cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GPRC5A is a potential oncogene in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells that is upregulated by gemcitabine with help from HuR

GPRC5A is an orphan G-protein coupled receptor with an intriguing dual behavior, acting as an oncogene in some cancers and as a tumor suppressor in other cancers. In the pancreatic cancer context, very little is known about GPRC5A. By analyzing messenger RNA (mRNA) expression data from 675 human cancer cell lines and 10 609 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) we found that GPRC5A's abundance in pancreatic cancer is highest (cell lines) or second highest (TCGA) among all tissues and cancer types. Further analyses of an independent set of 252 pancreatic normal and cancer samples showed GPRC5A mRNA to be more than twofold upregulated in primary tumor samples compared with normal pancreas (P-value<10(-5)), and even further upregulated in pancreatic cancer metastases to various organs (P-value=0.0021). Immunostaining of 208 cores (103 samples) of a tissue microarray showed generally low expression of GPRC5A protein in normal pancreatic ductal cells; on the other hand, in primary and metastatic samples, GPRC5A protein levels were dramatically increased in pancreatic ductal cells. In vitro studies of multiple pancreatic cancer cell lines showed that an increase in GPRC5A protein levels promoted pancreatic cancer cell growth and migration. Unexpectedly, when we treated pancreatic cancer cell lines with gemcitabine (2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine), we observed an increase in GPRC5A protein abundance. On the other hand, when we knocked down GPRC5A we sensitized pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. Through further experimentation we showed that the monotonic increase in GPRC5A protein levels that we observe for the first 18 h following gemcitabine treatment results from interactions between GPRC5A's mRNA and the RNA-binding protein HuR, which is an established key mediator of gemcitabine's efficacy in cancer cells. As we discovered, the interaction between GPRC5A and HuR is mediated by at least one HuR-binding site in GPRC5A's mRNA. Our findings indicate that GPRC5A is part of a complex molecular axis that involves gemcitabine and HuR, and, possibly, other genes. Further work is warranted before it can be established unequivocally that GPRC5A is an oncogene in the pancreatic cancer context.
Chinese Martial Arts: The Sui and Tang Dynasties

The Sui Dynasty unified China in 589 under a Chinese emperor for the first time since the fall of the Han Dynasty. Yang Jian, the founding emperor, posthumously known as Sui Wendi, began his career as a high official under the Northern Zhou and was actually the father-in-law of the last Northern Zhou emperor. Yang had worked dutifully for the Yuwen imperial house, earning a Xianbei surname as a mark of favor, in addition to marrying his daughter to the emperor. Yang seized power soon after a six-year-old child succeeded to the throne, and he exterminated most of the Yuwen clan. He established the Sui dynasty on 4 March 581. Yang was remarkably successful in quickly consolidating his power and shifting over to the conquest of southern China. By 589, Sui navies and armies had defeated every polity in the Chinese ecumene. Yang Jian himself, though a member of the northern Chinese aristocracy, was fully conversant with Xianbei culture. He was also a devout Buddhist, who hoped that his religion would help unite his empire, while at the same time promoting Confucianism to aid in governing society. Even Daoism was not wholly neglected. Yang reorganized the government institutions he had inherited in order to centralize power. His interest in controlling the reins of power extended even to the Buddhism he supported; he was careful to regulate the Buddhist clergy. He and his son, Yang Guang, posthumously known as Sui Yangdi, understood the need to rule by means other than force of arms alone. They also knew that they had to gain firm control over the soldiers and armies if they were to stay in power.
Hashtag Recommendation Based on Topic Enhanced Embedding, Tweet Entity Data and Learning to Rank

In this paper, we present a new approach of recommending hashtags for tweets. It uses Learning to Rank algorithm to incorporate features built from topic enhanced word embeddings, tweet entity data, hashtag frequency, hashtag temporal data and tweet URL domain information. The experiments using millions of tweets and hashtags show that the proposed approach outperforms the three baseline methods -- the LDA topic, the tf.idf based and the general word embedding approaches.
Progress on Dent's disease

There are many causes of proteinuria in children.Because proteinuria is mainly caused by glomerular diseases,renal tubulopathies are often ignored.Dent's disease is an hereditary renal tubulopathy characterized by low-molecular-weigh proteinuria,hypercalciuria,nephrocalcinosis,nephrolithiasis,and progressive renal failure.Dent's disease is mainly caused by mutations in CLCN5 and OCRL1 genes.Current treatments of the disease are still mainly symptomatic and supportive therapy,including reducing urinary calcium excretion,lightening nephrocalcinosis,and delaying the occurrence of renal insufficiency. Key words: Dent's disease; Child; Genes mutations; Proteinuria
Energy-efficient CO2 liquefaction for oxy-combustion power plant with ASU-CPU integration enhanced by cascaded sub-ambient energy utilization and waste heat recovery

Abstract In the oxycombustion process, the cost of carbon capture is directly related to the energy requirements of the Air Separation Unit (ASU) and CO 2 Processing Unit (CPU). In this paper, an integrated sub-ambient process is proposed to reduce the energy expense of these processes. Intermediate recuperative Rankine cycles (IRRC) driven by cryogenic energy from liquid N 2 in the ASU are able to utilize waste heat from condensing CO 2 and compression process in the CPU at high efficiency. Consequently, the high boiling point temperature difference between N 2 and CO 2 is converted from a problem of highly irreversible heat transfer to the benefit of efficient power recovery. Furthermore, a novel CPU process featuring post-separation direct pumping of CO 2 is introduced to achieve 15.2% savings in power. Finally, the efficacy of these new processes is demonstrated and further improved by optimization of the ASU-CPU coupled system, based on an equation oriented modeling framework and large scale nonlinear programming (NLP) technology.
Logical and Linguistic Notation

This article is about notational conventions in formal logic, which is (in the view of most mathematicians) that branch of mathematics (logicians, by contrast, tend to think of mathematics as a branch of logic; both metaphors are correct, in the appropriate formal axiomatic system) most concerned with many questions that arise in natural language, e.g., questions of meaning, syntax, predication, well formedness, and – for our purposes, the most important such – detailed, precise specification. Specification is the purpose of notation, both in mathematics and in science, but such precise conventions are unavoidably context sensitive. Thus, the use of logical notation is different in logic and in linguistics.
Racial Prejudice Predicts Less Desire to Learn About White Privilege

Abstract. White people often experience unpleasant emotions in response to learning about White privilege (Phillips & Lowery, 2015; Pinterits, Poteat, & Spanierman, 2009). Two studies (total N = 1,310) examined how race attitudes relate to White people’s desires to avoid or learn information about White privilege. White participants completed measures of their race attitudes, desire to change White privilege, and their desire to avoid learning information about White privilege. Study 1 showed that participants who preferred their racial in-group reported less desire to change White privilege and greater desire to avoid learning information about White privilege. Inconsistent with expectations, Study 2 showed that participants who anticipated negative affective responses to learning about White privilege reported greater desire to change White privilege.
Individual, Behavioral, and Situational Correlates of the Drugging Victimization Experiences of College Women

Interest in “drugging” has increased, with much focus on drugging victimization within the context of sexual assault and particularly among college students. This study uses data from the Campus Se...
Apocalypse adjourned: the rise and decline of cold war environmentalism in Germany

ABSTRACTNuclear energy was a defining topic of German environmentalism from the 1970s to 1990s. An analysis of the transformation of Naturschutzbund Deutschland (NABU) shows that anti-nuclear protests, which are frequently depicted as a prototypical example of ‘new’ social movement activism, were only a temporary phenomenon. From the 1970s, NABU gradually transformed from a traditional nature conservation organization into an environmental lobby organization that addressed nuclear energy, other health hazards and environmental risks. These topics were perceived through the notion of mutual assured destruction that emerged with the cold war nuclear arms race. With the end of the cold war and the government’s decision to phase-out nuclear energy, NABU began to rediscover its neglected focus on nature conservation. Nature walks and wildlife monitoring schemes replaced sit-ins, political rallies and civil disobedience against the construction of nuclear reactors. Since 2000, the goals and strategies of German...
Novel immune cell subtypes linked to survival among African American women with triple-negative breast cancer

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease that is twice as likely to be diagnosed in African American (AA) women compared to white women, with poor clinical outcomes. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are associated with improved survival for TNBC, but the relevance of TILs and immune cell subtypes to survival in AA women with TNBC is unknown. We evaluated histopathologic TIL counts and molecular characteristics among 60 AA women diagnosed with TNBC with linkage to clinical outcomes using data from the Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance System. We utilized whole genome expression profiling of TN tumors and cell type deconvolution analysis to evaluate the underlying mechanisms and immune cell subtypes associated with survival patterns in the context of TILs. TILs were significantly associated with improved survival [1-10% Hazard Ratio (HR)=0.32, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.12-0.90, p=0.031; >10% HR=0.18, 95% CI 0.05-0.67, 9.9x10-3]. 524 transcripts (326 coding, 198 non-coding) were associated with TIL levels, 34 of which were associated with both TILs and survival (p<0.05). While only naive B cells were associated with survival when considering individual cell types [Median HR=2.43, 95% CI 1.07-5.55, p=0.035], increased naive B cells, plasma cells, and activated NK cells, and decreased resting mast cells, M1 macrophages, and monocytes were associated with transcripts that predicted worse survival. These data provide evidence for novel roles for these immune cells types in TNBC, and further studies are needed to validate these findings and identify determinants of patterns of immune response in TNBC relevant to the AA population.
Implementation and evaluation of a dynamic whole-body PET/CT protocol

1237 Objectives Current whole-body (WB) PET protocols do not capture tracer kinetic data and are overlooking potentially valuable information. We describe an alternative protocol that measures dynamic data over the usual WB range, opening up an additional dimension of complementary kinetic information. Methods The following dynamic WB protocol was implemented on a clinical PET/CT system (Discovery VCT) and its potential was investigated with a series of oncology patient studies (n=5). Low-dose CT from head to thighs; FDG administered with patient’s heart centered in the PET field-of-view; 0-6 min single bed-position dynamic PET over the heart; six sequential head-to-thigh multi-bed PET scans (45 sec / bed). A manually defined ROI in the left atrium was applied to the initial single bed-position and the multi-bed data for non-invasive input function determination. Results Patient motion was minimal (mean shift 0.53 ± 0.45 mm, mean angle 0.16 ± 0.17 degrees), estimated using software registration of non-attenuation corrected images. Time-activity-curves (TACs) showing regional tracer kinetics were available throughout the WB volume. Normal organ (liver, lung, kidney, mediastinum, muscle) FDG TACs decreased between 6-45 minutes, with the exception of brain, salivary glands and myocardium (variable). Tumor TACs (n=4) consistently increased over this time interval. These temporal characteristics can be used to aid image assessment and may have advantages in terms of the partial volume effect. Principal component analysis produced a parametric image weighted towards decreasing TACs and a separate image that reflected tissues with increasing FDG uptake, including tumors. Absolute quantification of metabolism (Patlak) was possible for tumors at all locations, potentially offering advantages over SUV. Conclusions Dynamic WB PET/CT provides kinetic information that is currently not available with the conventional WB protocol. These additional data facilitate an approach to tumor detection and characterization that benefits from an integration of both spatial and temporal information
Non-Insulin Injectables

The description of the incretin effect was first described in 1964 by Elwick when he observed a greater insulin secretory response if glucose was administered orally compared to intravenously despite similar elevations in plasma glucose. This incretin effect is attributed to the release of peptide hormones from the K and L cells in the intestines in the response to eating, so that approximately 60% of the insulin subsequently secreted is related directly to the effect of incretins [1]. Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is secreted by the L cells, suppresses postprandial glucagon secretion, reduces appetite and stimulates insulin secretion in a dose dependent manner.
Parents' Discipline of Children in Public Places*

Unobtrusive observation of parents and children in public places indicates that similar to previous obtrusive investigations, there are social class differences in the use of restrictive vs. autonomy-granting discipline techniques. However, in the present study these social class differences were not significant. The notion of children's public misbehavior being viewed by parents as an "emergency situation" is put forth as an important part of the explanation of parents' preference for the more restrictive discipline techniques. Implications of these findings for parent effectiveness training programs are discussed.
Abstract 155: Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells Enhance Stroke Recovery Through the Release of Fractalkine From the Spleen

Background: Some types of cell-based therapies may reduce secondary brain injury after stroke by modulating immune responses from the spleen. Here, we hypothesized that fractalkine (FKN; CX3CL1) derived from the spleen mediates cross-talk between the spleen and brain, and that upregulation of FKN in the spleen by bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs) is an important mechanism underlying how MNCs enhance recovery after stroke. Methods: To model ischemic stroke, we employed rat and mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) models. 24 hours after MCAo, animals received autologous MNCs IV or saline as vehicle controls. Brains and spleens were harvested and serum was collected at various time points after MCAo. FKN gene expression and protein levels were measured. Functional testing was evaluated for up to 28d after MCAo. In parallel experiments, mice were subjected to splenectomy two weeks prior to MCAo and the same experiments were repeated in animals without a spleen. In another experiment, antibody neut...
Novel Artist Identification Approach Through Digital Image Analysis Using Machine Learning and Merged Images

Artist identification has been an interesting task for centuries. Machine learning algorithms are used to solve this problem. An artist’s profile is obtained through an artist’s merged images enhanced with layer and transparency tools. The machine learning J48 algorithm is utilized for classification. Cohen’s Kappa, F-measure, and Matthew’s correlation coefficient statistics are applied to compare the results obtained.
Programing AAC just-in-time for beginning communicators: the process.

Individuals who have limited or no speech as a result of intellectual and developmental disabilities and who are beginning communicators (i.e., are learning early linguistic skills such as first wo...
Subject-Specific Muscle Activation Patterns in Athletic and Orthopedic Populations: Considerations for Using Surface Electromyography in Assistive and Biofeedback Device Applications

This chapter presents the subject-specific nature of muscle activation patterns measured by surface electromyography (sEMG) both when elite athletes perform complicated whole-body maneuvers and when patients perform activities of daily living. Examples are provided to highlight the vast differences in muscle activation patterns across two ballet dancers, baseball pitchers (n = 16), and preoperative reverse total shoulder arthroplasty patients (n = 6). These subject-specific muscle activations correspond to subject-specific movement mechanics and are relevant to consider while designing and testing devices that use sEMG signals as inputs. This “sample course” suggests that thresholds, normalization, and filtering of electromyography signals as inputs to assistive or biofeedback devices need to be carefully selected per individual. Recently, there have been exciting advances in machine learning (Campopiano et al., Behav. Brain Res. 347:425–435, 2018) and electromyography technology (i.e., multi-node sEMG arrays (Farina et al., J. Appl. Physiol. 117:1215–1230, 2018)) that may assist in personalizing devices, more robustly normalizing signals, and/or identifying control commands.
Optical conductivity of single crystals of Ba1?x Mx BiO3 (M=K, Rb, x=0.04, 0.37)

Reflectance data (0.001–4.0 eV) from several large (a typical surface area 3×3 mm2) single crystals of Ba1−x KxBiO3 (x=0.04, 0.37) (BKBO) and Ba1−x,RbxBiO3 (x=0.37) (BRBO) were obtained by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ellipsometric methods. Normal-state optical conductivities (σ1) of these samples were obtained from infrared and ellipsometric measurements using a Kramers-Kronig transform. A broad mid-IR band was observed that peaked at 0.3 eV for BKBO and at 0.16 eV for BRBO at room temperature. Each band was fitted with two Lorentz oscillators. The optical mass of the charge carriers was obtained from a Drude fit, and was found to be large (m= 28−33m e ). These overdamped charge carriers can be viewed as polarons with a large effective mass. An optic phonon mode at 325cm−1 was also observed in the metallic phase. This mode was identified as a disorder-induced lattice mode, and was strongly enhanced at 8 K, favoring a strong coupling between this phonon and itinerant electronic states. Low-frequency spectra between 10 and 400 cm−1 observed below the superconducting temperature indicated an energy gap that agreed with the BCS-type mechanism. Interpretations of low-temperature measurements on BKBO and BRBO were complicated due to the change of color of the sample from bluish-green to bronze-red. Upon warming, samples revert to their original bluish-green color.
Upfront or delayed radiation with next generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in driver mutation positive NACLC brain metastasis.

e14503Background: NSCLC with driver mutations may be managed with SRS, WBRT, and TKIs. Prior studies have demonstrated a worse survival with a delay in brain radiotherapy. We sought to determine if...
Comparative Analysis on the Scaling Properties of Arbiter-based PUFs

Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are an active area of research for the low-cost security in resource-constrained devices. In this paper a comparative analysis on the security, reliability and area of arbiter-based PUFs such as feed-forward, XOR and the combined feed-forward XOR PUFs is conducted. Furthermore, 32-bit and 64-bit variants are considered to take into account the effects obtained through the scaling of PUFs. To illustrate the relationships between the above properties, this paper offers a multivariate approach in the comparison of the selected PUFs. Thus providing useful insight to the reader regarding the strengths and weaknesses encountered when scaling and adjusting such arbiter-based PUFs. Moreover, this paper considers several instances that would require the prioritization of the mentioned properties.
Complications in the Treatment of Facial Trauma

Summary An attempt has been made to enumerate the complications of the treatment of facial trauma. It must be understood that it is often difficult to separate the complication of the injury and that of the treatment or of a misadventure. In our litigious society, it is necessary to document those that occurred subsequent to the injury. This mandates a thorough evaluation of the injuries and a precise documentation of those observations. It also requires an informed consent discussion that outlines the risks and benefits of treatment as well as the risks of no treatment. Philosophically, the surgeon must understand what he or she is doing. The potential benefit of a particular treatment must be weighed against the prospect of potential complications. If there is little or no benefit, there is no need to risk the complication. If the benefit is significant, the risk may be worth taking. On the other hand, the prospect of a marginal or poor result from a low-risk procedure is a poor substitute for a good result from an operation subject to complications.
Covariance Control of Discrete-Time Gaussian Linear Systems Using Affine Disturbance Feedback Control Policies

In this paper, we present a new control policy parametrization for the finite-horizon covariance steering problem for discrete-time Gaussian linear systems (DTGLS) which can reduce the latter stochastic optimal control problem to a tractable optimization problem. The covariance steering problem seeks for a feedback control policy that will steer the state covariance of a DTGLS to a desired positive definite matrix in finite time. We consider two different formulations of the covariance steering problem, one with hard terminal LMI constraints (hard-constrained covariance steering) and another one with soft terminal constraints in the form of a terminal cost which corresponds to the squared Wasserstein distance between the actual terminal state (Gaussian) distribution and the desired one (soft-constrained covariance steering). We propose a solution approach that relies on the affine disturbance feedback parametrization for both problem formulations. We show that this particular parametrization allows us to reduce the hard-constrained covariance steering problem into a semi-definite program (SDP) and the soft-constrained covariance steering problem into a difference of convex functions program(DCP). Finally, we show the advantages of our approach over other covariance steering algorithms in terms of computational complexity and computation time by means of theoretical analysis and numerical simulations.
Thud-Tempters and Mockingbirds: A Cognitive–Linguistic Approach to Acoustic Assumptions

Purpose This study analyzed information shared through journal reflections of a client and a student clinician participating in The College of Saint Rose Transgender Voice and Communication Program...
The complexities of inferring symbiont function: Paraburkholderia symbiont dynamics in social amoeba populations and its impact on the amoeba microbiome

The relationship between the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum and its endosymbiotic bacteria Paraburkholderia provides a model system for studying the development of symbiotic relationships. Laboratory experiments have shown that any of three species of Paraburkholderia symbiont allow D. discoideum food bacteria to persist through the amoeba lifecycle and survive in amoeba spores, rather than being fully digested. This phenomenon is termed "farming", as it potentially allows spores dispersed to food poor locations to grow their own. The occurrence and impact of farming in natural populations, however, has been a challenge to measure. Here, we surveyed natural D. discoideum populations and found that only one of the three symbiont species, P. agricolaris, remained prevalent. We then explored the effect of Paraburkholdia on the amoeba microbiome, expecting that by facilitating bacterial food carriage it would diversify the microbiome. Contrary to our expectations, Paraburkholderia tended to infectiously dominate the D. discoideum microbiome, in some cases decreasing diversity. Similarly, we found little evidence for Paraburkholderia facilitating the carriage of particular food bacteria. These findings change our understanding of farming and suggest the possibility that Paraburkholderia could be playing multiple roles for its host, as inferred metagenomic analysis indicates a potential role of P. agricolaris in toxin degradation.
Clinical experiences with the CO2 laser in revision stapes surgery

Abstract Successful restoration of audition in revision stapedotomies involves precise identification and correction of the pathological condition without traumatizing the inner ear. Conventional surgical procedures often lead to unsatisfactory audition results and inner ear damages. In revision stapedotomy, the CO2 laser provides the ear surgeon with three important advantages over the conventional technique: 1. improved diagnostic and therapeutic precision, 2. better stabilization of the new prosthesis in the oval niche, and 3. reduction of inner ear trauma through non-contact atraumatic management. The surgical procedure of revision stapedotomies with the CO2 laser is discussed, and case examples are used to illustrate the diversity of pathological conditions that can be treated by CO2 laser surgery. Our experience with revision CO2 laser stapedotomy suggests an improvement of postoperative audition compared to the conventional technique and demonstrates a significant elimination of sensorineural deafness. The CO2 laser enables the ear surgeon to precisely and reliably correct conduction deafness recurring after stapedotomy.
Genetic epidemiology: bringing genetics to the population--the NAPE Lecture 2001.

Objective: To present an overview of the status of genetics of mental disorders and to describe the role of genetic epidemiology in the future of the implementation of the human genome initiative. Method: Reviews evidence on familial recurrence risk for major mental disorders and approaches to identify genes for complex disorders. Results: The next decade will witness shifts in approaches of both epidemiology and genetics to address sources of complexity of the mental disorders. Descriptive genetic epidemiology will evolve into analytic genetic epidemiology by shifting the key questions from estimation of the magnitude of mental disorders to identification of risk and protective environmental factors that may be informative for both etiology and prevention. Genetics research will expand to population-based studies for complex disorders and will employ designs and methods that incorporate sources of complexity. Conclusion: In summary, the next era of human genetics will witness major shifts in approaches to identify the genes underlying mental disorders. The contributions of genetic epidemiology to translate advances in molecular genetics to public health are discussed.
Analysis of matrix degradation.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on methods to assess proteolytic modification of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins using isolated proteinases or cell-associated enzymes. Degradation of the ECM and its component proteins by proteolytic enzymes is necessary for a number of physiologic and pathologic processes—including embryonic development, tissue resorption and remodeling, angiogenesis, wound healing, and tumor invasion and metastasis. A number of proteinases from distinct mechanistic classes contribute to ECM processing. However, predominant among the matrix-degrading proteinases are the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) or matrixins. This family of secreted and membrane-bound zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidases is widely expressed and can cleave a variety of ECM components—including native fibrillar collagen, denatured collagen, basement membrane collagen, and noncollagenous ECM glycoproteins such as fibronectin, laminin-1, and laminin-5. Analysis of matrix proteolysis can be performed using purified enzymes, proteinase containing conditioned medium or intact cells. In general, enzyme : substrate ratios should be maintained at approximately 1:20–1:50, although this is difficult to ascertain in nonpurified systems. Furthermore, it may be speculated that supraphysiologic enzyme : substrate ratios may prevail at proteinase-rich sites of cell–matrix contact.
Blood bank safety practices: mislabeled samples and wrong blood in tube--a Q-Probes analysis of 122 clinical laboratories.

Abstract Context.—Although a rare occurrence, ABO incompatible transfusions can cause patient morbidity and mortality. Up to 20% of all mistransfusions are traced to patient misidentification and/or sample mislabeling errors that occur before a sample arrives in the laboratory. Laboratories play a significant role in preventing mistransfusion by identifying wrong blood in tube and rejecting mislabeled samples. Objectives.—To determine the rates of mislabeled samples and wrong blood in tube for samples submitted for ABO typing and to survey patient identification and sample labeling practices and sample acceptance policies for ABO typing samples across a variety of US institutions. Design.—One hundred twenty-two institutions prospectively reviewed inpatient and outpatient samples submitted for ABO typing for 30 days. Labeling error rates were calculated for each participant and tested for associations with institutional demographic and practice variable information. Wrong-blood-in-tube rates were calculate...
Observational Parameters: Definitions and Limits

This review paper gives an overview of many of the observational topics that will be covered during the symposium. Trends and new developments in planetary nebula observations will be highlighted.
Perfusion fixation with glutaraldehyde and post-fixation with osmium tetroxide for electron microscopy.

The conductivity of cerebral cortex drops during perfusion with glutaraldehyde in 5 min to about 60% of the original value, to remain unchanged during the subsequent 10-15 min of perfusion. Circulatory arrest causes a similar drop in the tissue conductivity. Perfusion of asphyxiated tissue with glutaraldehyde does not produce additional major changes in the conductivity. Perfusion of the cortex with an osmium tetroxide solution causes an initial drop in conductivity. However, after about 3 min this trend is reversed and the conductivity increases again to close to the pre-perfusion value. Perfusion of asphyxiated cortex with OsO4 causes a marked increase of the conductivity. So does perfusion with an OsO4 solution of tissue previously treated with glutaraldehyde. One interpretation of these impedance changes is that glutaraldehyde perfusion causes, like asphyxiation, a transport of extracellular material into the intracellular compartment and that during OsO4 perfusion an extracellular space is again created. This possibility is supported by electron micrographs made of this material. Cerebral cortex perfused with glutaraldehyde and post-fixed with OsO4 shows electron-transparent dendritic elements and to a lesser extent pre-synaptic terminals, which seem to be swollen. When the cortex is flooded with a salt solution during glutaraldehyde perfusion the dendrites exhibit ballooning in the surface layer of the cortex, suggesting that the fluid on the cortex participates in the swelling. The tissue elements in the glutaraldehyde-perfused and OsO4 post-fixed cortex are separated by narrow extracellular spaces. The latter may have been produced by the OsO4 perfusion as is suggested by a comparison of micrographs prepared by freeze substitution (which tends to preserve the water distribution) of glutaraldehyde-perfused but not post-fixed cortex with micrographs of cortex treated with OsO4 after the glutaraldehyde perfusion. In accordance with the conductivity changes, the former micrographs showed very little extracellular space, and in many places tight junctions, whereas the latter showed clefts between the tissue elements.
Acute Otitis Media Increases Middle Ear Susceptibility to Nasal Injection of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa was injected intranasally into four groups of chinchillas to determine if these bacteria can invade the middle ear by way of the eustachian tube. One group completed penicillin treatment of bilateral penumococcal otitis media (POM), and the second group started penicillin treatment of bilateral POM at the time of P. aeruginosa injection. A third group had no POM, but completed a course of penicillin treatment before P. aeruginosa injection, and a fourth group had no POM and received no penicillin. Middle ear susceptibility to nasally injected P. aeruginosa was significantly higher in animals with POM (61%) than in animals without POM (32%, p = 0.001). Forced eustachian tube opening pressures did not correlate with P. aeruginosa susceptibility. Thus, P. aeruginosa, the principle pathogen of chronic suppurative otitis media, can invade the middle ear by way of the eustachian tube, and acute otitis media predisposes to middle ear infection by P. aeurginosa.
Possible Supernumerary Chromosomes in the Lobster, Homarus Americanus 1)

[An 6 Individuen von Homarus americanus wurden Chromosomenzahlungen in testikularen mitotischen und meiotischen Zellen vorgenommen. Bei mitotischen Zahlungen wurden 138, bei meiotischen 69 Chromosomen ermittelt. Dieser Befund legt eine diploide Anzahl von 138 nahe. Eine relative grose Anzahl meiotischer Zahlungen, welche um 1 oder 2 von der Modalzahl abweicht, wird als Hinweis auf uberzahlige Chromosomen und mitotische Instabilitat gedeutet., An 6 Individuen von Homarus americanus wurden Chromosomenzahlungen in testikularen mitotischen und meiotischen Zellen vorgenommen. Bei mitotischen Zahlungen wurden 138, bei meiotischen 69 Chromosomen ermittelt. Dieser Befund legt eine diploide Anzahl von 138 nahe. Eine relative grose Anzahl meiotischer Zahlungen, welche um 1 oder 2 von der Modalzahl abweicht, wird als Hinweis auf uberzahlige Chromosomen und mitotische Instabilitat gedeutet.]
Deformable primary mirror for a space telescope

A 4-m aperture deformable primary mirror has been designed with the mirror and its supports integrated into a single structure. The integrated active mirror's minimal weight makes it desirable for a space telescope as well as a terrestrial application. Utilizing displacement actuators instead of force actuators, the active controls at the mirror's surface include normal position control and slope control in both the radial and tangential directions at each of forty control points. Influence functions for each of the controls are nearly independent, reducing the complexity of the control system. Experiments with breadboard models verify the structural concept and the techniques used in the finite element method of computer structural analysis. This paper describes the results of finite element analyses.
Equations in characteristic 3 with Mathieu groups as their Galois groups

Galois groups of some explicit equations in characteristic 3 will be computed to be the Mathieu group of degree 12. We use the resolution of singularities of plane curves to get a lower bound for the Galois groups. Also we use factorizations of polynomials over the prime field to sharpen the lower bound. Finally we use the ‘linearization process’ to get an appropriate upper bound for the Galois groups.
Anomalous behavior of discrete resistance fluctuation lifetimes in novel metal insulator-metal tunnel junctions

Abstract Measurements are reported of the switching lifetimes of the discrete resistance fluctuations in AuAl203Au tunnel junctions which have small Al particles randomly embedded within the insulating barrier. The tunnel junctions are 50×50 Pin 2 and the Al particles are nominally disk-shaped with thickness about 30A and radius 500A. Tunnel M-I-M junctions which do not contain embedded metal particles typically have switching lifetimes that decrease exponentially with applied d.c. bias voltage. However, we have found that the presence of embedded particles leads to anomalous behavior, in which the switching lifetimes increase with applied bias voltage. We ascribe this behavior to the interaction of defects with the charge state of the embedded Al particles.
Evidence for two-cluster formation in one-, two-, three- and four-pion production 28 GeV/c p-p and p-d collisions

Abstract We study the reactions pd→(p s ) pp π − , pp π + π − , pd→(p s ) pp π − π − π + and pp→pp π + π − π + π − at approximately 28 GeV/ c , as examples of one, two, three- and four-pion production, respectively. One-pion production occurs mainly as the fragmentation or excitation of the target neutron into a low-mass (p π − ) cluster. Likewise, the two-pion production is seen to be mainly the production of a low-mass (p π + π − ) cluster recoiling opposite the remaining proton. For three- and four-pion production, clustering of particles is much less obvious; nevertheless, the data may be interpreted as showing that single excitation is still the dominant process as in the Nova model of Jacob and Slansky. The technique for examining cluster production involves examining the distribution of rapidities of final-state particles. However, it must be realized that the reactions studied represent only the lowest multiplicities at 28 GeV/ c and that particle production in general at this momentum cannot be assumed to be represented by the low-multiplicity channels studied here. The production of secondaries as a result of cluster formation is an attractive model but our analysis shows that, except for the lowest multiplicities, it is certainly not a unique description of the data.
Visual hallucinations associated with varenicline: a case report

Introduction Varenicline is widely used for smoking cessation. It has shown efficacy over placebo and bupropion in manufacturer-sponsored trials. Those with mental illness were excluded from these trials. There are case reports of exacerbation of mental illness and development of psychiatric symptoms with varenicline use.
Phase-Field Modeling of Domain Structure Energetics and Evolution in Ferroelectric Thin Films

A computational model developed based on the phase-field approach is used to model domain structures in ferroelectric thin films and to quantify the effects of strain and applied electric field on the microstructural evolution, and on the induced dielectric, electrostrictive, and piezoelectric film properties. Theoretically predicted vortex-like poly-domain and experimentally observed bidomain and monodomain film morphologies are modeled using the continuum phase-field approach. A nonlinear finite element method is used to solve the boundary value problems relevant to ferroelectric thin films. The computed results agree with the Kittel law for specific ranges of film strain. Simulations that track the domain structure evolution and compute ferroelectric thin film properties given the film dimensions and the imposed electromechanical boundary conditions are also reported.
The effect of methyl parathion on susceptibility of bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) to domestic cat predation

Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) that received either 0, 2, 4, or 8 mg/kg methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl o-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate) treatment were investigated as to their susceptibility to predation by a cat (Felis domesticus) predator. Four hours after receiving methyl parathion (MP), physical activity levels were monitored in quail and included the number of seconds spent still, walking, running, or flying before and after a cat was introduced into an experimental arena. The cholinesterase (ChE) activity for each quail on experiment was determined. Quail that were captured exhibited significantly greater inhibition of brain ChE activity and spent significantly more time being still than noncaptured birds. Birds receiving MP at 8 mg/kg spent more seconds being still than those in other treatment groups and had ChE activity reduced to 42.8% of normal activity. There was a tendency for quail at increasing treatment levels to be more susceptible to capture by the cat predator. The neurological and behavioral effects of methyl parathion may have important ecological ramifications.
Homology of complete symbols and noncommutative geometry

We identify the periodic cyclic homology of the algebra of complete symbols on a differential groupoidGin terms of the cohomology ofS* (G), the cosphere bundle ofA(G), whereA(G)is the Lie algebroid ofG.We also relate the Hochschild homology of this algebra with the homogeneous Poisson homology of the space, A* (G) \ 0 ≅ S* (G) × (0, ∞), the dual ofA(G)with the zero section removed. We use then these results to compute the Hochschild and cyclic homologies of the algebras of complete symbols associated with manifolds with corners, when the corresponding Lie algebroid is rationally isomorphic to the tangent bundle.
Validation of Solutions of Construction Problems in Dynamic Geometry Environments

This paper discusses issues concerning the validation of solutions of construction problems in Dynamic Geometry Environments (DGEs) as compared to classic paper-and-pencil Euclidean geometry settings. We begin by comparing the validation criteria usually associated with solutions of construction problems in the two geometry worlds – the ‘drag test’ in DGEs and the use of only straightedge and compass in classic Euclidean geometry. We then demonstrate that the drag test criterion may permit constructions created using measurement tools to be considered valid; however, these constructions prove inconsistent with classical geometry. This inconsistency raises the question of whether dragging is an adequate test of validity, and the issue of measurement versus straightedge-and-compass. Without claiming that the inconsistency between what counts as valid solution of a construction problem in the two geometry worlds is necessarily problematic, we examine what would constitute the analogue of the straightedge-and-compass criterion in the domain of DGEs. Discovery of this analogue would enrich our understanding of DGEs with a mathematical idea that has been the distinguishing feature of Euclidean geometry since its genesis. To advance our goal, we introduce the compatibility criterion, a new but not necessarily superior criterion to the drag test criterion of validation of solutions of construction problems in DGEs. The discussion of the two criteria anatomizes the complexity characteristic of the relationship between DGEs and the paper-and-pencil Euclidean geometry environment, advances our understanding of the notion of geometrical constructions in DGEs, and raises the issue of validation practice maintaining the pace of ever-changing software.
Mapping properties that preserve convergence in measure on finite measure spaces

Abstract Given a finite measure space ( X , M , μ ) and given metric spaces Y and Z , we prove that if { f n : X → Y | n ∈ N } is a sequence of arbitrary mappings that converges in outer measure to an M -measurable mapping f : X → Y and if g : Y → Z is a mapping that is continuous at each point of the image of f , then the sequence g ○ f n converges in outer measure to g ○ f . We must use convergence in outer measure, as opposed to (pure) convergence in measure, because of certain set-theoretic difficulties that arise when one deals with nonseparably valued measurable mappings. We review the nature of these difficulties in order to give appropriate motivation for the stated result.
Option value under income and price uncertainty

Abstract We present a rigorous examination of the sign of option value under income and price uncertainty. We state and prove three theorems on the sign of option value when preferences are state independent. If income is uncertain, the sign of option value is opposite the sign of the income elasticity of the good in question. The analysis of price uncertainty is in two parts: one covers the case of own price uncertainty and the other the case where the price of some other good is uncertain. In both cases the sign of option value is generally ambiguous.
Study of the selective cytotoxic properties of cationic, lipophilic mitochondrial-specific compounds in gynecologic malignancies

Cationic lipophilic compounds have a unique cytotoxic mechanism of action which is dependent on mitochondrial-specific localization of these fluorescent dyes. We have demonstrated in vitro that carcinoma cells, which have a higher negative mitochondrial membrane potential than normal cells, have an increased accumulation and retention of two of these compounds. The compounds tested were rhodamine 123 and dequalinium (DECA). After the development of a reproducible murine intraperitoneal (ip) human ovarian cancer model, which maintained the biologic characteristics of the parent cell line, we undertook in vivo evaluation of DECA. Mice with intraperitoneal tumor inoculations were treated with cisplatin, and/or DECA. When compared to cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic agent known to be effective in the treatment of clinical ovarian cancer, DECA was significantly more efficacious and seemed less toxic in the murine model. Cisplatin and DECA used together were possibly synergistic. Cationic lipophilic compounds may prove to be an exciting new class of antineoplastic agents which exploit intracellular, mitochondrial differences between normal cells and cancer cells.
Effect of prostaglandin A1 infusion in hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis

Clinical data, arteriographic findings, peripheral and renal vein plasma renin activity (PRA) studies and responses to prostaglandin A1 infusion are presented from observations in seven hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis. PGA1 infusion caused an increase in PRA and urine sodium excretion but no significant change in blood pressure. Exaggerated increases in PRA were observed in five patients. With cessation of PGA1 infusion PRA returned toward pre-infusion levels. In two patients bilateral renal and peripheral vein PRA's were determined before and during PGA1 infusion. PGA1 caused a greater increase in renal vein PRA than in peripheral vein PRA indicating a direct enhancement of renin secretion. These studies indicate possible relationships between the vasoactive prostaglandins and the renin-angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of hypertension due to renal artery stenosis.