cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A linear model approach to backcalculation of fish length

Abstract A common problem in fishery management is to infer the growth history of a population of fish from a single sample of fish. On each fish, one can measure its length at capture, age, and yearly increments between concentric annual rings in a scale. Linear models for growth from the scale increments are proposed. A method of inferring changes in length from the available data is then discussed. Results are illustrated by an example.
Effects of dissolved oxygen shock on the stability of recombinant Escherichia coli containing plasmid pKN401

The effect of dissolved oxygen shock on the stability of recombinant Escherichia coli cells containing plasmid pKN401 was investigated. The recombinant cells were stable in control batch experiments in media with and without ampicillin. However, these recombinant cells were highly unstable under conditions where a dissolved oxygen shock was induced. The results have implications for design of aerated reactors for recombinant cells.
A distinctive family of embryonic protein-tyrosine kinase receptors.

Abstract Two closely related protein-tyrosine kinases with the characteristics of growth factor receptors were identified by screening a chicken embryo cDNA expression library with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies and were designated Cek2 and Cek3 (chicken embryo kinases 2 and 3). Cek2 and Cek3 are structurally related to Cek1, a chicken basic fibroblast growth factor receptor, and presumably represent receptors for basic fibroblast growth factor-related molecules. The identification of Cek2 and Cek3 establishes the existence of a family of protein-tyrosine kinases that includes Cek1 and that is likely to be implicated in the control of developmental processes. Among protein-tyrosine kinases, this family of receptors, which may include other as yet unknown members, is most closely related to the protooncogene product Ret and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor family.
Photoassisted MOVPE grown (n)ZnSe/(p+)GaAs heterojunction solar cells

We report the electrical characteristics of (n)ZnSe/(p þ )GaAs heterostructure solar cells grown by depositing an n-type ZnSe epilayer using photoassisted metal organic vapor phase epitaxy on p þ type GaAs (1 0 0) substrates. A study of the solar cell efficiency as a function of ZnSe epilayer thickness is also presented. Our preliminary results show that an epilayer thickness of 1.5 lm produced the highest efficiency for the cells tested, (4.27% under AM1.5 conditions, no anti-reflective coating). We also demonstrate a method to pattern ZnSe/GaAs structures with an inexpensive methanol/ bromine etch process. 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Outcomes of hospital-based managed care: A multivariate analysis of cost and quality**

Objective To determine the effects a hospital-based managed care intervention has on the cost and quality of care. Methods The intervention consisted of a CareMap and a nurse case manager. The CareMap contained both a critical path and a set of expected patient outcomes. The study population comprised all women who delivered by cesarean during the 18 months of the study and who were cared for in the maternity unit at a tertiary-level university hospital. The effects of the intervention were determined by comparing the after group with the before group in regard to length of stay and costs of care post-cesarean delivery, patient ratings of quality of care, and the physical recovery of the patients by discharge and 1 month later. Results After the implementation of hospital-based managed care, the average length of stay decreased 13.5% (0.7 days) and the average costs decreased 13.1% ($518). These decreases were statistically significant and remained so after controlling for co-morbid and complicating conditions. Patients perception of the quality of care increased from 4.26 to 4.41 on a 1–5 scale, a statistically significant increase. In particular, patients believed that they had an increased level of participation in their care. The physical recovery scores obtained at discharge did not change. Conclusion Hospital-based managed care can reduce resource use, length of stay, and cost associated with hospital care while maintaining or improving the quality of care. Whether these effects are reproducible and generalizable to other conditions should be addressed in future studies; the duration of these effects should also be examined.
Gradient Elution Centrifugal Partition Chromatography: Comparison with HPLC Gradients and use of Ternary Diagrams to Build Gradients

Abstract Just as with HPLC, gradient elution provides to CPC an easy way to fractionate solutes of widely differing polarities and partition coefficients, and to reduce run times. The easiest way to design a gradient for CPC is to refer to ternary diagrams corresponding to the ternary liquid mixtures generally encountered in centrifugal partition chromatography.
Reasonable accommodation and the unionized employer: Reassignment of workers with disabilities

Abstract Although both employers and unions are subject to the provisions of the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA), the Act's inclusion of “reassignment to a vacant position” as a potential accommodation may conflict with the seniority provisions of a collectively-bargained agreement. This article analyzes the judicial treatment of this conflict under an earlier federal law, the Rehabilitation Act, finding that courts nearly unanimously viewed the collective agreement's provisions as precluding reassignments that violated contractual seniority provisions. The ADA differs significantly from the Rehabilitation Act, however, and the article argues that judges will be less deferential to collective agreements in ADA litigation. Suggestions for employers and unions who wish to avoid this conflict are made.
Analysis of the Coal Sector under Carbon Constraints

Abstract in HTML and technical report in PDF available on the MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change website (http://mit.edu/globalchange/www/).
Delayed Sahel rainfall and global seasonal cycle in a warmer climate

[1] Twenty-first century projections of global rainfall and sea surface temperature in the current generation of climate models indicate a delay in the seasonal cycle in response to increasing greenhouse gases, with important implications for the regional monsoons. In particular, the rainy season of the semi-arid African Sahel is projected to start later and become shorter. The robust agreement across models on the seasonal distribution of Sahel rainfall changes stands in contrast with large uncertainty for summertime rainfall totals there.
Measurement of Log-Amplitude Variance

Log amplitude variance calculation methods compared in statistics of optical scintillation by application to measurements with laser
Influence of Hostile Media Perception on Willingness to Engage in Discursive Activities: An Examination of Mediating Role of Media Indignation

This study examines the mediating role of media indignation, a set of negative emotional reactions to media coverage perceived to have partisan bias, between hostile media perception (HMP) and its consequences in behavioral willingness, more specifically, willingness to engage in discursive activities. It is examined together with a cognitive pathway through individuals' inference on opinion climate. Data from a web-based survey of university students (N = 696) on three controversial issues were analyzed. Findings showed that the degree of perceived partisan bias in mainstream media coverage on an issue was positively related to the intensity of media indignation and levels of incongruity between one's own opinion and perceived majority opinion. Media indignation in turn had a significant and positive effect on willingness to engage in discursive activities across all three issues, mediating the effect of HMP on behavioral willingness, whereas self-majority opinion incongruity did not. Theoretical implica...
A lower limit on the surface C-12/C-13 ratio in Alpha Orionis

The second overtone CO bands near 1.6 microns were analyzed in Alpha Ori using synthetic spectra. No firm identification of (C-13)O was made, which allowed a lower limit of 20 to be set on the C-12/C-13 ratio. A rather low microturbulent velocity of 2 km/s was found to match the spectrum of Alpha Ori best.
Anti-arrhythmic Action of Bretylium

THE anti-arrhythmic action of guanethidine which was found to prevent a type of clinical paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia1 and prevented experimental atrial fibrillation2 suggested that other agents which interfere with the release of catecholamines might exhibit similar effectiveness.
Chloropyridinyl neonicotinoid insecticides: diverse molecular substituents contribute to facile metabolism in mice.

Chloropyridinyl neonicotinoid insecticides play a major role in crop protection and flea control on cats and dogs. Imidacloprid (IMI), nitenpyram (NIT), thiacloprid (THI), and acetamiprid (ACE) have in common the 6-chloro-3-pyridinylmethyl group but differ in the nitroguanidine, nitromethylene, or cyanoamidine substituent on an acyclic or cyclic moiety. Earlier metabolism studies were made with rats, goats, and hens but not with mice or under conditions suitable to compare metabolic pathways or pharmacokinetics. In this investigation, IMI, NIT, THI, and ACE were individually administered ip to mice at 10 or 20 mg/kg for analysis of brain, liver, and plasma at 15-240 min and 0-24 h urine by HPLC/DAD, LC/MSD, and LC/MS/MS. Maximum levels of the parent compounds in brain were 11-16 ppm (NIT and THI), 6 ppm (IMI), and 3 ppm (ACE). Persistence in the tissues was greater for ACE than the other neonicotinoids. Urinary excretion of the parent compound was greatest with NIT and IMI. Each of the compounds was cleaved to the same eight urinary metabolites derived from the chloropyridinylmethyl moiety (i.e., chloropyridinecarboxylic acid and its methylthio-, hydroxy-, and N-acetylcysteinyl derivatives and glycine, O-glucuronide, and sulfate conjugates thereof). Three nitro- or cyano-containing fragments were identified from the rest of the molecule for IMI, NIT, and ACE and one for THI. IMI gave nitrosoguanidine, aminoguanidine, guanidine (desnitro), olefin, methyltriazinone, and hydroxy- and dihydroxyimidazole derivatives. NIT metabolism involved N-demethylation, conversion to a cyano derivative via a nitrosomethylene intermediate, and oxidation at the nitromethylene carbon to the carboxylic acid. THI yielded olefin, imine (descyano), descyano olefin, amide, and hydroxythiazolidine derivatives and a ring-opened and methylated THI sulfoxide. ACE formed N-desmethyl, acetamide, amide, chloropyridinylmethylamine, and N-methylchloropyridinylmethylamine derivatives. Despite their common metabolites, these neonicotinoids differ greatly in their molecular sites and rates of metabolism in mice.
Crystals and alpha-1-antitrypsin-reactive globoid inclusions in an islet cell tumor of the pancreas.

An islet cell tumor of the pancreas with unusual light microscopic, ultrastructural, and immunocyto-chemical features is reported. In addition to secretory granules and positive immunostaining for pancreatic polypeptide, the tumor contained globoid intracytoplasmic inclusions by light and electron microscopy, which correlated with a positive immunoreaction for alpha-1-antitrypsin, and Reinkelike crystals.
The anovulatory hamster: A comparison of the effects of short photoperiod and daily melatonin injections on the induction and termination of ovarian acyclicity

Cyclic female hamsters were rendered anovulatory by daily subcutaneous melatonin injections (25 microgram/0.1 ml oil) in 29 days or by transfer to a short light cycle, LD 6:18 (lights 1000-1600 hrs) in 33 days. Estrous cyclicity was reinitiated in these animals in 44 or 45 days following cessation of melatonin injections or transfer to long light cycles (LD 14:10, lights 0600-2000 hrs), respectively. Exposure of both groups to LD 6:18 after reinitiation of estrous cyclicity caused a second cessation of ovulation in 75 (melatonin group) or 61 (short light cycle group) days. Thus, although both treatments disrupted estrous cyclicity for nearly 6 weeks, this was not sufficient to induce photorefractoriness (failure to respond to short light cycles with continued estrous cyclicity). Rather, every animal responded to LD 6:18 and ceased ovulating. Melatonin-induced anovulatory hamsters showed daily gonadotropin release patterns identical to those reported in hamsters in other anovulatory states (lactating, prepubertal, and photoinduced anovulatory hamsters); that is, peak LH and FSH release at 1700 hrs daily.
Hydrodynamic analysis of the human progesterone receptor A-isoform reveals that self-association occurs in the micromolar range.

Human progesterone receptors exist as two functionally distinct isoforms, an 83 kDa A-receptor (PR-A) and a 99 kDa B-receptor (PR-B). The isoforms are identical except that PR-B has an additional 164 amino acids at its N-terminus. We have previously characterized the hydrodynamics and solution assembly energetics of PR-B [Heneghan, A. F., et al. (2005) Biochemistry 44, 9528−9537], and here we present an analysis of PR-A. At micromolar concentrations of the receptor, sedimentation velocity studies demonstrate that PR-A undergoes a concentration-dependent change in its sedimentation coefficient distribution, indicative of a self-associating system. Global analysis of data sets collected at multiple PR-A concentrations supports the presence of a hydrodynamically homogeneous 3.50 S monomer species in equilibrium with a 7.15 S dimer species. Sedimentation equilibrium analysis demonstrates that self-association can be rigorously described by a monomer−dimer assembly reaction and a dimerization free energy of −7...
Adolescent males' sexual behavior and contraceptive use: implications for male responsibility.

A recent US survey of single 17-21 year old men indicated that 17.1% used a condom at 1st intercourse and 15.5% used a condom at the most recent intercourse. Withdrawal is also used: 10.0% and 7.4% respectively. Condom use was correlated with being older at 1st intercourse having a higher educational level closer association to partner and sense of male contraceptive responsibility. The data used for this analysis was taken from a sub-sample of 624 sexually active males in 1979. The mean age at 1st intercourse was 14.8 years and mean age at most recent was 18.9 years. The pill was also used at 1st intercourse (8.8%) and a total of 43.5% used some method of contraception. In the most recent intercourse cases 64.7% used some method of birth control and the pill was used 26.5% condom 15.5% and withdrawal 7.4%. Conclusions from this data indicate that male methods are important in teen contraception. Condom use at 1st and most recent intercourse was related to both positive and negative characteristics. It appears that males show some contraceptive responsibility initially but later give the responsibility to females. The declining use of condoms indicates it to be a transitional form of birth control. Programs should promote continued use of condoms since use of the pill is low and unwanted pregnancy risk is high. Communication on contraception should be encouraged so both partners are aware if neither one is contracepting. With the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic condom use takes on a whole new context in relation to the decline in use by adolescents.
The influence of organic matter diagenesis on CaCO3 dissolution at the deep-sea floor

Abstract In situ benthic flux chamber measurements were performed at seafloor locations in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans where the bottomwaters were supersaturated, approximately saturated, and undersaturated with respect to calcite. There was no evidence of significant dissolution at or above the saturation horizon. Below the saturation horizon, however, significant benthic fluxes of titration alkalinity and calcium out of the sediments were observed indicating appreciable dissolution. Where observed, the rate of dissolution is consistent with a rate expression of reaction order 4.5 and a rate constant in the range of 0.05 to 0.5% per day. A numerical simulation was constructed to represent organic matter and CaCO3 diagenesis at the seafloor. At the supersaturated and near-saturation sites, the model over-predicts the influence of metabolically produced CO2 on the extent of CaCO3 dissolution. It is possible that these results can be reconciled by a better understanding and parameterization of organic matter mineralization and porewater transport processes in surface sediments. The primary factors to be considered include ( 1 ) the oxidation state of the carbon being oxidized, (2) the vertical distribution of oxidation rates including the role of DOC in sediment remineralization, (3) the influence of nondiffusive transport of near-surface porewaters, and (4) the influence of episodic depositional events on organic and inorganic carbon cycling.
An Empirical Evaluation of Interfaces for Army Tactical Operations

Timely and accurate decisions in the Army domain are directly linked to the commander's ability to assess the battlefield. We reviewed both existing and proposed Army interfaces and applied a Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE) approach to the development of an alternative interface: the RAPTOR interface (Representation Aiding Portrayal of Tactical Operations Resources). This interface and a version of the Army's recently-implemented digital interface (the Force XXI Battle Command Brigade and Below — FBCB2) were evaluated using a simulated offensive scenario and domain experts from an active Army unit. The results indicate that the RAPTOR interface produced significantly better performance for quantitative, categorical and needs assessments. It is concluded that the RAPTOR interface summarizes critical information for Army units at all levels and makes this information easily accessible through effective graphical formats and interaction style.
Realization of a Laughlin quasiparticle interferometer: Observation of fractional statistics

In two dimensions, the laws of physics permit existence of anyons, particles with fractional statistics which is neither Fermi nor Bose. That is, upon exchange of two such particles, the quantum state of a system acquires a phase which is neither 0 nor \pi, but can be any value. The elementary excitations (Laughlin quasiparticles) of a fractional quantum Hall fluid have fractional electric charge and are expected to obey fractional statistics. Here we report experimental realization of a novel Laughlin quasiparticle interferometer, where quasiparticles of the 1/3 fluid execute a closed path around an island of the 2/5 fluid and thus acquire statistical phase. Interference fringes are observed as conductance oscillations as a function of magnetic flux, similar to the Aharonov-Bohm effect. We observe the interference shift by one fringe upon introduction of five magnetic flux quanta (5h/e) into the island. The corresponding 2e charge period is confirmed directly in calibrated gate experiments. These results constitute direct observation of fractional statistics of Laughlin quasiparticles.
Properties of TGS aqueous solution for crystal growth

A study has been made of the properties of triglycine sulfate (TGS) aqueous solution relevant to its use for single crystal growth. Measurements of the solubility, index of refraction, density, viscosity, diffusivity, and optical dispersion are presented and discussed. A knowledge of these properties is of importance for controlling and modeling the growth process and for obtaining high quality single crystals.
Part VII: Managing Reputation: Pursuing Everyday Excellence: The image cascade and the formation of corporate reputations

The final session examined critical issues raised in the practice of reputation management. Panelists presented research about the structure of departments devoted to external affairs, investor relations and the emerging nature of the reputation consultancy industry. Three panelists evaluated the interaction between reputation and identity, confronting a theoretical perspective with a more practical view. Organizational Images: Between Being and Appearing - Nicola Marziliano, Nokia Telecommunications Corporate Reputation and External Affairs Management - James E. Post and Jennifer J. Griffin, School of Management, Boston University The Rise of Investor Relations Departments in the Fortune 500 Industrials - Hayagreeva Rao, Emory University Integrating Corporate Culture, Identity and Image: An Emerging Industry? - Majken Schultz, Lars Ervolder and Jannik Hulten, Copenhagen Business School Corporate Identity: What of It, Why the Confusion, and What's Next? - John M.T. Balmer, University of Strathclyde The Image Cascade and the Formation of Corporate Reputations - Violina P. Rindova, New York University The conference chair Charles Fombrun (New York University) concluded the intensive two-day conference by highlighting the convergences among session participants. He also reminded everyone about the imminent publication of the Corporate Reputation Review. In closing, he invited participants to plan for 'Reputation II': The annualized conference will next be hosted by Cees van Riel (Erasmus University) in The Netherlands on January 16, 1998, in Amsterdam.
The treatment of psoriatic arthritis and inflammatory spondylitis

NSAIDs still remain the initial therapeutic modality for psoriatic arthritis and inflammatory spondylitis. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs have only been proven to be useful in peripheral arthritis, without efficacy in axial inflammatory spondylitis. In recent years, the introduction of tumor necrosis alpha inhibitors into clinical practice has produced a substantial impact in both peripheral and axial disease, with improvement in pain, function, and quality of life. Factors such as cost-effectiveness and safety will need to be better characterized over time.
Self-aligned implanted ground-plane fully depleted SOI MOSFET

A method for fabricating a back-gate ground plane underneath a thin-film silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFET is described. It is shown by numerical simulation that the formation of the ground plane improves the subthreshold slope and short-channel characteristics of very short-channel devices.
Assigning new GO annotations to protein data bank sequences by combining structure and sequence homology

Accompanying the discovery of an increasing number of proteins, there is the need to provide functional annotation that is both highly accurate and consistent. The Gene Ontology (GO) provides consistent annotation in a computer readable and usable form; hence, GO annotation (GOA) has been assigned to a large number of protein sequences based on direct experimental evidence and through inference determined by sequence homology. Here we show that this annotation can be extended and corrected for cases where protein structures are available. Specifically, using the Combinatorial Extension (CE) algorithm for structure comparison, we extend the protein annotation currently provided by GOA at the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) to further describe the contents of the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Specific cases of biologically interesting annotations derived by this method are given. Given that the relationship between sequence, structure, and function is complicated, we explore the impact of this relationship on assigning GOA. The effect of superfolds (folds with many functions) is considered and, by comparison to the Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP), the individual effects of family, superfamily, and fold.
Increased expression of stromelysin-3 in basal cell carcinomas.

We examined the expression of two groups of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), stromelysin and interstitial collagenase, in human skin cancer by northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization. Stromelyins-3 (ST-3) mRNA was overexpressed more than tenfold in 17 of 19 (89%) specimens of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) but in only three of 13 (23%) cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Stromelysin-1 and -2 (ST-1/2) mRNA was overexpressed in three of 19 (16%) BCC and three of 13 (23%) SCC. Collagenase mRNA was overexpressed in nine of 19 (47%) BCC and three of 13 (23%) SCC. No mRNA for ST-3, ST-1/2, or collagenase was detected by northern analysis in 21 specimens of adjacent normal skin. Because of these findings, we examined the specific location of the ST-3 mRNA in BCC specimens by in situ hybridization. ST-3 mRNA was particular abundant in the characteristic stroma adjacent to the invasive basaloid tumor islands of the BCC and absent in the malignant cells. Moreover, ST-3 mRNA was expressed and induced by phorbol ester treatment in adult dermal fibroblasts but not in keratinocytes. In vitro studies have shown that MMPs are involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix molecules. Our finding of ST-3 mRNA overexpression in 17 of 19 (89%) BCC specimens is consistent with a role for this molecule in local invasion of stroma by BCC. Our in situ hybridization data suggested that while ST-3 is not expressed by malignant basal cells themselves, these tumor cells may induce the expression of ST-3 in adjacent nonmalignant stromal elements such as fibroblasts. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Silicon concentrations in the metal of iron meteorites

Electron microprobe determinations of Si concentrations in metal of iron meteorites, showing weak evidence for Si presence in earth core
Carcinoma of the endometrium: Effect of stage and grade on survival

Of 523 patients with endometrial carcinoma, 324 were FIGO stage Ia, 85 stage Ib, 24 stage II, 44 stage III, and 46 stage IV. High-grade lesions were present in 7.1% with stage Ia, 18.8% with stage Ib, 37.5% with stage II, 29.6% with stage III, and 55.3% with stage IV. There was no significant difference from expected survival at 5, 10, and 15 years for patients with IaG1 or IbG1 disease. Patients with IaG2 and IbG2 disease showed similar survival, as did patients with IaG3 and IbG3 disease. Thus, uterine size seemed to make no difference in patient survival at comparable grades of disease. Deaths due to cancer at 5 years increased from 63% for stage Ia disease to 100% for stage IV disease. By absolute measurement of penetration, with increasing stage of disease there was greater penetration whether the disease was low or high in grade. Also, as the grade increased within a given stage, so did penetration of the myometrium.
Decay theory of immediate memory: From Brown (1958) to today (2014).

This work takes a historical approach to discussing Brown's (1958) paper, “Some Tests of the Decay Theory of Immediate Memory”. This work was and continues to be extremely influential in the field of forgetting over the short term. Its primary importance is in establishing a theoretical basis to consider a process of fundamental importance: memory decay. Brown (1958) established that time-based explanations of forgetting can account for both memory capacity and forgetting of information over short periods of time. We discuss this view both in the context of the intellectual climate at the time of the paper's publication and in the context of the modern intellectual climate. The overarching theme we observe is that decay is as controversial now as it was in the 1950s and 1960s.
SOCIOLOGICAL PREREQUISITES FOR A PUBLIC HEALTH CURRICULUM.

THE CONCLUSIONS in this paper are based upon four years and a half of work in public health education (social hygiene), part of which was under the United States Public Health Service; and upon several years' teaching of courses in " Social Aspects of Public Health " at Northwestern University and in applied sociology at the Presbyterian Hospital School for Nurses at Chicago. The opinions of the writer have been checked and supplemented by those of well known writers and active workers in certain fields. The obvious points of contact between sociology and the job of the public health worker are many, but they may be thus grouped: 1. The social effects of disease are the chief stimulus to public health efforts. If disease affected only the immediate victim, individualistic medicine would be adequate. But it may be communicable; it may break down the standard of living or undermine family integrity; it robs society of product; its miseries arouse commiseration. Applied sociology includes such facts. and gives technique for their analysis and appreciation, in the -case or in the mass. 2. The causes of disease include manv which are not biological, not individualistic, but social in origin. Thorough diagnosis includes these social causes. The several branches of public hygiene, especially for example epidemiology, are obviously social arts and sciences. A knowledge of sociial organization, as well as of economic organization, is needful for appreciation of social causation. All three are essential guides to remedial and preventive measures, whether in case work (hospital social service, public health nursing, etc.) or in mass work (propaganda, legislation, administration). In his recent book,1 H. H. Moore says:
A parallel color-based particle filter for object tracking

Porting well known computer vision algorithms to low power, high performance computing devices such as SIMD linear processor arrays can be a challenging task. One especially useful such algorithm is the color-based particle filter, which has been applied successfully by many research groups to the problem of tracking non-rigid objects. In this paper, we propose an implementation of the color-based particle filter suitable for SIMD processors. The main focus of our work is on the parallel computation of the particle weights. This step is the major bottleneck of standard implementations of the color-based particle filter since it requires the knowledge of the histograms of the regions surrounding each hypothesized target position. We expect this approach to perform faster in an SIMD processor than an implementation in a standard desktop computer even running at much lower clock speeds.
A Single Palladium Nanowire Via Electrophoresis Deposition Used as a Ultrasensitive Hydrogen Sensor

We have successfully fabricated and demonstrated the use of a single metallic nanowire as a hydrogen sensor with extremely high sensitivity via a very simple fabrication process. In this paper, single palladium (Pd) nanowires were electrodeposited within 100-nm-wide polymethylmethacrylate nanochannels using a Pd electrolyte solution. Via this method, nanowires were grown with widths ranging from 50 to 100 nm, and lengths from 3 to 7 mum. The nanowires were successfully used to sense hydrogen concentrations as low as 5 ppm at room temperature. The growth control of single Pd nanowires, as well as the primary sensing mechanism, is addressed in detail in this paper.
Evaluation and Management of Infections in Patients with Collagen Vascular Disease

The clinical outcome of patients with the various manifestations of collagen vascular disease (CVD) has significantly improved over the past two decades with the increased use of diuretics, cytotoxic agents, dialysis, transplantation, and the judicious use of corticosteroids and other antiinflammatory agents directed at altering or delaying end-organ damage by the underlying immunopathologic process.1–4 A more rigorous definition of the various CVD clinical syndromes and a greater sophistication in the serologic, radiologic, and pathologic diagnostic methods have meant that patients with these diseases are now coming to clinical attention earlier in the course of their illness. Consequently, the physician is now encountering a greater number of clinical problems over a longer time span for each individual patient, rather than just the well-known complications of their end-stage disease.
Lessons from the TOPCAT trial.

Some patients with the clinical syndrome of heart failure have a normal or near-normal left ventricular ejection fraction.1–3 To date, no treatment has been shown to improve outcomes in this condition, usually designated heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction.2,3 The care of such patients can be difficult and is typically limited to efforts to relieve symptoms. Mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonists such as spironolactone are highly efficacious in patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction.4,5 Pitt et al. now report in the Journal the findings of a trial comparing spironolactone with placebo in patients with heart failure . . .
Familiarity does indeed promote attraction in live interaction.

Does familiarity promote attraction? Prior research has generally suggested that it does, but a recent set of studies by Norton, Frost, and Ariely (2007) challenged that assumption. Instead, they found that more information about another person, when that information was randomly selected from lists of trait adjectives, using a trait evaluation paradigm, promoted perceptions of dissimilarity and, hence, disliking. The present research began with the assumption that natural social interaction involves contexts and processes not present in Norton et al.’s research or in the typical familiarity experiment. We theorized that these processes imply a favorable impact of familiarity on attraction. Two experiments are reported using a live interaction paradigm in which two previously unacquainted same-sex persons interacted with each other for varying amounts of time. Findings strongly supported the “familiarity leads to attraction” hypothesis: The more participants interacted, the more attracted they were to each other. Mediation analyses identified three processes that contribute to this effect: perceived responsiveness, increased comfort and satisfaction during interaction, and perceived knowledge.
Structure-based approach for binding site identification on AmpC beta-lactamase.

‚-Lactamases are the most widespread resistance mechanism to ‚-lactam antibiotics and are an increasing menace to public health. Several ‚-lactamase structures have been determined, making this enzyme an attractive target for structure-based drug design. To facilitate inhibitor design for the class C ‚-lactamase AmpC, binding site "hot spots" on the enzyme were identified using experimental and computational approaches. Experimentally, X-ray crystal structures of AmpC in complexes with four boronic acid inhibitors and a higher resolution (1.72 A) native apo structure were determined. Along with previously determined structures of AmpC in complexes with five other boronic acid inhibitors and four ‚-lactams, consensus binding sites were identified. Computationally, the programs GRID, MCSS, and X-SITE were used to predict potential binding site hot spots on AmpC. Several consensus binding sites were identified from the crystal structures. An amide recognition site was identified by the interaction between the carbonyl oxygen in the R1 side chain of ‚-lactams and the atom N‰2 of the conserved Asn152. Surprisingly, this site also recognizes the aryl rings of arylboronic acids, appearing to form quadrupole-dipole interactions with Asn152. The highly conserved "oxyanion" hole defines a site that recognizes both carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. A hydroxyl binding site was identified by the O2 hydroxyl in the boronic acids, which hydrogen bonds with Tyr150 and a conserved water. A hydrophobic site is formed by Leu119 and Leu293. A carboxylate binding site was identified by the ubiquitous C3(4) carboxylate of the ‚-lactams, which interacts with Asn346 and Arg349. Four water sites were identified by ordered waters observed in most of the structures; these waters form extensive hydrogen-bonding networks with AmpC and occasion- ally the ligand. Predictions by the computational programs showed some correlation with the experimentally observed binding sites. Several sites were not predicted, but novel binding sites were suggested. Taken together, a map of binding site hot spots found on AmpC, along with information on the functionality recognized at each site, was constructed. This map may be useful for structure-based inhibitor design against AmpC.
Phylogenetic approach to the study of tamarin and marmoset social systems

Tamarins and marmosets (subfamily: Callitrichinae) are members of an ecologically and behaviorally diverse radiation of small-bodied New World monkeys characterized by the production of twin offspring, intense female reproductive competition, reproductive suppression, cooperative infant care and evidence of what has been described as a highly flexible system of mating. In this review, I offer a phylogenetic approach to the study of callitrichine reproduction and mating systems. Beginning with the assumption that Callimico most closely resembles the ancestral tamarin and marmoset condition, I identify a set of primitive callitrichine behavioral and reproductive character states and reconstruct the sequence of derived behavioral and reproductive changes that define the basic social systems of Saguinus, Leontopithecus, Callithrix, and Cebuella. It is proposed that ancestral callitrichines lived in small multimale multifemale groups characterized by 1 or more reproductively active females, a single offspring at birth, rapid postnatal growth, delayed nonmaternal caregiving, and a polygynous mating pattern. The evolution of twinning in the common ancestor of all extant tamarins and marmosets increased the overall costs of infant care, resulting in enhanced female reproductive competition and a greater role for group members in providing for the young. Specialized mechanisms of female reproductive competition appear to have evolved twice in callitrichine evolution. In the lineage leading to Leontopithecus, high levels of female intrasexual aggression and ovulatory synchrony play a primary role in the social control of fertility. In Saguinus, Callithrix, and Cebuella, female reproductive suppression has a stronger physiological basis, resulting in hormonally mediated infertility in subordinate adult females. In addition to having important implications for understanding differences in callitrichine breeding systems, these data suggest that Leontopithecus separated from the callitrichin line prior to the radiation of other tamarin and marmoset taxa. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Intermediate metabolism of aerobic spores. V. The purification and properties of L-alanine dehydrogenase.

Abstract An l -alanine dehydrogenase (AID) has been purified from extracts of spores of Bacillus cereus strain T. This enzyme catalyzes the reversible reaction: l -alanine + DPN+ + H2O ⇌ pyruvate + NH3 + DPNH + H+ The enzyme is specific for DPN and is inhibited by heavy metals and sulfhydrylbinding agents. The pH optimum for deamination is 9.8 and for amination 8.8. The equilibrium constant is 1.36 × 10−14. The properties of the enzyme are identical to those previously described for the AID of vegetative cells of Bacillus. In spores, AID is the primary route of l -alanine deamination.
Anti-Nepotism Reconsidered The Case of Husband and Wife Employment

This investigation examines employees' perceptions of paired employees-dual-career couples who work for the same organization. It examines the effects of individual differences (spouse employment s...
Novel Insights into the Mechanism of Inhibition of MmpL3, a Target of Multiple Pharmacophores in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

MmpL3, a resistance-nodulation-division (RND) superfamily transporter, has been implicated in the formation of the outer membrane of Mycobacterium tuberculosis; specifically, MmpL3 is required for the export of mycolic acids in the form of trehalose monomycolates (TMM) to the periplasmic space or outer membrane of M. tuberculosis. Recently, seven series of inhibitors identified by whole-cell screening against M. tuberculosis, including the antituberculosis drug candidate SQ109, were shown to abolish MmpL3-mediated TMM export. However, this mode of action was brought into question by the broad-spectrum activities of some of these inhibitors against a variety of bacterial and fungal pathogens that do not synthesize mycolic acids. This observation, coupled with the ability of three of these classes of inhibitors to kill nonreplicating M. tuberculosis bacilli, led us to investigate alternative mechanisms of action. Our results indicate that the inhibitory effects of adamantyl ureas, indolecarboxamides, tetrahydropyrazolopyrimidines, and the 1,5-diarylpyrrole BM212 on the transport activity of MmpL3 in actively replicating M. tuberculosis bacilli are, like that of SQ109, most likely due to their ability to dissipate the transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient. In addition to providing novel insights into the modes of action of compounds reported to inhibit MmpL3, our results provide the first explanation for the large number of pharmacophores that apparently target this essential inner membrane transporter.
A Critical Realist Orientation to Learner Needs.

The objective of this essay is to propose critical realism as a philosophical middle way between two sets of ontological, epistemological, and methodological assumptions regarding learner needs. Key concepts of critical realism, a tradition in the philosophy of science, are introduced and applied toward an analysis of learner needs, resulting in novel ontological and epistemological assertions about learner needs. Retroduction is offered as a methodology for interrogating needs as a function of broad and complex social processes.
When, why, and how do powerholders “feel the power”? Examining the links between structural and psychological power and reviving the connection between power and responsibility

Abstract Recent research in social psychology has examined how psychological power affects organizational behaviors. Given that power in organizations is generally viewed as a structural construct, I examine the links between structural and psychological power and explore how their interrelationships affect organizational behavior. I argue that psychological power takes two forms: the (nonconscious) cognitive network for power and the conscious sense of power. Based on this view, I identify two causal pathways that link psychological power and structural power in predicting organizational behavior. First, the sense of power is likely to induce a sense of responsibility among (but not exclusively among) structural powerholders, which in turn leads structural powerholders to be more responsive to the views and needs of others. Second, the sense of power, when brought into conscious awareness, activates a non-conscious association between power and agentic behaviors, which in turn leads structural powerholders to enact agentic behaviors. I discuss the ways in which these predictions diverge from previous theorizing, and I address methodological challenges in examining the relationship between structural and psychological power. In doing so, I suggest that certain features of the predominant methodological approaches to studying psychological power may have induced a bias in the empirical findings that obscures the crucial link between power and responsibility.
Role of estrogen receptor-α in pharmacogenetics of estrogen action

Purpose of reviewTo summarize recent data regarding the role of estrogen receptor-α polymorphisms in determining the response to estrogen therapy or the risk of clinical cardiovascular events.Recent findingsRecent clinical trials of hormone replacement therapy for cardiovascular disease have yielded
Density-Functional Study of the La2Zr2O7 (001) and (011) Surfaces and Bulk

Lanthanum zirconate (La2Zr2O7, LZ)-based compounds are of interest for their catalytic activity. Accordingly, the low index (001) and (011) surfaces of LZ are studied at the level of density-functional theory, representing the first theoretical attempt to characterize the surfaces of this compound. All possible surface terminations of the (001) and (011) surfaces formed by cleaving a perfect crystal are considered. These surfaces are termed ideal. In addition, judiciously chosen defective (001) and (011) surfaces are examined. The expression for the free energy of a LZ surface is derived, and it is a function only of temperature and oxygen gas partial pressure for all surfaces considered. Both surface energies and surface free energies are computed. A defective (001) surface is shown to be thermodynamically preferred to any ideal (001) surface over a wide range of temperatures and oxygen gas partial pressures. Thus, the first evidence is provided for a (001) surface that is defective or otherwise not idea...
Anthicus postsignatus and Similar Species in Southern South America (Coleoptera: Anthicidae)

Four new species are described, namely, Anthicus frugalis from Argentina; A. golbachi from Bolivia, N. Argentina, and probably S. Peru; A. platensis from Argentina, and A. torquatus from Argentina and Chile. Two species are redescribed: A. postsignatus Pic (= A. p . vars. subnebulosus Pic and vianai Pic) and A. innotatipennis Pic (= A. postsignatus var. innotatipennis Pic, = A. p . var. insignatipennis Pic). The male genitalia are figured for all the species.
Screening Marker Genotypes with Elite Combining Ability for Yield Traits in Parents of Hybrid Japonica Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

The area of japonica rice planted annually is 8 280 000 ha and accounts for 27% of total rice area in China.The area planting japonica hybrid rice is only 3% of the total area of japonica rice.The major reason for this situation is that competitive heterosis of hybrid cultivar is not conspicuous in yield,compared with conventional cultivar in japonica rice.The key factor of enhancing competitive heterosis of hybrid cultivar in japonica rice is to improve combining ability of yield related traits of restorer lines.In order to improve combining ability of restorer lines more efficiently,SSR marker genotypes with elite combining ability for five traits were screened in this study,by analyzing the data of combining ability and SSR markers in six CMS lines and twelve restorer lines that were genotyped using 115 pairs of SSR primers.Combining ability of the 18 parental lines was analyzed for daily yield per plant(DYP),panicles per plant(PP),total spikelets per panicle(TSP),filled spikelets per panicle(FSP) and 1000-grain weight(1000-GW),using the data of 72 F1s made with NC II genetic design.Results showed that twenty SSR marker genotypes were significantly associated with combining ability of the five traits.Among them,eight for only one trait,six for two traits,four for three traits and two for four traits.Marker genotypes associated with combining ability of multiple traits increased or decreased trait value of F1.RM152-165/170 was a marker genotype of elite combining ability for PP and DYP with the maximum increasing effect,which increased 20.6% of DYP and 12.7% of PP in F1 respectively.Those marker genotypes with increasing effect could be directly used to improve combining ability of restorer lines through the marker-assistant selection.
Multichannel cochlear implantation with percutaneous pedestal

In a prospective study by Cohen et al, the superiority of multichannel cochlear implant patient performance over single-channel cochlear implant performance was demonstrated. The Ineraid system described in this paper includes a percutaneous pedestal which has had a satisfactory patient experience. Only one pedestal removal has been necessary because of specific pedestal problems. Other less serious pedestal problems decrease in frequency with increasing time post-implantation. The auditory performance indicates significant communication skills improvement in patients with multichannel cochlear implants.