cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incremental heating of Bishop Tuff sanidine reveals preeruptive radiogenic Ar and rapid remobilization from cold storage.

Abstract Accurate and precise ages of large silicic eruptions are critical to calibrating the geologic timescale and gauging the tempo of changes in climate, biologic evolution, and magmatic processes throughout Earth history. The conventional approach to dating these eruptive products using the 40Ar/39Ar method is to fuse dozens of individual feldspar crystals. However, dispersion of fusion dates is common and interpretation is complicated by increasingly precise data obtained via multicollector mass spectrometry. Incremental heating of 49 individual Bishop Tuff (BT) sanidine crystals produces 40Ar/39Ar dates with reduced dispersion, yet we find a 16-ky range of plateau dates that is not attributable to excess Ar. We interpret this dispersion to reflect cooling of the magma reservoir margins below ∼475 °C, accumulation of radiogenic Ar, and rapid preeruption remobilization. Accordingly, these data elucidate the recycling of subsolidus material into voluminous rhyolite magma reservoirs and the effect of preeruptive magmatic processes on the 40Ar/39Ar system. The youngest sanidine dates, likely the most representative of the BT eruption age, yield a weighted mean of 764.8 ± 0.3/0.6 ka (2σ analytical/full uncertainty) indicating eruption only ∼7 ky following the Matuyama−Brunhes magnetic polarity reversal. Single-crystal incremental heating provides leverage with which to interpret complex populations of 40Ar/39Ar sanidine and U-Pb zircon dates and a substantially improved capability to resolve the timing and causal relationship of events in the geologic record.
The effect of emotion on articulation rate in persistence and recovery of childhood stuttering.

Abstract Purpose This study investigated the possible association of emotional processes and articulation rate in pre-school age children who stutter and persist (persisting), children who stutter and recover (recovered) and children who do not stutter (nonstuttering). Methods The participants were ten persisting, ten recovered, and ten nonstuttering children between the ages of 3–5 years; who were classified as persisting, recovered, or nonstuttering approximately 2–2.5 years after the experimental testing took place. The children were exposed to three emotionally-arousing video clips (baseline, positive and negative) and produced a narrative based on a text-free storybook following each video clip. From the audio-recordings of these narratives, individual utterances were transcribed and articulation rates were calculated. Results Results indicated that persisting children exhibited significantly slower articulation rates following the negative emotion condition, unlike recovered and nonstuttering children whose articulation rates were not affected by either of the two emotion-inducing conditions. Moreover, all stuttering children displayed faster rates during fluent compared to stuttered speech; however, the recovered children were significantly faster than the persisting children during fluent speech. Conclusion Negative emotion plays a detrimental role on the speech-motor control processes of children who persist, whereas children who eventually recover seem to exhibit a relatively more stable and mature speech-motor system. This suggests that complex interactions between speech-motor and emotional processes are at play in stuttering recovery and persistency; and articulation rates following negative emotion or during stuttered versus fluent speech might be considered as potential factors to prospectively predict persistence and recovery from stuttering.
3-D retina organoids: Building platforms for therapies of the future

Across scientific disciplines, 3-D organoid culture systems offer platforms to integrate basic research findings with clinical care. The National Eye Institute mounted a $1.1 million 3-D Retina Organoid Challenge. Organoids developed through the Challenge will be valuable resources for drug screening, disease modeling, and precision and regenerative medicine.
Point-of-Care Cerebrospinal Fluid Detection.

ObjectiveA cerebrospinal fluid leak is one of the most serious complications in otolaryngology. It may occur as a result of injury to the skull base, typically traumatic or iatrogenic. While the pr...
Does rescue cerclage work

Rescue cervical cerclage (RCC), also known as emergency cerclage, has long been the subject of controversy. Its use in women who have a dilated cervix has been ambivalent. RCC is often considered as a salvage measure for pregnancies which are at a high risk of severe preterm delivery (PTD) or mid-trimester miscarriage. This study aims to examine and assess the efficacy of RCC and its ability to prolong pregnancy until neonatal viability is achieved. The current data suggest that RCC is associated with a longer latency period frequently resulting in better pregnancy outcomes (Namouz S, Porat S, Okun N, Windrim R, Farine D. Emergency cerclage: literature review. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2013;68:379-88). This is supported by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) which states that the insertion of a rescue cerclage may delay delivery by a further 5 weeks on average as compared with expectant management or bed rest alone (Shennan AH. To MS: RCOG Green Top Guidelines: Cervical Cerclage RCOG.2011. Available from: www.rcog.org.uk). It further states that it may be associated with a two-fold reduction in the possibility of delivery before 34 weeks of gestation (Shennan AH. To MS: RCOG Green Top Guidelines: Cervical Cerclage RCOG.2011. Available from: www.rcog.org.uk). Our study reveals that the average insertion to delivery interval at our centre was 71.2 days with a live birth rate of 92.5%. A total of 89.1% of women delivered beyond 24 weeks of gestation.
A Study of Spore Dispersion by use of Silver-Iodide Particles

Silver-iodide particles were used to simulate the movement of white-pine blister-rust spores on a white-pine plantation in northern Idaho where long-distance spread of the disease is suspected. It was hypothesized that cold drainage winds were carrying spores down to a relatively warm lake where convective currents carried the spores aloft. The spores were then distributed over the plantation when a favorable upper-air flow prevailed. Silver-iodide particles were released at the suspected source of infection and traced into the plantation.
Neighbourhood change and the neighbourhood-school gap:

Few studies examine how school and neighbourhood composition in the US correspond over time, particularly in a context of neighbourhood change. As neighbourhoods diversify along racial and economic...
Thermodynamically Controlled Linker Installation inFlexible Zirconium Metal–Organic Frameworks

A series of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) (PCN-606-OH-TPDC, PCN-606-OMe-TPDC, PCN-606-OH-EDDB, and PCN-606-OMe-EDDB) are synthesized through linker installation onto open sites of 8-connected Zr6...
Traumatic injury and access to care in rural areas: leveraging linked data and geographic information systems for planning and advocacy.

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this ecological study was to apply Geographic Information System (GIS) methods to patterns of traumatic injury and access to trauma care to facilitate system planning and advocacy. METHODS Four US state (Colorado) and national data sources were linked to examine county-level disparities. Average ambulance drive times to trauma centers for populated places in each county were estimated and mapped. RESULTS Independent samples t-tests demonstrated Colorado's rural counties had significantly higher injury hospitalization rates (mean (M)=685.4 v M=566.3; p=0.005)) and fatality rates (M=93.8 v M=71.6, p<0.001), indicating residents with the least access to care are the most impacted by the burden of injury; this finding was supported by GIS analyses of drive times to level I and II trauma centers and underlying injury rates, which are visually displayed. CONCLUSIONS These methods are useful tools for rural public health professionals to conduct system optimization, identify training and resource needs, assess prevention priorities, and advocate for trauma system support.
Liquid Biopsy: Translating Minimally Invasive Disease Profiling from the Lab to the Clinic

Precision medicine aims to characterize the unique molecular profile of individual tumors in order to predict clinical course and inform therapeutic decisions. The success of this approach is dependent on an adequate characterization of the disease at presentation, as well as over the course of treatment, as adaptations to therapy drive new mutations and resistance mechanisms. Tissue obtained through surgical excision or biopsy remains the mainstay of initial diagnosis and molecular analysis. However, tumor location and size, patient safety, and costs often limit the feasibility of repeated biopsies throughout the disease course. In addition, significant molecular heterogeneity between tumor sites and even within individual tumors can compromise comprehensive assessment of disease state from biopsy alone [1–4]. Liquid biopsies offer an alternative means of collecting representative and highly relevant information in a safe, easily repeatable, low cost manner in the form of a simple peripheral blood draw, enabling examination of various analytes including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell free DNA (cfDNA), cell free RNA (cfRNA), and extracellular vesicles with a widening array of potential clinical applications. Due to their easy accessibility, liquid biopsies enable monitoring of disease course in real time to gauge response to treatments, elucidate temporal evolution of genetic or cellular adaptations in response to therapies, and guide subsequent treatments. Hence, this approach may ultimately serve a pivotal role in translating precision medicine principles to clinical practice.
Deriving short answers from Hamblin sets: A case study of Mandarin wh-conditionals

A short answer to a wh-question cannot be directly derived from the latter's Hamblin-Karttunen denotation, which is a set of propositions. However, I argue that such a derivation is possible when the Hamblin-Karttunen denotation is dynamicized. In particular, wh-expressions have dynamic discourse contributions in the sense of introducing discourse referents (drefs), as evidenced by cross-sentential binding. Drefs introduced by wh-expressions not only provide a way to model short answers to wh-questions, but are also useful for modeling a non-canonical wh-construction known as wh-conditionals in Mandarin.
Chemical residue evidence in Leon Plain pottery from the Toyah phase (1300–1650 CE) in the American Southern Plains

Abstract Archaeological remains from the Toyah Phase (1300-1650 CE), prior to Spanish colonization of the American Southern Plains in central and south Texas, suggest that foraging indigenous peoples maintained a feasting economy. Mind-altering beverages, such as caffeinated or alcoholic drinks, are a common attraction of feasts worldwide and throughout human history. Fifty-four sherds of Leon Plain ware from six archaeological sites were chemically analyzed using ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Six samples contained biomarkers suggestive of caffeinated beverage(s)—either black drink, Yaupon Holly (Ilex vomitoria) ceremonial tea, or chocolate, derived from cacao (Theobroma cacao or bicolor). Three of those six samples had duplicate results over three trials. Six different samples contained succinic and tartaric acid, sometimes associated with grape wine, but no samples maintained those results over two trials. These results suggest that Leon Plain may have sometimes been used to contain mind-altering substances, such as black drink.
Importance of direct and indirect triggered seismicity

Using the simple ETAS branching model of seismicity, which assumes that each earthquake can trigger other earthquakes, we quantify the role played by the cascade of triggered seismicity in controlling the rate of aftershock decay as well as the overall level of seismicity in the presence of a constant external seismicity source. We show that, in this model, the fraction of earthquakes in the population that are aftershocks is equal to the fraction of aftershocks that are indirectly triggered and is given by the average number of triggered events per earthquake. Previous observations that a significant fraction of earthquakes are triggered earthquakes therefore imply that most aftershocks are indirectly triggered by the mainshock.
Revising the Narrative of the Conquest of Mexico: Bernardino de Sahagún’s 1585 Relación de la conquista de esta Nueva España

2021 represents the five-hundred-year anniversary of the fall of Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec empire. This essay addresses the rendering of the events that culminated in the Spanish domination of that region in two texts associated with the Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagun (1499–1590). The first is Book Twelve of the Florentine Codex, a bilingual manuscript written collaboratively with Indigenous intellectuals in Nahuatl with a Spanish translation and accompanied by nearly two thousand illustrations that represent a third text. Completed in 1579, under increasing scrutiny by religious authorities, the manuscript was confiscated and sent to Europe, eventually coming to reside in the Medici Library in Florence. In 1585, Sahagun, authored Relacion de la conquista de esta Nueva Espana, which sought to revise the narrative of the conquest found in Book Twelve. Sahagun’s revision reveals how the narrative of the conquest changed in the hands of the Franciscan friar as the sixteenth century drew to a close.
Is COVID-19 masking the ongoing youth vaping crisis?

E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) is a life-threatening, acute respiratory illness that came to international prominence in 2019 [1,2]. Starting that spring, public...
Integrated Multi-Class Classification and Prediction of GPCR Allosteric Modulators by Machine Learning Intelligence.

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest and most diverse group of cell surface receptors that respond to various extracellular signals. The allosteric modulation of GPCRs has emerged in recent years as a promising approach for developing target-selective therapies. Moreover, the discovery of new GPCR allosteric modulators can greatly benefit the further understanding of GPCR cell signaling mechanisms. It is critical but also challenging to make an accurate distinction of modulators for different GPCR groups in an efficient and effective manner. In this study, we focus on an 11-class classification task with 10 GPCR subtype classes and a random compounds class. We used a dataset containing 34,434 compounds with allosteric modulators collected from classical GPCR families A, B, and C, as well as random drug-like compounds. Six types of machine learning models, including support vector machine, naive Bayes, decision tree, random forest, logistic regression, and multilayer perceptron, were trained using different combinations of features including molecular descriptors, Atom-pair fingerprints, MACCS fingerprints, and ECFP6 fingerprints. The performances of trained machine learning models with different feature combinations were closely investigated and discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on the multi-class classification of GPCR allosteric modulators. We believe that the classification models developed in this study can be used as simple and accurate tools for the discovery and development of GPCR allosteric modulators.
"I'd Rather Be with Them Than Doing Anything Else": Kobe Bryant's Status as the MVP of Girl's Dads.

Over 40 years ago, Cazenave (1979) provided one of the first scholarly examinations of how middle-income Black fathers defined the provider role. Since that time, scholars have studied the realities of biological and social fathers (Coles et al., 2010; Connor & White, 2006; Hamer, 2001, 1997; McDougal III & George III, 2016; Ransaw, 2017), as well as the relationship between fathering and sport (Fletcher, 2020). This qualitative work examined the words the late Kobe Bryant (January 23, 1978–January 26, 2020) used to describe his role as father to four daughters. To determine the underlying messages behind Bryant’s words, I used Phenomenology as the theoretical framework. Qualitative analysis of the words featured in the Insider article, “Kobe Bryant’s 10 Most Touching Quotes on Fatherhood and Raising Daughters” By Emily Cavanaugh (February 25, 2020) revealed three themes: (1) Bryant made being a present father a priority; (2) Bryant publicly praised his late daughter Gianna and her sisters; and (3) Bryant saw himself as a role model to children. Most important, Bryant’s fame and status in professional basketball along with his narratives regarding being a father to daughters is a strong, enduring counter narrative to the “absent Black father” trope that is common in society. The work also discussed the reasons why in light of the rape scandal Kobe Bryant is a good role model. Implications for how fatherhood will shape the Bryant legacy will be discussed.
Coastline Non-Conformism

Coastlines have long served as convenient borders between human ideas. Coastlines may represent the boundary between what is considered to be land and sea, civilization and wilderness, private and public, or national and international, among many other dualities. Perhaps because coastlines have faithfully served as the boundary between so many human constructs, many now take for granted that coastlines so prevalently represent the boundary between political regions or legal jurisdictions. A coastline may serve as the legal boundary between a private landowner and the public, a local government and the state, a state and the federal government, or the federal government and the global commons. But, since coastlines are still, in most cases, naturally formed and forming landscapes, their wildness often frustrates the either/or distinction that legal boundaries are predicated upon. Wetland ecosystems, for example, blur the line between land and sea, while many coastlines move and change shape over time. The stubborn refusal of coastlines to adhere to the perfect dualities demanded by legal systems create conflicts and legal challenges for coastal stakeholders. This is not a new observation. However, with the dawn of a new decade approaching, it is worth reexamining the role that coastlines play in the law and the ways in which coastline change frustrates this role. This essay surveys the challenges presented by “coastline non-conformism.” Coastline non-conformism is defined as those characteristics of coastlines that do not conform to the rigid demands of fixed legal boundaries. The essay explores six such characteristics in particular: ambulatory coastlines, ambiguous coastlines, artificial coastlines, disappearing coastlines, the river problem, and the coastline paradox. Taken together, the characteristics call into question the current role played by coastlines in legal systems in the United States and around the world.
Evidence-Based Practice and Resilient Children and Adolescents

This chapter focuses on resilience and discusses the many factors that define resilience. The chapter gives definitions of the term resilience and the attributes of resilient people. It also discusses the relationship between coping with stress and resilience. A discussion of resilience by youth in crisis provides a way of understanding how resilient youth who are traumatized understand their unique ways of coping with life stressors. A consistent finding over the last 20 years of resilience research is that most children from highly dysfunctional families or very poor communities do well as adults. This finding applies to almost all populations of children found to be at risk for later life problems, including children who experience divorce; children who live with step-parents; children who have lost a sibling; children who have attention deficit disorder or suffer from developmental delays; and children who become delinquent or run away. Coping with stress has been thought to be a dimension of resilience, although there is disagreement in the literature about the definition of coping. Some researchers see coping as a dynamic process but measure its existence by considering a person's disposition or by viewing it as something triggered by a life situation.
Digital Technology and Social Policy: Social Justice in a World of Anywhere Access?

This chapter traces the influence of technology on social policy over the past 15 years from the information age to the digital revolution of today. Critical themes in the development of social policy include globalization, social acceptance of technology, empowerment and privacy issues, and information access and authenticity. Predictions for social work practice up to the year 2022 offer the hope of social justice with the future use of technology. Keywords: technology and social policy; social justice; anywhere access; globalization and technology; information access and authenticity
Dynamics of Income Distribution in a Market Economy: Possibilities for Poverty Allevation.

Glossary Definition of the Subject Introduction The Alternative Economic Models and Their Limitations A System Dynamics Model of Resource Allocation, Production and Entitlements Replicating Income Distribution Patterns Implicit in Models of Alternative Economic Systems Feedback Loops Underlying Wage and Income Patterns Possibilities for Poverty Alleviation Conclusion Future Directions Appendix Bibliography
Help Seeking for Mental Health Problems Among Mexican Americans

This study uses data from a household survey (Mexican American Prevalence and Services Study; MAPSS) of 3,000 respondents in Fresno County, California, to 1) contrast use across multiple sectors of care among immigrant and U.S. born Mexican Americans with recent psychiatric disorders, 2) contrast multiple provider utilization patterns, and 3) identify specific factors associated with the use of mental health specialty and general medical sectors. Immigrants and U.S. born disproportionately used the general medical sector for treating mental health problems. The U.S. born were more likely to use family physicians and counselors than were immigrants, and neither relied heavily upon informal network providers to treat psychiatric disorders. A comparison of patterns showed that most people with a recent disorder used a combination of providers. The logistic regression analyses showed that knowing where to find a provider increased the likelihood of specialty mental health use by an odds ratio (O.R.) of 4.68. Private insurance increased use of mental health providers, O.R. = 3.76. Public insurance availability did not increase mental health provider use, suggesting that other factors were linked to use of mental health specialty care. Public insurance did increase medical sector care for psychiatric problems, O.R. = 2.57. Poor self-rated mental health status was primarily associated with use of physicians by U.S. born (O.R. = 5.39). Severe mental health impairment increased use of both general medical (O.R. = 5.54) and specialty mental health (O.R. = 5.1) providers. These results point out that eligibility for public insurance is a necessary but not sufficient status to increase mental health sector care among immigrants, and education and more effective referral from other sectors are needed to encourage use of these services.
Effects of Flaxseed Lignan Secoisolariciresinol Diglucosideon Preneoplastic Biomarkers of Cancer Progression in a Model of Simultaneous Breast and Ovarian Cancer Development.

Breast cancer prevention efforts are focused increasingly on potentially beneficial dietary modifications due to their ease of implementation and wide acceptance. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is a lignan found in high concentration in flaxseed that may have selective estrogen receptor modulator-like effects resulting in antiestrogenic activity in a high estrogen environment. In parallel with a human phase II prevention trial, female ACI rats (n = 8–10/group) received 0, 10, or 100 ppm SDG in the feed. The 100 ppm SDG treatment produced similar blood lignan levels as those observed in our human pilot study. Mammary and ovarian cancer progression were induced using local ovarian DMBA treatment and subcutaneous sustained release 17β-estradiol administered starting at 7 weeks of age. Mammary gland and ovarian tissues were collected at 3 mo after initiation of treatment and examined for changes in epithelial cell proliferation (Ki-67, cell counts), histopathology, and dysplasia scores, as well as exp...
Current cell models for bioengineering a salivary gland: a mini‐review of emerging technologies

Saliva plays a major role in maintaining oral health. Patients afflicted with a decrease in saliva secretion (symptomatically, xerostomia) exhibit difficulty in chewing and swallowing foods, tooth decay, periodontal disease, and microbial infections. Despite recent improvements in treating xerostomia (e.g., saliva stimulants, saliva substitutes, and gene therapy), there is a need of more scientific advancements that can be clinically applied toward restoration of compromised salivary gland function. Here we provide a summary of the current salivary cell models that have been used to advance restorative treatments via development of an artificial salivary gland. These models represent initial steps toward clinical and translational research, to facilitate creation of clinically safe salivary glands. Further studies in salivary cell lines and primary cells are necessary to improve survival rates, cell differentiation, and secretory function. Additionally, the characterization of salivary progenitor and stem cell markers are necessary. Although these models are not fully characterized, their improvement may lead to the construction of an artificial salivary gland that is in high demand for improving the quality of life of many patients suffering from salivary secretory dysfunction.
Mechanisms of genetic sex determination, gonadal sex differentiation, and germ-cell development in animals.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the basic events of genetic sex determination and primary sex differentiation. Several models are discussed to explain the genetics of sex determination. The most recent and best developed theory of sex determination based on genetic inheritance involves expression of the gene for the H-Y cell-surface antigen in male cells. Observations in several mammalian species have revealed a consistent correlation between the presence of H-Y antigen and testicular development. Sexual differentiation of the gonad results from the development of only one gonadal component, either the cortex or the medulla. Differentiation of the testis is marked by continued development of the medullary cords, into which the cortical germ cells migrate. There are certain important distinctions between the mammalian and avian gonadal development. The most striking difference is that in the avian female only the left gonad differentiates into a functional ovary, whereas in mammals female gonad development is bilaterally symmetrical.
High-frequency silicon optomechanical oscillator with an ultralow threshold.

We demonstrate a highly efficient optomechanical oscillator based upon a small silicon microdisk resonator with a 2-μm radius. The device exhibits a strong optomechanical coupling of 115 GHz/nm and a large intrinsic mechanical frequency-Q product of 4.32 × 1012 Hz. It is able to operate at a high frequency of 1.294 GHz with an ultralow threshold of 3.56 μW while working in the air environment. The high efficiency, high frequency together with the structural compactness and CMOS compatibility of our device enables great potential for broad applications in photonic-phononic signal processing, sensing, and metrology.
Ectopic overexpression of c-mpl by retroviral-mediated gene transfer suppressed megakaryopoiesis but enhanced erythropoiesis in mice.

In this report, we tested whether ectopic overexpression of a cell surface receptor cDNA could be used to explore the physiological roles of that receptor. We generated c-mpl overexpressing animals by reconstituting mice with retroviral vector-transduced bone marrow (BM) cells. We observed that platelet counts in the c-mpl overexpressing mice failed to recover to normal levels and remained at 800 x 10(6)/mL by 4 weeks post-transplantation. However, platelet counts in the c-mpl overexpressing mice could be stimulated to normal levels after administration of rhMGDF. No significant changes in peripheral leukocyte counts were observed, although the number of CFU-E, GM-CFC, and CFC-multi were reduced two- to threefold in the BM of the c-mpl overexpressing mice. In addition, enhanced erythropoiesis was observed in the c-mpl overexpressing mice. The mpl receptors on erythroid cells were functional as demonstrated by tyrosine-phosphorylation of mpl receptor on RBC and by in vitro erythroid colony-formation in response to MGDF stimulation, respectively. These results suggested that ectopically expressed mpl receptors competed for ligand in vivo leading to an insufficient amount of circulating thrombopoietin (Tpo) for the development of megakaryocytic lineage. These results further suggest that, in addition to sequestering circulating Tpo, overexpression of the mpl receptor on erythroid progenitors may directly contribute to enhanced erythropoiesis in vivo. Our studies demonstrate that ectopic overexpression of a receptor by retroviral-mediated gene transfer provides an approach to explore the biological roles of novel receptors.
Mary Wollstonecraft, Margaret Fuller, and Angelina Grimke: Symbolic convergence and a nascent rhetorical vision

Critics have never conceptualized Wollstonecraft, Fuller and Grimke as a unified trio of feminist angst in the age of reform in which they lived. This essay invites rhetorical critics to re‐appraise the way we study discrete social movements and pay isolated tribute to woman's rights figures. It examines how each rhetor co‐opted the ideational and stylistic rhetorical characteristics of pre‐existing social movements (The Enlightenment, Transcendentalism, and Abolitionism) to create symbolic convergence and nascent rhetorical visions of woman's rights.
SHORT-TERM WIND POWER FORECASTING USING THE ENHANCED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION BASED HYBRID METHOD

High penetration of wind power in the electricity system provides many challenges to power system operators, mainly due to the unpredictability and variability of wind power generation. Although wind energy may not be dispatched, an accurate forecasting method of wind speed and power generation can help power system operators reduce the risk of an unreliable electricity supply. This paper proposes an enhanced particle swarm optimization (EPSO) based hybrid forecasting method for short-term wind power forecasting. The hybrid forecasting method combines the persistence method, the back propagation neural network, and the radial basis function (RBF) neural network. The EPSO algorithm is employed to optimize the weight coefficients in the hybrid forecasting method. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the method is tested on the practical information of wind power generation of a wind energy conversion system (WECS) installed on the Taichung coast of Taiwan. Comparisons of forecasting performance are made with the individual forecasting methods. Good agreements between the realistic values and forecasting values are obtained; the test results show the proposed forecasting method is accurate and reliable.
Chromosome segregation is frequently associated with the expression of recessive mutations in mouse cells.

Abstract The genes coding for adenosine kinase (ADK; ATP:adenosine 5'-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.20) and esterase-10 (ES-10; carboxylesterase, carboxylic-ester hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.1) are both located on chromosome 14 in the mouse. The near-diploid mouse cell line CAK is heterozygous for two electrophoretic variants of ES-10. Recessive Adk- mutants of CAK have been isolated and analyzed for Es-10 phenotype and karyotypic abnormalities. Two classes of mutants were found with approximatley equal frequencies: those that remained heterozygous in the expression of Es-10 and those that expressed only one Es-10 allele. Of the mutants that lacked one form of ES-10, approximately half were missing most or all of one copy of chromosome 14; the other contained two copies of 14, frequently in the form of an isochromosome. There were no abnormalities of this chromosome found among the mutants that were Es-10 heterozygotes. These results suggest that the expression of an autosomal recessive mutation in near-diploid mouse cells is frequently associated with events that result in the segregation of a physically linked marker and part or all of a chromosome.
Disentangling chronological age from age of onset in children and adolescents with obsessive--compulsive disorder

Although paediatric obsessive--compulsive disorder (OCD) is increasingly recognized as a putative developmental subtype of the disorder, it remains uncertain as to whether additional subtyping by age at onset in childhood or adolescence is warranted. Subjects included children and adolescents meeting DSM-III-R and DSM-IV criteria for OCD referred to a specialized OCD clinic. All youth were systematically evaluated with structured diagnostic interviews and clinical assessment by an OCD expert. Irrespective of current age, an earlier age at onset predicted increased risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, simple phobia, agoraphobia and multiple anxiety disorders. In contrast, mood and psychotic disorders were associated with chronological age and were more prevalent in older subjects. Tourette's disorder showed associations with both chronological age and age at onset. Chronological age and age at onset predicted different patterns of comorbidity and dysfunction in children and adolescents with OCD. Considering the heterogeneity of OCD, age at onset may help identify meaningful developmental subtypes of the disorder beyond chronological age.
A material point time integration procedure for anisotropic, thermo rheologically simple, viscoelastic solids

This study presents an effective and robust time integration procedure for general anisotropic, thermal rheologically simple viscoelasticity, that is suitable for implementation in a broad spectrum of general purpose nonlinear finite element programs. It features a judicious choice of state variables which record the extent of inelastic flow (creep), a stable backward Euler integration step, and a consistent tangent operator. Numerical examples involving homogeneous stress states such as uniaxial tension and simple shear, and non-uniform stress states such as a beam under tip load, were carried out by incorporating the present scheme into a general purpose FEM package. Excellent agreement with analytical results is observed.
Expression of proinflammatory cytokines by human mesenchymal stem cells in response to cyclic tensile strain.

Mesenchymal stem cells produce proinflammatory cytokines during their normal growth. Direct or indirect regulation of bone resorption by these cytokines has been reported. However, the effects of osteogenic conditions—chemical and/or mechanical—utilized during in vitro bone tissue engineering on expression of cytokines by hMSCs have not been studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of cyclic tensile strain, culture medium (with and without dexamethasone), and culture duration on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) by bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Human MSCs seeded in three-dimensional Type I collagen matrices were subjected to 0%, 10%, and 12% uniaxial cyclic tensile strains at 1 Hz for 4 h/day for 7 and 14 days in complete growth or dexamethasone-containing osteogenic medium. Viability of hMSCs was maintained irrespective of strain level and media conditions. Expression of either TNF-α or IL-1β was not observed in hMSCs under any of the conditions investigated in this study. Expression of IL-6 was dependent on culture medium. An increase in IL-6 expression was caused by both 10% and 12% strain levels. Both 10% and 12% strain levels caused an increase in IL-8 production by hMSCs that was dependent on the presence of dexamethasone. IL-6 and IL-8 expressions by hMSCs were induced by cyclic tensile strain and osteogenic differentiating media, indicating that IL-6 and IL-8 may be functioning as autocrine signals during osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 77–83, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Floquet analysis of inelastic collisions of ions with Rydberg atoms.

The theory of Demkov {ital et} {ital al}. {bold (}Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. {bold 66}, 125 (1974) [Sov. Phys. JETP {bold 39}, 57 (1974)]{bold )} for collisional mixing of degenerate states of a hydrogenlike target is generalized to nonhydrogenic targets parametrized by a set of quantum defects, {l_brace}{mu}{sub {ital l}}{r_brace}, with {ital l} the orbital angular-momentum quantum number of the Rydberg electron. Schroedinger`s equation is written in periodic form in the impact-parameter approximation by using the angle of rotation of the internuclear line, as opposed to the time, as the independent variable. Quasiperiodic solutions are constructed by Floquet analysis, as in studies of Rydberg-state mixing by oscillatory fields, leading to an infinite-dimensional eigenvalue equation whose eigenvectors and eigenvalues determine the evolution operator of the collision system. An initial application to ``{ital l}-mixing collisions`` of ions with alkali-metal atoms indicates that dipole-forbidden transitions dominate depopulation cross sections at intermediate collision speeds.
Programming with everybody: tightening the copy-modify-publish feedback loop

People write more code than they ever share online. They also copy and tweak code more often than they contribute their modifications back to the public. These situations can lead to widespread duplication of effort. However, the copy-modify-publish feedback loop which could solve the problem is inhibited by the effort required to publish code online. In this paper we present our preliminary, ongoing effort to create Ditty, a programming environment that attacks the problem by sharing changes immediately, making all code public by default. Ditty tracks the changes users make to code they find and exposes the modified versions alongside the original so that commonly-used derivatives can eventually become canonical. Our work will examine mechanical and social methods to consolidate global effort on common code snippets, and the effects of designing a programming interface that inspires a feeling of the whole world programming together.
UPS of negative aluminum clusters

Abstract Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) of negative aluminum clusters in the size range of 3–32 atoms is presented. The clusters are prepared in a supersonic beam by laser vaporization, and an ArF excimer laser (6.42 eV) is used for photodetachment. The electron affinities (EA) of the neutral clusters are peaked at cluster sizes of 6, 13, 19, and 23, which is consistent with a shell model of electronic structure. Additionally, a size-dependent increase in the photoelectron yield at 5 eV binding energy in the UPS data can be interpreted as the merging of the 3s and 3p valence bands.
Network Formation and Sieving Performance of Self-Assembling Hydrogels

Self-assembling hydrogels, consisting of aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene glycol)s end-capped with perfluorocarbon groups (Rf−PEGs), were studied for their electrophoretic sieving performance. These materials form physical gels, with the end groups aggregated in hydrophobic cores. The gels display high sieving performance, expressed as a large mobility dependence on DNA size, for short double-stranded DNA fragments even at relatively low polymer concentrations (∼3 wt %). This interesting characteristic can be attributed to the dense packing of interconnected micelles that build up the hydrogel network. The physically connected micelles act as a permanent network on the time scale of DNA migration over the distance between micelle cores. A mobility plateau was observed for intermediate DNA sizes that were probably too large to sieve through the network of interconnected micelles and yet too small to reptate. This plateau was followed by a reptation regime for larger DNA sizes, that has similar resolving characteristics to that observed for entangled linear PEO solutions.
The F0F1-ATP Synthase Complex Contains Novel Subunits and Is Essential for Procyclic Trypanosoma brucei

The mitochondrial F0F1 ATP synthase is an essential multi-subunit protein complex in the vast majority of eukaryotes but little is known about its composition and role in Trypanosoma brucei, an early diverged eukaryotic pathogen. We purified the F0F1 ATP synthase by a combination of affinity purification, immunoprecipitation and blue-native gel electrophoresis and characterized its composition and function. We identified 22 proteins of which five are related to F1 subunits, three to F0 subunits, and 14 which have no obvious homology to proteins outside the kinetoplastids. RNAi silencing of expression of the F1 α subunit or either of the two novel proteins showed that they are each essential for the viability of procyclic (insect stage) cells and are important for the structural integrity of the F0F1-ATP synthase complex. We also observed a dramatic decrease in ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation after silencing expression of each of these proteins while substrate phosphorylation was not severely affected. Our procyclic T. brucei cells were sensitive to the ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin even in the presence of glucose contrary to earlier reports. Hence, the two novel proteins appear essential for the structural organization of the functional complex and regulation of mitochondrial energy generation in these organisms is more complicated than previously thought.
Faculty publishing productivity: the emerging role of network connectivity

The identification of variables related to faculty publishing productivity is essential in promoting campus information and work environments that foster creativity. This study explores personal and institutional factors, especially the emerging role of the campus telecommunications environment, that support faculty productivity.
Evaluating the impact of resort development on an Hawaiian island: Implications for social impact assessment policy and procedures

Abstract This paper identifies critical concerns in the policy and procedures used in conducting social impact assessments (SIAs). Using the case of the island of Lana'i in the state of Hawaii the authors illustrate how SIAs can be done to maximize relevance, enhance utility, and empower communities. The development project in this case involves the creation of a resort industry with two major hotels on an island that until now has had an agricultural economic base for many years. This case study also illustrates how multiple methodologies and indigenization of instrumentation and data collection can increase the validity of the results. Recommendations are made regarding the improvement of SIA policy, procedures, and research.
Stopping energetic beams in gas

Abstract The stopping of Ar beams at energies up to 100 MeV/nucleon in a combination of Al energy degrader and He gas volume was investigated. The range straggling was not largely enhanced by the energy degrader. A Monte Carlo simulation was applied in order to calculate the spatial distribution of stopped ions in the gas.
The Nature and Evolution of Port Wine Stains: A Computer-assisted Study

In an attempt to understand the histogenesis and evolution of port wine stains (PWS), 100 patients with PWS were biopsied; the gross features of each lesion and the patient's associated clinical characteristics were recorded. A detailed analysis of each biopsy including both vessel and nonvessel parameters was made with the assistance of a computer. The central abnormalities characterizing port wine stains are an increase in vessel number (vascular profiles) and ectasia. Vessel number is highest in the immediate subepidermal area and then rapidly diminishes; mean vessel depth is .46 ± .17mm. In contrast mean vessel area shows less variation throughout the dermis, ectatic vessels being present when vessel number is very low. The product of both factors determines the percent of dermis occupied by vessels, but the mean vessel area is the major determinant. While age correlates poorly with vessel number, it correlates well with both progressive vessel ectasia and color shifts (pink to purple). Each of multiple vessel parameters analyzed (vessel number, mean vessel area, wall thickness, angulation, and luminal erythrocyte content) exhibited strong layer to layer correlation within the first .8mm of tissue beneath the epidermis, indicating homogeneity of vessel characteristics within the lesion. The size of the lesion and facial quadrant distribution do not change with age nor are they related to any histological parameters. However the PWS lesion is found most often on the right side and lower quadrants, with a distinctive pattern being present in patients with glaucoma and mental retardation.
Liquidus temperature determination in multicomponent alloys by thermal analysis

Thermal analysis is often used to determine equilibrium phase boundary temperatures such as the liquids. Accurate measurements require proper calibration procedures, which are standard for given instruments. In multicomponent alloys such as RENE N5 and PWA 1484 superalloys, a complex melting behavior associated with the solidification structure was exposed by examining the melting response at different heating rates. The observed variability in the melting signal is related to the sample processing history and is not addressed by the various standard calibration methods or supplemental procedures for different heating rates. The liquidus temperature can be determined under conditions approaching full compositional equilibrium by the application of an interrupted-heating thermal analysis protocol. The approach provides a new strategy for the reliable determination of phase boundary temperatures by thermal analysis.
Energy beams as working tools

Intense beams of light or particles have been increasingly used in the forming and joining of refractory materials and components. Energy beam techniques reduce disturbance of the metallurgical properties to a minimum
Carbon Dioxide Capture Using a CO2-Selective Facilitated Transport Membrane

A novel CO2-selective membrane with the facilitated transport mechanism has been synthesized to capture CO2 from the industrial gas mixtures, including flue gas. Both mobile and fixed amine carrier...
The Information Content of Just‐in‐Time Inventory System Adoption Announcement

This paper examines the stock market reaction and analysts’ earnings forecast revisions associated with just-in-time (JIT) inventory system adoption announcements. The stock market reaction is positive, however, analysts do not revise their earnings forecasts when firms announce a JIT adoption. The results of the paper show mixed support for the hypothesis that JIT is viewed by markets as a costly capital expenditure intended to increase the net cash flows of the firm and mixed support for the hypothesis that JIT is viewed by markets only as an accounting change.
The Impact of Pretrial Advertising on Postt rial Product Evaluations: Assessing the Effects of Att ribute Information for Hedonic and Utilitarian Products

Our research examines the extent to which pretrial advertisements versus trial alone are effective in generating favorable posttrial product evaluations. In an experiment related to utilitarian (pa...