cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Organizational Climate and Managerial Job Satisfaction: An Empirical Study

Summary.-This study investigated the impact of perceived organizational climate on non-managerial job satisfaction of 118 non-managerial personnel who completed a three-part questionnaire which solicited demographic information and the identification of and preferences for specific characteristics of organizational climate. The surveyed personnel had a strong preference for open as opposed to closed characteristics of organizational climate; to the degree that they claimed to be familiar with the behavioral science theories of management there is an increasingly favorable disposition toward the theories; and among those Ss who perceived closed characteristics, there was a marked desire for a diminution of the impact of those characteristics. Similar results were obtained, by the authors, in a previous study of organizational climate and managerial job satisfaction. For the past twenty years, behavioral scientists have attempted to demonstrate that an organizational climate which permits an individual to experience a relatively great degree of freedom or latitude will have a beneficial effect on job satisfaction. Emphasis has been laced upon enabling an individual to affect the nature of his work, work pace, and work environment in such a way as to maximize opportunity for self-control. Vroom (15) equated job satisfaction with the attractiveness of a job to an employee. Adams ( 1) suggested that a job satisfaction is determined directly by an employee's ~erceived input-outcome ratio. It may be reasonably argued that the determinants of the perceived organizational climate may be equated with the outcome portion of the ratio. Climate usually refers to an internal organizational phenomenon surrounding and influencing the decisions of individuals or small groups (6). Halpin and Croft have equated internal climate with an organizational "personality" (8). Tagiuri (14) in an early chapter defined organizational climate in terms of an enduring quality that is experienced, which influences behavior and which can be described by the values of some set of organizational attributes. A comprehensive treatment of the topic was given by Tagiuri and Litwin (14). Schaffer ( 12) found that "job satisfaction will vary directly with the extent that those needs of an individual which can be satisfied are actually satisfied." Converse (3) suggests that each individual is involved in an attempt to gain control over the major elements in his work environment. Dalton and Lawrence (4) indicate that job satisfaction is a
Halo Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer

We describe a novel radio frequency ion trap mass analyzer based on toroidal trapping geometry and microfabrication technology. The device, called the halo ion trap, consists of two parallel ceramic plates, the facing surfaces of which are imprinted with sets of concentric ring electrodes. Radii of the imprinted rings range from 5 to 12 mm, and the spacing between the plates is 4 mm. Unlike conventional ion traps, in which hyperbolic metal electrodes establish equipotential boundary conditions, electric fields in the halo ion trap are established by applying different radio frequency potentials to each ring. The potential on each ring can be independently optimized to provide the best trapping field. The halo ion trap features an open structure, allowing easy access for in situ ionization. The toroidal geometry provides a large trapping and analyzing volume, increasing the number of ions that can be stored and reducing the effects of space-charge on mass analysis. Preliminary mass spectra show resolution ...
The principle of equivalence

Abstract Various statements identified with the principle of equivalence are not acceptable because they are either not generally valid or are simply the definition of an inertial coordinate system. The accepted statement refers, roughly speaking, to the equivalence of inertial mass with passive and active gravitational mass. The clarification of this problem is greatly eased by a detailed study of the static homogeneous gravitational field which precedes the discussion of the equivalence principle. The role of electromagnetic phenomena, and, in particular, the presence of a charge in such a field is analyzed in detail.
Characterization of surface states in HCl-grown oxides using MOS transient currents

Abstract A fast transient current (TC) technique has been developed for the characterization of majority carrier charge emission from surface states using MOS capacitors excited by a voltage step-function. This technique, with appropriate choice of initial and final biasing conditions, allows a rapid determination of the density of surface states (Nss) and their capture cross section values (σn) in preselected regions of band gap using suitable temperature ambients. A low temperature (113°K) was used for regions close to the bottom of conduction band and room temperature and moderately low temperatures were used for the mid-gap region. Results of transient current measurements were compared with those obtained from thermally stimulated current and low frequency C-V measurements. The MOS devices were fabricated using [100] oriented n-type (6–8 Ω-cm) silicon on n+ substrates with HCl added to the oxidizing ambient. The detectability limit of the TC technique has been found to be approximately 1 × 1010 cm−2 eV−1 for the device area used.
High performance germanium photodetectors integrated on submicron silicon waveguides by low temperature wafer bonding

We demonstrate germanium photodetectors integrated on submicron silicon waveguides fabricated with a low temperature ( 0.4 A/W and an estimated quantum efficiency of above 90%.
Mesothelioma from chrysotile asbestos: update.

Purpose There are different mineral classes of asbestos, including serpentines and amphiboles. Chrysotile is the main type of serpentine and by far the most frequently used type of asbestos (about 95% of world production and use). There has been continuing controversy over the capability of chrysotile asbestos to cause pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma. This review is to help clarify the issue by detailing cases and epidemiology studies worldwide where chrysotile is the exclusive or overwhelming fiber exposure. Methods A worldwide literature review was conducted of asbestos and associated mesothelioma including case series, case-control and cohort epidemiology studies searching for well documented chrysotile asbestos associated mesothelioma cases. Results Chrysotile asbestos exposures have occurred in many countries around the world from mining, manufacturing and community exposures. There have been many documented cases of mesothelioma from those exposures. Conclusions Chrysotile asbestos, along with all other types of asbestos, has caused mesothelioma and a world-wide ban of all asbestos is warranted to stop an epidemic of mesothelioma.
Non-isothermal, non-Newtonian Hele-Shaw flows within Cattaneo's heat flux law

In this paper, we consider a non-isothermal, non-Newtonian injection process. This leads to the study of a novel elliptic-hyperbolic system. The hyperbolic nature of the system arises because we replace the infinite speed of propagation from classical, thermal elasticity by a finite propagation velocity. We present a formal derivation of the elliptic-hyperbolic system starting from conservations of mass, momentum, and energy in a three-dimensional domain, where the removal of the infinite propagation speed is achieved using Cattaneo's law for heat conduction. The existence of weak solutions to certain elliptic-hyperbolic problems associated with the resulting equations is proved.
Graduate education in landscape planning: the berkeley model

Abstract The program in environmental planning at the University of California at Berkeley offers an example of the possibilities and challenges of work at a major American public university. This multi-disciplinary program has ties to more than a dozen allied fields. It takes an aggressive, adversarial role in the field of land planning/development and environmental management within the highly charged context of development in the far western United States. Examples of courses, research facilities and study projects are given.
Cultural differences in possible selves during later life.

Abstract This study explored the ways in which culture may influence the hoped-for and feared possible selves of older adults. Cultural differences are explained within the theoretical paradigm of individualism versus collectivism. The sample consisted of 50 Spanish-speaking natives and 50 White non-Hispanic English-speaking natives. Their ages ranged from 60 to over 90 years. Results indicate that the possible selves of native English speakers reflect the characteristics of an individualistic culture, and the possible selves of native Spanish speakers reflect the characteristics of a collectivistic culture. Native English speakers were more likely to have hoped-for selves in the abilities/education domain and feared selves in the physical domains. Native Spanish speakers were more likely to report feared possible selves associated with loss of loved ones and both hoped and feared selves related to family. Moreover, secondary analyses revealed interesting intersections between developmental and cultural themes in later life.
Adding coping-related strategies to biomedical argumentation in computer-generated genetic counseling patient letters

Abstract Objective Previously an experimental computer system was developed to automatically produce first drafts of genetic counseling patient letters containing biomedical evidence-based arguments. However, letters written by genetic counselors also employ strategies to help clients cope. The objectives of this research were to discover methods for addition of coping-related strategies to the drafts and to explore their efficacy. Methods Using an argumentation-based approach, the system design was modified to add coping-related strategies used by actual genetic counselors. An evaluation of computer-produced drafts was performed comparing those containing only biomedical arguments to those with coping strategies added to biomedical arguments. Results The evaluation mainly found no significant impact of adding coping strategies. Conclusion The main contribution of this work was to show how coping-related strategies can be produced by an artificial intelligence approach within an argumentation-based theoretical framework. A possible future application would be to improve computer-drafted genetic counseling patient letters. Practice implications Computer-assisted drafting of letters has potential to aid in the practice of genetic counseling. Further research is needed to demonstrate the efficacy of adding coping strategies to computer-produced drafts.
Exploring the training needs of older workers in the foodservice industry.

Abstract The current study explored older workers’ perceptions of the training they receive in foodservice establishments, including perceptions of training methods, pace, and the use of technology in training. Data for this study were collected through two focus groups of foodservice employees 55 and older, where participants responded to semi-structured questions about their training experiences. Analysis of the focus group data revealed three overarching themes: (1) need for better leadership, (2) training structure, and (3) pride and enjoyment at work. Respondents emphasized the importance of managerial support, were eager for continued training, perceived the greatest benefit to on-the-job training, and appreciated the use of technology in training but were frustrated with the short time allocated to learning new technologies. Recommendations are made for training practices endorsed by older workers that organizations could adopt to improve the retention and performance of older workers, who are increasingly becoming important to the hospitality industry.
Resonant pulse excitation leading to ionization

Laser excitation of a two-level atom is analytically studied for arbitrary pulse shape, area, and energy. The ionization mechanism is modeled as a homogeneous width ..gamma.. of the atomic excited state. A transformation of the optical Bloch equations allows the dynamics to be completely described by a single equation for the area of the pulse at time t, Phi (t). Analytic solutions for the total bound population for a wide variety of pulse shapes can be found in two regions: Phi (t) approx. = sinPhi (t) and ..cap omega.. (t) > ..gamma.., where ..cap omega.. (t) is the resonance Rabi frequency. The generalization of the two-level atom results to the N-level atom is discussed.
Dependence of Site-2 Protease Cleavage of ATF6 on Prior Site-1 Protease Digestion Is Determined by the Size of the Luminal Domain of ATF6 *

ATF6 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-anchored transcription factor activated by regulated intramembrane proteolysis in the ER stress response. The release of the cytosolic transcription factor domain of ATF6 requires the sequential processing by the Golgi site-1 and site-2 proteases (S1P and S2P). It has been unclear why S2P proteolysis relies on previous site-1 cleavage. One possibility is that S2P localizes to a different cellular compartment than S1P; however, here we show that S2P localizes to the same compartment as S1P, the cis/medial-Golgi. In addition, we have re-localized S1P and S2P to the ER with brefeldin A and find that the sequential cleavage of ATF6 is reconstituted in the ER. The mapping of the region of ATF6 required for sequential S1P and S2P cleavage showed that short luminal domains resulted in S1P-independent S2P cleavage. The addition of artificial domains onto these short ATF6 luminal domains restored the S1P dependence of S2P cleavage, suggesting that it is the size rather than specific sequences in the luminal domain that determines the S1P dependence of S2P cleavage. These results suggest that the bulky ATF6 luminal domain blocks S2P cleavage and that the role of S1P is to reduce the size of the luminal domain to prepare ATF6 to be an optimal S2P substrate.
The Robbins Trap: British Attitudes and the Limits of Expansion

The Robbins Report (1963) helped to justify and chart the great expansion of British higher education in the decade and a half following up its publication. But this liberal and expansionist document has also served to limit the growth of British higher education by affirming the values and assumptions that define the English ‘idea of a university’. Among these values are: (i) the monopoly by state supported institutions of study leading to degrees; (ii) their commitment to high and common academic standards for the honours degree; (iii) a degree earned through full-time study over three years; and (iv) the costs of student maintenance and instruction being borne wholly (or nearly so) by the state. These values and commitments, accepted by Robbins and the academic community as a whole, are incompatible with the provision of mass higher education to much more than the 15 per cent of the age grade currently enrolled in British higher education.
Automatic, black-box model order reduction using radial basis functions

Finite elements methods have long made use of model order reduction (MOR), particularly in the context of fast frequency sweeps. In this paper, we discuss a black-box MOR technique, applicable to a many solution methods and not restricted only to spectral responses. We also discuss automated methods for generating a reduced order model that meets a given error tolerance. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness and wide applicability of the method.
Initial study of an asymmetric PET system dedicated to breast cancer imaging

We are developing a positron emission tomography (PET) system dedicated to breast cancer imaging and based on a pseudo-pinhole PET geometry. The system consists of a small half-ring (r=153 mm) of high-resolution LSO detectors and a large half-ring (R=413 mm) of medium-resolution LSO detectors. The coincidence detection profile between a small LSO crystal and a large LSO crystal reveals that, when the object imaged is located close to the small detector, the image resolution is primarily determined by the intrinsic spatial resolution of the small detector, and is only slightly affected by the resolution of the large detector. The dimensions of the crystals are 1.6/spl times/1.6/spl times/20 mm/sup 3/ for the small half-ring and 4.3/spl times/4.3/spl times/25 mm/sup 3/ for the large half-ring. Monte Carlo simulation of the system was performed using a modified SimSET package. The detectors in the small half ring are modeled as 2- or 4-layer detectors with DOI capability. One-mm point sources were simulated to measure the image resolution of the system at 0, 2, 6, and 10 cm offset along the +X, +Y and -Y directions. Results suggest image resolutions of 1.7-2.5 mm FWHM for breast tissues and 1.8-3.1 mm FWHM for tissues near the chest wall, including internal and axillary lymph nodes. Sensitivity of the system ranges from 5.4% to 7.8% and can be significantly increased if two planar detectors are attached to the system along the axial direction.
Effect of resonator losses on the sensitivity of coupled resonator optical waveguide gyroscopes.

Recently there has been a growing interest in microphotonic integrated optical gyroscopes. Here, we analyze the effect of resonator losses on the rotational sensitivity of a coupled resonator optical waveguide (CROW) gyroscope in comparison to a single passive resonator gyroscope of the same size. We show that the CROW gyro offers a superior sensitivity only for very low propagation losses. Moreover, the single ring resonator gyro is found to have a sensitivity that is stable over wide range of resonator losses as well as boasting greater sensitivities than the CROW gyro for propagation losses in the resonators exceeding 10−1 dB/cm.
A Rare Case of Primary High-Grade Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Sciatic Nerve

Primary high-grade large B-cell lymphoma of the sciatic nerve without any systemic or central nervous system manifestations is rare, and the natural history of the disease is reported to be aggressive. There is a paucity of data on the optimal treatment strategies for primary sciatic nerve lymphoma. Combined modality dose-adjusted R-EPOCH (rituximab, etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin) followed by involved field radiation treatment to the sciatic nerve might result in functional and sustained complete remission and is an alternative treatment option. Neurolymphomatosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of sciatic nerve tumors, and its accurate diagnosis is based on clinical features, expert hematopathology review, and functional imaging modalities including positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan.
The Complexity of the Treatment: The Decision-Making Process Among Women With Rheumatoid Arthritis:

There are effective medications available for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); yet, medication adherence remains a problem. In this study, grounded theory methodology was used to investigate the decision-making process used by 30 women with RA when deciding to participate in an evidence-based treatment regimen for this disease. From the study findings, a four-phase process was identified. Pain, life functioning, and exhaustion of health care resources are the components of the initial phase, decision initiation. During knowledge acquisition, the second phase, patients attain information about RA and medications used for its treatment from varying sources. The third phase, trusting the health care provider, is defined by a trusting relationship between patients and health care providers. Patients decide to take or not take medications for RA during the final phase, decision is made. The participating women with RA used a complex decision-making process when deciding to take medications for this disease.
A unified eigenfilter approach to the design of two-dimensional zero-phase FIR filters with the McClellan transform

A unified eigenfilter approach is proposed for determining the mean-square-optimal coefficients of the McClellan transformation. The approach applies to all filter shapes without the use of prior knowledge of the properties of the coefficients. Several design examples for arbitrarily shaped and oriented 2-D fan, elliptical, and diamond filters are given to demonstrate the results achieved with this method. Comparisons with other recently published methods are made to demonstrate the advantages of our method.
Probabilistic logic of quantum computers

Recently, quantum computers have been proposed as potentially the next-generation computer systems which will overcome the physical and computational limitations of current solid state technology. This paper suggests that the natural logic of quantum computers should be the probabilistic logic rather than the ordinary logic. In probabilistic logic, computational problems formulated directly may be solved with much less complexities by quantum computers.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Radical concentrations, environments, and reactivities during crosslinking polymerizations

Radical environments and concentrations during the crosslinking polymerizations of multiethylene glycol dimethacrylates were characterized with electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The relative concentrations of free and trapped radicals were used as a measure of certain structural features in the evolving polymer, especially with respect to microgel formation. The influence of monomer structure and crosslinking density on the polymer structure was studied by examining the radical behavior during the polymerization of diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, poly(ethylene glycol 200) dimethacrylate, and poly(ethylene glycol 600) dimethacrylate. The extent of radical trapping and microgel formation was found to increase with increasing crosslinking density. The influence of the rate of initiation on radical trapping was also investigated, and slower rates of polymerization led to a higher fraction of trapped radicals with respect to the total radical population. Finally, the termination mechanism of radicals was characterized (long-term and short-term) and the corresponding kinetic constants quantified.
Selection for Egg Production in the Domestic Fowl Under Normal and “Short Day” Environments

Abstract DRYDEN (1921), Hall (1938), Hays and Sanborn (1934), and Lerner (1950), all demonstrated that artificial selection when practiced over many generations, resulted in a marked increase in egg production. Although substantial gains were noted, it is obvious that the environment improved during these long periods and, therefore, the total gain in egg production may not have been the result of genetic improvement alone. There is substantial evidence indicating that while considerable progress can be obtained during the early generations of a selection program, sooner or later the response to selection becomes negligible (Mather, 1941; Mather and Harrison, 1949; Robertson, 1955; Rasmuson, 1955; Clayton and Robertson, 1957). This type of limited response after continued selection has been observed with respect to the genetic improvement of egg production in the domestic fowl (Lerner and Dempster, 1951; Yamada et al., 1958). A rather unique problem in selecting for egg production is the restricted . . .
Manning-Oosawa counterion condensation.

Counterion condensation is a basic feature of 2D electrostatics exhibited by highly charged rodlike polymers such as DNA. In the framework of the Poisson Boltzmann equation with salt, we show that such a polymer of radius $a$ attracts a condensate of thickness ${R}_{\mathrm{M}}=A(a\ensuremath{\xi}{)}^{1/2}$ where $\ensuremath{\xi}$ is the Debye length and $A$ depends weakly on the polymer charge density ${q}_{0}$. To leading order in $1/\mathrm{ln}﻿(\ensuremath{\xi}/a)$, we derive the condensate structure and show that free ions follow universal density profiles independent of $a$ and ${q}_{0}$. Generalizing this approach we calculate ion profiles for finite concentration solutions.
P-450 Eicosanoids: A Novel Signaling Pathway Regulating Renal Function

Cytochrome P-450 enzymes primarily metabolize arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) in the kidney. These compounds serve as second messengers that play a central role in the regulation of renal vascular tone and sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule and thick ascending loop of Henle.
Retained foreign body: A fingernail fragment

Abstract A 19-year-old female presented four and onehalf months after an occupational injury from a punch-type machine. Exploration revealed a large fragment of her fingernail embedded in the fingerpad. Foreign bodies are commonly encountered in the practice of emergency medicine and failure to localize and remove them can result in significant morbidity. We present a case of a fingernail as a foreign body. Foreign bodies may be difficult to detect despite sophisticated imaging techniques. Although not visualized often, a radiolucent foreign body may be inferred from boney changes. A thorough history regarding mechanism of injury and resultant wound exploration are required. When an adequate wound examination using digital tourniquet control and proper precautions is performed, the majority of foreign bodies will be detected.
Beam scrubbing strategy for electron-cloud suppression in the Spallation neutron source ring

Electron cloud is still an unsettled issue for the high intensity SNS storage ring. Studies are undergoing, especially on the electron multipacting condition, beam instability threshold, electron density and the electron dose on the wall. It has been simulated that the electron multipacting may generate very large electron dose that the pressure rise might become unacceptable. Chamber sections with high secondary electron yield and/or locations having large numbers of primary electrons, such as the injection region or the collimation area, are likely to have higher pressure rise. Beam scrubbing is proposed as one of the principle mitigations for the electron multipacting problem in the SNS. In this article, experiments of the beam scrubbing on existing machines will be reviewed, and specifics of the will be discussed
Subjective Probabilities on a State Space

This paper extends the work of Karni (2009) in two distinct directions. First, it generalizes the model allowing for action-bet interaction and, consequently, the possibility that the decision-maker’s risk attitudes may be affected by his choice of action. Second, it extends the analytical framework to include a state space and advances a choice-based definition of subjective probabilities that represent the beliefs of Bayesian decision makers regarding the likelihoods of events, thus resolving a fundamental diffi culty with the definition of subjective probabilities.
Estimation of synthetic aperture radar modulation transfer function parameters with spotlight mode data

During SAXON-FPN spotlight mode Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data was collected of ocean surface waves under different environmental conditions and imaging geometries. From this data, estimates can be derived for the values of three ocean surface parameters of importance to SAR imaging: (1) the range of radial velocities within a SAR resolution cell; (2) the magnitude of the real transfer function; and (3) the phase of the real transfer function. The real transfer function relates surface wave height modulations to modulations in radar cross section. In this paper the author describes a procedure to estimate these parameters from the spotlight data and show results from the SAXON-FPN data. For certain imaging geometries the parameter estimates are consistent with previous in situ measurements. >
Factors Affecting the Cuticle of the Egg as Measured by Intensity of Staining

Abstract Cuticle density was measured by the intensity of staining with Edicol Supra Pea Green H. Cuticle deteriorates with the age of the egg and at a faster rate when eggs are stored at 24°C. than at 5°C. The age of the hen does not influence the amount of cuticle on her eggs. There are marked differences among hens in cuticle density and distribution on their eggs. One of four pure line’s eggs stained blue while eggs from three other lines stained predominantly green. Variety differences in cuticle staining of eggs from six commercial varieties were observed. Fumigation caused a deterioration of the cuticle and less intense staining. Multiple fumigations increased the penetration of a dye through the shell. Chlorine dioxide (C102) did not affect the cuticle. Washing in a modern washer reduced the cuticle primarily by the abrasion of brushes. The uric acid portion of manure found on dirty eggs was shown to cause a reduction in cuticle staining intensity.
Placement Method Targeting Predictability Robustness and Performance

We study the relationship between robustness, predictability and performance of VLSI circuits. It is shown that predictability and performance are conflicting objectives. Performance and robustness are statically conflicting objectives but they are statistically non-conflicting. We propose and develop means for changing a standard timing-driven partitioning-based placement algorithm in order to design more predictable and robust circuits without sacrificing much of performance.
The Impact of Seed Industry Concentration on Innovation: A Study of U.S. Biotech Market Leaders

Agricultural research drives increases in agricultural productivity, and the number of private agricultural input firms has been declining. The empirical relationship between the number of firms doing applied biotechnology crop research and the amount of research output they produce is investigated in a research profit function model. Increases in seed industry concentration have reduced biotech research intensity in the United States in the 1990s. Concentration and research are simultaneously determined and are influenced by the appropriability of research results and the state of technological opportunity.
Development of Genic Male-sterile Watermelon Lines with Delayed-green Seedling Marker

Hybrid seed production can be facilitated by using male sterility coupled with a seedling marker. This research was initiated to combine the ms male sterility and dg delayed-green seedling marker into watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) lines. Male-sterile plants of the male-sterile line G17AB were crossed with plants of delayed-green breeding line Pale90, which has yellow cotyledons and pale-green, newly developed, true leaves. The double-recessive recombinants, male sterile and delayed green, from the F2 population were backcrossed to the male-fertile plants of G17AB. The pedigree method was used for selection in the progenies. The segregation ratios obtained from F2 and BC1F2 populations suggest that the male-sterile and delayed-green traits are inherited independently and that delayed green is inherited as a single recessive nuclear gene. Two male-sterile watermelon lines with delayed-green seedling marker have been developed. These lines will provide a convenient way to introduce male sterility and the delayed-green seedling marker into various genetic backgrounds. These two lines can be used for testing the efficiency of a new, hybrid, watermelon, seed production system.
Pharmacokinetics of Ticarcillin in Patients with Abnormal Renal Function

The pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin were determined in patients with abnormal renal function. In individuals with rates of creatinine clearance of greater than 60 ml per min, the half-life (+/- standard deviation) of ticarcillin was 71 +/- 6 min after intravenous administration. In patients with rates of creatinine clearance of 30-60 ml per min, 10-30 ml per min, and less than 10 ml per min, ticarcillin had a half-life of 3.0 +/- 0.6 hr, 8.5 +/- 2.1 hr, and 14.8 +/- 3.7 hr, respectively. Urinary concentrations of ticarcillin after intravenous administration were adequate at all levels of renal function. Ticarcillin was removed by hemodialysis with a reduction in half-life to 3.4 +/- 0.8 hr, but peritoneal dialysis was minimally effective in removing the drug. A program for the use of ticarcillin patients with renal insufficiency was outlined.
Dexamethasone attenuates grain sorghum dust extract-induced increase in macromolecular efflux in vivo

The purpose of this study was to determine whether dexamethasone attenuates grain sorghum dust extract-induced increase in macromolecular efflux from the in situ hamster cheek pouch and, if so, whe...
Biomass Pyrolysis: A Review of the Literature Part 1—Carbohydrate Pyrolysis

A normative review of the literature describing the products, mechanisms and rates of carbohydrate pyrolysis is presented. The role of a complex sequence of competing solid and vapor phase pyrolysis pathways is elucidated.
MILAN: A Design Environment for Latency and Energy Efficient Implementation of Adaptive Antenna Applications

Adaptive antenna applications demand high-performance, control and data intensive processing, and are deployed in energy constrained envi-ronments. Heterogeneous embedded systems that integrate several components such as reconfigurable devices, general purpose processors or DSPs, and memory onto a single system are attractive targets for implementing such applications. Such systems support various capabilities such as reconfiguration, dynamic voltage and frequency scaling, and low-power operating states. Such choices during application design result in a large design space that must be traversed efficiently. We propose an embedded system design environment that enables efficient traversal of a large design space. The environment supports modeling of adaptive antenna applications, candidate hardware architectures, mapping information, performance requirements, and design constraints. Using the information captured in the models, the environment facilitates rapid design space exploration using optimization heuristics and hierarchical simulation. The design environment can be used to identify energy and latency efficient mappings for a given application and target hardware, or, if a set of hardware choices are given, select the most energy efficient hardware and the corresponding mapping. We illustrate the advantages of the design environment through efficient hardware selection for, and mapping of, an adaptive minimum variance distortionless response beamformer.
Prolonged Oral Administration of a Pan-Retinoic Acid Receptor Antagonist Inhibits Spermatogenesis in Mice With a Rapid Recovery and Changes in the Expression of Influx and Efflux Transporters

We have previously shown that oral administration of a pan-retinoic acid receptor antagonist in mice daily at 2.5 mg/kg for 4 weeks reversibly inhibited spermatogenesis, with no detectable side effects. To elucidate the lowest dose and the longest dosing regimen that inhibits spermatogenesis but results in complete restoration of fertility upon cessation of administration of the drug, we examined the effects of daily doses as low as 1.0 mg/kg with dosing periods of 4, 8, and 16 weeks. We observed 100% sterility in all regimens, with restoration of fertility upon cessation of the drug treatment even for as long as 16 weeks. There was no change in testosterone levels in these males and the progeny examined from 2 of the recovered males were healthy and fertile, with normal testicular weight and testicular histology. Strikingly, a more rapid recovery, as assessed by mating studies, was observed at the lower dose and longer dosing periods. Insight into possible mechanisms underlying this rapid recovery was obtained at 2 levels. First, histological examination revealed that spermatogenesis was not as severely disrupted at the lower dose and with the longer treatment regimens. Second, gene expression analysis revealed that the more rapid recovery may involve the interplay of ATP-binding cassette efflux and solute carrier influx transporters in the testes.
Kleptocracy and Performance: Revenues, Reserves, and Services in Bell and Los Angeles County Cities

In 2010, reporters with the Los Angeles Times uncovered excessive high salaries among its top elected and appointed officials, which garnered nationwide media attention. To date, the Bell scandal has sparked criminal and civil investigations into salaries and tax collection practices in Bell and its nearby cities, pension reform legislation, and improved transparency about municipal salaries and benefits. In addition, questions have been raised about civic engagement and social justice, given Bell’s largely low-income and immigrant population. This paper is a longitudinal analysis of Bell’s revenues, level of financial reserves, expenditures, and crime rates, beginning in 1992 when former City Manager Robert Rizzo began his tenure. Comparisons are made with other Los Angeles County cities, including those with similar demographic characteristics and those that also have faced corruption problems.
A Molecular Approach to Recruitment Problems: Genetics and Physiology

Recruitment applies to the transition between life history stages. These transitions entail a degree or mortality. Recruitment related mortality is a function of a number of biological and physical parameters. While a large fraction of mortality arises from random stochastic processes, a number of recent studies indicate that some genotypes have a greater probability of survival than others. Two major obstacles to recruitment studies have been the detection of genetic variation within and between species and the assessment of the physiological status of different life stages. Molecular techniques can be particularly useful in resolving these problems. For example, molecular methodologies are useful in the identification of morphologically indistinguishable larvae of different species. Analysis of restriction patterns of mtDNA can help establish the existence of previous genetic isolation and even permit the differentiation between primary and secondary integradation. Immunological techniques can be used in food chain studies, the identification of minute larvae and the analysis of population. The applications of these and other molecular methodologies are exciting research tools that can open doors to the study of recruitment that were previously unapproachable.
Feasibility of respiratory motion compensated reconstruction using 4D PET-derived deformation fields

2106 Objectives With the advent of simultaneous PET/MR technology, it is now possible to generate high-resolution 4D anatomical images from which accurate deformation fields and hence 4D attenuation maps can be derived and utilized for motion compensated image reconstruction (MCIR) for PET. In principle, it is feasible to estimate deformation fields from gated, non-attenuation corrected (NAC) PET images. However, so far no systematic study has been conducted to quantitatively evaluate PET-based motion estimation approaches and determine their feasibility. Our objective therefore is to compare two PET-based motion estimation techniques with MCIR based on accurate 4D attenuation maps. Methods We performed realistic simulations using GATE to compare the following 3 methods on the XCAT torso phantom with 4 pulmonary lesions for 6 respiratory gates. Method 0: We performed MCIR with 4D attenuation maps based on the true deformation fields. As this is the best case scenario, we treated this result as our reference image for quantitative comparison. Method 1: We first derived deformation fields from gated NAC PET images and then performed MCIR with 4D attenuation maps based on the NAC PET derived deformation fields. Method 2: We first used the NAC PET derived deformation fields to warp the attenuation map to generate 4D gated and attenuation corrected (AC) PET images. We then used the AC PET images to re-compute the deformation fields. Finally, we performed MCIR with 4D attenuation maps based on the AC PET derived deformation fields. Results The motion compensated image from Method 1 exhibited significant bias and artifacts, particularly near the heart and the diaphragm. Method 2 suppressed some of the artifacts. However, compared to Method 0, a large absolute bias ranging from 50 % to 400% was observed in the lesions. Conclusions This study demonstrates that, although MCIR based on 4DPET-derived deformation fields is attractive due to its inherent simplicity, there are significant tradeoffs in terms of image bias and artifacts.
Selectivity of bicarbonate-form anion exchange for drinking water contaminants: Influence of resin properties

Abstract Bicarbonate was investigated as a new counterion for six strong-base anion exchange resins considering the selective removal of six drinking water contaminants: nitrate, bromide, perchlorate, sulfate, chromate, and Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM). The most selective bicarbonate-form resin for each contaminant was evaluated based on qualitative binary ion exchange plots and quantitative separation factor calculation. The influence of resin properties and ion characteristics was evaluated on resin selectivity for each contaminant. The type of functional group and polymer composition of the resin were shown to influence selectivity for inorganic contaminants, and the pore structure and polymer composition of resin were shown to influence selectivity for SRNOM. Bicarbonate-form resin with wide spacing of functional groups (i.e., triethylamine) and polystyrene composition was favorable for monovalent, hydrophobic contaminants, including nitrate, bromide, and perchlorate, whereas resin with close spacing of functional groups (i.e., trimethylamine) and polystyrene composition was favorable for relatively hydrophobic chromate and resin with same functional group and polyacrylic composition was favorable for relatively hydrophilic sulfate ion. For organic contaminant, bicarbonate-form resin with macroporous structure and polyacrylic composition was most selective for SRNOM. In addition, the resin selectivity sequence for each contaminant based on separation factor calculations was compared with adsorption isotherm parameters, and the similarities and differences are discussed. The separation factor method is based on ion exchange stoichiometry, whereas adsorption method is robust in terms of simplifying calculation.
Formation Control of Nonholonomic Mobile Robots Using Graph Theoretical Methods

In this chapter, formation control of mobile robots with nonlinear models is considered. Two controllers are proposed with the aid of the dynamic feedback linearization technique, the time-scaling technique and properties of Laplacian matrix. The proposed controllers ensure the group of mobile robots to move in a desired formation. Existing results in formation control using graph theoretical methods are extended to nonlinear systems of high dimensions. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.
Water relations and photosynthesis along an elevation gradient for Artemisia tridentata during an historic drought

Quantifying the variation in plant-water relations and photosynthesis over environmental gradients and during unique events can provide a better understanding of vegetation patterns in a future climate. We evaluated the hypotheses that photosynthesis and plant water potential would correspond to gradients in precipitation and soil moisture during a lengthy drought, and that experimental water additions would increase photosynthesis for the widespread evergreen shrub Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana. We quantified abiotic conditions and physiological characteristics for control and watered plants at 2135, 2315, and 2835 m near Mammoth Lakes, CA, USA, at the ecotone of the Sierra Nevada and Great Basin ecoregions. Snowfall, total precipitation, and soil moisture increased with elevation, but air temperature and soil N content did not. Plant water potential (Ψ), stomatal conductance (g s), maximum photosynthetic rate (A max), carboxylation rate (V cmax), and electron transport rate (J max) all significantly increased with elevations. Addition of water increased Ψ, g s, J max, and A max only at the lowest elevation; g s contributed about 30 % of the constraints on photosynthesis at the lowest elevation and 23 % at the other two elevations. The physiology of this foundational shrub species was quite resilient to this 1-in-1200 year drought. However, plant water potential and photosynthesis corresponded to differences in soil moisture across the gradient. Soil re-wetting in early summer increased water potential and photosynthesis at the lowest elevation. Effects on water relations and photosynthesis of this widespread, cold desert shrub species may be disproportionate at lower elevations as drought length increases in a future climate.
Two Dimensional Unsteady Aerodynamics of Miniature Trailing Edge Effectors

Miniature trailing edge effectors (MiTEs) are small flaps, typically around 1% chord, actuated with deflection angles up to 90 degrees. Their small size, combined with low required power and good control authority, enables the devices to be used for high bandwidth control as well as conventional attitude control. However, some of the aerodynamic characteristics of these devices are complex and poorly understood. This paper describes time accurate computations that were performed using the INS2D flow solver to resolve unsteady characteristics including transient response and vortex shedding phenomena. The frequency response was studied to identify the dynamics of moving MiTEs, an important aspect of these new control devices.
An Abnormal Cervicovaginal Cytology Test in Malignant Mixed Mullerian Uterine Tumor has a Predictive Value of Cervical Involvement Independent of Tumor Stage

Introduction: Malignant Mixed Mullerian Tumor/Carcinosarcoma (MMMT) is a clinically aggressive endometrial malignancy composed of mixture of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements usually affecting postmenopausal women. As this tumor is relatively rare and morphologically diverse, the findings on cervicovaginal cytology, specifically liquid based “SurePath” cytology samples, are not well described. Here we describe the cytological features and correlation with histopathological and clinical findings of patients with MMMT. Material and Methods: A retrospective search (2001-2012) of patients with MMMT was performed. Available PAP smears, biopsies and surgical excisions were reviewed. Tumor characteristics including tumor size presence of heterologous elements, cervical involvement, lympho-vascular invasion (LVI) and tumor pathology staging were extracted from pathology reports and analyzed. Results: There were a total of 30 MMMT patients with available PAPs preceding surgery. All except two patients (28/30) were African American women with average age of 63.03. Ten patients (33.3%) had negative PAPs, eleven (36.7%) were diagnosed as malignant (carcinoma or adenocarcinoma) and nine (30%) as atypical (AGUS, ASCUS or squamous dysplasia). Patients with positive PAP smears had larger tumors and in almost all (90.9%) of the cases tumor showed cervical stromal involvement, and LVI (90.9%). Group with atypical pap smear result did not show correlation with any tumor characteristics or tumor stage. Negative results on PAP smears were seen more commonly in patients without cervical involvements (80%). Common cytology features were tumor diathesis, glandular atypia, squamous dysplasia, presence of nucleoli, multinuclear and anaplastic cells, while sarcomatous elements were rarely encountered. Conclusions: Two thirds of patients with MMMT had either positive or atypical PAPs prior to biopsy or surgery. Patients with cervical involvement of MMMT were more likely to have positive PAP smear independent of tumor staging.