cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tumefactive multiple sclerosis (TMS): A case series of this challenging variant of MS.

Abstract Background Tumefactive MS is a rare variant of multiple sclerosis that poses a diagnostic and a therapeutic challenge due to its close resemblance to central nervous neoplasms on MRI. TMS is defined as acute large >2 cm, tumour like demyelinating lesion in the CNS that may occur with surrounding edema, mass effect and ring enhancement. Some of the known mimickers are CNS lymphoma, metastasis, primary brain tumour such as glioblastoma, brain abscesses. The prevalence of TMS is estimated to be 1-3/1000 cases. There are also reported cases of drug induced TMS cases especially with fingolimod and natalizumab therapy. We report the occurrence of tumefactive MS at our institution. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the chart of the patients with multiple sclerosis including initial visits, hospitalizations, clinic follow up notes and collected data on demographic, ethnicity, presenting signs and symptoms, imaging modalities, cerebrospinal fluid analysis results, disease progression. After reviewing the charts, we isolated the patients with tumefactive multiple sclerosis from the group and summarized the cases. Four of these patients were managed with Glatiramer acetate, 2 on dimethyl fumarate and 1 on beta interferon with 0-2 clinical flare ups on subsequent years. Results Out of 323 patients reviewed with multiple sclerosis or possible multiple sclerosis, 7 carried a diagnosis of tumefactive MS. The age range of these patients were 19 to 62 years old with 4 females and 3 males. Five patients were Caucasian and 2 were Hispanic. Out of seven patients, 6 were newly diagnosed MS following biopsy of the lesion. The histological findings in 3 patients who underwent biopsy demonstrated include reactive gliosis and inflammatory cells predominantly macrophages and lymphocytes while 1 patient showed hypercellular brain tissue with perineuronal satellosis. Conclusion Tumefactive MS remains a challenging disease to diagnosis and often times requires a biopsy for definitive diagnosis or to exclude neoplasms, other inflammatory conditions such as neurosarcoidosis. The demographic of the patients in this case series is no different than patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). However, based on our experience, the patients with TMS do respond to disease modifying agents such as Glatiramer acetate and Dimethyl fumarate with similar progression as of RRMS.
The critical piece missing from a critical food studies curriculum

Many scholars agree that given the history and the missions of many higher education institutions that seek to develop responsible, active, and moral citizens, academics and universities are positi...
A 48-year-old female with perioperative anaphylaxis.

Identifying the culprit medication in cases of perioperative anaphylaxis can be extremely challenging. A detailed and accurate history, coupled with the appropriate testing, plays a key role in discovering the etiology of perioperative anaphylaxis. We present the case of a 48-year-old woman with a cranial meningioma who was scheduled for surgery. Chlorhexidine, midazolam, lidocaine, propofol, fentanyl, rocuronium, and furosemide were administered during the perioperative period. She developed hypotension, urticaria, bronchospasm, and other symptoms of anaphylaxis soon after general anesthesia. The serum tryptase level obtained during anaphylaxis was 119 ng/mL (normal, <11.4 ng/mL). Epinephrine was administered, and the surgery was canceled, with no cause identified. For the next surgical attempt, she was pretreated with diphenhydramine and ranitidine, and the neuromuscular blocker was withheld. Again, she developed hypotension consistent with anaphylaxis, and epinephrine was administered. She was referred for consultation. A detailed and accurate history was obtained. The baseline serum tryptase level was 6.4 ng/ mL. Skin-prick puncture tests were completed, and a diagnosis was made. The surgical team was instructed to avoid the culprit medication, and the cranial surgery was successful. Although difficult, cases of perioperative anaphylaxis can be solved with a detailed history, keen detective work, and appropriate testing.
Phase Ib/II study of capecitabine 7/7 schedule with neratinib in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

e15016Background: Neratinib (N) is a potent irreversible inhibitor of HER1, HER2, and HER4. Capecitabine (X) at optimal dose of 7 days on and 7 days off schedule (7/7) is well-tolerated with low ra...
Reconfigurable Switched-Capacitor Power Converters

The proliferation of self-powered devices and implantable biomedical microsystems has led to the growth of highly-efficient, multi-mode power supply designs. SC power converters are invaluable to such applications since they enable robust operation at ultra-low-power levels, enhance the operation lifetime and achieve monolithic implementation, thereby reducing the size, cost and PCB footprint of the overall system.
Treatment of pediatric Hodgkin's lymphoma.

We are increasingly successful in the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma. Current risk adapted trials seek to maintain the excellent efficacy of older therapies, while simultaneously limiting their late toxicities. Current management of early stage/favorable disease involves the use of two to four cycles of tailored chemotherapy, often followed by low-dose, involved field radiation. Those with intermediate and advanced stage disease require more intense chemotherapy and radiation regimens. Functional imaging using [18F]-2 fluoro-D-2-deoxyglucose is increasingly used to determine complete vs. partial response and to detect relapse. Given the success of primary therapy, retrieval of patients remains a highly individualized challenge. The majority of children failing combined-modality treatment undergo high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue, oftentimes with consolidative radiotherapy.
SOME MECHANISMS AFFECTING THE MASS OF DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICULATE COLLECTED FOLLOWING A DILUTION PROCESS

Previously measured particulate mass concentrations from a single-cylinder indirect-injection diesel engine are examined; these were obtained under varying dilution ratio and filter temperature conditions. Considering the mechanisms of condensation, adsorption, and diffusion, observed variations in total particulate mass are attributed primarily to the adsorption and desorption of exhaust hydrocarbons on solid particulate matter. A simple Langmuir adsorption model is employed to explain qualitatively the observed effects of dilution ratio and sample temperature. Only under conditions of relatively high hydrocarbon emission is the condensation mechanism shown to be important. Simple adsorption analysis predicts trends observed in constant volume sampling dilution tunnels in which filter temperature and dilution ratio change simultaneously.
[beta]-Glucan Synthesis in the Cotton Fiber (IV. In Vitro Assembly of the Cellulose I Allomorph)

In vitro assembly of cellulose from plasma membrane extracts of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fiber was enriched by a combination of 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid extraction buffer and two independent digitonin solubilization steps consisting of 0.05% digitonin (SE1) followed by 1% digitonin (SE2). Glucan synthase activity assays revealed that, although the SE2 fraction possessed higher activity, only 8.6% of the in vitro product survived acetic/nitric acid treatment. On the other hand, the SE1 fraction was less active, but 32.1% of the total glucan in vitro product was resistant to acetic/nitric acid. In vitro products synthesized from the SE1 fraction contained [beta]-1,3-glucan and fibrillar cellulose I, whereas the SE2 fraction produced [beta]-1,3-glucan and cellulose II. Both celluloses assembled in vitro were labeled with cellobiohydrolase I-gold complex, and the electron diffraction patterns of both products from SE1 and SE2 revealed cellulose I and cellulose II, respectively. Contamination of native cellulose was ruled out by extensive evidence from autoradiography of the ethanol-insoluble and acetic/nitric acid-insoluble materials, including three different controls.
Lemonade from Lemons: Can Advocates Convert Bush v. Gore into a Vehicle for Reform?

In this Article, Steven Mulroy reviews the litigation challenging outmoded voting machine systems under the Equal Protection Clause, using the language in the Supreme Court’s Bush v. Gore decision requiring equal weight given to equal votes in various parts of a state. He examines whether Bush v. Gore actually applies to the factual situations presented by these cases, or whether it is more properly limited very narrowly by its facts. Assuming that it applies, he explores whether plaintiffs need to prove discriminatory intent, and what the proper constitutional standard of review should be.
Cinema as a tool for science literacy

A project known as "Physics in Films" currently underway at UCF is designed to generate renewed interest and excitement in the standard "Physical Science" course. In the initial, developmental phase of the project the instructors selected films without regard to genre and theme. They only demanded that the selected films would cover nearly all the traditional topics of the typical "Physical Science" course. The project met with unprecedented success that motivated a rapid and more sophisticated expansion. In the current phase the authors demonstrate that the method is very flexible, accommodating the movie preferences of any instructor. The authors are developing versions of the course that have different "flavors", that is, "Physics in Films" course packages built around particular genres or themes. For example, during the 2003 summer terms we class-tested the flavors "Physics in Films: Superheroes" and "Physics in Films: Pseudoscience". Additional flavors are under development. This talk summarizes part of our experiences and presents some of the results from our courses. Overall, the method opens an effective way to help large masses to overcome science illiteracy.
Panel on Challenges of IFRS Adoption and Corporate Governance Reorganization in Europe Sponsored by Ibeacon

Panelists:Roberto Di Pietra, University of Siena, Editor- in- Chief Journal of Management and GovernanceWolfgang Dick, ESSEC, ParisGary Grudnitski, San Diego State UniversityChristopher Hossfeld, ESCP-EAP European School of Management, University of Texas at Austin
Electron Correlation Dynamics in Atomic Collisions

Preface 1. Introduction 2. Single electron-electron transition probabilities 3. Formulation of multi-electron transition probabilities 4. Independent electron approximation 5. Statistical methods 6. Correlated multi-electron-electron transition probabilities 7. Perturbation expansions 8. Projectiles carrying electrons 9. Reactions with photons 10. Relations between charged particle and photon reactions Appendices References.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Heterocycloaddition of a Diazomalonate and a Nitrile: 4‐Carbomethoxy‐5‐Methoxy‐2‐Phenyl‐1,3‐Oxazole

Rhodium-catalyzed heterocycloaddition of a diazomalonate and a nitrile: 4-carbomethoxy-5-methoxy-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazole intermediate: dimethyl diazomalonate product: 4-carbomethoxy-5-methoxy-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazole reactant: diazo formylacetate (2) Keywords: annulation, heterocyclic-[5]; cyclization, cycloaddition; diazo transfer; metal-catalyzed reactions, rhodium; chloroform, highly toxic, cancer suspect agent; diazo compounds; dimethyl diazomalonate, explosion hazard
Uma interpretação geométrica dos algoritmos dos elipsóides

The existence of polynomial time algorithms for the consistency problem of a system of linear inequalities was shown by Khachyan, a russian mathematician. In this article it is shown how some of these algorithms can be developed starting from simple geometric proprierties of spheres and ellipsoids.
The treatment of acute stomatitis

Summary Chromium trioxide (5 to 7 per cent solution) is the only local application which has given us the slightest effect in treating gingivostomatitis. If the solution is used with the proper technique, improvement begins promptly, and the disease is definitely shortened, especially in the cases in which treatment is begun early. The relief from pain on eating which follows a treatment is enough to justify its use. There is no danger of a caustic effect nor of gum atrophy. This solution is also useful in relieving the pain and shortening the duration of the common canker sore.
Identification of Novel Parasitic Cysteine Protease Inhibitors by Use of Virtual Screening. 2. The Available Chemical Directory

The incidence of parasitic infections such as malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis has been steadily increasing. Since the existing chemotherapy of these diseases suffers from lack of safe and effective drugs and/or the presence of widespread drug resistance, there is an urgent need for development of potent, mechanism-based antiparasitic agents against these diseases. Cysteine proteases have been established as valid targets for this purpose. The Available Chemical Directory consisting of nearly 355 000 compounds was screened in silico against the homology models of plasmodial cysteine proteases, falcipain-2, and falcipain-3, to identify structurally diverse non-peptide inhibitors. The study led to identification of 22 inhibitors of parasitic cysteine proteases out of which 18 compounds were active against falcipain-2 and falcipain-3. Eight compounds exhibited dual activity against both enzymes. Additionally, four compounds were found to inhibit L. donovani cysteine protease. While one of the cyst...
The histochemical specificity of Streptomyces hyaluronidase and chondroitinase ABC.

Treatment of tissue sections with enzymes which degrade specific types of glycosaminoglycans should provide a means for localizing glycosaminoglycans in tissue sections. The feasibility of this technique was examined by utilizing endogenously labelled glycosaminoglycans in chick and quail embryos. Less than 8% of the total glycosaminoglycans appear to be lost non-specifically during fixation and dehydration. BothStreptomyces hyaluronidase and chondroitinase ABC degraded more than 90% of their respective substrates and demonstrated minimal non-specific extraction of other glycosaminoglycans. The selectivity of chondroitinase ABC for sulphated glycosaminoglycans was substantially increased by raising the pH of the incubation buffer to 8.6. At this pH, chondroitinase ABC degraded negligible amounts of hyaluronic acid. Use of bothStreptomyces hyaluronidase and chondroitinase ABC confirmed that embryonic hyaluronic acid binds Alcian Blue under conditions that were previously believed specific for sulphated glycosaminoglycans. We suggest that this may be due to the increased molecular weight of embryonic hyaluronic acid compared to the hyaluronic acid in adult tissues. The results presented suggest that treatment of adjacent sections with buffer, chondroitinase ABC at pH 8.6, andStreptomyces hyaluronidase and subsequent staining with Alcian Blue provides a method for localizing and quantitating glycosaminoglycans in tissue sections.
Transient activity and replacement of catalyst in multistage reactors

Equations are derived for the transient activity of flow medium in multistage continuous flow reactors. Activity behavior of linear, exponential, and step change is considered. Complete mixing in each stage is assumed. Application to a fluidized bed reactor is presented and a method of obtaining mixing coefficients is given. Les equations exprimant l'activite d'un catalyseur circulant dans un reacteur continu a effets multiples en regime d'etablissement sont developpees pour les cas ou la diminution d'activite en fonction du temps est lineaire, exponentielle et “en gradins” en supposant un melange parfaitement homogene dans chacune des parties du reacteur. A titre d'exemple, ces equations sont appliquees au cas d'un reacteur a lit fluidise et on titre une methode d'estimation du degre d'homogeneite.
PSE-like turkey breast enhancement through adjunct incorporation in a chunked and formed deli roll

Abstract A randomized complete block design with five treatments (100% pale, soft, and exudative-like (PSE-like), 100% PSE-like + 1.5% collagen, 100% PSE-like + 0.30% κ-/ ι -carrageenan, 100% PSE-like + 1.5% soy protein concentrate, and 100% Normal) and six replications was utilized to test the effects of meat raw material, turkey collagen (TC), soy protein concentrate (SPC), and carrageenan (CG) on protein functionality in the formulation of chunked and formed turkey breast. Addition of 1.5% SPC and 1.5% TC both decreased ( P P P P > 0.05) existed in consumer acceptability among treatments. This research demonstrates the potential to increase the water holding capacity and improve the texture of deli rolls from PSE-like raw material through the incorporation of collagen, soy protein, or carrageenan.
Direct mapping of local redox current density on a monolith electrode by laser scanning.

Abstract An optical method of mapping local redox reaction over a monolith electrode using simple laser scanning is described. As the optical signal is linearly proportional to the maximum redox current that is measured concomitantly by voltammetry, the optical signal quantitatively maps the local redox current density distribution. The method is demonstrated on two types of reactions: (1) a reversible reaction where the redox moieties are ionic, and (2) an irreversible reaction on two different types of enzymes immobilized on the electrode where the reaction moieties are nonionic. To demonstrate the scanning capability, the local redox behavior on a “V-shaped” electrode is studied where the local length scale and, hence, the local current density, is nonuniform. The ability to measure the current density distribution by this method will pave the way for multianalyte analysis on a monolith electrode using a standard three-electrode configuration. The method is called Scanning Electrometer for Electrical Double-layer (SEED).
A simple holder for efficient mass staining of thin sections for electron microscopy.

An inexpensive simply-constructed gridholder for reproducible staining of sections and storage of grids is made of a platelet of dental wax (Ladd No. 2460, or Belladi, rosa, normal) mounted on a glass slide. The grids are simply inserted perpendicularly into the wax and are held securely at their edges by the slightly sticky wax. Staining solutions may be applied directly to the standing grids or the gridholder may be inverted in a trough containing the staining solution, thus avoiding excessive contact with the air. Washing is carried out by dipping the gridholder in a series of beakers with distilled water or by flushing gently. The grids may be labeled directly on the slide and are therefore identified easily. The wax-gridholder eliminates excessive handling of the grids with tweezers not only during the staining procedure but as well as during storage and thus helps to prevent mechanical damage of the delicate sections mounted on the grids. Waxes other than those specified should not be used because o...
Factors relevant to the validity of experiments in social settings.

This chapter attempts a specification of the major categories of extraneous variables and employs these categories in evaluating the validity of standard designs for experimentation in the social sciences. The extraneous variables affecting internal validity are introduced in the process of analyzing three pre-experimental designs. In the subsequent evaluation of the applicability of three true experimental designs, factors leading to external invalidity are introduced. In analyzing the extraneous variables which experimental designs for social settings seek to control, seven categories have been distinguished: history, maturation, testing, instrument decay, regression, selection, and mortality. In general, the simple or main effects of these variables jeopardize the internal validity of the experiment and are adequately controlled in standard experimental designs. The interactive effects of these variables and of experimental arrangements affect the external validity of generalizability of experimental results. Standard experimental designs vary in their susceptibility to these interactive effects.
Ventilated patients' self-esteem during intubation and after extubation.

The primary purpose of this study was to determine if there was a difference in patients’ self-esteem during intubation and after extubation, when differences in acuity were controlled. A secondary purpose was to examine and compare the self-esteem of subjects intubated for medical or surgical reasons. A descriptive longitudinal design compared the self-esteem of 29 subjects during intubation and after extubation. A repeated measures analysis of covariance found selfesteem to be significantly higher after extubation in subjects as a whole, when acuity at extubation was controlled. A repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction effect for reason of intubation. Only medical patients experienced an increase in self-esteem over time. Their selfesteem was also lower when they were intubated. The findings support the dynamic nature of self-esteem in hospitalized patients. The implications of the study for research and practice are discussed.
Development of A Medical Device for Quantitative Physical Therapies

Physical therapies using mechanical loadings are widely used for improving and recovering the physical activities of human tissues. It is generally accepted that such therapies promote health and well-being by many mechanisms, including fastening muscle blood flow, parasympathetic activity, releasing relaxation hormones and inhibiting muscle tension, neuromuscular excitability and stress hormones. Nonetheless, most of current research in this area is based on statistics and thus qualitative, preventing the in-depth study of the effectiveness of these therapies. It is partially due to the lack of appropriate tools for quantitative loading and in situ tissue evaluation. To address this, we developed a medical device that resembles the mechanical motions and loadings that occur in massage therapies by applying combinations of compressive and shear loadings to the subject tissues. This device consists of a loading wheel, a force sensor, a pneumatic actuator, a control system and a data acquisition system. In this work, mechanical forces were applied to the lower limbs of rabbits with controllable magnitudes, frequencies and durations. The changes of mechanical properties of the subjects, including the compliance and the viscosity, were in situ measured as a function of the loading dose, and correlated to the results from biomolecular assay. This device can quickly identify the optimal sets of loading parameters which lead to high effectiveness, and thus provide guidance to practitioners to design their therapies. It is also expected to shed light on the fundamental study of biomechanical forces in regulation of the physiologic conditions of cells and tissues.
Improved Second Derivative Test for Relative Extrema.

In this note, a modified Second Derivative Test is introduced for the relative extrema of a single variable function. This improved test overcomes the difficulty of the second derivative vanishing at the critical point, while in contrast the traditional test fails for this case. A proof for this improved Second Derivative Test is presented, followed by an example.
Oil Prices and Exchange Rates

The quotations show a sharply divergent pattern in the response of the foreign exchange market to announcements of oil price increases. During the first oil shock, news about oil price rises led to a strengthening of the dollar, whereas during the I979 surge of oil prices the reverse was generally true. When the news was not so bad as feared the dollar fell back in I974, but rose in I979. In 1980 the pattern shifted once again, back to dollar appreciation. Is there a rational fundamental explanation for the behaviour of the foreign exchange market, or is it a matter of traders responding to what other traders arbitrarily think? It is difficult to resolve this question, but some insight can be provided through an analytical examination of the relationship between oil price increases and exchange rates. The paper begins with a theoretical framework for analysing the relation between oil prices and exchange rates, and then uses the theory to explain the behaviour of the foreign exchange market.
‘By the time I get to Arizona’: race, language, and education in America’s racist state

This article reports on research projects conducted primarily by first and second generation Mexican American high school students who document how school relationships are shaped by Arizona’s racist political discourses. They conducted observations of their school experiences and then wrote up what they were observing in field notes. Field note data focus on how political discourse shapes school climate, especially around speaking Spanish, and the treatment of student researchers by other students and teachers. We also discuss the anti-Latino politics in Arizona that began with the passage of Proposition 203 in 2000. The focus of this political discussion is to identify education and immigration related laws passed by the Arizona legislature that target and negatively impact the Latino community. The article concludes with recommendations to improve education for Latino students who are learning the English language.
On the sampling errors of factor loadings

The results of three empirical studies on the sampling fluctuation of centroid factor loadings are reported. The first study is based on data which happened to be available on 8 variables for 700 cases and which were factored to three factors for subsamples. The second study is based on fictitious data for 2500 cases which provided separate analyses on 25 samples for each of three situations: 5 variables, one factor; 5 variables, two factors; and 6 variables, three factors. The third study, based on real data for 9 variables and 7000 cases, involves separate factorization for 35 samples of 200 cases. The three studies agree in showing that the sampling behavior of first centroid factor loadings is much like that of correlation coefficients, whereas the sampling fluctuations for loadings beyond the first are disturbingly large.
Effect of Temperature on Growth and Survival of Bull Trout, with Application of an Improved Method for Determining Thermal Tolerance in Fishes

Abstract Elevated temperature is considered an important factor in the decline of the threatened bull trout Salvelinus confluentus, but the thermal requirements of this species have not been defined. We used the acclimated chronic exposure (ACE) method to assess the upper thermal limits and growth optima of bull trout fed daily to satiation over test temperatures ranging from 8°C to 28°C during 60-d trials. Survival of age-0 bull trout was at least 98% at 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18°C, but 0% at 22, 24, 26, and 28°C after 60 d. The predicted ultimate upper incipient lethal temperature for these trout was 20.9°C. Peak growth, as estimated by regression analysis, occurred at 13.2°C (95% confidence interval, 10.9–15.4°C). Feed consumption declined significantly (P < 0.001) at temperatures greater than 16°C, and fish held at temperatures of 22°C and above did not feed. Feed, lipid, and protein efficiencies were similar at 8–18°C but declined significantly (P < 0.001) at 20°C. Our results corroborate field inves...
Research Implementation and Information Dissemination

The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) has a strong and successful research program. One of its key features is an emphasis on ensuring that innovative products developed during research are effectively implemented in the field. Implementation efforts succeed for several reasons: (a) the involvement of all levels of TxDOT staff in research and implementation, including each of TxDOT's 25 district engineers and technical division directors; (b) the use of implementation programs specifically designed to bring new products into actual use; (c) the use of senior-level program coordinators who accept responsibility for a project and champion its implementation; (d) the use of regularly distributed project summary reports that track a project from inception through development and implementation; (e) the dissemination of a special annual report that showcases the year's top innovations; and (f) dedicated funding being secured specifically for implementation projects. In 2002, TxDOT conducted an analysi...
Childhood osteomyelitis and septic arthritis

The diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of septic arthritis or osteomyelitis in children has become more streamlined in recent years. C-reactive protein appears to be a better laboratory study than sedimentation rate in the diagnosis of bone or joint infection and in monitoring a patient's clinical response to antibiotics. Oral antibiotics may be rapidly substituted for intravenous antibiotics in patients who have a identifiable sensitive organism, who show rapid clinical improvement, and who show rapid normalization of C-reactive protein. The physician must remain alert for resistant organisms, highly virulent organisms (post-varicella streptococcal infections) and rare organisms.
Mitochondrial DNA mutations in oxyphilic and chief cell parathyroid adenomas

The potential pathogenetic significance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in tumorigenesis is controversial. We hypothesized that benign tumorigenesis of a slowly replicating tissue like the human parathyroid might constitute an especially fertile ground on which a selective advantage conferred by mtDNA mutation could be manifested and might contribute to the oxyphilic phenotype observed in a subset of parathyroid tumors. We sought acquired mitochondrial DNA mutations by sequencing the entire 16.6 kb mitochondrial genome of each of thirty sporadic parathyroid adenomas (18 chief cell and 12 oxyphil cell), eight independent, polyclonal, parathyroid primary chief cell hyperplasias plus corresponding normal control samples, five normal parathyroid glands, and one normal thyroid gland. Twenty-seven somatic mutations were identified in 15 of 30 (9 of 12 oxyphil adenomas, 6 of 18 chief cell) parathyroid adenomas studied. No somatic mutations were observed in the hyperplastic parathyroid glands. Features of the somatic mutations suggest that they may confer a selective advantage and contribute to the molecular pathogenesis of parathyroid adenomas. Importantly, the statistically significant differences in mutation prevalence in oxyphil vs. chief cell adenomas also suggest that mtDNA mutations may contribute to the oxyphil phenotype.
Bulk undercooling, nucleation, and macrosegregation of Pb-Sn alloys

Preliminary ground-based studies on the undercooling behavior of large samples (23 g) of lead-tin alloys are presented. Evidence of gravity-related segregation effects is found, and a possible area for future microgravity experimentation is thus identified. Detailed descriptions of the experimental procedure used to achieve bulk undercoolings of between 0.5 and 34 K, depending on composition, are given. The bulk undercoolings obtained in this study are comparable with those found in small droplets. The large size of the present samples enabled the observation of sedimentation and other macrosegregation processes.
Trapped by Typology in Nathaniel Hawthorne's THE HOUSE OF THE SEVEN GABLES

It is perhaps impossible to critically discuss Nathaniel Hawthorne's The House of the Seven Gables without addressing its bewildering ending. Keiko Arai argues that “the ending, limited as it seems...
Putting “Rural” Into Psychiatry Residency Training Programs

Objective Evidence indicates disparities in the number of psychiatrists practicing in rural America compared to urban areas suggesting the need for a greater emphasis on rural psychiatry in residency training programs. The authors offer suggestions for integrating a rural focus in psychiatry residency training to foster greater competency and interest in rural psychiatry.
Avian Germplasm Preservation: Embryonic Stem Cells or Primordial Germ Cells?

Presently, avian genetic resources are best maintained as living collections of birds. Unfortunately, these stocks have been under constant pressure to be destroyed because of the decline in the number of Poultry Science Departments and pressures to cut costs at land grant institutions. Cryopreservation of semen is often suggested as a means to bank avian germplasm. However, this is only applicable for single-gene traits and does not allow for full reconstitution of the genetics of the original line. Over the last 15 yr, advances in the manipulation of the early chick embryo, manipulation of primordial germ cells (PGC), and the culture of embryonic stem cells (ESC) suggests that cryopreservation of blastodermal cells, ESC, or PGC might offer a means to preserve the entire genome of highly selected, specialized stocks of poultry. Freezing each of these cell types is possible with varying degrees of efficiency. Similarly, the effectiveness of generating germ line chimeras using blastodermal cells, ESC, or PGC also varies greatly. Other factors that must be considered include the choice of the recipient lines to develop the germ line chimeras and the number of individuals needed to reconstitute the line. Finally, the low efficiency rate of reconstitution and the high cost associated with current technologies makes these approaches prohibitive. Significant challenges remain to be overcome before the entire genome of poultry stocks can be routinely cryoperserved and reconstituted.
The eclipsing AM Herculis variable H1907 + 690

The discovery is reported of an eclipsing cataclysmic variable that exhibits up to 10 percent circular polarization at optical wavelengths, securing its classification as an AM Herculis type binary. The object, H1907 + 609, was located with the guidance of X-ray positions from the HEAO 1 survey. Optical CCD photometry exhibits deep eclipses, from which is derived a precise orbital period of 1.743750 hr. The eclipse duration suggests an inclination angle about 80 deg for a main-sequence secondary star. The optical flux has been persistently faint during observations spanning 1987-1990, while the X-ray measurements suggest long-term X-ray variability. The polarization and photometric light curves can be interpreted with a geometric model in which most of the accretion is directed toward a single magnetic pole, with an accretion spot displaced about 17 deg in longitude from the projection of the secondary star on the white dwarf surface.
Funerary artifacts in contemporary america

Abstract As with people of the distant past, contemporary Americans inter funerary remains or “grave goods” with their dead. The analysis of contemporary artifact interment in the United States is an initial focus of this study. Survey data gathered from 22 morticians in seven states have been used to explain modern funerary trends and motives of the bereaved. A second and more sensitive questionnaire was distributed by morticians to individuals who had placed artifacts in a relative's burial. Their responses give direct personal insights from which scholars may gain an understanding of the importance of grave goods to those who bury them with their dead.
ASHP Research and Education Foundation’s Antithrombotic Pharmacotherapy Traineeship: A trainee’s view

Q: Why would a pharmacist apply for and participate in the ASHP Research and Education Foundation’s Antithrombotic Pharmacotherapy Traineeship? A: With the initiation of the Joint Commission’s 2008 National Patient Safety Goal 3E for hospital programs, which requires hospitals to “reduce the
Isoenzymes of malate dehydrogenase and their regulation in Euglena gracilis Z

Abstract The malate dehydrogenase ( l -malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.37) isoenzymes of Euglena gracilis Z occur in two groups, an anodally migrating cluster of three cytoplasmic soluble malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes, which probably occur in the cytosol, and a cathodally migrating group of two particulate isoenzymes which exist in particulate cell components, probably mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase. Comparisons of some physical and kinetic properties are described. Although the molecular and kinetic properties are similar, the soluble malate dehydrogenase is much less stable than mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase. The latter supports the conclusion that the proteins are different. Cells grown heterotrophically in the dark have approximately three times more soluble malate dehydrogenase than cells grown photoautotrophically, whereas there is no significant difference between mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase quantities. This differential regulation between isoenzymes is found when the activities are measured in terms of dry weight of cells, on a unit soluble protein basis, or per cell. Cells transferred abruptly from autotrophic growth conditions to heterotrophic conditions, or vice versa, showed a lag in initiation of soluble malate dehydrogenase modification which correlates with lag in growth. Modulations of the isoenzyme levels in cells changed from one nutritional mode to another were studied under a variety of conditions. In other experiments, no significant alteration of soluble malate dehydrogenase was observed to occur in the absence of growth; removal of any essential parameter for growth (e.g., CO2, light, glucose) inhibits soluble malate dehydrogenase changes, i.e., greening of etiolated cells in the absence of CO2 does not cause a significant reduction of soluble malate dehydrogenase. Analogues of substrates did not induce the soluble malate dehydrogenase, and the effects of inhibitors upon the enzyme changes was studied with paradoxical results.
Chaotic radar using nonlinear laser dynamics

A novel chaotic radar (CRADAR) system utilizing laser chaos is investigated both numerically and experimentally. Compared with conventional radars, the proposed CRADAR has the advantages of very-high-range resolution, unambiguous correlation profile, possibility of secure detection, low probability of intercept, and high electromagnetic compatibility. Generated by an optically injected semiconductor laser, chaotic waveforms with bandwidths larger than 10 GHz can be readily obtained. In this paper, the time series, the phase portraits, and the power spectra of the chaotic states are presented. The correlation traces between the signal and the reference waveforms are plotted. The peak sidelobe level with different correlation lengths is investigated. The capability of anti-jamming and the performance under additive white Gaussian noise are studied. To show the feasibility of CRADAR, proof-of-concept experiments using a pair of planar antennas with a 1.5-GHz bandwidth covering the range from 1.5 to 3 GHz are demonstrated. A range resolution of 9 cm is achieved, which is currently limited not by the bandwidth of the chaotic states but by the detection bandwidths of the real-time oscilloscope and the antennas used.
Ruminal Bypass of Drinking Water in Lactating Cows

Drinking water that does not equilibrate with ruminal fluid, i.e., bypasses the rumen, was studied qualitatively and quantitatively in eight rumen-fistulated lactating Holstein cows. Decreased temperatures in the sulcus omasi and abomasum shortly after initiation of drinking indicated that water had bypassed the rumen. Recovery of a water-soluble marker, included in drinking water offered after water was withheld for 4.5 or 9 h following feeding, was used to estimate ruminal bypass. For respective treatments, 18 and 5% of drinking water was calculated to have bypassed the rumen. Ruminal bypass in lactating cows drinking relatively large amounts of water could affect comparisons of water intake with total ruminal fluid outflow as measured by dilution of a water-soluble marker. Drinking water should not be assumed to equilibrate with ruminal fluid.
Theory of a chiral Fermi liquid: General formalism

We extend the Fermi-liquid (FL) theory to include spin-orbit (SO) splitting of the energy bands, focusing on the Rashba SO coupling as an example. We construct the phenomenological Landau interaction function for such a system using the symmetry arguments and verify this construction by an explicit perturbative calculation. The Landau function is used to obtain the effective mass, compressibility, and stability conditions of the FL. It is shown that although the charge-sector properties, such as the effective mass and compressibility, are determined solely by well-defined quasiparticles, the spin-sector properties, such as the spin susceptibility, contain a contribution from damped states between the spin-split Fermi surfaces and thus cannot be fully described by the FL theory, except for the case of weak SO coupling. We derive some specific properties of a chiral FL and show, in particular, that for contact interaction spin-splitting of the Fermi velocities of Rashba subbands occurs because of the Kohn anomaly, also modified by SO coupling.
Safety of Transvenous Atrial Defibrillation Studies in the Canine Sterile Pericarditis Model

Background It is recognized that a ventricular vulnerability period exists during which atrial shock delivery may induce a ventricular tachyarrhythmia. This study was designed to define the zone in which the ventricles are vulnerable to induction of ventricular tachyarrhythmia during delivery of atrial shocks in the sterile pericarditis canine model of atrial fibrillation. Methods and Results Two days after creation of sterile pericarditis, 24 dogs underwent either a four-part or five-part ventricular vulnerability protocol during which atrial shocks were delivered between transvenous catheters, one in the distal coronary sinus and one in the right atrial appendage. The protocol included part 1, shocks during induced atrial fibrillation; parts 2 through 4, shocks delivered synchronously with the last ventricular beat of one of the following three ventricular pacing protocols: constant ventricular rates (S1S1), short-long-short cycles (S1S2S3-V), and ventricular premature beats (S1); and part 5, shocks delivered synchronously with the last R wave resulting from an atrially paced short-long-short cycle (S1S2S3-A). Ventricular tachyarrhythmia was induced 122 times: 2 of 665 shocks in two dogs in part 1, 29 of 786 shocks in nine dogs in part 2, 67 of 734 shocks in 15 dogs in part 3, 24 of 919 shocks in five dogs in part 4, and none in part 5. All ventricular proarrhythmia resulted from shocks delivered during the T wave of a preceding ventricular beat. No episodes of ventricular tachyarrhythmia were induced by atrial shocks synchronized to R waves with the previous RR at intervals above the QT+60 ms interval (absolute interval >320 ms), with one exception, at the QT+100 ms interval (absolute interval 360 ms). Conclusions With transvenous electrode catheters used to deliver atrial shocks, life-threatening ventricular rhythms were induced but were limited to a specific zone defined by the QT interval.
Dynamic Analysis of Prime Mover Combined Heat and Power Delivery to Chemical Processing

This paper presents a study of the impact of combined heat and power generation from prime mover engines on coupled chemical processes. Medium- and large-bore engines are frequently used in refineries and chemical plants to provide dedicated mechanical power to unit operations. Currently, the prime mover is included in the chemical process design as a single, steady-state power input. This design does not take into account, dynamic engine operation including load changes, start-up, shut-down, and malfunction, all of which have a direct and immediate impact on unit operations. The research team has developed a dynamic model of a “proof of concept” example chemical process in Aspen Custom Modeler to investigate the impact of dynamic operation and integration of a dedicated prime mover unit on an example chemical process.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
The Patterning of Ciliates1

This past-presidential address considers the relationship between small-scale assembly and large-scale patterning in ciliates. Certain model examples of assembly-based patterning are reviewed, followed by the introduction of Williams and Honts' concept of "meta-assembly" as applied to the development of the oral apparatus. The major part of this review then explores two topics: the nature and origin of large-scale circumferential order, and the manner by which the large-scale order of cell directions influences the organization of membranelles of the oral apparatus. In this review, I summarize an existing formal description of large-scale positional order, allude to a more precise abstract theoretical model, and end with a brief discussion of the problem of searching for molecular mechanisms.
Oxygen Titration Strategies in Chronic Neonatal Lung Disease

The history of oxygen therapy in neonatology has been littered with error. Controversies remain in a number of areas of oxygen therapy, including targets and strategies in supplemental oxygen therapy in Chronic Neonatal Lung Disease (CNLD). This article reviews some of these controversies, and makes some recommendations based on the available evidence. In graduates of neonatal units who are left with CNLD, oxygen saturation should be kept above 93-95%, with levels below 90% being avoided as far as possible. Titration of oxygen should be done using oximetry recordings which include periods of different activities. Weaning of oxygen supplementation should only be done based on satisfactory recordings during a trial of a lower flow. There is insufficient evidence to say whether weaning for increasing hours a day or stepwise weaning to a continuous lower flow is a better method.
Radiocarbon Measurements and Annual Rings in Cave Formations

THE radiocarbon method has been used to test the hypothesis that the prominent rings found in certain calcite deposits of Moaning Cave in California represent annual growth variations. Carbon-14 an alyses were made on two samples taken, from a presumably active section of travertine covering a human femur (Fig. 1). When discovered in 1951, the specimen had 1,206 identifiable rings with an estimated 200 additional rings obscured1. Thus, if these rings formed annually and without interruption the bone at the centre became the nucleus of the cave formation about 1,400 years ago.
Elementary science teacher education: Seven exemplars

ington, DC. Stevenson, H. W., Lee, S. Y., & Stigler, J.W. (1986). Mathematics achievement of Chinese, Japanese, and American children. Science, 231,693-699. Weiss, I.R. (1978). Final report: Report of the 1977 national survey of science, mathematics, and social studies education. Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute. Weiss, I. R. (1987). Report of the 1985-86 national survey of science and mathematics education. Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute. Willoughby, S. S. (1986, March). Master teacher certification. Mathematics Teacher, 79, 160-161. Woellner, E .H. (1983). Requirements for certification [of] teachers, counselors, librarians, admhffstrators for elementary schools, secondary schools,junior colleges, FortyEighth edition, 1983-84. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.