cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of a novel Sertoli cell gene product SERT that influences follicle stimulating hormone actions

Sertoli cells provide the cytoarchitectural support and microenvironment necessary for the process of spermatogenesis and have a central role in male sex determination. Characterization of Sertoli cell specific gene products provides insight into the unique functions of this testicular cell type. The current study reports the identification of a novel Sertoli cell gene product that is termed Sertoli cell specific gene (SERT). The SERT cDNA sequence shows no homology to any of the known gene sequences in the GenBank database. Some homology was found with short sequences in the expressed sequence tag (EST) database. A motif analysis demonstrates a signature to an RNA binding protein sex lethal (sx1) involved in Drosophila sex determination. The expression pattern of SERT was examined with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern blot analysis. SERT expression was found to be specific to the testis and absent in other tissues examined. In the testis, the approximate 1.5-kb SERT transcript was localized to the Sertoli cells. A 1.1-kb spliced form of SERT was also identified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. The genomic structure analysis demonstrates the presence of at least three exons with 85% sequence homology between mouse and rat sequences. Treatment of cultured Sertoli cells with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) significantly increased the expression of SERT mRNA levels. The potential role of SERT in Sertoli cell function was investigated with the use of a transferrin promoter reporter construct. Transferrin expression is a marker of Sertoli cell differentiated function. An antisense oligonucleotide to SERT significantly inhibited FSH and cAMP induced transferrin promoter activation, while control oligonucleotides had no effect. In summary, a novel gene product expressed primarily by Sertoli cells, SERT, was identified with a potential RNA binding protein motif similar to sex lethal that appears to have a role in maintaining hormone (e.g. FSH) actions in Sertoli cells.
Hysteria and the Camera in Letter from an Unknown Woman

The 1948 Max Ophuls film Letter from an Unknown Woman exemplifies the “women's film” genre of the 1940s. Paradigmatically melodramatic, these films featured female lead characters with whom the aud...
Dendritic Polystyrene with Hydroxyl-Functionalized Branch Points by Convergent Living Anionic Polymerization

Dendritic polystyrene with hydroxyl functional groups at each branch point was synthesized using convergent living anionic polymerization. The polymer samples were formed by the slow addition of a 1/10 molar mixture of 4-vinylstyrene oxide/styrene to living polystyryllithium chains in a benzene/THF solution. The 4-vinylstyrene oxide contains both a vinyl group, which can undergo anionic vinyl addition polymerization, and an epoxide moiety, which can undergo a ring-opening addition reaction to result in an unreactive or terminated lithium alkoxide. The extent of generational growth for the dendritic polymers was calculated by molecular weight analysis and by titration of hydroxyl groups to determine generations as high as 3.8 and polymers with up to 14 hydroxyl groups situated at the branch points. Addition of LiCl to the benzene/THF solutions containing polystyryllithium chains resulted in the highest generational growth of the polymers. The polymers were characterized using gel permeation chromatography ...
Thermopower measurements on bismuth from 9K down to 40 mK

Reports the first ultra-low temperature thermopower measurements on bismuth samples of various orientations, including a preliminary study in a small transverse magnetic field. Cooling is provided by a dilution refrigerator, and the thermoelectric voltage is detected using a SQUID null detector. Phonon drag makes a dominant contribution to the thermopower throughout the whole temperature interval investigated. Negative minima are observed on all samples around 0.3 to 0.4K. The position of the positive maxima above 1K seems to correlate with the limiting wavevector of those phonons which can interact with carriers for each particular sample orientation. A large negative phonon drag thermopower of about -10 mu V K-1 is observed in the bisectrix direction near 4K. The present data and those of J Boxus and J-P Issi indicate that the phonon drag thermopower near 4K is intrinsically negative in the basal plane of bismuth.
Application of interaction models to complexes of sulfur dioxide

Abstract Intermolecular interaction models which include electrostatic, dispersion and repulsion terms were used to predict the structure of a number of sulfur dioxide dimers. The models combine a distributed multipole analysis (to represent the electrostatic contribution) with atom-atom potential terms (to represent the dispersion and repulsion terms). It is concluded that the simple Buckingham-Fowler electrostatic model performs as well as, or better than, the models investigated in this study in many cases.
Effect of written text on usage of newton's third law

This article reports on a study that investigated novice students' rules for determining which of two objects exerted the greater force on the other. Subjects worked five paper-and-pencil task sets depicting different objects interacting with each other. For each situation they were asked to identify which of the two objects was exerting the stronger force on the other. Each subject worked the task sets under one of three conditions: with no aid, with a written statement describing forces as interactions that always occur in pairs, or with a written statement of Newton's third law. The vast majority of the subjects in the study used procedures (rules) which could be identified. There were significant differences in the patterns of usage of the various rules between those who received no written statement and those who received the statement of Newton's third law. The primary difference between the two groups was in the usage of a rule (All Equal) which produced the same response sequence as Newton's third law. However, only 29% of those who received the Newton's third law handout used the All Equal rule on all five task sets. There were no significant differences in usage of the All Equal rule between those who had had high school physics and those who had not. Strong evidence was found to contradict the idea that the subjects who failed to used the All Equal rule simply did not read the written statement properly. The results of this study have implications for learning from text.
Three-dimensional natural convection in an enclosed vertical rod bundle with mixed boundary conditions

Abstract Numerical solutions in boundary-fitted coordinates are presented for the problem of three-dimensional natural convection in an enclosed vertical rod bundle. The rod bundle is composed of seven hot rods placed in an isothermal cold hexagonal enclosure with the rod surfaces heated under uniform heat flux conditions. Flow fields and temperature distributions are obtained for Rayleigh numbers up to 10 8 and a Prandtl number of 0.7; the aspect ratio of vertical to horizontal dimensions is set at the value of unity. The distributions of velocities and isotherms are presented. The effect of natural convection on local and average boundary temperatures as well as on heat transfer coefficients is examined. With an increase in the Rayleigh number, the rods tend to achieve nearly the same average boundary temperature, or consequently the same overall heat transfer coefficient. It is demonstrated that in the boundary-layer regime, the Nusselt and Rayleigh numbers can well be correlated with Nu = cRa 1/4 , which coincides with that for a vertical rectangular channel. The results are compared with those for an isothermal rod bundle to examine the effect of boundary conditions on the flow distribution and heat transfer.
Hard deadline queueing system with application to unified messaging service

We consider a queueing system with jobs having hard deadlines. This is motivated by recent emerging unified messaging service applications. The service time of a job is assumed to be known upon arrival. A job will be lost if not being served by its deadline. For the single-server system, we propose an on-line ED-Push algorithm that is easy to implement and can achieve near-optimal performance in terms of minimizing the loss probability. Performance analyses for the underlying M/M/l+D and G/D/1+D systems are then provided. We also give approximation on the loss probability for the system with multiple servers under least workload routing scheme. The numerical results show that ED-Push algorithm performs well.
Characterization of brominated and bromo/chloro dibenzo--dioxins and dibenzofurans by gas chromatography/matrix isolation-infrared spectrometry

Abstract Reference matrix isolation-infrared (MI-IR) spectra of selected tetrabrominated dibenzo- p -dioxins (DDs), tetrabrominated dibenzofurans (DFs), and mixed bromo/chloro DDs and DFs were recorded and compared to MI-IR spectra of the corresponding fully chlorinated DDs and DFs. The MI-IR absorption bands for the fully brominated and mixed bromo/chloro DDs and DFs exhibit changes in relative intensity and in some cases shift to lower frequencies compared to their fully chlorinated analogs. The capabilities of MI-IR spectrometry for discriminating between positional isomers, which are often difficult to separate chromatographically and to distinguish by high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS), are also demonstrated.
Use of methylene blue as a simulant for the physical properties of cocaine HCl and heroin HCl

Technological challenges in the development and testing of illicit narcotics include assuring safety of researchers and operations personnel from drug exposure, assessing the efficiency of sampling and sample handling, checking for artifacts introduced by field procedures, and maintaining quality control/quality assurance. The dye methylene blue was chosen as a simulant for cocaine HCl and heroin HCl. The similarities include the presence of fused ring systems, molecular weights over 300 g/mol, and melting points between 200 and 300 degrees C. A significant difference is that methylene blue has a much lower solubility in water than cocaine HCl and heroin HCl. Experiments have been conducted to successfully increase the solubility of the simulant to match those of cocaine HCl and heroin HCl by adding solidum methyl sulfate.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Tensile properties of polyethylene blends

Binary and ternary blends were prepared from low, medium, and high density polyethylene. The tensile properties of these materials indicated that the blends formed either compatible or semi-compatible mixtures. One of the ternary blends exhibited a slight synergism in properties which could be partially attributed to an enhancement in crystallinity. Such blends may have practical utility by yielding materials having a combination of strength, stiffness, and toughness.
Slavery Before Race: Europeans, Africans, and Indians at Long Island's Sylvester Manor Plantation, 1651–1884/Black Slaves, Indian Masters: Slavery, Emancipation, and Citizenship in the Native American South

The scholarly study of slavery and coerced forms of labor has never been more vibrant. Over the past two decades, humanists and social scientists have continually added to our collective understand...
The effects of regulation on public sector labor relations: Theory and evidence

This paper assesses the effects of public sector collective bargaining laws on employee unionization, the bargaining process and bargaining outcomes, including pay, benefits and nonmonetary aspects of employment. Although several specific effects — positive and negative, direct and indirect — of regulation in this area have been reported by researchers, most studies do not deal adequately with the issues of model specification or simultaneity, thus calling their validity into question.
Divalent Cations Can Induce the Exposure of GroEL Hydrophobic Surfaces and Strengthen GroEL Hydrophobic Binding Interactions NOVEL EFFECTS OF Zn2+ GroEL INTERACTIONS

Abstract Fluorescent and non-fluorescent probes have been used to show that divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+) significantly increase hydrophobic exposure on GroEL, whereas monovalent cations (K+ and Na+) have little effect. Zn2+ always induced the largest amount of hydrophobic exposure on GroEL. By using a new method based on interactions of GroEL with octyl-Sepharose, it was demonstrated that Zn2+ binding strengthens GroEL hydrophobic binding interactions and increases the efficiency of substrate release upon the addition of MgATP and GroES. The binding of 4,4′-bis(1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonic acid) to GroEL in the presence of Zn2+ has a K d ≅ 1 μm, which is similar to that observed previously for the GroEL 4,4′-bis(1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonic acid) complex. Urea denaturation, sedimentation velocity ultracentrifugation, and electron microscopy revealed that the quaternary structure of GroEL in the presence of Zn2+ had a stability and morphology equivalent to unliganded GroEL. In contrast, circular dichroism suggested some loss in both α-helical and β-sheet secondary structure in the presence of Zn2+. These data suggest that divalent cations can modulate the amount of hydrophobic surface presented by GroEL. Furthermore, the influence of Zn2+ on GroEL hydrophobic surface exposure as well as substrate binding and release appears to be distinct from the stabilizing effects of Mg2+ on GroEL quaternary structure.
Effectiveness of hypertonic saline-dextran 70 for initial fluid resuscitation of major burns.

Small-volume resuscitation (4 ml/kg) with hypertonic saline-dextran (HSD) has been shown effective in hemorrhagic shock. In the present study the effectiveness of an initial 4 ml/kg bolus infusion of HSD on cardiovascular function and fluid resuscitation requirements after a major burn injury was evaluated in anesthetized sheep following a 40% BSA scald burn. One hour after injury resuscitation was initiated by a rapid intravenous bolus infusion (4 ml/kg) of either hypertonic saline-dextran (7.5% NaCl in 6% dextran 70) (HSD) or the same volume of normal (isotonic) saline (NS). Lactated Ringer's was later infused as needed to maintain cardiac output at 90% of baseline. HSD rapidly and effectively restored cardiac output and mean arterial pressure significantly better than the same volume of NS. Hemodynamic improvement by HSD was short lived, and need for further fluid therapy was only marginally delayed (HSD 38 +/- 8 min, NS 20 +/- 3 min; p = 0.06) (mean +/- SEM). The total requirements for fluid therapy during the first 6 hr postburn were not reduced by the initial HSD bolus (HSD 3,145 +/- 605 ml, NS 2,905 +/- 495 ml; n.s.), nor was skin edema formation reduced. We conclude that in anesthetized sheep HSD resuscitation was only transiently effective in treating burn shock. This may be attributed to the sustained increase in vascular permeability and continued plasma leak following thermal injury.
Potential mechanisms of improved left ventricular function with enoximone in severe congestive heart failure.

Abstract Enoximone, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is a potent inotropic vasodilator agent that causes a marked improvement in systemic hemodynamics in patients with severe chronic congestive heart failure. Cardiac index, stroke volume index and stroke work index increase, and there is a significant decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Left ventricular dP dt increases, despite a decrease in arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance and without any significant change in heart rate, indicating a positive inotropic effect. A marked decrease in systemic vascular resistance indicates that decreased left ventricular outflow resistance resulting from peripheral vasodilation also contributes to improvement in left ventricular function. In some patients, left ventricular end-diastolic volume increases despite a marked decrease In pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, suggesting an improvement in apparent left ventricular compliance, which may also be contributory to improved left ventricular function.
Oxygen Consumption of Two Strains of Rainbow Trout Reared at Four Densities with Supplemental Oxygen

Abstract Dissolved oxygen (DO) consumption, concentrations of ammonia and carbon dioxide, and pH were monitored in two studies with wild and domesticated strains of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Each strain was reared at four densities for 4–5 months during which supplemental oxygen was added to maintain between 6 and 7 mg DO/L in the effluent water. As fish became larger, their DO consumption decreased. No differences in average DO consumption of rainbow trout were caused by the different rearing densities for each 2-week period. During the study, rainbow trout of the wild Eagle Lake strain and domesticated Arlee strain consumed DO at an average rate of 213 (SD, 45) and 233 (SD, 47) mg/kg of fish per hour, respectively. There were two periods of daily maximum DO consumption – during the first daily feeding and after the last daily feeding. The daily DO consumption averaged 190 g/kg of feed (SD, 22) for fish of the Eagle Lake strain and 241 g/kg of feed (SD, 30) for the Arlee strain. Neither ammoni...
The Use Of Paraxial Solves In Lens Design

Paraxial solves are used to maintain some first-order property of an optical system (such as image position or paraxial ray angle) at a predetermined value by adjusting the curvature or thickness for a specified surface. Solves simplify the specification of an optical system and remove side constraints from the merit function for image quality. The application of paraxial solves is referenced to the program style of ACCOS V. The various types of paraxial solves allowed by ACCOS V are discussed first. Several new solves are intro-duced. One of these is a yy solve that permits optical systems to be specified by a yy diagram. Another new solve sets the curvature of a surface to maintain a specified value of paraxial ray height at the following surface. Examples of application of these solves are given. Familiarity with ACCOS V is assumed.© (1978) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Increased surface glycoconjugates of synaptic membranes in mice during chronic ethanol treatment

Synaptosomal plasma membranes from mice treated chronically with ethanol were incubated with galactose oxidase and [3H]-sodium borohydride, in order to label the exposed galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine groups of glycoconjugates. The ethanol treatment approximately doubled the amount of exposed sugars. This change may be related to previously observed alterations in the physical properties of neuronal membranes in ethanol-treated mice.
High pressure transport and structural studies on Nb3Ga superconductor

Abstract The crystal structure of A-15 superconductor Nb 3 Ga with a critical temperature T c =16.5 K has been investigated by high pressure x-ray diffraction (HPXRD) using synchrotron x-rays and a diamond anvil cell under Ne pressure medium. The high pressure structural results indicate that Nb 3 Ga is stable up to 41 GPa. The P – V plot shows an anomaly around 15 GPa even though there are no pressure induced structural transitions are observed. High pressure resistance measurements were performed up to 0.5 GPa to understand the variation of T c under pressure. Our results show a positive pressure effect on T c .
Veratrum alkaloids XL. The structure of escholerine, a hypotensive ester alkaloid

The structure of escholerine has been elucidated. Synthesis of protoverine 3-angelate 6,7-diacetate 15- l -2′-methylburyrate afforded a product identical with escholerine.
Electrogoniometer for the Measurement of Human Elbow Joint Rotation

Since the electrogoniometric method has been justified for the measurement of lower extremity joint motion, a similar device is developed for the measurement of elbow joint and forearm rotations. In this design, the axis of forearm rotation coincides with the anatomical axis which eliminates the cross talk existing in the regular triaxial goniometer. Although the axis of abduction-adduction is still offset from the elbow joint, special linkage arrangement was used to obtain equivalent motion. Experimental method was used to validate the accuracy of the device and model simulation was performed to emphasize the importance of accurate placement of the instrument on test subjects. Application of the present apparatus to normal subjects was studied to illustrate the range of elbow motion required in performing normal activities of daily living. This device is currently used in the functional evaluation of patients with elbow and forearm problems.
Effects of 0.05% Chlorhexidine Lavage on the Tarsocrural Joints of Horses

In six horses, a 0.05% solution of chlorhexidine diacetate was used to lavage one tarsocrural joint; the contralateral control joint was lavaged with lactated Ringer's solution. Horses were evaluated daily for lameness. Synovial fluid samples were collected on days 1, 4, and 8 for determination of protein concentration, total and differential leukocyte counts, and mucin clot formation. After death on day 8, synovium and osteochondral samples were collected from the tarsocrural joints for examination of morphology and proteoglycan staining. Lavage with chlorhexidine solution caused lameness that was reduced but still evident at day 8. Synovial protein concentration was significantly increased by chlorhexidine lavage; the greatest increase occurred on day 1. Joint lavage increased synovial leukocyte counts on day 1, primarily by increasing polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell counts. Although total synovial leukocyte counts returned to normal by day 4, PMN cell counts remained elevated through day 8; PMN cell counts for chlorhexidine-lavaged joints were typically twice that of control joints. Chlorhexidine lavage caused synovial ulceration, inflammation, and abundant fibrin accumulation. Consistent differences in proteoglycan staining were not detected between control and chlorhexidine-lavaged joints. Joint lavage with 0.05% chlorhexidine diacetate, the lowest known bactericidal concentration, is not recommended for equine joints.
Extending the Student Qualitative Undertaking Involvement Risk Model

The Student Qualitative Undertaking Involvement Risk Model (SQUIRM) was designed to facilitate the determination of the impact of using student (or inexperienced) workers, on a project. The model identifies several prospective categories of risk. It, then, discusses the risk potential and source and provides a limited consideration of how to mitigate this risk. The risk sources considered included those specific to student (inexperienced worker) involvement, standard risks and standard risk sources which are enhanced by the use of student (inexperienced) workers. This paper presents a qualitative assessment framework and begins the process of quantifying the model. The difference between the use of students (in an academic or industrial setting) versus inexperienced workers is also considered. The base model is presented and extended by further tracing the risk sources back, using root cause analysis techniques. The application of the base and extended models to various projects is discussed. Considerations in choosing which model to use for a given application are also presented. The paper concludes by presenting a value model for considering student (inexperienced worker) involvement benefits versus associated risks, and the differences in the risk reward ratio between academic, internship and junior worker scenarios.
On the nature of the α → γ transformation in iron: A study of whiskers

Abstract Observations of the α → γ transformation in iron whiskers suggest that the transformation can occur martensitically rather then by nucleation-and-growth. In whiskers less than 50μ in width, a well-defined shape change and α → γ habit plane were observed. These features were successfully predicted by the phenomenological theory of martensite formatipn. Superheating of the whiskers was observed, and there were indications that the α → γ transformation can be nucleated by structural imperfections. The well-defined α → γ transformation shape change was not observed for large whiskers, or for small whiskers which were contaminated, deformed, br previously transformed. It is suggested that “normal” nucleation-and-growth transformations can occur martensitically if the degree of superheating is high enough.
Ground reaction force bilateral asymmetries during submaximal sagittal plane lifting from the floor

Abstract Twenty-eight healthy men ( n = 14 ) and women ( n = 14 ) lifted a milk crate in the sagittal plane from floor to knuckle height ten times using a symmetric stance in order to determine if asymmetries were both present and consistent within a lifting bout. Mean ground reaction forces under each foot were compared over the entire lift, an initial unweighting phase during the countermovement, a weighting phase, and a final unweighting phase when coming to a stop in the upright standing position. Paired t-tests with p 0.05 were used to determine individual asymmetries in vertical, anterior/posterior, and medial/lateral forces. After verifying that there were no significant differences between genders, subjects were grouped to determine if kicking leg was related to the asymmetry. Over the entire lift, 75.0% of the subjects were statistically asymmetric in the vertical direction, 7.1% in the anterior/posterior, and 96.4% in the medial/lateral. Reduced levels of asymmetry were observed in the phases in the vertical and medial/lateral directions while slightly more were asymmetric in the anterior/posterior direction. Separating by kicking leg yielded significant differences only in the medial/lateral forces (all phases as well as the entire lift). In conclusion, even in subjects with no reason to be asymmetric, asymmetries in the ground reaction forces are more likely the norm rather than the exception. However, assessing based on kicking leg alone will most likely not predict the side with greater forces. Relevance to industry Unilateral injuries have recently been shown to cause changes in spinal kinematics which may prove to be a risk factor for future low-back pain and injury. Based on the findings of the current investigation, if asymmetries are a risk factor, even healthy people with certain asymmetries may be predisposed to future pain and injury.
Silicon Microelectrodes with Flexible Integrated Cables for Neural Implant Applications

This paper describes two different cable structures that can be integrated with silicon microprobes and fabricated using etch-stops and a wet release at wafer level. One is a serpentine silicon ribbon cable and the other is a parylene cable. They provide highly flexible biocompatible interconnects between the implanted microelectrodes and implanted or external microsystems. Silicon microelectrodes integrated with these cable structures demonstrate consistent and reliable neural recording both acutely and chronically.
Factors influencing faculty perceptions of teaching workload

Abstract Background Teaching workloads are often not clearly defined at academic institutions. Within health professional programs, the existence of both didactic and experiential teaching assignments make equitable distribution of teaching workloads more complex. Several reports in the literature have described the development of workload allocation formulas that have been predicted to improve faculty perceptions of fairness. Additional factors such as faculty shortage and lack of teaching support can influence faculty perceptions of workload. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the presence of workload measurement and allocation formulas and faculty satisfaction with workload. A secondary objective was to investigate the influence of several factors such as teaching support on workload dissatisfaction. Methods Upper level administrators at six schools of pharmacy were interviewed in order to identify variables associated with workload assignments. This information was incorporated into a survey instrument to access faculty perceptions of teaching workload, and a link to the survey was sent via email to 690 faculty members at 12 pharmacy schools, with a request for their participation. Results The survey response rate was 43%. Conclusions The presence of workload measurement and workload allocation formulas were indicated by 37% and 14% of the respondents, respectively. The ability to participate in teaching schedule development appeared to improve workload satisfaction, whereas the presence of a workload allocation formula appeared to improve workload satisfaction and perceptions of fairness. A shortage of teaching support was the major factor associated with teaching workload dissatisfaction.
An Interdisciplinary Fetal/Neonatal Neurology Program

A fetal/neonatal neurology program should encompass interdisciplinary service, educational and research objectives, merging curricula concerning maternal, placental, fetal and neonatal contributions to brain health and disease. This approach is anchored by research in early life programming that demonstrates that prenatal and postnatal factors influence long-term neurologic health. This concept also supports the design of neuroprotective interventions during critical periods of brain development when brain circuitries more optimally adapt to maturational challenges. Preventive, rescue and repair protocols will transform pediatric medical practices, to promote improved childhood outcomes. Inclusion of life-course science and research will identify medical and socioeconomic factors that favorably or adversely affect quality of life into adulthood. Greater awareness of the convergence of developmental origins of brain health and disease and developmental aging theories will influence public health policies, to encourage financial support for programs that will improve the quality of life for the child and adult.
The Structure and Properties of Arnel 60—A New Cellulose Triacetate Staple Fiber1

A new cellulose triacetate staple fiber, Arnel 60, is undergoing development. This fiber has tensile strength in excess of 2 g./den. and elongation of about 25% which imparts higher strength to spun yarns and permits the spinning and use of much finer counts, since fiber deniers as low as 1.5 can be utilized. The wet and hot wet mechanical properties of Arnel 60 are also improved over Arnel staple, suggesting improved wash ability and ease-of-care performance. The improvement in mechanical properties is ascribed to increased orientation and a narrower molecular tautness distribution. Un like Arnel, the fiber has a rough textured surface which provides a natural semidull luster and gives, in conjunction with natural crimp, sufficient cohesiveness for fiber processing. Arnel 60 is similar to Arnel in heat settability, ironing and glazing per formance, dimensional stability, dyeing behavior, and dyefastness.
Predicting Handwriting Performance of Early Elementary Students with the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration:

The purpose of this study was to examine use of the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration in predicting handwriting performance of early elementary students and the contribution of sex. An additional purpose was to examine whether successful completion of the first nine figures or the oblique cross from the test predicted handwriting. 101 children were tested at the beginning of their kindergarten year and again in the middle of the first-grade year on the Scale of Children's Readiness In PrinTing (SCRIPT). The VMI kindergarten scores did not significantly predict first-grade SCRIPT scores for the sample as a whole. When boys and girls were considered separately. VMI scores predicted handwriting SCRIPT scores for girls, but accounted for only 10% of the variance. Successful performance on the first nine VMI figures was significantly associated with handwriting for girls but not boys, while the oblique cross did not significantly predict handwriting performance. These results do not provide clear support for administration of the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration during kindergarten as a tool to identify children at risk for handwriting difficulties.
Fishtail on a line technique for capsular tension ring insertion.

We describe a capsular tension ring (CTR) insertion technique that is a modification of the previously described fishtail technique. A suture line is used to pull the leading eyelet out through the main incision to form the fish configuration. Similar to the fishtail technique, this insertion technique minimizes the risk for zonular damage or a capsule tear because the CTR is not dialed into the capsular bag. The advantage of the suture line is that it prevents over bending of the CTR during insertion through the main incision, which can occur using the traditional fishtail technique. Financial Disclosure Neither author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
INFLUENCE OF FLOOD WATERS ON SURVIVAL, REPRODUCTION, AND HABITAT USE OF WHITE-TAILED DEER IN THE FLORIDA EVERGLADES

Abstract Human alterations of the hydrologic regime during the past century have threatened the integrity of the subtropical Everglades. The monumental government-sponsored effort that is currently underway to restore the structure and function of this ecosystem has the rebirth of reasonably natural water flows as a major focus. However, this wet season-dry season system also is hostage to natural rainfall events and frequent tropical cyclones, which periodically cause severe flooding. This study examined the effect of severe high water levels, resulting from above normal summer rainfall and a fall tropical storm in 1994–1995, on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus seminolus), an important prey base for the endangered Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) and other endemic carnivores. Flood waters at depths exceeding 60 cm, the generally accepted depth at which deer mobility is compromised, existed from November 1994 through the early half of 1995. Of 51 radiocollared deer alive at the onset of the ...
GROUP PERSONALITY COMPOSITION AND GROUP EFFECTIVENESS An Integrative Review of Empirical Research

This review examines relationships between group personality composition (GPC) and group effectiveness, focusing on four questions: (a) How have researchers operationalized GPC? (b) What criteria have been used as measures of group effectiveness? (c) Is GPC related to group effectiveness? (d) Under what conditions is GPC associated with group effectiveness? A review of 31 studies yielding 334 unique relationships distinguished task and relationship predictors and criteria. Findings indicate operational definitions of GPC are varied, variance scores correlate negatively with group effectiveness, and minimum scores predict as well as mean scores. GPC is related to group effectiveness, and the effect is stronger in field studies than lab studies. Implications are discussed.
Actualizing “Professional Altruism”: A Comparison of Home Health Care and Hospice Social Workers

The Medicare home health benefit and the Medicare Hospice Benefit (HMB) differ significantly in social work coverage, with social work being only 1%-2% of national Medicare home health visits compared to about 10% of national HMB visits. There has been some research on the frustrations of home care and hospice social workers. However, there is no research that compares home care and hospice social workers. The article presents results of convenience sample interviews of 34 home care social workers and 42 hospice social workers in New York City from August 2006 to October 2007. The analysis finds that, in contrast to home health social workers, hospice social workers feel more able to actualize their altruism professionally; their professional training is more relevant to actual practice; their patients and caregivers have fewer unmet psychosocial needs; and their care is less constrained, and actually enhanced to a great extent, by payer requirements.
Diagnostic role of fine-needle aspiration of bone lesions in patients with a previous history of malignancy.

At the present time fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is considered a routine diagnostic procedure in evaluating neoplastic vs. nonneoplastic lesions in many organs, with high sensitivity and specificity. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of FNA in areas of diagnostic difficulty and its limitations in evaluating bone lesions in patients with a previous history of malignancy. From 1989 to 2000, 249 CT-guided FNAs of bone lesion were performed at our institutions; 187/249 (75.1%) patients had a previous history of malignancy. Aspirated material was air-dried for Diff-Quik stain or fixed in ethanol for Papanicolaou staining. Subsequent surgical tissue was available in 69/187 (36.9%) of the cases. There were 114 males and 73 females, ages 14-86 yr (mean, 64 yr). The primary tumor site was lung 49, genitourinary 46, breast 31, gastrointestinal 28, hematopoietic 26, soft tissue/skin 5, and thyroid 2. There were 125 FNAs of the vertebral spine, 19 from the pelvis, 11 from the ribs, 9 from the sternum, 5 from the femur, and 18 from miscellaneous bone sites. Out of 187, 166 (88.7%) were malignant aspirates confirming the patients' primary malignancies. The most common malignancy encountered was adenocarcinoma, 126/187 (67.4%). Surgical tissue was available for review in 69 patients and the results were in agreement with the FNAs diagnosis in all cases. Nine out of 187 (4.8%) cases were diagnosed as marrow elements on cytological material. These patients have been followed for 1-9 yr and have failed to reveal signs or symptoms of clinical recurrence. Three out of 187 (1.6%) cases showed osteomyelitis. Nine out of 187 (4.8%) were unsatisfactory specimens, with biopsy follow-up available in four cases, showing three metastatic tumors and one case of osteomyelitis. FNA of metastatic bone lesions is a major step in pretreatment diagnosis. On satisfactory specimens, the cytological diagnosis viewed in the clinical-radiological context proves to be similar to surgical diagnosis. FNA is an excellent technique with a high accuracy rate in assessing metastatic bone lesions.
Classification of Simulated And Actual NOAA-6 AVHRR Data for Hydrologic Land-Surface Feature Definition

Current ground hydrology models (GHM's) require global distribution of bare soil and vegetation, the physical and thermal properties of soil, and the physiological and physical properties of plants to parameterize evaporation and the sensible heat flux from the land surfaces. Thus the ability to infer vegetative cover, and to some extent vegetation type, is hydrologically important because of the relationship between vegetation and evapotranspiration through the process of root-zone soil-moisture extraction. LANDSAT digital data degraded to approximately 1 km and NOAA-6 digital data have been used to study the capability and problems associated with the use of low-resolution data to provide land-surface information such as forest, grassland, agriculture, bare, urban, and water. Three LANDSAT scenes and a subscene from a NOAA-6 pass were classified using supervised and unsupervised techniques. The LANDSAT data were used initially to study classification techniques and ascertain problems associated with large-scale classification prior to the receipt of NOAA-6 data. Comparisons between the LANDSAT supervised classification (?ground truth?) and the unsupervised classification resulted in percentage differences between the cover types of generally less than 10 percent. The Advanced Very Hign Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) results were similar to the LANDSAT. In both cases there was no statistical difference between the supervised and unsupervised results. The major problem encountered was consistent labeling of the various landcover categories derived by the classification methods.
Transformation of higher education: the transdisciplinary approach in engineering

Educational programs face many difficulties because of the rapid change of technology in today's environment. The potential for educational programs based on the transdisciplinary model is discussed in order to address and overcome these difficulties. A closer relationship with industry in developing educational programs is suggested. Finally, a new transdisciplinary master of engineering program, developed jointly by industry and the Institute for Design and Advanced Technology at Texas Tech University, is described.
Regulation of pancreas development by hedgehog signaling.

Pancreas organogenesis is regulated by the interaction of distinct signaling pathways that promote or restrict morphogenesis and cell differentiation. Previous work has shown that activin, a TGF(beta+) signaling molecule, permits pancreas development by repressing expression of Sonic hedgehog (Shh), a member of the hedgehog family of signaling molecules that antagonize pancreas development. Here we show that Indian hedgehog (Ihh), another hedgehog family member, and Patched 1 (Ptc1), a receptor and negative regulator of hedgehog activity, are expressed in pancreatic tissue. Targeted inactivation of Ihh in mice allows ectopic branching of ventral pancreatic tissue resulting in an annulus that encircles the duodenum, a phenotype frequently observed in humans suffering from a rare disorder known as annular pancreas. Shh(−)(/)(−) and Shh(−)(/)(−) Ihh(+/)(−) mutants have a threefold increase in pancreas mass, and a fourfold increase in pancreatic endocrine cell numbers. In contrast, mutations in Ptc1 reduce pancreas gene expression and impair glucose homeostasis. Thus, islet cell, pancreatic mass and pancreatic morphogenesis are regulated by hedgehog signaling molecules expressed within and adjacent to the embryonic pancreas. Defects in hedgehog signaling may lead to congenital pancreatic malformations and glucose intolerance.
Upfront computed tomography scanning is more cost-beneficial than empiric medical therapy in the initial management of chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: Current treatment algorithms for patients with symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) recommend a trial of empiric medical therapy prior to obtaining a sinus computed tomography (CT) scan, even in cases of negative nasal endoscopy. This empiric approach evolved in an era when same day conventional CT was both impractical and economically irresponsible. The objective of this work was to determine whether upfront CT scanning is more cost-beneficial than empiric medical therapy for patients presenting with CRS symptoms but negative endoscopic findings. Methods: A Markov economic model was employed. Medication costs, CT costs, treatment response rates, and treatment associated adverse event rates were included as model parameters. Treatment cost values were derived from Medicare. Results: There is a clear cost advantage to the upfront CT algorithm over empiric therapy regardless of the availability of point-of-care CT scanning (POC-CT). This advantage persists during the sensitivity analysis when costs and response rates are fully biased toward empiric therapy. If POC-CT is available, upfront CT can save $320.50 per patient (range, $138.5–671.5). When POC-CT CT is unavailable, upfront CT savings persist at $296.60 (range, $106.09–655.40). Conclusion: In patients meeting symptom criteria for CRS but without endoscopic evidence of inflammation, upfront CT scanning is more cost-beneficial than empiric medical therapy. Adopting upfront CT scanning can save the U.S. healthcare system $1.2 billion dollars per year. Further, POC-CT can offer same day diagnosis, facilitate prompt treatment, and decrease unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions. © 2011 ARS-AAOA, LLC.
Embedded web server for wireless sensor networks

This paper presents an implementation of a platform-independent embedded web server and its integration into a network of wireless sensor nodes. The embedded web server is designed and built as an expansion module for one of the nodes in the wireless sensor network (WSN). It allows authorized Internet users to establish two-way communication with the sensor network. The server uses limited available hardware resources to implement an interface to the WSN node and to serve dynamic HTML pages to the remote user. This allows the user to monitor the operation of the WSN remotely, to periodically download the sensed data, and to change the operation mode of the network. In addition to providing monitoring and data collection services, the embedded web server can generate email alerts about critical issues in the WSN, provide secure access to modules that change the operation of the WSN, shut down sensor nodes, and log data from the network into an on-board flash memory.
The governance of free/open source software projects: monolithic, multidimensional, or configurational?

This paper presents the results of a qualitative review and synthesis of the literature on open source governance, addressing four key questions: (1) How has open source software (OSS) governance been defined? (2) Has the phenomenon of OSS governance been conceptualized as a monolithic or multidimensional phenomenon? (3) What purposes is OSS governance hypothesized to serve? and (4) What are the dimensions of OSS governance, and how are these dimensions related to each other? The results of the review suggest a framework for future comparative and case study research on OSS governance, and they provide a basis for comparison with research on the governance of other distributed, community-based forms of content and creation.
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN THORACIC TRAUMA

The availability of bedside ultrasonography can dramatically impact the care of patients with cardiac or aortic injuries. A focused, limited echocardiographic examination in the initial evaluation of victims with thoracic injuries can provide vital information the clinician needs to expedite the management of these patients. This article reviews the current use of transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography in patients with thoracic trauma.
Congruence Properties of Binary Partition Functions

Let \({\mathcal{A}}\) be a finite subset of \({\mathbb{N}}\) containing 0, and let f (n) denote the number of ways to write n in the form \({\sum \varepsilon _{j}2^{j}}\) , where \({\varepsilon _{j} \epsilon \mathcal{A}}\) . We show that there exists a computable \({T = T (\mathcal{A})}\) so that the sequence (f (n) mod 2) is periodic with period T. Variations and generalizations of this problem are also discussed.
Oyster Coverage: Chiastic News as a Reflection of Local Expertise and Economic Concerns:

The media, it is argued, are agents of legitimation - for themselves as well as others. Issues and social actors become recognized as important when they appear within the limelight of the news, and reporters are relied upon to correctly choose among the myriads of issues and actors vying for their attention. What happens, though, when an economically important cultural icon becomes a health threat? This is the situation facing news organizations in Southern Louisiana where oysters are both loved and loathed as food. We study newspaper presentations of oysters in Southern Louisiana over a ten-year period to investigate the ways in which this issue was approached. In many of the instances when negative articles appeared, positive statements could be found in the same issue of the newspaper, creating what we refer to as chiastic - defined as two parallel lines moving in opposite directions - media presentations. The presence of this type of news reporting is discussed in terms of the economic and cultural importance of the oyster, the economics of newspapers, and the stance of news organizations as cultural authorities.