrania is a primitive member of the Parapithecidae and possibly most closely allied to Parapithecus fraasi. This new species is the earliest African anthropoid known, equal in age and from the same quarry as Oligopithecus4. Its small size and details of molar structure point to a mainly frugivorous diet like some extant African prosimians and South American callithrichids.
Postmortem regulation of glycolysis by 6-phosphofructokinase in bovine M. Sternocephalicus pars mandibularis

This experiment addressed the hypothesis that 6-phosphofructokinase (6-PFK) regulates glycolysis in postmortem in M. sternocephalicus pars mandibularis. In two separate experiments, muscle samples were excised from randomly-selected steers that would typically be found on a commercial slaughter floor. In the first experiment, two samples were obtained from each of 6 steers immediately post-exsanguination; one sample was immersed immediately in liquid nitrogen and the other was stored at 4°C for 4 d, to compare 6-PFK enzyme activity and glycolytic intermediate concentrations between fresh and d 4 postmortem samples. The greatest activity of 6-PFK was measured in fresh muscle extracts at pH 7.4, whereas little activity was detectable at pH 7.0. 6-PFK activity measured at pH 7.4 in d 4 samples also was barely detectable. Hill coefficient values for 6-PFK in fresh samples measured at pH 7.4 or 7.0, and d 4 samples measured at pH 7.4 were 2.9, 0.8, and 0.7, respectively, indicating loss of cooperativity with both lowered pH during assay and with time postmortem. Glycogen concentrations decreased 45% from d 0 to d 4, to 39.6μmol glycogen/g muscle. Muscle concentrations of free glucose increased (P<0.001) from 0.84μmol/g at d 0 to 6.54μmol/g at d 4. Fructose-6-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate increased (P<0.001) from d 0 to d 4 (2.8-fold and 4.7-fold, respectively). Lactate began accumulating immediately (3.33μmol/g) and was elevated to 45.9μmol/g by d 4. In the second experiment, conversion of [U-(14)C]glucose to lactate, glycogen, and CO(2) was measured in vitro at pH 7.4 and 7.0 in fresh M. sternocephalicus pars mandibularis strips from four steers. Total [U-(14)C]glucose was less in muscle strips incubated at pH 7.0 than in those incubated at pH 7.4 (55.5 vs. 123nmol glucose utilized per 100mg muscle per h; P=0.04), due primarily to a reduction in glucose conversion to lactate. The conversion of glucose to glycogen or CO(2) in vitro was unaffected by media pH. These results suggest that the postmortem decline in pH in M. sternocephalicus pars mandibularis ultimately inactivates 6-PFK; this occurs prior to the depletion of glycogen reserves.
Distance-Constrained Orthogonal Latin Squares for Brain-Computer Interface

The P300 brain-computer interface (BCI) using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals can allow amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients to instruct computers to perform tasks. To strengthen the P300 response and increase classification accuracy, we proposed an experimental design where characters are intensified according to orthogonal Latin square pairs. These orthogonal Latin square pairs satisfy certain distance constraint so that neighboring characters are not intensified simultaneously. However, it is unknown whether such distance-constrained, orthogonal Latin square pairs actually exist. In this paper, we show that for every matrix size commonly used in P300 BCI, thousands to millions of such distance-constrained, orthogonal Latin square pairs can be systematically and efficiently constructed and are sufficient for the purpose of being used in P300 BCI.
A Motivational Intervention for African American Boys Labeled as Aggressive.

A 12-week, 32-lesson afterschool intervention was conducted with third- to fifth-grade urban African American boys classified as aggressive. Grounded in attribution theory and organized around the ...
The relationship between acculturation factors and symptoms of depression: a cross-sectional study with immigrants living in Athens.

The process of acculturation observed in immigrants is part of an adjustment to the values and norms of a new society, and possibly the loss of norms of the society of origin. Acculturation has been linked to stress-related psychological disorders such as depression. The present study investigates the relationship between three acculturation domains (everyday life behaviors, wishful orientation/nostos, and ethnic identity) and symptoms of depression in a sample of foreign immigrants living in Athens, Greece. The sample consisted of 317 immigrants who visited two non-governmental organization polyclinics. All participants were interviewed using the Immigrant Acculturation Scale (IAS) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The results showed that 133 (42%) out of the 317 interviewees were in a depressive state (CES-D > 15). The main finding was that high CES-D scores were related to low scores in the IAS Everyday Life and Wishful Orientation factors, while no relationship was f...
An integrated security framework for open wireless networking architecture

An integrated security mechanism is one of the key challenges in the open wireless network architecture because of the diversity of the wireless networks in OWA and the unique security mechanism used in each one of these networks. Because the overall security of the network is as strong as its weakest component, integration of the overall security mechanism in OWA is of primary importance. In this article, we comparatively analyze the unique network-centric features and security mechanisms of various heterogeneous wireless networks that are expected to be part of OWA. Then, after defining the specific integrated network model of OWA, we propose an integrated security platform based on the security profile concept
HST-the half-way point [Hubble Space Telescope]

Summary form only given. The Hubble Space Telescope was launched in April 1990 with a great deal of media coverage. When the telescope was subsequently found to suffer from spherical aberration, the project was declared a failure. However, even with the spherical aberration problem, the telescope performed very well and obtained science observations that could not have been otherwise done. In December 1993, the first in a series of planned servicing missions was carried out by the crew of the shuttle Endeavour. In the 3 years since that mission, HST has not only performed in a spectacular fashion, but has produced thousands of truly remarkable images, including the very depths of the observable Universe for the Hubble Deep Field project. Indeed, the astronomical community is poised to answer some of the fundamental questions about the size and age of the Universe we live in, and this is in no small part due to the observations made with the HST.
A density functional theory analysis of trends in glycerol decomposition on close-packed transition metal surfaces

We describe an accelerated density functional theory (DFT)-based computational strategy to determine trends in the decomposition of glycerol via elementary dehydrogenation, C–C, and C–O bond scission reactions on close-packed transition metal surfaces. Beginning with periodic DFT calculations on Pt(111), the thermochemistry of glycerol dehydrogenation on Pd(111), Rh(111), Cu(111) and Ni(111) is determined using a parameter-free, bond order-based scaling relationship. By combining the results with Bronsted–Evans–Polanyi (BEP) relationships to estimate elementary reaction barriers, free energy diagrams are developed on the respective metal surfaces, and trends concerning the relative selectivity and activity for C–C and C–O bond scission in glycerol on the various metals are obtained. The results are consistent with available theoretical and experimental literature and demonstrate that scaling relationships are capable of providing powerful insights into the catalytic chemistry of complex biomolecules.
Evolution of Sex Chromosomes in Insects

Sex chromosomes have many unusual features relative to autosomes. Y (or W) chromosomes lack genetic recombination, are male- (female-) limited, and show an abundance of genetically inert heterochromatic DNA but contain few functional genes. X (or Z) chromosomes also show sex-biased transmission (i.e., X chromosomes show female-biased and Z-chromosomes show male-biased inheritance) and are hemizygous in the heterogametic sex. Their unusual ploidy level and pattern of inheritance imply that sex chromosomes play a unique role in many biological processes and phenomena, including sex determination, epigenetic chromosome-wide regulation of gene expression, the distribution of genes in the genome, genomic conflict, local adaptation, and speciation. The vast diversity of sex chromosome systems in insects—ranging from the classical male heterogametic XY system in Drosophila to ZW systems in Lepidoptera or mobile genes determining sex as found in house flies—implies that insects can serve as unique model systems t...
A Millimeter-Wave CMOS Heterodyne Receiver With On-Chip LO and Divider

A heterodyne receiver performs frequency down-conversion in two steps to relax oscillator and divider speed requirements. The receiver incorporates new concepts such as a current-domain quadrature separation method, a broadband Miller divider based on a passive mixer, and an inductor nesting technique that significantly reduces the length of high-frequency interconnects. Fabricated in 90-nm CMOS technology, the circuit achieves a noise figure of 6.9 to 8.3 dB from 49 GHz to 53 GHz with a gain of 26 to 31.5 dB and I/Q mismatch of 1.6 dB/6.5deg.
Effects of Channel Estimation Error and Nonlinear HPA on the Performance of OFDM in Rayleigh Channels with Application to 802.11n WLAN

In this paper, we present the performance analysis of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system which is subject to nonlinear distortion and channel estimation error in a Rayleigh fading channel. The nonlinear distortion is produced by a high power amplifier (HPA) located at the transmitter. The traditional approach for obtaining the bit error rate (BER) of such OFDM systems is often a difficult task due to the integration over the joint probability density function (PDF) of the channel impulse response and its estimate. The channel estimation error model presented in this paper facilitates the derivation of a closed form BER expression that is otherwise difficult to obtain by taking the traditional approach. For the purpose of simulation, the model under study is extended to a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) system which is implemented based on the IEEE 802.11n standard. Finally, the simulation results obtained from the extended model for various sets of parameters are compared with the theoretical results.
Analysis of Amperometric Spike Shapes to Release Vesicles

Carbon-fiber amperometry is a real-time analytical tool to detect vesicle release events from individual secretory cells. This study compared the spike events released in response to local or global depolarization. We describe each spike shape that regularly occurs, as well as those shapes of spikes that occur with less frequency, but reproducibly. We compare how frequently each type of spike occurs, and compare their amplitudes and kinetics to the commonly accepted spike release events. Analysis of the amperometric peaks typically discarded from single cell amperometry recordings may reveal unappreciated phenomena related to the release of secretory vesicles.
A latency tolerant hybrid sparse solver using incomplete Cholesky factorization

SUMMARY 11 Consider the solution of large sparse symmetric positive denite linear systems using the preconditioned conjugate gradient method. On sequential architectures, incomplete Cholesky factorizations provide ef- 13 fective preconditioning for systems from a variety of application domains, some of which may have widely diering preconditioning requirements. However, incomplete factorization based preconditioners 15 are not considered suitable for multiprocessors. This is primarily because the triangular solution step required to apply the preconditioner (at each iteration) does not scale well due to the large latency of 17 inter-processor communication. We propose a new approach to overcome this performance bottleneck by coupling incomplete factorization with a selective inversion scheme to replace triangular solutions by 19 scalable matrix-vector multiplications. We discuss our algorithm, analyze its communication latency for model sparse linear systems, and provide empirical results on its performance and scalability. Copyright 21 ? 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward an understanding of the spatiality of urban poverty: the urban poor as spatial actors

The last two decades have witnessed an explosion of empirical research on the role of space in group life at the same time scholars have lamented the under-theorization of space in sociology. In particular, mainstream poverty researchers have conceptualized space as a neutral backdrop against which action unfolds and viewed poor people's agency as passive and unreflexive. This article attempts to move beyond this space-as-container ontology and provide a more coherent view of how theorizing space and spatial issues can help us understand the actions of the urban poor. At the core of the paper is an attempt to theorize agency as a spatial phenomenon — with spatial attributes and spatial influences — and offer empirical insight into how different spatial meanings can enable or constrain particular forms of social action and behavior. My intent is to contribute to an understanding of the urban poor as spatial actors. I argue that the importance of space lies in understanding it as an object of political struggle, a constitutive component of human agency, and a facilitator as well as constraint upon action. Les deux dernieres decennies ont connu une explosion des recherches empiriques sur le role de l'espace dans la vie de groupe, tandis que les intellectuels deploraient le manque de theorisation de l'espace en sociologie. En particulier dans le courant dominant de la recherche sur la pauvrete, l'espace a ete conceptualise comme un decor neutre devant lequel se deroule l'action, et la capacite d'action des pauvres etait consideree comme passive et irreflechie. Cet article tente de depasser cette ontologie de l'espace-contenant et de fournir une vision plus coherente de la facon dont on peut theoriser l'espace et dont les aspects spatiaux peuvent aider a comprendre les actions des populations urbaines pauvres. L'essence de ce travail vise a theoriser l'agence en tant que phenomene spatial — avec des influences et attributs spatiaux — et a proposer un apercu empirique de la maniere dont differentes significations spatiales peuvent susciter ou limiter des formes specifiques d'action et de comportement sociaux. Le propos est de contribuer a une reconnaissance des pauvres des villes en tant qu'acteurs spatiaux. Donner son importance a l'espace, c'est le concevoir comme theme de lutte politique, element constitutif de l'agence humaine, ainsi qu'aide et entrave a toute action.
Personological interpretation of factors from the Strong Vocational Interest Blank Scales

Abstract A principal axis factor analysis of the 58 occupational and nonoccupational scales of Form T of the Strong Vocational Interest Blank was performed using the data of 1068 males representing a wide range of age and socioeconomic status groups. Five factors, accounting for 80% of the variance, were: I, Person vs. Task Orientation; II, Theoretical vs. Practical Interaction Style; III, Tough vs. Tender Mindedness; IV, Self-assertiveness vs. Retiring Altruism; and V, Business vs. Healing. Correlations of these factors with the Cattell Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, the Allport-Vernon-Lindsey Scale of Values, education and socioeconomic status were used to provide psychological interpretations of the factors. Both occupational groupings and personality correlates showed substantial agreement with Holland's (1966) system.
Late Holocene occupation of Gentoo Penguins ( Pygoscelis papua ) on Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, Antarctica

We report excavations of an abandoned penguin colony on Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, Antarctica, in austral summer 2008/2009. Nine abandoned pebble mounds were located on Devils Point, near an active Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) colony of about 3,000 nests, at an elevation of 40–45 m above sea level. Three of the nine mounds were excavated to recover organic remains for radiocarbon and ancient DNA analyses; two additional mounds were probed to obtain tissue samples for additional dating. All radiocarbon dates were corrected for the marine-carbon reservoir effect using a ΔR of 700 ± 50 years. Calibrated 2-sigma ranges in calendar years before present (B.P.) on 23 samples of egg membrane and bone provided an overall range of 40–1,150 B.P., with most of the dates falling between 225 and 465 B.P. Ancient DNA analysis confirmed that the tissues recovered from these excavations represent Gentoo Penguin. One radiocarbon date from the active Gentoo Penguin colony indicated an age of 285–480 B.P. for the initiation of this current occupation and corresponding in age with most of the abandoned mounds. Although geologic evidence indicates that Byers Peninsula has been ice free for at least 3,000 years, these results indicate that penguin occupation lagged behind deglaciation by over 2,000 years. Small numbers of Chinstrap Penguins (P. antarctica) also occupy the same breeding colonies as Gentoo Penguins at Byers Peninsula, but their absence in the ancient sediments suggests that they have only recently colonized this area.
Involvement of Transmembrane Domain Interactions in Signal Transduction by α/β Integrins

The α and β subunits of α/β heterodimeric integrins function together to bind ligands in the extracellular region and transduce signals across cellular membranes. A possible function for the transmembrane regions in integrin signaling has been proposed from structural and computational data. We have analyzed the capacity of the integrin α2, αIIb, α4, β1, β3, and β7 transmembrane domains to form homodimers and/or heterodimers. Our data suggest that the integrin transmembrane helices can help to stabilize heterodimeric integrins but that the interactions do not specifically associate particular pairs of α and β subunits; rather, the α/β subunit interaction constrains the extramembranous domains, facilitating signal transduction by a promiscuous transmembrane helix-helix association.
Implications of the small number of distinct ligand binding pockets in proteins for drug discovery, evolution and biochemical function

Coincidence of the properties of ligand binding pockets in native proteins with those in proteins generated by computer simulations without selection for function shows that pockets are a generic protein feature and the number of distinct pockets is small. Similar pockets occur in unrelated protein structures, an observation successfully employed in pocket-based virtual ligand screening. The small number of pockets suggests that off-target interactions among diverse proteins are inherent; kinases, proteases and phosphatases show this prototypical behavior. The ability to repurpose FDA approved drugs is general, and minor side effects cannot be avoided. Finally, the implications to drug discovery are explored.
On Living with Technology through Renunciation and Releasement

Marc Van den Bosche suggests that Heidegger’s conceptions of Gestell and Gelassenheit, taken together with his analysis of Nietzschean Nihilism (interpreted especially by Wolfgang Schirmacher), depicts our era in a way that “supplements” Andrew Feenberg and Don Ihde’s work. Weaving these sources together, he sees the possibility of our becoming (quoting Schirmacher) “technicians” that “live, in a released way, within the groundless.” Here, I raise some questions about whether the author has really fitted all these sources together and argue that his idea of becoming post-modern “technicians” appears to require that we first practice a very un-Heideggerian kind of “renunciation.”
Immunoenhancing and Antitumor Effects of Agents that Elevate Endogenous Cyclic AMP Levels

Among the various immunoenhancing agents that can produce some antitumor effects are the double-stranded synthetic polynucleotides, such as poly I: C (poly I. poly C) and poly A: U (poly A. poly U) [1, 4, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 19, 22]. These agents have received increasing attention in recent years because they are chemically well-defined, easy to reproduce and, at least in the case of poly A: U, devoid of toxicity and pyrogenicity in experimental animals [7]. It is this lack of undesirable side-effects that motivated us to study the effects of poly A:U on both immune responses and tumor growth; another reason for our preference for poly A: U was its poor interferon-inducing activity; this permitted the exclusion of antiviral effects in studies of virus-induced tumors.
Raw and Steam Cooked Carcass Yields of Guinea Fowl

Abstract Carcass yields and cooked meat yields were determined for 12-week-old keets. Cooked yields were determined after steam cooking at 105 C for 75 min. Eviscerated carcass yields, including the neck and giblets, of 76.8%, 76.9%, and 76.9% were obtained for males, females, and combined sexes, respectively. Cooked yields, as a percent of the eviscerated carcass including the neck and giblets, were 34.9% for total meat and 45.7% for total edible portions. Breast meat accounted for approximately 50% of the total cooked lean meat.
Study of biological characteristics and genotyping of proteus from food poisoning

Objective:Understanding of toxin,invasion and antibiotic resistance of proteus from food poisoning,compared the epidemiological purpose of typing by the Dienes test and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE) for the proteus from food poisoning.Methods:From eight of food poisoning in Maanshan City in 2007,28 strains of Proteus were isolated(25 P.mirabilis and 3 P.vulgaris).Limulus Test(test tube) was used for detection of endotoxin,Congo red plate for detecting invasion of strains,VITEK-32 automatic identification system was used for detecting strains of drug sensitivity.Analysis of discriminatory difference typing by the Dienes test and PFGE genotyping,comparison the homology between strains and epidemiological association of food poisoning.Results:From eight of food poisoning in Maanshan City in 2007,28 Proteus were isolated.21 are positive for endotoxin detection(positive rate 75.0%) Congo red test shows 7(25.0%) were positive.Analysis of the drug resistance,the strains with 100% sensitive are amikacin,ceftazidime,gentamicin,imipenem,levofloxacin,piperacillin/tazobactam and tobramycin,with nitrofurantoin resistance by 96.4%.The Dienes test divided 25 P.mirabilis into 4 types,3 P.vulgaris into 1 type,and PFGE analysis divided 25 P.mirabilis into 22 types,divided 3 P.vulgaris into 2 types.PFGE has more Discriminatory powers than the Dienes test.Conclusion:As for tracing sources of food poisoning,typing by PFGE is superior to that of the traditional Dienes test.
Image Watermarking Algorithm Based on the Hyperchaos Theory and Wavelet Domain

Based on the hyperchaos and Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT) algorithm,combined with the Arnold scrambling method,a novel digital image watermarking algorithm was presented.The method makes use of Arnold method to weaken the correlation among the pixels of the watermark and adopts Haken system to generate the hyperchaotic key sequence to undertake the second encryption,strengthening the security of the watermarking.At the same time,according to the characteristics of human vision system(HVS),the original image is split into blocks,and the encrypted watermarking is embedded and extracted with different strength.The improved embedding and extraction scheme were proposed.By using methods such as the noise,filtering and cutting to attack the algorithm,the experiment results show that the scheme improves the invisibility and robustness,and possesses strong anti-attacking ability.
NMR methods for detection of small molecule binding to RGS4.

Abstract The duration and amplitude of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling is controlled by regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins. The 20 RGS family members act as GTPase accelerating proteins through their interaction with the Gα subunit of the Gαβγ heterotrimer. Their influence over GPCR signaling has attracted many to these proteins as advantageous therapeutic targets. The nature of the RGS structure has proven to be difficult to target with small molecules using traditional high-throughput screening methods. This chapter describes NMR methods for studying small molecule interactions on RGS4. These methods can detect ligand binding without the requirement for an effect on protein function. Furthermore, the sensitivity of NMR permits detection of weaker protein–ligand interactions, such as those found with smaller fragment compounds. Fragment-based screening may be path forward to identifying a number of active small molecules toward RGS proteins. Methods and considerations for running a fragment-based screen on RGS4 using NMR are outlined in this section.
[Study on HIV and syphilis infections and related risk behaviors among male sex workers in Beijing, China].

男性性工作者(male sex workers,MSW)是指通过向男性提供性服务以获得金钱或物质等报酬的男子.调查显示MSW中相对年轻、未婚、低教育水平、原来在农村从事体力劳动、低收入或无收入的男性更倾向于从事性工作;且较一般MSW存在更多的高危行为因素[1].为此本研究对北京市朝阳区MSW艾滋病和梅毒相关危险行为及感染状况进行了调查. 关键词：男性性工作者;艾滋病病毒;梅毒;感染率
Sunscreens in the United States

Incidence rates of nonmelanoma skin cancer and melanoma has been on the rise in the United States for the past 20 years. UV radiation (UVR) exposure remains the most preventable environmental risk factor for these cancers. Aside from sun avoidance, sunscreens remain our best protection. UVR directly damages DNA and cause indirect cellular damage through the creation of reactive oxygen species, the sum of which leads to cutaneous immunosuppression and a tumorigenic milieu. The current generation of sunscreens protect from UVR through two main mechanisms: absorption and deflection. In the US, new Food and Drug Association rules require sunscreen manufacturers to evaluate their products not only on sun protection factor but also on broad spectrum UVA protection by the end of 2013. New labeling requirements will also be instituted. The American Academy of Dermatology and the American Academy of Pediatrics have provided specific recommendations for proper sun protection and sunscreen usage. Plant polyphenols such as those isolated from green tea, pomegranate, and grape seed remain an interesting avenue of research as additives to sunscreens or stand-alone products that appear to modulate the immunosuppressive effects of UVR on the skin. Additionally, although UVR induces endogenous cutaneous production of vitamin D, its damaging effects overshadow this positive benefit, especially in light of the ease of achieving recommended amounts of vitamin D through diet and supplementation.
Biologic Skin Substitutes

Engineering of biologic skin substitutes has progressed over time from individual applications of skin cells, or biopolymer scaffolds, to combinations of cells and scaffolds for treatment, healing, and closure of acute and chronic cutaneous wounds. These advances have contributed to reduced morbidity and mortality from a variety of wounds, but to date, have failed to replace the entire anatomy and physiology of the skin. Among the remaining deficiencies in cellular or biologic skin substitutes are hypopigmentation, absence of stable vascular and lymphatic networks, lack of hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands, and incomplete innervation. Correction of these deficiencies depends on regulation of biologic pathways of embryonic and fetal development to restore the full anatomy and physiology of uninjured skin. Elucidation and integration of developmental biology into future models of biologic skin substitutes promise to restore complete anatomy and physiology, and further reduce morbidity from cutaneous wounds.
Appendix: My Recollections About Oleg Izhboldin

I knew Oleg since he was a sixth-grade student. At that time I was on the jury of the Leningrad Mathematical Olympiad. Oleg won the first prize that year as he did each year that he competed. Upon entering the university, after some hesitation, Oleg decided to study algebra (if I am not mistaken he was also invited to study mathematical analysis). He began to work in an area that was very fashionable at that time: algebraic K-theory of fields. When Oleg asked me to suggest a topic for his annual paper, after some reservations, I gave him a problem connected with objects over fields of finite characteristic. Historically, this particular case has always developed more rapidly than the general theory and has served as a quite a good testing range for many conjectures in algebra. Soon, Oleg mastered a rather extensive amount of the theory. His annual paper could easily have served as his Master’s dissertation. His work investigated the cohomologies of function fields over fields of finite characteristic and contained some original ideas; it was later published. My reservations about giving him this particular problem for his annual paper were due mostly to the fact that Oleg might easily find himself trapped in a relatively narrow area of study within fields of finite characteristic.
Familial Syndromes Associated with Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Primary hyperparathyroidism (HPTH) occurs sporadically in the vast majority of cases. However, it may also be part of a group of familial disorders with a high degree of disease penetrance, including multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), MEN2A, the HPTH-jaw tumor syndrome (HPTH-JT), familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHPTH), autosomal dominant mild hyperparathyroidism (ADMH), and neonatal severe HPTH (NSHPTH). The underlying genetic abnormalities causing the various syndromes have largely been unveiled over the past decade and are summarized in Table 36.1. Molecular genetic studies have also provided the basis for the diagnosis of familial HPTH, which now is largely based on genetic testing. This chapter summarizes the diagnosis and surgical management of familial HPTH.
Serial transvaginal cervical length measurements and quantitative vaginal fetal fibronectin concentrations did not predict spontaneous preterm birth in low-risk nulliparous women

Commentary on: Esplin MS, Elovitz MA, Iams JD, et al . Predictive accuracy of serial transvaginal cervical lengths and quantitative vaginal fetal fibronectin levels for spontaneous preterm birth among nulliparous women. JAMA 2017;317:1047–1056. Approximately 10% of pregnancies in the USA are delivered preterm, with two-thirds being spontaneous.1 While the single greatest risk factor for preterm birth (PTB) is a history of PTB, about 40% of pregnancies occur in nulliparous women. Identifying nulliparas who are most at risk for spontaneous PTB would allow for new approaches to lower the PTB rate. Two strategies have been promoted to identify women at high risk for PTB, including serial cervical length (CL) measurements and quantitative fetal fibronectin (FFN) concentrations. A short cervix has been shown to place women with a prior PTB at high risk for subsequent PTB …
Sensitization of LnIII (Ln = Eu, Tb, Tm) Ion Luminescence by Functionalized Polycarbonate-Based Materials and White Light Generation

We prepared pyridine-2,6-bis(ethyl)ester [BEP] and pyridine-2,6-bis(diethylamide) [BDP] polymers with polycarbonate backbones by ring-opening polymerization of the pyridine-bis(ethyl)ester and pyridine-bis(diethylamide) units appended to a cyclic carbonate via a glycol chain. The polymers were characterized by FTIR, NMR, UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as SEC, powder XRD, DSC, and TGA. The measured glass transition temperature (Tg) of the BEP polymer was shifted from –32 °C to –7 and –8 °C after coordination of the EuIII and TbIII ions, respectively. Similarly, the Tg of the BDP polymer was shifted from –13 °C to –9 and –10 °C after coordination of EuIII and TbIII ions, respectively. Both polymers sensitized LnIII-centered emission; the BEP polymer was the most efficient at sensitizing LnIII-centered luminescence with an emission efficiency of 30 and 31 % for the EuIII and TbIII systems, respectively, compared to the 2 % determined for both the EuIII and TbIII BDP systems. Blue emission was observed when TmIII was used, and a system with the composition BEP1Eu1.8Tb28 led to a material with CIE coordinates (0.31, 0.33), typical of white light.
Electromagnetic Fields in Horizontally Stratified Media

One of the most widely used earth models in EM geophysics is that of a set of horizontal layers. This model represents well some typical geological formations like sedimental deposits. It can also be used to describe a regional geological cross section formed by the horizontal layers of the earth's crust and upper mantle. This model is important in studying horizontally inhomogeneous geoelectrical structures as well, because it can serve as a convenient background model for domains with anomalous conductivity distribution. In this chapter, I present a unified method of the EM field calculation in horizontally layered models based on Fourier transform in the spatial domain and conduct an analysis of the basic properties of this field. The first model represents a plane EM wave propagation in a layered formation. The next model describes electric field of the point and electrical dipole source of the DC field in a horizontally layered medium. EM fields of an arbitrary system of electric currents and of electric and magnetic dipole transmitters in a horizontally stratified medium are considered as well.
An efficient implementation of next generation access control for the mobile health cloud

In today's era health informatics is a major contributor to the advancements in ubiquitous computing. Of late, the concept of mobile health (mHealth) systems has attracted considerable attention from both medical computer science communities. mHealth devices generate a significant amount of patient data on a timely basis. This data is often stored on cloud-based EHR and PHR systems to aid in timely and better quality healthcare service. However, as has been seen lately, stored personal records act as honeypots for malicious entities and the internet underground. It is thus imperative to prevent unauthorized leakage of mHealth data from cloud-based E/PHR systems. As observed from some of our preliminary research, NIST's policy machine (PM) framework suits the access control modeling requirements posed by mHealth systems. Moreover, the graph-based model adopted by this framework allows efficient policy management through advanced graph search techniques. In this paper, we leverage the policy machine model to propose a cloud-based service that achieves secure storage and fine-grained dissemination of mHealth data. The primary goal of this work is to demonstrate the applicability of the PM framework to the mHealth domain and illustrate the workflow of an algorithm to resolve access decisions in theoretically faster time than achieved by existing implementations.
Outcomes with chemotherapy for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) in patients previously treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI).

e21119Background: For mNSCLC patients, CPI are used as second line therapy after progression on first line chemotherapy or as first line therapy for a subset of patients. Recent retrospective studi...
Critical Success Factors for Construction Safety: Review and Meta-Analysis of Safety Leading Indicators

AbstractSafety leading indicators are measures of the safety management system that correlate with injury rates. The literature on the topic is dispersed and equivocal in the definition, categoriza...
Feasibility of PROMIS CAT Administration in the Ambulatory Sports Medicine Clinic With Respect to Cost and Patient Compliance: A Single-Surgeon Experience.

Background:Pay-for-performance reimbursement models are becoming increasingly popular, but the implementation of a routine patient-reported outcome (PRO) collection system places additional burden ...
A Topologically Consistent Visualization of High Dimensional Pareto-front for Multi-Criteria Decision Making

There are a good number of different algorithms to solve multi- and many-objective optimization problems and the final outcome of these algorithms is a set of trade-off solutions that are expected to span the entire Pareto-front. Visualization of a Pareto-front is vital for an initial decision-making task, as it provides a number of useful information, such as closeness of one solution to another, trade-off among conflicting objectives, localized shape of the Pareto-front vis-a-vis the entire front, and others. Two and three-dimensional Pareto-fronts are trivial to visualize and allow all the above analysis to be done comprehensively. However, for four or more objectives, visualization for extracting above decision-making information gets challenging and new and innovative methods are long overdue. Not only does a trivial visualization becomes difficult, the number of points needed to represent a higher-dimensional front increase exponentially. The existing high-dimensional visualization techniques, such as parallel coordinate plots, scatter plots, RadVis, etc., do not offer a clear and natural view of the Pareto-front in terms of trade-off and other vital localized information needed for a convenient decision-making task. In this paper, we propose a novel way to map a high-dimensional Pareto-front in two and three dimensions. The proposed method tries to capture some of the basic topological properties of the Pareto points and retain them in the mapped lower dimensional space. Therefore, the proposed method can produce faithful representation of the topological primitives of the high-dimensional data points in terms of the basic shape (and structure) of the Pareto-front, its boundary, and visual classification of the relative trade-offs of the solutions. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we apply our proposed palette visualization method to a few problems.
Attitudes Toward Marital Infidelity: A Nine-Culture Sampling of University Student Opinion

Cross-cultural comparisons of attitudes toward marital infidelity are based upon questionnaire data from nine colleges and universities located in parts of Asia, Europe, and United States. For the ...
Surface stability of epitaxial SrRuO3 thin films in vacuum

Surface stability of nearly defect-free epitaxial SrRuO3 thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition was studied using low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and electron spectroscopies. Even after exposure to atmosphere, surfaces exhibited distinct LEED patterns providing evidence of unusual chemical stability. Surface order disappeared after heating to 200 °C in vacuum. To investigate, SrRuO3 thin films were annealed up to 800 °C in high vacuum and examined for chemical state and topography. Formation of unit-cell deep pits and the Ru-rich particles begins at low temperatures. Hydrocarbon contamination on the surface contributes to this process.
The Humanities of Contingency: Interviewing and Teaching Beyond "Testimony" with Holocaust Survivors

Engaging Holocaust survivors primarily as “witnesses” who provide “testimony”—which has long been the prevailing paradigm of practice with sur- vivors—radically oversimplifies both survivors’ lives...
Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Unroofing of Myocardial Bridging in Symptomatic Patients.

Background There is a paucity of data regarding results of surgical management of myocardial bridging. Our objective was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of unroofing procedures in patients with myocardial bridging of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery who had chest pain refractory to medical therapy. Methods Among 274 adult patients diagnosed with myocardial bridging at our institution (1996-2017), 71 underwent surgical intervention. To understand the potential benefit of unroofing, we excluded patients with concomitant operations for other diagnoses or known obstructive coronary disease. The study included 35 patients with preoperative chest pain and isolated LAD coronary artery bridging who underwent surgical unroofing. We analyzed recurrent symptoms, postoperative medication use, and mortality. Results Mean age was 48.2 ± 11.2 years (18 men [51%]). All patients underwent preoperative coronary angiography. Endothelial dysfunction in the LAD coronary artery bridged segment was confirmed in 20 of 24 patients (83%). Mean cardiopulmonary bypass and cross-clamp times were 47.6 ± 29.8 minutes and 33.7 ± 22.2 minutes, respectively. Median lengths of hospital and intensive care unit stay were 5 days and 1 day, respectively. During follow-up (median, 31 months; 95% confidence interval, 18-49) there were no cardiac-related deaths, and 22 patients (63%) reported no chest pain. Among 13 symptomatic patients, 10 underwent postoperative noninvasive testing, which was negative for ischemia in all cases. Conclusions Myocardial unroofing can be performed safely in patients with chest pain and isolated LAD coronary artery myocardial bridging. However, patients should be aware of the potential for recurrent nonischemic chest pain and continued medical therapy despite relief of coronary compression.
Sexualization of Girls: Addressing Criticism of the APA Report, Presenting New Evidence:

The Report of the APA Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls, published in 2007, is one of the most frequently accessed APA reports. The task force was formed and report was compiled in response ...
AI and Game Theory based Autonomous UAV Swarm for Cybersecurity

Uninterrupted communication is crucial for modern electromagnetic (EM) spectrum operations where successes of situational awareness, defensive and offensive missions necessitate continuous reliance on wireless transmission. Preventing an adversary from dominating cyberspace becomes challenging as rapid technological developments allow state and non-state actors to engage in a broad range of destructive cyber electromagnetic activities (CEMA). Digital threats to communication networks can range from eavesdropping and impersonation attempts to various forms of denial-of-service attacks. In this paper, we present bio-inspired and game theory based flight control algorithms for a swarm of autonomous UAVs. Each UAV considers MANET connectivity, overshadowed ground area coverage and signal strength from interfering mobile radio emitters. Our algorithms use 3D Voronoi tessellations and linear interpolation for EM mapping of local neighborhood as part of decision making process. Simulation experiments in OPNET show that autonomous UAVS require only limited near neighbor communications to maintain a high area coverage overshadowed by the swarm with uninterrupted MANET connectivity. By providing a lightweight solution for rapidly deployable swarm of autonomous UAVS, our flight control algorithms are good candidates for deployment in complex environments in presence of adaptive and mobile sources of EM interference.
Two puzzles about ability can

The received wisdom on ability modals is that they differ from their epistemic and deontic cousins in what inferences they license and better receive a universal or conditional analysis instead of an existential one. The goal of this paper is to sharpen the empirical picture about the semantics of ability modals, and to propose an analysis that explains what makes the can of ability so special but that also preserves the crucial idea that all uses of can share a common lexical semantics. The resulting framework combines tools and techniques from dynamic and inquisitive semantics with insights from the literature of the role of agency in deontic logic. It explains not only why the can of ability, while essentially being an existential modal operator, sometimes resists distribution over disjunction and interacts with its duals in particular and hitherto unnoticed ways, but also has a tendency to license free choice inferences.
Impact of workplace injury on opioid dependence, abuse, illicit use and overdose: a 36-month retrospective study of insurance claims.

Objectives To examine the impact of workplace injury on opioid dependence, abuse and overdose (opioid-related morbidity) and if severity of injury increases the hazard of these health effects. Methods We used MarketScan databases to follow injured and propensity score matched non-injured workers, both without prior opioid-related diagnoses. Using a Cox proportional hazard model, we examined the impact of workplace injury on opioid-related morbidity. Results The hazard of opioid-related morbidity for injured workers was 1.79 times than that of matched non-injured workers (95% CI 1.89 to 3.60). For medical-only and lost-time injured workers, it was respectively 1.54 (95% CI 1.02 to 2.32) and 2.91 (95% CI 1.75 to 4.84) times that of non-injured workers. Conclusions Reducing workplace injury or severity of workplace injury, as well as efforts to ensure appropriate opioid prescribing for injured workers, may help to reduce the societal costs of opioid use.