cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Connections Between Thin, Thick and Projection Vortices in SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theory

We elucidate the connection between SO (3) x Z(2) and the usual SU (2) configuration variables. By exploiting the freedom of choosing a particular SO (3) representative we find a direct connection between the two configuration spaces. We are then able to compare the Kovacs-Tomboulis formulation of center vortices with the projection vortex formulation on the same configuration. Choosing a different representative, and going to the maximal center gauge, we show that projection vortices occur without approximation. The projection vortex dominance approximation results from dropping a factor in an exact expression for the Wilson loop.
Should extensive myocardial ischaemia prompt revascularization to improve outcomes in chronic coronary artery disease

A 44-year-old man presents with a 1-month history of substernal chest pressure. His only risk factor is hypercholesterolaemia. His physical exam, electrocardiogram (ECG) and chest X-ray are normal. The patient undergoes an exercise treadmill test. He exercises for 6.5 min on a Bruce protocol to a peak heart rate of 150 beats/min and a blood pressure of 212/112 mmHg. He stops due to angina. His exercise ECG shows 1 mm of ST segment elevation in lead V1. The patient is offered either exercise single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or coronary angiography. He chooses exercise SPECT. This demonstrates a large area of apical, anterior, and septal ischaemia. Subsequent coronary angiography demonstrates a 95% stenosis in the middle of the left anterior descending coronary artery and insignificant disease elsewhere. Does the patient merit early revascularization to improve his prognosis? The existing clinical dogma is that stress-induced myocardial ischaemia is important in the management of chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) because it can identify patients with a worse prognosis who are more likely to benefit from revascularization. R.J.G. has presented this case vignette to multiple audiences of cardiologists and cardiovascular surgeons in Europe and the USA over the last 5 years. The audiences have overwhelmingly favoured treatment with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). A previous review suggested that revascularization ‘should be considered for persons with… a large ischemic burden on… stress testing’.1 This review summarizes the older evidence that led to the development of the existing dogma, and the more contemporary evidence that has raised questions about it, leading to confusion in clinical practice and internal and external inconsistencies in clinical …
Detection and discrimination of amplitude‐modulated signals by macaque monkeys

Behavioral thresholds were determined from macaque monkeys for detection of amplitude modulation (AM) and for discrimination of increases in AM frequency. A positive‐reinforcement, go/no‐go behavioral paradigm was used with a two‐down/one‐up psychophysical procedure for all determinations. In the first set of experiments, temporal modulation transfer functions (TMTFs) were determined at two different stimulus levels, for both gated and continuous noise carriers. In the second set of experiments, difference limens for AM frequency were determined using modulated noise and pure‐tone carrier signals. TMTFs for gated carriers exhibited a bandpasslike characteristic as has been previously shown. The high‐frequency cutoff determined from the average of the gated‐carrier TMTFs obtained at 58 dB SPL was 198 Hz, higher than that shown with wideband carriers for other species. With a continuous carrier, there was less of a low‐frequency cutoff in the TMTF, again corresponding to previous results. Unlike previous results, however, the present TMTFs showed an effect of stimulus level. Difference limens for AM frequency increased as a function of standard modulation frequency and then leveled off or decreased slightly with further increases in AM frequency. Taken together, the AM discrimination data, coupled with the high cutoff frequency of the TMTF, suggest that detection and discrimination of rapid temporal events may play an important role in the acoustic world of primates.
Mechanics of Interaction of Blast Waves on Surrogate Head: Effect of Head Orientation

Blast induced Traumatic Brain Injury (bTBI) has emerged as the most significant injury to warfighters in recent conflicts. How blast waves interact with the head and head protection device (helmet), and induce biomechanical loading on the head are not fully understood. This work focuses on the mechanics of blast wave head interactions on a surrogate head for various orientations (front, back, side and 45°) using experiments and numerical models. The role of the orientation of the head on the mechanical load experienced by the head is studied by monitoring pressures on the surface of a surrogate head subjected to planar blast waves. Validated numerical models are further employed to understand the experimental results and to interpret various aspects of flow mechanics (e.g. flow separation, flow reunion) around the head. Our results indicate that geometry of the head and its orientation with respect to the direction of the blast, govern the flow dynamics around the head and this alters the surface pressures experienced by the head. Orientation dependent responses predicted by the experiments and numerical models suggest that direction-specific tolerances are needed in the helmet design, in order to offer multi-directional protection under blast loading conditions.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Cell-free Synthesis and in vitro Processing of Sorghum Prolamines

Summary Polyadenylated RNA was isolated from developing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.)] Moench seeds and translated in vitro with a cell-free protein synthesizing system from rabbit reticulocytes. Two major translational products of 29 and 19 kD were identified by one dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These polypeptides, which had isoelectric points too basic to be resolved on standard O'Farrell two-dimensional gels, were resolved into two groups of polypeptides by nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis. Antibodies raised against the alcohol-soluble proteins of sorghum seeds (prolamines) specifically immunoprecipitated these translation products. Addition of canine pancreatic microsomal membranes to the in vitro protein synthesizing system resulted in the processing of the 29 and 19 kD prolamine polypeptides to 27 and 17 kD mature polypeptides. Prolamine antibodies also immunoprecipitated the processed polypeptides, indicating that sorghum prolamines are synthesized as precursors and then processed.
Design and implementation of a study evaluating extinction processes to food cues in obese children: the Intervention for Regulations of Cues Trial (iROC).

Obesity and its health sequelae affect a significant portion of children in the United States. Yet, the current gold-standard family-based behavioral weight-loss treatments are only effective for one-third of children long-term. Therefore, we developed iROC (Intervention for Regulation of Cues) to specifically target a method to decrease overeating in overweight children, based on learning theory, to inform and enhance interventions targeting diet and obesity in youth. This study will rigorously test extinction processes as a method of decreasing physiological and psychological responses to food cues in overweight and obese children. Through exposing children to their highly craved foods, and ‘training the brain and body’ to decrease overeating, we are hoping to produce longer-lasting weight loss or weight-gain prevention over time.
Relation of polymorphism within the C-reactive protein gene and plasma CRP levels

We sought to investigate whether genetic variability within the CRP gene affects CRP levels. C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute-phase reactant in inflammation, is an important predictor for cardiovascular disease. The genetic determinants of plasma CRP level remain unknown. We assessed the genotypes of two common polymorphisms within the CRP gene, an exonic 1059G > C and an intronic T > A base substitution, among 2397 participants of a community-based study; 1334 had no prior cardiovascular history, while 1063 had a prior cardiovascular history. Univariable and multivariable-adjusted analyses were performed to examine the association of CRP polymorphisms with CRP levels, modeling different modes of inheritance. The genetic polymorphisms were significantly associated with baseline CRP levels in univariable analysis (1059G > C: GG versus GC or CC genotypes, median CRP levels 0.22 versus 0.15 mg/L, P A: TT versus AT versus AA genotypes, median CRP levels 0.19 versus 0.23 versus 0.24 mg/L, P = 0.003). This relationship persisted after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, ethnicity, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and aspirin use. Furthermore, these effects were present in subgroup analyses limited to those with and without prevalent coronary disease, and when assessed within Caucasians only. The present data provide evidence of a genetic component of CRP levels, independently of traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Whether genetic markers can add to information yielded by high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) in assessing cardiovascular risk needs further evaluation.
Psychology Training Directors' Views of Number of Practicum Hours Necessary Prior to Internship Application.

A national survey of training directors of academic programs, predoctoral internships, and postdoctoral fellowships was conducted to explore what constitutes an adequate number of practicum hours necessary to apply for internship. Training directors agreed that minimum standard hours should be set but differed on what those hours should be, with academic training directors endorsing fewer hours than directors of predoctoral internships and postdoctoral fellowships. The results raise questions about what is a practicum hour and suggest a need to obtain consensus about minimum standards and the possibility of a competency-based approach rather than emphasizing hours of practicum experience.
Thermal contraction and alteration of the oceanic crust

The thermal stresses generated by the cooling of the lithosphere fracture the upper part of the lithosphere, and the depth of fracturing increases with the age of the lithosphere. Penetration of sea water into this fracture system alters the ocean crust; the amount of alteration increases with age and decreases with depth.
Alfred Wegener: The Father of Continental Drift

This is the biography of a renaissance scientist. Now, when the disciplines of science are becoming narrower and we are beginning to understand the neccessity of broadening our scientific scope, we are presented in this book with the life of a scientist who had the imagination to bridge the confines of one discipline to make a major contribution to another. Alfred Wegener spent most of his scientific life as an observational meteorologist who performed most of his work during expeditions in Greenland and Iceland. The first few chapters of the book clearly identify this as the major emphasis of his scientific work by briefly outlining his life and presenting a detailed description of his Arctic explorations, which ended with his death in Greenland in 1930. His last expedition is described in great detail in an attempt to characterize this man, who as leader of the expedition did everything in his power to safeguard those under him and to maintain continuous scientific investigations.
Morphology, sedimentation processes, and growth pattern of the Amazon Deep-Sea Fan

The Amazon Deep-Sea Fan began to form in the Early Miocene and is characterized by a highly meandering distributary channel system. On the middle fan, these leveed channels coalesce to form two broad levee complexes. Older, now buried levee complexes are also observed within the fan. These levee complexes grow through channel migration, branching, and avulsion. Probably only one or two channels are active at any given time. Sediments reach the fan only during glacio-eustatic low stands of sea level. Coarse sediments largely by-pass the upper and middle fan via the channels and are deposited on the lower fan.
A partial updating algorithm for linear programs with many more variables than constraints

We present a modified version of Ye's potential reduction algorithm for linear programming. By using partial updating and incorporating scaling factors based on subsets of variables, we are able to solve linear programs having many more variables than constraints faster than comparable full updating algorithms. Our scheme for choosing scaling factors is motivated by certain asymptotic properties of interior point methods.
POLLINATION BIOLOGY OF NEMOPHILA MENZIESII (HYDROPHYLLACEAE) WITH COMMENTS ON THE EVOLUTION OF OLIGOLECTIC BEES.

The interaction between plants and extremely diverse habitats and environmental conditions of California has resulted in rapid evolution in many plant groups. A small number of studies suggest that evolution in many of these groups has been accompanied and perhaps paralleled by evolution in particular groups of bees (Linsley and MacSwain, 1957, 1959; Linsley et al., 1963a, 1963b; 1964; Thorp, 1969). The interaction between these bees and their pollen plants is oligolectic. An oligolectic relationship is defined by Linsley and MacSwain (1957, 1958) as one ". . . in which the individual members of the population, throughout its range and in the presence of other pollen sources, consistently and regularly collect pollen from but a single plant species or from a group of similar or related plant species, turning to other sources, if at all, only when there is a local shortage or absence of that pollen." Oligolectic relationships may be nonselective or co-evolved. Included in the first class are Andrena linsleyi Timberlake, which collects pollen of Oenothera deltoides Torr. and Frem. in the morning after sphinx-moths have pollinated the flowers (Linsley et al., 1963; Gregory, 1964), and Andrena nemophilae Ribble which is discussed below. Such a bee must adapt to the evolutionary vicissitudes of the flower and its pollinator(s). The second class includes those bees which are pollinators of the host plant. Thus they may influence the evolution of the plant as well as being influenced by the plant. This group of bees and their pollen plants are of particular interest to the student of pollination biology and evolution. Although a number of studies have dealt with oligolectic bees, the basis of the relationship remains an enigma. The flight period of most oligolectic bees is short and the adult bee's only previous contact with a particular pollen source is the pollen and nectar it consumed as a larva. Three explanations have been suggested to explain oligolecty. First, it is genetically controlled (Thorp, 1969). Second, a preimaginal conditioning from the pollen and nectar that the larva consumes (Linsley, 1958). Third, some combination of the above, i.e., genetical control modified by conditioning (Thorp, 1969). In this paper my objectives are (1) to present a broad picture of the plant Nemophila menziesii H. and A. s.l. and its pollinators and (2) to re-examine particular questions concerning evolution within oligolectic bees. Specifically, I discuss the distribution, floral behavior and breeding system of the plant, Nemophila as a bee plant, the oligolectic Nemophila bees, the role of polylectic bees in pollination, and fly pollination. In the final section I discuss host plant recognition and evolution in oligolectic bees
The Development of Object Permanence in Children with Intellectual Disability, Physical Disability, Autism, and Blindness

This article presents a review of the literature on object permanence with an emphasis on research on children with severe disabilities. Object permanence is the realisation that objects continue to exist in time and place even when they are no longer visible. This understanding is achieved across Stages IV(VI of Piaget’s Sensorimotor Period. Children with intellectual disability, physical disabilities, blindness, and autism develop object permanence in a similar sequence although at a slower rate than children without disabilities. Challenges with regulation make it difficult for children with autism to demonstrate object permanence knowledge in Stage VI tasks. There is ample evidence that children with severe disabilities benefit from direct and systematic instruction of object permanence. Assessment‐based instruction, establishment of visual attention, consideration of the characteristics of the object to be hidden (including the impact on differential attention), repeated naming of the object, individ...
Renal dialysis: Problems and advantages of on-site psychiatric intervention

Abstract Patients receiving renal hemodialysis often require psychiatric consultation. Since these patients frequently resist outpatient contact with mental health practitioners, however, it becomes essential to visit them while they are undergoing dialysis–a setting that presents problems of distraction, interruption, and lack of privacy. The author presents case reports to illustrate how these problems can be turned to advantage. On-site observation and discussion during dialysis sessions can help the consultant to grasp the situation better and to make practical therapeutic and management interventions.
The School and the Emotional Development of the Deaf Adolescent

Our presentation discusses the emotional problems of the deaf adolescent as he leaves school and emphasizes particularly the role of the school in anticipating and helping to prevent the more serious of them. It is our thesis that like so many of the emotional problems of the deaf child, adolescent, and adult, these are caused as much by the isolation and interpersonal barriers set up by deafness from the cradle onward, as they are by the particular problems of language and thought process.The problems of young deaf people settling into life situations may be considered in the frameworks of family adjustment, vocational adjustment, group adjustment, and adjustment to the larger society. These adjustments cannot suddenly take place on the day the deaf student leaves the school. In a retrospective study of deaf adults that we did some years ago, less than 20 percent during their school years had had the experience of dating other than in group situations. Their vocational preparation was marked by the fact ...
Food Coercion in Revolution and Civil War: Who Wins and How They Do It

Revolutions have provoked not only important social changes and bloody civil wars, but a huge literature. There is controversy and confusion on how to integrate seemingly disparate modes of explanation into a coherent analysis: social structure, the decisions and policies of key actors (be they leaders or organized entities like parties and assemblies), and the choices made by ordinary people. Structural theories have proven useful for describing revolutionary situations; choice theories are useful in clarifying the revolutionary process; how to integrate the two to explain revolutionary outcomes remains contentious.
Repeated Tobacco-Use Screening and Intervention in Clinical Practice: Health Impact and Cost Effectiveness

Background This report updates 2001 estimates of disease burden prevented and cost effectiveness of tobacco-use screening and brief intervention relative to that of other clinical preventive services. It also addresses repeated counseling because the literature has focused on single episodes of treatment, while in reality that is neither desirable nor likely. Methods Literature searches led to four models for calculating the clinically preventable burden of deaths and morbidity from smoking as well as the cost effectiveness of providing the service annually over time. The same methods were used in similar calculations for other preventive services to facilitate comparison. Results Using methods consistent with existing literature for this service, an estimated 190,000 undiscounted quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) are saved at a cost of $1100 per QALY saved (discounted). These estimates exclude financial savings from smoking-attributable disease prevented and use the average 12-month quit rate in clinical practice for tobacco screening and brief cessation counseling with cessation medications (5.0%) and without (2.4%). Including the savings of prevented smoking-attributable disease and using the effectiveness of repeated interventions over the lifetime of smokers (23.1%), 2.47 million QALYs are saved at a cost savings of $500 per smoker who receives the service. Conclusions This analysis makes repeated clinical tobacco-cessation counseling one of the three most important and cost-effective preventive services that can be provided in medical practice. Greater efforts are needed to achieve more of this potential value by increasing current low levels of performance.
Greening of Agriculture for Long-Term Sustainability

Consolidation and growth of large corporations in U.S. agriculture are facing increasing scrutiny from a consumer public with growing awareness of environment issues. More people in society now question not only where food is grown and what types of practices impact the environment, but how the benefits are distributed. Although driven by short-term economics in many purchasing decisions, consumers are asking whether we could continue our standard of living while maintaining the natural resource base and not polluting the environment. Agricultural corporations are responding to this consumer concern by greening some of their operations and especially greening their images. Is this a real conversion in methods and products or merely a “greenwashing” of the corporate image? Large corporations face economic, environmental, and social challenges in their quest for an improved image. Examples in five major areas illustrate the impacts of corporate agriculture: industrial organic food production, consolidation of farms, genetically modified organisms, global food systems, and unregulated capitalism and limited-liability corporations. Each is related to structural conditions in agriculture, and each must be addressed by corporations that are serious about improving their images with consumers. To deal with these issues that impact both farmers and consumers, positive alternatives to conventional mainstream business approaches are discussed.
Linear dynamic analysis of multi-mesh transmissions containing external, rigid gears

This paper extends the multi-body dynamics modeling strategy for a gear pair [6] to multi-mesh transmissions with external, fixed center, helical or spur gears. Each gear is modeled as a rigid body with six degrees of freedom. A multi-dimensional, position-dependent formulation is used to describe the gear mesh stiffness which is assumed to be distributed along the line of action. A simplified model of the shaft-bearing subsystems is included since the focus of this study is on the gear dynamics. Excitation to the system is considered in the form of either external torque pulsation or internal static transmission error. The governing equations are linearized to yield a formulation with position or time-varying coefficients (LTV). Subsequently, three examples of linearized time-invariant (LTI) transmission systems are solved, and eigensolution predictions of the multi-body dynamics model compare very well with finite element calculations. Then the periodic response of a non-unity gear pair system is studied in depth. New results including a comparison between LTI and LTV models are presented. It has been demonstrated that both time and frequency domain solutions can be efficiently and accurately constructed by using the multi-term harmonic balance method, provided that several shaft and gear mesh harmonics are included.
Spacecraft mission and shielding thermal study for a space-storable fluorine-hydrazine propulsion system

The thermal management and shielding problems related to a space-storable fluorine-hydrazine propulsion system are investigated. The general configuration of a space storable propulsion spacecraft and three types of shield configurations are described in detail. An advanced MLI shielding design is proposed showing good agreement with test data. All examined shield configurations were found to be acceptable for inner as well as outer planetary missions. However, for the latter small local heaters may be required to maintain the fluorine above a minimum required temperature of approximately -350 F. The fluorine/hydrazine system with a 25 percent higher specific impulse than the conventionally used propulsion systems, was suggested for interplanetary missions that require substantial velocity changes.
The advanced light source at the Lawrence Berkeley laboratory

Abstract The Advanced Light Source (ALS), a national facility currently under construction at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL), is a third-generation synchrotron light source designed to produce extremely bright beams of synchrotron radiation, in the energy range from a few eV to 10 keV. The design is based on a 1–1.9 GeV electron storage ring (optimized at 1.5 GeV), and utilizes special magnets, known as undulators and wigglers (collectively referred to as insertion devices), to generate the radiation. In this paper we describe the main accelerator components of the ALS, the variety of insertion devices, the radiation spectra expected from these devices, and the complement of experiments that have been approved for initial operation, starting in April 1993.
EFFECT OF A WEIGHT-TRAINING PROGRAM ON THE SELF-CONCEPTS OF COLLEGE MALES

This study was conducted to determine the effect of a weight-training program on the self-concepts of 105 college males and whether or not success in the lifting program affected self-concepts. Sub...
Genetic characterization of the poly(hydroxyalkanoate) synthases of various Pseudomonas oleovorans strains.

We identified the poly(hydroxyalkanoate) synthase (PHAS) genes of three strains of Pseudomonas oleovorans by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection methods. P. oleovorans NRRL B-14682 contains Class I PHA synthase gene (phaC), NRRL B-14683 harbors Class II phaC1 and phaC2 genes, and NRRL B-778 contain both the Class I and II PHA synthase genes. Inverse-PCR and chromosomal walking techniques were employed to obtain the complete sequences of the Class I phaCs of NRRL B-778 (phbC778; 1698 bps) and B-14682 (phbC14682; 1899 bps). BLAST search indicated that these genes are new and had not been previously cloned. The gene product of phbC778 (i.e., PhbC778; 566 amino acid residues) is homologous to the Class I PHA synthases of Pseudomonas sp. HJ-2 and Pseudomonas sp. strain 61-3, and that of phbC14682 (PhbC14682; 632 amino acids) is homologous to PHAS of Delftia acidovorans. The PhbC14682 contains an extra sequence of 33 amino acids in its conserved α/β-hydrolase domain, making it only the second Class I PHA synthase found to contain this cellular proteolytic sequence. Consistent with their Pseudomonas origin, the codon-usage profiles of PhbC778 and PhbC14682 are similar to those of Pseudomonas Class II PHASs. These new Pseudomonas Class I phbC genes provide valuable addition to the gene pool for the construction of novel PHASs through gene shuffling.
Theophylline concentrations in the emergency treatment of acute bronchial asthma

Abstract Ninety-three patients presenting with acute asthma to the emergency department were studied to determine theophylline levels and their relationship to airway obstruction, history of prior medication use, and side effects of treatment. The mean pretreatment theophylline level was 6.4 μg/ml. Patients on long-acting preparations had significantly higher levels than those on short-acting medications (p
Application of Gegenbauer polynomial expansions to mitigate Gibbs phenomenon in Fourier-Bessel series solutions of a dynamic sphere problem

We utilize the inverse polynomial reconstruction (IPR) method to mitigate the Gibbs phenomenon observed in Fourier–Bessel (FB) series. Gibbs phenomenon is the oscillatory behavior that occurs near discontinuities when evaluating series solutions for Sturm–Liouville eigenvalue problems. We employ an approach that uses expansions of the solution in terms of Gegenbauer polynomials on each side of solution discontinuities, the location of which must be known in advance. The IPR solutions provide pointwise values that are more accurate than the truncated series solution, which are polluted by Gibbs phenomenon. We apply this method to discontinuous solutions of a time dependent, linear elastic spherical shell problem, for which a series solution is derived in terms of a FB expansion. For the loading conditions and material properties, we consider the Gibbs phenomenon in the FB solution for a perfectly elastic shell renders the numerically evaluated results unusable as an ‘exact’ solution for code verification analysis. We quantify the degree to which the IPR method eliminates the Gibbs phenomenon in the computed solution. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How much information is associated with a particular stimulus

Although the Shannon mutual information can be used to reveal general features of the neural code, it cannot directly address which symbols of the code are significant. Further insight can be gained by using information measures that are specific to particular stimuli or responses. The specific information is a previously proposed measure of the amount of information associated with a particular response; however, as I show, it does not properly characterize the amount of information associated with particular stimuli. Instead, I propose a new measure: the stimulus-specific information (SSI), defined to be the average specific information of responses given the presence of a particular stimulus. Like other information theoretic measures, the SSI does not rely on assumptions about the neural code, and is robust to non-linearities of the system. To demonstrate its applicability, the SSI is applied to data from simulated visual neurons, and identifies stimuli consistent with the neuron's linear kernel. While the SSI reveals the essential linearity of the visual neurons, it also successfully identifies the well-encoded stimuli in a modified example where linear analysis techniques fail. Thus, I demonstrate that the SSI is an appropriate measure of the information associated with particular stimuli, and provides a new unbiased method of analysing the significant stimuli of a neural code.
Inhibition of Attraction and Cross-attraction by Interspecific Sex Pheromone Communication in Lepidoptera

MOST studies with lepidopteran sex pheromones have involved the stimulation or attraction of males by known chemicals or extracts of females, but chemicals which are responsible for inhibition of stimulation1–4 or attraction5–9 by an active pheromone may be equally useful. These inhibitory chemicals, which are often similar in structure to active pheromones, are effective either simultaneously or before the exposure of the insect to an active pheromone. We now describe a case in which male attraction to females of the same species is inhibited by a pheromone emitted from females of a closely related species.
The Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM): Early Observations

This paper presents and interprets observations obtained by the Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM) on the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) over a time period of several solar rotations during the declining phase of solar cycle 23. The time series of visible and infrared (IR) bands clearly show significant wavelength dependence of these variations. At some wavelengths the SIM measurements are qualitatively similar to the Mg II core-to-wing ratio, but in the visible and IR they show character similar to the Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) variations. Despite this overall similarity, different amplitudes, phases, and temporal features are observed at various wavelengths. The TSI can be explained as a complex sum of the various wavelength components. The SIM observations are interpreted with the aid of solar images that exhibit a mixture of solar activity features. Qualitative analysis shows how the sunspots, faculae, plage, and active network provide distinct contributions to the spectral irradiance at different wavelengths, and ultimately, how these features combine to produce the observed TSI variations. Most of the observed variability appears to be qualitatively explained by solar surface features related directly to the magnetic activity.
Axisymmetric Bending of Generally Laminated Cylindrical Shells

Non linear bending deformations of generally laminated thine and shear deformable cylindrical shells subjected to an axisymmetric radial pressure, axial loading, and torsion are considered
Pharmacological approaches to the management of pain in the neonatal intensive care unit

Effective and consistent management of neonatal pain remains a controversial issue. Premature infants are repeatedly subjected to painful tests and procedures or suffer painful conditions when they are most vulnerable. With different mechanisms transducing various types of pain the practice of 'one-drug fits all' becomes questionable. Clinicians must use the latest non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies for effective management of neonatal pain, distress, or agitation. Pharmacologic strategies for dealing with neonatal pain in the neonatal intensive care unit are described. Opioid therapy, once considered the mainstay for neonatal analgesia, may not be as effective as previously thought. Morphine infusions do not alter the neurological outcomes of preterm neonates and may not be effective against acute pain. Alternative approaches with methadone, ketamine, or local anesthetics should be considered. Clinicians must understand the contextual circumstances underlying pain in individual neonates and tailor therapy accordingly, using the most current evidence related to neonatal pain assessment and management.
Splanchnic Arteriosclerotic Disease and Intestinal Angina

• Twenty-three patients (13 women and ten men, 33 to 73 years old) underwent reconstruction of 33 major splanchnic arteries for relief of symptomatic intestinal ischemia. All patients experienced postprandial abdominal pain and lost weight (average, 12.8 kg). Arterial reconstructions (32 bypass procedures and one endarterectomy with patch-graft arterioplasty) were undertaken with both autogenous saphenous vein (24) and prosthetic conduits (nine). Revascularizations involved the superior mesenteric (21), celiac (five), hepatic (four), splenic (two), and inferior mesenteric (one) arteries. There were four postoperative deaths; three occurred after emergent secondary attempts at intestinal revascularization. All of the 19 patients who survived benefited from operative intervention. ( Arch Surg 115:497-501, 1980)
The Maximum Age of Trapezium Systems

Allen et al. (1977) compiled a catalog of 968 possible Trapezium systems by scanning the IDS for systems of three or more stars whose relative separations within the system did not exceed a factor of 3. We explored whether a sample of 265 of those systems were actually physical systems. We used CCD pictures in U, B, and V magnitudes to obtain evidence for common proper motions and consistent color-magnitude and color-color diagrams. We also obtained a spectral classification for at least one star in each system to get the space reddening and distance.
Thinking inside the neoliberal box: The micro-politics of agro-food philanthropy

Abstract This paper examines a philanthropy-led initiative which has as its objective to jump start the transition to a more sustainable and just food system in California. The first major project funded was a “vivid picture” of California’s food system twenty-five years in the future. The outcome of the project is a report that is glossed with the tropes of neoliberalism in all of its key organizing frameworks, analytics, cognitive maps, and idioms and argues for “opportunities-based approaches” as the engine of change. Yet, as described in the paper, this outcome was initially under-determined, and, in fact, the funders had originally intended to leverage their resources for large scale transformation. By examining four moments in the development of the Vivid Picture project, the grantee selection, the modeling exercise, the stakeholder meetings, and the qualitative interviews, this paper will show how existing techniques of neoliberal governance such as modeling, audit, best-practices, and stakeholder participation, as well as current norms of philanthropy, shaped what is thinkable and hence actable. It will also show how “stakeholders” played a constitutive role in producing the outcomes of the project, in part because their input reflected already-developed notions of the possible within the current climate of neoliberalism. In the end it will argue that the failure of the Vivid Picture to look beyond the neoliberal present is itself evidence of the proliferation of neoliberal governmentalities. Still, the entire process galvanized many of the movement actors who were left out of the funding process and, in that way, produced political openings.
An APL/370 compiler and some performance comparisons with APL interpreter and FORTRAN

The experimental APL/370 E-compiler compiles a subset of APL which is large enough for most scientific and engineering uses, directly into 370 assembly code. The compiler does not require variable declarations. The front-end employs extensive type-shape analysis based on global dataflow analysis. The back-end takes the parse trees, graphs and tables produced by the front-end and generates 370-code which runs independently of the interpreter. The compiled-code executes at 2-10 times the speed of the interpreter on several one-line functions, and this ratio increases significantly with iterative programs. The code quality is comparable to that produced by an optimizing FORTRAN compiler on FORTRAN programs corresponding to our test cases. This removes the performance penalty of APL in computation intensive applications.
Activation of prothrombin with oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus (taipan snake) venom

Abstract Complete activation of prothrombin with taipan snake ( Oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus ) venom yields thrombin and two fragments, fragment-1 and fragment-2, which by the criteria of ion-exchange chromatography and SDS gel electrophoresis are indistinguishable from the products of Xa-catalyzed prothrombin activation. Activation in the presence of diisopropylfluorophosphate with either taipan venom or Xa results in the formation of thrombin-sensitive fragment 1·2, a single polypeptide composed of fragments-1 and 2. Whereas the rate of venom-catalyzed activation is enhanced 20–30 times by phospholipid vesicles, Factor V is without effect in either the presence or absence of phospholipid. The venom activity is not inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, soybean trypsin inhibitor, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate or iodoacetate. The venom does not hydrolyze N2-toluene-p-sulfonyl-L-arginine methyl ester, N2-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester or N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester. The rate of venom-catalyzed prothrombin activation is not affected by plasma factor Xa inhibitor plus heparin.
Phenobarbital-enhanced biliary excretion of administered unconjugated and conjugated sulfobromophthalein (BSP) in the rat.

Abstract Phenobarbital pretreatment resulted in increases in the maximal rates of biliary excretion of intravenously administered sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and BSP-glutathione. In rats given unconjugated BSP, the rise in excretion was due to an increase in the amount of conjugated dye delivered into bile. These results provide evidence for at least two sites of action of phenobarbital in enhancing maximal rates of BSP excretion into bile: (1) increased transport of conjugated dye from liver cells into bile, and (2) increased intrahepatic metabolism of dye.
Design review of flexure focus stage for the Gemini telescope near-infrared imager

Reviewed is a focus stage designed to accommodate the positioning and stability requirements of the detector arrays in the Gemini North Telescope's Near IR imager (NIRI). Focus axis translation of the two detector arrays is required, while sub-micron deflection stiffness about all other axes is of paramount importance to the successful operation of NIRI. The stiffness requirement coupled with a cryogenic vacuum environment led to a flexure design. Testing of the prototype stage mechanism to date has shown transverse deflections of < 1 micrometers , positioning repeatability of 1 micrometers , and satisfactory cryogenic performance.
Copolymer Adsorption on Planar Chemically Heterogeneous Substrates: The Interplay between the Monomer Sequence Distribution and Interaction Energies

We use three-dimensional self-consistent field model to study the adsorption of A-B copolymers from A-B copolymer/A homopolymer blends on planar substrates comprising two chemically distinct regions C and D. The interplay between the spatial distribution of the surface chemical heterogeneities and the monomer sequence distribution in the copolymer is examined for diblock (A-B), triblock (A-B-A), inverted triblock (B-A-B), and altermating (A-a/t-B) copolymer. Our results demonstrate that when the chemically heterogeneous motifs on the substrate are detected by the copolymer adsorbing segments, the copolymers can transcribe them with high fidelity into three dimensions. The way the surface pattern gets transferred is dictated by the monomer sequence distribution. We show that relative to alternating copolymers, block copolymers are generally better at capturing the chemical pattern shape and transcribing it into the polymer mixture. Moreover, block copolymers with shorter adsorbing blocks are capable of better recognizing the substrate motifs. In order to address the interplay between the monomer sequence distribution in the copolymer and the interaction energies, we systematically vary the repulsion between A and B, and the attraction between B and D. Our calculations reveal that reveal that increasing i) the interaction between the copolymer I adsorbing segments. (B) and the sticky points at the substrate (D), and/or ii) the repuilsion between the copolymer segments (A and B) increases the total amount of the copolymer adsorbed at the mixture/substrate interface, and decreases (increases) the fidelity of the substrate chemical pattern recognition by compositionally symmetric (asymmetric) copolymers.
Perception of Intonational Contrasts in Alaryngeal Speech

The achievement of intonational contrasts by 4 normal and 16 laryngectomized speakers was assessed in this project. The laryngectomized subjects represented four clinical subgroups of alaryngeal sp...
School Violence: The Case of Jack the Knife

(2000). School Violence: The Case of Jack the Knife. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 71, No. 7, pp. 31-33.
The LNR laboratory

A description of the LNR laboratory computing system is given, and issues related to building a laboratory around a central computing facility are discussed. The system provides a most hospitable and productive environment for the members of the laboratory. Fundamental to the creation of this environment are excellent communication facilities, numerous programming and word-processing tools, and an elegant and powerful operating system.
Partial characterization of lethal and neuroactive components of the brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) venom.

Abstract L. D. Foil , J. L. Frazier and B. R. Norment . Partial characterization of lethal and neuroactive components of the brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) venom. Toxicon17, 347–354, 1979.—Loxosceles reclusa venom was separated by Sephadex G-50 gel filtration into three 280 nm absorbing peaks, two of which contained components lethal to insects. The heavy molecular weight (mol. wt) protein found in peak 1 caused knockdown and mortality in Musca domestica 20–24 hr after injection. The low mol. wt (less than 10,000) polypeptide in peak 2 was heat stable at 90°C and caused knockdown within 30 min and mortality within four hr after injection. Both whole venom and peak 2 contained components which caused a dramatic increase in the amplitude and frequency of the endogenous activity of the ventral nerve cord of Periplaneta americana. The neuroactive factor stimulated this activity to 680-fold and with 5 min produced a block which was reversible by saline irrigation. Gel filtration elutions of the low mol. wt lethal factor and the neuroactive factor overlapped but did not coincide.
Performance of Special Education Students on a Minimal Competency Test.

During the 1986-87 school year 4,299 handicapped students were given New Jersey's competency test. The test measures academic achievement in reading, mathematics, and writing. Twelve percent of these students passed the test. There was a variance across the student classifications; the math subtest was particularly difficult for the students. Educational implications are discussed.
An additional serine residue at the C terminus of rhodanese destabilizes the enzyme.

Abstract The rhodanese coding sequence was extended at its 3′ end by three base pairs to generate mutants coding for a serine or arginine residue at the carboxyl terminus of the protein. Wild-type and mutant coding sequences were expressed in a cell-free Escherichia coli system by coupled transcription/translation. Predominantly full-length protein was formed in all cases. The amount of protein synthesized was quantified by incorporation of radioactive leucine into polypeptides. Enzymatic activity of in vitro synthesized rhodanese was determined at different temperatures. Specific enzymatic activity was calculated and is assumed to reflect the portion of the protein that is in its native three-dimensional conformation. It was observed that rhodanese extended by one serine at the C terminus lost enzymatic activity when incubated above 30°C, in contrast to wild-type protein or variant rhodanese extended by an arginine residue. Similarly, variant rhodanese with an additional serine residue was more susceptible to urea denaturation than the other two rhodanese species. These results are surprising in light of the crystal structure of the protein.
Grounding the Luck Objection

Many object to libertarianism by arguing that it manages to solve one problem of luck (the threat of determinism) only by falling prey to another (the threat from indeterminism). According to this objection, there is something freedom-undermining about the very circumstances that the libertarian thinks are required for freedom. However, it has proved difficult to articulate precisely what it is about these circumstances that is supposed to undermine freedom—the absence of certain sorts of explanations has perhaps been the most common complaint. In this paper, however, I argue that recent work on the metaphysics of ontological dependence provides the resources for formulating the luck objection in its strongest form.