cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
1477 PNEUMOCARDIOGRAMS OF PREMATURE INFANTS AT DISCHARGE

Pneumocardiograms (PCG) are utilized in many hospitals to decide which premature infants are to be discharged on monitors. This is done despite the fact that PCGs have not been shown to be predictive, and no normal PCG values have been established in this population. With these problems in mind, a population of premature infants was studied over a 365-day period just prior to their discharge from a Level III Perinatal Center. The only premature infants excluded were those who did not tolerate weaning from theophylline. None of the 140 subjects were on theophylline at the time of their recordings. Analysis was performed by a computer system (Pediatric Diagnostic Service). The mean gestational age for the patients was 32.8 wks (range:26-36) as determined by modified Dubowitz examination. The mean birth weight was 1740 Gm (range:580-2940). The mean postconceptual age (PCA) at the time of recording was 37.1 wks. Preliminary data analysis has revealed a mean total periodic breathing (PB) of 18.3 min, representing a mean 3.04% of sleep time (ST) for the entire population. The mean apnea density (AD6) was 1.29%. No significant differences were noted in the mean heart rate, respiratory rate, AD6, total PB, and ST in infants >36 wks PCA vs infants ≤36 wks PCA. At all PCAs, no significant differences were found in those same parameters between males and females. Bradycardias ( 15 seconds; none had apnea ≥20 seconds.
Optimizing a flow-through X-ray transmission cell for studies of temporal and spatial variations of ion distributions at mineral–water interfaces

The optimization of an X-ray transmission-cell design for high-resolution X-ray reflectivity measurements of the kinetics and thermodynamics of reactions at mineral–solution interfaces is presented. The transmission cell is equipped with a liquid flow system consisting of a pair of automated syringe pumps whose relative flow rates control the composition of a solution injected into the cell with ∼1% precision. The reflectivity measurements from the muscovite-(001)–solution interface at photon energies of 15–16.5 keV show that the cell is useful for probing interfacial ion adsorption–desorption experiments at a time scale of several seconds or slower. The time resolution is achieved with a small-volume (∼0.22 ml) reaction chamber to facilitate fast solution exchange. Additional reductions in reaction chamber volume will improve both the data quality by reducing X-ray absorption through the solution and the time resolution by increasing the solution exchange rate in the cell.
Sex Differences in Completed Suicide by Schizophrenic Patients: A Meta‐Analysis

A meta-analysis was conducted on all studies of suicide mortality in follow-up studies of schizophrenic patients that presented data for male and female patients separately. The percentage of deaths from suicide was significantly greater for the male schizophrenic patients than for the female schizophrenic patients in studies where both sexes were included. Regression equations devised to predict the percentage of deaths from suicide after all of the sample had died estimated that 0.50% of male schizophrenic patients would die from suicide as compared to 0.20% of female schizophrenic patients. Suggestions are made for future research.
Characteristic community structure of Florida’s subtropical wetlands: the Florida wetland condition index for depressional marshes, depressional forested, and flowing water forested wetlands

Land use and land cover change has a marked affect on wetland condition, and different wetland types are affected differentially depending on many abiotic and biotic variables. To assess wetland condition, we have developed a Florida wetland condition index (FWCI) composed of indicators of community structure in the diatom, macrophyte, and macroinvertebrate assemblages for 216 wetlands (n = 74 depressional marsh, n = 118 depressional forested, n = 24 flowing water forested wetlands). Depressional wetlands located along a human disturbance gradient throughout Florida were sampled for each assemblage. Forested flowing water wetlands were sampled for macrophytes only. The landscape development intensity index (LDI) was used to quantify the human disturbance gradient. In general, human disturbance in adjacent areas had the greatest impact on depressional herbaceous wetlands, followed by depressional forested wetlands. Forested flowing water wetlands (i.e., forested strands and floodplain wetlands) were less affected by local conditions, with most of their changes in wetland condition correlated with alterations at the larger watershed scale. Strong correlations between the FWCIs and LDI index scores suggest that changes in community structure can be detected along a gradient of human land use activities adjacent to wetland ecosystems.
Reframing women's health in nursing education: A feminist approach

How do feminist ideals and pedagogy influence the teaching of women's health in nursing education?
Testing of a higher-order closure model for modeling airflow within and above plant canopies

A higher-order closure model was developed to simulate airflow within and above vegetative environments. The model consists of equations for the mean wind, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) components, tangential stress and simplified equations for the third-order transport terms that appear in the second-order equations. The model in general successfully simulated wind speed profiles within and above maize, been, soybeen, wheat, orange and spruce canopies. Profiles of % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaa0aaaeaace% WG1bGbauaadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaaaaaaa!37EC!\[\overline {u'^2 } \] and % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaa0aaaeaace% WG3bGbauaadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaaaaaaa!37EE!\[\overline {w'^2 } \] for the maize canopy were overestimated near the top of the canopy where both shear and wake production of TKE are high. These errors are believed to be caused by incorrect parameterizations for either the dissipation rate of TKE and/or the pressure-velocity correlations in the budget equations for the second moments.
Isotope signatures associated with early meteoric diagenesis

The environments in which carbonate diagenesis proceeds have been documented in previous studies of Holocene and late Pleistocene sediments and limestones on Barbados, West Indies. Variations in the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of limestones, produced during early freshwater diagenesis, have been observed in this study to occur in specific patterns. Six potentially useful patterns emerge when one views stable isotope data within a stratigraphic framework: (1) the subaerial exposure surface is characterized by strongly 12C-enriched limestones. δ13C compositions of underlying limestones grow progressively heavier with increasing depth; (2) the subaerial exposure surface may also be marked by slight 18O-enrichment; (3) an abrupt shift in δ18O values may differentiate sediments above the exposure surface from those below; (4) sediments altered in the marine-meteoric mixing zone may be characterized by positive covariance between their δ18O and δ13C compositions; (5) the vadose-phreatic boundary may be marked by a sharp increase in δ13C values in the seaward portions of a fresh groundwater system; and (6) samples contemporaneously altered in a single fresh groundwater system within an areally restricted region should display a narrow range of δ18O and a wide range of δ13C compositions. Analysis of samples from five Palaeozoic and Mesozoic formations, which contained petrographic evidence of early freshwater diagenesis, showed that isotope patterns similar to those observed in Barbados limestones have been preserved in rocks as old as Mississippian. These isotope patterns could prove to be useful for identifying diagenetically induced porosity trends in carbonate rocks. They might be used to identify limestones diagenetically altered in meteoric environments, to identify mixing zone cements and dolomites, and to trace the regional and vertical distributions of early meteoric groundwater systems in ancient carbonate formations.
iHOP web services

iHOP provides fast, accurate, comprehensive, and up-to-date summary information on more than 80,000 biological molecules by automatically extracting key sentences from millions of PubMed documents. Its intuitive user interface and navigation scheme have made iHOP extremely successful among biologists, counting more than 500,000 visits per month (iHOP access statistics: http://www.ihop-net.org/UniPub/iHOP/info/logs/). Here we describe a public programmatic API that enables the integration of main iHOP functionalities in bioinformatic programs and workflows.
Effect of Pore Confinement and Molecular Orientation on Hydrogen Transfer during a Free-Radical Reaction in Mesoporous Silica

Mesoporous silicas with controllable pore size are providing important platforms finding a multitude of applications such as in catalysis, separations, and as nanoreactors for molecular transformations. In this study, we probe the influence of a coattached hydrogen donor molecule, fluorene, on the free-radical pyrolysis of 1,3-diphenylpropane (DPP) in MCM-41 silica as a function of pore size (1.6−2.8 nm). The influence of surface orientation of the fluorene molecule on the pyrolysis rate is examined through use of isomeric 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-FL) and 3-hydroxyfluorene (3-FL) precursors for surface attachment. The DPP pyrolysis rates are found to be sensitive to both the surface orientation of the fluorene molecule and the pore size. Furthermore, whereas the 2-FL led to faster DPP pyrolysis rates compared with 3-FL on the exterior surface of a nonporous silica nanoparticle (Cabosil), the opposite effect was observed in the mesoporous silica with the smallest pore size. The results are interpreted based on...
Phase II trial of hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy combined with temozolomide and bevacizumab for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma

Bevacizumab blocks the effects of VEGF and may allow for more aggressive radiotherapy schedules. We evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide and bevacizumab in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma were treated with hypofractionated intensity modulated radiation therapy to the surgical cavity and residual tumor with a 1 cm margin (PTV1) to 60 Gy and to the T2 abnormality with a 1 cm margin (PTV2) to 30 Gy in 10 daily fractions over 2 weeks. Concurrent temozolomide (75 mg/m(2) daily) and bevacizumab (10 mg/kg) was administered followed by adjuvant temozolomide (200 mg/m(2)) on a standard 5/28 day cycle and bevacizumab (10 mg/kg) every 2 weeks for 6 months. Thirty newly diagnosed patients were treated on study. Median PTV1 volume was 131.1 cm(3) and the median PTV2 volume was 342.6 cm(3). Six-month progression-free survival (PFS) was 90 %, with median follow-up of 15.9 months. The median PFS was 14.3 months, with a median overall survival (OS) of 16.3 months. Grade 4 hematologic toxicity included neutropenia (10 %) and thrombocytopenia (17 %). Grades 3/4 non-hematologic toxicity included fatigue (13 %), wound dehiscence (7 %) and stroke, pulmonary embolism and nausea each in 1 patient. Presumed radiation necrosis with clinical decline was seen in 50 % of patients, two with autopsy documentation. The study was closed early to accrual due to this finding. This study demonstrated 90 % 6-month PFS and OS comparable to historic data in patients receiving standard treatment. Bevacizumab did not prevent radiation necrosis associated with this hypofractionated radiation regimen and large PTV volumes may have contributed to high rates of presumed radiation necrosis.
Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and shaking behaviour in rat

THYROTROPHIN-RELEASING hormone (TRH) produces behavioural effects in experimental animals1 and may have psychoactive properties in man2–5. Winokur and Utiger6 and Brownstein et al.7 have described the distribution of TRH in rat brain, suggesting that TRH has a modifying role in synaptic functions in addition to its effect on the pituitary. The behavioural effects of endogenous TRH release in the brain are not known; however, Prange et al.8 noted that the systemic administration of TRH to pentobarbital-anaesthetised rats resulted in lacrimation, paw tremor and a peculiar shaking movement of the head and trunk. These behavioural effects were also obtained in partially anaesthetised rats following intracisternal injection of 10 µg TRH per animal. The TRH-induced shaking was particularly interesting because we have observed this behaviour as a characteristic sign of morphine abstinence in the anaesthetised rat9. Here, we have studied the central sites of TRH-induced shaking to determine if these sites parallel the endogenous distribution of TRH in the rat brain and also to determine if these sites correspond to brain areas where morphine withdrawal shakes are obtained.
Multi-University Design Projects

We describe a multi-university design project in which teams of students across different campuses collaborate on a design and manufacturing project. We show how such projects sensitize students to issues in concurrent engineering and train them in interpersonal skills, communications, and system integration. We believe that this approach allows us to simulate real-world conditions by imposing realistic boundary conditions on the student teams.
The role of pyridine derivatives in living carbocationic polymerization: Lewis base or nucleophile?

The living cationic polymerization of isobutylene induced by the 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane/TiCl 4 /hexane:methyl chloride (60:40, v:v)/-80°C system was studied in the presence of pyridine derivatives. Protic initiation, substantial in the absence of these additives, was virtually eliminated in their presence, and polyisobutylenes with controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution were obtained. With some additives, however, proton elimination occurs, resulting in the exclusive formation of the exo olefin. The rate of elimination is independent of monomer concentration, i.e., it occurs during and after the polymerization. Results suggest that the proton elimination is due to the presence of an uncomplexed base, especially when complex formation with TiCl 4 is hindered by steric compression, but its approach of the polymer cation is not fully blocked.
Spin label studies on phosphorylase B

Abstract Spin label studies upon phosphorylase B have revealed that the temperature-dependent equilibria between different conformational states are strongly influenced by the presence of substrate or allosteric modifier. In the absence of substrate or modifier, the equilibrium involves only two states, while at least three are involved in their presence. Removal of pyridoxal-5′-phosphate produces a conformational change reflected by increased mobility of the label. The apo-enzyme undergoes a structural change in the presence of the allosteric modifier AMP.
Properties of Soda Aluminosilicate Glasses IV, Relative Acidities and Some Thermodynamic Properties

Electrochemical cells using the oxygen electrode reactions of Forland and Tashiro were constructed from soda aluminosilicate glasses (containing up to 34.8 wt% alumina) and sodium silicate glasses. The emf developed by these cells was measured as a function of temperature. The relative acidities of the glasses, as indicated by the activities of the soda, increased with increasing alumina content, the rate of change increasing when the Al/Na ratio reached 1. The entropy change for the cell reaction went through a maximum. These properties are correlated with the measurements of, and the structural model used in, the previous three parts of this series. Measurements were made to show that the emf values obey an additive relation.
Adaptation of group A Streptococcus to human amniotic fluid.

Background For more than 100 years, group A Streptococcus has been identified as a cause of severe and, in many cases, fatal infections of the female urogenital tract. Due to advances in hospital hygiene and the advent of antibiotics, this type of infection has been virtually eradicated. However, within the last three decades there has been an increase in severe intra- and post-partum infections attributed to GAS. Methodology We hypothesized that GAS alters its transcriptome to survive in human amniotic fluid (AF) and cause disease. To identify genes that were up or down regulated in response to growth in AF, GAS was grown in human AF or standard laboratory media (THY) and samples for expression microarray analysis were collected during mid-logarithmic, late-logarithmic, and stationary growth phases. Microarray analysis was performed using a custom Affymetrix chip and normalized hybridization values derived from three biological replicates were collected at each growth point. Ratios of AF/THY above a 2-fold change and P-value <0.05 were considered significant. Principal Findings The majority of changes in the GAS transcriptome involved down regulation of multiple adhesins and virulence factors and activation of the stress response. We observed significant changes in genes involved in the arginine deiminase pathway and in the nucleotide de novo synthesis pathway. Conclusions/Significance Our work provides new insight into how pathogenic bacteria respond to their environment to establish infection and cause disease.
Backlog Analysis of Maximal Matching Switching with Speedup

In this paper we analyze the average backlog in a combined input-output queued switch using a maximal size matching scheduling algorithm. We compare this average backlog to the average backlog achieved by an optimal switch. We model the cell arrival process as independent and identically distributed between time slots and uniformly distributed among input and output ports. For switches with many input and output ports, the backlog associated with maximal size matching with speedup 3 is no more than 3 1/3 times the backlog associated with an optimal switch. Moreover, this performance ratio rapidly approaches 2 as speedup increases
Digital fault simulation and test development using JESIM

Too often the efforts of digital IC design verification and test are left until after the design has been completed. Sometimes these efforts are not dedicated until after the silicon has been fabricated. The cost, performance, functionality, speed and reliability of the chip are greatly impacted by the lack of proper requirement and preparation for test. This paper discusses the usefulness of the Digital Event and Test simulator "JESIM" for design verification, fault simulation, test vector generation and design for testability.
The Mechanical Design of a 10-Kw Feher Cycle Turbo-Alternator

The Feher cycle heat engine is a new approach to efficient and effective energy conversion. The mechanical design of the XFCTAP 01-01 10-kw Turbo-Alternator test unit is described with specific attention to the small turbomachinery component fabrication, the design of the hydrostatically stabilized self-acting fluid film radial bearings, overall rotor dynamics, thermal analysis of the turbine section, turbine tip clearance control, and the general construction of the machine. A preliminary layout of the unit is included.Copyright © 1969 by ASME
Neutrophils Emigrate from Venules by a Transendothelial Cell Pathway in Response to FMLP

Circulating leukocytes are thought to extravasate from venules through open interendothelial junctions. To test this paradigm, we injected N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) intradermally in guinea pigs, harvesting tissue at 5–60 min. At FMLP-injected sites, venular endothelium developed increased surface wrinkling and variation in thickness. Marginating neutrophils formed contacts with endothelial cells and with other neutrophils, sometimes forming chains of linked leukocytes. Adherent neutrophils projected cytoplasmic processes into the underlying endothelium, especially at points of endothelial thinning. To determine the pathway by which neutrophils transmigrated endothelium, we prepared 27 sets of serial electron microscopic sections. Eleven of these encompassed in their entirety openings through which individual neutrophils traversed venular endothelium; in 10 of the 11 sets, neutrophils followed an entirely transendothelial cell course unrelated to interendothelial junctions, findings that were confirmed by computer-assisted three-dimensional reconstructions. Having crossed endothelium, neutrophils often paused before crossing the basal lamina and underlying pericytes that they also commonly traversed by a transcellular pathway. Thus, in response to FMLP, neutrophils emigrated from cutaneous venules by a transcellular route through both endothelial cells and pericytes. It remains to be determined whether these results can be extended to other inflammatory cells or stimuli or to other vascular beds.
Voltage-Mode Driver Preemphasis Technique For On-Chip Global Buses

This paper demonstrates that driver preemphasis technique can be used for on-chip global buses to increase signal channel bandwidth. Compared to conventional repeater insertion techniques, driver preemphasis saves repeater layout complexity and reduces power consumption by 12%-39% for data activity factors above 0.1. A driver circuit architecture using voltage-mode preemphasis technique was tested in 0.18-mum CMOS technology for 10-mm long interconnects at 2 Gb/s
Applications integration: is it always desirable?

This paper describes a qualitative research study that surfaced practitioner interpretations (assumptions, knowledge, and expectations) of applications integration downsides. Although integration is the primary benefit of enterprise systems, like most things, integration also has a downside. However, most people agree that integration is still desirable. The challenge is to understand and manage the negative aspects of integration to minimize the adverse effects. Doing this requires an awareness of the potential problems. This paper augments past research on this subject with the results from a recent investigation of integration of applications for enterprise systems. Fifty-one people representing three stakeholder groups from four organizations were interviewed. The data revealed thirty-one unique integration downsides representing at least five dimensions. It now appears that integration is not always desirable or practical for a number of legitimate reasons. Collectively, organizations spend billions of dollars to achieve integration so it seems reasonable that understanding applications integration downsides is important to success. Yet, little is known about practitioners? perceptions of integration that influence their decisions and actions.
In Vivo Debridement Efficacy of Ultrasonic Irrigation Following Hand-Rotary Instrumentation in Human Mandibular Molars

This study histologically compared the in vivo debridement efficacy of hand/rotary canal preparation versus a hand/rotary/ultrasound technique in mesial root canals of vital mandibular molars. Group 1 consisted of 16 teeth prepared with a hand/rotary technique whereas group 2 consisted of 15 teeth prepared in similar fashion but followed by 1 min of ultrasonic irrigation, per canal, utilizing an ultrasonic needle in a MiniEndo unit. Five uninstrumented mandibular molars served as histologic controls. After extraction and histologic preparation, 0.5 microm cross-sections, taken every 0.2 mm from the 1- to 3-mm apical levels, were evaluated for percentage of tissue removal. Nonparametric analysis revealed mean percent canal and isthmus cleanliness values to be significantly higher for group 2 at all levels evaluated, except one. In conclusion, the 1 min use of the ultrasonic needle after hand/rotary instrumentation resulted in significantly cleaner canals and isthmuses in the mesial roots of mandibular molars.
Exotic pet allergy

The vast majority of patients with allergic symptoms from indoor pets are sensitized to domesticated cats and dogs. However, case reports of allergy to exotic or nontraditional pets have become more prevalent in the allergy literature over the last 6 years. Data obtained under the Freedom of Information Act from the US Fish and Wildlife Service reveal that approximately 8 million exotic animals including insects, amphibians, fish, birds, reptiles, rodents, and nonhuman primates were imported to the United States for commercial or personal use from July 2007 to June 2008. Although statistics detailing the total number of households with exotic or nontraditional pets are lacking, certainly a significant percentage are being sold or adopted as pets. With unknown allergenicity, their presence in American households necessitates a broader knowledge base by physicians regarding potentially removable allergen sources. This review focuses on reported cases of allergy to cockroach, chameleon, iguana, gerbil, hamster, ferret, rabbit, and monkey.
Bureaucracy and Democracy

The public bureaucracy is becoming an increasingly important locus for democratic activity. This shift of democratic activity is in part a function of the declining relevance of traditional forms of democracy, and changes within the public bureaucracy itself. In particular, the emphasis on performance and the links with output legitimation have led to greater participation through the bureaucracy.
Tracking nonrigid motion and structure from 2D satellite cloud images without correspondences

Tracking both structure and motion of nonrigid objects from monocular images is an important problem in vision. In this paper, a hierarchical method which integrates local analysis (that recovers small details) and global analysis (that appropriately limits possible nonrigid behaviors) is developed to recover dense depth values and nonrigid motion from a sequence of 2D satellite cloud images without any prior knowledge of point correspondences. This problem is challenging not only due to the absence of correspondence information but also due to the lack of depth cues in the 2D cloud images (scaled orthographic projection). In our method, the cloud images are segmented into several small regions and local analysis is performed for each region. A recursive algorithm is proposed to integrate local analysis with appropriate global fluid model constraints, based on which a structure and motion analysis system, SMAS, is developed. We believe that this is the first reported system in estimating dense structure and nonrigid motion under scaled orthographic views using fluid model constraints. Experiments on cloud image sequences captured by meteorological satellites (GOES-8 and GOES-9) have been performed using our system, along with their validation and analyses. Both structure and 3D motion correspondences are estimated to subpixel accuracy. Our results are very encouraging and have many potential applications in earth and space sciences, especially in cloud models for weather prediction.
Increased hemolytic potency of mouse mammary carcinoma extracts following incubation with tumor cells.

SummaryIf separated from the tumor cells by centrifugation, the mouse mammary carcinoma extracts lose their hemolytic potency, when incubated at 37° C, after 5 hours. On the other hand, the hemolytic potency of the tumor extracts is either moderately, or substantially increased following incubation in presence of tumor cells, at 37° C, for either 5 or 24 hours.Fresh extracts prepared from normal mouse cells have in most instances no hemolytic potency, except for those made from active mouse mammary gland. If the normal mouse cell suspensions (liver, lungs, muscle, or pooled organs), however, are incubated at 37° C for 5, or better for 24 hours, some of them may show a slight hemolytic potency, though to a lesser degree than that observed in the case of pre-incubated tumor cell suspensions.
Phase II study of bevacizumab, temozolomide, and hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

PURPOSE: Bevacizumab is associated with decreased vascular permeability that allows for more aggressive radiotherapy schedules. We conducted a phase II trial in newly-diagnosed glioblastoma utilizing a novel hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HFSRT) schedule combined with temozolomide and bevacizumab. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Patients with tumor volume ≤60cc were treated with HFSRT (6x6Gy to contrast-enhancement and 6x4Gy to FLAIR hyperintensity with dose painting) combined with concomitant/ adjuvant temozolomide and bevacizumab at standard doses. Primary endpoint was 1-year overall-survival (OS): Promising=70%; non-promising=50%; α=0.1; β=0.1. RESULTS: Forty patients were enrolled (median age: 55y; methylated MGMT promoter: 23%; unmethylated: 70%). The 1-year OS was 93% (95%CI 84-100) and median OS was 19m. The median progression-free survival was 10m, with no pseudo-progression observed. The objective response rate (ORR) was 57%. Analysis of TCGA glioblastoma transcriptional subclasses (Nanostring assay) suggested patients with a proneural phenotype (26%) fared worse (ORR=14%, versus 77% for other subclasses; p=0.009). Dynamic susceptibility-contrast perfusion MRI showed marked decreases in rCBV over time (p<0.0001) but had no prognostic value, whereas higher baseline ADC ratios and persistent hypermetabolism at the 6-month FDG-PET predicted poor OS (p=0.05 and 0.0001, respectively). Quality-of-life (FACT-BR-4) and neuropsychological test scores were stable over time, although some domains displayed transient decreases following HFSRT. CONCLUSIONS: This aggressive radiotherapy schedule was safe and more convenient for patients, achieving an OS that is comparable to historical controls. Analysis of advanced neuro-imaging parameters suggests ADC and FDG-PET as potentially useful biomarkers, whereas tissue correlatives uncovered the poor prognosis associated with the proneural signature in non-IDH-1 mutated glioblastoma.
Minimal Hearing Impairment Major Myths With More Than Minimal Implications

This article addresses five commonly stated misperceptions concerning the effects of minimal hearing loss on the education of children. Helping educators and other professionals recognize these and other possible misperceptions is the first step in appropriately educating children with minimal hearing loss. Making educators and other professionals aware of the need for proper diagnoses and management strategies is crucial for the achievement of effective educational outcomes for these children. Furthermore, resolving these misperceptions will assist in reducing the financial and psychosocial costs frequently associated with the education of these children.
Influence of low volume-pressure limited ventilation on outcome of severe paediatric pulmonary diseases

SummaryTo examine the influence of low volume-pressure limited ventilation (LVPLV) on mortality and mechanical ventilation (MV)-induced lung injury we report on a retrospective, cohort study done in a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in a tertiary care children's hospital. Patients studied were a consecutive series of 100 critically-ill children, receiving MV for severe respiratory diseases between 1985 and 1996. LVPLV strategies were used during the last 6 years (1991–96), compared with conventional ventilatory support used during the previous 6 year period (1985–90). Comparison of data between the two periods of the study showed that the survival rate increased from 57% to 84% (p < 0.003), whereas the air-leak frequency declined significantly (27% versus 8%, p < 0.02). These changes were preceded by a significant reduction in the maximum tidal volumes (VT 12.1 versus 8.97 ml-kg−1, p = 0.001), corresponding to higher longitudinal maximum PaCO2 values (59.4 versus 68 mmHg, p = 0.003). These results i...
Legal Protection of the Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions of the Indigenous Peoples of the Former Soviet Union

The population of the USSR was drawn from almost 200 ethnic groups and indigenous peoples. These indigenous peoples include various peoples of the Far North, central and southern Siberia, the Far East, and the North Caucasus. For many of these peoples, the traditional ways of life consist of hunting, fishing, reindeer husbandry, etc. Their traditional forms of cultural production include painting and carving on wood, bone, and stone, bead ornamentation, and other forms of graphic arts. With the break-up of the Soviet Union, the legal regime applicable to indigenous peoples in the 15 newly-independent nations of that region have taken separate paths. In this article, I have provided an overview of the legal regime applicable to indigenous people in the former Soviet republics and analyzed in detail the extent to which existing laws (primarily copyright law, but also patent and other laws) protect the traditional knowledge and cultural expression of these peoples.
Abstract 219: IFN-γ Plays an Essential Role in Accelerating Cardiovascular Disease of Recipients With MHC Class II-mismatched Allografts.

Background: Organ transplant recipients die from cardiovascular disease (CVD) at a higher rate than the general population. Traditional treatment with statins to mitigate risk factors such as hyperlipidemia has had limited success. Using an animal model of graft-accelerated recipient CVD by combining murine models of atherosclerosis and heterotopic heart transplantation, we aim to better understand its pathogenesis and to explore more effective therapeutic strategies. Methods and Results: C57BL/6 (B6) ApoE-deficient recipient mice were heterotopically transplanted with MHC class II mismatched cardiac allografts from donor BM12 mice. Isograft controls were from donor B6 mice. IFN-γ neutralization antibody or isotype IgG was given subcutaneously at a dose of 250 μg per mouse 1 day prior to transplantation and thereafter 125 μg per mouse, 3 times per week for 12 weeks. Serum levels of cholesterol and triglyceride were measured by Amplex® Red Cholesterol Assay Kit and Triglyceride Determination Kit respective...
Decay angular correlations and spectroscopy for 10 Be * → 4 He + 6 He

The Li({sup 7}Li, {sup 10}Be{sup *}{yields}{sup 4}He+{sup 6}He) reactions have been studied at bombarding energies of 34 and 50.9 MeV. For {sup 10}Be{sup *} production near 0{sup o}, decay angular correlations are used to determine the previously unknown spin values and more accurate excitation energies of J=2 at E{sub x}=9.56 MeV and J=3 at E{sub x}=10.15 MeV. New excited states are proposed at higher excitations. A triaxial rotor model calculation and other collective rotation proposals all require a J=4 state in the vicinity of 9 to 11 MeV, which has not been found. Angular correlation methods more general than have been used in the recent past are discussed.
Teaching Mathematics for Spatial Justice: An Investigation of the Lottery

ABSTRACTThis article explores integrating place-based education with critical mathematics toward teaching mathematics for spatial justice. Local Lotto, a curricular module with associated digital tools, was designed to investigate the lottery as a critical spatial phenomenon and piloted in urban high schools. This article describes findings from the second iteration in a remedial class in a low-income neighborhood. The research questions consider how the spatial focus supported the learning of mathematics and provided opportunities for students to think critically about the lottery using that mathematics. Findings include student interest in and engagement with the theme of the lottery familiar from outside of school with associated social justice implications. Students used mathematics and spatial evidence, at various levels of spatial scale, to support arguments about the lottery with greater success at narrower levels of scale. Suggestions about further innovations to scaffold place in a “critical peda...
Ranking the correlates of psychotherapy duration.

This study examined the relative strength (importance) of associations between the number of treatment sessions in mental health clinics and some pretherapy (e.g., payer source), treatment (e.g., use of medication), and outcome (e.g., improvement) variables. Data on clients who withdrew prematurely (dropouts) and data on those discharged by counselors (completers) were compared. A combined sample that included both groups of clients was also examined. The strongest correlates of the number of sessions were treatment outcome (for the combined sample) and the identity of the counselor (for clients who completed treatment). No leading predictor for the dropout group was found. Results of the study suggest that different factors may emerge as the most important correlates of the number of treatment sessions, depending on whether dropouts, completers, or both are included in the sample.
“Stepping Stones”: Career Paths to the SSAO for Men and Women at Four-Year Institutions

This study examined career paths to becoming the Senior Student Affairs Officer for men (n = 151) and women (n = 99) at 4-year institutions. Descriptive statistics and network analysis of resume data revealed that an average of 20 years and six job changes led to the position. Most started careers in residential life or student activities, obtained a directorship midcareer in student affairs or administration, and then advanced to the dean of students office.
A Proposed Model to Facilitate the Ergonomic Implementation of VDT-Based Data Entry Jobs in Industrially Developing Countries:

Extensive research has been conducted in Western Developed Countries on office ergonomics. The results of this research are presently being assimilated and integrated in Western offices. Concurrently there has been a movement to shift data entry operations to Industrially Developing Countries (IDC). The purpose of this paper is three-fold: 1) To stimulate consciousness among Human Factor professionals that VDT data entry work is being introduced into the developing countries by Western, primarily American, Multinational Corporations (MNC). 2) To explore methodology for applying established ergonomic principals to data entry tasks in IDC. 3) To propose a system model that addresses the unique ergonomic factors of data entry work being performed in IDC.
Closed and Open Fractures of the Hand: Fundamentals of Management

Fractures of the hand respond well to rational, simple treatment. Application of fundamental principles in the care of all fractures will insure reasonable results. Overtreatment, excessive early m...
Thinking spatially in the science classroom

Much scientific thinking is spatial in nature, and even non-spatial information is often communicated using maps, diagrams, graphs, analogies and other forms of spatial communication. Students’ spatial skills are correlated with their success in learning science, both concurrently and predictively. Given that spatial skills are malleable, can spatial thinking be used to improve science education? This article reviews two ways in which we might proceed. Strategy 1 is to enhance students’ spatial skills early in life, or at least prior to instruction. Strategy 2 is to make more effective use of spatial teaching techniques that allow for spatial as well as verbal learning, even by students with weaker spatial skills. Recent evidence suggests optimism about both approaches.
EOSINOPHILIC LEUKEMIA PRESENTING WITH ERYTHROCYTOSIS

Clinical and pathologic data on a young Negro male with a progressive and eventually fatal eosinophilic proliferative disease of 3 years duration has been presented. Unique features were the dual disturbance in the bone marrow and treatment with Myleran.
Effects of crude oil on in situ cardiac function in young adult mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus).

Abstract Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) negatively impacts exercise performance in fish species but the physiological modifications that result in this phenotype are poorly understood. Prior studies have shown that embryonic and juvenile mahi–mahi (Coryphaeus hippurus) exposed to PAH exhibit morphological abnormalities, altered cardiac development and reduced swimming performance. It has been suggested that cardiovascular function inhibited by PAH exposure accounts for the compromised exercise performance in fish species. In this study we used in-situ techniques to measure hemodynamic responses of young adult mahi–mahi exposed to PAH for 24 h. The data indicate that stroke volume was reduced 44% in mahi–mahi exposed to 9.6 ± 2.7 μg l−1 geometric mean PAH (∑PAH) and resulted in a 39% reduction in cardiac output and a 52% reduction in stroke work. Maximal change in pressure over change in time was 28% lower in mahi–mahi exposed to this level of ∑PAH. Mean intraventricular pressures and heart rate were not significantly changed. This study suggests exposure to environmentally relevant PAH concentrations impairs aspects of cardiovascular function in mahi–mahi.
Radiosurgery of the Malignant Spine Tumors

Common malignant spine tumors are metastasis to the spine with or without epidural spinal cord compression, and less commonly, primary spine tumors to the bone, soft tissue or spinal cord. Treatment of these tumors may vary depending on the primary site, histology, and functional status of the patient. In this chapter, indication and the use of radiosurgery for malignant spine tumors will be discussed.
Low-cost high-power light emitting diodes for photoacoustic imaging

We present a photoacoustic imaging system based on a low-cost high-power miniature light emitting diode (LED), which has the capability of in vivo mapping vasculature networks in biological tissue. Phantoms were used to demonstrate the feasibility of the system, while in vivo imaging the vasculature of mouse ear shows that LED-based photoacoustic imaging (LED-PAI) could have great potential for label-free biomedical imaging applications, overcoming the practical limitations of the use of bulky and expensive pulsed lasers.
Control of energy density inside turbid medium (Conference Presentation)

Recent breakthroughs in optical wavefront engineering have opened the possibility of controlling light intensity distribution inside highly scattering medium, but their success is limited by the open geometry of the sample and the difficulty of covering all input modes. Here we demonstrate experimentally an efficient control of energy density distribution inside a strong scattering medium. Instead of the open slab geometry, we fabricate a silicon waveguide that contains scatterers and has reflecting sidewalls. The intensity distribution inside the 2D waveguide is probed from the third dimension. With a careful design of the on-chip coupling waveguide, we can access all the input modes. Such unprecedented control of incident wavefront leads to 10 times enhancement of the total transmission or 50 times suppression. A direct probe of light intensity distribution inside the disordered structure reveals that selective excitation of open channels leads to an energy buildup deep inside the scattering medium, while the excitation of closed channels greatly reduces the penetration depth. Compared to the linear decay for random input fields, the optimized wavefront can produce an intensity profile that is either peaked near the center of the waveguide or decay exponentially with depth. The total energy stored inside the waveguide is increased 3.7 times or decreased 2 times. Since the energy density dictates light-matter interactions inside a scattering system, our results demonstrate the possibility of tailoring optical excitations as well as linear and nonlinear optical processes inside the turbid medium in an on-chip platform.
Gallai–Ramsey numbers of C7 with multiple colors

Abstract We study Ramsey-type problems in Gallai-colorings. Given a graph H and an integer k ≥ 1 , the Gallai–Ramsey number G R k ( H ) is the least positive integer n such that every k -coloring of the edges of the complete graph on n vertices contains either a rainbow triangle or a monochromatic copy of H . It turns out that G R k ( H ) behaves more nicely than the classic Ramsey number R k ( H ) . However, finding exact values of G R k ( H ) is far from trivial. In this paper, we prove that G R k ( C 7 ) = 3 ⋅ 2 k + 1 for all k ≥ 1 . Our technique relies heavily on the structural result of Gallai on edge-colorings of complete graphs without rainbow triangles.
Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles: Toxicology and Lymph Node Targeting for Cancer Metastasis Prevention

Applications of nanoparticles in biology are rapidly developing areas in nanomedicine. In cancer therapy, nanoparticles are being used for the detection, diagnosis, and imaging of tumors. Calcium phosphate has long been used as a bone substitute biomaterial and is FDA approved. It is biocompatible, easy to synthesize and relatively cheap. Due to these favorable conditions, it has been investigated for numerous drug delivery of anti-tumor drug applications. Tumor metastases are a major health issue before and after surgical removal of a tumor. Presently, chemotherapy is being used to tackle metastases, but an anti-tumor drug does not differentiate between healthy tissue and tumors. It simply kills all cells it interacts with, and hence there is a need to develop an effective targeted drug delivery system which only releases the drug in tumor cell conditions. Anti-tumor drugs can be easily adsorbed onto the surface of calcium phosphates through electrostatic interactions. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles dissolve in the acidic micro-environment of the tumor, thus, releasing the drug which eventually kills the tumor cells. Most importantly, the calcium phosphate nanoparticles can be targeted to the sentinel lymph node where they can probe tumor metastases. This chapter will cover the history and future promises of using calcium phosphate nanoparticles to treat cancer, including its safety and toxicity in such applications.
Adaptive Underwater Video Transmission via Software-Defined MIMO Acoustic Modems

Video signal transmission enables a wide range of applications in the underwater environment; such as coastal and tactical multimedia surveillance, undersea/offshore exploration, oil pipe/bridge inspection, video monitoring of geologicaWiological processes from the seafloor to the air-sea interface—that all require real-time multimedia acquisition and classification. Yet, it is a challenge to achieve an efficient and reliable video transmission, due to the spectrum limitations underwater and also the error prone nature of the acoustic channel. In this paper, we propose a pairwise scheme to manage the video distortion-rate tradeoff for underwater video transmission. The proposed Multi-input Multi-output (MIMO)-based Software-Defined Acoustic Radio (SDAR) system adapts itself to meet the needs of both video compression and underwater channel in a timely manner from one hand, and keeps the overall video distortion—caused by the coder/decoder and channel—under an acceptable threshold from the other hand. The scalability of Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) with high processing capabilities is exploited in the proposed structure along with the temporal, spatial and quality scalability of Scalable Video Coding (SVC) H.264/MPEG-4 AVC compression standard. Experimental results at Sonny Werblin Recreation Center, Rutgers University, as well as simulations are presented, while more experiments are in-progress to evaluate the performance of our testbed in more challenging environments such as in the Raritan River, New Jersey.