cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Participation of liver fractions and of intestinal bacteria in the metabolism of N-hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylacetamide in the rat

Abstract The level of the active carcinogenic intermediate, N -hydroxy- N -2-fluorenylacetamide (N-OH-FAA) in rats is controlled in part by enzymic reduction to N -2-fluorenylacetamide (FAA). These reactions are performed not only by enzymes in liver but also by systems from the microbial flora in the gut. N-OH-FAA was secreted via the bile into the intestinal tract as a glucuronic acid conjugate. Cecum contents contained β-glucuronidase of a bacterial type with maximal activity at pH 6. Lower glucuronidase activity was present in the cecum of germ-free rats with an optimum at pH s, typical of mammalian β-glucuronidase. Rat cecal contents readily hydrolyzed glucosiduronic acids and reduced N-OH-FAA to FAA. The N -dehydroxylation was faster after preincubation of an extract of cecal contents with N-OH-FAA. Strain K 32 of Escherichia coli contained the enzyme required for this reduction, The microflora in the gut, in particular coliform organisms, was inhibited by N-OH-FAA. N -dehydroxylase activity in liver was chiefly in the soluble fraction, although a small amount was also associated with the microsome fraction. On chronic feeding of 160 ppm of N-OH-FAA for 8 weeks, there was a progressive shift in microbial flora in the gut with a reduction in coliform type organisms and an increase in yeast cells. As a result there was a lowering in cecal β-glucuronidase and in N -dehydroxylase. Soluble liver N -dehydroxylase increased slightly at the 4-week point, then decreased. During the same period, urinary excretion of the glucuronide of N-OH-FAA increased from 1.8 per cent of the dose to a peak of 19.4 per cent after 4 weeks. In part, the alterations in intestinal microflora with consequent shifts in enzyme content may account for the increased excretion of this metabolite of N-OH-FAA. Other factors play a role, since alteration of the microbial flora in the cecum by administration of Neomycin failed to yield a proportional increase in the excretion of the glucuronide of N-OH-FAA. A new analytical method to determine the substrate N-OH-FAA was devised. Oxidation of solutions of N-OH-FAA by potassium permanganate was followed by the colorimetric assay of the intermediate product with trisodium pentacyanamino ferrate at 560 nm. Concentrations of 5–100 μg/ml of N-OH-FAA could thus be determined readily.
Light particle correlations for the He 3 +Ag reaction at 200 MeV

Two-proton correlation functions, measured at small relative momenta in the $^{3}\mathrm{He}$+Ag reaction at 200 MeV, increase monotonically with the kinetic energy of the detected particles. Very strong correlations are observed for intermediate energy protons. These correlations scale with the weaker correlation functions measured for heavier projectiles, and can be reproduced by the Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck equation. Even stronger correlations measured for beam velocity protons, however, may be remnants of the initial state wave functions of the $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ projectiles.
On the Picard group of the stable A1-homotopy category

Abstract We consider the Picard group Morel and Voevodsky's stable A 1 -homotopy category, i.e. the group of objects invertible with respect to the smash product, and show that certain classes of A 1 -spectra constructed from Pfister quadrics are elements of this group.
Environmental influences, physical activity, and weight status in 8- to 16-year-olds.

Objective To assess the association between vigorous physical activity, participation on sport teams and in exercise programs, television watching, family environment, and weight status in youth. Design Cross-sectional data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants A group of 2791 youth between the ages of 8 and 16 years who were enrolled in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Main Outcome Measures Overweight was defined using age- and sex-specific 85th percentile of body mass index using Center for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Results Both males and females who had an overweight mother and or father were more likely to be overweight compared with youth who did not have an overweight parent. Females who watched 4 or more hours of television were more likely to be overweight than those who watched less than 4 hours. Males and 14- to 16-year-old females who participated in sport team and exercise programs were less likely to be overweight than their counterparts who did not participate. Also, females with larger families and males from families with higher family incomes were less likely to be overweight. Conclusions These results suggest that family environment is associated with overweight in youth and that sport and exercise program participants are less like to be overweight and that, for females, increased television watching is related to overweight.
Rigor cross-bridges bind to two actin monomers inthin filaments of rabbit psoas muscle

The mode of binding of myosin subfragment-1 (S1) to actin is known to depend on their molar ratio: when actin is in excess, S1 binds to two actin monomers within the actin filament, and when S1 is in excess or is equimolar with actin, each S1 binds to one actin monomer. Since in vertebrate striated muscle actin is in molar excess over myosin, we expect that in fibers each myosin head binds to two actin monomers. To test this idea, we compared the conformation of the heads in native muscle with the conformation of S1 in fibers that were loaded with either high (S1 equimolar with actin) or low (excess of actin over S1) concentration of extrinsic S1. Conformation was assessed by the accessibility of heads to trypsin (measured by the rate of trypsinolysis) and by their orientation with respect to the muscle axis (measured by a combination of polarization of fluorescence and linear dichroism). In muscle fibers loaded with a high concentration of S1, the region of the heavy chain of the myosin head at the junction of 20 and 50 kDa proteolytic fragments was readily digested by trypsin and its orientation was approximately perpendicular to an axis of a thin filament. In contrast, when muscle fibers were loaded with a low concentration of S1, the 20/50 kDa junction of S1 was protected from trypsinolysis and its orientation was more parallel with a filament axis. Native muscle in rigor behaved like muscle irrigated with a low concentration of S1, i.e. the 20/50 kDa junction of the myosin head was protected from trypsinolysis and the orientation of the heads was parallel to the filament axis. We conclude that in rigor rabbit psoas muscle each myosin head binds to two actin monomers in a thin filament, and that this binding is different from the binding of S1 to actin in equimolar solutions.
Folk medicine and integrative healing in West Asia: Analysis of historical and modern practice and perceptions

This manuscript is developed from the findings of the Qatar Unified Imaging Project (QUIP), a research project documenting the cultural heritage of Qatar and the bordering Gulf regions through primary sources. Through the critical evaluation of published works and primary sources we explore the culture of traditional medicine in the Arab world beginning with historical texts of the 11th century to the most current study of Qatar in the 21st century. Traditions contain and reflect the cultural beliefs of the people who created and preserved what they believed most valuable. Medical heritage figures prominently into the historical documentation of Qatar in the 20th century, and reflects the historical contributions of the Arabs to the development of chemistry and pharmacology, as well as the transnational influences that have affected Qatar's health care systems over time. Western-based medicine in the Gulf was introduced by Christian missionaries. These “modern” practices were grounded in a very different ...
Comparative vascularization of autogenous and homogenous-bone transplants.

In rats periosteal proliferations of autogenous and homogenous transplants See Images in the PDF File are vascularized within forty-eight hours after transplantation. Until the eighth day after transplantation there is no detectable difference between autogenous and homogenous-bone transplants. In the ensuing seventy-two hours the autogenous transplant continues to proliferate but the homogenous transplant evokes an inflammatory response that obliterates the vascular supply to its periosteal proliferations. The periosteal proliferations from the homogenous transplants undergo necrosis by the tenth day after transplantation. Determination of the interval following transplantation at which the original vascular ingrowth to homogenous-bone transplants is obliterated may be a method of quantitatively evaluating the intensity of the inflammatory response to various types of transplants.
Synthetic Peptides That Exert Antimicrobial Activities in Whole Blood and Blood-Derived Matrices

Peptides that exert antimicrobial activity in artificial media may lack activity within blood or other complex biological matrices. To facilitate the evaluation of antimicrobial peptides for possible therapeutic utility, an ex vivo assay was developed to assess the extent and durability of peptide antimicrobial activities in complex fluid biomatrices of whole blood, plasma, and serum compared with those in conventional media. Novel antimicrobial peptides (RP-1 and RP-11) were designed based in part on platelet microbicidal proteins. RP-1, RP-11, or gentamicin was introduced into biomatrices either coincident with, or 2 h prior to, inoculation with an Escherichia coli target organism. Antimicrobial activities of peptides were assessed by quantitative culture 2 h after bacterial inoculation and compared to those of peptide-free and gentamicin controls. In whole blood and homologous plasma or serum, introduction of RP-1 or RP-11 coincident with E. coli was associated with a significant reduction in CFU per milliliter versus the respective peptide-free controls. Moreover, substantial antimicrobial activity remained when RP-1 or RP-11 was placed into whole blood or plasma 2 h prior to E. coli inoculation. These results suggest that the peptides were not rapidly inactivated within these biomatrices. Peptide antimicrobial activities were negatively affected by preincubation in serum or in heat-inactivated serum, compared with those of the respective controls. Peptides RP-1 and RP-11 were consistently effective at lower concentrations in biomatrices than in artificial media, indicating favorable antimicrobial interactions with components of blood or blood fractions. Collectively, these findings support the concept that synthetic peptides can be designed to exert potent antimicrobial activities in relevant and complex biological matrices.
Oncogenic Splicing Factor SRSF1 Is a Critical Transcriptional Target of MYC

The SR protein splicing factor SRSF1 is a potent proto-oncogene that is frequently upregulated in cancer. Here, we show that SRSF1 is a direct target of the transcription factor oncoprotein MYC. These two oncogenes are significantly coexpressed in lung carcinomas, and MYC knockdown downregulates SRSF1 expression in lung-cancer cell lines. MYC directly activates transcription of SRSF1 through two noncanonical E-boxes in its promoter. The resulting increase in SRSF1 protein is sufficient to modulate alternative splicing of a subset of transcripts. In particular, MYC induction leads to SRSF1-mediated alternative splicing of the signaling kinase MKNK2 and the transcription factor TEAD1. SRSF1 knockdown reduces MYC's oncogenic activity, decreasing proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. These results suggest a mechanism for SRSF1 upregulation in tumors with elevated MYC and identify SRSF1 as a critical MYC target that contributes to its oncogenic potential by enabling MYC to regulate the expression of specific protein isoforms through alternative splicing.
Depositional Model of Point Bars in the Lower Wabash River

ABSTRACT A process-response model of point-bar sediments in the lower Wabash River of Illinois and Indiana was constructed by integration of (1) results (reported elsewhere) of repetitive hydraulic surveys of meander bends and (2) distributions of sedimentary structures and sediment size in Holocene alluvium. Vertical sequences of alluvium exposed in cutbanks and in point-bar trenches demonstrated preservation of bedform-texture patterns recognized from the hydraulic program. The depositional model is defined by distributions of three depositional facies around meander bends of disparate relative curvature. A fully developed facies assumed fully developed zones for current velocity and for bed-material size (velocity magnitude and mean size increasing from the inner bank toward the outer bank) A transitional facies incorporated transitional zones for both parameters (neither increasing outward from the inner bank). An intermediate depositional facies contained a fully developed velocity zone but a transitional size zone and was of significant extent only in gently curved bends. The latter two depositional facies differ greatly from standard facies models of meandering streams, constitute the bulk of surficial point-bar sediment in very sharply curved bends and in gently curved bends, and can be preserved preferentially by common types of bend migration. Preservation of the depositional facies of each meander bend depends upon the type of deformation (migration) the bend underwent. Limited observations from other freely meandering streams suggest that the Wabash depositional model may be widely applicable.
Basis for the Specificity and Activation of the Serpin Protein Z-dependent Proteinase Inhibitor (ZPI) as an Inhibitor of Membrane-associated Factor Xa

The serpin ZPI is a protein Z (PZ)-dependent specific inhibitor of membrane-associated factor Xa (fXa) despite having an unfavorable P1 Tyr. PZ accelerates the inhibition reaction ∼2000-fold in the presence of phospholipid and Ca2+. To elucidate the role of PZ, we determined the x-ray structure of Gla-domainless PZ (PZΔGD) complexed with protein Z-dependent proteinase inhibitor (ZPI). The PZ pseudocatalytic domain bound ZPI at a novel site through ionic and polar interactions. Mutation of four ZPI contact residues eliminated PZ binding and membrane-dependent PZ acceleration of fXa inhibition. Modeling of the ternary Michaelis complex implicated ZPI residues Glu-313 and Glu-383 in fXa binding. Mutagenesis established that only Glu-313 is important, contributing ∼5–10-fold to rate acceleration of fXa and fXIa inhibition. Limited conformational change in ZPI resulted from PZ binding, which contributed only ∼2-fold to rate enhancement. Instead, template bridging from membrane association, together with previously demonstrated interaction of the fXa and ZPI Gla domains, resulted in an additional ∼1000-fold rate enhancement. To understand why ZPI has P1 tyrosine, we examined a P1 Arg variant. This reacted at a diffusion-limited rate with fXa, even without PZ, and predominantly as substrate, reflecting both rapid acylation and deacylation. P1 tyrosine thus ensures that reaction with fXa or most other arginine-specific proteinases is insignificant unless PZ binds and localizes ZPI and fXa on the membrane, where the combined effects of Gla-Gla interaction, template bridging, and interaction of fXa with Glu-313 overcome the unfavorability of P1 Tyr and ensure a high rate of reaction as an inhibitor.
An SSO Based Methodology for EM Emission Estimation from SoCs

A methodology to estimate electromagnetic (EM) emission from SoCs is presented. The solution works on estimating current spectral components at the SoC periphery by performing power integrity analysis based on simultaneously switching outputs (SSO). These components are then converted to electric and magnetic dipoles. The dipoles are then analysed by a customised field solver, which computes, the field radiation patterns. Antenna models have been generated through the lead frames for quad flat and ball grid array packages. The proposed approach enables unification of SoC periphery analysis platform for timing, signal, power integrity alongwith EM emission estimation. Finally the approach has been demonstrated on various SoC periphery analysis scenarios. A memory interface of a 90 nm SOC design has been analysed and results have been compared with silicon measurements.
Guided wave propagation on two-dimensional clusters of directly-coupled cavity resonators

An attempt is made to determine the guided-wave propagation properties of electrically large, two-dimensional delay structures, composed of clusters of directly coupled, high-Q cavity resonators, ordered in either a square or in a hexagonal lattice. The approach used considers the unit-cells as linear reciprocal multiport networks, exhibiting either C/sub 4V/-symmetry or C/sub 6V/-symmetry, consistent with either the square-lattice or the hexagonal-lattice ordering of the unit cells. The image-transfer-function matrix of a single unit-cell uniquely determines the dispersion characteristics of the delay structure within any given passband; the guided-wave attenuation, a function of frequency, within any given stopband; and the natural port-modes of the unit-cell (defined by the eigenvectors of the image-transfer-function matrix). >
Buffer control for communication over fading channels

We consider a user communicating over a flat fading channel. The user wishes to reliably communicate bursty data over this channel while minimizing both the average power and the average delay incurred. We formulate a buffer control problem which illustrates the trade-off between these quantities. This model is analyzed using dynamic programming techniques. The asymptotic performance is shown and asymptotically optimal buffer control policies are given.
On the Estimation of Energy Release Rates

The energy release rate associated with the Mode I and Mode III crack problems for an infinite, nonlinearly elastic, incompressible body are estimated. The calculation adopts an approximation that is a natural extension of the small-scale yielding concept to problems involving moderate levels of loading. The results are compared with available exact and numeric solutions and the agreement is found to be remarkably good. The scheme used, based on the theory of small deformations superposed on a finite deformation, can be utilized to estimate the energy release rate in many other crack problems. 16 references.
Red oak litter promotes a microarthropod functional group that accelerates its decomposition

The contribution of microarthropod activity to litter decomposition varies widely but can be substantial. Oribatid mites are the most diverse and abundant of the microarthropod groups in forest litter. This experiment was designed to examine the effect of litter type and complexity on the diversity and species composition of oribatid mites, and to test whether alterations in species composition due to litter type affected litter decomposition. In an array of plots on a mixed-hardwood site in the mountains of North Carolina, I exposed microarthropod assemblages to a range of litter types: yellow birch, sugar maple, red oak and two mixed litters. Over several years, the litter types selected oribatid mite assemblages of different species composition. By comparing the decomposition of consecutive cohorts of litter, it was possible to detect differences in decomposition accompanying the shifts in the assemblage. A comparison of the mass loss rates between the two litter cohorts over eighteen months reveals similar trajectories for four litter types. In the oak litter, however, the second cohort disappeared significantly faster than the first. In both years, the litters came from the same trees and were nearly identical in initial carbon and nitrogen contents. Since the response was specific to oak litter, it is unlikely that differences in environmental factors are responsible for the faster mass loss of oak. A significant increase of endophagous oribatid mites, those that burrow into plant material, in the second cohort of oak may account for its accelerated decomposition. The woody petioles and thick leaf-planes of oak leaves provide microhabitats for burrowing mites. Endophage activity can accelerate the litter decomposition both through direct comminution of leaf material and by facilitating microbial growth. Because of their low population growth rates, oribatid populations that are reduced by disturbance are slow to recover and by disrupting these non-resilient populations, disturbance may have long-term repercussions for decomposition.
Anvil microphysical signatures associated with lightning-produced NO x

Abstract. Thunderstorm anvils were studied during the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry experiment (DC3), using in situ measurements and observations of ice particles and NOx together with radar and Lightning Mapping Array measurements. A characteristic ice particle and NOx signature was found in the anvils from three storms, each containing high lightning flash rates in the storm core prior to anvil sampling. This signature exhibits high concentrations of frozen droplets (as measured by a Cloud Droplet Probe) coincident with lower NOx on the edges of the anvil. The central portion of these anvils exhibited a high degree of aggregation of these frozen droplets and higher levels of NOx. In contrast, a deep convective cell with low lightning flash rates had high concentrations of both frozen droplets and aggregated frozen droplets in its anvil's central region. A conceptual model for these results is presented and applied to the observations from each of these storms. High NOx concentrations are often found where aggregation of frozen droplets has occurred, which may be a reflection of aggregation by electrical forces in the regions where lightning is occurring, although the level of NOx for a given concentration of aggregates varies from storm to storm. These observations between anvil microphysics and lightning and/or NOx signatures suggest that lightning data may be an important tool to characterize or infer the microphysical, radiative, and chemical properties of thunderstorm anvils.
Mutation Screening in Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome

Juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) is an autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by congenital anomalies, hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, and the development of tumors in these tissues. The diagnosis of JPS is often difficult because of the phenotypic overlap with other hamartomatous polyposis syndromes. Germline mutations have been identified in MADH4 and BMPR1A, aiding in presymptomatic genetic testing. In this study, we describe the results from 3 years of molecular diagnostic screening in JPS. Seventy unrelated individuals referred to our lab for JPS testing were examined through the sequence analysis of coding regions and exon-intron boundaries in both genes. Germline mutations were identified in 30% of cases, with 11.4% in BMPR1A and 18.6% in MADH4. All mutation-positive individuals were negative for cancer at testing, and a single pulmonary valve stenosis was the only congenital anomaly reported. A majority of mutations identified were novel including the first splice site alteration in MADH4. Based on the limited number of exons in each gene, low polymorphism frequency, and high frequency of frameshift or nonsense mutations identified, direct sequence analysis is a suitable methodology for mutation screening if all coding regions and exon-intron boundaries are examined in both genes.
Secrets Beyond the Door: The Story of Bluebeard and His Wives

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Maria Tatar Year: 2006 Pages: xii + 247 Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 0-691-11707-1 (soft cover). Prices: $17.95 USD(soft cover).
Treatment Options in Insulin Resistance Obesity–Related Acanthosis Nigricans

Objective:To evaluate the literature to determine which oral and topical medications are most effective In the treatment of insulin resistance obesity–related acanthosis nigricans (IRORAN).Data Sources:A MEDLINE literature search was conducted (1950–January 2008) using the search terms acanthosis nigricans (AN), metformin, rosiglita-zone, octreotide, retinoic acid, acitretin, etretinate, and isotretinoin. The search was limited to articles on treatment of IRORAN in humans written in the English language. Articles were retrieved and all references were reviewed.Study Selection and Data Extraction:Articles selected for inclusion were limited to AN related to obesity with no other underlying etiology. Clinical trials and case repons using monotherapy were included.Data Synthesis:Metformin, rosiglitazone, octreotide, vitamin D analogs, and retinoic acid have been used in the treatment of IRORAN. In one randomized trial, metformin 500 mg 3 times daily was compared with rosiglitazone 4 mg once daily. Neither tr...
A methodology for building mobile computing applications

There is a tremendous amount of interest in developing mobile enterprise computing applications, driven by recent advancements in mobile technologies and standards, as well as an increasing mobile workforce population. However, many enterprises are uncertain of the various options they may have due to the emerging nature of mobile computing technologies. Additionally, they are concerned about the integration of mobile technologies with existing IT infrastructure and applications. In this paper, we propose a methodology to help enterprises develop business strategies and architectures for mobile computing. A generic mobile technical infrastructure is presented to assist enterprises in evaluating and implementing mobile applications. Software standards that may have major impacts on mobile technical architectures and application development are discussed. Finally, the implications of the proposed methodology for mobile computing for practitioners and researchers are discussed in the conclusion.
De novo DNA methylation in the male germ line occurs by default but is excluded at sites of H3K4 methylation.

To understand what dictates the emerging patterns of de novo DNA methylation in the male germline, we mapped DNA methylation, chromatin, and transcription changes in purified fetal mouse germ cells by using methylated CpG island recovery assay (MIRA)-chip, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-chip, and strand-specific RNA deep sequencing, respectively. Global de novo methylation occurred by default in prospermatogonia without any apparent trigger from preexisting repressive chromatin marks but was preceded by broad, low-level transcription along the chromosomes, including the four known paternally imprinted differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Default methylation was excluded only at precisely aligned constitutive or emerging peaks of H3K4me2, including most CpG islands and some intracisternal A particles (IAPs). Similarly, each maternally imprinted DMR was protected from default DNA methylation among highly methylated DNA by an H3K4me2 peak and transcription initiation at least in one strand. Our results suggest that the pattern of de novo DNA methylation in prospermatogonia is dictated by opposing actions of broad, low-level transcription and dynamic patterns of active chromatin.
Analysis of quarter-wave shorted patch antenna

A special domain method is used to analyze a quarter-wave shorted rectangular patch antenna driven by a coaxial probe. Using the entire domain distribution function for the patch current, the self-impedance of the patch and the mutual coupling between the patch and probe are calculated using the free space Green's function. The singularity in the kernel of the integral equation is avoided by selecting different integration schemes for source and field integrations. The input impedance and radiation pattern of the quarter-wave shorted rectangular patch are computed and validated against measurements.
Virtue Ethics and Consequentialism in Early Chinese Philosophy

1. Introduction 2. Kongzi and Ruism 3. Mozi and early Mohism 4. Mengzi 5. Pluralistic Ruism.
Set Identification and Estimation of Factor and Topic Models

The paper presents sharp bounds on the identified set for classical factor models and non-parametric topic models based on results from the non-negative factorization literature. It compares the standard assumption (for factor models) of orthonormality of the factors (principal components analysis) to the "natural" assumption of topic models of additivity and non-negativity. For the former, the model is point identified when the number of factors is "small" but further restrictions such as those presented in Bai and Ng (2013) are needed to identify larger models. Under the latter, the paper characterizes the identified set and shows the necessary condition for point identification presented in Huang et al (2013) is also sufficient. In the two factor case this condition states that for each latent factor there must be some asset whose return gives it zero weight and there must be some time periods where each factor's normalized return is zero. These "sparsity" conditions are characteristics of the observed data, not assumptions on the data generating process. The paper presents a "least squares" estimator where the number of parameters to be estimated is not increasing in the size of the data set. The paper shows that this estimator is consistent both when the number time periods increases in the factor model and when the number of documents increases in the topic model. Unlike the similar estimator presented in the classical factor model literature (Stock and Watson (2002), Bai (2003)) this estimator does not rely on orthonormality.
Ultrasonic diagnosis and analysis of the high-risk neonatal periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage

Objective To investigate the ultrasonic diagnosis and related clinical factors of the high-risk neonatal periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage(PIVH),and to observe the diagnostic value of cranial ultrasound for PIVH.Methods All 1768 high-risk newborn infants were examined bedside by cranial ultrasound,and the data were analyzed.Results Ninty-one cases were diagnosed as PIVH by ultrasound.Of the 91 cases,68.13%(62/91) were premature infants,53.85%(49/91) were low birth weight infants.Severe PIVH(grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ) accounted for 13.33%(6/45) in gestational age from 32 weeks to 37 weeks cases,accounted for 41.18%(7/17) in gestational age 32 weeks cases(P=0.04).Among newborn infants with birth weight 1.5 kg to 2.5 kg in PIVH,severe PIVH accounted for 8.82%(3/34),while with birth weight 1.5 kg,severe PIVH accounted for 40.00%(6/15,P=0.03).Conclusion In premature infants,the smaller gestational age,the higher severe PIVH incidence.In low birth weight infants,the lower birth weight,the higher severe PIVH incidence and the more serious hemorrhage.Cranial ultrasound examination is a very effective and feasible tool for detecting PIVH in the high-risk newborn infants.
Alerting the Body to Tissue Injury: The Role of Alarmins and DAMPs in Cutaneous Wound Healing

Tissue injury stimulates an inflammatory response that is mediated in part by alarmins. Alarmins are a group of endogenous molecules that trigger inflammation in response to damage. This class of molecules is becoming increasingly recognized for its ability to influence wound healing. This article will provide an overview of alarmins and outline the latest findings on these mediators in cutaneous wound healing. In addition to stimulating inflammatory cells, recent evidence suggests that alarmins can act on other cells in the skin to affect wound closure and the extent of scar tissue production. This review will focus on high-mobility group box-1 and IL-33, two alarmins that have received recent attention in the wound healing field. Because a properly regulated inflammatory response is critical for optimal healing, further research must be done to fully understand the role of alarmins in the wound repair process.
Radiation-Induced Gene Expression Changes in High and Low Grade Breast Cancer Cell Types.

Background: There is extensive scientific evidence that radiation therapy (RT) is a crucial treatment, either alone or in combination with other treatment modalities, for many types of cancer, including breast cancer (BC). BC is a heterogeneous disease at both clinical and molecular levels, presenting distinct subtypes linked to the hormone receptor (HR) status and associated with different clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the molecular changes induced by high doses of ionizing radiation (IR) on immortalized and primary BC cell lines grouped according to Human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2), estrogen, and progesterone receptors, to study how HR status influences the radiation response. Our genomic approach using in vitro and ex-vivo models (e.g., primary cells) is a necessary first step for a translational study to describe the common driven radio-resistance features associated with HR status. This information will eventually allow clinicians to prescribe more personalized total doses or associated targeted therapies for specific tumor subtypes, thus enhancing cancer radio-sensitivity. Methods: Nontumorigenic (MCF10A) and BC (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) immortalized cell lines, as well as healthy (HMEC) and BC (BCpc7 and BCpcEMT) primary cultures, were divided into low grade, high grade, and healthy groups according to their HR status. At 24 h post-treatment, the gene expression profiles induced by two doses of IR treatment with 9 and 23 Gy were analyzed by cDNA microarray technology to select and compare the differential gene and pathway expressions among the experimental groups. Results: We present a descriptive report of the substantial alterations in gene expression levels and pathways after IR treatment in both immortalized and primary cell cultures. Overall, the IR-induced gene expression profiles and pathways appear to be cell-line dependent. The data suggest that some specific gene and pathway signatures seem to be linked to HR status. Conclusions: Genomic biomarkers and gene-signatures of specific tumor subtypes, selected according to their HR status and molecular features, could facilitate personalized biological-driven RT treatment planning alone and in combination with targeted therapies.
A Practical Approach to the Use of Methotrexate

BackgroundMethotrexate is approved by the Food and Drug Ad ministration for the treatment of severe, recalcitrant, and disabling psoriasis that is not adequately responsive to other forms of therap...
Theory and Applications of Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an experimental technique that measures the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and atomic nuclei in atoms and molecules. Atoms bonded to form molecules exist in well-defined nuclear and electronic states (stationary states) that have discrete (quantized) energies. Energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation corresponding to the difference between the energies of the quantized nuclear states can promote the system from one quantum state to another, resulting in either absorption or emission of the radiation. Thus, if the system is going from a state i with energy Ei to a state j with energy Ej, the system changes in energy by an amount ΔEij = Ej – Ei. In NMR spectroscopy, the difference in energy between the quantized nuclear states corresponds to the energy of a radiofrequency photon.
Perceptions of body size and health among older queer women of size following participation in a health programme.

Little research examines how older queer (lesbian and bisexual) women understand and construct meanings around their body size in the context of individual and community norms and identities. Groun...
Local Concentrating, Not Shear Stress, That May Lead to Possible Instability of Protein Molecules During Syringe Injection: A Fluid Dynamic Study with Two-Phase Flow Model.

A two-phase flow computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model was developed to study hydrodynamic forces and protein concentration changes of a protein solution in a syringe injector. Proteins were assumed as nano-sized solid spheres commensurate with their molecular weight and suspended in aqueous environment, passing through the rapid constricted sections of the syringe. Interaction between the solid and liquid phase was taken into account and four laminar flow cases were studied under the extensional flow. Profiles of pressure, velocity, and shear stress of the different cases were examined and compared. Hydrodynamic forces on a single protein particle were further analyzed. Our results indicated that the hydrodynamic forces are too small to effect significant conformational changes of proteins. The plunger rate showed limited impact on the distribution of protein particles inside the syringe. Nonetheless, the larger velocity gradient at the connection section of the hub toward the needle resulted in considerable accumulation of proteins. Such concentrating effect may lead to protein aggregation and subsequent structural changes and will be examined in future studies.
Context-Sensitive Fencing: Securing Speculative Execution via Microcode Customization

This paper describes context-sensitive fencing (CSF), a microcode-level defense against multiple variants of Spectre. CSF leverages the ability to dynamically alter the decoding of the instruction stream, to seamlessly inject new micro-ops, including fences, only when dynamic conditions indicate they are needed. This enables the processor to protect against the attack, but with minimal impact on the efficacy of key performance features such as speculative execution. This research also examines several alternative fence implementations, and introduces three new types of fences which allow most dynamic reorderings of loads and stores, but in a way that prevents speculative accesses from changing visible cache state. These optimizations reduce the performance overhead of the defense mechanism, compared to state-of-the-art software-based fencing mechanisms by a factor of six.
Clinically significant discrepancy between clinical and pathologic stage of early-operable cervical cancer.

5526Background: The cornerstone of the management of cervical cancer (CC) traditionally relies on clinical examination assessment (CE) of tumor size (TS) and local extension of disease. Previous re...
Protein Hydration, Protonic Percolation, and Connectivity

The process of protein hydration comprises a rich set of events characterized by changes in connectivity. Water clusters form at low hydration, below 0.1 h (g of water per g of protein). At 0.15 h percolation pathways emerge. Condensation of the solvent to complete monolayer coverage begins at 0.25 h. Concomitant with this, there is unfreezing of surface motions. Both protonic percolation and unfreezing of the surface motions appear to be important for enzymic catalysis by lysozyme. Protonic percolation has been observed for purple membrane fragments and is possibly also of biological significance.
Identifying Essential Factors for Deriving Value from Big Data Analytics in Healthcare

Big data analytics is emerging in many industries and is a prominent undertaking in healthcare. The healthcare industry has more opportunities now to garner insights and advantages from data than ever before. Big data analytics has the potential to enhance many aspects of the industry from enhancing quality of patient care to revenue cycle improvements. However, successfully leveraging big data analytics poses challenges as well, such as data standardization and integrity. Therefore, it will be important to identify the essential factors that will facilitate the ability to derive the maximum value from big data analytics for such endeavors. This research proposes to identify these pivotal factors of big data analytics in healthcare by utilizing value-focused thinking (VFT). VFT will entail interviews with both healthcare data analysts and management to identify these important factors. The findings can provide guidance to practitioners when considering the essential factors for big data analytics success, as well as provide topics for future research.
BIG MOOD: Relating Transformers to Explicit Commonsense Knowledge.

We introduce a simple yet effective method of integrating contextual embeddings with commonsense graph embeddings, dubbed BERT Infused Graphs: Matching Over Other embeDdings. First, we introduce a preprocessing method to improve the speed of querying knowledge bases. Then, we develop a method of creating knowledge embeddings from each knowledge base. We introduce a method of aligning tokens between two misaligned tokenization methods. Finally, we contribute a method of contextualizing BERT after combining with knowledge base embeddings. We also show BERTs tendency to correct lower accuracy question types. Our model achieves a higher accuracy than BERT, and we score fifth on the official leaderboard of the shared task and score the highest without any additional language model pretraining.
Animal effects on dissolved organic carbon bioavailability in an algal controlled ecosystem

Animals exert both direct and indirect controls over elemental cycles, linking primary producer‐based (green) and decomposer‐based (brown) food webs through top‐down trophic interactions and bottom‐up element regeneration. Where animals are aggregated at high biomass, they create hotspots of elemental cycling. The relative importance of animal control on elemental cycling depends on animal biomass, species functional traits (i.e. feeding mode and stoichiometry), and their overlap. We evaluated how animal community complexity affects the mechanisms regulating energy flow to the brown food web. We conducted a mesocosm experiment where we varied the biomass and overlap of animals with different life history and stoichiometric traits (stream fish and mussels) and measured how this influenced the quantity and fraction of labile carbon available to microbes. We used linear models and structural equation modelling to evaluate direct (excretion) and indirect (herbivory, nutrient availability, and nutrient stoichiometry) effects of animals on bioavailable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) concentration. In experimental stream mesocosms, we found support for both direct (DOC excretion) and indirect (grazing) animal influences on BDOC concentration. Although we found that snail, fish, and mussel biomass increased nutrient concentrations, neither nutrient concentration nor stoichiometry had a significant effect on BDOC concentration. This has been due to the high background nutrient concentration context of our stream mesocosm water. Snails, probably due to their high biomass and small body size, exerted a significant positive direct control on BDOC concentration. Fish and mussels exerted a significant negative indirect control on BDOC via their effects (grazing and bioturbation) on algal biomass. Our results imply that primary consumers with different feeding strategies provide a key mechanism regulating the flow of DOC into the brown food web through direct (excretion) and indirect (grazing) controls on primary producers. This highlights that animals can provide important controls on the production of bioavailable organic energy supporting microbes in aquatic ecosystems, but the importance of these controls depends on the nutrient context and the distribution of primary producer and animal biomasses.
Temporally restricted dopaminergic control of reward-conditioned movements

Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons encode both reward- and movement-related events and are implicated in disorders of reward processing as well as movement. Consequently, disentangling the contribution of DA neurons in reinforcing versus generating movements is challenging and has led to lasting controversy. In this study, we dissociated these functions by parametrically varying the timing of optogenetic manipulations in a Pavlovian conditioning task and examining the influence on anticipatory licking before reward delivery. Inhibiting both ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta DA neurons in the post-reward period had a significantly greater behavioral effect than inhibition in the pre-reward period of the task. Furthermore, the contribution of DA neurons to behavior decreased linearly as a function of elapsed time after reward. Together, the results indicate a temporally restricted role of DA neurons primarily related to reinforcing stimulus-reward associations and suggest that directly generating movements is a comparatively less important function.
34 Medicaid enrollment after firearm injury increases likelihood of readmission among adolescents

Statement of Purpose A substantial proportion of adolescents in the US who are hospitalized for firearm injury and survive require subsequent hospitalizations, but lack health insurance. However, they become eligible for Medicaid through a post-injury enrollment policy. The impact of Medicaid conversions in this population has not been evaluated. We determined the difference in the likelihood of hospital readmissions among adolescents surviving firearm injury hospitalization by health insurance, and whether this likelihood changed after postinjury Medicaid conversion. Methods/Approach We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the National Readmissions Database (2011–2014). We used Cox proportional hazards regression to assess the association of insurance status (Medicaid, private insurance, or uninsured) with time to readmission within 180 days of discharge, among adolescents (10–19 years of age) discharged alive after treatment of a firearm injury. Results We compared 6,840 Medicaid-insured patients to 2,969 privately-insured patients and 2,664 uninsured patients in a cohort of adolescents hospitalized due to firearm injury. There was no difference in the likelihood of readmission within 180-days after discharge among the three groups, considering insurance designation at the time of the injury. Based on postinjury payer conversion, the likelihood of readmissions did not vary between the Medicaid and private insurance groups, while the likelihood was 75% greater in the Medicaid group versus uninsured group (adjusted hazard ratio=1.75, 95% CI 1.24, 2.48). Conclusion Medicaid bears the financial burden of treatment for firearm injuries, providing subsequent treatment to adolescents after firearm injury. Significance Adolescents surviving a firearm injury are discharged from the hospital to adverse environmental stressors with disability and face competing decisions to spend on health versus paying utilities, rent, etc. to survive. Conversion to Medicaid in this vulnerable group of adolescents may allow them to obtain treatment so that they can recover.
Simulation Analysis of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Properties for the Detection of Furfural Dissolved in Transformer Oil

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been proposed for the application in the detection of furfural concentration in transformer oil recently. However, the intensity changes of SERS signals, which generate from various vibration modes of furfural molecule, are still unable to be explained well. In this paper, the simulation analysis of the adsorption mode of furfural on the metal surface and its SERS characteristics has been analyzed based on the density functional theory. Firstly, the simulation model of furfural molecule and silver cluster, whose selections of the silver atomic number and the furfural molecule adsorption position had been optimized, was built by GaussView and Gaussian software. Then, SERS signals from different vibration modes of furfural molecule and silver cluster were calculated and identified. By comparing theoretical calculation results with measured furfural spectra, the mode of furfural molecule adsorbed on metal surface was determined. These results can provide theoretical basis for the in-situ SERS detection of furfural dissolved in transformer oil.