cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fibula Free Flap Reconstruction of the Maxilla Leading to Extracapsular Ankylosis of the Mandible.

Abstract After en bloc resection of the maxilla or mandible, surgeons may choose to replace the missing bone and soft tissue with a fibula free flap (FFF). One of the complications that may arise during the healing of a FFF is heterotopic ossification along the free flap pedicle. Heterotopic ossification is most often noted incidentally on post-operative radiographs and rarely creates a functional deficit. Subperiosteal dissection of the pedicle from the bone during the harvest of the FFF is believed to be the main contributing factor that leads to this formation of bone along the flap soft tissue. Pain or limitation of movement of the jaws, depending upon where heterotopic bone forms are related functional issues. Changes in facial appearance due to expansion related to this phenomenon of bone deposition may also occur. This paper presents a patient that developed a functional deficit secondary to heterotopic ossification of a FFF that required surgical intervention The goal of our surgery was to maintain the blood supply to a vascularized flap while removing the heterotopic bone. We will present the unique aspects of planning this challenging surgery: Case A 40-year-old man with a history of right posterior maxillary ameloblastoma underwent a hemi-maxillectomy with fibula free flap reconstruction. The patient developed extracapsular heterotopic bone ankylosis beginning 2 months postoperatively developing severe trismus and required surgical intervention. Radiographic imaging revealed extensive heterotopic ossification of the vascular pedicle that extended from the most proximal positioned end of the fibula to the inferior lateral border of the mandible. A radiographic CT with contrast imaging revealed an intact vascular pedicle with surrounding heterotopic bone. Virtual planning and stereolithic modeling were utilized to plan the heterotopic bone removal. In the operating room, we removed the heterotopic bone in small segments according to the virtual plan to avoid injuring the vascular pedicle. A coronoidectomy was also performed to help gain more range of motion. An adipofascial flap using the buccal fat pad was raised into the area of defect to prevent future recurrence. The patient was put on a strict physical therapy regimen to help regain his range of motion. Conclusion Heterotopic ossifications along free flap pedicles are a known complication of the FFF. A conservative management approach should be used since most postoperative patients will be asymptomatic and findings are incidental on post-op imaging. Surgery should be reserved for symptomatic patients. Heterotopic ossification needs to be considered as a differential in a microvascular reconstruction postoperative patient when the patient presents with a slow onset of facial swelling, neck mass, or trismus. Virtual planning is an essential tool in the surgeon’s planning armamentarium dependent upon the timing of the procedure so that the vascular integrity of the flap can be protected after the initial anastomosis.
Recent advances in evolutionary optimization techniques in applied electromagnetics

This presentation will focus on: (a) a tutorial introduction to GA, PSO and CMA-ES by describing in a novel fashion the underlying concepts and recent advances for those who have used these techniques and for those who have not had any experiences in these areas, (b) a unique approach in performing fundamental comparative studies among these algorithms, (c) demonstration of the potential applications of these algorithms to a variety of electromagnetic and antenna designs, and (d) assessment of the advantages and the limitations of these techniques.
“Yet there’s method in his madness …”: Dimensions of deception and dangerousness

Undiagnosed malingering (symptom overreporting or fabrication) can endanger mental health staff. This review paper presents a systematic and empirically based framework to assess symptom overreporting and violence potential. The first half reviews three models of malingering and their implications for violence potential. The first model proposes that people who malinger are attempting to cope with major mental disorders or organic deficits. The violence potential of these often overlooked disorders is explained. The second model describes how some people with character disorders overreport psychological symptoms and use violence to manage interpersonal relationships. The third model proposes that people who malinger are attempting to get their needs met in complex situations. Mishandling these often desperate people can result in a dangerous situation. The second half of this article focuses on conducting evaluations with potential malingerers, including ethical issues, assessment techniques, and treatment recommendations. Public policy implications are also addressed.
Commitment to change: Profiles of commitment and in‐role performance

Organisational commitment is a desired outcome of human resource management (HRM) strategies given its links to positive attitudes and behaviour in the pursuit of change. The organisation, however, is just one of several foci for employee commitment and this paper explores the links between multiple commitments and employee behaviour. Cluster analysis of data from public accountants identified four main commitment profiles. Private sector accountants also showed profiles 1 and 4 together with a cluster showing commitment to the work group only and a cluster showing commitment to the supervisor only. Profiles explained variation in behaviour aimed at task achievement and innovation for public but not private accountants. Behaviour was highest for profile 1. HRM strategies need to look beyond organisational commitment and engender commitment to other foci in order to win the behaviour required to support successful change programmes.
Natural logic and semantics

Two of the main motivations for logic and (model-theoretic) semantics overlap in the sense that both subjects are concerned with representing features of natural language meaning and inference. At the same time, the two subjects have other motivations and so are largely separate enterprises. This paper returns to the topic of language and logic, presenting to semanticists natural logic, the study of logics for reasoning with sentences close to their surface form. My goal is to show that the subject already has some results that natural language semanticists might find interesting. At the same time it leads to problems and perspectives that I hope will interest the community. One leading idea is that the target logics for translations should have a decidable validity problem, ruling out first-order logic. I also will present a fairly new result based on the transitivity of comparative adjective phrases that suggests that in addition to 'meaning postulates' in semantics, we will also need to posit 'proof principles'.
Economic Incentives for Information Agents

A fundamental barrier to the successful deployment of largescale information agent systems is a lack of proper incentives. Why should my agent provide an information service or good to your agent? Along with my colleagues in the Information Economies group at IBM Research, I believe that the best way to encourage agents to serve one another’s needs is to give them economic incentives. This simple tenet has profound implications, not just for information agents, but for the entire future of electronic commerce. We foresee a future in which billions of economically-motivated software agents buy, refine and sell information goods and services, forming highly adaptive, ephemeral supply webs that may ultimately constitute a large fraction of the global economy. Through the use of two simple examples, I motivate the importance of economic incentives and illustrate some behavior that may be exhibited by markets in which economic software agents participate.
Metabolic syndrome after a liver transplantation in an Asian population.

Background With improvements in patient survival after a liver transplantation (LT), long-term sequelae such as metabolic syndrome (MS) have become increasingly common. This study aims to characterize the prevalence, associations and long-term outcomes of post-LTMS and its components in an Asian population.
Functional analysis of the Cdk7/cyclin H/Mat1 complex in mouse embryonic stem cells and embryos

The trimeric Cdk7·cyclin H·Mat1 complex functions in cell cycle regulation, as the Cdk-activating kinase, and in transcription, as a module of the general transcription factor TFIIH. As a component of TFIIH, Cdk7 phosphorylates serines 5 and 7 of the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II and can also directly phosphorylate transcription factors to regulate gene expression. Here we have investigated the function of the Cdk7·cyclin H·Mat1 complex in murine embryonic stem (ES) cells and preimplantation embryos to determine whether it regulates the unique cell cycle structure and transcriptional network of pluripotent cells. We demonstrate that depletion of cyclin H leads to differentiation of ES cells independent of changes in cell cycle progression. In contrast, we observed that developmental genes are acutely up-regulated after cyclin H down-regulation, likely perturbing normal ES self-renewal pathways. We further demonstrate that Spt5, a known phosphorylation target of Cdk7, similarly regulates ES pluripotency and gene expression. Consistent with its function in ES cells, cyclin H depletion from mouse embryos also leads to defects in the expansion of the inner cell mass of blastocysts, a transient pluripotent stem cell population in vivo. Our findings indicate that cyclin H has an essential function in promoting the self-renewal of the pluripotent stem cells of blastocyst stage embryos. Collectively, these studies demonstrate a critical and novel role for cyclin H in maintaining ES cell identity and suggest that cyclin H has important functions in early embryonic development.
Mode of inheritance of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: a reanalysis

Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL +/- P) is traditionally recognized as a multifactorial threshold trait (MFT). Recently, however, evidence for the involvement of a major gene in the etiology of CL +/- P has been reported. To assess the potential for major-gene involvement in the etiology of this trait, familial recurrence patterns from several family studies of CL +/- P were reanalyzed. The recurrence patterns in first-degree relatives of CL +/- P probands were found to be compatible with the expectations for either an MFT or a generalized single-major-locus (gSML) trait. The use of multiple thresholds based on proband sex, defect bilaterality, or palatal involvement did not help to discriminate between these models. However, the pattern of recurrence among MZ twins and more remote relatives of CL +/- P probands is not consistent with gSML inheritance but is compatible with either an MFT model or a model specifying multiple interacting loci. For such a model, no single locus can account for more than a sixfold increase in risk to first-degree relatives. These findings have important implications with regard to the feasibility of detecting linkage to loci conferring susceptibility to CL +/- P.
High‐Pressure NMR: Techniques

While temperature control of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments is routine, high-pressure NMR is traditionally a specialized area. The methods of high-pressure NMR are summarized, including single glass capillaries, the folded capillary, and single-crystal sapphire tubes. At higher pressures, the metallic pressure vessel, anvil press, and diamond anvil cell are compared. These methods differ widely in terms of the sample volume, access to the sample, pressure uniformity, and ease of operation. Keywords: high pressure; diamond anvil; anvil; compression; pressure vessel; sapphire; capillary; floating piston
Best Self Visualization Method With High‐Risk Youth

The healing process of the Best Self Visualization Method (BSM) is described within the framework of meditation, neuroscience, and psychodynamic theory. Cases are drawn from the treatment of high-risk youth, who have histories of poverty, survival of sexual and physical abuse, and/or current risk for perpetrating abuse. Clinical use of BSM is demonstrated in two case illustrations, one of group psychotherapy and another of individual therapy.
STAP performance on a Paragon/sup TM//Touchstone system

Honeywell's Embedded Touchstone and Rugged Touchstone systems are COTS-based, hardware equivalent and software compatible manifestations of the Intel Paragon XP/S Supercomputing System. The Paragon/sup TM//Touchstone system is a robust, massively parallel processing architecture capable of supporting a wide range of implementation paradigms for DoD, DoE, and NASA applications. All applications, but airborne and space-based applications in particular can benefit from the highest possible execution efficiency because execution efficiency cost. This paper describes the performance obtained from the implementation of several STAP (space-time adaptive processing) benchmarks and the Real-Time Multi-Channel Airborne Radar Measurements (RTMCARM) application on Paragon/sup TM//Touchstone processing systems using a high level, data parallel, data flow approach. Demonstrated performance is discussed in terms of end-to-end latency, speedup, high sustained throughput, high sustained implementation efficiency, high compute resource utilization efficiency, scalability, software portability and software productivity improvement using Honeywell's configurator and data flow shell tools.
Developmental enhancers revealed by extensive DNA methylome maps of zebrafish early embryos

DNA methylation undergoes dynamic changes during development and cell differentiation. Recent genome-wide studies discovered that tissue-specific differentially methylated regions (DMRs) often overlap tissue-specific distal cis-regulatory elements. However, developmental DNA methylation dynamics of the majority of the genomic CpGs outside gene promoters and CpG islands has not been extensively characterized. Here, we generate and compare comprehensive DNA methylome maps of zebrafish developing embryos. From these maps, we identify thousands of developmental stage-specific DMRs (dsDMRs) across zebrafish developmental stages. The dsDMRs contain evolutionarily conserved sequences, are associated with developmental genes and are marked with active enhancer histone posttranslational modifications. Their methylation pattern correlates much stronger than promoter methylation with expression of putative target genes. When tested in vivo using a transgenic zebrafish assay, 20 out of 20 selected candidate dsDMRs exhibit functional enhancer activities. Our data suggest that developmental enhancers are a major target of DNA methylation changes during embryogenesis.
Application of detectability in the use of indicator species: A case study with birds

The use of indicator species is popular in ecological monitoring and management. In recent years, new methods to improve the quality and application of indicator data have been proposed and developed. Here we propose the use of detection probability in the selection and application of indicator species. We evaluated environmental and observer factors believed to affect detection of potential species. Observer effects were the most evident factor and may necessitate the greatest consideration in the use of indicator species. Our results call attention to the fact that raw counts are far from accurate and that the use of detection probability can and should be incorporated into sampling protocols, species selection, and the allocation of effort for projects that use indicator species as part of monitoring and management programs.
Soil Surveys — Their Value and Use to Communities in Massachusetts

For many decades, the study and mapping of soils in Massachusetts has primarily been related to farming with little or no attention given to other uses. About 1960 important changes in the use of soil surveys occurred in the state. Planners and communities drastically increased their demand for soil surveys and, particularly, for nonagricultural soil interpretations. Towns and cities have contributed $1/2 million since 1962 to accelerate soil surveys and have received special soil reports for operational planning. They have saved millions of dollars through the use of soil survey information. A number of examples are cited indicating the use and value of soil data to planners and communities.
Incidence of myocardial infarction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

At autopsy, 62 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) showed significantly lower morbidity (P < 0.001) and mortality (P < 0.02) from myocardial infarction than 62 matched control patients, but there were no significant differences in frequency of cerebral infarction or pulmonary embolism. Coronary artery atherosclerosis occurred as frequently in the patients with RA as in the control population, suggesting that there may be a decreased tendency toward thrombosis in the rheumatoid group. Therapy with aspirin and the consequent inhibition of platelet aggregation may explain this observation.
A combination of linear and slot antennas for quasi-isotropic coverage

The combination of a linear antenna and slot antenna can be used to provide a relatively isotropic radiation pattern when the dipole is perpendicular to the plane of the slot. The theoretical far-field radiation pattern of a dipole flanked by a two-element array of slot antennas is formulated. The fields for two different phasings between the elements of the combination antenna are calculated and the degree of approximation to an isotropic source in the sense of the total field noted. An experimental antenna was fabricated and the radiated fields measured with good agreement found with the theoretical formulas.
Investigation of supersonic underexpanded jets using adaptive unstructured finite elements

Abstract Weakly and strongly underexpanded, axisymmetric, supersonic jets are studied using unstructured, triangular finite elements. A point-implicit method with an approximate Riemann solver is utilized. These jets pose computational difficulties due to the considerable velocity gradients within their shear layers as well as the rich wave structure of their cores. A fully automatic triangular-mesh generator is implemented with the capability to adapt to the local scales of the flow and stretch in the direction normal to the local gradients. An error indicator, based on a combination of the true error estimate with the solution gradients is used. This indicator provides excellent resolution of discontinuities on modestly-refined grids. An eigenvalue filtering procedure is incorporated to allow for a more equitable distribution of the fine-mesh spacing. Mildly and strongly underexpanded jets are studied using the compressible Euler equations. The simulation results are compared with physics, as well as solutions other simulation methods. Some caveats regarding the validity of the solutions are raised.
Designerly ≠ Readerly: Re-assessing Multimodal and New Media Rubrics for Use in Writing Studies

In this article, I draw on Gunther Kress and Theo van Leeuwen's (2001) Multimodal Discourse: The Modes and Media of Contemporary Communication and Lev Manovich's (2001) The Language of New Media, w...
Coalitional Approach: An Analysis of Mexico's Political Change

The dynamics of Mexican electoral competition provide a unique opportunity to compare policies undertaken during the seven-decade-old one-party system with multi-party policies. I test empirically whether the incumbents’ one-party policy choices change with three parties competing for office. I find that incumbents undertook the same policies before and after the institutional change, but there is a lower level of registered and perceived government corruption during the multi-party years.
Synthesizing Related Rules from Statutes and Cases for Legal Expert Systems

. Different legal expert systems may be incompatible with each other: A user in characterizing the same situation by answering the questions presented in a consultation can be led to contradictory inferences. Such systems can be “synthesized” to help users avoid such contradictions by alerting them that other relevant systems are available to be consulted as they are responding to questions. An example of potentially incompatible, related legal expert systems is presented here - ones for the New Jersey murder statute and the celebrated Quinlan case, along with one way of synthesizing them to avoid such incompatibility.
A −32dBm sensitivity RF power harvester in 130nm CMOS

This paper discusses a RF power harvester optimized for sensitivity and therefore wireless range, for applications requiring intermittent communication. The RF power harvester produces a 1V output at −32dBm sensitivity and 915MHz. This is achieved using a CMOS rectifier operating in the subthreshold region and an off-chip impedance matching network for boosting the received voltage. Equations predicting the rectifier performance are presented and verified through measurements of multiple rectifiers using different transistors in a 130nm CMOS process.
Age-Related Differences in Activation-Performance Relations in Delayed-Response Tasks: a Multiple Component Analysis

We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity while younger and older adults performed an item-recognition task in which the memory-set size varied between 1 and 8 letters. Each trial was composed of a 4-sec encoding period in which subjects viewed random letter strings, a 12-sec retention period and a 2-sec retrieval period in which subjects decided whether a single probe letter was or was not part of the memory set. For both groups, reaction-time (RT) increased and accuracy decreased with increasing memory set-size. Analyses of individual subjects' performance and cortical activity indicated that speed and accuracy accounted for variance in different task periods in dorsal and ventral PFC. Age-related differences in accuracy-activation relations were observed in dorsal PFC during encoding and ventral PFC during maintenance. Age-related differences in RT-activation relations were observed in dorsal PFC during retrieval. These results and additional fMRI data we have collected during performance of a speeded processing task, directly support a model of cognitive slowing in which processing rate is related to neural efficiency.
Spinal neurons which project to the periaqueductal gray and the medullary reticular formation via axon collaterals: a double-label fluorescence study in the rat

Fluorescent retrograde double-labeling methods were used in which Fast blue and Nuclear yellow or Diamidino yellow dihydrochloride were injected into the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) and medullary reticular formation (MRF). Double-labeled neurons were most frequently observed in the lateral part of lamina V, in laminae VII, VIII and X and in the lateral cervical and lateral spinal nuclei. The data demonstrate that some spinal neurons project to both the PAG and the MRF via axon collaterals.
Cytochromes in bovine liver nuclear membranes

Abstract Cytochrome a,a3 has been detected in highly purified nuclear membrane preparations. Nuclear membranes resemble microsomal membranes in cytochrome b5 content but differ by the absence of the microsomal cytochrome P-450. Cytochrome a,a3 content in nuclear membranes is 30% that of mitochondria, and cytochrome b5 content is 33% of control microsomes.
The prolonged exposure of Japanese quail to carbaryl and its effects on growth and reproductive parameters

Carbaryl fed to Japanese quail over a 14 week period resulted in decreased body weight, increased relative brain, liver and kidney weights in one or both sexes at levels of 900 ppm or higher. Significant differences were not found in the F1 birds at the same levels after 6 weeks. It appears that the time of exposure is critical and that parental diet is not. There were no significant differences in egg production, hatchability or fertility although trends toward reduction of these parameters were developing at the 900 and 1200 ppm levels.
Low-frequency electromagnetic methods for planetary subsurface exploration

Electromagnetic (EM) sounding of the Earth has been used for decades for science and resource exploration, but has seen limited planetary application. The inductive foundation of low-frequency electromagnetics has much greater investigation depth than surface-penetrating radar, at the expense of poorer resolution. Ambient EM energy from the solar wind, ionosphere, magnetosphere, or lightning provides natural sources for deep sounding, and can be measured using simple magnetometers and/or electrometers. Artificial sources (transmitters) yield higher SNR in shallower investigations. Planetary applications include crust and mantle structure, temperature, and composition, characterization of groundwater or interior oceans, mapping of shallow ice deposits, and potentially even detection of extant biosignatures.
Hla–drb1 alleles in polymyalgia rheumatica, giant cell arteritis, and rheumatoid arthritis

Objective. Immunogenetic analysis has demonstrated that giant cell arteritis (GCA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are associated with 2 different domains of the HLA–DR4 molecule. The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) immunogenetically resembles GCA or RA and to determine whether expression of HLA-DRB1 alleles can be used to detect heterogeneity among PMR patients. Methods. Forty-six patients with PMR, 52 with GCA, 122 with seropositive RA, and 72 normal individuals were genotyped for HLA-DRB1 alleles by allele-specific amplification and subsequent oligonucleotide hybridization. Results. The HLA-DRB1*04 allele was the most frequent among PMR patients (67%). While the expression of allelic variants of the HLA-DR4 family was restricted to HLA-DRB1*0401 and *0404/8 in RA patients, all HLA–DRB1*04 alleles, including B1*0402 and B1*0403, were represented in the PMR group. The distribution of HLA–DRB1 alleles among HLA–DRB1*04 negative patients was similar in those with PMR and those with GCA, and could be distinguished from that in RA patients. In particular, HLA–DRB1*01 alleles, which were found in most HLA–DRB1*04 negative RA patients, were underrepresented in patients with PMR and GCA. Conclusion. The distribution of HLA–DRB1 alleles in PMR resembles that found in GCA. PMR and GCA share the associated sequence polymorphism encoded by the second hypervariable region (HVR) of the HLA–DRB1 gene. The HLA–DRB1 association of PMR and GCA can be distinguished from that of RA, which is linked to a sequence motif in the third HVR of DRB1 alleles. The differential role of distinct domains on HLA-DR molecules suggests that multiple biologic functions are regulated by these molecules and that they contribute differently to disease mechanisms. The similarities in the distribution of HLA–DRB1 alleles in PMR and GCA indicates that HLA–DRB1 alleles are not predictive for progression of PMR to the vasculitic lesions that are pathognomonic for GCA.
SU-E-T-248: Near Real-Time Analysis of Radiation Delivery and Imaging, Accuracy to Ensure Patient Safety

Purpose: To develop and optimize an effective software method for comparing planned to delivered control point machine parameters for all VARIAN TrueBeam treatments so as to permit (1) assessment of a large patient pool throughout their treatment course to quantify treatment technique specific systematic and random uncertainty of observables, (2) quantify the site specific daily imaging shifts required for target alignment, and (3) define tolerance levels for mechanical parameters and imaging parameters based on statistical analysis data gathered, and the dosimetric impact of variations. Methods: Treatment and imaging log files were directly compared to plan parameters for Eclipse and Pinnacle planned treatments via 3D, IMRT, control point, RapidArc, and electrons. Each control point from all beams/arcs (7984) for all fractions (1940) of all patients treated over six months were analyzed. At each control point gantry angle, collimator angle, couch angle, jaw positions, MLC positions, MU were compared. Additionally per-treatment isocenter shifts were calculated. Results were analyzed as a whole in treatment type subsets: IMRT, 3D, RapidArc; and in treatment site subsets: brain, chest/mediastinum, esophagus, H and N, lung, pelvis, prostate. Results: Daily imaging isocenter shifts from initial external tattoo alignment were dependent on the treatment site with < 0.5 cmmore » translational shifts for H and N, Brain, and lung SBRT, while pelvis, esophagus shifts were ∼1 cm. Mechanical delivery parameters were within tolerance levels for all sub-beams. The largest variations were for RapidArc plans: gantry angle 0.11±0.12,collimator angle 0.00±0.00, jaw positions 0.48±0.26, MLC leaf positions 0.66±0.08, MU 0.14±0.34. Conclusion: Per-control point validation reveals deviations between planned and delivered parameters. If used in a near real-time error checking system, patient safety can be improved by equipping the treatment delivery system with additional forcing functions which by-pass human error avenues.« less
Development and Future of Gastroplasties for Morbid Obesity

Gastroplasty was originally developed to simplify gastric reduction operations for the treatment of obesity and thereby avoid complications peculiar to bypasses. Lessons learnedfromgastricbypassaboutpouchandoutletsizeincreasedinimportancewith gastroplasty. An extensive literature exists that requires careful reading to understand the technical causes of excessively high reoperation rates. Much of the recent decline in the use of gastroplasty followed efforts to increase weight loss by obstructing the outlet, only to increasestaple-linebreakdownandtocausecollarmigrationintothelumen.Withadherencetotested technique, vertical gastroplasty can benefit most patients with morbid obesity and should be more frequently used. Gastroplasty may increase in popularity as the medical profession is confronted with an increasing need for long-term medical care following gastric bypass. This article is a brief review of experience that is a necessary guide to future success with gastroplasty.
The Standard Sequence and the Non-Traditional Methodologies

Several non-traditional methodologies have existed on the fringes of the profession for almost two decades. Of late, however, these approaches are receiving a great deal of attention, motivated, in large part, by the impetus toward proficiency testing and the research findings in second language acquisition. While the professional literature is featuring more and more descriptive articles on the non-traditional methodologies, either individually or collectively, what is needed is an assessment of how these methodologies address four major concerns in the profession today: 1) the provision of as stress-free a learning environment as possible; 2) the emerging role of silence in foreign language learning and teaching; 3) the role of grammar; and 4) the development of students' speaking skills. In the process of analyzing some of the salient features of the non-traditional methodologies and postulating how teachers can utilize their handling of the four concerns identified, what emerges is some perspective as to what the impact of the non-traditional methodologies upon the standard sequence can and should be.
Static Seal for Low-Temperature Fluids

A discussion of problems associated with sealing lowtemperature fluids such as liquid oxygen at moderately high pressures is presented. A static seal of the self-sealing type employing a rubber gasket and using a drop in temperature to produce gasket stresses is described which effectively overcomes difficulties previously encountered. An approximate design equation is developed and some low-temperature properties of rubber are discussed.
A Versatile Multi-Channel Data Acquisition System for Seismic and Acoustic Applications

Versatility and reliability were key factors in the the design of a minicomputer based digital data acquisition system. Used both at sea and on the polar ice with excellent results, it has been adapted to tasks ranging from at-sea continuous seismic profiling to low level acoustic transmission experiments. Of particular interest is a floating point amplifier utilizing a unique gain switching method developed to permit simultaneous sampling of multiple channels up to a 1 kHz signal bandwidth. Other features include continuous or intermittent recording in a time demultiplexed format, floating point normalization hardware, sampling times traceable to absolute time, and real-time video display of selected data channels. The system can be used for analysis and processing when not in the acquisition mode.
Regression approach to tire reliability analysis

Abstract The paper considers an empirical approach to the root-cause analysis of a certain kind of automobile tire failure. Tire life data are obtained from a laboratory test, which is developed to duplicate field failures. A number of parameters related to tire geometry and physical properties are selected as explanatory variables that potentially affect a tire's life on test. Analysis of the life test data is performed via the Cox survival regression model. The paper also elaborates on the application of an ordinary (non-survival) linear regression to modeling the failure initiation and propagation. The developed statistical models help to identify the elements of tire design affecting the probability of tire failure due to the failure mode in question.
Perception and motor activity: reality is always virtual

We differentiate a cognitive branch of the visual system from a sensorimotor branch with the Roelofs, effect, a perception that a target's position is biased in the direction opposite the offset of a surrounding frame. Previous research left the possibility that accurate motor responses to a perceptually mislocated target might be mediated by oculomotor fixation of the target. Subjects performed judging and jabbing tasks to probe cognitive and motor system representations respectively while engaging in a saccadic task that prevented fixation of the target. Three experiments with an oculomotor distractor task evaluated judging and jabbing responses to the target. Three experiments did not show a Roelofs effect in spite of the prevention of fixation on the target. Motor response did not show a Roelofs effect in spite of the prevention of fixation on the target. Further, a decision about which of two targets to jab does not result in cognitive-system information affect motor response. The Roelofs effect was presented, however, in judging trials that also involved the saccadic task.
Interstitial deletion of chromosome 5, del(5q), in a newborn with Down syndrome and an unusual hematologic disorder

A newborn with Down syndrome was noted on the 1st day of life to have an elevated white blood cell count of 79,900/mm3 with 62% lymphoblasts and a platelet count of 61,000/mm3, consistent with either transient myeloproliferative disorder of Down syndrome (TMD) or acute leukemia. Karyotype analysis of a bone marrow aspirate revealed that 20% of the cells had a 47,XY, +21 karyotype, and 80% had a 47,XY, +21, del(5)(q13q31) complement. Cytochemical and immunophenotyping of the peripheral blasts were consistent with the presence of an acute undifferentiated precursor blast clone. Results of clonogenic assays of hematopoietic progenitors from this patient's bone marrow were similar to those of patients with TMD. This patient's hematologic abnormalities resolved spontaneously without treatment by week 10 of life. This is the first report of an interstitial deletion of 5q associated with a hematologic abnormality present in an infant at birth.
Moho in the Archean Minnesota gneiss terrane: Fossil, alteration, or layered intrusion?

A seismic survey in the Archean Minnesota gneiss terrane (3.6-3.8 Ga) imaged a seismically variable, discontinuous Moho at both vertical incidence and wide angles. The wide-angle data show the gneiss terrane crust to be thick (49 km) with a high average velocity (6.8 km/s). The vertical-incidence data show a sharp, 10-km-long Moho-depth (Fresnel zone radius = 2.8 km) reflection that disappears laterally, and data analysis suggests a 1 km Moho zone with 100-m-thick internal layering. Changes in the signal/noise ratio across the survey or energy losses from reflectors within the crust do not affect the variability in the reflection Moho; therefore, the reflection discontinuity is a geologic feature, and lateral structural variation of the Moho occurs over short (tens of kilometres) distances. Possible interpretations of the layered structure are (1) a layered intrusion, (2) localized alteration to eclogite by intrusion of fluids along shear zones or zones of weakness, or (3) fossil granulite-facies structures preserved within an eclogitized lower crust. A thin gradient, or thin layered zone with small impedance contrasts, or an abrupt velocity change are possible models for the regional Moho. The Moho shows considerable lateral structural variation within an early Archean high-grade terrane.
'Harmonious sensations of sound by means of colors': Vernacular colour abstractions in silent cinema

This essay deals with popular experiments with synaesthesia in silent cinema. In 1896, for example, C. Francis Jenkins, an inventor of one of the earliest film projectors, discussed the cinema's potential to enchant an audience with abstract, chromatic effects. Over the next two years, he developed this idea further by projecting alternating tinted strips of film in a professed attempt to evoke through colour the sensations of sound. Similarly, at the end of the 1920s, Loyd Jones, a Kodak technician, developed the Sonochrome line of pre-tinted filmstocks, which proposed a synaesthetic correspondance among the colours of the tints, sounds, and the emotions of an audience. During this same period Jones also invented a kaleidoscopic lens attachment for film projectors meant to create abstract 'mobile colour effects'. These various experiments will be situated in relation to early, modernist abstraction exemplified by the works of artists such as Kandinsky, Scriabin, and Survage.
Sequential digital filters for fast detection of targets in FLIR image data

This paper revisits the applications of CFAR and morphological techniques to the problem of FLIR ATR. For many years, both morphology and CFAR approaches have been researched and tested in various automatic target recognition applications. However, detecting targets accurately and efficiently with a minimal false alarm presence continues to be a problem. The morphology based algorithm introduced in this paper employs closing and opening operations in parallel and subtracts the output from the original image to remove clutter that is larger than the target. The CFAR detector algorithm extracts targets by adaptively thresholding the input image at levels proportional to the local background statistics. The advantages and drawbacks of each technique are discussed, as well as the performance results on multiple databases. Experimental evaluations indicate that both algorithms perform well, even for low contrast targets and high clutter environments. These algorithms demonstrate improvement on a morphological multistage technique discussed.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Heat Penetration and Bacterial Destruction in Refrigerated-Stuffed Poultry and Pork Products

Abstract Stuffed chicken, pork chops and turkey patties were purchased from a supermarket, and held 1 to 4 days at 3°C., baked, and evaluated for coliform and total counts. Stuffed chickens were also frozen at −18°C. and cooked from frozen state or thawed by different methods and then cooked. Temperatures in stuffing lagged behind temperatures in all three meats from 10 min. in turkey patties to 40 min. in chicken. After cooking to an internal meat temperature of 85°C, all samples contained low bacterial counts and no coliforms survived the cooking.
An utility-driven routing scheme for scaling multicast applications

Multicast is a common platform for supporting group communication applications, such as IPTV, multimedia content delivery, and location-based advertisements. Distributed hash table (DHT) based overlay networks such as Chord and CAN presents a popular distributed computing architecture for multicast applications. However, existing research efforts have been mostly dedicated to efficient message delivery techniques to alleviate the influence of network dynamics on geo-distance based routing, such as reducing the delivery path length or optimizing routing path by utilizing network locality. In this paper, we argue that the geo-distance based routing protocols used in existing overlay networks are inefficient in terms of both resource use and environmental accommodation for multicast applications. We devise a utility driven routing scheme to improve the routing efficiency with three unique features. First, our utility function is defined based on a careful combination of hop counts and routing path latency. Second, we use CAN-like routing as an example and extend it by utilizing shortcuts to reduce the routing path length and by introducing a utility function to combine path latency with geo-distance based metric in determining the near-optimal route for each routing request. Third and most importantly, our utility function is designed by using a tunable influence parameter to allow nodes to adaptively make the most promising routing decision according to their specific network state and circumstances, such as overlay connectivity and next hop latency. Our experimental evaluation shows that the utility-driven routing scheme is highly scalable and efficient compared to existing geo-distance based routing protocols and demonstrates that by combining shortcuts, path latency with geo-distance can effectively enhance the multicast delivery efficiency for large scale group communication applications.
China's pragmatic nationalism: Is it manageable?

China’s rise as an economic, political, and military power has been accompanied by an outburst of nationalism among its population. In his recent book, while acknowledging that China has “legitimate grievances” against Western powers, China watcher Peter Gries warns that an emotionally popular nationalism empowered by “victim narratives ... [is] beginning to influence the making of Chinese foreign policy.” 1 Sure enough, many in the West were shocked earlier this year to discover an Internet posting with more than 20 million Chinese signatures opposing Japan’s bid to join the UN Security Council. In early April 2005, thousands of Chinese protesters demonstrated in major Chinese cities, enraged over Japan’s approval of history textbooks that protestors claim whitewashed Japan’s wartime atrocities, as well as Japan’s recent pledge to help the United States defend Taiwan in the event of a Chinese attack. In May 2005, Beijing’s dramatic last-minute cancellation of a meeting between Japanese prime minister Junichiro Koizumi and Chinese vice minister Wu Yi to protest Koizumi’s contentious visits to the war-tainted Yasukuni Shrine, which serves as a memorial for Japan’s war dead, including convicted World War II criminals, plunged relations between Beijing and Tokyo to a perilous low. Whereas some observers have been cautious about exploring its limits and determining its motivations, others have decried this rise in nationalism as a reckless movement driven by China’s traditional Sino-centrism and contemporary aspirations for great-power status. Richard Bernstein and Ross Munro have previously admonished that, “[d]riven by nationalist sentiment, a yearning to redeem the humiliations of the past, and the simple
Compartment syndrome in tibial fractures.

Objectives:Compartment syndrome is a devastating complication of tibial fractures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the rate of clinically determined compartment syndrome requiring surgical intervention in tibial fractures by anatomical region and to identify the associated patient and i
Inhibition of in vitro Heme Synthesis from N15-Glycine by 2-Ethyl-5-methylbenzimidazole.∗, †

Summary2-Ethyl-5-methylbenzimidazole was found to be considerably more inhibitory than 2,5-dimethylbenzimidazole, or benzimi-dazole, for the synthesis of heme by chicken erythrocytes incubated in vitro. This was in the same relative order of inhibitory activities as was noted for multiplication of influenza A or B virus, and is considered to add further support to the concept that the same basic mechanism, possibly involving a fundamental role of nucleic acid in biosynthesis, underlies both processes.
Sodium borohydride-borane complex

Abstract Existence of a complex compound between sodium borohydride and borane in ethylene glycol ether solutions has been demonstrated, the simplest formula being NaBH 4 ·BH 3 . A solid product having approximately one mole of solvent per mole of complex has been also obtained. Attempts to obtain the complex in the absence of a solvent failed, giving an indirect implication that solvent is bound into the complex.
Removal of peroxides in polyethylene glycols by vacuum drying: Implications in the stability of biotech and pharmaceutical formulations

The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of vacuum drying for removing peroxides from polyethylene glycols (PEGs). PEG solutions (PEG 1450 and PEG 20000) containing varying levels of peroxides were prepared by storing under different light and temperature conditions. PEGs containing low and high levels of peroxides were vacuum dried from dilute and concentrated solutions (2.5%, 7.5%, 15%, and 50% wt/vol of PEG 1450 and 2.5%, 7.5%, 15%, and 25% wt/vol of PEG 20000). Ferrous ion oxidation in presence of ferric ion indicator xylenol orange (FOX) colorimetric assay was used to determine the concentration of peroxides. Peroxide content in PEGs increased upon storage. The increase was more pronounced when PEGs were stored at higher temperatures and exposed to light. Vacuum drying at 0.1 mm Hg for 48 hours at 25°C resulted in greater than 90% decrease in the level of peroxides in all cases except when high peroxide containing 25% wt/vol solution of PEG 20000 or 50% wt/vol solution of PEG 1450 were dried. The reduction in the level of peroxides for PEGs dried from high peroxide containing 25% wt/vol solution of PEG 2000 and 50% wt/vol solution of PEG 1450 was found to be 88% and 52%, respectively. Oxidation of methionine in Met-Leu-Phe peptide was significantly reduced when vacuum-dried PEGs were used. Vacuum drying PEG solutions at low pressures is an effective method for the removal of the residual peroxides present in commercially available PEGs.
Critical success factors in enterprise wide information management systems projects

In the past several years many organizations have initiated enterprise-wide information management systems projects, using such packages as SAP, Peoplesoft, and Oracle. These projects often represent the single largest investment in an information systems project in the history of these companies, and in many cases the largest single investment in any corporate-wide project. These enterprise-wide information management systems projects bring about a host of new questions. Some of these questions and issues are: . How are these projects justified? . Do firms need to change their fundamental business processes, organizational structures, and business strategies to fit the package? . What are the technical challenges associated with implementing a large-scale package such as SAP? . What is the best way to implement a large-scale package: To work through the organization unit-byunit? Or to use a cross-functional approach? . What are the critical success factors in the implementation of a large-scale package? . What are the implications of these projects for the skill and knowledge requirements of the IT workforce? This paper will provide case studies of seven organizations implementing enterprise-wide information management systems projects and will provide insight into each of these questions based upon their experiences.