cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bicarinellata a New Name for Bicarinella Rode, Lieberman, and Rowell, 2003 (Arthopoda, Bradoriida) Preoccupied by Bicarinella Waterhouse, 1966 (Mollusca, Gastropoda) and Bicarinella Akopyan, 1976 (Mollusca, Gastropoda)

The genus Bicarinella Rode et al., 2003 was erected for a new hipponicharionid bradoriid species described from the early Cambrian of East Antarctica, characterized by a subtriangular carapace with prominent anterior and posterior lobes developed as two distinctive, sharp ridges (bi = two, carina = ridges). Unfortunately, the name Bicarinella is preoccupied by two different gastropod genera: Bicarinella Waterhouse 1966, a Permian gastropod from New Zealand and Australia, and Bicarinella Akopyan 1976, a gastropod from Late Cretaceous strata of Armenia, Serbia, Romania, Tajikistan, and Egypt (Mennessier, 1994; Banjac, 1998; Pana, 1998). Mennessier (1994) transferred Bicarinella Akopyan, 1976 from its original status as an independent taxon to a subgenus of Pseudomesalia Douville 1916, but subsequent workers have continued to consider Bicarinella a valid genus (Pena, 1998; Banjac, 1998). Due to the preoccupation, the bradoriid genus is herein renamed in accordance with the requirement of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999, article 60). It is also noted here that the one of the two distinct gastropod genera should be renamed. The name Bicarinellata (bi = two, carina = ridges) is proposed as a replacement name for Bicarinella Rode et al., 2003. This name retains the original prefixes to preserve taxonomic stability as much as possible. The type species of Bicarinellata is B. evansi by original designation (Rode et al., 2003).
CACNA2D2-mediated apoptosis in NSCLC cells is associated with alterations of the intracellular calcium signaling and disruption of mitochondria membrane integrity.

The CACNA2D2 gene, a new subunit of the Ca2+-channel complex, was identified in the homozygous deletion region of chromosome 3p21.3 in human lung and breast cancers. Expression deficiency of the CACNA2D2 in cancer cells suggests a possible link of it to Ca2+ signaling in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and other cancers. We investigated the effects of overexpression of CACNA2D2 on intracellular Ca2+ contents, mitochondria homeostasis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis by adenoviral vector-mediated wild-type CACNA2D2 gene transfer in 3p21.3-deficient nonsmall cell lung cancer cell lines. Exogenous expression of CACNA2D2 significantly inhibited tumor cell growth compared with the controls. Overexpression of CACNA2D2 induced apoptosis in H1299 (12.5%), H358 (13.7%), H460 (22.3%), and A549 (50.1%) cell lines. Levels of intracellular free Ca2+ were elevated in AdCACNA2D2-transduced cells compared with the controls. Mitochondria membrane depolarization was observed prior to apoptosis in Ad-CACNA2D2 and Adp53-transduced H460 and A549 cells. Release of cyt c into the cytosol, caspase 3 activation, and PARP cleavage were also detected in these cells. Together, these results suggest that one of the pathways in CACNA2D2-induced apoptosis is mediated through disruption of mitochondria membrane integrity, the release of cyt c, and the activation of caspases, a process that is associated with regulation of cytosolic free Ca2+ contents.
Diffuse gastrointestinal polyposis associated with chronic blood loss, hypoproteinemia, and anasarca in an infant

Summary An infant is described who had severe intestinal loss of protein and died of polypoid adenomatosis of the entire gastrointestinal tract from the esophagogastric junction to the anus. Consideration of possible diagnostic entities reveals that this was a sporadic case not fitting into the more common syndromes.
Predictors of well-structured and ill-structured problem solving in an astronomy simulation

This study compared the problem-solving skills required for solving well-structured problems and ill-structured problems in the context of an open-ended, multimedia problem-solving environment in astronomy. Two sets of open-ended questions assessed students' abilities for solving well-structured and ill-structured problems. Generalized, rubric scoring systems were developed for assessing problem-solving skills. Instruments were also developed and administered to assess cognitive and affective predictors of problem-solving performance. By regressing the scores on the cognitive and affective predictors onto students' scores on the well-structured and ill-structured problems, we concluded that solving well-structured and ill-structured problems require different component skills. Domain knowledge and justification skills were significant predictors of well-structured problem-solving scores, whereas ill-structured problem-solving scores were significantly predicted by domain knowledge, justification skills, science attitudes, and regulation of cognition. Implications for problem solving in science education are presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 40: 6–33, 2003
Paleolimnological reconstruction of the effects of atmospheric deposition of acids and heavy metals on the chemistry and biology of lakes in New England and Norway

Sediment cores from nine lakes in southern Norway (N) and six in northern New England (NE) were dated by 137Cs, 210Pb and in NE also by pollen, and were analyzed geochemically and for diatoms. Cores from two N and three NE lakes were analyzed for cladocerans. 137Cs dating is unreliable in these lakes, probably due to mobility of Cs in the sediment. In Holmvatn sediment, an up-core increase in Fe, starting ca. 1900, correlates with geochemical indications of decreasing mechanical erosion of soils. Diatoms indicate a lake acidification starting in the 1920’s. We propose that soil Fe was mobilized and runoff acidified by acidic precipitation and/or by soil acidification resulting from vegetational succession following reduced grazing. Even minor land use changes or disturbances in lake watersheds introduce ambiguity to the sedimentary evidence relating to atmospheric influences. Diatom counts from surface sediments in 36 N and 31 NE lakes were regressed against contemporary water pH to obtain coefficients for computing past pH from subsurface counts. Computed decreases of 0.3–0.8 pH units start between 1890 and 1930 in N lakes already acidic (pH 5.0–5.5) before the decrease. These and lesser decreases in other lakes start decades to over a century after the first sedimentary indications of atmospheric heavy metal pollution. It is proposed that the acidification of precipitation accompanied the metal pollution. The delays in lake acidification may be due to buffering by the lakes and watersheds. The magnitude of acidification and heavy metal loading of the lakes parallels air pollution gradients. Shift in cladoceran remains are contemporary with acidification, preceding elimination of fishes.
Memory dependence speculation tradeoffs in centralized, continuous-window superscalar processors

We consider a variety of dynamic, hardware-based methods for exploiting load/store parallelism, including mechanisms that use memory dependence speculation. While previous work has also investigated such methods, this has been done primarily for split, distributed window processor models. We focus on centralized continuous-window processor models (the common configuration today). We confirm that exploiting load/store parallelism can greatly improve performance. Moreover, we show that much of this performance potential can be captured if addresses of the memory locations accessed by both loads and stores can be used to schedule loads. However, using addresses to schedule load execution may not always be an option due to complexity, latency, and cost considerations. For this reason, we also consider configurations that use just memory dependence speculation to guide load execution. We consider a variety of methods and show that speculation/synchronization can be used to effectively exploit virtually all load/store parallelism. We demonstrate that this technique is competitive to or better than the one that uses addresses for scheduling loads. We conclude by discussing why our findings differ, in part, from those reported for split, distributed window processor models.
Job seeking, reemployment, and mental health: a randomized field experiment in coping with job loss.

Cognitive theories of adherence to difficult courses of action and findings from previous survey research on coping with a major life event—job loss—were used to generate a preventive intervention, tested by a randomized field experiment. The aim was to prevent poor mental health and loss of motivation to seek reemployment among those who continued to be unemployed and to promote high-quality reemployment. Ss were 928 recently unemployed adults from southeastern Michigan, representing a broad range of demographic characteristics; they were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control condition. The experimental intervention included training in job seeking with a problem-solvin g process emphasizing inoculation against setbacks and positive social reinforcement. A pretest was administered, followed by posttests 1 and 4 months after the experiment. The experimental condition yielded higher quality reemployment in terms of earnings and job satisfaction, and higher motivation among those who continued to be unemployed.
Relationships between land use, spatial scale and stream macroinvertebrate communities

1. The structure of lotic macroinvertebrate communities may be strongly influenced by land-use practices within catchments. However, the relative magnitude of influence on the benthos may depend upon the spatial arrangement of different land uses in the catchment. 2. We examined the influence of land-cover patterns on in-stream physico-chemical features and macroinvertebrate assemblages in nine southern Appalachian headwater basins characterized by a mixture of land-use practices. Using a geographical information system (GIS)/remote sensing approach, we quantified land-cover at five spatial scales; the entire catchment, the riparian corridor, and three riparian ‘sub-corridors’ extending 200, 1000 and 2000 m upstream of sampling reaches. 3. Stream water chemistry was generally related to features at the catchment scale. Conversely, stream temperature and substratum characteristics were strongly influenced by land-cover patterns at the riparian corridor and sub-corridor scales. 4. Macroinvertebrate assemblage structure was quantified using the slope of rank-abundance plots, and further described using diversity and evenness indices. Taxon richness ranged from 24 to 54 among sites, and the analysis of rank-abundance curves defined three distinct groups with high, medium and low diversity. In general, other macroinvertebrate indices were in accord with rank-abundance groups, with richness and evenness decreasing among sites with maximum stream temperature. 5. Macroinvertebrate indices were most closely related to land-cover patterns evaluated at the 200 m sub-corridor scale, suggesting that local, streamside development effectively alters assemblage structure. 6. Results suggest that differences in macroinvertebrate assemblage structure can be explained by land-cover patterns when appropriate spatial scales are employed. In addition, the influence of riparian forest patches on in-stream habitat features (e.g. the thermal regime) may be critical to the distribution of many taxa in headwater streams draining catchments with mixed land-use practices.
Stance width influences frontal plane balance responses to centripetal accelerations

Abstract Whenever the body is moving in a curvilinear path, inertial torques resulting from centripetal accelerations act on the body and must be counteracted to maintain stability. We tested the hypothesis that healthy subjects orient their center of mass in the position where gravitational torques offset the inertial torques due to centripetal accelerations. Ten healthy subjects stood on a platform that rotated in a circle at either a slow or fast speed, eyes open or closed, and in narrow or wide stance. Upper body, lower body, and center of mass (CoM) tilt with respect to vertical were measured and averaged across a 40 second time period of constant velocity. Body tilt was compared to the gravito-inertial acceleration (GIA) angle with respect to vertical. In all moving conditions, the upper body, lower body, and CoM tilted inward. However, this inward tilt did not reach the predicted GIA angle (CoM tilt was ∼78% and 39% toward the predicted GIA angle in narrow and wide stance, respectively). Ratios of body tilt to GIA angle were minimally influenced by visual availability and magnitude of centripetal acceleration; but were largely influenced by stance width whereby narrow stance inward tilt was greater than wide stance. These results further highlight the important influence of the base of support on balance control strategies and enhance our understanding of how the balance control system compensates for inertial torques generated from centripetal accelerations.
An overview of dielectric measurements

It is noted that, approximately 25 years ago, commercial electronic instruments were brought on the market that heralded a new era in dielectric measurements; this electronic era is now rapidly drawing to a close, and is on the verge of being eclipsed by an era that could be called intelligent instruments. The development of dielectric measurement technology before and after the founding of the Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society is discussed, with the main emphasis on measurement of permittivity and related matters in the lower range of frequencies. Attention is given to the interpretation of results and the instrumental errors may occur. >
The Neuroscience of Implicit Moral Evaluation and Its Relation to Generosity in Early Childhood

Despite cultural and individual variation, humans are a judgmental bunch. There is accumulating evidence for early social and moral evaluation as shown by research with infants and children documenting the notion that some behaviors are perceived as right and others are perceived as wrong. Moreover, social interactions are governed by a concern for fairness and others' well-being. However, although generosity increases between infancy and late childhood, it is less clear what mechanisms guide this change. Early predispositions toward prosociality are thought to arise in concert with the social and cultural environment, developing into adult morality, a complex incorporation of emotional, motivational, and cognitive processes. Using EEG combined with eye tracking and behavioral sharing, we investigated, for the first time, the temporal neurodynamics of implicit moral evaluation in 3- to 5-year-old children. Results show distinct early automatic attentional (EPN) and later cognitively controlled (N2, LPP) patterns of neural response while viewing characters engaging in helping and harming behaviors. Importantly, later (LPP), but not early (EPN), waveforms predicted actual generosity. These results shed light on theories of moral development by documenting the respective contribution of automatic and cognitive neural processes underpinning social evaluation and directly link these neural computations to prosocial behavior in children.
Quantification of Intraventricular Hemorrhage is Consistent Using a Spherical Sensitivity Matrix

We have developed a robust current pattern for detection of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). In this study, the current pattern was applied on two realistic shaped neonatal head models and one head-shaped phantom. We found that a sensitivity matrix calculated from a spherical model gave us satisfactory reconstructions in terms of both image quality and quantification. Incorporating correct geometry information into the forward model improved image quality. However, it did not improve quantification accuracy. The results indicate that using a spherical matrix may be a more practical choice for monitoring IVH volumes in neonates.
A palliative care intervention for pain refractory to a percutaneous cordotomy

Background Intrathecal analgesia and radiofrequency techniques for tumor ablation are employed for palliation of symptoms. These interventions are efficacious in a select number of patients for controlling pain and improving quality of life. Careful selection of an appropriate candidate must be performed to prevent needless, invasive, and costly interventions, as interventional pain management alone will not treat total pain in cancer patients. We describe here a patient who experienced intractable pain and unsuccessfully underwent cordotomy but responded to the interdisciplinary (IDT) palliative care approach in an acute palliative care unit (APCU). Case A middle-aged female with ovarian cancer metastatic to the left psoas muscle and the supraclavicular and retroperitoneal lymph nodes was admitted with severe left thigh and flank pain. She had been unsuccessfully treated with different opioid regimens, hypogastric nerve block, epidural steroid injection, and cordotomy. The palliative care team was consulted while awaiting placement of an intrathecal pump. The patient was subsequently transferred to the APCU for symptom management and transition to hospice. On admission, her morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD) was 660 mg. Our IDT--composed of a physician, fellow, nurse practitioner, counselor, chaplain, social worker, and physical and occupational therapists--was able to identify several sources of distress that likely contributed to her expression of pain. Our IDT focused on frequent counseling, improving her function, provided medication education, discussed goals of care, and educated about hospice. She was discharged to hospice care with good pain control and an 85% reduction in her MEDD. Conclusion An APCU approach involving an IDT alleviated the need for invasive interventions by diagnosing and treating the psychosocial, emotional, and spiritual distress contributing to the patient's total pain expression. Successful management must be reflective of rigorous assessment of the physical, psychological, spiritual, social, and practical aspects before consideration of more invasive treatments.
Changing Stone Composition Profile of Children With Nephrolithiasis

Objective To determine if this trend toward calcium phosphate stone formation exists in children. Methods This is a retrospective study of medical records of 179 children managed at our medical center from 1992-2010 for whom stone analysis and other pertinent laboratory data were available. A comparison of patients managed from 1992-2000 (P1) and 2001-2010 (P2) was undertaken. Statistical analysis included nonparametric tests. Results There were no significant differences in the mean age of the 2 cohorts. During both periods, boys comprised a significantly higher proportion during the first decade of life, whereas girls comprised a significantly higher proportion during the second decade. A higher percentage of patients had calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones in P1 compared to P2 (60% vs 47%, P = .0019). There was a significant increase in the percentage of patients having calcium phosphate stones in P2 compared to P1 (27% vs 18.5%, P = .008). Twenty-seven patients had recurrent stones. A comparison of the compositions of the first and last stones of patients within this group demonstrated an increasing proportion of brushite stones (3.7% vs 11.1%, P = .04). Twenty-four hour urine testing results were similar for those with CaOx and calcium phosphate stones. Conclusion An increasing proportion of children have calcium phosphate calculi. Brushite stones are more prevalent in children with recurrent stone events. The impetus of these shifts is not readily apparent.
Twins: measures of birth size at different gestational ages.

Summary. Means, standard deviations, and empirical centile values are given for birth weight, length and head circumference for twins born at gestational ages 31 + to 42+ weeks. The data are compared with recent results for singletons, and the twins show a deficit that becomes greater as gestational age increases. Although weight may be slightly more affected than the other two measures, the relative growth suppression for twins is quite similar in all three dimensions. Comparatively, the average size of twins born at 33 + weeks gestational age is equal to the 36th centile for singletons; but at 40-t- weeks gestational age, the average size for twins is below the 5th centile for singletons.
Our Own Backyard: The Protocols of Poi

Hawaiian boy wanna sing; about Soweto and Buffalo soldiers, but what about our own backyard? Just cuz we don't call them shanty towns don't mean they aren't there; from Anahola, to Waimanalo, from Wai’ anae to King's Landing; Our people gotta know we care
Informative Prediction Based on Ordinal Questionnaire Data

Supporting human decision making is a major goal of data mining. The more decision making is critical, the more interpretability is required in the predictive model. This paper proposes a new framework to build a fully interpretable predictive model for questionnaire data, while maintaining high prediction accuracy with regards to the final outcome. Such a model has applications in project risk assessment, in health care, in sentiment analysis and presumably in any real world application that relies on questionnaire data for informative and accurate prediction. Our framework is inspired by models in Item Response Theory (IRT), which were originally developed in psychometrics with applications to standardized tests such as SAT. We first extend these models, which are essentially unsupervised, to the supervised setting. We then derive a distance metric from the trained model to define the informativeness of individual question items. On real-world questionnaire data obtained from information technology projects, we demonstrate the power of this approach in terms of interpretability as well as predictability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that leverages the IRT framework to provide informative and accurate prediction on ordinal questionnaire data.
Drawing Forth Difference

In an effort to describe the operations of the discursive image in architectural pedagogy and practice, the JAE Design Committee collectively wrote the following:As Robin Evans so astutely observed...
A Study of Surface Active Agents in Broiler Diets

ABSTRACT CONFLICTING data have been reported in the literature on the role of surface active agents (referred to as surfactants herafter) in poultry nutrition. Ely (1951) and Ely and Schott (1952) showed a consistent growth response of chicks fed several surfactants. Their findings were not confirmed by the work of Scott et al. (1952), Stern et al. (1953), Morrison et al. (1954) and Branion et al. (1954). However, Ney et al. (1954) reported that a sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate detergent increased growth over the control group by 6 to 11 percent in a 12-week experiment. Synder et al. (1953) found a negative response with surfactants, in vitamin B12 adequate practical diets. In the absence of vitamin B12, a growth stimulation was observed with ethmoid C/15 or an antibiotic. However, this response was not as good as that with vitamin B12. Likewise, March et al. (1954) presented evidence that the growth stimulating . . .
DEPENDENCE OF GENE FLOW ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTANCE IN TWO SOLITARY CORALS WITH DIFFERENT LARVAL DISPERSAL CAPABILITIES

When the level of gene flow among populations depends upon the geographic distance separating them, genetic differentiation is relatively enhanced. Although the larval dispersal capabilities of marine organisms generally correlate with inferred levels of average gene flow, the effect of different modes of larval development on the association between gene flow and geographic distance remains unknown. In this paper, I examined the relationship between gene flow and distance in two co-occurring solitary corals. Balanophyllia elegans broods large, nonfeeding planulae that generally crawl only short distances from their place of birth before settling. In contrast, Paracyathus stearnsii free-spawns and produces small planktonic larvae presumably capable of broad dispersal by oceanic currents. I calculated F-statistics using genetic variation at six (P. stearnsii) or seven (B. elegans) polymorphic allozyme loci revealed by starch gel electrophoresis, and used these F-statistics to infer levels of gene flow. Average levels of gene flow among twelve Californian localities agreed with previous studies: the species with planktonic, feeding larvae was less genetically subdivided than the brooding species. In addition, geographic isolation between populations appeared to affect gene flow between populations in very different ways in the two species. In the brooding B. elegans, gene flow declined with increasing separation, and distance explained 31% of the variation in gene flow. In the planktonically dispersed P. stearnsii distance of separation between populations at the scale studied (10-1000 km) explained only 1% of the variation in gene flow between populations. The mechanisms generating geographic genetic differentiation in species with different modes of larval development should vary fundamentally as a result of these qualitative differences in the dependence of gene flow on distance.
OVOVIVIPARITY AND NYMPHAL SEASONAL MOVEMENTS OF CALLIBAETIS SPP. (EPHEMEROPTERA: BAETIDAE) IN A POND IN SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC

Callibaetis ferrugineus (Walsh) and C . fluctuons (Walsh) nymphs moved from the shallow, peripheral area of a pond during the late summer and autumn to the deeper water where they overwintered. In the spring they returned to the peripheral area where they were found throughout the summer. C . ferrugineus and C . fluctuans are ovoviviparous. A relationship between ovoviviparity and seasonal movements of the nymphs is suggested.
Research on Application of Fuzzy Evaluation in Quality of University Teaching

This paper discusses how to get weight of item of teaching evaluation system.Fuzzy evaluation method is applied in the evaluating of teaching quality.The effect is very well.
Design and evaluation of high current PCB embedded inductor for high frequency inverters

This paper describes the design and evaluation of high current toroidal Printed Circuit Board (PCB) embedded inductor applicable for high frequency DC/AC converters (lower than 10MHz). The equivalent circuit model of the inductor is presented and the filtering effectiveness is verified by testing three different geometries with its own characteristics and function through a GaN converter. Besides, the temperature rise analysis is provided for all the prototypes by using finite element methods, and the obtained results are also verified by experiments. The reason behind asymmetric trend of temperature rise for the toroidal PCB embedded inductor is also discussed through both simulation and experiment, and the capability of using a heat sink to lower the temperature increment for different geometries is explained.
Toward Behavior Analytic Practice in Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)

Despite several decades of research regarding strategies for teaching functional communication skills to individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), many individuals today still have no means of communicating with their peers or caregivers. This chapter reviews some ways in which the science of behavior analysis has been applied to address deficits in functional communication among individuals with IDD, specifically focusing on issues relating to generalized and conditional use of newly acquired communicative behaviors. Areas in which further research could extend our understanding of behavioral principles and their application to the practice of augmentative and alternative communication for individuals with IDD are also explored.
Design Before Evaluation

To evaluate something, we must have that something available in some form—subject to being observed, tested, measured, etc., as desirable and appropriate. The object of evaluation may or may not be in its completed or final representation or state of existence. It may only be partially implemented, with other modules, functionalities, and refinements yet to be added; or it may be implemented on a trial basis, as a prototype. Further, it may not be implemented in any form, but only exist in terms of a detailed description or model, or as a specification for implementation. Finally, the object of evaluation may in fact be a product that is complete and operational.
Circuit performance analysis of negative capacitance FinFETs

Circuit-level performance analysis of negative capacitance FinFETs (NC-FinFET) is presented for ultra-low power high performance applications. Circuit simulations are performed by developing a compact model which solves Landau-Khalatnikov (L-K) equations self-consistently with the three-dimensional device electrostatics of the FinFET device. Using an accurate L g = 30 nm FinFET model, L-K model parameters of ferroelectric (FE) layer are extracted from an experimental NC-FinFET data. With the experimentally calibrated model, we show for the first time that for the same inverter delay as the 14 nm ITRS FinFET, V dd for NC-FinFET can be lowered from 0.7 V to 0.25 V, reducing energy by ∼10×. Optimization of the FE layer parameters can further boost the device performance.
The Gendered Economics of the Olympic Games

Sport economics, an entire subject unto itself, includes the Olympics as a mega event ranging from the host bidding process to bottom-line budgets for the Games. Factor in gender and it is apparent that Olympics economics is quite an important topic. This chapter includes a discussion on amateurism versus professionalism, commercialism, the role of media—including audiences, sportscaster commentary, social media, and technology.
Nonpolar InGaN/GaN Core-Shell Single Nanowire Lasers.

We report lasing from nonpolar p-i-n InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well core–shell single-nanowire lasers by optical pumping at room temperature. The nanowire lasers were fabricated using a hybrid approach consisting of a top-down two-step etch process followed by a bottom-up regrowth process, enabling precise geometrical control and high material gain and optical confinement. The modal gain spectra and the gain curves of the core–shell nanowire lasers were measured using micro-photoluminescence and analyzed using the Hakki-Paoli method. Significantly lower lasing thresholds due to high optical gain were measured compared to previously reported semipolar InGaN/GaN core–shell nanowires, despite significantly shorter cavity lengths and reduced active region volume. Mode simulations show that due to the core–shell architecture, annular-shaped modes have higher optical confinement than solid transverse modes. The results show the viability of this p-i-n nonpolar core–shell nanowire architecture, previously investig...
Coordination of Sequential Action in Asymmetrical Hexameric ATPase by Arginine Finger

Biomotors are involved in countless vital active processes including muscle motion, heart beating, lung breathing, DNA replication, cell division and viral DNA packaging. In this report, the sequential action of the ATPase ring in the dsDNA packaging motor of phi29 is revealed to be regulated by an arginine finger. Arginine finger is shown to extend from one ATPase subunit to the adjacent one for a noncovalent dimer formation, and is involved in ATP binding, hydrolysis, and DNA translocation. Dimer formation is observed when arginine mutants were mixed with wild-types, which can offer their arginine to promote the inter-subunit interaction. Ultracentrifugation and in vitro virion assembly assays indicated that the ATPase was presenting as monomers and dimer mixtures, based on the results that the isolated dimers alone were deficient in DNA translocation, but the addition of monomer could restore the activity. Moreover, ATP binding or hydrolysis induce two rounds of conformational entropy changes of the ATPase with high or low DNA affinity. Taken together, we concluded that the arginine finger regulates sequential action of the motor ATPase subunit by promoting the formation of the dimer inside the hexamer. The formation of one dimer and four monomers inside the hexamer lead to an asymmetrical configuration of the hexameric ATPase complex. Such organization is supported by structural evidences of many other ATPase systems. All the results above provide clues for why the hexameric phi29 ATPase was previously reported as a pentameric configuration by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Since the bridging by the arginine finger renders two adjacent ATPase subunits closer than other subunits, thus, the asymmetrical hexamer would appear as a pseudo-pentamer by cryo-EM, a technology that acquires the average of numerous images.
Psychological Experiences Associated with Robotic Chair Massage: A Pilot Study

This pilot study examined 186 healthy adults who received a 20-min full-body massage in a robotic massage chair. The majority of the participants rated the experience to be highly pleasurable, and this evaluation was influenced by age and life satisfaction. Large changes in pre- to post-massage symptoms of anxiety and tranquillity were also observed. These preliminary findings support the psychological effectiveness of robotic chair massage which can be readily used by lay people and professionals alike to promote mental health and well-being.
Printable, Degradable, and Biocompatible Ion Gels from a Renewable ABA Triblock Polyester and a Low Toxicity Ionic Liquid

We have designed printable, biocompatible, and degradable ion gels by combining a novel ABA triblock aliphatic polyester, poly(e-decalactone)-b-poly(dl-lactide)-b-poly(e-decalactone), and a low toxicity ionic liquid, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide ([P14][TFSI]). Due to the favorable compatibility between amorphous poly(dl-lactide) and [P14][TFSI] and the insolubility of the poly(e-decalactone), the triblock polymer forms self-assembled micellar cross-links similar to thermoplastic elastomers, which ensures similar processing conditions and mechanical robustness during the fabrication of printed electrolyte-gated organic transistor devices. Additionally, the ester backbone in the polymer structure enables efficient hydrolytic degradation of these ion gels compared to those made previously using carbon-backbone polymers.
Analysis of transmission and polarization optimization of counter-small UAS (C-SUAS) radar and jamming

This study summarizes recent progress on the Drone Detection and Mitigation Radar (DDMR) concept, with focus on polarimetric radar signature of small UAS at different frequency bands, micro-Doppler impact, and the optimization of sweeping noise jamming solution of the communication links. New results of measurements are presented and effort to achieve the optimal effectiveness of the sweep jamming is summarized.
Determinants of human papillomavirus vaccine attitudes: an interview of Wisconsin parents

Parental attitudes play a key role in their decisions to vaccinate adolescents against the human papillomavirus (HPV). Little is known, however, about the formative experiences that shape parents’ attitudes about the HPV vaccine. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 25 parents of 11–17 year old adolescents in Wisconsin who changed their HPV vaccine attitudes (per prior surveys) over one year. A modified grounded theory approach was then used to generate primary themes of attitudinal determinants. Participants were predominately mothers. We identified three major themes that shaped parents’ HPV attitudes: (1) the perceived likelihood of the HPV vaccine preventing cancer, (2) agency in adolescence and gauging their adolescent child’s intent for sexual activity, (3) the credibility of HPV vaccine information sources. General messaging around cancer prevention did not always supersede some parents’ concerns about the vaccine’s perceived link to sexual activity. Parents often viewed their adolescent child’s feelings about the HPV vaccine as a gauge of their (child’s) intent for sexual activity. Interviewees felt a sense of responsibility to educate themselves about the HPV vaccine using multiple sources and particularly looked to their medical provider to filter conflicting information. More family-specific (vs. disease-prevention) messaging and recommendations may be needed in the clinical environment to sway some parents’ negative attitudes about the HPV vaccine. Future research should explore additional strategies to improve HPV vaccine attitudes, such as situating the vaccine in the context of a monogamous lifestyle that many parents wish to impart to their children.
Pathogenesis and Treatment of Mitochondrial Disorders

In the past 50 years, our understanding of the biochemical and molecular causes of mitochondrial diseases, defined restrictively as disorders due to defects of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC), has made great strides. Mitochondrial diseases can be due to mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or in nuclear DNA (nDNA) and each group can be subdivided into more specific classes. Thus, mtDNA-related disorders can result from mutations in genes affecting protein synthesis in toto or mutations in protein-coding genes. Mendelian mitochondrial disorders can be attributed to mutations in genes that (i) encode subunits of the RC (“direct hits”); (ii) encode assembly proteins or RC complexes (“indirect hits”); (iii) encode factors needed for mtDNA maintenance, replication, or translation (intergenomic signaling); (iv) encode components of the mitochondrial protein import machinery; (v) control the synthesis and composition of mitochondrial membrane phospholipids; and (vi) encode proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics.
Control charts for statistical process control

Statistical process control is similar to engineering process control, described in Chapter 8, in that both types of control force the process to produce a good product. One difference between them, however, lies in the amount of effort used to determine if the process is under control before making a change or searching for a cause of lack of control. Control charts are the tools that are used to determine whether or not a process is in control. This chapter summarizes some of the rudimentary principles and ideas behind the development and use of control charts. We then present fuzzy control charts and give examples of their use.
The Role of Interactive Communication Technologies in Behavioral Medicine

Relative to other channels, the Internet and other interactive communication technologies have the potential of providing greater numbers of individuals with effective behavioral health interventions at a low cost. Achieving this potential requires an understanding of these technologies – who uses them, how they are used – and an understanding of the active elements of interventions created for these technologies. This chapter examines both the reach and efficacy of these interventions and future directions of the field.
Markov chains and generalized wavelet multiresolutions

We develop some new results for a general class of transfer operators, as they are used in a construction of multi-resolutions. We then proceed to give explicit and concrete applications. We further discuss the need for such a constructive harmonic analysis/dynamical systems approach to fractals.
Effects of exercise on voluntary intake, morphometric measurements, and oral sugar test response in horses on ad libitum forage

In a previous study, exercise resulted in weight loss and improvements in insulin and glucose metabolism, but horses on free-choice forage may increase feed intake in response to exercise, potentia...
Imposter syndrome in the vet profession.

There has been much written about veterinarians’ mental health. Yet a common issue faced by many medical professionals has not been studied or even discussed within the veterinary profession. I am referring to imposter syndrome – that …
Simulation and Flight Test Environments for the TASAR Traffic Aware Planner

The Traffic Aware Planner (TAP) software is a flight deck decision support tool that enhances the flight crew’s ability to make flight-optimizing route change requests while airborne. The software provides conflict-free, optimized trajectory suggestions during en route flight to produce time- and fuel-savings compared to the current trajectory. The TAP software requires evaluation in an operational environment with real pilot users to validate projected benefits. To this end, a set of developmental test environments have been developed to mature the software and mitigate technical risk prior to entering operational evaluation. The unique attributes of each test environment were leveraged to provide a range of purpose- and case-dependent TAP software tests. This paper describes the elements of a testing environment, discusses several environments of varying fidelity used to test the TAP software, and provides a review of two case studies highlighting the vital role testing played in the TAP software development process.
The impact of reach averaging Manning’s equation for an in-situ dataset of water surface elevation, width, and slope

Abstract The Surface Water and Ocean Topography Mission (SWOT) will generate global, spatially continuous maps of water surface elevation and extent for large inland water bodies when it launches in 2021. We present an analysis of water surface elevation, width, and bathymetry timeseries data from a medium-sized (average annual discharge 14 m 3 /s) river to explore Manning’s equation, an empirical open channel flow equation, in the context of SWOT discharge algorithms. While this equation is in theory inapplicable to natural channels due to the non-uniform and spatially heterogeneous nature of river systems, we explored approaches to adapt it to this context using reach-averaged variables. At twenty sites along a 6.5 km stretch of the Olentangy River in Ohio, USA, we collected automated and manual measurements of water surface elevation and river width, undertook a full bathymetric survey of the study area, and built a hydraulic model. The stretch of river was divided into five reaches, and hydraulic variables were reach-averaged. Using these variables, we used a modified form of Manning’s equation to compute a reach-averaged roughness coefficient. Reach-averaged roughness coefficients varied nonlinearly with discharge and were 2-10 times larger at low flow than at high flow in the in-situ data, ranging from 0.06 to 0.61 in one of the study reaches. These results were compared with the output of an unsteady flow simulation using a calibrated 1-D hydraulic model which was run with constant roughness coefficients at each cross section. When reach-averaged data was used, model-derived roughness coefficient also varied by more than an order of magnitude, with a range of 0.02 to 0.82 for one reach. For both in-situ and model-derived datasets, using a two-parameter roughness coefficient which scaled with a power law on either discharge or stage reduced discharge estimation error, with error for one reach dropping from 81 % to 8 % relative root-mean square error (rRMSE) in the in-situ data and 58 % to 8 % nRMSE in the modeled data. These results imply that spatial averaging of hydraulic variables leads to large variations in reach averaged Manning’s n , which we term the reach’s “effective resistance”, and suggest that this variability can be accounted for with a simple parameterization in estimates of discharge that use spatially averaged data.
Over-the-Shoulder Attack Resistant Graphical Authentication Schemes Impact on Working Memory.

Alphanumeric passwords are the most commonly employed authentication scheme. However, technical security requirements often make alphanumeric authentication difficult to use. Researchers have developed graphical authentication schemes to help strike a balance between security requirements and usability. However, replacing characters with pictures has introduced both negative (security vulnerabilities) and positive (memorability benefits) outcomes. We are aware of the noteworthy long-term memory advantages of graphical passcodes, but little is known about the impact on users’ limited working memory resources. Authentication is always a secondary task, which probably consumes working memory. This pilot study examines the impact graphical authentication schemes (Convex-Hull Click; Use Your Illusion; What You See is Where you Enter) have on working memory (Verbal; Spatial; Central Executive). Our findings suggest that graphical authentication schemes impact on working memory varies. This work shows that further investigation is needed to understand the complex relationship between scheme design and working memory.
Evaluation of a Trunk Supporting Exoskeleton for reducing Muscle Fatigue

Although the effect of wearing a back-support exoskeleton during lifting has been demonstrated to reduce overall muscle activation, less is known about how wearing exoskeletons affect muscular fati...
EARLY RESULTS OF THE REVERSE GEOMETRY DELTA III TOTAL SHOULDER REPLACEMENT PROSTHESIS FOR FRACTURE SEQUELAE

Aim: To show that the Delta III Total Shoulder Replacement (TSR) Prosthesis is an alternate treatment for complex proximal humeral fracture sequelae (Type 3 & 4) Methods: This is a prospective outcome study involving 10 patients (mean age (71.5 yrs). All patients failed conservative treatment with a mean time to surgery of 10.5 (+/− 11.5) months and a mean follow up of 8.2 months (6–24mnths). All patients underwent a Delta III TSR via McKenzie approach by a single surgeon. Patients were assessed with constant and age adjusted Constant scores, radiographs and subjective questionnaire and whether they were satisfied at 6 weeks, 3, 6, 12, 24 months. Results: At 6 months, age adjusted Constant scores changed form a mean 8.9 (5.3) pre-op to 50.1 (20.9). Six patients were satisfied, 2 unsure and 2 unsatisfied; elevation improved the most, with external rotation the least affected. Age adjusted power increase by 40.4 %, with a subjective function (10 points) improving by 32.6 %. X-rays at 6 months showed two glenoid notches in contact with the inferior screws. Three patients underwent revision surgery (total 5 revisions) for acute post – operative dislocations – all had inserts changed. Intra-operative tension assessment (by means of anterior dislocation of the humerus) was found to be a useful test of stability. Revision surgery found to be a significant predictor of poorer function at 6 months. (p Conclusion: The results of the Delta III TSR in this difficult group of patients, appear satisfactory in terms of patient satisfaction, subjective and objective functional assessment and 6 months prosthesis survival (100%), and appear to offer a better functional outcome than hemiarthroplasty.
Targeting Perceptions of Risk from Injudicious Antibiotic Use: An Application of the Risk Information Seeking and Processing Model

Enhancing knowledge about antibiotic-associated risks is key to reducing injudicious antibiotic use and slowing antibiotic resistance. Using the Risk Information Seeking and Processing (RISP) model...
Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Modeling of a Branched Polyetherimide

A coarse-grained model is developed to allow large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of a branched polyetherimide derived from two backbone monomers [4,4′-bisphenol A dianhydride (BPADA) an...