cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
WE‐F‐BRB‐00: New Developments in Knowledge‐Based Treatment Planning and Automation

Advancements in informatics in radiotherapy are opening up opportunities to improve our ability to assess treatment plans. Models on individualizing patient dose constraints from prior patient data and shape relationships have been extensively researched and are now making their way into commercial products. New developments in knowledge based treatment planning involve understanding the impact of the radiation dosimetry on the patient. Akin to radiobiology models that have driven intensity modulated radiotherapy optimization, toxicity and outcome predictions based on treatment plans and prior patient experiences may be the next step in knowledge based planning. In order to realize these predictions, it is necessary to understand how the clinical information can be captured, structured and organized with ontologies and databases designed for recall. Large databases containing radiation dosimetry and outcomes present the opportunity to evaluate treatment plans against predictions of toxicity and disease response. Such evaluations can be based on dose volume histogram or even the full 3-dimensional dose distribution and its relation to the critical anatomy. This session will provide an understanding of ontologies and standard terminologies used to capture clinical knowledge into structured databases; How data can be organized and accessed to utilize the knowledge in planning; and examples of research and clinical efforts to incorporate that clinical knowledge into planning for improved care for our patients. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the role of standard terminologies, ontologies and data organization in oncology 2. Understand methods to capture clinical toxicity and outcomes in a clinical setting 3. Understand opportunities to learn from clinical data and its application to treatment planning Todd McNutt receives funding from Philips, Elekta and Toshiba for some of the work presented
Mentoring: Empowering Your Success

Mentoring for empowerment and success requires strategic planning and positioning. This chapter highlights the types of mentors, expectations in mentoring relationships, identification and management of mentoring interactions and transitioning to colleague status. Special emphasis on peer, career, and personal mentoring. While some mentoring can occur spontaneously, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics professionals should take an active role in their own success by initiating, cultivating, and maintaining effective, healthy mentoring relationships.
Rewriting the blueprint of life by synthetic genomics and genome engineering.

Advances in DNA synthesis and assembly methods over the past decade have made it possible to construct genome-size fragments from oligonucleotides. Early work focused on synthesis of small viral genomes, followed by hierarchical synthesis of wild-type bacterial genomes and subsequently on transplantation of synthesized bacterial genomes into closely related recipient strains. More recently, a synthetic designer version of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome III has been generated, with numerous changes from the wild-type sequence without having an impact on cell fitness and phenotype, suggesting plasticity of the yeast genome. A project to generate the first synthetic yeast genome - the Sc2.0 Project - is currently underway.
Disassembly and reassembly in vitro of complexes of secretory proteins from Chironomus tentans salivary glands.

The secretory proteins of Chironomus tentans larvae form insoluble fibers that are spun into threads used to construct underwater feeding and pupation tubes. We began in vitro studies of the mechanism of assembly into fibers, the structure of the assembled proteins, and the contribution of individual proteins to the assembled structure. From measurements of turbidity and electron micrographs, we observed that the secretory proteins were isolated as complexes. These complexes are most likely at initial stages of assembly; further assembly into insoluble fibers must occur in vivo. Denaturation and reduction disrupted the complexes, and removal of the denaturing and reducing agents resulted in reassembly of the complexes. The circular dichroic spectrum of the complexes indicated that the assembled proteins had the tertiary structure α + β. The largest secretory proteins were purified and shown to have both similar morphology, using electron microscopy, and a similar dichroic spectrum to that of the native complexes. We concluded that the large secretory proteins form the fibrous backbone of the complexes that we observe.
Biochemical, clinical, epidemiologic, genetic, and pathologic data in the pediatric age group relevant to the cholesterol hypothesis.

The recent National Institutes of Health Concensus Conference on Lowering Blood Cholesterol to Prevent Heart Disease made several recommendations for healthy children older than 2 years of age.1 These recommendations are summarized in Table 1. In a commentary in Pediatrics , A. M. Mauer2 outlined three major concerns regarding the proceedings and recommendations of this consensus conference. First, he concluded from the proceedings that "the significance of serum cholesterol levels as an independent variable could not be definitely assigned." Second, data from adults were being extrapolated to children; "there are no available data on children." Third, he questioned the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of the dietary recommendations for children and adolescents.
Effects of low-dose aspirin therapy on thermoregulation in firefighters

Background Heart attack is the most common cause of line-of-duty death in the fire service. Daily aspirin therapy is a preventative measure used to reduce the morbidity of heart attacks but may decrease the ability to dissipate heat by reducing skin blood flow.
Analysis on products of fractals

For a class of post-critically finite (p.c.f.) fractals, which includes the Sierpinski gasket (SG), there is a satisfactory theory of analysis due to Kigami, including energy, harmonic functions and Laplacians. In particular. the Laplacian coincides with the generator of a stochastic process constructed independently by probabilistic methods. The probabilistic method is also available for non-p.c.f. fractals such as the Sierpinski carpet. In this paper we show how to extend Kigami's construction to products of p.c.f. fractals. Since the products are not themselves p.c.f., this gives the first glimpse of what the analytic theory could accomplish in the non-p.c.f. setting. There are some important differences that arise in this setting. It is no longer true that points have positive capacity, so functions of finite energy are not necessarily continuous. Also the boundary of the fractal is no longer finite, so boundary conditions need to be dealt with in a more involved manner. All in all, the theory resembles PDE theory while in the p.c.f. case it is much closer to ODE theory.
Overview of Maximum Likelihood Estimation

In ordinary least squares multiple regression, the objective in fitting a model is to find the values of the unknown parameters that minimize the sum of squared errors of prediction. When the response variable is non-normal, polytomous, or not observed completely, one needs a more general objective function to optimize.
Students Work: A Discourse Analysis of Writing Center Mission Statements

This research report summarizes my current project: a rhetorical analysis of how writing center mission statements represent their undergraduate peer tutors. Using critical discourse analysis, I investigate how the elision of the academic labor of student workers is intimately connected to the larger shift in higher education towards employing contingent faculty.
Effects of growth hormone deficiency on body composition and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk after definitive therapy for acromegaly.

Background Both growth hormone (GH) excess and GH deficiency are associated with body composition and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in patients with pituitary disorders. However, the effects of developing GH deficiency after definitive treatment of acromegaly are largely unknown.
Mid-term and long-term results with directional atherectomy of vein graft stenoses

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of our 6-year experience with directional atherectomy used for treatment of stenoses in infrainguinal vein grafts. Methods: From March 1988 to April 1994, 52 directional atherectomy procedures were undertaken in 42 patients to treat 67 stenoses in 44 vein grafts. Follow-up consisted of periodic physical examinations and graft surveillance: ankle/brachial indexes, pulse volume recordings, and color-flow duplex ultrasonography. Follow-up angiography (n=18) was performed for recurrent symptoms, reproducible drop in ankle/brachial index of greater than 0.15, a twofold to threefold focal increase in peak systolic velocity, or incidentally during evaluation of the opposite leg. Results: Forty-nine of 52 (94%) procedures were technically successful. In two the residual diameter stenosis was greater than 30%, and in one atherectomy could not be performed. Complications were minor in six (11%) and major in three (6%): two acute graft occlusions and one delayed pseudoaneurysm at the atherectomy site. There were no deaths at 30 days. With a mean follow-up of 21±18 months, 36 of 44 grafts (82%) remained patent without restenosis; 6 other were patent but considered "failed" −5 (11%) with restenosis, 1 with a pseudoaneurysm; and 2 grafts (5%) occluded. Clinically 33 of 44 extremities (75%) were asymptomatic during follow-up. Claudication improved in five, recurred in three, and was unchanged in one. There was one below-knee amputation. Life-table analysis including all 52 procedures reveals cumulative primary atherectomy patency rates for the 44 grafts of 82%, 78%, and 78%, respectively, at 1,2, and 3 years after atherectomy, and 86%, 83%, and 83% for the 67 individual stenoses treated. Conclusions: Directional atherectomy of vein graft stenoses has high technical and clinical success rates, acceptably low morbidity rates, and offers better sustained patency rates than balloon angioplasty. Its long-term patency rate seems to approach that of surgical vein patch angioplasty.
Puget sound's MARS (media asset retrieval systems) digital library

The Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) and public broadcasters consider Media Asset Management (MAM) of critical importance since without a concerted and cooperative plan to manage their vast library of content, broadcasters are unable to reach their potential for service in the digital age.The concerns for Media Asset Management, which are the Digital Libraries for broadcasters, human and technical, are myriad. Media Asset Management is the framework upon which many of the largest technology projects will be built, including the future interconnection system between and among CPB member stations. It is CPB's hope that its licensees and their partners in university, museum, and library communities, will work together to contribute to Media Asset Management solutions.This poster will present some of the complex issues around Media Asset Management and possible solutions to the problems as well as show the breath of research projects in the area. The issues include metadata, indexing, controlled vocabularies, storage and access methods, rights management, technological infrastructure requirements, and interoperability.To highlight these issues we will use as an example the Media Asset Retrieval System (MARS) project. The goal of this project is to create a model for representing, organizing, storing, and facilitating access to public audio (radio) and audiovisual (television) broadcast material via the Internet. The immediate goal for MARS is to produce a digital online resource that will provide access to material produced by public broadcasters in the Puget Sound Region (KUOW and KCTS). The material will be made available to students, teachers, media, and the general public through the King County Library System and Seattle Public Library System. The mission of the Convergence Consortium guides the MARS project. The Convergence Consortium is a working collaborative between public broadcasters, public libraries, K-12 schools and the Information School of the University of Washington that meet to assess the needs of their constituents and propose solutions that will be developed to meet those need.The MARS project is funded by a grant from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting Television Future Fund and it falls within the context of major decisions about Media Asset Management in public broadcasting. It is the intent that the MARS project will produce a reference document that will help public broadcast stations make decisions about media asset management as it relates to audio and audiovisual access as a community resource.The MARS team will analyze the current systems and their contexts and design a digital library system for the KUOW and KCTS broadcasters that will facilitate access to the broadcast material. The digital library will support advanced knowledge organization techniques and search algorithms to facilitate retrieval of the broadcast material. The MARS project ties together some of the critical issues in Digital Libraries and approaches these problems from a user-centered perspective.
Current and future directions for Phase II trials in high-grade glioma

Despite surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, the prognosis for high-grade glioma (HGG) is poor. Our understanding of the molecular pathways involved in gliomagenesis and progression has increased in recent years, leading to the development of novel agents that specifically target these pathways. Results from most single-agent trials have been modest at best, however. Despite the initial success of antiangiogenesis agents in HGG, the clinical benefit is short-lived and most patients eventually progress. Several novel agents, multi-targeted agents and combination therapies are now in clinical trials for HGG and several more strategies are being pursued.
Predictors of Out-of-Home Placement in a Family Preservation Program: Are Welfare Recipients Particularly Vulnerable?

Participants in a statewide family preservation program were classified on the basis of income level and enrollment in public assistance. These variables, along with other economic, parent, and child risk factors, were used to predict the probability of out-of-home placements at the close of this intervention program. Results revealed that neither low income nor receiving public assistance was predictive of having a child removed from the home. Higher levels of child-centered risk and parent-centered risk were the only consistent predictors of placement outcomes. Additional analyses revealed that family characteristics (e.g., history of psychiatric care, prior child placements, and involvement with the legal system) also were typical of families experiencing out-of-home placements. This study challenges the stereotype of low-income or welfare families being at greater risk of having a child removed from their home. Findings are discussed in the context of recent welfare reform initiatives and implications for future family policy research.
Synthesis of [18F]Ro41-0960, a potent catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor, for pet studies

Ro41-0960 (3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitro-2′-fluorobenzophenone) is a potent, fluorine containing COMT inhibitor. In order to map catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) in vivo with PET, no-carrier-added [18F]Ro41-0960 was synthesized by the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of [18F]fluoride for 2′-nitro on 3,4-dimethoxy-5,2′-dinitrobenzophenone, followed by hydrolysis with HBr. During the course of this study it was found that [18F]fluoromethane ([18F]CH3F) was generated as the side product of nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Various precursors with different hydroxyl protecting groups were then investigated for the effects on this side reaction. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recognition of self from non-self in crustaceans

THE immune response of vertebrate species seems initially to involve recognition events between immunogenic molecules and specific lymphocyte receptors. These recognition events subsequently result in amplification steps including, in many cases, increases in cells capable of producing humoral antibodies or participating in cell mediated reactions1. Since invertebrates apparently cannot make humoral antibodies2,3 but can reject allografts4,5 it seems appropriate to inquire if such animals have receptors capable of discriminating self from non-self. The similarities between antigen receptors and humoral antibodies in vertebrates6,7 serve as additional reasons for investigating recognition mechanisms in invertebrates. Although sufficient data exist to indicate that the lectin-like agglutinins present in haemolymph can function as opsonins for foreign erythrocytes in certain invertebrates8, considerations of foreignness of protein molecules are not as definitive. Certain crustaceans, such as crayfish9 and lobsters10, can readily clear certain mammalian serum albumins from the circulation but little is known of the specificity of this elimination. We have investigated whether crustaceans possess recognition molecules (referred to as receptors) enabling them to recognise various proteins as foreign and to eliminate these proteins from the circulation. The basic premise was that if such receptors are present, regardless of their location (cell-bound or free), they should be of finite number (and thus saturable) and have some discernable degree of specificity.
Deoxyribonucleic acid homologies among staphylococci: Coagulase-positive reference strains

DNA hybridization results confirm the proposed separation of coagulase-positive staphylococci into two distinct species. Strains ofStaphylococcus aureus representing the various biotypes and different phage typing groups of the human biotype gave high values of reassociation with DNA fromS. aureus reference strain RN 450, at both optimal and restrictive reassociation temperatures. Similar results were obtained between strains ofS. intermedius and its reference strain K 3. Interspecific reassociation between the two coagulase-positive species was low, and each reference strain showed low DNA sequence homology with 10 coagulase-negative species.S. staphylolyticus, strain PS 73, and putative pleiotropic mutants ofS. aureus were shown to be unrelated toS. aureus.
Medical simulation in paediatric anaesthesia

Paediatric anaesthesia presents unique challenges. Highrisk patients, premature babies, neonates, infants, small toddlers and children with multiple congenital anomalies are included in this group of patients. Infants and neonates are more at risk of an adverse incident perioperatively and also suffer higher morbidity and mortality than older children. Centralisation of tertiary paediatric services and reduced working and training hours present a challenge to the training and maintenance of paediatric anaesthesia skills. In many countries, paediatric emergencies and surgery are often managed outside tertiary paediatric centres. The provided care may be given by doctors and nurses who only have occasional exposure to paediatric patients. The care of paediatric patients involves anaesthetists and competent medical and nursing support in the perioperative period. Medical simulation creates a realistic, safe and reproducible setting or environment that represents a clinical scenario for medical training. Medical simulation utilises standardised patients, a computer-based system, part-task trainers and full-body mannequins. Full-body paediatric mannequins, available in neonatal, infant and child sizes, have realistic vital signs and clinical features, airways (tongue swelling and stridor), breathing patterns and sounds, cardiovascular characteristics (heart sounds and murmurs), and other signs such as abdominal distension, seizures and bulging fontanelle. These mannequins can be intubated and cannulated (intravenous and intraosseous) and can have chest tubes inserted. Clinical feedback on treatment and interventions facilitates an immersive clinical experience for participants.
A STRUCTURAL SUBUNIT MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF UREASE.

Abstract The feasibility of determining protein molecular weights in high concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride by ultracentrifugation has been investigated. Ribonuclease was used as a nondissociating protein, and several modifications of the sedimentation equilibrium method were employed. An investigation of urease by these methods produced evidence for a structural subunit of 83300 molecular weight.
A critique of Gershman's “Surviving Through Time”

Editors’ note:An editorial in our second issue noted an interest in a clear definition or conception of qualitative research. The Editors do not want to impose such a definition or conception. Yet, it is our aim, through the papers published in QSE,to become more clear about the generic characteristics and underlying assumptions of qualitative research. Our desire is to make these characteristics and assumptions a matter of open and on‐going debate. Thus, in this issue we introduce a section entitled “Qualities of the Qualitative.” John Bengston replies to Kathy Gershman's “Surviving Through Time,” which was published in the third issue of QSE.Bengston aims to delineate a few important qualities that make a study qualitative. The Editors will welcome a further comment from Gershman or other readers who want to push the clarification even further.
The medial preoptic and anterior hypothalamic regions of the rhesus monkey: cytoarchitectonic comparison with the human and evidence for sexual dimorphism.

Examination of thionin-stained sections through the hypothalamus of the rhesus monkey revealed nuclei that resemble the first, second and third interstitial nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus (INAH1-3) of the human. Volumetric analysis of these nuclei in a small sample of monkeys suggests that the nucleus that resembles INAH3 is larger in males than in females. INAH1-3 have each been reported to be larger in men than in women and each has been considered as a potential candidate for homology with the much-studied sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA) of the rat. Positional and cytoarchitectonic criteria suggest that of these nuclei, INAH3 and its potential counterpart in the rhesus monkey are the best candidates for homology with the SDN-POA. While the criteria employed in the present study may be used to suggest homologies, they are not adequate to confirm them. Confirmation of the homologies suggested here must rely on other considerations such as connectivity, neurotransmitter and peptide content, and function. It is hoped that the present report will stimulate interest in further examinations of the rhesus hypothalamus that will test both the suggested homologies and the evidence for sexual dimorphism.
Tumor registrar's role in TNM staging

The role of the tumor registrar in TNM staging has not been clearly defined. This paper shows how this can be clarified in individual hospital cancer programs and how the tumor registrar serves as a key member of the cancer team in implementing physician TNM staging. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Studies of the mitochondria and enzymes from the ventricle of the whelk, Busycon contrarium

Abstract 1. 1. Tightly-coupled mitochondria were isolated from the ventricle of the marine gastropod, Busycon contrarium . 2. 2. Succinate and malate were readily oxidized by these mitochondria. Pyruvate alone was not oxidized, but its utilization could be initiated by the addition of small amounts of malate to the reaction medium. In terms of amino acid substrates, proline, ornithine, glutamate and aspartate were oxidized in order of decreasing activity. 3. 3. α-Glycerophosphate was a good respiratory substrate in these mitochondria, indicating the probable existence of an α-glycerophosphate cycle in this tissue. Intermediates of fatty acid metabolism were not oxidized by the mitochondria from B. contrarium ventricle. 4. 4. Activities of the major enzymes involved in glucose/glycogen metabolism (phosphorylase, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase) were high in this tissue. The respiratory properties of the mitochondria, coupled with data on enzyme activities and presence of potential substrates in the tissue, suggest that carbohydrate is the preferred fuel for the ventricle of B. contrarium .
Ring-Toss : Capping highly exposed tyrosyl or tryptophyl residues in proteins with β-cyclodextrin

Abstract We have used UV difference spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy to study the perturbation by β-cyclodextrin of tyrosyl or tryptophyl residues located at each of the 10 variable consensus contact positions in the third domain of turkey ovomucoid. The goal was to monitor the accessibility of the side chain rings of these residues when located at these positions. The results indicated that the tyrosyl or tryptophyl rings are most highly exposed when located in the P 1 position followed by the P 4 position. It was possible to determine the association constants for β-cyclodextrin binding at these positions. When located at the P 2 , P 5 , P 6 and P 3 ′ positions, the rings of the tyrosyl or tryptophyl residues were exposed but less so than at the P 1 or P 4 positions. By contrast, when located at the P 1 ′, P 2 ′, P 14 ′ and P 18 ′ positions, the tyrosyl or tryptophyl residues were insufficiently exposed to be perturbed by β-cyclodextrin, although they reacted positively to dimethyl sulfoxide solvent perturbation. These findings indicate that β-cyclodextrin perturbation provides a convenient way to detect highly exposed tyrosyls or tryptophyls in proteins. Furthermore, we evaluated the ability of β-cyclodextrin to inhibit the interaction of turkey ovomucoid third domain variants with different P 1 residues. The results showed that the presence of β-cyclodextrin had little effect on the association constant when the P 1 residue was a glycyl residue, but greatly decreased the association constant when the P 1 residue was a tyrosyl or tryptophyl residue. Thus, β-cyclodextrin may be used to selectively modulate the interaction between proteinase inhibitors and their cognate enzymes.
Evaluation of Four Point‐Of‐Care Glucose Meters in Alpacas

Purpose Hospitalized alpacas are often hyperglycemic requiring frequent blood glucose testing. Objectives To compare the performance of 4 brands of glucometers with a laboratory-based analyzer (LCA) over a range of glucose concentrations in alpacas. Animals Four healthy male alpacas. Methods A 2-treatment cross-over study was utilized. The alpacas were given 0.4 U/kg of regular insulin intravenously and then 500 mg/kg of dextrose intravenously with a 1 week washout period between treatments. Blood samples were collected from 10 minutes before until 6 hours after drug administration. Glucose concentrations were measured in whole blood and plasma samples on 4 glucometers, and serum glucose was measured on an LCA. Results Glucometer performance varied depending on whether glucose concentrations were measured in plasma or whole blood. Based on error grid analysis, the Precision Xtra and One Touch Ultra 2 glucometers were clinically acceptable for testing whole blood samples, whereas the Accu-Chek Aviva and Nova StatStrip Xpress glucometers were clinically acceptable for testing plasma samples in comparison with serum glucose concentrations determined by the LCA. All glucometers had systematic and proportional biases that varied based on sample type. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Human-based glucometers in alpacas should be used cautiously, particularly at higher blood glucose concentrations. The blood sample type (plasma or whole blood) can alter meter performance when compared with serum glucose concentrations and potentially lead to errors in clinical decisions.
PORK-BARREL POLITICS, TARGETABLE POLICIES, AND FISCAL FEDERALISM

This article utilizes a simple model of redistributive politics with jurisdictional specific local projects to analyze the inefficiencies that arise under differing levels of targetability in both taxes/transfers and local projects. The ability to tactically target taxes/transfers and/or local projects leads political parties to engage in pandering to favored groups. However, in equilibrium, we find that greater targetability in the set of available policies actually intensifies the competition between the political parties and so increases efficiency in the provision of local projects. (JEL: D72, H41)
Walking Down the Sunny Side of the Street: Three Studies Developing a Spiritually Nuanced Measure of Optimism

Across a series of studies, an effort was made to operationalize optimism in a spiritually nuanced fashion. In the first study, it was proposed and tested that spiritual optimism might consist of two factors: “here and now” and “end of story” optimism. However, a second study suggested that spiritual optimism had more of a unitary quality. The second study also suggested that the construct of spiritual optimism was separate from the construct of hope. The third study confirmed the unitary nature of the spiritual optimism measure and provided evidence for the construct validity of the measure. Spiritual optimism was directly related to a general measure of coping and a measure of religious coping. The relationships between spiritual optimism and different types of religious coping appeared stronger than between spiritual optimism and the more general measures of coping.
Rehardening of softened enamel surfaces of human teeth by solutions of calcium phosphates.

REHARDENING of softened human enamel has been attempted in the past1–3, but has not been clearly demonstrated since the earlier workers were not able to show that the softened material was not lost. Knoop hardness measurements provide a quantitative and sensitive measure of surface changes, and any loss of surface can be shown by alterations of the size and shape of the previously placed indentations. This communication describes conditions which have been developed for rehardening tooth surfaces, softened by a prior treatment with a buffer.
Perceptions of Proteges' vs Nonproteges' Relationships with Their Peers, Superiors, and Departments.

Abstract Proteges′ and nonproteges′ relationships with their peers, superiors, and departments were compared. Evaluations were made by proteges′ mentors and nonproteges′ supervisors as well as by proteges and nonproteges. The prediction that proteges would be perceived to have less favorable relationships with their peers, superiors, and departments than nonproteges was partially supported. Mentors rated their proteges′ relationships with their peers, superiors, and departments less favorably than proteges rated their own relationships. Supervisors rated their nonproteges′ relationships with their superiors and departments more favorably than nonproteges rated them. Mentors′ and supervisors′ ratings of their proteges′/nonproteges′ relationships did not differ nor did proteges′ and nonproteges′ ratings of their own relationships.
Comparison of Accuracy for Detecting Coronary Artery Disease and Side-Effect Profile of Dipyridamole Thallium-201 Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Women Versus Men

Abstract Intravenous dipyridamole planar thallium-201 imaging is a safe and effective test for detection and prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the general population. The relative diagnostic accuracy and side-effect profile of dipyridamole thallium-201 stress imaging in women is not defined. Forty-three consecutive female and 71 male patients who underwent dipyridamole thallium-201 imaging (0.56 mg/kg) within 3 months of cardiac catheterization were studied. Scans were considered abnormal if fixed or reversible perfusion defects were detected. Stenosis severity of ≥50% luminal diameter reduction of any artery defined CAD. Overall sensitivity for detection of CAD was 0.87 in women and 0.94 in men; specificity was 0.58 in women and 0.63 in men (p = not significant). Sensitivity for detection of 1-vessel CAD was 0.60 in women and 0.94 in men (p = 0.001). The sensitivity for detection of muttivessel CAD (with or without surgical revascularization) was 1.0 and 0.94 in women and men, respectively. Adverse effects were reported in 62% of women and in 38% of men (p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in the incidences of chest pain, headache, nausea, flushing or electrocardiographic changes. The incidences of severe ischemia and dizziness were higher in women. Possible explanations for this difference in adverse effects include gender differences in the volume of distribution of dipyridamole due to varied fat-to-muscle ratios and different subjective nocioceptive sensitivities to the effects of dipyridamole. Overall sensitivity and specificity are comparable between the sexes.
Rational organizational decision making in the human firm: A socio-economic model

Abstract The purpose of this article is to synthesize the most important organizational insights concerning the making of large, complex, ill-structured decisions and to link these to important economic concepts. The result is a socio-economic model of the rationality of organizational decision-making.
Participation survey/mobility: psychometric properties of a measure of participation for people with mobility impairments and limitations.

Abstract Gray DB, Hollingsworth HH, Stark SL, Morgan KA. Participation Survey/Mobility: psychometric properties of a measure of participation for people with mobility impairments and limitations. Objective To describe the development and psychometric properties of a self-report survey of participation by people with mobility limitations, the Participation Survey/Mobility (PARTS/M). Design The information obtained during interviews and focus groups was used to develop items for the PARTS/M. Demographics and measures of disability, health, and functioning were collected. The PARTS/M was administered twice. Setting Primarily in the midwestern United States. Participants Purposeful sample of 604 people with mobility limitations having a diagnosis of spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, stroke, or postpoliomyelitis. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure PARTS/M is composed of 20 major life activities that are placed in 6 domains used in the activity/participation component of the International Classification of Functioning , Disability and Health : self-care; mobility; domestic life; interpersonal interactions and relationships; major life areas; and community, social, and civic life. For each activity, questions were asked about components of participation including frequency, health-related limitations, importance, choice, satisfaction, use of assistive technology, and use of personal assistance. Results PARTS/M domains and components of participation had good internal consistency and stability. Composite participation scores were developed for participation components and domains. Conclusions PARTS/M is a reliable measure of some aspects of participation in major life activities for people with mobility impairments and limitations living in community settings.
Probabilistic project management

Abstract This paper discusses the principal shortcomings of the deterministic network analysis techniques PERT and CPM, and describes a probabilistic approach that attempts to overcome these deficiencies through the use of statistical activity duration distributionsand probabilities of completion. Reference is made to the PMS software package for the MS-DOS microcomputer environment which embodies the principles of the probabilistic approach.
Strain-rate effect on brittle failure in compression

A simple model of an array of interacting, dynamically growing wing cracks is used to simulate the rate-dependent dynamic damage evolution and subsequent brittle failure of solids under compression. The validity of the model is discussed. Parameters which identify the overall failure by the coalescence of compression-induced, interacting, tensile microcracks are calculated in closed form, and relations between microstructure and the corresponding rate dependency of the overall response are examined in some detail. It is shown that the experimentally observed change in the compressive failure stress with increasing strain rate, may be considered to be a consequence of the generation and dynamic growth of interacting, compression-induced, tensile microcracks. Examples of brittle failure in uniaxial stress and uniaxial strain conditions, respectively, produced in the Hopkinson compression bar and normal plate-impact experiments, are discussed in terms of this model.
Structural and bonding properties of bcc-based B 80 solids

A density-functional-theory investigation of bcc ${\text{B}}_{80}$ and ${\text{K}}_{6}{\text{B}}_{80}$ is presented. The calculations show that ${\text{B}}_{80}$ cages pack closely on a bcc lattice, with bond formation between atoms on both nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor molecules. While the binding energy of 9.9 eV/molecule is only about half that calculated for fcc ${\text{B}}_{80}$, potassium intercalation of bcc ${\text{B}}_{80}$ adds an ionic component to the binding to further stabilize the lattice. Both ${\text{B}}_{80}$ and ${\text{K}}_{6}{\text{B}}_{80}$ are calculated to be metallic. The electronic structure is analyzed in terms of ionic and covalent effects, and the bonding is discussed in terms of a balance between two- and three-center bonding.
Psychophysiological Aspects of Migraine Headaches

So complex are migraine headaches that the interplay of both psychological and physiological components is needed to explain and relieve symptoms. The difficulties of defining and delimiting migraine attacks, etiological theories and treatment approaches were reviewed with emphasis on the psychosomatic aspects.
TU-SAMS-AUD-01: QA for Linacs and MLC Used for IMRT

Intensity‐modulated radiotherapy(IMRT) has become a part of our routine treatment for external beam radiotherapy. Most quality assurance procedures set for linear accelerators and multi‐leaf collimators(MLC) have been designed for conventional external beam radiotherapy. With IMRT, radiation portals are often irregular, small, off‐center, and abutting in the middle of the target volumes, which require specific IMRT QA for the linear accelerators and MLCs. Some of the QA issues are related to the specific IMRT delivery method, and the specific treatment planning system. This course will discuss: (1) the characteristics of three major MLCcollimators and the specific QA related to the unique MLC design; (2) additional QA for linear accelerators pertinent to the small MU and small field sizes used in IMRT; (3) tools often used to perform these QA tasks; (4) specific QA issues for different IMRT delivery methods, step and shoot vs sliding window. Educational Objectives: 1. Understand the characteristics of three major MLC systems. 2. Understand different IMRT delivery methods and their specific QA issues. 3. Understand effect of QA on the IMRT delivery accuracy.
High performance bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells fabricated with non-halogenated solvent processing

Abstract High efficiency bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells based upon poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) are typically solution processed using halogenated solvents like dichlorobenzene (DCB). In this report, we tune the quality of solvent systems using more environmentally friendly, halogen-free solvents to mimic that of DCB based on Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs). A mixture of acetophenone (AP) and mesitylene (MS) can nearly match the HSPs for DCB. Solar cells fabricated using this solvent mixture can exhibit power conversion efficiency (PCE) comparable to that from DCB with a similar surface morphology. It is critical to control the drying process in the mixed solvent system due to significant volatility difference between AP and MS in order to achieve comparable morphology and PCE. This report illustrates a route to fabricate high efficiency BHJ solar cells from halogen-free solvent systems that could eliminate potential hurdles for manufacturing scale-up of organic BHJ solar cells.
TPZ: photometric redshift PDFs and ancillary information by using prediction trees and random forests

With the growth of large photometric surveys, accurately estimating photometric redshifts, preferably as a probability density function (PDF), and fully understanding the implicit systematic uncertainties in this process, has become increasingly important. In this paper, we present a new, publicly available, parallel, machine learning algorithm that generates photometric redshift PDFs by using prediction trees and random forest techniques, which we have named TPZ. 1 This new algorithm incorporates measurement errors into the calculation while also dealing efficiently with missing values in the data. In addition, our implementation of this algorithm provides supplementary information regarding the data being analysed, including unbiased estimates of the accuracy of the technique without resorting to a validation data set, identification of poor photometric redshift areas within the parameter space occupied by the spectroscopic training data, a quantification of the relative importance of the variables used to construct the PDF, and a robust identification of outliers. This extra information can be used to optimally target new spectroscopic observations and to improve the overall efficacy of the redshift estimation. We have tested TPZ on galaxy samples drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) main galaxy sample and from the Deep Extragalactic Evolutionary Probe-2 (DEEP2) survey, obtaining excellent results in each case. We also have tested our implementation by participating in the PHAT1 project, which is a blind photometric redshift contest, finding that TPZ performs comparable to if not better than other empirical photometric redshift algorithms. Finally, we discuss the various parameters that control the operation of TPZ, the specific limitations of this approach and an application of photometric redshift PDFs.
Unique Base-Step Recognition by a Platinum-Acridinylthiourea Conjugate Leads to a DNA Damage Profile Complementary to That of the Anticancer Drug Cisplatin †

The sequence specificity and time course of covalent DNA adduct formation of the novel platinum−acridine conjugate [PtCl(en)(ACRAMTU)](NO3)2 [PT-ACRAMTU, 2; en = ethane-1,2-diamine, ACRAMTU = 1-[2-(acridin-9-ylamino)ethyl]-1,3-dimethylthiourea] have been investigated using restriction enzyme cleavage and transcription footprinting assays and compared to the damage produced by the clinical agent cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin, 1). The rate of DNA binding of 1 and 2 was also monitored by atomic emission spectrometry. Restriction enzymes were chosen that cleave the phosphodiester linkage at, or adjacent to, the predicted damage sites. While conjugate 2 selectively protected supercoiled plasmid from cleavage by EcoRI and DraI enzymes at their respective restriction sites, G↓AATTC and TTT↓AAA, 1 inhibited DNA hydrolysis by HindIII and PspOMI at A↓AGCTT and G↓GGCCC (arrows mark cleavage sites) more efficiently. Transcription footprinting using T7 RNA polymerase revealed major single-base damage sit...
A Closed Loop Threshold Calibrator for Pulse Height Discriminators

This paper describes a simple method of inflight calibration of pulse amplitude discriminator thresholds on satellite-borne particle detection experiments. The calibrator uses the discriminator output as a feedback control signal to adjust the average output of a test pulse generator. The test pulse amplitude is stabilized when the discriminator "half-triggers". The average control voltage is a direct measure of the pulse height discriminator threshold. Better than 1% accuracy is obtained over a 50:1 range of discriminator settings. Automatic ranging circuits extend the calibrator dynamic range to 5000:1.
Comparison of a-Si:H CsI flat-panel digital imaging systems with a CCD-based system, CR systems, and conventional screen-film systems: a contrast-detail phantom study

Low-contrast detail detectability was evaluated and compared for a flat-panel digital chest system, a computed radiography (CR) system and a conventional screen/film (SF) system. Images of a contrast-detail phantom were acquired using these three systems under identical conditions. Additional images were acquired at varied exposures to study the potential for reduction of patient exposure using the flat-panel system. The results demonstrated that in chest imaging, the flat-panel system performed significantly better than the CR and the SF systems while the latter two performed about the same. Alternatively, an exposure reduction of at least 50% is possible if the same performance is maintained. For mammographic imaging, detectability for microcalcifications ((mu) Cs) was evaluated and compared for a flat-panel based full-field digital mammography (FFDM) system, a charge-coupled device (CCD) -based small-field system, a high resolution CR system and a conventional SF system. Images of simulated calcifications of three size ranges were acquired and evaluated by readers for detectability of the (mu) Cs. A Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis was also performed to compare the overall detection accuracy for these four mammographic imaging systems. Our results show that in both the detectability analysis and the ROC analysis, the flat-panel systems performed the best followed by the screen/film system. The CCD based system showed better detection accuracy compared to the CR system in the ROC analysis. However, there was no significant difference between the CCD and the CR systems in the detectability analysis.
Recent Changes in the Near-Ultraviolet and Optical Structure of η Carinae

Multiepoch HST/WFPC2 images of η Carinae are used to investigate the relationship between the photometric variability of the circumstellar nebula and the variability of the central star. In the past few years, the central star has brightened considerably, and the response of the reflection nebula to this brightening has been surprisingly complex. While the central star has brightened by a factor of 2 at near-ultraviolet and optical wavelengths, bright dust condensations in the bipolar lobes have increased by only a factor of ~1.3, and dark lanes between these dust condensations have brightened by factors of 1.5–2. Certain regions of the nebula have brightened much more than the star itself (as much as a factor of 8), and others have actually faded, despite the brightening of the star. Some of the anomalous fading can be attributed to contributions of intrinsic [S III] and [N II] line emission. The variations of the equivalent width of [S III] λ6312 and [N II] λ6583 as measured in the WFPC2 F631N and F658N filters follow the same trend of other high-excitation lines observed in ground-based spectra during η Car's 5.5 yr spectroscopic cycle, and the amplitude of the change accounts for the total change measured in ground-based spectra for these same lines. The WFPC2 images indicate, however, that these high-excitation lines are emitted by circumstellar gas at distances of a few hundred to a few thousand AU from the star, probably located in the equatorial plane. Thus, periodic ionization of gas at large distances from the central star appears to dominate the spectroscopic changes that define the 5.5 yr cycle. The fact that the variable high-excitation emission is extended places important constraints on models for η Car's 5.5 yr spectroscopic variability.