cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinship interaction and communications among space-age migrants.

This research examines the nature of kinship interaction and communication among migrant families residing in the Cape Kennedy region of east-central Florida. The argument that individuals who are strongly attached to their extended families will be reluctant to move even if better jobs are available elsewhere was not supported, albeit indirectly, by this research. Similarly, there was little in the data for this sample to support the notion that the location of kin influences the directional pattern of migration. The proposition that geographic mobility leads more than any other factor to an attenuation of extended kinship interaction was substantiated. The corollary hypothesis that extended family identification can be maintained despite geographical mobility was also confirmed. The notion that kinship relations can be sustained over great geographical distances because modern communicative networks minimize the socially disruptive effects of that distance appears to be well founded. Parental ties are a crucial factor in sustaining the web of kinship. Whenever such ties are severed, particularly through the death of the parental mother, the concomitant result is a weakening of ties with the larger kin group. The data clearly support the hypothesis that women are the primary actors in maintaining contact and communication with extended family members.
Atypical Ovarian Hyperthecosis in a Virilized Postmenopausal Woman

Ovarian venous concentrations of testosterone (18.7 ng/mL and 8.2 ng/mL) were three to six times higher than the peripheral concentrations (2,8 ng/mL) in a hirsute postmenopausal woman. She had cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium and atypical hyperthecosis of the ovary. Postoperatively, the testosterone levels returned to normal. From the results of the immunoperoxidase reaction, the luteinized stromal cells of the ovaries were the site of increased production of the testosterone and e&tradiol. By the same technic, these cells were negative for LH but strongly positive for FSH. From these data, the authors conclude that the luteinized cells were the primary source of the excessive testosterone, that the same cells were the direct and indirect (by peripheral testosterone conversion) source of estradiol, that LH was very likely not involved in the process of steroid hormone production, and that FSH may be the trophic stimulus responsible for the functional activity of the luteinized stromal cells in this virilized postmenopausal woman.
On Regular Markov Chains

(1985). On Regular Markov Chains. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 92, No. 2, pp. 146-146.
Algorithms in the Diagnosis and Management of Exotic Diseases. XXI. Liver, Intestinal, and Lung Flukes

Trematodes or flukes are parasitic flatworms with a unique life cycle involving sexual reproduction in the human definitive host and asexual reproduction in the intermediate host, the snail. These organisms are characterized by their final habitats in the definitive host according to the following four anatomic categories: (1) the bisexual blood flukes (Schistosoma), which live in the intestinal or vesicle venules and infect man by direct penetration through the skin [1]; (2) the hermaphroditic liver flukes, which reside in the bile ducts and infect man by ingestion of watercress (Fasciola) or raw fish (Clonorchis and Opisthorchis); (3) the hermaphroditic intestinal fluke (Fasciolopsis), which infects man by ingestion of water chestnuts; and (4) the hermaphroditic lung fluke (Paragonimus), which infects man by ingestion of raw crabs or crayfish. The trematodes have unique geographic distributions related either to the presence of their snail intermediate hosts or the dietary habits of the human definitive host.
Effects of Smart Phone Using Behaviors on College Students' Subjective Well-being

Based on the theories of technology acceptance and subjective well-being,a model was built to explore the factors that affect students' smart phone using behaviors.It was found that perceived usefulness,perceived ease of use,attitude and meta-motivation have significant effects on college students' smart phone using behaviors,and demographic factors have certain impacts as well.Smart phone using behaviors exert significant effects on college students' satisfied utility and subjective well-being.The average daily time of smart phone use is significantly positively related to satisfied utility and subjective well-being,and the years of smart phone use are also significantly positively related to subjective well-being.Given the above results,it was suggested that APPs that have positive effects on subjective well-being should be developed,the share of educational resources should be maximized and the educational management should be implemented effectively.
Preharvest aminoethoxyvinylglycine spray efficacy in improving storability of ‘Bartlett’ pears is affected by application rate, timing, and fruit harvest maturity

Abstract ‘Bartlett’ pear fruit has a relatively short storage life due to increased ethylene production induced by cold storage. The effects of preharvest aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) (an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor) spray rate and timing on storability of ‘Bartlett’ pear fruit at three harvest maturities [H1: control fruit firmness (CFF) ≈ 84.5 N; H2: 12 d after H1 when CFF ≈ 76.0 N; and H3: 17 d after H1 when CFF ≈ 73.4 N] were measured with respect to ethylene production, storage quality and ripening capacity during 5 months of storage at −1.1 °C. Compared to non-treated control, AVG at 60 mg L −1 applied 1 week before H1 (WBH1) suppressed ethylene production, respiration rate, reductions in fruit firmness and green color, and reduced senescence disorders (e.g., by 81.5% and 54.0%) while maintaining ripening capacity for H1 and H2 fruit. Compared to 60 mg L −1 , AVG at 120 mg L −1 applied 1WBH1 had similar effects on storage quality but delayed ripening capacity by one month. AVG at 30 mg L −1 applied 1 WBH1 and 120 mg L −1 applied 2 WBH1 had little effect on any of the storage responses measured. AVG treatment did not affect ethylene production or storage quality of H3 fruit. AVG at 60–120 mg L −1 applied 1 WBH1 and 120 mg L −1 applied 2 WBH1 did not affect the initial harvest maturity (H1), but delayed fruit maturation on the tree by 5–7 d. These results suggest that preharvest AVG treatment efficacy on extending harvest window and reducing storage losses of ‘Bartlett’ pear is influenced by application rate, timing and fruit harvest maturity.
The influence of a dynamic elastic garment on musculoskeletal and respiratory wellness in computer users.

Background. Evidence is growing that computer users are at increased risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders, particularly those involving the upper extremity, with significant financial cost and lost productivity. Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term effects of wearing a dynamic elastic garment (Posture Shirt; AlignMed, USA) on musculoskeletal wellness and health in the computer workplace. Methods. Ninety-six computer users were evaluated. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire was completed. A functional assessment of posture, lung function, and grip strength was performed after wearing the Posture Shirt for 4 weeks. A training log was kept to track usage of the garment, as well as weekly sensations of fatigue, productivity, and energy level. Results. After 4 weeks, there was statistically significant improvement in forward shoulder and head posture, thoracic kyphosis, and grip strength. Improvements in spirometry measures did not meet st...
Head and neck surgery.

Most complications in head and neck surgery can be defined in terms of blood vessel and nerve involvement. It is from this perspective that the complications in surgery in and about the mouth and pharynx, parotid region, and neck (exclusive of the thyroid region) will be discussed.
Underweight, smoking, exercise and mortality in women.

OBJECTIVES: Conflicting findings on the relation between body mass index and/or obesity and mortality have been recently reported. The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between being underweight (BMI < 19), as well as behavioral practices and medical conditions, and mortality in women. METHODS: Statistical analyses, on data from 5398 college-educated women who participated by responding to a self-administered mailed questionnaire that included questions about medical history, weight and behavioral practices, were carried out to estimate risk ratios for the association of low BMI as well as other factors and mortality. RESULTS: The mean BMI was 21.60, standard deviation 2.76, the median 21.03. Only 1.5% was obese. In a 15-year follow-up 259 deaths were reported. Underweight women, BMIs less than 19, who comprised 12% of the sample, had higher mortality women than women with BMIs 19 or higher. The age-adjusted odds ratio is: 1.80, 95% CI (1.16, 2.76), p=0.007; the multivariable adjusted OR=1.79, 95% CI (1.17, 2.75), =0.008. Not surprisingly, a major behavioral risk factor associated with mortality was smoking. CONCLUSION: These findings show that low BMI is associated with mortality, independent of behavioral practices and medical conditions. Further, currently smoking is a major risk factor for mortality independent of weight or BMI.
53 – Models for the Study of Pancreatitis

A large number of experimental models have been developed for studies involving pancreatitis. Each of these models has its advantages as well as its disadvantages. To a great extent, the choice of an appropriate model for use is determined by the nature of the question being asked. The noninvasive models, because of their simplicity and high level of reproducibility, are ideally suited for studies directed at characterizing cell biological events that lead to cell injury. The in vivo invasive models, particularly the ductinjection model of Aho et al. and the opossum duct ligation model, are attractive because they appear to be clinically relevant in terms of their etiology and they lead to severe pancreatitis, permitting studies evaluating local as well as systemic complications of pancreatitis. It is hoped that models relating long-term ethanol exposure to the development of chronic pancreatitis will be developed because, at present, no adequate model of chronic pancreatitis is available.
Bound Magnetic Polarons in Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors

These notes develop the semi-classical theory of bound magnetic polarons (BMP) and use it to calculate their thermodynamic properties, such as energy, susceptibility, etc. The theory demonstrates that the polaron evolves continuously from a high temperature, fluctuation-dominated regime to a low temperature, collective state with large net moment (20–50μ B ). In the simplest cases (donor — BMP in materials such as Cd 1− x Mn x Se with small x), the theory is in good agreement with optical experiments that determine microscopic properties of the polaron. To date, there is no theory of the acceptor — BMP that fully incorporates valence band degeneracy. However, hydrogenic models are in fair agreement with experiment, and demonstrate saturation of the acceptor — BMP below 20K.
INTRACORONARY RADIATION USING RADIOISOTOPE SOLUTION-FILLED BALLOONS

A substantial body of experimental evidence suggests that local application of radiation at sites of angioplasty or stent implantation prevents neointima formation. Recent initial clinical studies report a significant reduction in clinical restenosis rates when gamma emitting radiation sources are used to treat the site of coronary intervention. Because of the energy of therapeutic gamma sources and the shielding requirements, it would be far preferable to deliver ionizing radiation using a local beta emitter. This report discusses a number of the physical, biological, and technical parameters involved in radiation from a balloon angioplasty catheter filled with a beta emitting radioisotope solution.
Improving interactive video in ad-hoc networks using path diversity

We propose a mechanism that combines retransmission-based error control with path diversity, to provide different levels of protection to interactive video in ad-hoc networks. The mechanism factors in the importance of the retransmitted packets to the reconstructed video quality as well as the end-to-end latency constraints to minimize the overhead and maximize the reconstructed video quality at the receiver. Simulation results show that the proposed retransmission mechanism maintains the video quality under different loss rates and with less overhead compared to error control methods that depend on controlling the intra-update rate. In addition, the mechanism is shown to be more robust to wireless losses than schemes that combine layered coding with path diversity.
Thermal neutron source location using a 3-D position-sensitive CdZnTe detector array

A method for the location of a far-field thermal neutron source using an array of eighteen 2 × 2 × 1.5 cm3 position-sensitive CdZnTe detectors has been proposed. The relative intensity of 558 keV 113 Cd capture γ rays emitted from the outward-facing surfaces of each detector in the array was estimated via Compton imaging. The detector response to thermal neutrons was simulated using Geant4 and stored in a response matrix. The estimated location was the least squared difference between simulated and measured detector responses. Eight measurements of a 1 Ci 239PuBe neutron source moderated by paraffin were used to demonstrate the performance of this method, which was limited by the chosen size of the system matrix and mismatch between measurement and simulation.
Hybrid (Organic/Inorganic) Electrodes from Bacterially Precipitated CdS for PEC/Storage Applications

Hybrid organic–inorganic compounds are receiving increasing attention for photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices due to their high electron transport efficiency and facile synthesis. Biosynthesis is a potentially low-cost and eco-friendly method to precipitate transition-metal-based semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) in an organic matrix. In this work, we examine the structure and composition of bacterially precipitated (BAC) cadmium sulfide (CdS) NPs using electron microscopy, and we determine their PEC properties and the energy band structure by electrochemical measurements. In addition, by taking advantage of the organic matrix, which is residual from the biosynthesis process, we fabricate a prototype photocharged capacitor electrode by incorporating the bacterially precipitated CdS with a reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheet. Our results show that the hydrophilic groups associated with the organic matrix make BAC CdS NPs a potentially useful component of PEC devices with applications for energy conversion an...
Embryology and anatomy of the ear

External ear anomalies are common and range from mild asymmetries to severe deformity or complete lack of external ear development. An in-depth knowledge of the developmental stages and embryology allows for an understanding of patterns of ear malformation. Here we review the embryology of the ear as well as the anatomy of a normally formed ear as a preface for discussing reconstruction in future chapters of this issue.
Examination of the reliability of the crash modification factors using empirical Bayes method with resampling technique

Abstract There have been plenty of studies intended to use different methods, for example, empirical Bayes before–after methods, to get accurate estimation of CMFs. All of them have different assumptions toward crash count if there was no treatment. Additionally, another major assumption is that multiple sites share the same true CMF. Under this assumption, the CMF at an individual intersection is randomly drawn from a normally distributed population of CMFs at all intersections. Since CMFs are non-zero values, the population of all CMFs might not follow normal distributions, and even if it does, the true mean of CMFs at some intersections may be different from that at others. Therefore, a bootstrap method based on before–after empirical Bayes theory was proposed to estimate CMFs, but it did not make distributional assumptions. This bootstrap procedure has the added benefit of producing a measure of CMF stability. Furthermore, based on the bootstrapped CMF, a new CMF precision rating method was proposed to evaluate the reliability of CMFs. This study chose 29 urban four-legged intersections as treated sites, and their controls were changed from stop-controlled to signal-controlled. Meanwhile, 124 urban four-legged stop-controlled intersections were selected as reference sites. At first, different safety performance functions (SPFs) were applied to five crash categories, and it was found that each crash category had different optimal SPF form. Then, the CMFs of these five crash categories were estimated using the bootstrap empirical Bayes method. The results of the bootstrapped method showed that signalization significantly decreased Angle + Left-Turn crashes, and its CMF had the highest precision. While, the CMF for Rear-End crashes was unreliable. For KABCO, KABC, and KAB crashes, their CMFs were proved to be reliable for the majority of intersections, but the estimated effect of signalization may be not accurate at some sites.
An Application of High Fidelity FTDs for Ab Initio Pilot Training: The Way Ahead

Decreases in simulation costs and increases in aircraft training costs led to the need for further investigation into the application of simulation-based training. Researchers conducted an eighteen-month study using ab initio student pilots as participants. This study applied a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) approved, Part 142, flight-training curriculum that included 60% flight training device (FTD) use. Researchers identified five causal factors that warranted further investigation. The causal factors identified were visual fidelity, procedural similarity, dynamic flight environment, difficulty of task, and visual scanning and response. These causal factors have the potential to affect transfer of training (ToT) from simulated flight to aircraft flight. Steps are being taken to optimize training while considering the causal factors.
Transmembrane allosteric energetics characterization for strong coupling between proton and potassium ion binding in the KcsA channel.

The slow spontaneous inactivation of potassium channels exhibits classic signatures of transmembrane allostery. A variety of data support a model in which the loss of K+ ions from the selectivity filter is a major factor in promoting inactivation, which defeats transmission, and is allosterically coupled to protonation of key channel activation residues, more than 30 A from the K+ ion binding site. We show that proton binding at the intracellular pH sensor perturbs the potassium affinity at the extracellular selectivity filter by more than three orders of magnitude for the full-length wild-type KcsA, a pH-gated bacterial channel, in membrane bilayers. Studies of F103 in the hinge of the inner helix suggest an important role for its bulky sidechain in the allosteric mechanism; we show that the energetic strength of coupling of the gates is strongly altered when this residue is mutated to alanine. These results provide quantitative site-specific measurements of allostery in a bilayer environment, and highlight the power of describing ion channel gating through the lens of allosteric coupling.
HfSe 2 and ZrSe 2 : Two-dimensional semiconductors with native high-κ oxides.

The success of silicon as a dominant semiconductor technology has been enabled by its moderate band gap (1.1 eV), permitting low-voltage operation at reduced leakage current, and the existence of SiO2 as a high-quality "native" insulator. In contrast, other mainstream semiconductors lack stable oxides and must rely on deposited insulators, presenting numerous compatibility challenges. We demonstrate that layered two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors HfSe2 and ZrSe2 have band gaps of 0.9 to 1.2 eV (bulk to monolayer) and technologically desirable "high-κ" native dielectrics HfO2 and ZrO2, respectively. We use spectroscopic and computational studies to elucidate their electronic band structure and then fabricate air-stable transistors down to three-layer thickness with careful processing and dielectric encapsulation. Electronic measurements reveal promising performance (on/off ratio > 106; on current, ~30 μA/μm), with native oxides reducing the effects of interfacial traps. These are the first 2D materials to demonstrate technologically relevant properties of silicon, in addition to unique compatibility with high-κ dielectrics, and scaling benefits from their atomically thin nature.
Conceptual strategies and inter-theory relations: The case of nanoscale cracks

Abstract This paper introduces a new account of inter-theory relations in physics, which I call the conceptual strategies account. Using the example of a multiscale computer simulation model of nanoscale crack propagation in silicon, I illustrate this account and contrast it with existing reductive, emergent, and handshaking approaches. The conceptual strategies account develops the notion that relations among physical theories, and among their models, are constrained but not dictated by limitations from physics, mathematics, and computation, and that conceptual reasoning within those limits is required both to generate and to understand the relations between theories. Conceptual strategies result in a variety of types of relations between theories and models. These relations are themselves epistemic objects, like theories and models, and as such are an under-recognized part of the epistemic landscape of science.
G372(P) Improving cdu for patients, families and medical professionals; a multi-stream quantitative and qualitative project

Aim Identify and improve limitations to patient flow, patient and staff experience in the Clinical Decision Unit (CDU-analogous to PAU) in a tertiary children’s hospital. Methods and Outcomes Quantitative data Trends of attendance: hours, days, week and months. The monthly attendance of patients ranged from 382 in July to 716 in December, indicating 200% variation. The daily attendance peaks twice around 12 and 6 pm, a trend maintained throughout the year. Key times Average time to triage ranged 4 to 25 min, and junior review 74 to 168 min, increasing thoughout the day. Average time to senior review ranged from 50 to 72 min, least when 2 senior personnel present (between 2–6pm) 20% (32/156) patients were non-urgent reviews, 20% were ED/tertiary care reviews from other ED’s.Qualitative data (key findings); Surveys with approval of the patient experience team.Patient survey (n=22) 80% pleased with nursing care, medical care, overall experience 55% agreed that their child was seen in timely fashionNursing Survey (n=29) 27%–60% surveyed agreed they could undertake observations, interventions, discharge or transfer in a timely manner. 30%–58% agreed they enjoyed working in CDU or felt well supportedPractitioner survey 50%–66% agreed patients received observations, intervention, discharge or transfer in a timely manner. 81% agreed lack of nursing support affects patient experienceBig 6Identified and developed management guidelines for commonest conditions, and gained approval by CCG for implementation in primary care. Changes implemented Rearrangement of consultant shifts Additional CDU registrar Deployment of additional nurse from the ED pool as a floater to allow seamless and timely intervention and transfer or discharge. Consideration of a phone advice service. Development of Big 6 Conclusion Our data helped to lever changes towards improving flow, patient and staff experience. We undertook this significant exercise in one summer, implementing changes to improve the patient and staff journey in readiness for the winter. We aim to repeat our key times and surveys to measure the improvement.
Does Part D abet advantageous selection in Medicare Advantage

Abstract The use of risk-adjustment formulae in setting payments to Medicare Advantage (MA) plans reduces the potential for advantageous selection on factors included in the formulae, but can theoretically worsen overall selection if plans are able to target beneficiaries based on excluded factors. Since MA medical risk-adjustment excludes prescription drug utilization, demand for drugs can be exploited by plans to induce advantageous selection. We show evidence that the introduction of Medicare Part D provided a mechanism for MA plans to increase selection, and that consumers responded, increasing MA market shares among beneficiaries taking drugs associated with the strongest advantageous selection incentives. For the average Medicare beneficiary in our sample, we estimate that this change in advantageous selection following the introduction of Medicare Part D increased the probability of enrolling in an MA plan by about 7.1%.
A simple and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of eggmanone in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetics.

Abstract Allosteric phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors are highly sought after due to their important anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer therapeutic effects. We recently identified Eggmanone, an extraordinarily selective allosteric PDE4 inhibitor displaying favorable drug properties. However, a specific analytic method of Eggmanone in serum and its pharmacokinetics have not been reported yet. In this study, we developed a rapid and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric (HPLC–MS/MS) method to determine Eggmanone concentrations in rat plasma. This assay method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, recovery and stability, and was applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats following intravenous injection of Eggmanone at doses of 1 and 3 mg/kg. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of this assay was 5 ng/mL and the linear calibration curve was acquired with R2 > 0.99 between 5 and 1000 ng/m. The intra-day and inter-day precision was evaluated with the coefficient of variations less than 11.09%, whereas the mean accuracy ranged from 98.38% to 105.13%. The assay method exhibited good recovery and negligible matrix effect. The samples were stable under all the experimental conditions. The plasma concentrations of Eggmanone were detected and quantified over 24 h with the terminal elimination half-live of 3.57 ± 1.80 h and 5.92 ± 3.34 h for the low dose (1 mg/kg) and high dose (3 mg/kg) respectively. In summary, the present method provides a robust, fast and sensitive analytical approach for quantification of Eggmanone in plasma and was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats.
Leveraging Online Communities to Support the Brand and Develop the Community

While numerous organizations and consumers utilize interactive online marketing activities (e.g., creating discussion forums, having brainstorming sessions, and running surveys) to interact with th...
On the role of retinoic acid in virus induced inflammatory response in cornea.

Abstract Ocular infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) can result in a chronic immune inflammatory lesion that is a significant cause of human blindness. A key to controlling stromal keratitis (SK) lesion severity is to identify cellular and molecular events responsible for tissue damage and to counteract them. One potentially useful approach to achieve such therapy is Retinoic Acid (RA). Here we show that RA therapy reduces the severity of SK by having inhibitory effects on the T effector subtypes responsible for orchestrating SK. RA also served to stabilize the function of regulatory T cell (Treg) which counteract inflammatory cell activity. The Treg stabilizing effect was demonstrated by in vitro studies where RA was shown to retain Foxp3 expression when exposed to proinflammatory conditions such as IL-12 and IL-6+TGF-β. in vivo studies revealed that RA exerted its stabilizing effects by downregulating IL-6R expression on Treg after HSV-1 infection and this helped to control the progression of SK. Since the therapy was effective when used both early and after the initiation of lesions, it may represent a valuable means of therapy when used alone or along with additional therapies.
Introduction: Deciding Where to Begin

Many people underestimate how difficult scientific writing is. One aspect that makes scientific writing difficult is the inherent complexity of the subject matter. Some subjects such as eddies in a turbulent flow are complex because they are so random. Other subjects such as the double helix structure of DNA are complex because they are so intricate. Still other subjects such as the quantum orbits of electrons are complex because they are so abstract.
Cider vinegar rules

Experiments in wind tunnels have shed light on the rules that govern how flies respond when they detect odors.
Lost in legation: the gap between rhetoric and reality in international human rights law governing women’s rights

This article weaves together insights from political science, human rights scholarship, feminist legal theory, and other critical perspectives to explore the limits of global legalism as a primary ...
The relations among outness, authenticity, and well-being for bisexual adults.

Outness, a proximal minority stressor for sexual minority people, demonstrated inconsistent relationships with well-being. A possible explanation for these varied findings is that characteristics of one’s sexual minority identity (e.g. identity prominence) moderate the relationship between proximal stressors and mental health outcomes. Newly studied, authenticity may be considered a characteristic of sexual minority identity and thereby influence the outness-well-being relationship. Additionally, a majority of research has examined the influence of minority stressors on the experiences of lesbians and gay men, and few studies have investigated the unique experiences of bisexual individuals. The present study examined the influence of outness (as a sexual minority and specifically as bisexual) and authenticity on bisexual adults’ well-being, and whether authenticity moderated or mediated the relationship between outness and well-being. Four-hundred and fifty bisexual participants completed an online survey. Regression analyses revealed that bisexual disclosure positively predicted well-being when controlling for sexual minority disclosure, whereas bisexual concealment did not predict well-being when controlling for sexual minority concealment. Authenticity partially mediated the relationship between bisexual disclosure and well-being, and it mediated the relationship between bisexual concealment and well-being. Authenticity did not moderate either the relationship between bisexual disclosure and well-being, nor the relationship between bisexual concealment and well-being. Results further our understanding of bisexual individuals’ mental health, particularly in regards to the influence of bisexual disclosure and concealment.
Investigation of the Self-Cooling Characteristics of a Novel Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machine

The objective of this paper is to investigate the self-cooling performance of a novel integrated flux-switching PM (FSPM) machine with the airfoil-shaped rotor. The rotor of the proposed integrated machine is functioning as both a rotor of the motor as well as an axial fan. It rotates to draw air from the ambient into the rotor and accelerate the flow through the rotor stage. The high-speed flow provides forced convection to the rotor, stator, windings, and magnets. Therefore, self-cooling is achieved. Accounting for manufacturing challenges of the airfoil blades, 3-D printed blade caps are designed and assembled over the laminated rotor poles for the airfoil-shaped rotor. In this work, electromagnetic performance is verified by 3-D finite element analysis (FEA). The convective heat transfer coefficients are calculated by analytical methods using Taylor-Couette flow and numerical simulations by 3-D computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The effect of encapsulations on the windings will also be investigated accounting for effective thermal conductivity and in-slot heat transfer from the winding to the stator.
Structural Strength Analysis and Fabrication of a Straight Blade of an H-Darrieus Wind Turbine

Small H-Darrieus wind turbines have become popular in the wind power market because of their many advantages, which include simplicity of design, low construction costs, and they are thought to represent an adequate solution even in unconventional installation regions. The blade is generally considered as the most important component of the wind turbine system because it controls the efficiency of the turbine. The blade structure must be designed to support the difficult environmental conditions (e.g., wind, and snow) encountered during the operational life of the wind turbine. This current study uses three-dimensional (3D) modeling and structural strength analysis to fabricate two straight blades (aluminum and galvanized steel) for a small H-Darrieus wind turbine. The 3D modeling of the blade structure is performed using SolidWorks, a computer-aided design (CAD) software package, and the structural strength analysis uses the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) technique to identify the stiffness, resistance, and reliability of the blade structure. The simulation results obtained indicate that no structural failures are predicted for either of the two structures tested because the factors of safety are larger than one, and the all maximum deflections are within the allowable deformation limits for the materials. Manufacturing processes for the two structures are described.
Impact of electrode thick spot irregularities on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell initial performance

Abstract Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells have great potential for power generation in many applications, but to implement them on a larger scale, understanding of quality requirements, tolerances, and controls during manufacturing must improve. As part of this broad challenge, irregularities resulting from the membrane electrode assembly production process must be studied to determine if they impact the performance of the cell. One potential irregularity is a locally increased thickness of the coated or deposited electrode. In order to understand and provide insight into the impact of such irregularities, we intentionally created thick spots in the center of cathode electrodes. The thick spots fabricated by two different approaches were carefully characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The impact of the thick spots on the electrochemically active catalyst area and mass activity was minimal. However, specific electrode thick spot irregularities significantly impacted the mass transport properties of the cells. Based on SEM analysis, the likely cause of the performance drop is morphological changes associated with the creation of the thick spot irregularity. Spatial performance results obtained with a segmented cell system further indicated that the area of the performance impact exceeded that of the intentionally created thick spot.
Artificial Neural Networks and Fault Injection Attacks.

This chapter is on the security assessment of artificial intelligence (AI) and neural network (NN) accelerators in the face of fault injection attacks. More specifically, it discusses the assets on these platforms and compares them with ones known and well-studied in the field of cryptographic systems. This is a crucial step that must be taken in order to define the threat models precisely. With respect to that, fault attacks mounted on NNs and AI accelerators are explored.
Influence of Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes on Mental Health in Adults: A Single-Center Study

People with cystic fibrosis (CF) are predisposed to chronic conditions, such as CF-related diabetes (CFRD). Recent attention has been focused on the addition of screening for anxiety and depression in the CF population. Independently, CFRD and mental health conditions are associated with worse clinical outcomes; however, research assessing the impact of both conditions together is limited. We aimed to characterize the association between CFRD and selected diagnoses of anxiety or depressive disorders on clinical outcomes in adults with CF. A single-center, retrospective, cross-sectional study in adult patients with CF was performed. Group comparisons included selected diagnoses of depression, anxiety, and CFRD using two-sample t-tests or rank-sum tests for continuous variables, and Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables. A total of 209 adults were enrolled (mean age of 31.4 ± 11.4 years). Those with a selected diagnoses of depression had a significantly higher proportion of CFRD than those without depression (48% vs. 28%, respectively, p = 0.005), and CFRD was associated with increased odds of depression [OR (CI) = 2.33 (1.28, 4.26), p = 0.006]. We did not see a higher proportion of adults with CFRD and selected diagnoses of anxiety than those without anxiety (41% vs. 31% respectively, p = 0.12), nor an increased odds of anxiety in those with CFRD [OR (CI) = 1.58 (0.88, 2.84), p = 0.12]. We show a significant association between CFRD and selected diagnoses of depression in a cohort of adult patients.
Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica)

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is a herbaceous plant cultivated annually, being considered oleaginous due to the high oil content, which corresponds to 30–40% of the seed, being rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly omega-3 (linolenic acid, 54–67%), higher than in any known plant source, and omega-6 (linoleic acid, 12–21%) fatty acids. Consumption of the essential fatty acids present in chia seeds is associated with the prevention of various chronic diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. This oil can be extracted by various techniques and can be encapsulated through micro- and nanoencapsulation to provide the incorporation and preservation of fatty acids in foods. However, commercially available foods and scientific studies concentrate on the addition of whole chia seed, mainly in bakery products. In addition to the high oil content, the chia seed presents high protein content and dietary fiber, evidencing its high potential as a functional food.
Fluid dynamics of millefiori: Mixing ferrofluid with watercolor

This paper is associated with a poster winner of a 2019 American Physical Society's Division of Fluid Dynamics (DFD) Milton van Dyke Award for work presented at the DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion. The original poster is available online at the Gallery of Fluid Motion, https://doi.org/10.1103/APS.DFD.2019.GFM.P0034.
How Do Cross-Country Regulatory Systems Affect Poverty? Reviewing a World Bank Policy Research Working Paper

The relationship between regulation and economic outcomes is a longstanding question in economic analysis. Considering the underlying foundations of good regulatory systems — such as their effectiveness at enforcing contracts or permitting business creation — is critical for spurring improvements in economic opportunity. A March 2019 Policy Research Working Paper for the World Bank Group examines how “business-friendly” regulations and their enforcement affect poverty at the country level. This review analyzes the paper’s main claims, examines its methodology, and recommends ways to make improvements. While the paper contributes to the literature on how country-level regulatory characteristics affect poverty, it makes strong claims that are not fully supported by the results or methodology. Modifying the analysis could enhance the findings and expand the paper’s contribution to the literature on country-level determinants of poverty. Rather than offering a clear path forward to addressing poverty, the World Bank working paper is better seen as a starting point for further research.
‘Here and There, Then and Now’: Envisioning a Palimpsest Methodology

Black feminisms challenge Western conceptions of linearity as an optic for understanding the experiences of Black folx in the United States social imaginary. As such, this article centers the under...
Nonlinear multi-photon laser wave-mixing optical detection in microarrays and microchips for ultrasensitive detection and separation of biomarkers for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases

Multi-photon degenerate four-wave mixing is demonstrated as an ultrasensitive absorption-based optical method for detection, separation and identification of biomarker proteins in the development of early diagnostic methods for HIV- 1, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases using compact, portable microarrays and capillary- or microchip-based chemical separation systems that offer high chemical specificity levels. The wave-mixing signal has a quadratic dependence on concentration, and hence, it allows more reliable monitoring of smaller changes in analyte properties. Our wave-mixing detection sensitivity is comparable or better than those of current methods including enzyme-linked immunoassay for clinical diagnostic and screening. Detection sensitivity is excellent since the wave-mixing signal is a coherent laser-like beam that can be collected with virtually 100% collection efficiency with high S/N. Our analysis time is short (1-15 minutes) for molecular weight-based protein separation as compared to that of a conventional separation technique, e.g., sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. When ultrasensitive wavemixing detection is paired with high-resolution capillary- or microchip-based separation systems, biomarkers can be separated and identified at the zepto- and yocto-mole levels for a wide range of analytes. Specific analytes can be captured in a microchannel through the use of antibody-antigen interactions that provide better chemical specificity as compared to size-based separation alone. The technique can also be combined with immune-precipitation and a multichannel capillary array for high-throughput analysis of more complex protein samples. Wave mixing allows the use of chromophores and absorption-modifying tags, in addition to conventional fluorophores, for online detection of immunecomplexes related to cancer.
Self-Consistent Calculations of the Lattice Modes of Solid Nitrogen

Recently considerable interest has been shown in the lattice modes of solid nitrogen. The librational and translational modes at k = 0 have been measured by Raman and infrared scattering.1,2 Solid nitrogen is observed in three phases: the α-phase, with an fcc molecular lattice, the hcp β-phase, and the body-centered tetragonal γ-phase. The space group for α-N2 is P213; however, the distortions from a Pa3 structure are very small.3 The α—β transition at zero pressure occurs at 35.6°K. This transition is accompanied by considerable anharmonicity in the librational modes.3,4 In the α phase all lines broaden substantially with increasing temperature. The frequency of the most intense line at about 32 cm−1 is found to decrease above about 20°K and to soften markedly near T αβ. Similar behavior is observed for the translational modes.
Do Unto Others? Conversational Moves and Perceptions of Attentiveness toward Other Face in Accounting Sequences between Friends.

Despite a widespread acknowledgement of the relationship between account offerings and facework, little research has provided evidence showing that different types of accounting moves actually foster diverse assessments of attentiveness to face. Following Goffman (1955, 1967), we coded the primary types of challenges, offerings, and evaluations from interactions between friends who discussed a previous failure event by the speaker. We analyzed the codes - and the complexity of the sequences - for differences in participants' judgments of attentiveness toward other-face. Not every accounting form resulted in significant differences; nevertheless, either the speakers or their partners perceived most forms differently in some way. Additionally, elicitors viewed more complex (i.e., longer) account sequences as less attentive to their own negative face, but accounters viewed more complex (i.e., more varied) offerings as more attentive to others' negative face. Qualitative analyses revealed additional discourse forms that may count as offerings and evaluations, including a more direct form of self-oriented facework, requests for advice from the accounter, rejections of account suggestions, and requests for information and acceptance.
Circulating immune complexes in pregnancy, preeclampsia, and autoimmune diseases: Evaluation of Raji cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polyethylene glycol precipitation methods

Sera from 86 individuals were tested for circulating immune complexes by the polyethylene glycol precipitation method and a Raji cell enzyme immunoassay (Raji-ELISA). These included normal nonpregnant control subjects, nonpregnant patients with autoimmune diseases, healthy women in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, patients with preeclampsia, and women with pregnancies complicated by preexisting autoimmune diseases. Diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis were associated with increased levels of immune complexes in both pregnant and nonpregnant individuals. Circulating immune complexes were not observed in normal pregnancies or in preeclampsia. Although pregnancy itself is not an immune complex-associated state, the presence of immune complexes in autoimmune diseases may explain some of the complications observed during pregnancy in these patients.
Themes of Thought and Thinking

The Nature of Cognition . Robert J. Sternberg, Ed. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1999. 746 pp. $60. ISBN 0-262-19405-8. Paper, $35. ISBN 0-262-69212-0. The contributors present a series of essays that approach cognition in terms of conceptual themes in such aspects as the variety of kinds of cognition and alternative methods of studying it.
The Synthesis and Analysis of Variable-Valve-Timing Mechanisms for Internal-Combustion Engines

In recent times, the emphasis on increased vehicle fuel economy has spurred considerable interest in the development of variable-valve-timing (VVT) mechanisms for internal-combustion engines. This investigation focuses on the determination of the kinematic structure and the creative design of VVT mechanisms. Following a review of some representative existing VVT mechanisms, several potentially useful, proposed VVT configurations are described; one of these is proportioned and analyzed in some detail
Parental coping and posttraumatic stress symptoms among pediatric cancer populations: tests of competing models

Objective The objective of this study is to examine the relation between parental coping style and the risk of parental and child posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among pediatric cancer survivors. Methods Child survivors of cancer ranging from 6 to 16 years of age (N = 111) completed standardized measures of depression and PTSS, while their parents completed standardized measures of PTSS and coping styles. Results Correlational analyses revealed that active and passive coping strategies were positively related to parental PTSS. Although child and parental PTSS were significantly related to each other, only one parental coping strategy—using substances—was significantly related to child PTSS. Regression analyses revealed support for a mediation and not for a moderation model for this relation, thereby suggesting that the relation between parental and child PTSS is mediated by parental substance use. Conclusions Clinical implications including identifying risk factors for PTSS among pediatric cancer survivors are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proposed GASB Rules Show Why Only Market Valuation Fully Captures Public Pension Liabilities

The Governmental Accounting Standards Board has released preliminary views on how public sector pension plans should value benefit liabilities. Because the GASB’s proposals ignore government’s contingent liability to pay plan benefits should assets fall short, they omit the full value of plan liabilities and contradict the GASB’s own standard of “interperiod equity.”