cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The fine structure of lymphosarcoma in cattle.

Nine cases of bovine lymphosarcoma were classified by light microscopy as lymphoid or reticulum according to the predominant cell type, or as lymphoreticular when there was a heterogeneous mixture of lymphoid and reticulum tumor cells. Typical ultrastructural features of these cells were as follows. Lymphoid tumor cells had smoothly contoured nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes and few cytoplasmic organelles. Reticulum tumor cells had large interchromatin spaces and irregular nuclear and cytoplasmic outlines. They often had multivesicular bodies, lysosomal vesicles, and much smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm and were frequently surrounded by extracellular microfibrils and collagen libers. Nuclear inclusion-like masses of cytoplasm were common in both types of tumor cells. No structure was observed which could be recognized as virus.
Hardware/software partitioning with integrated hardware design space exploration

This paper presents an integrated approach to hardware software partitioning and hardware design space exploration. We propose a genetic algorithm which performs hardware software partitioning on a task graph while simultaneously contemplating various design alternatives for tasks mapped to hardware. We primarily deal with data dominated designs typically found in digital signal processing and image processing applications. A detailed description of various genetic operators is presented. We provide results to illustrate the effectiveness of our integrated methodology.
1995 or So) The Law of Levity Is Allowed to Supersede the Law of Gravity

It was an age of freaks, monsters, and grotesques. All the world was misshapen in marvelous and malevolent ways.—Alfred Bester, The Stars My Destination (1955)Now this almost goes without saying: b...
Tracking the right clues with exploratory data analysis

This alternative to traditional statistical analyses is guided by clues uncovered in the course of an investigation. Exploratory data analysis can be likened to the examination of a crime scene. Just as a good detective approaches an investigation with an open mind and as few preconceived notions as possible, so, too, should data analysis be guided by clues uncovered in the course of the investigation. In contrast, the traditional statistical approach may fail to recognize unexpected behavior or anomalous data if the method of analysis turns out inconsistent with the data. In computer-based exploratory data analysis (EDA), linked tools serve to analyze the data in an interactive, free-flowing process of discovery, without constraint to a preconceived path. Open-ended exploration along these lines is often more fruitful than simply pouring data into a fixed analysis path designed to spit out "the answer" or churn out statistical summaries. The article discusses the essential features of exploratory data analysis. The technique is illustrated with reference to an automotive engineering project.
Brand Relationship Interface Management: Communication, Interaction and Integration

There are multiple interfaces viewed from the perspective of the interaction between brand and stakeholders and each interface has conflicts and other problems which affect the brand relationships. In this paper, the importance of stakeholders in the brand relationships is analyzed and the interfaces between major stakeholders are regarded as the most influential to the brand. The reasons for the conflicts are also analyzed and some brand relationship interface management methods or strategies based on Interaction of brand and stakeholders are established.
Commercial production of polystyrene

The commercial production of polystyrene is limited by engineering considerations of heat transfer rather than by rate of chemical reaction. Mass polymerization has been developed for batchwise and continuous operation. Suspension polymerization was developed to overcome the limitations of the mass process by reducing the heat-transfer distances to small values and by keeping the reacting mixture at a low viscosity. Emulsion polymerization can be considered an extreme case of suspension polymerization in which the droplet size is less than Im. A consideration of relative capital and conversion costs shows that there are not large differences between the three processes, and the final choice as to which plant to install is a matter of specific circumstances. Future developments on commercial polystyrene operation will be directed toward reducing capital costs required.
Critical care issues in the patient with chronic renal failure.

There are currently approximately 250,000 patients in the United States on maintenance dialysis [78], and it is estimated that an additional 6.2 million Americans have chronic renal impairment as defined by a serum creatinine level of 1.5 mg/dL or greater [46]. Hospitalizations in these patients are frequent because of multiple comorbid conditions and complications of renal failure and dialysis itself. According to the US Renal Data System (USRDS), chronicdialysis patients are hospitalized for an average of 14.1 days per year [78]. A substantial proportion of these hospitalizations include a period in the intensive care unit (ICU). Although critical care of patients with chronic renal failure in most respects does not differ in most respects from that of patients with normal renal function, there are several issues that require special attention. This article reviews aspects of critical care that are unique to patients with chronic renal failure with an emphasis on patients requiring maintenance dialysis. Ischemic heart disease Cardiac disease is the leading cause of death among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Age-specific analyses reveal markedly elevated risks of cardiovascular death in maintenance-dialysis patients compared with those of the general population. Of deaths classified as cardiac, 39% and 24% are attributed to cardiac arrest and acute myocardial infarction, respectively [7]. Ischemic heart disease is a frequent reason for admission of dialysis patients to the ICU. Metabolic risk factors in maintenance-dialysis patients The high prevalence of ischemic heart disease in the ESRD population in part is due to demographic characteristics. The average age of patients starting
Eupsychian Management: Organizational Change, Behavior, Motivation, And Trust

In Part 1 of this real-life incident, Professor Carson is teaching the customary material associated with the multiple theories of leadership, motivation, and organizational behavior. He deviates slightly from the way he normally presents these standard concepts and theories and divulges the concept of Eupsychian Management — a culture in which self-actualizing people behave in ways where trust begets trust and work is viewed as natural as play or rest. The class is given the following website www.interpolis.nl which demonstrates how the built environment of Interpolis relates to its organizational culture and behavior. In Part 2, the content of a personal interview that he conducted in Tilburg, The Netherlands — the home of Interpolis is elaborated. A new organizational culture based on “trust” — both of employees and customers is revealed. The end performance results and the productivity metrics are unbelievably high. The reader is challenged to address the content of seven penetrating questions and instructions which are part of the learning module; then, is asked to complete the case log and administrative journal entry.
Longitudinal beam response measurements at CESR

Measurements of the beam transfer function (BTF) for longitudinal dipole motion of multiple electron bunches are presented. Quantitative agreement is found for low current measurements at various bunch lengths. Qualitative comparisons are made between the behavior of different multibunch modes at low and high current. Low-current BTF measurements show good agreement with analytic calculation of the coherent response. High-current measurements on various multibunch modes indicate very little impedance interaction except through the RF cavity fundamental mode. >
Corporal punishment and physical abuse: population-based trends for three-to-11-year-old children in the United States

C orporal punishment is increasingly regarded as an act of violence against children. Corporal punishment includes any use of physical punishment against a child in response to misbehaviour. This most commonly includes spanking, smacking and slapping, but also includes the use of an object such as a rod or stick, hair pulling and ear twisting. A growing body of research has focused on discipline and the adverse effects of corporal punishment (Berlin et al., 2009; Lansford et al., 2009). The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child asserts that States take ‘all appropriate legislative, administrative, social, and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence . . .’ (UNICEF, 1989; Article 19, Center for Effective Discipline, 2009). The Committee on the Rights of the Child (2006), in General Comment Number 8, has further clarifi ed that:
Cheesiness as Neocolonial Aesthetic

Offering careful analyses of Psy's "Gangnam Style" YouTube video and Jessica Hagedorn's Dogeaters, this essay elaborates on "cheesiness" as an aesthetic tied to the post-imperial cultural history of the Pacific Rim. The author argues that cheesiness represents a "soft" colonialism that complements economic, political, and legal structures.
Dark matter dispersion tensor in perturbation theory

We compute the dark matter velocity dispersion tensor up to third order in perturbation theory using the Lagrangian formalism, revealing growing solutions at the third and higher orders. Our results are general and can be used for any other perturbative formalism. As an application, corrections to the matter power spectrum are calculated, and we find that some of them have the same structure as those in the effective field theory of large-scale structure, with ``EFT-like'' coefficients that grow quadratically with the linear growth function and are further suppressed by powers of the logarithmic linear growth factor $f$; other corrections present additional $k$ dependence. Due to the velocity dispersions, there exists a free-streaming scale that suppresses the whole 1-loop power spectrum. Furthermore, we find that as a consequence of the nonlinear evolution, the free-streaming length is shifted towards larger scales, wiping out more structure than that expected in linear theory. Therefore, we argue that the formalism developed here is better suited for a perturbation treatment of warm dark matter or neutrino clustering, where the velocity dispersion effects are well known to be important. We discuss implications related to the nature of dark matter.
Exposure to activity-based anorexia impairs contextual learning in weight-restored rats without affecting spatial learning, taste, anxiety, or dietary-fat preference.

Relapse rates are high amongst cases of anorexia nervosa (AN) suggesting that some alterations induced by AN may remain after weight restoration. Objective To study the consequences of AN without confounds of environmental variability, a rodent model of activity-based anorexia (ABA) can be employed. We hypothesized that exposure to ABA during adolescence may have long-term consequences in taste function, cognition, and anxiety-like behavior after weight restoration. Methods To test this hypothesis, we exposed adolescent female rats to ABA (1.5 h food access, combined with voluntary running wheel access) and compared their behavior to that of control rats after weight restoration was achieved. The rats were tested for learning/memory, anxiety, food preference, and taste in a set of behavioral tests performed during the light period. Results Our data show that ABA exposure leads to reduced performance during the novel object recognition task, a test for contextual learning, without altering performance in the novel place recognition task or the Barnes maze, both tasks that test spatial learning. Furthermore, we do not observe alterations in unconditioned lick responses to sucrose nor quinine (described by humans as “sweet” and “bitter,” respectively). Nor Do we find alterations in anxiety-like behavior during an elevated plus maze or an open field test. Finally, preference for a diet high in fat is not altered. Discussion Overall, our data suggest that ABA exposure during adolescence impairs contextual learning in adulthood without altering spatial leaning, taste, anxiety, or fat preference. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:167–179).
The Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area: Problems and Prospects

The article provides an overview of the Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area (ACCOBAMS), a regional whale conservation agreement established under the Convention on Migratory Species. The article includes an analysis of the history of development of ACCOBAMS and the prospects for the treaty to protect imperiled cetacean species in the region.
A Constitutional Right to Self Defense

This very short comment examines the relationship between the Constitution and the presuppositions of the Constitution with respect to the right of self defense. As central as this right appears to be in the liberal tradition, its treatment in Hobbes' "Leviathan" shows why it is more problematic than we generally assume. Moreover, as well-established as it seems to be in our legal tradition, it seems not be included as such in the Constitution, and only partially or erratically protected by constitutional law.
ASSESSING LEFT VENTRICULAR FILLING PRESSURE USING FINGER PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAPHY DURING THE VALSALVA MANEUVER PREDICTS 30-DAY HEART FAILURE OUTCOMES

One reason for the high re-hospitalization rate for heart failure (HF) is the difficulty detecting elevated cardiac filling pressure after symptoms have improved. We showed that the amplitude of a finger photoplethysmography waveform during a Valsalva maneuver relative to baseline (Pulse Amplitude
Exploring the Relationship between Employee Turnover Rate and Customer Satisfaction Levels

This study examined 76 banking centers to identify and analyze the relationship between employee turnover rate and customer satisfaction levels. In this correlational study, the researcher found that a moderate, significant, negative relationship existed between the variables of employee turnover and customer satisfaction score in all three years included in the study. This relationship can be interpreted to mean that as employee turnover levels increase, customer satisfaction decreases. The finding may also be interpreted to mean that as customer satisfaction decreases, employee turnover increases. Analysts continue to develop methods to measure the expense of employee turnover, and these results support the theory that employee turnover is directly correlated with customer dissatisfaction. This dissatisfaction frequently leads to a loss in customers, and therefore increases the overall cost of employee turnover. Replacing an employee costs the company a quantifiable sum of money to search for, interview, and train a new candidate. It is more difficult to measure the cost of the lost loyalty of customers who become dissatisfied after certain employees leave the company.
Digital Tomosynthesis: A Viable Alternative to Noncontrast Computed Tomography for the Follow-Up of Nephrolithiasis?

Abstract Objective: Digital tomosynthesis (DT) is a new X-ray-based imaging technique that allows image enhancement with minimal increase in radiation exposure. The purpose of this study was to compare DT with noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) and to evaluate its potential role for the follow-up of patients with nephrolithiasis in a nonemergent setting. Methods: A retrospective review of patients with nephrolithiasis at our institution that underwent NCCT and DT from July 2012 to September 2013 was performed. Renal units (RUs) that did not undergo treatment or stone passage were randomly assigned to two blinded readers, who recorded stone count, size area (mm2), maximum stone length (mm), and location, for both DT and NCCT. Mean differences per RU were compared. Potential variables affecting stone detection rate, including stone size and body mass index (BMI), were evaluated. Interobserver agreement was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient to measure the consistency of measurements...
System Performance of an Integrated Airborne Spacing Algorithm with Ground Automation

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) first Air Traffic Management (ATM) Technology Demonstration (ATD-1) was created to facilitate the transition of mature ATM technologies from the laboratory to operational use. The technologies selected for demonstration are the Traffic Management Advisor with Terminal Metering (TMA-TM), which provides precise time-based scheduling in the Terminal airspace; Controller Managed Spacing (CMS), which provides controllers with decision support tools to enable precise schedule conformance; and Interval Management (IM), which consists of flight deck automation that enables aircraft to achieve or maintain precise spacing behind another aircraft. Recent simulations and IM algorithm development at NASA have focused on trajectory-based IM operations where aircraft equipped with IM avionics are expected to achieve a spacing goal, assigned by air traffic controllers, at the final approach fix. The recently published IM Minimum Operational Performance Standards describe five types of IM operations. This paper discusses the results and conclusions of a human-in-the-loop simulation that investigated three of those IM operations. The results presented in this paper focus on system performance and integration metrics. Overall, the IM operations conducted in this simulation integrated well with ground-based decisions support tools and certain types of IM operational were able to provide improved spacing precision at the final approach fix; however, some issues were identified that should be addressed prior to implementing IM procedures into real-world operations.
SIRT1 and LSD1 competitively regulate KU70 functions in DNA repair and mutation acquisition in cancer cells

// Mendel Roth 1, * , Zhiqiang Wang 1, * , Wen Yong Chen 1 1 Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Wen Yong Chen, email: wechen@coh.org Keywords: chronic myeloid leukemia, BCR-ABL, NHEJ, lysine deacetylase, lysine demethylase Received: July 17, 2015 Accepted: June 13, 2016 Published: June 30, 2016 ABSTRACT Acquisition of BCR-ABL mutations underlies drug resistance of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but the molecular mechanisms of mutation acquisition are poorly understood. We previously showed that lysine deacetylase sirtuin 1, SIRT1, promotes acquisition of BCR-ABL mutations in association with enhancing KU70 mediated non-homologous end joining DNA repair. In this study, we demonstrate that lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) plays an opposite role to SIRT1 in regulating DNA repair and mutation acquisition. In response to therapeutic stress and DNA damage, LSD1 and SIRT1 compete for binding to KU70 on DNA damage foci globally and on the ABL locus. The recruitment of SIRT1 or LSD1 to KU70 impacts chromatin structure but does not correlate well with their direct histone modification functions, and SIRT1 helps maintain histone H4K16 acetylation and open chromatin for repair. The competitive KU70 binding by these proteins affects cancer cells’ ability to repair broken DNA and acquire resistant genetic mutations in CML and prostate cancer cells. We identify that the core domain of KU70 binds both LSD1 and SIRT1, forming a molecular basis for the competition. The C-terminal SAP motif of KU70 mediates LSD1/SIRT1 competitive interaction by suppressing LSD1 binding to KU70 and ectopic expression of SAP-deleted KU70 to CML cells compromises their ability to acquire BCR-ABL mutations. Our study reveals a novel cellular stress response mechanism in cancer cells and a key role of LSD1/SIRT1/KU70 dynamic interaction in regulating DNA repair and mutation acquisition.
Human Ecology and Child Advocacy

As discussed briefly in Chapter 1, helping services for children have tended to fluctuate between individual, exceptionalistic approaches and community approaches to intervention (Levine & Levine, 1970). Intrapsychic factors in behavior tend to be emphasized during periods in which the political climate swings to the right. Thus, during conservative periods, individuals tend to be perceived as responsible for their plight, and interventions are aimed at changing the individual’s psyche. Even during “liberal” periods, assumptions about behavior and interventions may have overtones of victim-blaming (Ryan, 1971), although they are more likely to have at least a superficial objective of social reform. The approaches to be discussed in this chapter are “ecological” in the sense that they preclude just looking at psychodynamics or just looking at the social system while ignoring the individuals within it. Rather, they involve a focus on the fit between a child and his environment. Child advocates (at least those whose views tend at least in part toward “nurturance”) are interested in creating a system in which, given the child’s current state of development, his psychological functioning is likely to be enhanced (see Hobbs, 1975). This approach obviously requires sensitivity to both the needs of a particular child or a particular class of children and to the response of the environment to these needs. Where the fit is less optimal or perhaps even less than adequate, attempts may be made to bring the system into equilibrium by interventions directed at both the child and the social institutions with which he or she has direct or indirect contact.
Designing the Intel-Powered Classmate PC

This chapter discusses some key components of technology that is helping to effect social and economic change, with focus on the Intel-powered Classmate PC initiative. It discusses how Classmate PC was developed and how this innovative and revolutionary low-cost e-learning platform specially designed for young students has been showing relevant and positive results in different implementations around the world. Intel provides key components for successful teaching and learning in the 21st century—including technology, connectivity, teacher professional development, improved learning methods, and locally relevant digital curricula—through technology access, education transformation programs, and philanthropic efforts worldwide. Intel works with education, industry, and government leaders worldwide to develop, document, and deploy advanced learning solutions based on Intel technology. Based on results derived from studies at its Platform Definition Centers around the emerging markets world on educational needs and feasible education technology, Intel initiated to design the concept of an innovative educational mobile platform for children. The first proof of concept was launched in Abuja, Nigeria in 2006. The Intel-powered Classmate PC represents not only a “netbook” for education, but also a complete platform solution that includes specific educational software and content, contributing to the goal of providing compatible, efficient, and complete solutions for schools. The three major players that lead the Intel-powered Classmate PC ecosystem in each country: Local original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and educational service providers; Educational content providers and independent software vendors (ISVs); and Universities and other educational entities.
Exhaust All Measures: Ethical Issues in Pediatric End-of-Life Care.

ABSTRACTThe death of a child may have a profound impact on parents, family members, and health care providers who provided care for the child. Unique challenges are faced by parents of seriously ill children as they must serve as the legal authority for health care decisions of children under age 18, although the child’s wishes must also be considered. Social workers must balance core social work values, bioethical values, and psychosocial issues presented by such situations. While studies have been conducted with physicians and nurses regarding ethical issues in pediatric end-of-life care settings, little is known about how social workers experience these conflicts. This article utilizes two vignettes to illustrate potential ethical issues in this setting and applies the National Association of Social Workers Standards for Palliative and End of Life Care (NASW, 2004) to explore options for their resolution. These vignettes provide descriptions of possible reactions in this setting and can be used as a ba...
Die Lehre von der Elektrizität. (Elektrik.)

Aus dem entsprechenden Grund wie ein Magnet zufolge seines magnetischen Zustands, besitzt ein elektrischer Korper zufolge seines elektrischen Zustands Energie. Name derselben: Elektrische Energie. Bei der Elektrisierung eines Korpers durch Reibung und der Ladung eines isolierten Leiters der Elektrizitat durch Influenz wird ihm elektrische Energie durch Aufwendung von Arbeit erteilt. (Uberwindung der Anziehungskraft zwischen ungleichnamigen Elektrizitaten!)
Natural Language Use and Couples' Adjustment to Head and Neck Cancer.

OBJECTIVE This multimethod prospective study examined whether emotional disclosure and coping focus as conveyed through natural language use are associated with the psychological and marital adjustment of head and neck cancer patients and their spouses. METHOD One-hundred twenty-three patients (85% men; age X¯ = 56.8 years, SD = 10.4) and their spouses completed surveys prior to, following, and 4 months after engaging in a videotaped discussion about cancer in the laboratory. Linguistic inquiry and word count (LIWC) software assessed counts of positive/negative emotion words and first-person singular (I-talk), second person (you-talk), and first-person plural (we-talk) pronouns. Using a grounded theory approach, discussions were also analyzed to describe how emotion words and pronouns were used and what was being discussed. RESULTS Emotion words were most often used to disclose thoughts/feelings or uncertainty about the future, and to express gratitude or acknowledgment to one's partner. Although patients who disclosed more negative emotion during the discussion reported more positive mood following the discussion (p < .05), no significant associations between emotion word use and patient or spouse psychological and marital adjustment were found. Patients used significantly more I-talk than spouses and spouses used significantly more you-talk than patients (ps < .01). Patients and spouses reported more positive mood following the discussion when they used more we-talk. They also reported less distress at the 4-month follow-up when their partners used more we-talk during the discussion (p < .01). CONCLUSION Findings suggest that emotional disclosure may be less important to one's cancer adjustment than having a partner who one sees as instrumental to the coping process. (PsycINFO Database Record
Imaging of Infection in the Diabetic Foot

Information derived from imaging studies can play an important role in the management of complicated foot problems in the diabetic patient. This chapter reviews the various modalities available for imaging of the diabetic foot—radiography, nuclear medicine studies such as bone scans, labeled leukocyte scans, bone marrow scans, and FDG PET scans, cross-sectional studies such as MRI, CT, and ultrasound, and various forms of catheter and noninvasive angiography—and highlights their relative strengths and weaknesses for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis, soft tissue infection, and neuroarthropathy. A suggested imaging algorithm for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot is presented.
COMPARATIVE CRIMINALIZATION: CULTURAL MEANINGS OF ADULTERY AND GENDER VIOLENCE IN HAWAI'I IN 1850 AND 1990

This essay analyzes the impact of court cases concerning sexuality and adultery on customary understandings of kinship and gender in Hilo, Hawai'i. During the periods covered the nature of the cases, the content of the law, and the implementation of punishment changed radically. Nevertheless, there are similarities in modes of criminalization during the 1840s and 1850s, on the one hand, and during the 1990s, on the other. Both used the authority and sanctioning power of the law to redefine marriage and gender relations. Both were implemented through local practices of police, courts, and corrections/treatment officials, which provided incentives for compliance as well as opportunities for resistance, evasion, and noncompliance from the general population. The periods are also substantially different. The first sought to place women under the control of husbands in a private sphere beyond the law, while the second invited the law into the family to protect the woman. A comparison provides insight into changes in the elements that focus the moral values of a community.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)‐Capped Pt Nanocubes with Superior Peroxidase‐Like Activity

Peroxidase mimics composed of inorganic nanoparticles are expected to circumvent the inherent difficulties of natural peroxidases, and to provide enhanced performance in important applications such as diagnosis and imaging. Despite the reports of a variety of peroxidase mimics in the past decade, very limited progress has been made on improving their catalytic efficiency. The catalytic efficiencies of most previously reported mimics are only up to one order of magnitude higher than those of natural peroxidases. In this work, we demonstrate a highly efficient peroxidase—polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-capped Pt nanocubes of sub-10 nm in size. These PVP-capped Pt cubes are ≈200-fold more active than the natural counterparts and exhibit a record-high specific catalytic efficiency. In addition to the superior efficiency, the new mimic shows several other promising features, including excellent stabilities, well-controlled uniformity in both size and shape, controllable sizes, and facile and scalable production.
Co-occurrence matrix texture features of multi-spectral images on poultry carcasses

The variance, sum average, sum variance and sum entropy of co-occurrence matrix were the most significant texture features (probability, P<0·0005) to identify unwholesome poultry carcasses at visible and near-infrared wavelengths. When a direction of co-occurrence matrix equals to 0 °, the contrast value was lower and the inverse difference moment and difference variance were higher (probability, P<0·01) than any other direction in the visible spectral images. The characteristics of variance and sum variance of spectral images varied with the wavelength of spectral images and unwholesomeness of poultry carcasses as well. The sum variance of wholesome was higher (probability,P <0·005) than unwholesome carcasses at the wavelength of both 542 and 570 nm. For the near-infrared spectral images at 847 nm, the sum average, entropy and sum entropy values of unwholesome carcasses were higher (probability,P <0·005) than wholesome ones. The linear discriminant model was able to identify unwholesome carcasses with classification accuracy of 95·6%, while the quadratic model (97·0% accuracy) was better to identify wholesome carcasses.
Specialty Distilled Chemicals Corporation

Producer of high-value, small quantity chemicals is troubled by inaccurate weighing and filling which result in customer complaints of shortages. Considering that competition is based on customer service, the president is anxious to pinpoint the extent and case of the problem. Machinery and labor problems might be responsible, assuming that there are shortages in completed inventory. A sample has been taken of five items, and the question is whether to sample further, to refill and reprocess, or to ship somewhat more than the customer wants. Excerpt UVA-QA-0051 Specialty Distilled Chemicals Corporation Wiping his hand across his forehead, Mr. Robert Bannerman put down the telephone. He had just received the third call in a week complaining about a shipment that had averaged on the short side. To compound his irri­tation, he had learned the week before that consumption of material in the previous month was substantially in excess of the amounts needed given the output of finished goods. Since he knew that there had not been a change in work-in-process, Mr. Bannerman presumed that either there had been considerable waste or that some orders had been overfilled. Specialty Distilled Chemicals Corporation, of which Mr. Bannerman was president, was a small, regional processor and compounder of specialty chemical products. The company's line was a broad one, with its products typically being packaged in small units of high value. Individual containers ranged from one quart to 10 gallons and seldom were larger than 50 gallons. Although the composition of Specialty's products required great care, packaging them was less difficult. Weight sensitive machinery was used, but frequent changes in product, slight variations in density between batches, and the impact of certain compounds on the machinery itself adversely affected accuracy. Specialty Distilled Chemicals was one of 15 odd companies competing in a large metropolitan area. Competition was generally on the basis of customer service rather than on price because all firms could purchase raw materials at about the same cost. Margins were satisfactory but not generous, a situation Mr. Bannerman found tolerable given the relatively low fixed costs and high variable labor and material requirements. . . .
NLDFT Pore Size Distribution in Amorphous Microporous Materials.

The pore size distribution (PSD) is one of the most important properties when characterizing and designing materials for gas storage and separation applications. Experimentally, one of the current standards for determining microscopic PSD is using indirect molecular adsorption methods such as nonlocal density functional theory (NLDFT) and N2 isotherms at 77 K. Because determining the PSD from NLDFT is an indirect method, the validation can be a nontrivial task for amorphous microporous materials. This is especially crucial since this method is known to produce artifacts. In this work, the accuracy of NLDFT PSD was compared against the exact geometric PSD for 11 different simulated amorphous microporous materials. The geometric surface area and micropore volumes of these materials were between 5 and 1698 m2/g and 0.039 and 0.55 cm3/g, respectively. N2 isotherms at 77 K were constructed using Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo (GEMC) simulations. Our results show that the discrepancies between NLDFT and geometric P...
How humans cooperate and punish.

Many studies have shown that human cooperation is fostered by altruistic cooperation and the altruistic punishment of freeriders. A study now shows significant asymmetries between cooperation in the initial provision of a social good and cooperation in the maintenance of an established social good.
The Collapse of Planning and the Troubled Transition

The fall of the Berlin Wall and the subsequent break-up of the Soviet Union resulted in a transition of the fifteen new states and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe from central planning to market. The transition led to massive disruptions of the economies of these countries and huge short term declines in output and incomes. The economic dislocation resulting from the transition led these countries to seek the assistance of bilateral donors as well as the IMF and the World Bank of which most were not members. This chapter discusses the problems of transition from plan to market and the response of the international community in assisting these countries during the 1990s. It focuses on two issues: privatization and the integration of Russia and the new independent states as well as the coutnries of Central and Eastern Europe into the world trading system.
Leveraging a geographic information system in co-optimized expansion planning for Iowa

There is significant need to plan for the growing demand for clean energy in the future. This research project anticipates a very high wind penetration future for the state of Iowa, and with it the necessity to upgrade or build transmission to transfer the energy to load centers in the east and south. Unlike the traditional planning approach which identifies generation and transmission system investment sequentially, a co-optimization approach identifies them simultaneously, yielding significant economic benefit. Interpreting the results of the planning process is crucial, and the ability to visualize them facilitates understanding of the plan. Thus, to support this approach, a Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to select feasible sites for wind farms and to efficiently communicate co-optimized generation and transmission expansion planning investment results.
Cross-Modal Retrieval Using Deep De-correlated Subspace Ranking Hashing

Cross-modal hashing has become a popular research topic in recent years due to the efficiency of storing and retrieving high-dimensional multimodal data represented by compact binary codes. While most cross-modal hash functions use binary space partitioning functions (e.g. the sign function), our method uses ranking-based hashing, which is based on numerically stable and scale-invariant rank correlation measures. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning architecture called Deep De-correlated Subspace Ranking Hashing (DDSRH) that uses feature-ranking methods to determine the hash codes for the image and text modalities in a common hamming space. Specifically, DDSRH learns a set of de-correlated nonlinear subspaces on which to project the original features, so that the hash code can be determined by the relative ordering of projected feature values in a given optimized subspace. The network relies upon a pre-trained deep feature learning network for each modality, and a hashing network responsible for optimizing the hash codes based on the known similarity of the training image-text pairs. Our proposed method includes both architectural and mathematical techniques designed specifically for ranking-based hashing in order to achieve de-correlation between the bits, bit balancing, and quantization. Finally, through extensive experimental studies on two widely-used multimodal datasets, we show that the combination of these techniques can achieve state-of the-art performance on several benchmarks.
STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND METABOLISM OF GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the chemical structure, physical functions, and metabolism of glycosphingolipids. Neutral glycosphingolipids based on glucocerebrosides are in higher concentrations in non-neuronal tissue than in the neuronal tissue. Galactocerebroside and sulfatides constitute a significant portion of brain glycosphingolipid, especially in myelin sheath and white matter. Cerebrosides, sphingomyelin, and sulfatide form a significant portion of the lipids of myelin sheath for which several structural models have been proposed, showing the arrangement hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups of constituent lipids and proteins. The chapter further discusses the role of gangliosides in the transmission of nerve impulses. Both gangliosides and neutral glycosphingolipids have antigenic properties; however, the latter are known to be more effective in raising antibodies. Metabolism of sphingolipids was primarily generated by attempts to understand the biochemistry and genetics of inborn errors of metabolism in which one or more glycosphingolipids are stored. Both neutral and sialic acid-containing oligoglycosyl ceramides are degraded by a stepwise removal of terminal sugar residues leading finally to the ceramide. The last sialic acid residue of gangliosides is not cleaved by neuraminidase until it becomes the terminal moiety as a result of the cleavage of other monosaccharides.
Chapter 13 Opal-A to Opal-Ct Transformation: A Kinetic Study

Abstract Kinetic experiments on the opal-A to opal-CT transformation were conducted at 50°, 75°, 100°, 125°, and 150°C, in 0.03 M MgCl2 and 0.03 M NaHCO3 solutions, with radiolarians (specific surface area, SSA, 5.3 m2/g) and Ludox silica (SSA 61.5 m2/g). For both starting materials, the changes in dissolved magnesium and in alkalinity are equivalent at all temperatures studied. This confirms that the previously postulated magnesium hydroxide compound (MHC) (Kastner et al., 1977) serves as a nucleus for opal-CT crystallization at all temperatures. the changes in dissolved magnesium and in alkalinity decrease as the MHC continues to precipitate. in the experiments with radiolarians, dissolved silica values at 50°, 75°, and 100°C reach values approaching the solubility value of 8-cristo-balite (a “disordered” opal-CT); the dissolution rate of opal-A is the rate-controlling step. at 125° and 150°C, after the alkalinity has been consumed, this value is exceeded, and at 150°C, it reaches the solubility value of opal-A. Thus, under these conditions, the crystallization of opal-CT is the rate-controlling step. in the experiments with Ludox silica, dissolved silica values at all temperatures reached concentrations in excess of g-cristobalite solubility. An apparent steady-state between rates of MHC nuclei formation, opal-CT crystallization, and opal-A dissolution has been achieved. The rate of opal-A to opal-CT transformation decreases considerably with decreasing temperatures. Extrapolation to 0°C of the kinetic experimental results with radiolarians indicates that under early diagenetic conditions, the rate of MHC nuclei formation is very slow but still significant, in particular in diagenetic environments with adequate supplies of dissolved Mg+2 and (OH)−, for example, from sea water and carbonate dissolution.
Artifacts in Functional MRI and How to Mitigate Them

This article discusses some of the more common artifacts that investigators encounter in functional MRI. In this article, artifacts are violations of the assumptions made by the analysis algorithms. These range from subject movement, slice timing differences, to echo-planar imaging image deformation and different noise sources. Each type of artifact is described in terms of its appearance and effect on the analysis and traced back to its root cause. The article also describes a few of the more popular solutions to each of these artifacts. In the process of doing so, the article reviews a few fundamental concepts in imaging and signal processing, such as interpolation, rigid body transformations, and the MRI signal equation.
Expanded Applications of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy

Originally developed as a feeding gastrostomy, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) has been utilized in various non- nutritional applications. These applications include PEG for decompression, percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy, true endoscopic duodenostomies and jejunostomies, medication and bile administration, placement of esophageal stents, definitive management of gastric volvulus, access for gastroscopy, control of bleeding from operative gastrostomies, and, finally, assisting in pseudocyst drainage.
Definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA-SCCHN) using systemic dose carboplatin: A retrospective analysis.

e17538Background: Definitive concurrent CRT is considered the standard of care for organ preservation and is the only potentially curative therapy in surgically unresectable patients (pts) with sta...
New Sensorless Control for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors of Electric Vehicle

This paper addresses sensorless control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSM). Aiming at the sensor fault of electric vehicle, the sensorless fault-tolerant control technology was supplemented to improve the functional safety. Improved sliding mode observer (SMO) was constructed based on current state equation with the extended back electromotive force (EMF). Through bench calibration, motor parameters in the whole working area were identified and used by the observer adaptively, position estimation offset and system instability caused by the change of parameters were eliminated. The output of switching function was transformed from $\pmb{\alpha\beta}$ frame to dq frame before low pass filter to avoid fundamental phase delay. In order to improve the dynamic performance of variables estimation, the execution frequency of sliding mode observer and switching function was higher than sampling frequency in DSP. The control method is validated with experimental results that show the effectiveness of the real-time implementation.
Informational Interview: Broadening Helping Field Professional Students’ Perception of Employment Opportunities in the Real World

This study examines the impact of an informational interview assignment on students’ understanding of the human services field and their educational and career plans. Twenty-three students complete...
Educational expansion and trends in intergenerational social mobility among Korean men

Abstract Scholars have explored three channels through which educational expansion contributes to increased intergenerational social mobility: the compositional effect, educational equalization, and class returns to education. Existing literature on impacts of educational expansion on intergenerational social mobility is primarily based on experiences of European societies and the United States. We expand the existing literature by investigating the relationship between educational expansion and intergenerational mobility in Korea showing an exceptional degree of educational expansion over the last few decades. Log-linear models show that social fluidity has increased across birth cohorts of Korean men born between 1950 and 1984, with the recent cohorts experiencing it considerably. Utilizing a counterfactual decomposition method, our study shows that educational expansion has played a crucial role in promoting social fluidity mainly through educational equalization for earlier cohorts and through the compositional effect for more recent cohorts. The role played by the class returns to education was minor.
Genes and gene transfer in cyanobacteria: Rview of workshop

The analysis of cyanobacteriaI genes and gene transfer mechanisms was the subject of a workshop attended by 70 persons September 12-14, 1984 on the campus of the University of Chicago. The workshop was supported by the Agency for International Development in connection with the Indo-U.S. Science Cooperation Initiative in the area of biological nitrogen fixation. Two of the participants, J. Thomas and S. K. Apte, from the Bhabha Atomic Research Center in Bombay, were working in Chicago under the auspices of the S.C.I. at the time of the workshop. The number of cyanobacterial species in which proper genetic analysis is possible has increased dramatically in the past year, thanks to the development in Peter Wolk's laboratory (Michigan State) of a system for introducing shuttle plasmids into cyanobacteria by conjugation from E. coll. This system was developed for the study of strains that differentiate heterocysts, cells specialized for nitrogen fixation. However, it was shown to work also in several unicellular strains and will be a powerful adjunct to transformation in their analysis as well. Three unicellular strains can be transformed readily with either linear or circular DNA: Anacystis nidulans R2, the strain originally discovered to be transformable by S. Shestakov in Moscow; Agmenellum quadruplicatum, studied by the groups of S. E. Stevens, Jr. and R. Porter (Penn State); and Synechocystis 6803, studied initially by Shestakov and by F. Joset (Orsay), and now reported on by J. Williams (DuPont). The latter strain has the great advan-