cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inpatient Psychiatric Hospitalization

Inpatient hospitalization among African American youth has come under heightened scrutiny in recent years because of increased cost, the restrictive nature of the treatment, and the fact that hospitalized youth are at greater risk of rehospitalization within a few weeks of discharge. Furthermore, evidence suggests that African American and other minority youth are more frequently psychiatrically hospitalized rather than receive other less restrictive evidence-based treatments. Because aggression and impulsivity are the two primary reasons for presentation to emergency and inpatient psychiatric services, many clinical issues are overshadowed by the prominence of these externalizing symptoms. There are individual and societal factors that contribute to the overutilization of inpatient treatment including underutilization of outpatient services. Stigma and access are additional key factors. Many African American youth grow up in neighborhoods where there is a paucity of mental health services. Although there is increased insurance coverage through the Affordable Care Act and the Children’s Health Insurance Program, there remains a deficiency of available providers in numerous localities that continues to restrict accessibility to care. This dearth of available services contributes to youth not receiving appropriate interventions, but also likely adds to the overutilization of hospitalization to the exclusion of other more effective and targeted treatments. Identification of African American youth with mental health issues is a challenge and, when identified, many youth receive diagnoses that are incorrect leading to treatment decisions that may not be in their best interest. Cultural incompetence has been acknowledged as a barrier to effective care. Research over the past 20 years chronicles the problems of incorrect diagnosis, overuse of antipsychotic medication, and how treatment is received in more restrictive placements. The use of evidence-based and culturally competent outpatient care will help us to correct this overutilization while making treatment recommendations that are more acceptable to this patient population.
Biological Control Through Interspecific Competition

Considerable success in biological control has been achieved by manipulating natural enemies to control insect pests. Ecological theory and experience suggest that species which might compete with pests could be manipulated to effect biological control of the pests. A conceptual model is presented that can aid in identifying pests suitable for biological control by non-pest competitors. Such pests must require, in addition to the resource(s) we wish to protect from damage, at least one resource which is “neutral” from our economic and/or social perspective. I argue that competition for the neutral resource could lower the pest's abundance and hence reduce damage to the protected resource(s). Examples of suitable pests and methods of manipulating competitors are discussed. Biological control by non-pest competitors may be as safe and effective as biological control with predators and parasites, but it may not be as permanent in evolutionary time.
Nucleation, Cluster Growth, and Structure of Crystalline C60 and C70

The nucleation and cluster growth of C60 and C70 crystallites on various substrates at ambient temperature have been investigated using electron microscopy. It was found that the initial nucleation is closely associated with surface defects, and the fullerenes are much more strongly bonded to each other than to the substrate. Sublimed C60 or C70 crystallites nucleate at the step edge in the liquid state and are aligned with the step walls and terraces through the process of coalescence. Reflection Electron Microscopy (REM) studies have shown an abnormal profile of C60 grown crystals as a result of the interaction of C60 molecules with the surface strain field during crystal growth. Transmission electron diffraction patterns reveal a twin structure with (110) habit plane for the low temperature ordered phase.
Reachability of Optimal Cruise Conditions

Optimal aircraft cruise performance occurs along particular trajectories traversed through Mach number and altitude space as the mission fuel mass is expended. Ideally, these optimal trajectories depend primarily on the interplay between aerodynamic performance and engine fuel burn rate and on the lapse of these metrics with Mach and altitude. In many situations, however, the ideal operating conditions are constrained by point performance capabilities of the aircraft. For example, stall may limit the eciency of low speed loiter operations, and maximum speed and altitude capability may reduce the achievable specic range. In this paper, we investigate the implications of thrust limits on aircraft range performance in comparison to unconstrained operations at the cruise conditions corresponding to optimal aerodynamic eciency. We derive the conditions of optimality for both a twoparameter quadratic drag polar and a drag polar with wave drag, and we demonstrate the concepts by exploring Mach-altitude \sky maps" for three subsonic turbojet aircraft examples. Finally, we explore the implications of changes in the aircraft drag polar, thrust loading, and wing loading on optimal aerodynamic performance.
Liver microsomal phosphatidyl choline biosynthesis in choline deficiency.

SummaryIn choline deficiency, there is a decrease in activity of the phosphatidyl ethanolamine methyltransferase of liver microsomes. There is an impairment in the conversion of phosphatidyl ethanolamine to phosphatidyl choline via the Bremer-Green-berg pathway. The phosphatidyl choline synthesized via the Kennedy pathway shows that the choline phosphotransferase activity is unaltered in animals fed a diet made choline deficient by feeding 5% casein-5% fat and 1% guanidoacetic acid when compared to controls fed a 25% casein-5% fat diet. However in animals fed Purina laboratory chow which contains 2.4 mg choline/g diet, the choline phosphotransferase activity is 3.8 times greater than the values from rats fed the 25% casein-5% fat diet with no dietary choline.
Unsteady Flow Structure Interactions of a Gable-Roofed Building Model in Tornado-Like Winds

An experimental study was conducted to quantify the characteristics of wake vortex and flow structures around a gable-Roof building model as well as the resultant pressure distribution and wind loads (both forces and moments) acting on the test model in tornadolike winds. In addition to measuring the pressure acting on the tested high-rise building model using pressure transducers and wind loads using a high-sensitivity load cell, a digital Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system was used to conduct detailed flow field measurements to quantify the evolution of the unsteady vortex and turbulent flow structures around the test model in tornado-like winds. The measurement results revealed clearly that the evolution of the wake vortex and turbulent flow structures around the test model as well as the resultant wind loads induced by tornado-like winds were significantly different from those in conventional straight-line winds. The detailed flow field measurements were correlated with the pressure and wind load measurement data to elucidate the underlying physics to gain further insight into the flow-structure interactions between the tested gableroof building model and tornado-like winds.
Weissinger's model of the nonlinear lifting-line method for aircraft design

A method is presented that allows for the calculation of nonlinear aerodynamics within the time constraints of the conceptual design phase. This method was developed with characteristics of a design oriented analysis technique: adequate accuracy, computational efficiency, accuracy and speed tradeoff and minimal time for geometric input and modification. In addition, the code can be readily coupled to other analysis codes, e.g. with a structural analysis code, which is important for the use in multidisciplinary design optimization. The method is based on Weissinger's lifting-line model. In addition, it incorporates the Biot-Savart law, Kutta-Joukowski theorem, and airfoil lift data. Results of swept and unswept wings show very favorable agreement with experiment.
Can the fear recognition deficits associated with callous-unemotional traits be identified in early childhood?

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Callous-unemotional (CU) traits in the presence of conduct problems are associated with increased risk of severe antisocial behavior. Developmentally sensitive methods of assessing CU traits have recently been generated, but their construct validity in relation to neurocognitive underpinnings of CU has not been demonstrated. The current study sought to investigate whether the fear-specific emotion recognition deficits associated with CU traits in older individuals are developmentally expressed in young children as low concern for others and punishment insensitivity. Method: A subsample of 337 preschoolers (mean age 4.8 years, SD = 0.8) who completed neurocognitive tasks was taken from a larger project of preschool psychopathology. Children completed an emotional recognition task in which they were asked to identify the emotional face from the neutral faces in an array. CU traits were assessed using the Low Concern (LC) and Punishment Insensitivity (PI) subscales of the Multidimension...
The implementation of business strategies: Implications for the sales function

Utilizing existing conceptual frameworks in business unit level strategies and sales management activities, a set of propositions relating the sales department's role in the strategy implementation process has been generated. The focus of this conceptualization is at the functional level with specific attention on management of the sales force relative to three distinctive business unit strategies (Prospector, Differentiated Defender, and Low Cost Defender).
Worker reentry safety. I. An overview of the reentry problem on citrus in California

When I was first contacted with regard to participation in this colloquium on worker reentry safety, an interest was indicated in having me present “The viewpoint of the Industry Committee on Citrus Additives and Pesticides.” I intend to fulfill that topic assignment even though I exercised some prerogative in effecting a title change, since it would be ultimately difficult to reflect inclusively the Committee’s views.
Analysis of the efficacy of Chinese medicine Western medicine

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of western medicine.Methods The main characteristics of Chinese medicine from the Western ossibilities of meaning,of the basic content,combined with Western medicine for the use of Chinese medicine were also studied law.Results The characteristics of western medicine with Chinese medicine theory,ractice based,clinical research shows that western medicine with traditional Chinese medicine the effectiveness of certain roerties.Conclusion Some roerties of western medicine with traditional Chinese medicine immediately,and in-deth study.
Some Remarks on the Co-relation between the Western Contemporary Marxism and Aesthetic Study

Great importance is attached to the study of Marxism in some western countries.The study falls into two trends: one is from the political-economic prospective,which studies Marxism and its influence on socialist countries.After the Cold War,it was no longer a hot discipline in the west.The other is from a philosophic,cultural,aesthetic,and ideological perspective,which started in the late 1970s and early 1980s.Social science including politics,economics,sociology,and anthropology,and even the study of globalization is influenced by this trend.The Western Marxist study is marked by a strong practical sense and questions conscience,which in the study of Aesthetics is focused on the modern significance,historical evolution of Aesthetic discourse,current and historical significance,and differs greatly with the Aesthetic study in China.The difference resulted from the academic and social institutions,background and tradition,but it should not become the impediment of Sino-Western communication.Practical sense and questions conscience are the source of academic study and the pre-condition of talk and communication at a global horizon.
Missing Data from a Causal Perspective

This paper applies graph based causal inference procedures for recovering information from missing data. We establish conditions that permit and prohibit recoverability. In the event of theoretical impediments to recoverability, we develop graph based procedures using auxiliary variables and external data to overcome such impediments. We demonstrate the perils of model-blind recovery procedures both in determining whether or not a query is recoverable and in choosing an estimation procedure when recoverability holds.
Assessment of coronary artery disease by radionuclide cineangiography. History, current applications, and new directions.

In recent years, the utility of radionuclide cineangiography in prognostication has made it a mainstay of management decision making. With evolution of therapeutic modalities and concomitant alteration in management strategies, however, the technique and its application are undergoing parallel evolution to optimize response to current needs. Thus, in addition to standard planar rest and exercise assessment of left ventricular function, newer approaches are involving combined perfusion and function assessment, application of pharmacological stress to permit technically advantageous variations in imaging protocols, and application of SPECT technology in collecting blood pool data for tomographic display and analysis
Embedding objects during 3D printing to add new functionalities.

A novel method for integrating and embedding objects to add new functionalities during 3D printing based on fused deposition modeling (FDM) (also known as fused filament fabrication or molten polymer deposition) is presented. Unlike typical 3D printing, FDM-based 3D printing could allow objects to be integrated and embedded during 3D printing and the FDM-based 3D printed devices do not typically require any post-processing and finishing. Thus, various fluidic devices with integrated glass cover slips or polystyrene films with and without an embedded porous membrane, and optical devices with embedded Corning® Fibrance™ Light-Diffusing Fiber were 3D printed to demonstrate the versatility of the FDM-based 3D printing and embedding method. Fluid perfusion flow experiments with a blue colored food dye solution were used to visually confirm fluid flow and/or fluid perfusion through the embedded porous membrane in the 3D printed fluidic devices. Similar to typical 3D printed devices, FDM-based 3D printed devices are translucent at best unless post-polishing is performed and optical transparency is highly desirable in any fluidic devices; integrated glass cover slips or polystyrene films would provide a perfect optical transparent window for observation and visualization. In addition, they also provide a compatible flat smooth surface for biological or biomolecular applications. The 3D printed fluidic devices with an embedded porous membrane are applicable to biological or chemical applications such as continuous perfusion cell culture or biocatalytic synthesis but without the need for any post-device assembly and finishing. The 3D printed devices with embedded Corning® Fibrance™ Light-Diffusing Fiber would have applications in display, illumination, or optical applications. Furthermore, the FDM-based 3D printing and embedding method could also be utilized to print casting molds with an integrated glass bottom for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) device replication. These 3D printed glass bottom casting molds would result in PDMS replicas with a flat smooth bottom surface for better bonding and adhesion.
Interleukin-2 (IL2) Production by Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes (PBLS) in the Diagnosis of Renal Allograft Rejection (R) in Cyclosporin (CsA) Treated Patients

In CsA treated renal allograft recipients R episodes can be confused with CsA nephrotoxicity. Since rejection causes activation of T lymphocytes and increase in IL2 production whereas CsA acts to decrease IL2 production, we evaluated the diagnostic value to serial IL2 levels produced by lectin stimulated PBLS (Human Immunology 17, 297, 1986) in 15 patients with biopsy proven R [9 acute (AR), 6 chronic (CR)]. In addition, in these patients IL2 levels were correlated with trough whole blood CsA levels (measured by RIA in ng/ml, when CsA levels were normal ( 1000 ng/ml). Demographics: Age 21 to 57 years (mean 35 years), 9 males and 6 females, 10 were cadaver and 5 living related transplants. IL2 levels increased from 0.26 ± 0.20 to 1.03 ± 0.73 units (u) with R (p = 0.001). In AR IL2 increased from 0.20 ± 0.17 to 1.11 ± 0.90 u (p = 0.01). In CR IL2 increased from 0.33 ± 0.22 to 0.90 ± 0.40 u (p = 0.002). Baseline CsA level was 560 ± 290 and did not change with R (476 ± 182). IL2 levels at baseline and during R were not significantly different between the AR and CR groups (0.20 ± 0.17 vs0. 33 ± 0.22 and 1.11 ± 0.90 vs 0.90 ± 0.40 respectively). At normal (451 ± 168) CsA levels, the IL2 level was 0.22 ± 0.14 u and decreased to 0.14 ± 0.08 u (p = 0.05) with toxic (1271 ± 189) CsA levels.
The Official Perspective

Under the German constitution, authority for executive action in all Reich matters resided solely and exclusively with the Kaiser. Within the purview of this framework lay the conduct of foreign and colonial affairs, the formulation and implementation of which was the responsibility of the Chancellor, who was assisted in this task by the State Secretary and the officials of the German foreign office, the Auswartiges Amt also known as the Wilhelmstase. Technically, therefore, a very small and elite group of people, in no way accountable to any elected body,1 had full control over all aspects of Germany’s external behaviour.
The Eschatology of Shakespeare’s Great Tragedies: Ultimate Reality and Meaning in Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth

L'A. montre que William Shakespeare a ete impregne de la comprehension theologique chretienne des fins dernieres et que l'eschatologie de son temps faisait partie de sa vision du monde ultime, decrite dans l'article, et a partir de laquelle il a compose ses grandes tragedies. La morale et l'eschatologie informent la structure, le developpement thematique, l'utilisation du langage figuratif ainsi que les elements des caracteres des pieces analysees.
Diagnosing conditional anthropogenic contributions to heavy Colorado rainfall in September 2013

The Colorado floods of September 2013 caused severe damage and fatalities, and resulted from prolonged heavy rainfall unusual for that time of year – both in its record-breaking amounts and associated weather systems. We investigate the possible role of anthropogenic climate change in this extreme event. The unusual hydrometeorology of the event, however, challenges standard frameworks for attributing extreme events to anthropogenic climate change, because they typically struggle to simulate and connect the large-scale meteorology associated with local weather processes. Therefore we instead employ a part dynamical modelling- part observational- based event attribution approach, which simulates regional Colorado rainfall conditional on boundary conditions prescribed from the observed synoptic-scale meteorology in September 2013 – and assumes these conditions would have been similar in the absence of anthropogenic forcing. Using this ‘conditional event attribution’ approach we find that our regional climate model simulations indicate that anthropogenic drivers increased the magnitude of heavy northeast Colorado rainfall for the wet week in September 2013 by 30%, with the occurrence probability of a week at least that wet increasing by at least a factor of 1.3. By comparing the convective and large-scale components of rainfall, we find that this increase resulted in part from the additional moisture-carrying capacity of a warmer atmosphere – allowing more intense local convective rainfall that induced a dynamical positive feedback in the existing larger scale moisture flow – and also in part from additional moisture transport associated with larger scale circulation change. Our approach precludes assessment of changes in the frequency of the observed synoptic meteorological conditions themselves, and thus does not assess the effect of anthropogenic climate drivers on the statistics of heavy Colorado rainfall events. However, tailoring analysis tools to diagnose particular aspects of localized extreme weather events, conditional on the observed large-scale meteorology, can prove useful for diagnosing the physical effects of anthropogenic climate change on severe weather events – especially given large uncertainties in assessments of anthropogenic driven changes in atmospheric circulation.
Disruptive reproductive technologies

In vitro gametogenesis raises new possibilities for reproductive and regenerative medicine as well as vexing policy challenges.
How to Perform a High-Yield Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Performing a high-quality Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) requires competence in the procedure to ensure the appropriate identification of normal and abnormal findings, and performing diagnostic and therapeutic maneuvers as indicated. This chapter will review the technique of upper endoscopy focusing on how to perform an efficient and complete examination with discussion of key normal and pathologic findings. With recent paradigm shift toward value-based care emphasizing quality more than quantity, along with payment and policy changes mandating the endoscopists to meet and report quality metrics, we believe this chapter on how to perform a high-yield upper endoscopic examination will be very useful for all the endoscopists.
A tribute to the French forensic anthropologist Georges Fully (1926-1973).

Five years ago, when Clyde Snow read a paper at the Dallas meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences on the Fully-Pineau method of stature estimation [1], none of those present was aware that Georges Fully had been dead for eight months. His death was still unknown to those at last year's Academy meeting in St. Louis who heard Gary Tibbetts talk about the application of the Fully-Pineau method of stature estimation to American blacks [2]. I received the sad news of Fully's death in a letter from Professor Georges Olivier of the University of Paris a month after the St. Louis meeting, and did not learn about the tragic circumstances of the event until last June, almost exactly five years after their occurrence. At the time of his death Fully was only 47 years old.
Understanding the pathogenesis of vascular calcification: timing is everything

A number of histologic changes are associated with the medial arterial calcification that occurs in chronic kidney disease, leading to several different hypotheses concerning the underlying mechanism. Careful timing of these changes in relation to the onset of the calcification, as reported in this issue of the journal, can shed light on which changes are pathogenic as opposed to secondary in reaction to the calcification.
Fast impedance matching using interval halving of resonator position numbers for a high-power evanescent-mode cavity tuner

A fast interval-halving search is demonstrated that can be used to optimize power-amplifier load impedance in real-time with a high-power evanescent-mode cavity tuner, consisting of two evanescent-mode resonant cavities. The power-added efficiency is optimized by tuning the resonator position numbers, which map to resonant frequencies, without need for a load-pull characterization. Because no characterization is required, significant time savings in computation is expected, and tuning is expected to be more robust to drift and hysteresis of the tuner characteristics.
Stomatal behaviour and stem xylem traits are coordinated for woody plant species under exceptional drought conditions.

Isohydry (maintenance of plant water potential at the cost of carbon gain) and anisohydry (gas exchange maintenance at the cost of declining plant water status) make up two ends of a stomatal drought response strategy continuum. However, few studies have merged measures of stomatal regulation with xylem hydraulic safety strategies based on in situ field measurements. The goal of this study was to characterize the stomatal and xylem hydraulic safety strategies of woody species in the biodiverse Mediterranean-type ecosystem region of California. Measurements were conducted in situ when California was experiencing the most severe drought conditions in the past 1,200 years. We found coordination among stomatal, hydraulic, and standard leaf functional traits. For example, stem xylem vulnerability to cavitation (P50 ) was correlated with the water potential at stomatal closure (Pclose ); more resistant species had a more negative water potential at stomatal closure. The degree of isohydry-anisohydry, defined at Pclose -P50 , was correlated with the hydraulic safety margin across species; more isohydric species had a larger hydraulic safety margin. In addition, we report for the first time Pclose values below -10 MPa. Measuring these traits in a biodiverse region under exceptional drought conditions contributes to our understanding of plant drought responses.
Complications of dental surgery.

This article reviews the intraoperative and postoperative complication of dental procedures that involve the removal of maxillary and mandibular teeth. Complications arising from other dental procedures are also reviewed. Emphasis is placed on intraoperative technique and postoperative care to help prevent, identify, and treat complications of dental surgery.
Estimation in Contingency Tables Using Prior Information

SUMMARY Prior beliefs of association and independence in a two-way contingency table are discussed, and estimators of the cell probabilities are proposed which can incorporate this prior information. In the 2 x 2 table where the cell counts are assumed to have a multinomial distribution, estimators are developed which can incorporate prior beliefs about the correlation coefficient and the cross-product ratio. In the I x 2 table in which one set of marginal totals is fixed, estimators are developed which reflect prior information about the similarity of a set of cell probabilities. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the use of these estimators.
Altered T-cell Responsiveness in Morphine “Tolerant” Rats: Evidence for a Potential Role of the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus

The acute administration of morphine produces significant alterations in several parameters of the immune system including lymphocyte proliferation responses, natural killer cell cytolytic activity, antibody production and macrophage function. Our laboratory has examined the effects of acute morphine on blood lymphocyte proliferation to the polyclonal mitogen concanavalin A (ConA) in the male Sprague-Dawley rat. These studies demonstrated that the acute suppressive effect of morphine on this in vitro measure of lymphocyte function is mediated by central opioid receptors, predominantly via the of opioid receptors. Mechanistic studies suggested that the effect of morphine on the blood lymphocyte proliferation response is largely independent of either pituitary or adrenal-derived factors. However, additional experiments implicated a role for the autonomic ganglia in the effects of acute morphine since the blockade of peripheral nicotinic receptors was found to completely antagonize the acute effect of morphine on this parameter. Further, the stimulation of peripheral nicotinic receptors with nicotine and epibatidine, a selective nicotinic receptor agonist, mimicked the effects of morphine on immune cells. It was concluded from these experiments that the acute effects of morphine on the blood lymphocyte proliferation response were mediated primarily through indirect stimulation of peripheral autonomic neurons. Studies examining the effects of chronic morphine administration have also demonstrated significant alterations in the same parameters of the immune system, including, lymphocyte proliferation, antibody production, natural killer cell cytolytic activity and macrophage function. However, in contrast to the primary mechanism mediating the effect of acute administration of morphine, the effect of chronic morphine on many of these parameters appears to be largely attributed to the prolonged elevations in glucocorticoids associated with chronic morphine treatment. Our laboratory has demonstrated that an apparent tolerance to the suppressive effect of morphine treatment on blood lymphocyte proliferation can be induced via an injection protocol
Conditioning is not needed for late summer and early fall production of June-planted ‘Albion’ strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) in the plasticulture system

Two plant types [direct planted, cold-stored dormant crowns (crowns) or dormant crowns grown in a greenhouse for 3 weeks prior to field planting (plugs)] of ‘Albion’ strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa...
A Rare Desmoglein-2 Gene Mutation in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy Inciting Incessant Ventricular Fibrillation

A case of a 51-year-old female with history of hypertension and a significant family history of premature coronary artery disease presented to the hospital after cardiac arrest. She successfully completed a targeted temperature management therapy with full neurologic recovery. Her hospital course was complicated by several bouts of ventricular fibrillation (VF) arrest which was rescued by timely defibrillation, high quality cardiorespiratory resuscitation, and administration of antiarrhythmic medications and inotropic agents. An automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) was inserted for secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD). A targeted genetic testing for idiopathic ventricular fibrillation revealed a mutation in the desmoglein-2 (DSG2) gene involved in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Eventually, a ventricular fibrillation radiofrequency ablation prevented recurrence of fatal arrhythmia and its associated symptoms.
A Sum-Rule Description for the Inclusive Electroproduction of Pions from Nuclei

Angular distributions of low-energy pions (Tπ = 21.6 MeV) have been measured recently at Mainz1. Due to the large excitation energy available (eo = 280 MeV) the summation over the excited nuclear states can be done by the closure approximation. The double-differential cross section is then proportional to the spin-isospin correlation function of the nucleus m0 = where for s-wave production \[\sigma = \sum\limits_i {\varsigma \pm \left( i \right)} \mathord{\buildrel{\lower3pt\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rightharpoonup$}} \over \sigma } \left( i \right){e^{ - i\mathord{\buildrel{\lower3pt\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rightharpoonup$}} \over k} \cdot \mathord{\buildrel{\lower3pt\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rightharpoonup$}} \over \tau } }}i\,u{ * _{\mathord{\buildrel{\lower3pt\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rightharpoonup$}} \over q} }}\left( {{{\mathord{\buildrel{\lower3pt\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rightharpoonup$}} \over r} }_i}} \right)\].
Hemoglobin levels and coronary heart disease risk by age, race, and sex in the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke study (REGARDS).

Higher and lower hemoglobin concentrations are associated with coronary heart disease (CHD), but whether this risk is consistent across age, sex, and race is unclear. The Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study is an observational cohort study of 30 239 black, and white, adults aged 45 and older recruited 2003-7. Participants were included if they had hemoglobin measures, were CHD-free at baseline, and had all baseline variables. The primary outcome was incident CHD. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for incident CHD by hemoglobin concentration. This was expressed as a continuous variable and divided into age-, sex-, and race-specific quintiles. The 16 332 participants were included, contributing 114 362 person-years of follow-up and 915 incident CHD events. The mean age was 63 years, 35% were male, 41% were black, and the mean baseline hemoglobin was 13.6 g/dL (SD 1.4). A significant non-linear association between hemoglobin and CHD was identified (P < .001). This association differed significantly by race (P = .025) but not by sex or age. In whites, the risk for incident CHD was higher in the lowest (HR 2.28, 95% CI 1.61, 3.33) and highest (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.35, 2.79) hemoglobin quintiles relative to the third quintile. For blacks, only those in the lowest hemoglobin quintile had an increased risk for incident CHD events (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.20, 2.41). Hemoglobin is an independent risk factor for CHD in whites and blacks but with different hemoglobin concentrations conferring different risks.
Abstract B05: Intestinal microbiota mediates pancreatic carcinogenesis through modulation of tumor infiltrating natural killer cells

Introduction: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the 3rd leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Our group and others have demonstrated that the intestinal microbiota accelerates pancreatic carcinogenesis. The relationship of intestinal bacteria, immune response, and PDAC development is unclear. To that end, we investigated the role of intestinal bacterial soluble factors in modulating the immune environment of PDAC and its progression. Methods: Mice intestinal microbiota was depleted with wide-spectrum antibiotics. The human PDAC cell line, L3.6pl, was heterotopically implanted into Rag1-/- mice, while the syngeneic murine PDAC cell line, Pan02, was orthotopically implanted into the pancreas of C57Bl/6 mice. Tumor and pancreas infiltrated natural killer (NK) cells were quantitated by flow cytometry. In vivo NK cell depletion was attained by intraperitoneal injection of anti-Asialo-GM1 antibody twice weekly. Germ-free (GF) and conventionally housed Rag1-/- mice stool was cultured and bacteria-free supernatant extracted. The ability of these bacteria-free supernatants to regulate NK-92mi cell cytotoxicity and migration was tested in vitro by flow cytometry and a Transwell assay, respectively. Results: Compared to microbiota-intact Rag1-/- mice, microbiota depletion yielded 74% smaller tumors (p Conclusion: These findings suggest that intestinal bacteria modulate PDAC development through suppression of NK cell recruitment and activation, a phenomenon potentially mediated by yet to be identified small molecules. Citation Format: Qin Yu, Mark Beveridge, Ryan Thomas, Christian Jobin. Intestinal microbiota mediates pancreatic carcinogenesis through modulation of tumor infiltrating natural killer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Microbiome, Viruses, and Cancer; 2020 Feb 21-24; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(8 Suppl):Abstract nr B05.
Phenotypic Variation in Mitochondria-Related Performance Traits Across New Zealand Snail Populations

Mitochondrial function is critical for energy homeostasis and should shape how genetic variation in metabolism is transmitted through levels of biological organization to generate stability in organismal performance. Mitochondrial function is encoded by genes in two distinct and separately inherited genomes - the mitochondrial genome and the nuclear genome - and selection is expected to maintain functional mito-nuclear interactions. The documented high levels of polymorphism in genes involved in these mito-nuclear interactions and wide variation for mitochondrial function demands an explanation for how and why variability in such a fundamental trait is maintained. Potamopyrgus antipodarum is a New Zealand freshwater snail with coexisting sexual and asexual individuals and, accordingly, contrasting systems of separate vs. co-inheritance of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. As such, this snail provides a powerful means to dissect the evolutionary and functional consequences of mito-nuclear variation. The lakes inhabited by P. antipodarum span wide environmental gradients, with substantial across-lake genetic structure and mito-nuclear discordance. This situation allows us to use comparisons across reproductive modes and lakes to partition variation in cellular respiration across genetic and environmental axes. Here, we integrated cellular, physiological, and behavioral approaches to quantify variation in mitochondrial function across a diverse set of wild P. antipodarum lineages. We found extensive across-lake variation in organismal oxygen consumption and behavioral response to heat stress and differences across sexes in mitochondrial membrane potential but few global effects of reproductive mode. Taken together, our data set the stage for applying this important model system for sexual reproduction and polyploidy to dissecting the complex relationships between mito-nuclear variation, performance, plasticity, and fitness in natural populations.
50. TEACH: AN EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING ELECTIVE FOR PEDIATRIC RESIDENTS

Background ACGME requires residents to participate in learner education and become effective teachers, though there is often insufficient time to achieve this in the inpatient setting. A local needs assessment revealed 96% of residents reported inadequate teaching experiences. We created the Teaching Elective At Children's Hospital (“TEACH”) to fulfill this gap in resident education. Objective To develop, implement, and evaluate a curriculum that enhances pediatric resident knowledge and skills related to teaching using experiential learning as a conceptual model. Methods Educational strategies for the curriculum include: 1. Assignments (readings, videos, and podcasts about clinical teaching and feedback); 2. Direct observation of learners; 3. Practical application of small group teaching and feedback skills; 4. Reflective writing (Figure 1). TEACH was implemented as a 2-4 week elective for senior residents to observe and teach learners on the Hospital Medicine inpatient teams. Evaluation consisted of a post-then-pre survey, tabulation of small group teachings, and content analysis of reflections. Results To date, 16 residents have completed TEACH. Survey results (69% response rate) revealed 100% of residents rated this educational experience as excellent or very good. Most residents’ knowledge and skills related to small group teaching and feedback were much or somewhat improved (Figure 2). Residents created 57 novel “chalk talks” on various topics for small group teachings (Table 1). Reflective writings revealed the following themes: the value of practice; goal-setting to ensure self-improvement after reflection; the importance and reward of learner engagement; changes in learner behavior based on feedback; positive emotional reactions to teaching. Discussion We successfully developed and implemented a dedicated teaching elective focused on experience-based learning. Initial evaluation revealed residents improved their self-perceived competence in skills and knowledge of small group teaching and feedback, as they gained confidence and a sense of reward. Next steps include direct observation of TEACH residents to better evaluate their skills.
Stirring the Possum: Responses to the Bianchi Papers

This paper is made up of responses to the papers in this volume. The first section is concerned with the philosophy of linguistics, particularly with the linguistic conception of grammars and the psychological reality of language. The second section is concerned with the theory of reference for proper names, including issues of reference borrowing, grounding, the qua-problem, and causal descriptivism. The third section is concerned with the theory of meaning, particularly the matters of direct reference, the contingent a priori, rigidity for kind terms, narrow meaning, and the use theory. The fourth section is concerned with methodology, particularly with “putting metaphysics first”, the role of intuitions, and the contribution of experimental semantics. The fifth section tackles two issues in metaphysics: the definition of scientific realism and biological essentialism.
Efficiency of Different Machine Learning Algorithms on the Multivariate Classification of IoT Botnet Attacks

The Internet of Things, with its enormous growth in the recent decades, has not just brought convenience to the different aspects of our lives. It has also increased the risks of various forms of cybercriminal attacks, ranging from personal information theft to the disruption of the entire network of a service provider. As the demands of such devices increase rapidly on a global scale, it has become increasingly difficult for different corporations to focus on security efficiently. As such, the demand for methodologies that can aptly respond to prevent intrusion within a network has soared disturbingly. Various utilization of anomaly traffic detection techniques has been conducted in the past, all with the similar aim to prevent disruption in networks. This research aims to find an efficient classifier that detects anomaly traffic from N_BaIoT dataset with the highest overall precision and recall by experimenting with four machine learning techniques. Four binary classifiers: Decision Trees, Extra Trees Classifiers, Random Forests, and Support Vector Machines are tested and validated to produce the result. The outcome demonstrates that all the classifiers perform exceptionally well when used to train and test the anomaly within a single device. Moreover, Random Forests classifier outperforms all others when training is done on a particular device to test the anomaly on completely unrelated devices.
Itinerant Assemblages and Material Networks: the Application of Assemblage Theory to Networks in Archaeology

This paper explores the potential for Assemblage Theory to contribute to current approaches in network thinking in Archaeology. I argue that Assemblage Theory offers improved explanatory models for understanding relationality and how social networks aggregate, change, and disassemble over time at multiple scales. In recent years, network approaches in Archaeology have encouraged the study of complex assemblages. To complement these studies, I argue for the productivity of broadening traditional definitions of assemblage to one that does not discriminate between assemblages of itinerant objects in dispersed networks and those situated within a self-contained site. Following Assemblage Theory, I therefore suggest that assemblage is best defined as a cluster of emergent, relational phenomena and that materials, human actants, forces, and other matter need not be confined to any one geographically delineated space in order to constitute an assemblage. To evaluate the possibilities for Assemblage Theory applications, I examine the movements of walrus ivory objects across the North Atlantic and continental Europe, ca. 800–1550 CE. A reconstruction of the extended network involved in these itinerant materials reveals patterns of material movements informed by economic behavior and political change. The application of Assemblage Theory to this model offers a valuable theoretical foundation to address the interconnected agency and relationality of network entities and components. This approach allows for greater complexity and specificity in identifying and explaining the material networks which generated economic change between medieval Europe and Africa.
Enhancing Your Webside Manner: Optimizing Opportunities for Relationship-Centered Care in Virtual Visits

In the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019, virtual visits have become the primary means of delivering efficient, high-quality, and safe health care while Americans are instructed to stay at home until the rapid transmission of the virus abates. An important variable in the quality of any patient-clinician interaction, including virtual visits, is how adroit the clinician is at forming a relationship. This article offers a review of the research that exists on forming a relationship in a virtual visit and the outcomes of a quality improvement project which resulted in the refinement of a "Communication Tip Sheet" that can be used with virtual visits. It also offers several communication strategies predicated on the R.E.D.E. to Communicate model that can be used when providing care virtually.
Conditions affecting the revelation effect for autobiographical memory.

In four experiments involving 184 participants, people rated their confidence that particular events had happened in their childhood (e.g., “Broke a window playing ball”). If participants had to unscramble a key word in a phrase just before rating it (e.g., “Broke anwidwo [window] playing ball”), confidence ratings increased—the revelation effect. However, the pattern of revelation effects depended on the particular way in which participants processed key words (e.g., visualizing vs. counting vowels in the wordwindow) approximately 10 min prior to rating life events that contained those words. Prior exposure to key words never in itself directly affected confidence ratings. These results demonstrate that one can manipulate the revelation effect by altering the processing that participants perform on words prior to unscrambling them. These results also pose difficulties for many accounts of the revelation effect. The major puzzle posed by our present findings is that unscrambling key words increases confidence that an event has happened in childhood, whereas prior exposure to these words does not.
Digital Data in Lupus: Metrics and Future Directions

With technologic advances and changes come opportunities to learn and leverage digital data to advance science and make important insights. Using digital data to answer questions about the causes and consequences of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is not novel, although the types of data that we have access to continue to evolve. In this chapter we begin by describing the major types of digital data, such as electronic health records (EHR), registries, data from wearable technologies, and social media. We then elaborate on important caveats to this kind of research, walking the reader through possible threats to validity including selection bias, limitations to generalizability, measurement error, and missing data.