cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conformational changes in MHC class I molecules. Antibody, T-cell receptor, and NK cell recognition in an HLA-B7 model system

In this article we review the role of MHC conformation, including peptide-induced MHC conformation, in forming antibody (Ab), T-cell receptor (TCR), and natural killer (NK) cell receptor epitopes. Abs recognize conformational major histocompatibility (MHC) epitopes that often are influenced by the identity of MHC-bound peptide. Diverse TCRs recognize a common docking site on peptide/MHC complexes and directly contact peptide. Human NK cell inhibitory receptors (KIR) appear to recognize limited regions of the HLA α1 helix. DX9+ KIR specifically focus on HLA-B residues 82 and 83. However, NK cells recognize much broader regions of HLA class I molecules and are sensitive to bound peptides. Thus, several classes of lymphocyte receptors are peptidespecific. Peptide specificity could be the result of direct contact with the receptor, or to conformational shifts in MHC residues that interact with both receptor and bound peptide.
Track initiation for near space bistatic radar network

Stealth target is hard to detect and the radar sampling interval of stealth target is stochastic.Therefore,a track initiation algorithm for near space bistatic radar network based on probabilistic grid Hough transform and velocity fuzzy clustering is proposed.Firstly,the primary tracks are obtained by using the probabilistic grid Hough transform method.Then,velocity fuzzy clustering algorithm is used to obtain the real tracks.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is robust,precise and suitable for the track initiation of the randomly sampling multi-radar system.
Discovery of Novel Splice Variants and Regulatory Mechanisms for Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein in Human Tissues.

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is a unique lipid transfer protein essential for the assembly of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by the liver and intestine. Previous studies in mice identified a splice variant of MTP with an alternate first exon. Splice variants of human MTP have not been reported. Using PCR approaches we have identified two splice variants in human tissues, which we have named MTP-B and MTP-C. MTP-B has a unique first exon (Ex1B) located 10.5 kb upstream of the first exon (Ex1A) for canonical MTP (MTP-A); MTP-C contains both first exons for MTP-A and MTP-B. MTP-B was found in a number of tissues, whereas MTP-C was prominent in brain and testis. MTP-B does not encode a protein; MTP-C encodes the same protein encoded by MTP-A, although MTP-C translation is strongly inhibited by regulatory elements within its 5′-UTR. Using luciferase assays, we demonstrate that the promoter region upstream of exon 1B is quite adequate to drive expression of MTP. We conclude that alternate splicing plays a key role in regulating cellular MTP levels by introducing distinct promoter regions and unique 5′-UTRs, which contain elements that alter translation efficiency, enabling the cell to optimize MTP activity.
Concepts and Definitions

We first give a brief introduction to the objects and phenomena that we will examine in this study. The key object of our interest is an inventory system within a non-changing, static environment. In order to make any statements about this inventory system, we will first define how to describe the state of such a system in terms of the relevant characteristics. From an epistemological point of view, we will introduce the vocabulary here that enables us to talk about the object being examined. Next, we propose a framework to classify the structure and relevant elements of an inventory system within a static environment. This should help us to later on declare the specific nature of the system being analyzed and its variants. To evaluate the specific configuration of a system and allow for a preferential order with alternative configurations, the last section summarizes common metrics for evaluating the performance of inventory systems.
77 worldwide distribution and potential spread of the long-legged ant, Anoplolepis gracilipes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The long-legged ant, Anoplolepis gracilipes (formerly Anoplolepis longipes) has been long recognized for its impact on other invertebrates. In the past few years, however, A. gracilipes has been brought to world attentiondue to its deadly attacks on nesting birds in the Seychelles and on the endemic crabs of Christmas Island. To evaluate the distribution and potential spread of A. gracilipes, I compiled and mapped specimen records from more than 700 sites worldwide. In tropical Asia and tropical islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, A. gracilipes occurs throughout the moist lowlands, but is not commonly found in arid regions and sites above 1200 m elevation. In tropical Africa, it is known only from Dar es Salaam and nearby Zanzibar. In tropical Australia, A. gracilipes has been recorded primarily from moist monsoon rainforests along perennial springs and streams in the northern region and in a few towns on the north and east coasts. In the Neotropics, there are records of A. gracilipes from western Mexico. In subtropical Asia, A. gracilipes ranges up to 26-27°N in northern India, southern China, and southern islands of Japan. I found only six records from latitudes >27°, two from exterminated urban populations (Auckland, New Zealand; Brisbane, Australia) and three from probably temporary populations (Valparaiso, Chile; Durban, South Africa; Zayul, Tibet). The sixth population, on Amami-Oshima Island, Japan, may or may not be temporary. Anoplolepis gracilipes is not yet known from many moist lowland tropical areas where it would probably thrive, including west-central Africa and much of the Neotropics. Populations in western Mexico are prevented from expanding eastward by a central mountain range, but may be able to spread south, around the mountains, to the Caribbean, Central America, and South America. Records from arid Baja California, Mexico indicate that A. gracilipes can invade and persist in areas with arid climates, perhaps due to moderating effects of irrigation.
What is wrong with the divine interpretation of Geist in Hegel

While commentators recognize the centrality of the notion of Geist in Hegel’s philosophical project, there is no consensus about what the term exactly designates and what its role is within his system. One interpretation, which has (re)appeared on the scene in recent years, overemphasizes the onto-theological connotations of the Hegelian term and understands it as a kind of supernatural or divine force determining the development of the system and guiding human history. Critically opposing this reading and showing its conceptual shortcomings, the paper clarifies Hegel’s concept of Geist and discusses its real place in the philosopher’s system.
Field Trial of the Enhanced Data Authentication System (EDAS)

The goal of the field trial of EDAS was to demonstrate the utility of secure branching of operator instrumentation for nuclear safeguards, identify any unforeseen implementation and application issues with EDAS, and confirm whether the approach is compatible with operator concerns and constraints.
O36-1 Higher noise levels are associated with increased injury rates in us coal miners

Background Mining has long been recognised as a dangerous occupation, with exposure to hazardous sound levels leading to permanent hearing loss a pervasive risk. Increased noise exposure has been associated with increased injury risk in other industries, but this relationship has not been explored among US miners. We examined this relationship among US coal miners. Methods US Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) regulatory datasets from 2000 to 2013 were linked using a unique mine identifier and year of observation (mine-year); datasets included: noise-surveys (30-CRF-part 62), citations, mine employment, and, injury reports (30-CRF-part 50). The association between sound levels (as an 8-hour time-weighted average) and injury rates were examined using bivariate analysis and Poisson regression. Covariates included mine characteristics (e.g., number of employees, coal type, existence of a safety committee) and noise survey/citation results (e.g., hearing protection worn by the miner surveyed, violation issuance). Results Among the 18,589 unique mine-years were 59,301 injury records, 4,129 mines, and 149,045 noise measurements. In regression analysis, factors significantly and positively associated with injury rates included: noise level (1.8% [95% CI: 1.7, 1.8] increase for each decibel increase in sound level); working in an anthracite vs. bituminous mine (20%, 95% CI: 12.7, 27.3); and, the existence of a safety committee (5.9%, 95% CI: 3.7, 7.9). Protective factors included use of any hearing protection (e.g. cap only −6.1%, 95% CI: −3.9, −8.2) and whether the survey resulted in a violation (−14.7%, 95% CI: −6.4, −23.0). Discussion We observed a positive and significant relationship between increased noise and increased injury rates in US coal mines. This may be the result of more machinery operating and at higher rates of production, resulting in more injuries as well as interference with communication. Further work is needed to understand the mechanism of this relationship and the contribution of other factors.
Macrophages promote oxidative metabolism to drive nitric oxide generation in response to Trypanosoma cruzi

Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy. Why macrophages (mφs), the early responders to infection, fail to achieve parasite clearance is not known. Mouse (RAW 264.7) and human (THP-1 and primary) mφs were infected for 3 h and 18 h with T. cruzi TcI isolates, SylvioX10/4 (SYL, virulent) and TCC (nonpathogenic), which represent mφ stimulation and infection states, respectively. Mφs incubated with lipopolysaccharide and gamma interferon (LPS/IFN-γ) and with interleukin-4 (IL-4) were used as controls. We monitored the cytokine profile (using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]), reactive oxygen species (ROS; fluorescent probes), nitric oxide (·NO; Griess assay), and metabolic state using a custom-designed mitoxosome array and Seahorse XF24 Analyzer. LPS/IFN-γ treatment of mφs elicited a potent increase in production of tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α) at 3 h and of ROS and ·NO by 18 h. Upon SYL infection, murine mφs elicited an inflammatory cytokine profile (TNF-α ≫ TGF-β + IL-10) and low levels of ·NO and ROS production. LPS/IFN-γ treatment resulted in the inhibition of oxidative metabolism at the gene expression and functional levels and a switch to the glycolytic pathway in mφs, while IL-4-treated mφs utilized oxidative metabolism to meet energy demands. SYL infection resulted in an intermediate functional metabolic state with increased mitoxosome gene expression and glycolysis, and IFN-γ addition shut down the oxidative metabolism in SYL-infected mφs. Further, TCC- and SYL-stimulated mφs exhibited similar levels of cell proliferation and production of TNF-α and ROS, while TCC-stimulated mφs exhibited up to 2-fold-higher levels of oxidative metabolism and ·NO production than SYL-infected mφs. Inhibiting ATP-coupled O2 consumption suppressed the ·NO generation in SYL-infected mφs. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption constitutes a mechanism for stimulating ·NO production in mφs during T. cruzi infection. Enhancing the oxidative metabolism provides an opportunity for increased ·NO production and pathogen clearance by mφs to limit disease progression.
Predictors of Competitive Employment for Blind and Visually Impaired Consumers of Vocational Rehabilitation Services.

In this study, four variables were found to have a significant association with competitive employment outcomes for blind and visually impaired consumers of vocational rehabilitation services. Thes...
Measurement of coupling between individual interfacial quantum dots

We present a novel collinear multidimensional coherent spectroscopic technique that we use to measure individual interfacial quantum dots and their interactions. We achieve very high spatial resolution for characterizing a wider range of quantum systems.
Implications of RA-Induced CD38 Antigne in IFN gamma and IL-1 beta Induced Apoptosis of Endothelial Cells and Development of Retinoic Acid Syndrome.

Abstract Differentiation therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia with all-trans retinoic acid (RA) represents a major advance in the treatment of myeloid leukemia. Despite high remission rates, treatment with RA is associated with the development of a unique constellation of syndromes collectively referred to as 'retinoic acid syndrome' (RAS). RAS is characterized by fever, dyspnea, weight gain, pulmonary edema, pulmonary infiltrates, pleural and pericardial effusions, episodic hypotension, and acute renal failure, which often lead to a fatal outcome if left uncontrolled. The molecular mechanisms underlying the development of RAS, particularly the events that lead to apoptosis of endothelial cells during RAS development, remain elusive. Here, we report that RA could induce gene expressions of interferon (IFN) gamma and IL-1 beta in the peripheral blast cells of APL samples. By using human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) in vitro, we observed that IFN gamma in combination with IL-1 beta exerted synergistic effect in inducing apoptosis of endothelial cells. In addition, RA treatment up-regulated the expression of CD38 antigen, an ectoenzyme involved in the metabolism of two calcium messengers, the cADPR and NAADP. RA-induced CD38 expression promoted intense attachment of maturing APL cells to the endothelial cells. Experimental data demonstrate that endothelial cells when treated with IFN gamma (10ng/ml) and IL-1 beta (10ng/ml) together undergo significant apoptosis with caspase 8 activation and CD38 expression. To our knowledge, this is the first report that demonstrates the regulation of IFN gamma gene expression in APL cells in response to RA treatment and the combined effect of cytokines and CD38 in driving endothelial cell into apoptosis. These events suggest a link between RA treatment and the development of retinoic acid syndrome and thus may offer novel approaches for controlling the development of RAS in APL patients.
Promoting a University Culture of Sustainability: The Role of Conscious Consumption

This chapter will focus on the economic elements that both promote and enable a university culture of sustainability. The assessment provided differs from other research and evaluation in this area, as it does not view stakeholder motivations as differentiable from the standard consumer model. Instead, the establishment of a university cultural shift is assumed to be consistent with an economy-wide shift in paradigm from consumerism to sustainability. As a result institutional growth is not a focus, stakeholder understanding and capacity for sustainability are. Following a discussion of how the deployment of classical economic theory has contributed to the distancing of consumption from sustainability, this chapter will address how education programs targeted to defining responsible demand, along with an infrastructure inclusive of facilities, curriculum and business as usual operations, are a requisite foundation for the promotion of a university culture of sustainability.
El festín de la historia: abordajes críticos recientes a la novela histórica

Critical review on discourse's multiple possibilities in tbe postmodem historical novel by specielists such as Francisco Abad Nebot, German Gullon, MAtias Barchino, Margarita Almela, Niall Binns, Maria del Carmen Bobes Naves and Angeles de la Concha. To the factors that primarily influence discourse (metanarration, fragmentation, for example) are added those regarding verisimilitude, historical truth and reconstruction vis-a-vis the use of parody and ludicrous treatment of events as a subversive form. Along with reflections on theory, the essay analyzes Fernando del Paso's book Noticias del Imperio, a historical novel whose main purpose is to reappraise tbe role of literary imagination.
The critical role of cognitive-based trait differences in transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) suppression of food craving and eating in frank obesity.

Obesity remains a major public health concern and novel treatments are needed. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulation technique shown to reduce food craving and consumption, especially when targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with a right anode/left cathode electrode montage. Despite the implications to treat frank (non-bingeeating) obesity, no study has tested the right anode/left cathode montage in this population. Additionally, most tDCS appetite studies have not controlled for differences in traits under DLPFC control that may influence how well one responds to tDCS. Hence, N = 18 (10F/8M) adults with frank obesity completed the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire-Restraint and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and received 20 min of 2 mA active tDCS and control tDCS session. Craving and eating was assessed at both sessions with a food photo “wanting” test and in-lab measures of total, preferred, and less-preferred kilocalories consumed of three highly palatable snack foods. While main effects of tDCS vs. control were not found, significant differences emerged when trait scores were controlled. tDCS reduced food craving in females with lower attention-type impulsiveness (p = 0.047), reduced preferred-food consumption in males with lower intent to restrict calories (p = 0.024), and reduced total food consumption in males with higher non-planning-type impulsiveness (p = 0.009) compared to control tDCS. This is the first study to find significant reductions in food craving and consumption in a sample with frank obesity using the most popular tDCS montage in appetite studies. The results also highlight the cognitive-based heterogeneity of individuals with obesity and the importance of considering these differences when evaluating the efficacy of DLPFC-targeted tDCS in future studies aimed at treating obesity.
Transcranial Doppler and Microemboli Detection: Relationships to Symptomatic Status and Histopathology Findings.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between symptomatic status, transcranial Doppler (TCD) microemboli presence and plaque histopathology findings. TCD was performed on 60 patients (37 symptomatic, 23 asymptomatic) before undergoing clinically indicated carotid endarterectomy. The frequency of microemboli signals was not significantly different between symptomatic and asymptomatic subject groups (p = 0.88) and there were no differences observed in the macroscopic or histopathology scoring of these plaques (p-values all > 0.05). The presence of microemboli was associated with an ulceration score (regardless of symptomatic or asymptomatic status, p = 0.034), with a one-level increase in ulceration rating associated with an odds ratio of 5.86 (95% [CI] 1.55, 43.4). These findings suggest that both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients may have plaque with similar features of instability and ability to create emboli. Thus, identifying new ways to measure plaque instability may provide important information for optimizing treatment to prevent future stroke.
Modeling miRNA-mRNA interactions that cause phenotypic abnormality in breast cancer patients.

Background The dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) alters expression level of pro-oncogenic or tumor suppressive mRNAs in breast cancer, and in the long run, causes multiple biological abnormalities. Identification of such interactions of miRNA-mRNA requires integrative analysis of miRNA-mRNA expression profile data. However, current approaches have limitations to consider the regulatory relationship between miRNAs and mRNAs and to implicate the relationship with phenotypic abnormality and cancer pathogenesis. Methodology/Findings We modeled causal relationships between genomic expression and clinical data using a Bayesian Network (BN), with the goal of discovering miRNA-mRNA interactions that are associated with cancer pathogenesis. The Multiple Beam Search (MBS) algorithm learned interactions from data and discovered that hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-10b, hsa-miR-448, and hsa-miR-96 interact with oncogenes, such as, CCND2, ESR1, MET, NOTCH1, TGFBR2 and TGFB1 that promote tumor metastasis, invasion, and cell proliferation. We also calculated Bayesian network posterior probability (BNPP) for the models discovered by the MBS algorithm to validate true models with high likelihood. Conclusion/Significance The MBS algorithm successfully learned miRNA and mRNA expression profile data using a BN, and identified miRNA-mRNA interactions that probabilistically affect breast cancer pathogenesis. The MBS algorithm is a potentially useful tool for identifying interacting gene pairs implicated by the deregulation of expression.
Design and test of precision vertical and horizontal linear nanopositioning flexure stages with centimeter-level travel range for x-ray instrumentation

The ever-increasing spatial resolution of nanofocusing hard x-ray optics, coupled with the need for long working distances and spectroscopic imaging, requires stages that translate optics and samples over millimeters with trajectory errors of under 10 nm. To overcome the performance limitations of precision ball-bearing-based or roller-bearing-based linear stage systems, compact vertical and horizontal linear nanopositioning flexure stages, with centimeter-level travel range, have been designed and tested at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) for x-ray instrumentation applications. The mechanical design and finite element analyses of the flexural stages, as well as its preliminary test results with laser interferometers are described in this paper.
Random flap survival with hyperbaric oxygen: daily versus twice-daily treatments.

Purpose Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO₂) therapy is used to improve the survival of compromised flaps. Compromised flaps are complications encountered postsurgically, or in traumatic degloving or avulsion injuries. Failed flaps lead to persistence of the defect, requirement of another donor site, and psychosocial sequelae. Although evidence of the benefit of HBO₂ therapy is significant, there is no consensus on the optimal treatment regimen. The purpose of this study is to examine whether twice-daily treatments (BID HBO₂) provide additional benefit compared to daily treatments (QD HBO₂) in a rat compromised random flap model. Methods A rat random flap model was used with subjects divided into three groups: 1) control group; 2) QD HBO₂; and 3) BID HBO₂, where HBO₂ was performed with 100% oxygen at 2.5 atmospheres absolute/ATA (253 kPa) for 90 minutes. After 10 days, areas of flap necrosis were measured and biopsies were taken for histologic analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and paired t-tests. A P-value ⟨0.05 was considered significant. Result Both treatment groups had significantly increased mean flap survival compared to controls (P⟨0.05). There was no significant difference in flap survival between the QD and BID groups. Capillary proliferation in the QD group was increased compared with controls. Conclusion Both QD and BID HBO₂ protocols can significantly decrease random flap necrosis. However, the results of this study suggest there is no additional benefit gained with BID treatments. Clinical studies are warranted to confirm these findings and assist in formalization of protocols for the use of HBO₂in treating compromised random flaps.
Radiation Therapy Planning Using Computerized Interactive Portal Simulation

This presentation demonstrates the role of computerized portal simulation (beam’s eye view displays) for defining appropriate beam portals. With this technique, computerized tomography (CT) data input and portal film input are used to design and verify the geometrical placement of radiation fields, beam blocks and compensators. Computer dose calculations utilizing a three dimensional beam model are performed for the beam’s eye view (i.e. on planes perpendicular to the central axis) and are used to assist in the plan evaluation and optimization.
Self and Identity

Self and identity may be two of the most popular concepts in social psychology. Nearly every area of social psychology touches on some aspect of a person's self or identity, or on a group's identity. The most cursory glance at a library's card catalog or a bookstore's holdings show that self and identity have enormous popularity among academic researchers and the general public. The prominence of self and identity research in sociology and psychology traces first to James's (1890) original and incisive treatment followed by some early and important efforts by sociologists (Cooley, 1902; Thomas & Znaniecki, 1918) and philosophers (i.e., Mead, 1934). Still, thorough and empirically oriented work on self and identity did not flourish until sociology's post-World War II renaissance as a methodologically rigorous science (Martindale, 1981) and psychology's cognitive revolution in the 1950s (Gardner, 1985). Theory and research on self and identity, though nearly 60 years old by the 1950s, was still in its infancy, if the bulk of publications is any indication. This is especially true for identity. As the figures that follow show, journal articles, authored books, and dissertations with self or identity in their titles or abstracts grew exponentially from the 1950s to the present. According to PsycINFO (American Psychological Association, 2002),* 2,820 journal articles on the self were published from 1950 to 1959; 5,894 from 1960 to 1969; 18,706 during the 1970s; 38,096 during the 1980s; and a whopping 70,781 from 1990 to the present. With respect to identity, the 1950s saw 190 articles; the 1960s 687; the 1970s 2,268; the 1980s 5,029; and the 1990s to the present 11,166. Dissertations and books on self or identity also exploded during this time period. For dissertations on the self, 7,759 were approved between 1950 and 1979, with the number
HOW MUCH VELOCITY INFORMATION IS NECESSARY TO PREDICT SEDIMENT SUSPENSION IN THE SURF ZONE

The time-dependent response of sediment suspension to water velocity was explored by modeling field measurements collected in the surf zone during a large storm. Both linear and nonlinear input-output models were formulated with water velocity as input and suspended-sediment concentration as output. A sequence of past velocities (velocity history), in addition to velocity from the same instant as the measurement of suspended-sediment concentration, were used as input. The velocity-history length was allowed to vary. The models also incorporated a lag between input (instantaneous velocity or velocity history) and output (suspendedsediment concentration). Instantaneous horizontal water velocity, or velocity to a power, does not contain enough information to predict suspension in the surf zone. Unlike steady uniform flow, more than one velocity is necessary to parameterize pick-up and mixing of sediment into the water column. Using a velocity history improves predictions of suspension by more fully specifying flow conditions (including accelerations and changes in accelerations) responsible for suspension. Suspension in the future is better predicted than suspension at the same instant as velocity measurements. Incorporating such a lag between velocity and concentration improved predictions, with optimum lag time increasing with elevation above the sea bed (from 1.5 seconds at 13 cm to 8.5 seconds at 60 cm for linear models). These lags are largely due to the time for an observed flow event to effect the bed and mix sediment upward. Nonlinear models relating suspension to velocity do better than linear models using the same velocity history. Nonlinear models are able to exploit changing relationships between suspension and velocity history for different wave shapes. For the environmental conditions of our study, the optimal model (correlation coefficient of 0.58) used 3 seconds of velocity history (approximately one-quarter wave period) and a 1.5 second lag to predict suspension.
Localization from Hilbert space shattering: From theory to physical realizations

Known routes to ergodicity breaking -- integrability and many-body localization -- require extensively many explicit or emergent conservation laws. Here we show that two conservation laws are sufficient to provably and robustly break ergodicity by ``shattering'' Hilbert space into exponentially many dynamically disconnected sectors. This represents a new paradigm for localization, which does not rely on disorder or energy conservation, which works in any number of spatial dimensions, and which should be realizable in near-term ultracold atom experiments.
A smart decision making tool for cleaning process planning in remanufacturing

Equipping stakeholders with advanced tools to make better decisions for sustainable production is a key to research in smart manufacturing in the 21st century. A smart decision tool to select the optimal cleaning processes for remanufacturing is presented in this paper. The approach started from formulating the process selection problem to a linear programming model to minimise the cost while observing the constraints of part cleaning level, processing time, and energy consumption. In order to model the vague and uncertain information associated with contamination, cost, time and energy consumption, fuzzy sets were applied. Finally, a genetic algorithm was proposed to search for the optimal solution to the mathematical model. Further, a software prototype was coded in MATLAB® to validate the proposed approach. Two case study results show that the proposed approach can overcome the deficiency on handling information vagueness and multiple objectives when searching for optimal cleaning solutions in remanufacturing. The proposed approach is systematic; it can be integrated into process planning in remanufacturing.
Vocabulary Growth From 18 to 24 Months of Age in Children With and Without Repaired Cleft Palate

Purpose This study investigated vocabulary growth from 18 to 24 months of age in young children with repaired cleft palate (CP), children with otitis media, and typically developing (TD) children. ...
Update on lupus epidemiology: advancing health disparities research through the study of minority populations.

Purpose of reviewThe current review focuses on recent population-based studies that have examined the burden of lupus, disease outcomes, and gaps in quality of care, with an emphasis in research addressing health disparities.Recent findingsThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Lupu
Position of the non-stance leg during the single leg squat affects females and males differently.

Abstract Background Kinematic differences between females and males for the single leg squat (SLS) have been identified. However, kinetic differences between sexes and how variations of the non-stance leg position during the SLS may affect kinematics and kinetics differently in females and males have not been examined. Objectives Examine sex-specific kinematic and kinetic differences during the SLS task with 3 different non-stance leg positions. Design Controlled laboratory study, cross-sectional design. Methods Thirty-two healthy adults (16 females, 16 males) performed the 3 SLS tasks while data were collected using a motion capture system and force plates. At 60 degrees of knee flexion (60KF) and peak knee flexion (PKF), kinematics and joint moments were compared between sexes and SLS tasks using a linear regression analysis. Results Females exhibited less ipsilateral trunk flexion (P Conclusion Altering the non-stance leg position during the SLS affects the kinematics and kinetics of both females and males. The position of the non-stance leg can be modified for assessment and treatment purposes and should be reported in research.
Self-organizing neuruloids model developmental aspects of Huntington's disease in the ectodermal compartment.

Harnessing the potential of human embryonic stem cells to mimic normal and aberrant development with standardized models is a pressing challenge. Here we use micropattern technology to recapitulate early human neurulation in large numbers of nearly identical structures called neuruloids. Dual-SMAD inhibition followed by bone morphogenic protein 4 stimulation induced self-organization of neuruloids harboring neural progenitors, neural crest, sensory placode and epidermis. Single-cell transcriptomics unveiled the precise identities and timing of fate specification. Investigation of the molecular mechanism of neuruloid self-organization revealed a pulse of pSMAD1 at the edge that induced epidermis, whose juxtaposition to central neural fates specifies neural crest and placodes, modulated by fibroblast growth factor and Wnt. Neuruloids provide a unique opportunity to study the developmental aspects of human diseases. Using isogenic Huntington’s disease human embryonic stem cells and deep neural network analysis, we show how specific phenotypic signatures arise in our model of early human development as a consequence of mutant huntingtin protein, outlining an approach for phenotypic drug screening. Micropatterning generates the four ectodermal cell types of human neurulation.
Educating for sustainable development: Cultivating creativity through mindfulness

Abstract The emotional and cognitive benefits of creativity and mindfulness on the learning process are well documented. However, research on the role of creativity and mindfulness in higher education for sustainable development (HESD) is lacking. This article narrows this research gap by examining the (mis)alignment of managerial and mechanistic educational approaches with HESD, while advocating for teaching students how to learn rather than what to learn, emphasizing the need to cultivate contemplation and creativity, and exploring the opportunities associated with divergent thinking. This article utilizes theoretical inquiry and is grounded in the field of curriculum studies. The author describes how education for sustainable development can be transformed through mindful pedagogy and curriculum. HESD requires that we promote transdisciplinary inquiry and empower students to think and act differently than required within conventional educational approaches. The author argues that infusing mindfulness into higher education curriculum and pedagogy can help students reconceive the role of humans on the planet and cultivate reflection, innovation, and integration to tackle the grand challenges associated with sustainability. Situated at the intersection of sustainability education, creativity, and mindfulness, this work distinguishes itself from other similar scholarship by drawing from autobiographical inquiry, theoretical inquiry, and the broad field of curriculum studies.
Classification and Transfer Learning of EEG during a Kinesthetic Motor Imagery Task using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

The reliable classification of Electroencephalography (EEG) signals is a crucial step towards making EEG-controlled non-invasive neuro-exoskeleton rehabilitation a practical reality. EEG signals collected during motor imagery tasks have been proposed to act as a control signal for exoskeleton applications. Here, a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) was optimized to classify a two-class kinesthetic motor imagery EEG dataset, leading to an optimized architecture consisting of four convolutional layers and three fully connected layers. Transfer learning, or the leveraging of data from past subjects to classify the intentions of a new subject, is important for rehabilitation as it helps to minimize the number of training sessions required from subjects who lack full motor functionality. The transfer learning training paradigm investigated through this study utilized region criticality trends to reduce the number of new subject training sessions and increase the classification performance when compared against a single-subject non-transfer-learning classifier.
Palliative Care and Infection Management at End of Life in Nursing Homes: A Descriptive Survey

Background:Infections are common occurrences at end of life that are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality among frail elderly individuals. The problem of infections in nursing home...
Thirty-Day Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents: a First Look at the MBSAQIP Database.

Bariatric surgery is the only effective treatment of severe obesity. The number of adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery is increasing. However, bariatric surgery in adolescents is controversial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of bariatric surgery in adolescents based on the MBSAQIP database (Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Project). We analyzed the 2015–2017 MBSAQIP database; patients ≤ 19 years of age were included in our analysis. Primary outcomes were 30-day serious adverse events (SAEs), organ space infection (OSI), re-intervention, and re-operation rates. Secondary outcomes included operation length, hospital stay, and re-admission rates. We conducted separate Mann-Whitney rank sums tests, chi-square, or Fisher’s exact tests as appropriate, with p 19 years old (n = 353,726), we found no difference in our outcomes. However, adolescents had significantly shorter operation length. In adolescents, LSG had fewer SAE, re-intervention, and readmission rates compared with LRYGB. There was no difference in outcomes between adolescents and adults.
Eleições no Brasil: a caminhode um sistema político moderno

Presidential elections in Brazil consolidated the tendency toward modernization and stabilization of the political system that had been expressed in the strengthening of a national bi-partisanism, the fading away of state oligarchy’s electoral role, the electoral equilibrium that was achieved among the different levels of government and the centralizing logic of major political actors. These factors, which in essence can be considered quite positive, are central to the explanation of Lula’s victory in the second round of elections, in which a positive evaluation of his economic management prevailed over ethical considerations
Treatment of bovine respiratory disease with erythromycin and amoxicillin

The antibiotic used first in beef cattle with respiratory disease (attributable to Pasteurella haemolytica) was erythromycin. The cure rate fell from 60% in 1984 to 53% in 1985. Cases which failed to respond were next treated with amoxicillin, giving combined cure rates of 82% in 1984 and 87.5% in 1985. Spectinomycin was the third antibiotic used, if needed. The sensitivity of P. haemolytica to these antibiotics was discussed.
Handbook of Biosensors and Biosensor Kinetics

Biosensors are essential to an ever-expanding range of applications, including healthcare; drug design; detection of biological, chemical, and toxic agents; environmental monitoring; biotechnology; aviation; physics; oceanography; and, the protection of civilian and engineering infrastructures. This book, like the previous five books on biosensors by this author (and one by the co-author), addresses the neglected areas of analyte-receptor binding and dissociation kinetics occurring on biosensor surfaces. Topics are covered in a comprehensive fashion, with homogeneous presentation for the benefit of the reader. The contributors address the economic aspects of biosensors and incorporate coverage of biosensor fabrication and nanobiosensors, among other topics. The comments, comparison, and discussion presented provides a better perspective of where the field of biosensors is heading. It serves as a comprehensive resource on biosensor analysis. It examines timely topics such as biosensor fabrication and nanobiosensors. It covers economic aspects and medical applications (e.g., the role of analytes in controlling diabetes).
Microscopic Spectra Evaluation. Semiempirical Modeling

A rather realistic theoretical model has been in the hand of researchers since the 1950s, the so named “traditional assumptions” (see Introduction); however, the spectrum shape calculated on the basis of this assumption contradicts the experimental data, and this “physical” approach cannot help with the main request—to provide any useful function for data analysis. Therefore, prompt fission neutron spectra (PFNS) are analyzed with semi-empirical formulas: Maxwellian distribution, single-Watt or two-Watt spectra approaches, “scale method,” and so on. All these approaches do not have any strong physical basis. However, the spectrum shape, predicted with these approaches and adjusted parameters, allows us to normalize experimental data, extrapolate the calculated PFNS to different input energies, and prepare the data library. The main attention is paid to the discussion of the evaluation procedure for two very important PFNS, 252Cf(sf) and 235U(th), and to the uncertainties for evaluated spectra and average energy of fission neutrons for these isotopes. In addition, peculiarities connected with pre-fission neutron emission are also discussed.
Orthogonal Ternary Functionalization of a Mesoporous Metal-Organic Framework via Sequential Postsynthetic Ligand Exchange.

A sequential postsynthetic ligand exchange process was used to prepare a series of mono-, di-, and trifunctionalized mesoporous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Using this process, orthogonal functional groups were installed and thereafter postsynthetically modified with dye and quencher molecules. Microspectrophotometry studies were used to determine the distribution of the two orthogonal functional groups within the MOF crystals.
Degradation of Polymeric Carbohydrates by Microbial Enzymes

Higher animals prepare solid foods for digestion by mastication, grinding and other means of disintegration. Microorganisms must proceed in another manner. Spores of wood rotting fungi are brought to their substrate by wind, water or insects. In a moist environment, they germinate and the hyphae advance along open spaces till they reach a barrier, which they proceed to penetrate by physical or chemical means. The hyphal tip liberates the enzymes required to catalyze hydrolysis of the wall components, and grows into the space so liberated (Fig. 1), maintaining close contact with the wall. Bacteria behave similarly but with less ability to penetrate and advance rapidly into a complex structure.
Strategic adaptation to extended rivalry

Abstract We propose and test a path-analytic model relating extended rivalry to organizational strategies and subsequent performance outcomes. The results provide support for the theorized role of strategy in partially mediating the effects of the environment on organizational performance. The evidence suggests that, although firms can proactively respond to some forms of extended rivalry via the implementation of appropriate strategies, other conditions seem to be relatively intractable. Managerial insights are provided concerning the achievement of competitive advantage over extended rivals via the utilization of particular generic strategies.
Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal

Beginning in October 1992, cases of cholera-like disease associated with a Vibrio cholerae strain that did not agglutinate with O1 antisera were noted in Madras, India. The emergence of V. cholerae O139 demonstrates that the O1 antigen is not an exclusive marker for epidemic potential and underscores the need to better understand the interplay of genetic and epidemiologic factors that allow strains to spread rapidly through populations. V. cholerae O139 Bengal does not agglutinate with monoclonal or polyclonal antisera directed against the O1 antigen. DNA sequences of 16S rRNA (positions 330 to 615) from these isolates are typical for V. cholerae O1 strains. V. cholerae O139 carries the gene for and expresses cholera toxin. Monoclonal and polyclonal antisera directed against the O139 antigen are available on a limited, experimental basis; such antisera should be available commercially in the near future. As with V. cholerae O1, the mainstay of therapy for diarrheal disease is oral rehydration. Since resistance to antimicrobial agents is in most instances plasmid mediated, it may be only a matter of time before tetracycline resistance is acquired by O139 strains.
Stressed Cells Cope with Protein Overload

Stress on eukaryotic cells causes build-up of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. To protect itself, the cell degrades mRNA for ER proteins.
Marrow adipogenesis and bone loss that parallels estrogen deficiency is slowed by low-intensity mechanical signals.

Summary Ovariectomized mice were used to assess the ability of low-intensity vibrations to protect bone microarchitecture and marrow composition. Results indicate that low-intensity vibrations (LIV), introduced 2 weeks postsurgery, slows marrow adipogenesis in OVX mice but does not restore the bone within the period studied. However, immediate application of LIV partially protects quality.
Clinicopathologic Features Associated With Human Papillomavirus/p16 in Patients With Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anal Canal.

Background The incidence of anal carcinoma in the U.S. continues to increase steadily, and infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) is an established risk factor for the development of anal carcinoma. However, the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal according to HPV status have not yet been defined. Materials and methods The records of patients treated for metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal at the MD Anderson Cancer Center from June 2005 to August 2013 were reviewed. The patients were tested for the presence of HPV DNA by in situ hybridization and/or the p16 oncoprotein by immunohistochemistry. Associations between the presence of HPV and clinicopathologic attributes were measured. Results Of the 72 patients reviewed, 68 tumors (94%) had detectable HPV. Patients with HPV-negative tumors were more likely to be of nonwhite ethnicity (odds ratio, 8.7) and have a strong (>30 pack-year) tobacco history (odds ratio, 8.7). A trend toward improved survival from the time of diagnosis of metastatic disease was noted among patients with HPV-positive tumors. Conclusion Most patients with metastatic anal cancer had detectable HPV, with differences in tobacco history and ethnicity detected according to HPV status. The high frequency of HPV positivity for patients with metastatic anal cancer has important implications for novel immunotherapy treatment approaches, including ongoing clinical trials with immune checkpoint blockade agents using antibodies targeting the programmed death-1 receptor. Implications for practice Previous studies investigating the clinical features of patients with anal cancer focused on those with early-stage disease. The present study characterizes, for the first time, clinical and pathological features according to human papillomavirus (HPV) status for patients with metastatic anal cancer. A high frequency of HPV-positive tumors and correlations between HPV status and both ethnicity and tobacco history was found. No standard-of-care therapy is available for patients with metastatic anal cancer, and most receive cytotoxic chemotherapy. The high prevalence of HPV in the current population generates optimism for ongoing clinical trials investigating the role of immune checkpoint blockade agents as a novel treatment approach for this disease.