Fundamentals of ceramics

INTRODUCTION Introduction Definition of Ceramics Elementary Crystallography Ceramic Microstructures Traditional Versus Advanced Ceramics General Characteristics of Ceramics Applications The Future BONDING IN CERAMICS Introduction Structure of Atoms Ionic versus Covalent Bonding Ionic Bonding Ionically Bonded Solids Covalent Bond Formation Covalently Bonded Solids Band Theory of Solids Summary Appendix 2A: Kinetic Energy of Free Electrons STRUCTURE OF CERAMICS Introduction Ceramic Structures Binary Ionic Compounds Composite Crystal Structures Structure of Covalent Ceramics Structure of Silicates Lattice Parameters and Density Summary Appendix 3A: Ionic Radii EFFECT OF CHEMICAL FORCES ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Introduction Melting Points Thermal Expansion Young's Modulus and the Strength of Perfect Solids Surface Energy Summary THERMODYNAMIC AND KINETIC CONSIDERATIONS Introduction Free Energy Chemical Equilibrium and the Mass Action Expression Chemical Stability Domains Electrochemical Potentials Charged Interfaces, Double Layers, and Debye Lengths Gibbs-Duhem Relation for Binary Oxides Kinetic Considerations Summary Appendix 5A: Derivation of Eq. (5.27) DEFECTS IN CERAMICS Introduction Point Defects Linear Defects Planar Defects Summary DIFFUSION AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY Introduction Diffusion Electrical Conductivity Ambipolar Diffusion Relationships between Self-, Tracer, Chemical, Ambipolar, and Defect Diffusion Coefficients Summary Appendix 7A: Relationship between Fick's First Law and Eq. (7.30) Appendix 7B: Effective Mass and Density of States Appendix 7C: Derivation of Eq. (7.79) Appendix 7D: Derivation of Eq. (7.92) PHASE EQUILIBRIA Introduction Phase Rule One-Component Systems Binary Systems Ternary Systems Free-Energy Composition and Temperature Diagrams Summary FORMATION, STRUCTURE, AND PROPERTIES OF GLASSES Introduction Glass Formation Glass Structure Glass Properties Glass-Ceramics Summary Appendix 9A: Derivation of Eq. (9.7) SINTERING AND GRAIN GROWTH Introduction Solid-State Sintering Liquid-Phase Sintering Hot Pressing and Hot Isostatic Pressing Summary Appendix 10A: Derivation of the Gibbs-Thompson Equation Appendix 10B: Radii of Curvature Appendix 10C: Derivation of Eq. (10.20) Appendix 10D: Derivation of Eq. (10.22) MECHANICAL PROPERTIES: FAST FRACTURE Introduction Fracture Toughness Strength of Ceramics Toughening Mechanisms Designing with Ceramics Summary CREEP, SUBCRITICAL CRACK GROWTH, AND FATIGUE Introduction Creep Subcritical Crack Growth Fatigue of Ceramics Lifetime Predictions Summary Appendix 12A: Derivation of Eq. (12.24) THERMAL PROPERTIES Introduction Thermal Stresses Thermal Shock Spontaneous Microcracking of Ceramics Thermal Tempering of Glass Thermal Conductivity Summary DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES Introduction Basic Theory Equivalent Circuit Description of Linear Dielectrics Polarization Mechanisms Dielectric Loss Dielectric Breakdown Capacitors and Insulators Summary Appendix 14A: Local Electric Field MAGNETIC AND NONLINEAR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES Introduction Basic Theory Microscopic Theory Para-, Ferro-, Antiferro-, and Ferrimagnetism Magnetic Domains and the Hysteresis Curve Magnetic Ceramics and their Applications Piezo- and Ferroelectric Ceramics Summary Appendix 15A: Orbital Magnetic Quantum Number OPTICAL PROPERTIES Introduction Basic Principles Absorption and Transmission Scattering and Opacity Fiber Optics and Optical Communication Summary Appendix 16A: Coherence Appendix 16B: Assumptions Made in Deriving Eq. (16.24) INDEX *Each chapter contains Problems and Additional Reading.