cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cellulose-based fibres from liquid crystalline solutions: 5. Processing and morphology of CAB blends with lignin

Continuous fibers from blends of cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) with lignin (L) were spun from liquid crystalline solution. Morphological investigations suggest that CAB and L form blends with considerable phase mixing. The porosity of the surface structure of CAB/L fibres increased with increasing L content. The mechanical properties of the L-containing fibres increased with phase mixing of CAB and L molecules in the fibre matrix. This study shows that phase mixing can be enhanced by coagulation during wet spinning.
Evaluation of current cancer immunotherapy: hemato-oncology.

Hematological malignancies were the first diseases in clinical oncology for which the potential of harnessing the immune system as targeted therapy was unequivocally demonstrated. Unfortunately the use of this highly efficacious modality has been limited to only a subset of patients and diseases due to immune-mediated toxicities resulting from incomplete specificity, and disease-specific determinants of sensitivity versus resistance to immune effector mechanisms. Recent studies however, have begun to elucidate the molecular basis of the observed clinical effects allowing the rational development of next generation of immunotherapeutic combinations. We discuss here cancer antigen targets in hematological malignancies and the specific approaches to induce immunity being pursued, the importance of modulating the host immunoregulatory environment, and the special features of immunological monitoring in clinical investigation. The hematological malignancies represent an ideal setting for the development of immunotherapy due to logistical, clinical monitoring and disease biology factors and may represent an exemplar for immune based treatment in other cancer types.
Activation of MCP-1 Gene Expression Is Mediated through Multiple Signaling Pathways

Multiple signal transduction pathways including protein kinase C, tyrosine phosphorylation, and an independent third signaling mechanism are involved in the activation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 gene. Northern blot analysis showed that the incubation of endothelial cell with dioctanoylglycerol induced maximum level of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 transcripts. The TPA-induced monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression was abolished by treating the cells with both staurosporine and genistein; however, only a portion of the LPS-induced expression was inhibited by staurosporine/genistein. This is in accordance with the observation that LPS induced the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in desensitized cells. Thus, a third signal transduction pathway other than protein kinase C or tyrosine kinase is involved in the LPS-induced monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression in human endothelial cell.
Studies on the Composition of Egg Lipida

SUMMARY Studies were carried out on the fractionation and analysis of egg lipid by several new techniques employing thin-layer chromatography. The fatty acid composition of the major lipid classes and subfractions thereof was determined by a combination of alkali-isomerization and gas-liquid chromatography. The positional arrangements of the fatty acids in the glycerides and lecithin fraction were determined. The fatty acids in lecithin were distributed mainly in one type, the α-saturated β-unsaturated type, in contrast to the fatty acids of triglycerides.
Exposing Nursing Students to Rural Healthcare Practice: Creating a Rural Simulation Experience

Background: Continued nursing shortages in rural areas have prompted the call for nursing education programs to prepare nursing students for rural practice. Including curricular content on rural health issues and placing students in rural health care facilities are methods used by some institutions. An additional strategy for preparation of students for rural practice is simulation. Method: This project involved the use of simulated health care facilities in rural communities, incorporating rural concepts into rural simulation scenarios and developing a twenty-two member family tree of rural residents for use in the simulation scenarios. Nursing students participate in rural simulation scenarios throughout the curriculum in lecture and lab settings. Conclusions: Using simulation with rural health experiences provides nursing students the opportunity to experience caring for patients from rural areas while increasing their understanding of health care issues, challenges associated with rural health care and opportunities for rural practice. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v14i1.307 Keywords: Simulation, Rural, Scenarios, Nursing Education
Impact of noise source configuration on directional hearing aid benefit and performance.

Objective:To evaluate the impact of the position of noise source(s) and reverberation on the directional benefit and performance of three commercially available directional hearing aids.Design:Directional benefit and performance were measured for four different configurations of competing noise sour
Failure of chronic transmyocardial laser revascularization to alter cardiac nociceptive reflexes: implications for the treatment of angina pectoris

The aim of this study was to assess the delayed effects of transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) on cardiac nociceptors. Experiments were performed in anesthetized dogs 1 month after thoracotomy with either TMLR (n = 17) or sham laser procedure (n = 17). All dogs underwent sinoaortic denervation and vagotomy to isolate the sympathetic afferent system. Left ventricular sympathetic afferents were stimulated by intracoronary bradykinin and transmural myocardial ischemia. Efferent responses were measured by direct recording of renal sympathetic nerve activity. Renal nerve responses to intracoronary bradykinin administered to the laser-treated anterior ventricular wall were not significantly different from those observed from the unlased posterior wall. Anterior transmural ischemia elicited similar renal nerve responses in laser-treated and sham groups. Pathologic analysis showed intact neural structures in the subepicardial regions both near and remote from the lased channels. We conclude that reflexes mediated by left ventricular sympathetic afferents are preserved after chronic TMLR. These findings do not support the neural hypothesis for angina relief.
Role of Carbon–Carbon Phenyl Migration in the Pyrolysis Mechanism of β-O-4 Lignin Model Compounds: Phenethyl Phenyl Ether and α-Hydroxy Phenethyl Phenyl Ether

We investigate phenyl shift and subsequent β-scission reactions for PhCHXCH·OPh [X = H, OH], which are part of the pyrolysis mechanism of phenethyl phenyl ether (PPE) and α-hydroxy PPE. PPE and its derivatives are model compounds for the most common linkage in lignin, the β-O-4 linkage. We use density functional theory to locate transition states and equilibrium structures and kinetic Monte Carlo in combination with transition-state theory for kinetic simulations. Oxygen–carbon and carbon–carbon phenyl shift reactions proceed through cyclic intermediates with similar barriers. However, while subsequent β-scission of the oxygen–carbon shift products proceeds with virtually no barrier, the activation energy for β-scission of the carbon–carbon shift products exceeds 15 kcal/mol. We found that about 15% of β-radical conversion can be attributed to carbon–carbon shift for PPE and α-hydroxy PPE at 618 K. Whereas the oxygen–carbon shift reaction has been established as an integral part of the pyrolysis mechanism...
An Integrative Model for Social Work Practice: A Multi-Systemic, Multi-Theoretical Approach

The integration of various theories of practice is not new. Many authors have focused on theoretical integration and/or eclecticism in practice, however, the framework for integration has not been discussed as it relates to social work practice. This manuscript will give a brief history of theoretical integration and then describe a multi-systemic, multi-theoretical integrative model (IM) for social work practice, using these concepts as grounding for the model, i.e., (a) the therapeutic relationship or holding environment, (b) client self-determination, (c) the biopsycho- social perspective, and (d) the person-in-situation. Examples of the application of the model are included along with a discussion of the advantages and limitations of such a model for social work practice.
Wise men never try: A discography of fool songs, 1945–1995

(1997). Wise men never try: A discography of fool songs, 1945–1995. Popular Music and Society: Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 115-131.
Effect of tendon transfers and extra-articular soft-tissue balancing on glenohumeral development in brachial plexus birth palsy.

Background: Persistent muscle imbalance and soft-tissue contractures can lead to progressive glenohumeral joint deformity in patients with brachial plexus birth palsy. The objective of this investigation was to determine the effects of correction of external rotation weakness and internal rotation c
LANDSCAPE PATTERNS AND FOREST HISTORY IN THE BOUNDARY WATERS CANOE AREA, MINNESOTA: A POLLEN STUDY FROM HUG LAKE'

Paleoecological studies of the past 400 yr indicate that the mosaic of vegetation patterns in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area in northeastern Minnesota USA appears to be related to topography and presence of large lakes, and to the ways in which these features influence periodic forest fires. Pollen and charcoal analyses from a site (Hug Lake) located in primarily deciduous forest were compared to those from Lake of the Clouds which is located in a region dominated by coniferous forest. The results showed that the average interval between fires at both sites was similar (70 yr), but the absence of conifers in the area surrounding Hug Lake probably was related to the lack of effective firebreaks such as steep topography and large lakes that are essential for the survival of conifers when regional fire frequency is high. The deciduous character of the forests around Hug Lake has existed for at least 400 yr and was not the result of several large fires that occurred in the area during the 1800's.
Age-related associations of hypertension and diabetes mellitus with chronic kidney disease

Studies suggest end-stage renal disease incidence and all-cause mortality rates among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) differ by age. The association of diabetes mellitus and hypertension with CKD across the adult lifespan is not well established. Data from NHANES 1999–2004 were used to determine the association of risk factors for stage 3 or 4 CKD (n = 12,518) and albuminuria (n = 12,778) by age grouping (20 to 49, 50 to 69, and ≥70 years). Stage 3 or 4 CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 15 to 59 ml/min/1.73 m2 and albuminuria as an albumin to creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g. For adults 20 to 49, 50 to 69 and ≥70 years of age, the prevalence ratios (95% confidence interval) of stage 3 or 4 CKD associated with hypertension were 1.94 (0.86 – 4.35), 1.51 (1.09 – 2.07), 1.31 (1.15 – 1.49), respectively (p-trend = 0.038). The analogous prevalence ratios (95% confidence interval) were 3.01 (1.35 – 6.74), 1.61 (1.15 – 2.25), 1.40 (1.15 – 1.69), respectively, for diagnosed diabetes mellitus (p-trend = 0.067); and 2.67 (0.53 – 13.4), 1.35 (0.69 – 2.63), 1.08 (0.78 – 1.51), respectively, for undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (p-trend = 0.369). The prevalence ratios of albuminuria associated with hypertension and diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus were lower at older age (each p < 0.05). Among US adults, diabetes mellitus and hypertension are associated with CKD and albuminuria regardless of age. However, the associations were stronger at younger ages.
Rheological studies on dispersions of uniform colloidal spheres I. Aqueous dispersions in steady shear flow

Abstract Dispersions of uniform rigid spheres of diameters from 0.07 μ to 1.12 μ were prepared by emulsion polymerization of styrene and vinyl-toluene; their non-Newtonian viscosities were measured as functions of electrolyte level, surfactant content, and shear stress at volume fractions up to 0.50. Under certain experimentally defined conditions, these latexes obey a principle of corresponding rheological states ηr = f(φ, τr), where ηr is the relative viscosity, φ the volume fraction, and τ r = τa 3 kT is a dimensionless shear stress; τ is the actual shear stress, a the particle radius, k Boltzmann's constant, and T the absolute temperature.
Photonic crystals with a degenerate band edge: Field enhancement effects and sensitivity analysis

Photonic crystals (PhCs) with a degenerate band edge (DBE) are dispersion-tailored materials composed of a periodic arrangement of misaligned anisotropic dielectric layers and an isotropic dielectric layer. DBE PhCs yield an (approximately) quartic dispersion relation just below the DBE frequency rather than the conventional quadratic dispersion relation present below a regular band edge (RBE). We present a sensitivity analysis of the performance of DBE PhCs under various perturbations. This analysis is made possible by means of an unconditionally stable finite-difference time-domain scheme to solve Maxwell's equations in anisotropic media based on a complex-envelope alternating-direction-implicit algorithm. Numerical simulations are performed to examine the gigantic field intensity enhancement at Fabry-Perot resonances associated with finite-stack DBE PhCs. Numerical simulations are also used to investigate the sensitivity of field enhancement effects against the bandwidth of the excitation. The effects of layer thickness perturbations, grounding, and dielectric losses on the electromagnetic response of DBE PhCs are also examined. The numerical results are used to compare Fabry-Perot RBE resonances against Fabry-Perot DBE resonances.
Decision and choice in transforming data

Statistics are developed for predicting the effect of data transformations on the F statistic when the assumptions of homoscedasticity and normality underlying the AN OVA are not necessarily satisfied. These statistics are useful for determining whether and how to transform, They are developed by partitioning the change in the observed value of the jF-statistic under the transformation, into two expressions, one of which depends on the "truth" of HQ while the other does not. Using this partition, desirable properties are derived for transformations. Criteria are developed defining transformations which tend to preserve the type 1 error while increasing power when needed. Using these criteria, the notion of model robustness is introduced. It is shown that the Box-Cox methodology for selecting a power transform may, under certain conditions, produce a transformation which does not permit inferences to be made about the parent population from the transformed population. An alternative approach suggested here...
A pharmacodynamic approach to optimizing insulin therapy

Abstract We have developed a program for simulation and optimization of insulin therapy in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. The program, denoted GLUCOJECT, is based on a physiologic model of minimal complexity, which describes the pharmacokinetics of absorption and clearance of subcutaneous insulin and the dynamics of glucose utilization as dependent on both prevailing glucose and insulin levels. With self-monitored glucose values and insulin doses collected with one of several commercially available memory meters, GLUCOJECT reconstructs an average or ‘typical’ daily plasma glucose and insulin profile and displays them in a graph. The program then calculates the expected rate of glucose utilization, which permits calculation of the rate of glucose entry into plasma from both endogenous (hepatic) and exogenous (dietary) sources. In turn, this allows one to calculate an ‘ideal’ plasma insulin profile required to maintain a relatively constant ‘ideal’ plasma glucose level. GLUCOJECT can evaluate several different insulin regimens involving various combinations of short-, intermediate- and long-acting insulins, and select the one(s) most closely approximating the ideal or optimal insulin profile, using a least-squares criterion. For any optimized insulin regimen, GLUCOJECT calculates and displays the predicted time course of plasma glucose. These features make the program attractive as an educational tool for both patients and health care professionals and could potentially assist in the management of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes.
EIGENVALUE TUNNELING IN MATRIX MODELS

We investigate the nonperturbative physics of the zero-dimensional random Hermitian matrix model, using semiclassical analysis as well as orthogonal polynomials. Finite-N tunneling leads to a unique equilibration of the Dyson gas of eigenvalues and dissolves a fictitious family of N=∞ saddle points. We present a mean-field potential for the limiting multiple-arc eigenvalue distribution. The sequence of the orthogonal-polynomial recursion coefficients Rk is characterized by the critical points of the matrix potential. Its large-N limit can show regions of smooth, quasi-periodic and seemingly chaotic behavior. The tunneling competition between nondegenerate potential wells is the origin of the unpredictability.
An efficient network-based formulation for sequence dependent setup scheduling on parallel identical machines

Abstract This paper compares the efficacy of a newly developed network-based mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulation with three existing formulations for the sequence dependent setup scheduling problem with earliness/tardiness penalties. This research shows that the new model is more efficient in terms of computation time for larger multi-machine problems than the existing formulations of these problems. The mixed-integer nature of the formulation allows companies to solve this class of problems with any one of many commonly available integer programming software packages. The presented MIP formulation provides a unique and useful method of conceptualizing and modeling a practical, yet difficult, problem within industry.
Prevalence and relationships of sensory taint, 5α-androstenone and skatole in fat and lean tissue from the loin (Longissimus dorsi) of barrows, gilts, sows, and boars from selected abattoirs in the United States

Abstract This study assessed prevalence of boar taint in backfat and lean of barrows, gilts, sows, and boars, collected from abattoirs, without knowledge of the farms of origin, in different regions in the United States. Concentrations of 5α-androstenone (liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy) and skatole (liquid chromatography with fluorescent detection) in backfat were measured. A trained panel evaluated boar taint aroma in heated samples. Mean 5α-androstenone and skatole levels were low among barrows, gilts, and sows, whereas 55.8% of boars scored above a 1.0 μg/g threshold for 5α-androstenone concentrations and 34.2% were above a 0.2 μg/g threshold for skatole concentrations. Mean aroma scores for backfat and lean from barrows, gilts, and sows were low. In comparison, 59.2% of boars had elevated mean aroma scores from fat samples and 31.7% from lean. Importantly, boar taint aroma was detectable by the trained panel in at least some animals in each of the sex classes.
Laser processes for multichip module's high-density multilevel thin film packaging

Today multichip modules (MCMs) have found applications in a variety of fields including computers, telecommunication, automotive industry, and medical diagnosis devices. Lasers are being used as a processing tool for fabricating high density multilevel thin film packages for MCMs. The two most commonly practiced laser processes for multilevel thin film packaging are, laser via ablation and laser based circuit repair processes. Laser via ablation is used for creating via holes in polyimide to provide vertical connection between two adjacent layers of multilevel thin film. It is a dry, precise, and highly robust patterning technology available today in packaging industry. The three major aspects of via ablation technology are ablation process, mask technology, and tooling. IBM has pioneered the laser via ablation technology and has developed all three aspects to use it as a primary technology for via formation for thin film packages. Laser based circuit repair processes have also been developed to a mature state where they are being used on a routine basis to repair circuits in multilevel thin film packages. The need for repair of circuit arises for variety of reasons including, contamination, yield improvement, to accommodate engineering changes or to correct design errors. The commonly practiced laser based repair processes are deleting metal shorts using a laser, depositing metal using laser chemical vapor deposition technique, and stitching metal lines using laser sonic bonding technique.
Mechanisms Controlling the Sensitivity of the Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation to the Parameterization of Eddy Transports in Ocean GCMs

Abstract The authors identify and describe the important dynamical mechanisms that explain the significant sensitivity of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation to the parameterization of heat and salt transports by mesoscale eddies in numerical models. In particular, the effects of the Gent–McWilliams (GM) scheme, which has a strong flattening effect on isopycnals, and a simple horizontal diffusion scheme are considered and compared. Two control runs, one with each scheme, exhibit very different circulations and density structures. To analyze the dynamical reasons for the differences between the control runs, a number of numerical experiments with regionally varying diffusion coefficients are carried out, emphasizing the effects of different schemes in key regions. The main effect of eddies in the Southern Ocean in nature is to shoal the subsurface isopycnal surfaces, thus increasing the density of the northward inflow of relatively dense intermediate waters into the Atlantic—as will be seen, this is more...
Fluorescence studies on the active sites of proteinases

Recent studies on the interaction of several proteinases (pepsin, papain, chymotrypsin, trypsin, thermolysin) with specific substrates or inhibitors bearing a fluorescent probe group have shown that the extended active sites of these enzymes differ in their conformational flexibility. In addition the use of such extrinsic probe groups, measurements of changes in the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, and of the energy transfer from tryptophan to a probe group, have given further information about the flexibility of the active sites of proteinases.
Femtosecond spectroscopy in doped GaN

A hot carrier relaxation dynamics are studied in both n-type and p-type GaN films grown on sapphire by molecular beam epitaxy. A novel femtosecond pump-probe technique is used in which the carriers are excited by an infrared pump and the carrier dynamics are monitored by a tunable near UV probe. Complex transients, showing bleaching and induced absorption, are observed in both samples. The electron dynamics are fitted by a model in which the LO-phonon emission is the dominant energy relaxation process. The hole dynamics also have been discussed and compared to the electron dynamics. Hot phonon effects seem play a major role to reduce the effective strength of the carrier-LO phonon scattering rate in both cases.
Group Pacing: A Developmental Eclectic Approach to Group Work

The authors examine a new approach to conducting group work, which is referred to as “developmental eclecticism.” Using Loevinger's (1976) theory of ego development as a guiding force in their counseling practice, the authors present a discussion that reflects various strategies implemented in working with a group of adults in a community mental health center setting.
MO-E-BRB-06: Communicating Radiation Safety Procedures After Patient Death: Beyond Decay in Storage

Purpose: To discuss radiation safety issues that may arise in the event of death of patients who have received radiopharmaceutical therapy or a radioactive implant and to educate clinical medical physicists in specific procedures performed by pathology personnel, morgue personnel, funeral directors and crematory workers that present radiation safety risks to those workers. Also to provide guidance on lessons learned by the author in communicating appropriate radiation safety procedures to funeral professionals and working with state agencies that regulate funeral homes and crematories. Method and Materials: The author researched pathology, embalming, and cremation procedures and facilities and spent considerable time on‐site in such facilities to gain an understanding of the specific risks presented to personnel and safety precautions that are currently used (or not used). Results: The author prepared instructions to be provided to personnel in the event of the death of radiopharmaceutical therapy or radioactive implant patient to comply with state and federal radiation control regulations and ensure personnel safety. The author also provided education to local funeral directors and spoke on this subject at a state funeral directors conference. Conclusions: It is not a matter of “if” but rather “when” a clinical medical physicist at a facility performing radiopharmaceutical therapy or radioactive implant procedures will receive a call regarding radiation safety procedures for a deceased patient. It is preferable to be prepared with specific instructions and establish a relationship with your pathology laboratory, morgue, and local funeral professionals in advance than to flounder when the event occurs.
The haven ratio in the vicinity of order/disorder transitions in some two dimensional lattice gases

Abstract This paper reports on Monte Carlo results for the Haven Ratio in two square planar lattice gases. In the first, which has nearest neighbor exclusion, the Haven ratio decreases with increasing occupation, exhibits a minimum and goes to infinity at the known second-order phase transition. This is shown to be a percolation effect. In the second, which has nearest and next nearest neighbor exclusion, the Haven ratio decreases monotonically. This suggests the absence of a strong transition which is in agreement with other findings.
Pairs Rule Quantum Interference

Quantum interference is one of the most mysterious features of quantum mechanics. In fact, Feynman referred to the double-slit interference experiment for single particles as the “only” mystery in quantum mechanics ( 1 ). On page 418 of this issue, Sinha et al. ( 2 ) describe a recent experiment that shows that quantum interference from a single photon arises only from pairs of possible paths through an interferometer. There is no need to invoke additional interference terms that might arise from interactions of three or more paths.
Investigating habitat value to inform contaminant remediation options: Approach

Habitat valuation methods are most often developed and used to prioritize candidate lands for conservation. In this study the intent of habitat valuation was to inform the decision-making process for remediation of chemical contaminants on specific lands or surface water bodies. Methods were developed to summarize dimensions of habitat value for six representative aquatic and terrestrial contaminated sites at the East Tennessee Technology Park (ETTP) on the US Department of Energy Oak Ridge Reservation in Oak Ridge, TN, USA. Several general valuation metrics were developed for three broad categories: site use by groups of organisms, site rarity, and use value added from spatial context. Examples of use value metrics are taxa richness, a direct measure of number of species that inhabit an area, complexity of habitat structure, an indirect measure of potential number of species that may use the area, and land use designation, a measure of the length of time that the area will be available for use. Measures of rarity included presence of rare species or communities. Examples of metrics for habitat use value added from spatial context included similarity or complementarity of neighboring habitat patches and presence of habitat corridors. More specific metrics were developed for groups of organisms in contaminated streams, ponds, and terrestrial ecosystems. For each of these metrics, cutoff values for high, medium, and low habitat value were suggested, based on available information on distributions of organisms and landscape features, as well as habitat use information. A companion paper describes the implementation of these habitat valuation metrics and scoring criteria in the remedial investigation for ETTP.
Public Management and Case Study Methods

(1983). Public Management and Case Study Methods. Teaching Political Science: Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 6-14.
Invigoration of reward seeking by cue and proximity encoding in the nucleus accumbens

A key function of the nucleus accumbens is to promote vigorous reward seeking, but the corresponding neural mechanism has not been identified despite many years of research. Here, we study cued flexible approach behavior, a form of reward seeking that strongly depends on the accumbens, and we describe a robust, single-cell neural correlate of behavioral vigor in the excitatory response of accumbens neurons to reward-predictive cues. Well before locomotion begins, this cue-evoked excitation predicts both the movement initiation latency and the speed of subsequent flexible approach responses, but not those of stereotyped, inflexible responses. Moreover, the excitation simultaneously signals the subject's proximity to the approach target, a signal that appears to mediate greater response vigor on trials that begin with the subject closer to the target. These results demonstrate a neural mechanism for response invigoration whereby accumbens neuronal encoding of reward availability and target proximity together drive the onset and speed of reward-seeking locomotion.
Comparison of measurement and simulation of both amplitude and phase of reflected and transmitted fields in resonant Omega media

We present the measurement and the simulation results of a single-layer Omega slab and a double-layer slab in order to verify the effective properties at different slab thickness. This study establishes the accuracy of the calibration and measurement of the phases of the S-parameters and validates the homogenization procedure in the measurements. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1549–1553, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21728
Molecular constants of HCl35

Abstract Additional measurements have been made on the 1-0 and 2-0 bands of HCl 35 . The spectra were observed using an absorption tube heated to 900°C. Rotational states involving J ″ values as high as 31 were observed. In addition, lines of the 3-1, 4-2, and 5-3 bands have been observed and precisely measured. The newly observed data have been combined with our previously reported measurements on HCl 35 and analyzed. Reliable values have been obtained for the higher order rotational constants, H and L . The Dunham potential constants a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , and a 4 for HCl 35 have been calculated.
Normal values for left ventricular volume in infants and young children: questions for the authors.

To the Editor: We read with interest the recent article by Lytrivi et al. and would like to thank the investigators for this important reference material. For clarification, we hope that they will respond to these questions: 1. The units of measure used for the relationship volume/(body surface area) are expressed as mL/m. Using the rule of exponents, the exponent 2 raised to the power 1.38 should result in 2 1.38 = 2.76. Could the authors explain the derivation of the exponent used in this model? 2. Inspection of the model (Figure 2) at the extreme small end (<0.2 m) appears to show an inadequate fit, suggesting that some bias may exist in the model. Had the authors in this case considered a groupwise analysis of body surface area versus volume? In light of the recent critical appraisal of coronary artery Z score equations by Dallaire and Dahdah, it seems appropriate to reiterate their imperative: ‘‘When Z scores are computed, it is critical that their distribution be normal and that these proportions be respected across the entire population.’’
Selective brain monoamine oxidase inhibition resulting from an interaction between reversible and irreversible inhibitors.

Abstract Administration of BW 392C60 to rats before treatment with pheniprazine protects liver MAO but not brain MAO from pheniprazine. By proper selection of doses of the two drugs, it is possible to inhibit completely MAO activity in brain while maintaining high MAO activity in liver and certain other peripheral organs. Of the other long acting inhibitors tested, pargyline alone was effectively antagonized by BW 392C60, while tranylcypromine and iproniazid were only slightly affected.
The effect of cyclic AMP on the growth and morphology of a normal human fibroblast parent strain and its transformed progeny line

Abstract A normal human diploid fibroblast cell strain, Lederle 130 (Led 130), and its virus-transformed progeny line, transformed Led 130, were subjected to 0.75 and 1.5 mM concentrations of adenosine-5′-monophosphate (AMP), cyclic AMP (cAMP) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (Bt2cAMP). While cAMP was markedly inhibitory to neoplastic cells at 1.5 mM, Bt2cAMP was even more effective at this concentration, producing 85% inhibition by 4 days and 91% inhibition by 6 days. Bt2cAMP was the only nucleotide to reverse morphological transformation effects in the neoplastic fibroblasts. Normal fibroblasts were inhibited in growth rate to a comparable extent by all nucleotides, and were not altered morphologically.
Dimensões e aplicações do Orçamento de Defesa do Brasil / Dimensions and executions of the Defense Budget of Brazil

O objetivo do presente artigo e elucidar a grandeza dos recursos destinados a area militar do Brasil. Para atingir tal finalidade sao realizadas comparacoes externas – com orcamentos de outras nacoes; e internas – levando-se em conta as demais pastas da Uniao. A metodologia empregada e de analise e comparacao orcamentaria. Nos casos mais pertinentes, tambem leva-se em conta a execucao do que foi previsto. Nas consideracoes finais e apresentada a aplicacao do orcamento de Defesa do Brasil, alem de ser tracada uma analise critica acerca de suas destinacoes. ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to elucidate the size of resources devoted to the Defense of Brazil. To achieve this purpose are conducted external comparisons – with budgets of other nations; and internal comparisons – taking into account other expenses of that country. The methodology used is budget analysis. In the conclusion is presented the Defense budget execution of Brazil, besides being produced a critical analysis about this execution. Palavras-chave: Orcamento de Defesa do Brasil. Gastos Militares. Economia de Defesa. Keywords: Defense Budget of Brazil. Military Expenditures. Economics of Defense. DOI 10.12957/rmi.2014.7574 Recebido em 28 de setembro de 2013 / Received on September 28, 2013. Aceito em 31 de outubro de 2013 / Accepted on October 31, 2013.
Dermatologists Should Guard Their Patients' Purse, Not Pick Their Pockets!

Finally, a luxurious skin care product is available to dispense through your office that matches your demands for efficacy and safety, with your patient’s expectations for quality and elegance. The caliber of this product will allow you to dispense with confidence, knowing that you will meet the needs of even your most sophisticated patients, and enhance the image and prestige of your practice. At the March 1998 annual meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology in Orlando, Fla, Arro Products Ltd had an exhibition booth where they distributed a 10page catalogue that was captioned thus:
Theoretical Considerations in the Design of Multilayer X-Ray Optics

There is increasing interest in the application of multilayers to figured x-ray optics. Two concepts in design approach are presented. The requirements for image formation with a multilayer device are discussed. A geometrical approach is used. The possible affect of multilayers on image quality are studied. Models for the reflectivity of x rays by multilayers are compared briefly.
Quality of healthcare services provided in disaster shelters: An integrative literature review

Abstract Background Globally, shelters are a resource to promote critical health and safety in disasters, particularly for vulnerable populations (e.g., children, elderly, chronically ill). This study examines the nature and quality of healthcare services rendered in disaster and emergency shelters. Objectives To determine based upon systematic and accurate measurement the scope and quality of health care services rendered in disaster shelters and to describe the health outcomes experienced by shelter residents. Methods An integrative review of English-language literature pertaining to the assessment, evaluation, and systematic measurement of healthcare quality and client outcomes in disaster and emergency shelters was undertaken. Articles were identified using a structured search strategy of six databases and indexing services (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar). Results Limited literature exists pertaining specifically to metrics for quality of health care in acute disaster and emergency shelters, and the literature that does exist is predominately U.S. based. Analysis of the existing evidence suggests that nurse staffing levels and staff preparedness, access to medications/medication management, infection control, referrals, communication, and mental health may be important concepts related to quality of disaster health care services. Conclusions A small number of population-based and smaller, ad hoc outcomes-based evaluation efforts exist; however the existing literature regarding systematic outcomes-based quality assessment of disaster sheltering healthcare services is notably sparse.
Microtubule Motors: Doin’ It without Dynactin

The minus-end directed microtubule motor protein cytoplasmic dynein contributes to many aspects of cell division and it is generally believed that these mitotic functions require the dynein activator and processivity factor, dynactin. New research now shows that dynein accomplishes many of its mitotic functions without dynactin.
Use of total parenteral nutrition in the refeeding of selected patients with severe anorexia nervosa.

Objective: At present there is no consensus on how to refeed patients with severe anorexia nervosa. In these case reports, we describe two patients beset with gastrointestinal comorbidities which impaired their ability to refeed with a staged oral feeding program. The use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) facilitated their recovery. Method: We present two cases of severe anorexia nervosa, complicated by comorbid gastrointestinal disorders, which precluded them from successful refeeding using oral food calories. The treatment with TPN consisted of using a surgically placed, indwelling tunneled catheter to deliver progressively increased amounts of intravenous calories. This facilitated successful weight restoration. Conclusion: Although most patients with anorexia nervosa should be refed with a dietary program which is based on progressive increases in oral calories, TPN should be judiciously considered for patients with severe anorexia nervosa who also have medical comorbidities which preclude the usage of this standard approach. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007
“Dude, Where’s Your Face?” Self-Presentation, Self-Description, and Partner Preferences on a Social Networking Application for Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Content Analysis

The current study examined the social networking profiles of men who have sex with men on the popular application Jack’d in order to survey how they self-present, as well as how they describe their partner preferences. Using online disinhibition as a theoretical framework, emphasis was on how men frame their own and others’ masculinity/femininity, age, race, and body type or fitness level. Results indicated that men tended to privilege masculinity, to visually present themselves semi-clothed, and to mention fitness or bodies in the text of their profile. Analysis also revealed that more than 1 in 5 men used a face-absent main profile photo. Significant differences were found based upon the race and weight of profile users.
How to play a coloring game against a color-blind adversary

We study the problem of conflict-free (CF) coloring of a set of points in the plane, in an online fashion, with respect to halfplanes, nearly-equal axis-parallel rectangles, and congruent disks. As a warm-up exercise, the online CF coloring of points on the line with respect to intervals is also considered. We present randomized algorithms in the oblivious adversary model, where the adversary does not see the colors used. For the problems considered, the algorithms always produce valid CF colorings, and use O(logn) colors with high probability (these bounds are optimal in the worst case). Our randomized online algorithms are considerably simpler than previous algorithms for this problem and use fewer colors.We also present a deterministic algorithm for the CF coloring of points in the plane with respect to nearly-equal axis-parallel rectangles, using O(polylog(n)) colors. This is the first efficient deterministic online CF coloring algorithm for this problem.
Impact of Heat Stress on the Fecal Shedding Patterns of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium DT104 and Salmonella enterica Infantis by 5-Week-Old Male Broilers

The objective of this study was to determine if there is an impact of heat stress of broiler chickens on number and survival of two types of Salmonella shed in the chicken's feces after an oral challenge. The data from this study indicate that heat stress did not result in higher levels or longer survival of Salmonella spp. shed in feces. It is possible that the duration or intensity of the heat stress employed was not sufficient or that heat stress does not alter the number or survivability for these particular strains of Salmonella spp. Feces stored at room temperature after collection, resulted in the numbers of both strains of Salmonella increasing by one to three logs in the first week. This finding indicates that there could be an increase in environmental contamination under certain conditions.
Does body and fin form affect the maneuverability of fish traversing vertical and horizontal slits

The purpose of this study was to determine if body and fin form affected the maneuverability of teleostean fishes as measured by their ability to negotiate simple obstacles. Obstacles were vertical and horizontal rectangular slits of different widths, for which width was defined as the minimum dimension of a slit irrespective of slit orientation. Performance was measured as the smallest slit width traversed. Three species with different body and fin patterns were induced to swim through slits. Species tested were; goldfish Carassius auratus with a fusiform body, anterio-ventral pectoral fins and posterio-ventral pelvic fins; silver dollars Metynnis hypsauchen with the same fin configurations but a gibbose body; angelfish Pterophyllum scalare with a gibbose body and anterio-lateral pectoral fins. Minimum slit widths negotiated were normalized with the length of various body dimensions: total length, maximum width, span at the pectoral fins, and volume1/3 (numerically equal to mass1/3). Goldfish had the poorest performance, requiring the largest slit widths relative to these body dimensions. No consistent patterns in performance were found for silver dollars vs. angelfish. There were no differences among species in the ratio of minimum vertical slit width negotiated to that for horizontal slits, indicating fish were equally able to control posture while swimming on their sides. There were also no consistent patterns in the times taken to transit slits. Although the deep-bodied fish were able to maneuver through smaller slits, the most striking result is the similarity of minimum slit widths traversed in spite of the large variation in body form. Body form and fin plan may be more important for maneuvering and posture control during sub-maximum routine activities.
High-resolution depth profiling of ultrathin gate oxides using medium-energy ion scattering

Abstract Medium-energy ion scattering (MEIS) has been used to characterize the composition of ultrathin gate dielectrics. Examples covering investigations on silicon-oxides and oxynitrides as well as high-dielectric constant (high- K ) films on silicon substrates are discussed, with special emphasis on understanding film growth. In the MEIS spectra obtained from ultrathin films, the signals from different oxygen and nitrogen isotopes are well separated. By analyzing samples that have undergone different thermal processing steps in gases of different isotopes, both growth mechanisms and also atomic exchange effects can therefore be monitored directly. For various high- K dielectric films, we found that oxygen-isotope exchange is significant even at temperatures below 500°C. This may point to a serious limitation for the application of such materials as gate dielectrics in semiconductor devices.
Adaptive Decentralized Routing in Small-World Networks

We study routing in a small-world network modeled by an augmented grid, where Kleinberg's expected polylog bound offers a theoretical explanation for the empirically observed efficiency of greedy routing. We improve upon greedy through decentralized machine learning, using (local) ensembles of experts to choose routing edges and learn from feedback. In experiments with both synthetic and real networks, we observe improvements over greedy routing even when nodes are blind (do not know their neighbors' locations) or a fraction of nodes are uncooperative.
Urinary marking in male house mice: responses to novel environmental and social stimuli.

Abstract The frequency of urinary marking by male house mice was investigated in two-chambered cages during exposure to either novel or familiar social or other environmental cues. In four experiments isolated males marked at high rates during their first exposure to the test cage (300–400 marks/hr), but showed significant habituation during subsequent testing (100–200 marks/hr on the fourth daily test). Marking frequency increased significantly when test-habituated males were placed in the presence of (in order of decreasing effectiveness): estrous females, ovariectomized females, castrate males, intact males, deermouse males, or male mouse urine. When all experiments were considered, however, there was little evidence that the various stimulus animals differentially affected marking rates. Male house mice also readily habituated to the presence of another male. Such male-habituated males then displayed a significant, but not dramatic, elevation of marking in the presence of an estrous female or a male deermouse, but they were totally unresponsive to the presence of a strange, test-habituated male. The results establish the importance of physical and/or biological novelty in eliciting urinary marking in male Mus.