cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Robust growth mixture models with non-ignorable missingness: Models, estimation, selection, and application

Challenges in the analyses of growth mixture models include missing data, outliers, estimation, and model selection. Four non-ignorable missingness models to recover the information due to missing data, and three robust models to reduce the effect of non-normality are proposed. A full Bayesian method is implemented by means of data augmentation algorithm and Gibbs sampling procedure. Model selection criteria are also proposed in the Bayesian context. Simulation studies are then conducted to evaluate the performances of the models, the Bayesian estimation method, and selection criteria under different situations. The application of the models is demonstrated through the analysis of education data on children's mathematical ability development. The models can be widely applied to longitudinal analyses in medical, psychological, educational, and social research. Four non-ignorable missingness models are proposed.Three robust models to deal with outliers are proposed.A full Bayesian method is implemented.Model selection criteria are proposed in a Bayesian context.Three simulation studies and one real data case study are conducted.
A Low Noise Pwc Cathode Readout System

A system has been developed, primarily to detect the induced charge deposited on PWC cathodes, which is versatile, fast and has a good signal to noise ratio for signals of ? 10-14 Coulomb input. The amplifier system, which is completely separated from the detector by 95? coaxial cables, is followed by a new charge integrating, version of the SHAM/BADC system developed at SLAC. This SHAM IV system is CAMAC based, allowing for computer calibration of the entire system from amplifier through ADC.
Viroporin potential of the lentivirus lytic peptide (LLP) domains of the HIV-1 gp41 protein.

Mechanisms by which HIV-1 mediates reductions in CD4+ cell levels in infected persons are being intensely investigated, and have broad implications for AIDS drug and vaccine development. Virally induced changes in membrane ionic permeability induced by lytic viruses of many families contribute to cytopathogenesis. HIV-1 induces disturbances in plasma membrane ion transport. The carboxyl terminus of TM (gp41) contains potential amphipathic α-helical motifs identified through their structural similarities to naturally occurring cytolytic peptides. These sequences have been dubbed lentiviral lytic peptides (LLP) -1, -2, and -3. Peptides corresponding to the LLP domains (from a clade B virus) partition into lipid membranes, fold into α-helices and disrupt model membrane permeability. A peptide corresponding to the LLP-1 domain of a clade D HIV-1 virus, LLP-1D displayed similar activity to the LLP-1 domain of the clade B virus in all assays, despite a lack of amino acid sequence identity. These results suggest that the C-terminal domains of HIV-1 Env proteins may form an ion channel, or viroporin. Increased understanding of the function of LLP domains and their role in the viral replication cycle could allow for the development of novel HIV drugs.
A team centered grading system based primarily on the team's performance

One of the current expectations of industry requires universities to provide technically competent engineering professionals capable of immediate assimilation into a team-based working environment. The only practical means of affording students a team-based learning experience involves having students function as a team member in a course(s) taken during their college experience. One of the major challenges of using student teams focuses on providing the student team with some definite "reward" for their collective performance while ensuring the integrity of individual learning. Without a grading component serving as a team "reward", little incentive exists for students to participate fully and learn the underlying concepts, skills and synergistic potential associated with being a member of a high performance team. This paper presents a method for course grading based primarily on the student team's performance. It resulted from numerous attempts to have students accept "ownership" for developing the method of determining the course grade because a basic principle of the team concept is to create a sense of job ownership. The paper explains how each team member's individual performance is integrated with the team's performance to produce the final course grade. The final course grade received by the student is weighted so approximately two-thirds of it results from the team's effort with the remainder derived solely from the student's individual performance.
Interconnection structures for highly parallel systems

The interconnection network design space and directions of its potential evolution are discussed. Communications within highly-parallel systems can be classified in two categories: input/output (I/O)-related communications which involve the transfer of large blocks of data and take place across the memory hierarchy of the system; and communications which typically involve the transfer of small units of information needed for process execution. These two types of communication have distinctly different transfer characteristics, the former requiring primarily high-throughput while the latter very low latency. As the capabilities of processors increase, the system communication requirements become more stringent. The author examines interconnection network structures and trends in underlying network implementation technologies that are needed to meet this challenge. >
Impact of Total Area of Left Atrial Complex Fractionated Electrograms on Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation

Background: It was reported that ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAE) added to pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) was effective in some patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it has been unclear the impact of total area of CFAE on catheter ablation in these patients. Methods: Consecutive 29 patients (paroxysmal (PAF): n=17, persistent (PerAF): n=12) who underwent catheter ablation of AF were studied. Left atrial mapping was performed by electroanatomical mapping system during ongoing AF. 98±15 points per patients were determined to CFAE by automated software. The points with an Average Complex Interval (ACI) <75 ms were considered as highly frequent CFAE (HF-CFAE). Total area of HF-CFAE was measured in the LA. After the mapping, PVI was performed in all the patients, except one patient who developed cardiac tamponade during the mapping. Additional ablation was performed if AF was not terminated after PVI. Results: Total area of HF-CFAE was significantly smaller in PAF than PerAF (18.1±8.5 cm2 versus 44.2±31.5 cm2, p=0.003). AF termination was observed more frequently in PAF (93.7% vesus 33.5%, p=0.0007). There was significant difference of HF-CFAE area between patients with AF termination by catheter ablation and patients who required electrical cardioversion (20.8±11.29 cm2 versus 47.8±35.0 cm2, p=0.0047). Conclusions: PerAF had significantly larger HF-CFAE area than PAF. AF termination by catheter ablation was associated with total area of HF-CFAE in the LA.
Validity Analyses for the School Attitude Measures at Three Grade Levels

Concurrent validity studies are reported for the School Attitude Measures (SAM), a recently developed school affective assessment procedure. The SAM has five subscales (School Motivation, Academic ...
The Laboratory Test Handbook with Key Word Index, 4th ed. David S. Jacobs, Wayne R. DeMott, Harold J. Grady, Rebecca T. Horvat, Douglas W. Huestis, and Bernard L. Kasten, Jr., eds. Hudson, OH: Lexi-Comp, 1996, 823 pp., $54.75. ISBN 0-916589-36-6.

This comprehensive handbook is a valuable addition to the reference library of today’s clinical laboratorian, physician, or other healthcare worker. This enlarged edition is updated and expanded from the 1994 edition. Although written by 27 contributors from all areas of laboratory medicine, each section is similarly formatted, which contributes to value and ease of use. The book begins with a general overview of selected topics. The first section includes a discussion of the factors affecting laboratory values, normal ranges, and a review of statistics. The second section focuses on the regulations, hazard communication, and record-keeping involved in …
First Report of Powdery Mildew on Dipsacus sylvestris Caused by Sphaerotheca dipsacearum in North America

Common teasel (Dipsacus sylvestris) is a European species introduced into North America, and is now widely established and regarded as a noxious weed. In October 2005, a powdery mildew was observed on D. sylvestris in two locations in Pullman, Whitman Co., WA. Examination of diseased material confirmed that the causal agent was S. dipsacearum. This report provides the first documentation of S. dipsacearum on D. sylvestris in North America.
Inverse Kinematics of Concentric Tube Steerable Needles

Prior papers have introduced steerable needles composed of precurved concentric tubes. The curvature and extent of these needles can be controlled by the relative rotation and translation of the individual tubes. Under certain assumptions on the geometry and design of these needles, the forward kinematics problem can be solved in closed form by means of algebraic equations. The inverse kinematics problem, however, is not as straightforward owing to the nonlinear map between relative tube displacements and needle tip configuration as well as to the multiplicity of solutions as the number of tubes increases. This paper presents a general approach to solving the inverse kinematics problem using a pseudoinverse solution together with gradients of nullspace potential functions to enforce geometric and mechanical constraints.
Phase I study of tanespimycin in combination with bortezomib in patients with advanced solid malignancies

Purpose To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and characterize the dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) of tanespimycin when given in combination with bortezomib. Experimental design Phase I dose-escalating trial using a standard cohort “3+3” design performed in patients with advanced solid tumors. Patients were given tanespimycin and bortezomib twice weekly for 2 weeks in a 3 week cycle (days 1, 4, 8, 11 every 21 days). Results Seventeen patients were enrolled in this study, fifteen were evaluable for toxicity, and nine patients were evaluable for tumor response. The MTD was 250 mg/m2 of tanespimycin and 1.0 mg/m2 of bortezomib when used in combination. DLTs of abdominal pain (13 %), complete atrioventricular block (7 %), fatigue (7 %), encephalopathy (7 %), anorexia (7 %), hyponatremia (7 %), hypoxia (7 %), and acidosis (7 %) were observed. There were no objective responses. One patient had stable disease. Conclusions The recommended phase II dose for twice weekly 17-AAG and PS341 are 250 mg/m2 and 1.0 mg/m2, respectively, on days 1, 4, 8 and 11 of a 21 day cycle.
An Electrocardiogram Triad in Thyrotoxic Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis

A 37-year-old Asian man presented to the emergency department with acute onset of bilateral lower-extremity weakness. Physical examination was notable for marked reduction in proximal muscle strength, with decreased deep tendon reflexes. Initial laboratory tests showed a potassium level of 1.3 mEq/L (normal range, 3.7 to 5.2 mEq/L), thyroid-stimulating hormone level <0.03 μIU/mL (normal range, 0.4 to 5.0 μIU/mL), total thyroxine of 21.8 μg/dL (normal range, 4.8 to 10.8 μg/dL), and free thyroxine level of 5.7 ng/dL (normal range, 0.8 to 1.8 ng/dL). The 12-lead ECG taken immediately after presentation was notable for sinus tachycardia, first-degree atrioventricular conduction delay, ST depressions, and prolonged T/U segments (Figure 1). Figure 1. Twelve-lead ECG shows …
A new technique for simulating rocket engine flow for study of base heating problems.

Short duration technique providing simulation of thermodynamic properties and composition of exhaust products of liquid and solid propellant rocket engines
Fundamentals of the static granular bed reactor

The static granular bed reactor (SGBR) has been shown to be a highly efficient anaerobic system. High organic removal, low effluent suspended solids (TSS), and high methane content in the off gas were consistently obtained with all SGBRs operated. Two SGBRs treating non-fat dry milk, or synthetic wastewater, were operated continuously for more than four years at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) ranging from 36 h to 4 h, equivalent to over three solids retention time (SRT) periods. During the four years, effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations were less than 50 mg/L and TSS concentrations were less than 30 mg/L under most conditions. Because of the exceptional performance when the SGBR treated synthetic wastewater, the performance was examined under more stressful operating situations. SGBR performance was evaluated while treating wastewater with high sulfate concentrations, during HRT transitions, and at fractional bed volumes. In stressed circumstances, the SGBR continued to operate efficiently. The addition of sulfate had little effect on the SGBR system, and the overall COD removal was greater than 90% and effluent TSS concentrations were less than 70 mg/L. During HRT transition, the SGBR was relatively unaffected immediately after the HRT was changed from 36 h to 5 h. A slight decrease in COD and TSS removal was observed during the first 12 hours after the HRT change, but operation returned to greater than 90% COD removal in about 24 hours. The SRT of the SGBR appears to be relatively unaffected by changes in HRT. The SGBR also showed outstanding organic removal when operated at a fraction of the design bed volume. Four SGBRs were operated at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the
Control Yourself: A Mixed-Reality Natural User Interface

Control Yourself is a natural user interaction system with a camera and depth sensor, a processor and a display. The user’s image is separated from the background of a camera’s output and rendered in the program in real-time. The result is that a display shows a video of a person inside the application. The software also recognizes various types of movement such as gestures, changing positions, moving in frame and multiplayer interaction. The technology utilizes the obtained gestures and movements for GUI transformations and creation and for positioning the image or mesh of a user with the background removed. Users of the system can manipulate virtual objects and various features of the program by using gestures and movements while seeing themselves as if they were viewing a mirror with an augmented reality around them. This approach allows users to interact with software by natural movements via intuitive gestures.
Room Temperature Upconversion Spectral Studies of CsCdBr 3 :Er

The present study addresses the possibility of laser operation at higher temperatures by selection of host crystal systems that offer unique properties.
Do accountable care organizations (ACOs) help or hinder primary care physicians' ability to deliver high-quality care?

Abstract Background Many view advanced primary care models such as the patient-centered medical home as foundational for accountable care organizations (ACOs), but it remains unclear how these two delivery reforms are complementary and how they may produce conflict. The objective of this study was to identify how joining an ACO could help or hinder a primary care practice's efforts to deliver high-quality care. Methods This qualitative study involved interviews with a purposive sample of 32 early adopters of advanced primary care and/or ACO models, drawn from across the U.S. and conducted in mid-2014. Interview notes were coded using qualitative data analysis software, permitting topic-specific queries which were then summarized. Results Respondents perceived many potential benefits of joining an ACO, including care coordination staff, data analytics, and improved communication with other providers. However, respondents were also concerned about added “bureaucratic” requirements, referral restrictions, and a potential inability to recoup investments in practice improvements. Conclusions Interviewees generally thought joining an ACO could complement a practice’s efforts to deliver high-quality care, yet noted some concerns that could undermine these synergies. Both the advantages and disadvantages of joining an ACO seemed exacerbated for small practices, since they are most likely to benefit from additional resources yet are most likely to chafe under added bureaucratic requirements. Implications Our identification of the potential pros and cons of joining an ACO may help providers identify areas to examine when weighing whether to enter into such an arrangement, and may help ACOs identify potential areas for improvement.
Pigmented nodular synovitis: report of 11 lesions in non-articular locations.

Eleven cases of pigmented nodular synovitis occurring in non-articular sites proximal to the wrists and ankles were seen in consultation over a 10-yr. period. The lesions ranged from 1.5 to 14 cm. in greatest dimension, with various degrees of encapsulation. Histologically there was a striking similarity to the familiar pigmented villonodular tenosynovitis of the fingers. It is important to differentiate proximal pigmented nodular synovitis from sarcoma to avoid unnecessary surgery.
Oscillating Heat Pipes for Waste Heat Recovery in HVAC Systems

Oscillating heat pipes (OHPs) were experimentally assessed as a passive-type heat transfer device for air-to-air heat exchange in a typical Heating Ventilation & Air conditioning system (HVAC) with adjacent air streams at different temperatures. The objective is to utilize, otherwise wasted thermal energy to pre-heat or pre-cool air in order to reduce the payload on HVAC systems, thus reducing energy consumption. OHPs can achieve effective thermal conductivities on-the-order of 10,000 W/m-K via no internal wicking structure and hence can perform aforementioned heat transfer task while providing an aerodynamic form factor. A unique working fluid with limited research inside OHPs, but with properties desirable for low grade heat fluxes, i.e. n-pentane with 70 % fill ratio, was chosen as the working fluid to achieve maximum heat transfer. Aerodynamic performance, in terms of pressure drop, was evaluated and juxtaposed with heat transfer gain/loss. The OHP thermal performance and total heat transfer for hot-environment HVAC operation was benchmarked with an empty/evacuated OHP with same overall dimensions. Results indicate that the current, atypically-long OHP is fully-capable of operating in the air-to-air convection mode for waste heat recovery for typical HVAC operating conditions. Since the OHP is passive, cost effective, and relatively aerodynamic (no fins were used), the potential cost savings for its integration into HVAC systems can be significant.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Experimental Study on the SO_2 Emission of Volatile and Char During the Isothermal Combustion of Pulverized Coal

By means of a self-designed SO_2 measure system,the emission characteristics of SO_2 in the two stages of devolatilization and char combustion were investigated via isothermal combustion of pulverized coal and char and considering the influence of temperature,coal quality and oxygen concentration on SO_2 emission.The results indicated that there were a quick emission of volatile SO_2 and a slow emission of char SO_2,and the emissions of volatile SO_2 and char SO_2 were simultaneous at some time.With the rise of temperature,the emission rates of char SO_2 increased significantly,however not remarkably for the volatile SO_2.There were distinctly differences of sulfur conversion between different kinds of coal.Low-rank coals have a low conversion of volatile sulfur,and the conversions of char sulfur of Tashan coal and Yinni coal were lower than that of Yangquan coal,significantly.With the increase of O_2 concentration,the emission rates of volatile SO_2 and char SO_2 increased,and the conversions of volatile SO2 and char SO_2 raised,too.And the emission of volatile SO_2 was more sensitive to the change of O_2 concentration.
Cryoprecipitate and Related Products

Publisher Summary Cryoprecipitate is the insoluble cold precipitate formed when fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is thawed between 1 and 6°C. The recovered precipitate is then refrozen in 10–15 ml of plasma within 1 hour of separation and stored at –18°C or colder for a maximum of 1 year. Each bag of cryoprecipitate contains between 150 and 250 mg of fibrinogen, 30–60 mg of fibronectin, and 80–120 units of factor VIII. In addition, cryoprecipitate also contains approximately 40–70% of the original von Willebrand factor and approximately 30% of the initial concentration of factor XIII. To ensure quality, assays to determine FVIII:C activity and fibrinogen content are performed on selected cryoprecipitate units by the collection facility. Because cryoprecipitate is packaged in small volumes of plasma, it may contain small amounts of anti-A and anti-B antibodies. While an ABO-compatible product is preferred, especially for pediatric patients with small blood volumes, compatibility testing is not required prior to its use. Cryoprecipitate is stored frozen and several units must be pooled prior to each use to obtain an adequate single dose—approximately 20–30 minutes must be allowed for thawing and pooling of the product. The dose of cryoprecipitate to be administered is ideally based on the level of the specific factor that needs to be repleted and the desired factor incremental increase. In general, this blood product is used to treat bleeding conditions associated with deficiencies in fibrinogen or factor XIII. Occasionally, it may be used to treat bleeding related to von Willebrand's disease and mild forms of hemophilia A, though factor VIII concentrates are recommended.
Sensitivity study for accident tolerant fuels: Property comparisons and behavior simulations in a simplified PWR to enable ATF development and design

Abstract Since the events at the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power plant, there has been increased interest in developing fuels to better withstand accidents for current light water reactors. Four accident tolerant fuel candidates are uranium oxide with beryllium oxide additives, uranium oxide with silicon carbide matrix additives, uranium nitride, and uranium nitride with uranium silicide composite. The first two candidates represent near-term high performance uranium oxide with high thermal conductivity and neutron transparency, and the second two represent mid-term high-density fuels with highly beneficial thermal properties. This study seeks to understand the benefits and drawbacks of each option in place of uranium dioxide. To assess the material properties for each of the fuel types, an extensive literature review was performed for material property data. Correlations were then made to evaluate the properties during reactor operation. Neutronics and thermal hydraulics studies were also completed to determine the impact of the use of each candidate in an AP1000 reactor. In most cases, the candidate fuels performed more desirably than uranium dioxide, but no fuel type performed better in all aspects. Much more research needs to be performed to build a complete model of the fuel performances, primarily experimental data for uranium silicide. Each of the fuels studied has its own benefits and drawbacks, and the comparisons discussed in this report can be used to aid in determining the most appropriate fuel depending on the desired specifications.
The Systematic Misuse of Science

This chapter provides information useful for effectively confronting the negative stereotypes within the halls of higher education that distribute assertions of inadequacy and also declarations of entitlement. The ultimate goal is to shed light on this climate, the infrastructure that currently exists, and to ultimately show that this infrastructure is a major contributor to the lack of participation by African Americans in scientific fields. This chapter traces historically the idea of perceived racial inferiority in regard to African Americans and how that label has inhibited the full participation or inclusion of African Americans in science and other human endeavors. This chapter focuses on the historical and political underpinnings of the misuse of science and how that misuse has influenced modern conceptions of African Americans, specifically, the discriminatory ideologies that framed science in regard to African Americans, the conceptions that resulted from these foundational ideologies, and the subtleties embedded within the present infrastructure of society that are the residuals of these ideologies.
Colorectal Surgery in Cirrhotics

Colorectal surgery in the presence of cirrhosis is associated with overall mortality rates exceeding 20%, which vary proportionally to the severity of cirrhosis. In this respect, Child–Turcotte–Pugh and Model of End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores are useful to anticipate perioperative mortality and for patient counseling. Preoperative placement of a transjugular portosystemic shunt may have a role in decreasing perioperative risk in case of portal hypertension, beside medical management. Inflammatory bowel disease associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis can be optimally managed with liver transplant and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, in no specific order or combination, and depending on the specific severity of the two conditions. The alternative creation of an end ileostomy in this patient population is associated with the risk of developing stomal varices, which can be treated by a variety of local and major operative procedures. Optimal management of stoma varices revolves on the definitive treatment of the associated portal hypertension. The severity of cirrhosis in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer is a more important determinant of overall survival than tumor staging.
Surface Damage Induced by Dry Etching

As the size of electrical and optical devices is scaled to ever smaller dimensions, the surface condition of the devices affects the performance more dramatically. Dry etching is often used for pattern transfer for high performance devices with submicrometer dimensions. Dry etching is needed to control the directionality of the etch profile for small features. Besides vertical profile, low damage and high etch rate are also important to maintain high device performance and high throughput. Dry-etching processes, with energetic particles bombarding the samples, can induce defects in the materials that degrade device properties [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]. The defects generated by dry etching often are much deeper than the ion penetration range and they make damage removal difficult [14,15].
The hidden appeal and aversion to political conspiracies as revealed in the response dynamics of partisans

Abstract In this study, we used a mouse-tracking paradigm to capture subtle processing dynamics that may occur when people spontaneously endorse or disavow political conspiracies. Rather than exclusively focus on explicit, endpoint responses, we examined the underlying temptation to respond opposite of what is overtly reported. Our results revealed such tendencies in participants' arm movements as they provided “true” or “false” answers to political conspiracy statements relative to baseline statements. These effects were strongly modulated by whether participants identified with the Republican or Democratic parties. To interpret our findings, we argue that political conspiracies tap into hidden biases that may be at odds with each other, such that, even for nonbelievers of a particular conspiracy, there is an implicit appeal for ideologically-aligned conspiracies driven by motivated reasoning biases, and for believers, an implicit aversion to the same conspiracies driven by accuracy and self-presentation needs.
On analysis of surface electromyography signal from resting lumbar myofascial tissue

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) often develops in early adulthood with progressive reduced spine mobility. Myofascial stiffness or tone is the stiffness of resting muscle and its alterations may be associated with low back disorders. In our research, the passive resting stiffness of lower lumbar extensor myofascia in young subjects has been quantified concurrently with surface electromyography (sEMG). Our hypothesis is that greater lumbar myofascial stiffness in AS vs normal subjects is an intrinsic myofascial property and analyses of sEMG will help in determining its potential relations to variations in resting muscle tone. The focus of this study is to use a differential amplifier to amplify the sEMG signal and use Myoscan sensor to collect data, then apply signal processing algorithms for time-frequency analysis. Such quantitative studies may help identify AS disease in the earliest stage and enhance the clinical evaluation of this disease.
Sensitivity of NEON's airborne remote sensing instrumentation to cloud and illumination conditions

The National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) remote sensing component is tasked with collecting high resolution imaging spectrometer data, discrete and waveform lidar data, and high-resolution digital camera data of the NEON sites at or near peak greenness. Due to the passive nature of the utilized imaging spectrometer and digital camera, it is of paramount important to collect the desired remote sensing data under optimal weather conditions. To better understand the impact of sub-optimal weather on the derived data products, a series of test flights were conducted over a well-characterized test site near Boulder, Colorado under a variety of solar illumination geometries and cloud loading. The airborne data was processed through the nominal NEON workflow and compared to in-situ data collected of various reflectance targets. The results and challenges in comparison of the results are discussed.
Modified microassay for the isolation of antimicrobial-producing, spore-forming and nonspore-forming bacteria.

AIMS To develop a microassay method to detect antimicrobials produced by spore-forming bacteria, thus speeding up the discovery of new antimicrobials. METHODS AND RESULTS Environmental isolates were grown in 96-well plates, to allow production of antimicrobial agents, then treated with lysozyme and heated sequentially. Lysozyme heat treatment inhibited or prevented spore-to-cell transformation, thus eliminating interference from spore outgrowth while detecting antimicrobials by indicator bacteria. Supplementation of the indicator strain medium with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, as a vital stain, made it easy to rapidly differentiate between antimicrobial-deficient (indicator growth) and antimicrobial-containing (no growth) wells. The method was used to rapidly screen 657 bacteria isolated from eight soil samples. Results revealed 46 Bacillus sp. producing antimicrobials against Listeria sp., and a Bacillus sp. producing antimicrobial(s) against Escherichia coli. CONCLUSIONS A microassay method was successfully developed and implemented to screen and detect antimicrobial agents from spore-forming, in addition to nonspore-forming, bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Antimicrobials are needed to combat antibiotic- and preservative-resistant bacteria. Spore-forming bacteria are prolific producers of antimicrobials. This assay will speed the discovery of antimicrobials from spore-forming bacteria; these new antimicrobials are urgently needed in food and medicinal applications.
Misuse of Intellectual Property and Antitrust: A Gradual Reconciliation

For more than half a century, courts have viewed certain uses of intellectual property (IP) as misuse, rendering the IP unenforceable until the misuse is purged. The doctrine began with patents, but courts have recently extended it to copyrights. In most cases, it reflects concern over contractual restraints on competition. Yet if misuse doctrine aimed at competition is not consistent with antitrust principles, it can act at cross purposes to antitrust law. Accordingly, both Congress and the courts have worked to reconcile misuse with antitrust. This paper reviews and analyzes that reconciliation and suggests where further work is needed. It divides misuse doctrine into four general categories: (1) attempts to extend the term of IP protection, (2) tying, (3) mandatory package licensing, and (4) attempts to circumvent intrinsic limitations of copyright. The first category is based largely on the Supreme Court's decision in Brulotte, which has been heavily criticized, makes little economic sense, and appears inconsistent with later decisions. Although still good law, this part of misuse doctrine therefore appears vulnerable to legal challenge. The second category of misuse doctrine is the best justified, because it protects the rights of third parties (those foreclosed from the tied market), who might not be aware of the source of their market foreclosure and who otherwise might not be able to compete. However, in the field of copyright it still requires judicial or legislative reconciliation with antitrust principles, of the sort that Congress provided for patents in 1988. The third category also requires reconciliation with antitrust analysis, which the Federal Circuit began to provide for patents in a 2005 decision. The fourth category of misuse doctrine is perhaps the most inconsistent with antitrust principles; it should be eliminated in favor of more precise analysis, under which offending provisions of copyright license agreements (rather than entire copyrights) might be declared unenforceable as in conflict with federal copyright law (and therefore pre-empted) or as invalid covenants not to compete.
Abstract 4314: Chromatin state alterations during melanoma progression

The extent and nature of epigenomic changes associated with melanoma progression is poorly understood. To determine chromatin state patterns of human metastatic melanomas, we defined epigenome of melanoma by profiling 6 histone modification marks (H3K4me, H3K27Ac, H3K4me3, H3K79me2, H3K27me3 and H3K9me3) in 48 metastatic melanoma tumors, cell lines and short-term cultures. Computation of chromatin states identified specific chromatin state aberrations in human tumors and their relationship with specific genotypes. Specifically, we defined patterns of enhancer elements, broad H3K4me3 domains and bivalent chromatin states enriched in specific genotypes of BRAF, NRAS, and WT groups of melanomas. Importantly, we identified switch from specific bivalent chromatin states in melanocytes to active states leading to upregulation of EMT genes in NRAS mutant melanomas. Similarly, we noted gains of broad H3K4me3 domains in particular classes of oncogenes in specific gentoypes as well as during transitions from melanocytes to melanomas. Finally, we identified clusters of enhancers that are specifically enriched in subset of melanoma samples defining intertumor epigenetic heterogeneity in melanoma tumors. In addition, to investigate chromatin state changes associated with early stages of melanoma progression, we systematically profiled 35 epigenetic modifications in a cell phenotypic model of non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic states (and verified in human nevi and melanoma samples). Specific chromatin state transitions featuring loss of histone acetylations and H3K4me2/3 were observed on specific promoter and enhancer elements targeting cancer-regulatory genes in important melanoma-driving cell signaling pathways. Intriguingly, only a small fraction of chromatin state transitions correlated with expected changes in gene expression patterns. Restoration of acetylation levels on deacetylated loci by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors selectively blocked excessive proliferation in tumorigenic cells and human melanoma cells, suggesting functional roles of observed chromatin state transitions in driving hyperproliferative phenotype. Overall, our study reveals principles of epigenetic reprogramming in melanoma progression stages and how they may establish transcriptional programs that impart aggressive characteristics to melanomas. Citation Format: Kunal Rai, Christopher Terranova, Mayinuer Maitituoheti, Ming Tang, Kadir Akdemir, Elias Orouji, Lynda Chin, Petko Fiziev, Mayura Dhamdhere, Neha S. Samant, Amikhsha Shah, Sneha Sharma, Jason Ernst. Chromatin state alterations during melanoma progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4314.
Improving Medication Understanding and Adherence Using Principles of Memory and Metacognition: In Press - Policy Insights from Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

More than half of older adults regularly take multiple medications. Rates of medication nonadherence are high, which undermines both patients’ health and the economy. Memory and metacognitive facto...
Do You See What I See? Actor and Partner Attachment Shape Biased Perceptions of Partners:

The present research examined how actor and partner attachment insecurity relates to biases in perceptions of partners' core relationship-relevant constructs. Across three dyadic studies ( Ncouples = 333, Nindividuals = 666), we examined attachment anxiety and avoidance as predictors of over- or underestimation of partners' relationship satisfaction, commitment, and responsiveness, using partners' own reports as the reference point for evaluating bias. Actors higher in avoidance and actors with partners higher in avoidance perceived their partners to be less satisfied and committed. In addition, actors higher in avoidance and actors higher in anxiety displayed a pessimistic bias, perceiving their partners to be less satisfied and committed than their partners reported being. Finally, actors with partners higher in avoidance displayed an optimistic bias, perceiving their partners to be more satisfied and committed than their partners reported being. Results underscore the importance of adopting a dyadic perspective on perceptual biases in romantic relationships.
Shaping Induction Machine Rotor Slots for Driving Cycle Loss Reduction

This paper develops an induction machine design methodology to reduce energy consumption during a city driving cycle using steady-state optimal flux. Conventional induction machine design has focused on maximizing steady-state efficiency. Driving cycle loss evaluation using proper control has not been well addressed considering transients. In this paper, the total energy consumption during transients is separated into the accumulated steady-state energy consumption and the energy consumption for rotor flux state (RFS) transients. Parametric analysis of transient and steady-state losses is conducted using a lumped parameter model. An operating point dependent analytical model is developed to achieve desired the torque and stator flux control and is verified by finite element analysis (FEA). Geometric design tradeoffs for the total driving cycle losses, accumulated steady-state losses and increased energy consumption for RFS transients are presented for four key design variables. Design optimization for driving cycle loss reduction is conducted in a full design space.
A Manifesto for Teaching Qualitative Inquiry with/as/for Art, Science, and Philosophy

Our manifesto is an invitation for instructors of qualitative inquiry (QI) to consider how Deleuze and Guattari’s writing on art, science, and philosophy might be a catalyst, an orientation, for pedagogy. In other words, if we teach qualitative inquiry with/as/for art, philosophy, and science, what and where might it get us as instructors, students, the academy? Arting, sciencing, and philosophizing produce new ways of thinking and are the possibilities of how QI could be otherwise—other than a normalized recipe. With these powers of thinking, QI is inventive, art-full, force-full with/in/against the neoliberal, positivist, and normalized ways of doing qualitative research method/ologies. Inspired by posthumanist and feminist ‘new’ materialist theories we intentionally created learning engagements that fostered spaces for students to create and think with theory, data, art supplies, digital tools, and other bodies as a way to produce new ways of thinking/knowing/be(com)ing/doing QI. In our writing, we focus on students’ scientific performances; secretive identities; and their craving-resisting the messiness of becoming qualitative inquirers. How we teach QI to students is the future we will inherit in the academy and the communities we work with as researchers. How are you creating QI pedagogies with your ability(ies) to respond? It is our ethical response-ability to art, to science, to philosophize QI pedagogy with our students.
Reduced safety processing during aversive social conditioning in psychosis and clinical risk

Social impairment occurs across the psychosis spectrum, but its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that reduced differential responses (aversive vs. neutral) in neural circuitry underpinning aversive conditioning of social stimuli characterizes the psychosis spectrum. Participants age 10–30 included a healthy control group (HC, analyzed n = 36) and a psychosis spectrum group (PSY, n = 71), including 49 at clinical risk for psychosis and 22 with a frank psychotic disorder. 3T fMRI utilized a passive aversive conditioning paradigm, with neutral faces as conditioned stimuli (CS) and a scream as the unconditioned stimulus. fMRI conditioning was indexed as the activation difference between aversive and neutral trials. Analysis focused on amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and anterior insula, regions previously implicated in aversive and social-emotional processing. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex activated more to neutral than aversive CS; this “safety effect” was driven by HC and reduced in PSY, and correlated with subjective emotional ratings following conditioning. Insula showed the expected aversive conditioning effect, and although no group differences were found, its activation in PSY correlated with anxiety severity. Unexpectedly, amygdala did not show aversive conditioning; its activation trended greater for neutral than aversive CS, and did not differ significantly based on group or symptom severity. We conclude that abnormalities in social aversive conditioning are present across the psychosis spectrum including clinical risk, linked to a failure of safety processing. Aversive and safety learning provide translational paradigms yielding insight into pathophysiology of psychosis risk, and providing potential targets for therapeutic and preventative interventions.
Placing the Standards

Rural areas in many parts of the U.S. experience population decline from outmigration. Geographic mobility has long been a contributing factor to the social and economic instability of rural communities; high-achieving and ambitious youth are inclined to leave rural areas to take advantage of the expansive economic opportunities and cultural and lifestyle amenities typically found in metropolitan locations. Here I review 20 years of research on rural population loss and migration theory to anticipate how patterns of rural youth mobility might intersect with the Common Core State Standards’ emphasis on preparing high-school students to be career and college ready. Given that the migration decisions of rural youth stem from a complex process that includes a range of social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors, I argue that certain types of rural communities are likely to be more strongly affected by the Common Core as are certain types of rural youth.
Aspects of the Psychiatric Record: A Training Workshop for Residents

Psychiatric recordkeeping today has important clinical, legal, and financial ramifications. Instruction regarding appropriate methods for documenting patient care should, but appears not to, be a part of every psychiatric residency program. This paper describes the replkable resuks of a half-day, mandatory, multiple faculty session for psychiatric residents held in 19S4 at Wright State University on this topic, designed to improve resident skills both in recordkeeping itself and in teaching junior residents and medical students about recordkeeping. The design, implementation, content, and evaluation of the workshop are discussed, and issues raised by this experience are posed.
FLS-Based Collision Avoidance Cyber Physical System for Warehouse Robots using FPGA

The overperforming enormous number of Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) that have been adopted in warehouses recently proved their capabilities of speeding up the parcel exchange process in comparing with human capabilities. In order to increase the overall performance of these AGVs, we introduced an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based processing unit for the purpose of enhancing the collaborative diagnostics and decision making in such applications by exchanging feedback data frames to the center hub. The proposed AI-based controller is based on a multi-core Fuzzy Logic System (FLS) is to differentiate the level of collision probability in a Cyber Physical System (CPS) using asymmetric data bus width architecture. The proposed systolic FLS architecture in this paper has been designed using VHDL to be interfaced with a three TFmini Plus Lidar Sensors and three MaxSonar ultrasonic sensors using the Intel Altera OpenVINO FPGA board. The proposed systolic FLS processing unit achieved a processing computational speed of about 14.36 GOPS at maximum operating frequency of 270.86 MHz while consuming about 58.56 mW as a core dynamic thermal power dissipation and around 28.38 mW as a 1/0 thermal power dissipation.
Single cell resolution landscape of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals diverse immune cell subtypes including T-bet+ B cells

ABSTRACT Traditional laboratory model organisms represent a small fraction of the diversity of multicellular life, and findings in any given experimental model often do not translate to other species. Immunology research in non-traditional model organisms can be advantageous or even necessary (e.g. for host-pathogen interaction studies), but presents multiple challenges, many stemming from an incomplete understanding of potentially species-specific immune cell types, frequencies and phenotypes. Identifying and characterizing immune cells in such organisms is frequently limited by the availability of species-reactive immunophenotyping reagents for flow cytometry, and insufficient prior knowledge of cell type-defining markers. Here, we demonstrate the utility of single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) to characterize immune cells for which traditional experimental tools are limited. Specifically, we used scRNA-Seq to comprehensively define the cellular diversity of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy horses across different breeds, ages, and sexes. We identified 30 cell type clusters partitioned into five major populations: Monocytes/Dendritic Cells, B cells, CD3+PRF1+ lymphocytes, CD3+PRF1- lymphocytes, and Basophils. Comparative analyses revealed many cell populations analogous to human PBMC, including transcriptionally heterogeneous monocytes and distinct dendritic cell subsets (cDC1, cDC2, plasmacytoid DC). Unexpectedly, we found that a majority of the equine peripheral B cell compartment is comprised of T-bet+ B cells; an immune cell subpopulation typically associated with chronic infection and inflammation in human and mouse. Taken together, our results demonstrate the potential of scRNA-Seq for cellular analyses in non-traditional model organisms, and form the basis for an immune cell atlas of horse peripheral blood.
The impact of sexual victimization on substance use disorder treatment completion: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: A significant proportion of individuals seeking treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) have experienced sexual victimization, which has been shown to disrupt the efficacy of SUD t...