cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new magnetic-controlled rectifier power amplifier with a saturable reactor controlling on time

There is an increasing demand for high-efficiency fast-responding high-gain compact economical power amplifiers. There is need to accomplish these demands by a single unit which can provide a higher degree of economy and compactness than has previously been achieved. The combination of switching, semiconductors and saturable magnetic devices provides a solution for many of these demands. The silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) has the ability of switching high power (1 to 100 kw). Combining the SCR with saturable magnetic devices, a power amplifier (MAG-SCR) is provided. The MAG-SCR power amplifier has potentialities of high efficiency, gain, and economy with fast response and insulated control.
Vaccination of channel catfish with extracellular products of Aeromonas hydrophila provides protection against infection by the pathogen.

Aeromonas hydrophila, a Gram-negative bacterium, is one of the economically-important pathogens in modern aquaculture. Among various traits, extracellular products (ECP) secreted by the bacterium are considered to be essential factors for virulence. Whether vaccination with the ECP could produce immune protection in catfish against the pathogen was determined in this study. The results showed that fish vaccinated with ECP had 100% of relative percent survival (RPS) when challenged with the pathogen two weeks post vaccination. The anti-ECP serum from vaccinated fish could aggregate cells of homogeneous bacteria as well as other virulent strains (isolates) of A. hydrophila but not an A. veronii isolate and a low virulent field isolate. The agglutination titers increased from two weeks to four weeks post immunization and sustained a high level at week seven when the RPS remained at 100%. The anti-ECP serum could also provide naive fish with immediate protection against A. hydrophila as evidenced by passive immunization. Immunoblotting analysis showed that the anti-ECP serum contained antibodies that bound to specific targets, including protein and lipopolysaccharide-like molecules, in the ECP. Mass spectrometric analysis identified following putative proteins that may serve as important immunogens: chitinase, chitodextrinase, outer membrane protein85, putative metalloprotease, extracellular lipase, hemolysin and elastase. Findings revealed in this study suggest that, while ECP prepared in a conventional and convenient way could be a vaccine candidate, further characterization of antibody-mediated targets in the ECP would uncover quintessential antigens for the future development of highly efficacious vaccines.
A paleomagnetic result from the Ventersdorp lavas of South Africa

Abstract Samples have been collected in the vicinity of the De Beers diamond mine from at least two flows of the Ventersdorp lavas. The specimens responded equally well to both thermal and magnetic cleaning methods and a preliminary paleomagnetic pole position is presented for Ventersdorp times. The samples studied are shown not to have been influenced either magnetically or petrologically by the emplacement of the De Beers mine kimberlite in cretaceous times.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF LATTICE MATCHING TO THE INTERFACIAL ENERGY BETWEEN DISSIMILAR MATERIALS

Description de l'energie interfaciale pour les systemes metal noble/cristal ionique en fonction de l'accommodation de reseau, de l'interaction chimique et de l'entropie interfaciale. Determination de l'influence des differentes contributions. Description theorique de la structure atomique des joints d'interphase. Analyse de la stabilite relative des differentes structures en fonction du degre de commensuration axiale et d'entropies interfaciales
Potency and Selectivity of Trifluoroacetylimino and Pyrazinoylimino Nicotinic Insecticides and Their Fit at a Unique Binding Site Niche

Neonicotinoid agonists with a nitroimino or cyanoimino pharmacophore are the newest of the four most important classes of insecticides. Our studies on the nicotinic receptor structure in the neonicotinoid-bound state revealed a unique niche of about 6 A depth beyond the nitro oxygen or cyano nitrogen tip. The N-substituted imino pharmacophore was therefore extended to fill the gap. Excellent target site selectivity with high insecticidal activity and low toxicity to mammals were achieved rivaling those of the current neonicotinoid insecticides as illustrated here by 3-(6-chloropyridin-3-ylmethyl)-2-trifluoroacetyliminothiazoline and its pyrazinoylimino analogue.
Flexor tendon repair with a knotless, bidirectional barbed suture: an in vivo biomechanical analysis.

Purpose To compare and analyze biomechanical properties and histological characteristics of flexor tendons either repaired by a 4-strand modified Kessler technique or using barbed suture with a knotless repair technique in an in vivo model. Methods A total of 25 chickens underwent surgical transection of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon followed by either a 4-strand Kessler repair or a knotless repair with barbed suture. Chickens were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups with various postoperative times to death. Harvested tendons were subjected to biomechanical testing or histologic analysis. Results Harvested tendons revealed failures in 25% of knotless repairs (8 of 32) and 8% of 4-strand Kessler repairs (2 of 24). Biomechanical testing revealed no significant difference in tensile strength between 4-strand Kessler and barbed repairs; however, this lack of difference may be attributed to lower statistical power. We noted a trend toward a gradual decrease in strength over time for barbed repairs, whereas we noticed the opposite for the 4-strand Kessler repairs. Mode of failure during testing differed between repair types. The barbed repairs tended toward suture breakage as opposed to 4-strand Kessler repairs, which demonstrated suture pullout. Histological analysis identified no difference in the degree of inflammation or fibrosis; however, there was a vigorous foreign body reaction around the 4-strand Kessler repair and no such response around the barbed repairs. Conclusions In this model, knotless barbed repairs trended toward higher in vivo failure rates and biomechanical inferiority under physiologic conditions, with each repair technique differing in mode of failure and respective histologic reaction. We are unable to recommend the use of knotless barbed repair over the 4-strand modified Kessler technique. Clinical relevance For the repair techniques tested, surgeons should prefer standard Kessler repairs over the described knotless technique with barbed suture.
Shading effects of finite width overhang on windows facing toward the equator

Abstract Analytical methods are presented for calculating either monthly average or clear-day insolation on a vertical surface facing the equator with overhang shading of finite lateral width. The technique is an extension of that presented by Jones[1] for overhangs of infinite lateral extent.
Synthesis of hollow ellipsoidal silica nanostructures using a wet-chemical etching approach

We have utilized wet-chemical etching of ellipsoidal silica nanoparticles (ESNs) to form silica nanoshells of a range of elliptical morphologies, with the thicknesses of the ellipsoidal silica nanoshells (ESSs) controlled through variation of synthesis conditions. A mechanism has been proposed to explain how the nanoshells are formed, and we demonstrate that the porosity of the silica ellipsoid plays a role in generating silica shells. Our self-templated, wet-etching approach is an attractive alternate procedure to the approaches presently in existence for the following reasons: (i) it is a facile, one-step process that directly produces ellipsoidal silica nanoshells, while overcoming barriers (such as requirement of removing a solid-core template seed) utilized in many reported chemical etching studies; (ii) it results in ellipsoidal silica nanostructures with dimension less than 100 nm; (iii) with an appropriate etchant, the roughness of the silica shells can be well-controlled; and (iv) it results in tunable, uniform size particles with controllable shell thicknesses. Moreover, the silica materials with the unique structures might be adjusted to meet practical application requirements.
Dependence of the one-body density matrix on the superconducting gap parameter Δ(T)

We show how the one-electron thermally averaged density matrix \ensuremath{\rho}(1',1,T)==〈${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Psi}}}^{\mathrm{*}}$(1')\ensuremath{\Psi}(1)〉==N〈Fd(2,...,N)${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Psi}}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ (1',...,n)\ensuremath{\Psi}(1,...,N)〉 varies with the superconducting gap parameter \ensuremath{\Delta}(T). It is suggested how these results can be applied to experiments that probe the density matrix. In particular it is suggested that the x-ray structure factor F(G) should be an ideal probe of the change in \ensuremath{\rho}(r) as a material goes superconducting. We also discuss how our results can be applied to recent analysis of atomic pair distribution functions (PDF) coming from measurements of diffuse scattering of pulsed neutrons on the thallium high-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ materials.
Relationships among the R bodies of caedibacteria

Abstract Three distinct R body types are found in caedibacteria, type 51, type 7 and type Cc. The relationships among these R bodies were assessed by immunogold labeling, Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. Antisera raised against type 7 and type Cc R bodies cross-reacted with type 51 R bodies.
Isolation of the phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate dissociable high-affinity profilin-actin complex.

Profilin was originally discovered in a tight complex with monomeric actin from bovine spleen, leading to its description as an actin monomer sequestering protein that maintains a pool of unpolymerized actin in cells. Subsequent purifications of profilin using different methods from diverse cells have consistently yielded preparations that affect the kinetics of actin assembly but do not efficiently maintain actin monomeric at steady state in solutions containing mM magnesium. Recent evidence that profilin inhibits phospholipase C and enhances nucleotide exchange of actin has led some to question whether profilin is ever truly an actin monomer sequestering agent. Here we report that the extraction of bovine spleen with fluoride- and pyrophosphate-containing solutions facilitates isolation of monomeric actin that is bound to profilin and does not polymerize in mM magnesium ion. The integrity of this complex depends on the presence of ATP. Phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate (PIP), previously shown to dissociate the low-affinity profilin-actin complex ( K d = 0.4 μM in mM Mg 2+ ), also dissociates the high-affinity profilin-actin complex ( K d 2+ ) yielding actin that is polymerization competent and profilin that functions like profilins purified by conventional methods. Although the chemical basis of these results is not known, they indicate that profilin can tightly sequester actin monomers and support the earlier suggestion that the affinity of profilin for actin may be under metabolic control.
Are reserve requirements relevant for economic stabilization

Abstract The level of the required reserve ratio and the payment of interest on required reserves are irrelevant for economic stability: (1) when the central bank appropriately adjusts its interest elasticity of supply of reserves (or currency) to offset changes in the required reserve ratio or in the interest rate paid on required reserves, or (2) when economic agents form their price level expectations rationally, conditional on the current interest rate.
Tumor suppressor function of Betaig-H3 gene in radiation carcinogenesis

Interaction between cell and extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in tumor invasiveness and metastasis. Using an immortalized human bronchial epithelial (BEP2D) cell model, we showed previously that expression of a list of genes including Betaig-h3 (induced by transforming growth factor-beta), DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer), p21(cipl), c-fos, Heat shock protein (HSP27) and cytokeratin 14 were differentially expressed in several independently generated, radiation-induced tumor cell lines (TL1-TL5) relative to parental BEP2D cells. Our previous data further demonstrated that loss of tumor suppressor gene(s) as a likely mechanism of radiation carcinogenesis. In the present study, we chose Betaig-h3 and DCC that were downregulated in tumorigenic cells for further study. Restored expression of Betaig-h3 gene, not DCC gene, by transfecting cDNA into tumor cells resulted in a significant reduction in tumor growth. While integrin receptor alpha 5 beta 1 was overexpressed in tumor cells, its expression was corrected to the level found in control BEP2D cells after Betaig-h3 transfection. These data suggest that Betaig-h3 gene is involved in tumor progression by regulating integrin alpha 5 beta 1 receptor. Furthermore, exogenous TGF- beta 1 induced expression of Betaig-h3 gene and inhibited the growth of both control and tumorigenic BEP2D cells. Therefore, downregulation of Betaig-h3 gene may results from the decreased expression of upstream mediators such as TGF-beta. The findings provide strong evidence that the Betaig-h3 gene has tumor suppressor function in radiation-induced tumorigenic human bronchial epithelial cells and suggest a potential target for interventional therapy.
Time required and success rate of percutaneous right atrial catheterization: Description of a technique

The use of an intracardiac catheter is considered useful in the diagnosis of air embolism during surgical operations.
Letter: Computations for Twersky's theory of corneal transparency based on Hart-Farrell's swelling pressure.

We have calculated corneal transparency using a theory given by Twersky and a model of Hart and Farrell. The results do not correspond with experimental observations.
A leisure counseling model for addicted persons

This leisure counseling model provides a general framework for the counseling process rather than a strict guideline. While some clients may progress orderly through the stages, other clients may move back and forth amongst different stages. The specific counseling needs of each client should guide the client's progress through the model accordingly. In short, within the model's framework the counseling process has a great deal of flexibility.
Nonlinear optical properties of quantum sized gold clusters

Gold clusters with the sizes close to the Fermi wavelength of electron shows interesting quantum size effects. Linear and nonlinear optical properties show dramatic trends when the sizes of clusters are in the range of quantum confinement. We have investigated the size dependence of the non-linear optical property of two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-sections of the gold clusters. Absolute TPA cross-sections are measured by a combination of one and two-photon excited fluorescence upconversion measurements. Large cross-sections and abrupt changes in the trend of cross-sections are observed in the size-dependence when size is reduced from nanoparticles to cluster. The results can be attributed to the appearance of quantum confinement in these monolayer protected gold clusters.
Penile reflexes in rats after different numbers of ejaculations

In order to examine the interaction between copulation and sexual reflexes the penile responses (erections, cups, and flips) of rats restrained in a supine position were tested after males attained zero, one, two, four, or six ejaculations. Reflexes were tested at the start of the postejaculatory interval in Experiment 1 and at the end of the postejaculatory interval in Experiment 2. In both experiments ejaculation(s) reduced reflex latencies, but also reduced the number of reflexes occurring, compared to control levels. Penile reflex responsivity was higher immediately after ejaculation than just before copulation was resumed, and in both studies reflexes became refractory to elicitation before an exhaustive number of ejaculations was attained. None of the measures of penile reflexes varied in a function parallel with the rate of copulation. This suggests that elicited reflexes and copulation are not paced by a common mechanism.
An elementary result in the stability theory of time-invariant nonlinear discrete dynamical systems

The stability of the equilibria of time-invariant nonlinear dynamical systems with discrete time scale is investigated. We present an elementary proof showing that in the case of a stable equilibrium and continuously differentiable state transition function, all eigenvalues of the Jacobian computed at the equilibrium must be inside or on the unit circle. We also demonstrate via numerical examples that if some eigenvalues are on the unit circle and all other eigenvalues are inside the unit circle, then the equilibrium maybe unstable, or marginally stable, or even asymptotically stable, which show that the necessary condition cannot be further restricted in general. In addition, the necessary condition is given in terms of spectral radius and matrix norms.
Injection dependent minority carrier lifetime and defect configuration in thin film CdTe solar cells

Although in CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells, experiments showed that the minority carrier lifetime depends on excess carrier concentration, it is not known that under steady state how the lifetime is affected by the defects. High defect concentration in CdS/CdTe solar cells violates the assumption needed to simplify of the Shockley Read Hall (SRH) recombination equation. Also, with high defect concentrations and thus short carrier lifetime, the excess carrier concentration under illumination can be equivalent to or even lower than the defect concentrations. By simplifying SRH equation considering high defect concentration, it is found that in neutral region, the lifetime is excess carrier dependent. By simultaneously solving the equations of charge neutrality, charge conservation and SRH recombination in the neutral region, the minority carrier lifetime as a function of generation rate can be calculated. The measured minority carrier diffusion length in a CdS/CdTe solar cell, as determined from the steady-state photo-generated carrier collection efficiency, shows the predicted transition of minority carrier lifetime versus optical injection level. A numerical fitting of the indirectly-measured minority carrier lifetime by assuming the minority carrier mobility gives a non-intuitive picture of the p-n junction with a low free hole concentration but a narrow depletion region width.
Sound localization behavior of the green treefrog ( Hyla cinerea ) and the barking treefrog ( H. gratiosa )

Female treefrogs (Hyla cinerea andH. gratiosa) can accurately localize a sound source (playback of male mating calls) if both ears are intact. When the sensitivity of one eardrum is attenuated, by coating it with a thin layer of silicone grease, females no longer can locate the sound source. This study demonstrates that female anurans rely on interaural cues for localization of a calling male. The neural basis for an anuran's sound localization ability presumably involves binaural convergence on single cells in the central auditory nervous system.
Accuracy of digital mRNA profiling of oesophageal biopsies as a novel diagnostic approach to eosinophilic oesophagitis

Background Quantification of tissue eosinophils remains the golden standard in diagnosing eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE), but this approach suffers from poor specificity. It has been recognized that histopathological changes that occur in patients with EoE are associated with a disease-specific tissue transcriptome. Objective We hypothesized that digital mRNA profiling targeted at a set of EoE-specific and Th2 inflammatory genes in oesophageal biopsies could help differentiate patients with EoE from those with reflux oesophagitis (RE) or normal tissue histology (NH). Methods The mRNA expression levels of 79 target genes were defined in both proximal and distal biopsies of 196 patients with nCounter® (Nanostring) technology. According to clinicopathological diagnosis, these patients were grouped in a training set (35 EoE, 30 RE, 30 NH) for building of a three-class prediction model using the random forest method, and a blinded predictive set (n = 47) for model validation. Results A diagnostic model built on ten differentially expressed genes was able to differentiate with 100% sensitivity and specificity between conditions in the training set. In a blinded predictive set, this model was able to correctly predict EoE in 14 of 18 patients in distal (sensitivity 78%, 95% CI 52-93%) and 16 of 18 patients in proximal biopsies (sensitivity 89%, 95% CI 64-98%), without false-positive diagnosis of EoE in RE or NH patients (specificity 100%, 95% CI 85-100%). Sensitivity was increased to 94% (95% CI 71-100%) when either the best predictive distal or proximal biopsy was used. Conclusion and clinical relevance We conclude that mRNA profiling of oesophageal tissue is an accurate diagnostic strategy in detecting EoE.
Nerve growth factor biosynthesis: isolation and characterization of a guinea pig prostate kallikrein.

Guinea pig prostate contains one major soluble esteropeptidase activity. The protein has been purified and characterized and found to be a glycoprotein comprised of a single polypeptide chain. The molecular weight of the deglycosylated protein is approximately 26,000. The esteropeptidase has a similar Km for lysine and arginine synthetic substrates, although the Vmax for arginine is much greater than that for lysine. Amino-terminal sequence analysis has also revealed a marked degree of homology to mouse γ-nerve growth factor (NGF) and the kallikrein family of serine proteases. In contrast to γ-NGF, however, the guinea pig enzyme does not appear to form stable complexes with β-NGF.
Energy of Molecularly Adsorbed Water on Clean Pt(111) and Pt(111) with Coadsorbed Oxygen by Calorimetry

The heat of adsorption and sticking probability of D2O were measured on Pt(111) with and without preadsorbed oxygen adatoms as a function of D2O coverage using single-crystal adsorption calorimetry from 88 to 120 K. In this temperature range, water adsorbs molecularly on both surfaces, and, at multilayer coverages, forms amorphous solid water on Pt(111). The integral heat of adsorption at a D2O coverage of 0.5 ML on clean Pt(111) was found to be 51.3 ± 1.6 kJ/mol at 120 K, 4.1 kJ/mol larger than in the multilayer. Its change with temperature gives a heat capacity for the adlayer islands of 130 ± 83 J/(mol K). This heat of adsorption at 120 K provides a standard enthalpy of formation of adsorbed D2O on Pt(111) of −301 kJ/mol at 120 K and a D2O coverage of 0.5 ML, which we attribute to water islands in the (√37 × √37)R25.3° structure based on prior structural studies. The integral heat of molecular adsorption of D2O at 120 K on Pt(111) predosed with 0.25 ML of oxygen adatoms was ∼55.0 kJ/mol at 0.5 ML, 3.7 ...
A Two Stage Sequential Auction with Multi-Unit Demands☆☆☆

Abstract Working within the independent private values paradigm, I examine a sequence of two second price auctions where individual bidders have diminishing marginal valuations. Equilibria are characterized for complete and incomplete informational settings. When information is complete, allocations can be inefficient and price sequences are constant or decreasing. However, when information is incomplete and symmetric, equilibrium behavior produces efficient outcomes and an expectation of increasing prices. These divergent findings are reconciled using an argument based on ex ante bidder asymmetry that can also explain the declining price anomaly. Finally, comparisons to other auctions are made in terms efficiency and revenue generation.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Number: D44.
Evolving Understanding of the CLL Genome

Over the past few years, massively parallel sequencing technologies have revealed with high resolution the tremendous genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We have learned how the molecular architecture differs not only between affected individuals but also within samples and over time. These insights have catalyzed our understanding of the pathobiology of CLL and point to critical signaling pathways in the development and progression of the disease. Several key driver alterations have been identified, which serve to refine prognostic schemata but also to inspire the development of new therapeutic strategies. Ongoing advances in technology promise to further elucidate the molecular basis of CLL, and this knowledge is anticipated to aid us in understanding and addressing the clinical challenge presented by the vast variability in the clinical course of patients with CLL.
Grating-filter transformation chart

A chart is presented for the transformation of the reflection coefficient by a section of a uniform grating designed to couple the forward and backward waves in a guiding structure. The chart is useful in filter design by cascaded grating sections.
On optimum loss control: the case of Poisson distributed losses

Abstract Optimum loss prevention and loss reduction activities are examined in this study for an economic agent with constant absolute risk aversion facing Poisson distributed losses in an insurance market dominated by a monopolist insurer. It is shown that the risk aversion coefficient, size of a loss, and productivity of loss prevention affect the optimum loss prevention level. Also it is proven that optimum loss reduction depends upon the risk aversion coefficient, expected number of losses, productivity of loss reduction, and size of a loss. New contributions of the article are summarized in the last section.
Advances in the Pharmacological Management of Huntington’s Disease

There is inevitable physical, cognitive and behavioural decline in Huntington's disease (HD), a dominantly inherited progressive neurological disorder. The hallmark of the disease is chorea, an involuntary brief movement that tends to flow between body regions. HD is diagnosed clinically with genetic confirmation. Predictive testing is available; however, it should be undertaken with caution in patients at risk for the disease but without clinical disease expression. Ongoing observational trials have identified not only early subtle motor signs, but also striatal volume, verbal memory and olfaction as possible early manifestations of clinical disease. Multiple areas of the brain degenerate, with dopamine, glutamate and GABA being the predominant neurotransmitters affected in HD. Although many pharmacotherapies have been evaluated targeting these neurotransmitters, few well conducted trials for symptomatic or neuroprotective interventions have yielded positive results. Tetrabenazine is one of the better studied and more effective agents for reducing chorea, although with a risk of potentially serious adverse effects. Newer antipsychotic agents such as olanzapine and aripiprazole may have adequate efficacy with a more favourable adverse-effect profile than older antipsychotics for treating chorea and psychosis. In this review, the pathogenesis, epidemiology and diagnosis of HD are discussed as background for understanding potential pharmacological treatment options. Potential strategies to delay the progression of HD that have been studied and are planned for the future are summarized. Although there is no current method to change the course of this devastating disease, education and symptomatic therapies are effective tools available to clinicians and the families affected by HD.
Abortion, moral maturity and civic journalism.

Public rhetoric on abortion and the journalistic coverage of it has matured in tone and content over the years since women's magazines first broke a long public silence on the issue in the 1940s. Since the 1970s, extremist views on abortion have dominated the press. But new common ground arguments represent an emergence of the feminine ethical response of care and responsibility into the foreground of public discourse where it is tempering the long‐dominant language of individual rights with relational concern for others. This article proceeds from a women's voice/experience perspective on feminism and applies a narrative method of rhetorical analysis to the coverage of abortion in American popular media from the 1940s to the 1990s. This analysis is used: (1) to establish that the feminine means of moral reasoning, i.e., the ethic of care (Gilligan, 1982) that is generally relegated to the private sphere, has emerged gradually into the foreground of American public discourse on abortion; (2) to trace a gr...
Object Tracking and Detecting Based on Adaptive Background Subtraction

Abstract A tracking algorithm based on adaptive background subtraction about the video detecting and tracking moving objects is presented in this paper. Firstly, we use median filter to achieve the background image of the video and denoise the sequence of video. Then we use adaptive background subtraction algorithm to detect and track the moving objects. Adaptive background updating is also realized in this paper. Finally, we improve the accuracy of tracking through open operation. The simulation results by MATLAB show that the adaptive background subtraction is useful in both detecting and tracking moving objects, and background subtraction algorithm runs more quickly.
21st Century Kinematics: Synthesis, Compliance, and Tensegrity

As we move into the second decade of the 21st century, we can identify three research trends that we can expect to persist into the future. They are the analysis and synthesis of (i) spatial mechanisms and robotic systems, (ii) compliant linkage systems, and (iii) tensegrity and cable-driven systems. In each case, we find that researchers are formulating and solving polynomial systems of total degrees that dwarf those associated with major kinematics problems of the previous century.
Detection of dopamine in the presence of excess ascorbic acid at physiological concentrations through redox cycling at an unmodified microelectrode array

The electrochemical behavior of dopamine was examined under redox cycling conditions in the presence and absence of a high concentration of the interferent ascorbic acid at a coplanar, microelectrode array where the area of the generator electrodes was larger than that of the collector electrodes. Redox cycling converts a redox species between its oxidized and reduced forms by application of suitable potentials on a set of closely located generator and collector electrodes. It allows signal amplification and discrimination between species that undergo reversible and irreversible electron transfer. Microfabrication was used to produce 18 individually addressable, 4-μm-wide gold band electrodes, 2 mm long, contained in an array having an interelectrode spacing of 4 μm. Because the array electrodes are individually addressable, each can be selectively biased to produce an overall optimal electrochemical response. Four adjacent microbands were shorted together to serve as the collector, and were flanked on each side by seven microbands shorted as the generator (a ratio of 1:3.5 of electroactive area, respectively). This configuration achieved a detection limit of 0.454 ± 0.026 μM dopamine at the collector in the presence of 100 μM ascorbic acid in artificial cerebrospinal fluid buffer, concentrations that are consistent with physiological levels. Enhancement by surface modification of the microelectrode array to achieve this detection limit was unnecessary. The results suggest that the redox cycling method may be suitable for in vivo quantification of transients and basal levels of dopamine in the brain without background subtraction.
Computer Modules: An architecture for large digital modules

This paper describes the architecture of Computer Modules, or CMs. They are large digital modules of about minicomputer complexity that are specifically designed to take advantage of the rapidly advancing semiconductor technology. These modules are intended to be interconnected into systems that implement a wide range of computational structures. The main features of a CM include a small processor as the primary control element and memory distributed among the CMs in the system rather than centralized into memory modules as in current multiprocessors. CMs are interconnected into a network via buses that each have their own virtual address space to facilitate efficient inter-module memory sharing. This paper includes an ISP description of the address translation mechanisms as well as a discussion of several important implementation issues such as the avoidance of deadlocks in CM networks and the width of the inter-CM buses.
Unexpected symmetries in classical moduli spaces

We analyze the structure of the moduli space of a supersymmetric SU(5) chiral gauge theory with two matter fields in the {bold 10} representation and two fields in the {bold {bar 5}} representation. Inspection of the exact K{umlt a}hler potential of the classical moduli space shows that the symmetry group of the moduli space is larger than the global symmetry group of the underlying gauge theory. As a consequence, the gauge theory has classical inequivalent vacua which yield identical low energy theories. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
Versuch, kubistische Lyrik zu übertragen: Vier Gedichte von August Stramm auf Englisch

Wie bekannt, erweist sich gerade im Bereich der expressionistischen Lyrik ein Blick auf die gleichzeitige Malerei als h?chst aufschlussreich; ja, er dr?ngt sich einem geradezu auf. Ich brauche dazu lediglich an Franz Marc (1880-1916) und dessen Turm der blauen Pferde zu erinnern?ein Bild, das beispielsweise in den f?r Georg Trakl so bezeichnenden Pr?gungen wie "blaues Wild" (aus dem Gedicht "Sommersneige") seine genaue lyrische Entsprechung besitzt. Die Belege, und zwar keineswegs blo? aus dem Schaffen Trakls, lie?en sich vermehren. Was demnach solch verfremdende Farbgebung oder 'farbliche Verfremdung'1 betrifft, so stimmen Bildkunst und Wortkunst des Expressio nismus vollkommen ?berein. Wie aber steht es mit der verfremdenden Form
Iodine-129 Moessbauer study of actinide iodides

Iodine-129 Moessbauer spectra of four actinide iodides, ThI/sub 4/, UI/sub 4/, NpI/sub 3/, and PuI/sub 3/ have been studied. The /sup 129/I Moessbauer spectra of the iodides all showed a single asymmetric resonance with inflections in the envelope. The inflections and asymmetry of the envelope were interpreted to indicate that the normal /sup 129/I quadrupole splitting was too small to be resolved. No significant differences were noted for the Moessbauer parameters among the four iodides. However, unexpected differences were noted in the isomer shifts and quadrupole coupling constants for lanthanide iodides and actinide iodides. 16 references, 2 figures, 2 tables.
Statistical analysis of financial networks

Massive datasets arise in a broad spectrum of scientific, engineering and commercial applications. In many practically important cases, a massive dataset can be represented as a very large graph with certain attributes associated with its vertices and edges. Studying the structure of this graph is essential for understanding the structural properties of the application it represents. Well-known examples of applying this approach are the Internet graph, the Web graph, and the Call graph. It turns out that the degree distributions of all these graphs can be described by the power-law model. Here we consider another important application—a network representation of the stock market. Stock markets generate huge amounts of data, which can be used for constructing the market graph reflecting the market behavior. We conduct the statistical analysis of this graph and show that it also follows the power-law model. Moreover, we detect cliques and independent sets in this graph. These special formations have a clear practical interpretation, and their analysis allows one to apply a new data mining technique of classifying financial instruments based on stock prices data, which provides a deeper insight into the internal structure of the stock market.
Low band gap EDOT–benzobis(thiadiazole) hybrid polymer characterized on near-IR transmissive single walled carbon nanotube electrodes

An electron donor/acceptor π-conjugated polymer composed of a bi-EDOT and benzobis(thiadiazole) repeat unit exhibits two reductions with a band gap ranging from ∼0.5 to 0.8 eV depending on the method of band gap determination.
Drug Transport in the Mammalian Central Nervous System: Multiple Complex Systems

The rate of entry into and distribution of drugs and endogenous substances within the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) depend on the peculiar anatomy of the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers, the physicochemical nature of the substance or drug, and in many cases, multiple, complex specialized carriers. This review summarizes a systemic methodological and integrative approach to understanding the pharmacokinetic behavior of many drugs in the CNS in the context of the CNS barrier systems, focusing on recent data, several broad principles and selected examples. Standards of proof for valid conclusions are emphasized.
Measurement of Thickness-Average Residual Stress Near the Edge of a Thin Laser Peened Strip

This paper presents measurements of the thickness-average residual stress imposed by laser peening near the edge of a thin sheet of a common titanium alloy. The slitting (or crack compliance) method was extended beyond its typical form to make residual stress measurements in this geometry. An analytical method was employed to optimize the experiment design for the near-edge, thin material geometry, where the design included the optimal number and position of strain gages and the most effective set of basis functions for stress computation. Two experiments were performed on a titanium strip that had been laser peened near the edge, using an optimal experiment design. Residual stress was found to be large and compressive near the edge of the sheet, with the compressive stress extending over 38% of the laser peened area.
Geometrical-spreading Correction For P-waves In Layered Azimuthally Anisotropic Media

Summary Compensation for the geometrical spreading along the raypath is an essential step in AVO (amplitude variation with oset) analysis, in particular for wide-azimuth surveys. Here, we propose an ecien t methodology to correct long-spread reection data for the geometrical spreading in stratied azimuthally anisotropic media. The geometrical-spreading factor is expressed through the reection traveltime described by a nonhyperbolic moveout equation that has the same form as that in VTI (transversely isotropic with a vertical symmetry axis) media. The parameters in the moveout equation are estimated from a 3D nonhyperbolic semblance algorithm that operates simultaneously with traces at all osets and azimuths. Numerical tests for models composed of orthorhombic layers with strong, depth-varying velocity anisotropy conrm the high accuracy of our travetimetting procedure and, therefore, of the geometricalspreading correction. In the presence of azimuthal anisotropy above the reector, the azimuthal variation of the geometrical-spreading factor is often comparable to that of the reection coecien t. Application of the algorithm to wide-azimuth 3D data collected at Weyburn eld (Canada) shows that the geometrical spreading for the reection from the top of the fractured reservoir is signican tly inuenced by both polar and azimuthal anisotropy in the overburden. Since our geometrical-spreading correction is entirely based on the kinematics of reected arrivals, it can be readily incorporated into the processing o w of azimuthal AVO analysis.
Training the ding man

The job of ding man is very highly skilled: it contains a large number of advanced sensori‐motor skills and much decision‐making. For many years different car‐builders have wrestled with the training of this key worker, for a long time without success. Ray Basey, Skills Analyst at Fords, Dagenham, has studied this job in depth and developed highly effective training in it. His article is a study in how to approach the business of training for complex manual skills.
Gene Mutations and Genomic Rearrangements in the Mouse as a Result of Transposon Mobilization from Chromosomal Concatemers

Previous studies of the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system, as an insertional mutagen in the germline of mice, have used reverse genetic approaches. These studies have led to its proposed use for regional saturation mutagenesis by taking a forward-genetic approach. Thus, we used the SB system to mutate a region of mouse Chromosome 11 in a forward-genetic screen for recessive lethal and viable phenotypes. This work represents the first reported use of an insertional mutagen in a phenotype-driven approach. The phenotype-driven approach was successful in both recovering visible and behavioral mutants, including dominant limb and recessive behavioral phenotypes, and allowing for the rapid identification of candidate gene disruptions. In addition, a high frequency of recessive lethal mutations arose as a result of genomic rearrangements near the site of transposition, resulting from transposon mobilization. The results suggest that the SB system could be used in a forward-genetic approach to recover interesting phenotypes, but that local chromosomal rearrangements should be anticipated in conjunction with single-copy, local transposon insertions in chromosomes. Additionally, these mice may serve as a model for chromosome rearrangements caused by transposable elements during the evolution of vertebrate genomes.
40-channel ultra-low-power compact PLC-based ROADM subsystem

We review the main ROADM subsystem technologies, and propose a 40-channel PLC-based ROADM subsystem that exhibits ultra-low power consumption and compact size, while meeting the requirements for high optical performance, high reliability, and low cost.
A new virus associated with the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Replication in noctuid host larvae

Abstract A nonoccluded filamentous baculo-like virus occurred in scattered hypodermal and tracheal matrix cells of five species of noctuid larvae ( Spodoptera frugiperda, S. exigua, S. ornithogalli, Heliothis zea , and Trichoplusia ni ) parasitized by Cotesia (= Apanteles) marginiventris . Infected cells and their nuclei were moderately hypertrophied. Infected cells contained prominent virogenic stromata, fibrous cytoplasmic inclusions, and moderate numbers of a filamentous virus. Virions were 50–98 nm in diameter, ≥865 nm in length, and straight to slightly flexuous. Nucleocapsids were 30–39 nm in diameter with a core 21–24 nm in diameter, and were enclosed by one or two envelopes. Nucleocapsids occurred in the nuclei and in the cytoplasm. Enveloped nucleocapsids were restricted to the cytoplasm.
Polyhedral single degree-of-freedom expanding structures

Some engineering applications require structures to expand and contract in size, while retaining their exterior shape. The applications range from mundane daily life objects to more fancy art structures. In contrast to a multiple degree-of-freedom structure, a single degree-of-freedom structure can be driven by a single actuator, reducing the cost and simplifying the control. In this paper, we study single degree-of-freedom structures that can be formed by a lattice of single degree-of-freedom polyhedral expanding units. Due to built-in symmetries, the entire structure can expand and contract as one of the units in the structure is actuated.
Scalable algorithms for association mining

Association rule discovery has emerged as an important problem in knowledge discovery and data mining. The association mining task consists of identifying the frequent itemsets, and then forming conditional implication rules among them. We present efficient algorithms for the discovery of frequent itemsets which forms the compute intensive phase of the task. The algorithms utilize the structural properties of frequent itemsets to facilitate fast discovery. The items are organized into a subset lattice search space, which is decomposed into small independent chunks or sublattices, which can be solved in memory. Efficient lattice traversal techniques are presented which quickly identify all the long frequent itemsets and their subsets if required. We also present the effect of using different database layout schemes combined with the proposed decomposition and traversal techniques. We experimentally compare the new algorithms against the previous approaches, obtaining improvements of more than an order of magnitude for our test databases.
A multimodeling framework for complex software reuse

Software reuse is a complex subject that is highly knowledge-intensive. The study of software reuse must focus not only on the problems related to developing reusable components, but also the problems that incorporate previously defined reusable components. To address these overall complexity problems, this paper first identifies four complexity issues for the engineering of large-scale software reuse: acquisition, classification, representation, and retrieval. A multimodeling framework is proposed where each component is defined via four different generic models. Incorporating all of these models into a single reuse framework allows the users to focus on their particular viewpoint and, therefore, provide a single system that directly addresses the complexity issues associated with reuse. The development of this proposed framework has been implemented in a proof-of-concept reuse system prototype.
The Public Administration of Politics, or What Political Science Could Learn from Public Administration

The purpose of the John Gaus Award and Lectureship is to recognize “scholarship in the joint tradition of political science and public administration.” That tradition has a long and honorable history. Many of the presidents of the American Political Science Association were scholars of public administration (Frank J. Goodnow, Woodrow Wilson, W. W. Willoughby, Leonard White, Luther Gulick, Pendleton Herring, Emmette S. Redford, Carl J. Friedrich, James Q. Wilson, and Matthew Holden, Jr.) and several others made contributions to the literature (V. O. Key, Jr., Charles S. Hyneman, Robert A. Dahl, Aaron Wildavsky, and Elinor Ostrom). Yet a visitor from another planet studying political science and public administration might conclude that these tribes have evolved into two distinct species.Prepared for presentation as the John Gaus Distinguished Lecture, American Political Science Association Annual Meeting, September 1, 2006, Philadelphia. I would like to thank Paul Brace, George Krause, Alisa Hicklin, Larry O'Toole, Jim Rogers, and Michael Thies for their assistance.
Neuroinflammatory cytokine signaling and Alzheimer's disease.

Immune events may influence development and progression of Alzheimer's disease. In a mouse model, mice depleted of p40, a cytokine subunit, showed reduced cerebral amyloidosis. Administration of anti-p40 antibodies reduced levels of soluble β-amyloid and restored some cognitive function.