cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thoracoscopic obliteration of the left atrial appendage: Potential for stroke reduction?

Background. In a review of all relevant articles describing the site of left atrial thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation, the thrombus was localized to the left atrial appendage in 43% of patients with rheumatic heart disease and in 91% of patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. This study was designed to test the feasibility of thoracoscopic obliteration of the left atrial appendage as a means of reducing thromboembolic stroke. Methods. Thoracoscopic obliteration of the left atrial appendage was undertaken in 10 dogs, 5 with staples and 5 with an endoloop. Obliteration also was attempted in 8 fresh human cadavers. Results. In all dogs, the appendage was rapidly obliterated (21.3 ± 7.6 minutes) and confirmed at euthanasia at 11 weeks. In 3 cadavers, anatomic and disease factors prevented visualization of the left atrial appendage; in 1 the appendage tore, and in the remainder the appendage was obliterated. Conclusions. Obliteration of the left atrial appendage is feasible and may be considered as an additional surgical procedure to reduce stroke. The group of patients in whom it offers the greatest potential are those with atrial fibrillation deemed ineligible for warfarin, those without atrial thrombus and with a free pericardial and pleural space.
Leading Change in the System of Scholarly Communication: A Case Study of Engaging Liaison Librarians for Outreach to Faculty

This narrative, single-case study examines how liaison librarians at the University of Minnesota (UMN) came to include advocating for reform of the scholarly communication system among their core responsibilities. While other libraries may hire a coordinator or rely on a committee to undertake outreach programs, UMN has defined baseline expertise in scholarly communication for all librarians who serve as liaisons to disciplinary faculty members. By “mainstreaming” scholarly communication duties, UMN is declaring these issues central to the profession. 1 This intrinsic study uses evidence gathered from open-ended interviews with three participants, supplemented by documentation. It explores the context of these changes, systems thinking, and new mental models.
Regulation of hepatic CYP1A isozymes by piperonyl butoxide and acenaphthylene in the mouse.

Abstract The regulation of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 isozymes by piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and acenaphthylene (ACN) was studied in the liver of male C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice. These two cytochrome P450 genes are known to be regulated by the aromatic hydrocarbon-responsive receptor (AHR); however, it has been suggested that CYP1A2 is also induced by an AHR-independent mechanism. In this study, PBO induced hepatic CYP1A1 considerably more in C57BL/6 ( Ahr b−1 ) than in DBA/2 ( Ahr d ) mice. In addition, the superinduction of CYP1A1 in wildtype hepa1c1c7 cells, which is AHR-dependent, resulted from PBO and cycloheximide treatment of the cells. In other studies in this laboratory using AHR knock-out (AHR −/− ) mice, a hybrid of 129/SV and C57BL/6 strains, no induction of CYP1A1 occurred with PBO or ACN. [D.-Y. Ryu, P.E. Levi, P. Fernandez-Salguero, F.J. Gonzalez, E. Hodgson, Mol. Pharmacol., 50 (1996) 443–446.] ACN, however, did not induce CYP1A1 under the experimental conditions used. These results suggest that PBO, but not ACN, induces CYP1A1 through a weak activation of AHR. On the other hand, hepatic CYP1A2 mRNA and hnRNA were induced by PBO in both C57BL/6 and DBA/2 strains, but were not induced by ACN, a strong inducer of CYP1A2 in the B6C3F1 strain. However, both PBO and ACN induced CYP1A2 in AHR −/− mice. It is assumed, therefore, that the transcriptional induction of CYP1A2 by PBO and ACN is AHR-independent. In addition, the induction of CYP1A2 by ACN depends upon the strain of mice. Immunohistochemical studies for CYP1A1/CYP1A2 apoproteins showed that PBO induced CYP1A1/CYP1A2 around the central veins as did 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC). The induction of CYP1A1/CYP1A2 by ACN, however, was not observed, consistent with the northern blot results.
Technique for the introduction into the atmosphere of high concentrations of electrically charged aerosol particles

Abstract Experiments have been carried out with various designs of equipment capable of producing and introducing into the atmosphere unipolar, singly charged aerosol particles in the submicron size range in concentrations of the order of 10 8 particles cm −3 . Apparatus consisting of an aerosol particle generator and an aerosol particle charger have been constructed in various sizes having outputs of electrified aerosol particles ranging from 10 to 600 μA. The perturbations in the fine weather electric potential gradient and space charge concentration produced by even the smaller generators can readily be detected several kilometers down wind. The larger space charge generating apparatus produces a sufficiently intense electric field down wind to permit demonstration of the electrical levitation of charged water droplets that it has been suggested takes place in thunderstorms.
The capabilities and limitations of conductance-based compartmental neuron models with reduced branched or unbranched morphologies and active dendrites

Conductance-based neuron models are frequently employed to study the dynamics of biological neural networks. For speed and ease of use, these models are often reduced in morphological complexity. Simplified dendritic branching structures may process inputs differently than full branching structures, however, and could thereby fail to reproduce important aspects of biological neural processing. It is not yet well understood which processing capabilities require detailed branching structures. Therefore, we analyzed the processing capabilities of full or partially branched reduced models. These models were created by collapsing the dendritic tree of a full morphological model of a globus pallidus (GP) neuron while preserving its total surface area and electrotonic length, as well as its passive and active parameters. Dendritic trees were either collapsed into single cables (unbranched models) or the full complement of branch points was preserved (branched models). Both reduction strategies allowed us to compare dynamics between all models using the same channel density settings. Full model responses to somatic inputs were generally preserved by both types of reduced model while dendritic input responses could be more closely preserved by branched than unbranched reduced models. However, features strongly influenced by local dendritic input resistance, such as active dendritic sodium spike generation and propagation, could not be accurately reproduced by any reduced model. Based on our analyses, we suggest that there are intrinsic differences in processing capabilities between unbranched and branched models. We also indicate suitable applications for different levels of reduction, including fast searches of full model parameter space.
Ligation of the Main Pulmonary Artery and Systemic-Pulmonary Arterial Anastomosis A New Palliative Operation for Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries

A new palliative operation is suggested for certain patients with transposition of the great arteries and ventricular septal defect. A systemic-pulmonary artery shunt is created, and the main pulmonary artery ligated. The operation converts transposition of the great arteries to a functional equivalent of truncus arteriosus with normal or nearly normal pulmonary blood flow, a malformation in which the functional derangement of the circulation is not as severe as it is in transposition. The hemodynamic consequences of the procedure were initially evaluated in two patients with pulmonary atresia and transposition, and both improved after shunts were created. The procedure was then carried out in a patient with transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defect, mild subpulmonic stenosis, and increased pulmonary blood flow. Postoperatively, the patient has exhibited considerable clinical improvement and significant elevation of arterial oxygen saturation.
Interaction of Ability and Motivation in Performance

Four studies are reported which attempted to replicate previous findings of significant interactions between ability and motivation in performance. In general, the previous findings were not strongly replicated, though there was some evidence that the effects of motivation on High Ability Ss are relatively greater than on Low Ability Ss. However, several significant motivation and ability effects were found for both Low Ability and Low Motivation Ss, respectively.
A survey of truncated-Newton methods

Truncated-Newton methods are a family of methods for solving large optimization problems. Over the past two decades, a solid convergence theory has been derived for the methods. In addition, many algorithmic enhancements have been developed and studied, resulting in a number of publicly available software packages. The result has been a collection of powerful, flexible, and adaptable tools for large-scale nonlinear optimization.
Eddy-current effects in slot-bound conductors

In most electrical machines, current-carrying conductors appear in slots in one or more areas. The highly permeable material into which the slots are formed focuses the magnetic field generated by current flow in the conductors. This focused field increases the resistance and decreases the inductance of the conductors as the frequency of excitation increases. Although this phenomenon has been known for approximately a century and has led to the use of individually insulated stranded conductors (e.g. Litz wire), analytic resistance and inductance expressions for multi-turn, slot-bound conductors have not been reported. These expressions are developed and analysed. It is shown that the slot resistance increases with the square of the slot depth. Experimental results are presented which confirm the trends noted in the expressions developed.
OCT-Guided Anterior Eye Surgery

Optical coherence tomography can accurately map corneal, epithelial, stromal thicknesses, and measure corneal curvatures. It’s useful in planning LASIK, calculating intraocular lens power, guiding phototherapeutic keratectomy, and managing corneal transplantations.
cDNA Cloning of a human 5 kDa FK506 and rapamycin binding protein

The abilities of FK506 and rapamycin to block distinct signal transduction pathways are mediated by soluble binding proteins. Previously, a family of these receptors has been recognized that includes a 25 kDa protein, FKBP25. We now report the isolation of a cDNA for FKBP25 from a human hippocampal cDNA library by oligonucleotide screening. The nucleotide sequence reveals an open reading frame that encodes a 224 amino acid polypeptide. Human FKBP25 shows 97% amino acid identity with bovine FKBP25 and 62% homology with human FKBP12.
Effect of Exposure Period and Algal Concentration on the Frequency of Infection of Aposymbiotic Ciliates by Symbiotic Algae from Paramecium bursaria

SYNOPSIS The effect of exposure period and concentration of algae on the frequency of infection of aposymbiotic ciliates by algae obtained from the same clone of Paramecium bursaria syngen 2, was studied. The frequency of infection was roughly proportional to the algal concentration and to the exposure time of ciliates to algae. The relationship of algal concentration to infection frequency closely fitted the Poisson distribution curve for N = 1, suggesting that the minimum number of algae required to infect a single ciliate is 1. However, the data also strongly suggested that the average number of algae required to initiate infection of an average ciliate was ˜ 1,000. Three possible resolutions of this situation are: (a) the selection by the ciliate of a rare infective variant from a heterogeneous population: (b) the rare escape of an alga from digestion by the ciliate; and (c) the requirement for a large number of algae-ciliate contacts to induce susceptibility in the ciliate. Splitting the exposure of ciliates to algae into 2 periods of 0.5 h, separated by 5 h in the absence of algae, produced a much higher frequency of infection than a single l-h exposure, supporting the suggestion that the large number of algae is required to induce susceptibility in the ciliate which can then be infected by as few as a single algal cell.
Portable blood pressure recorder. Accuracy and preliminary use in evaluating intradaily variations in pressure.

Abstract The portable blood pressure recorder described in this report offers a practical technique for determining intradaily variations in the level of pressure. The instrument is worn by the subject, enabling him to record his blood pressure at frequent intervals during the day while in his usual environment and performing his usual tasks. The readings are taken semiautomatically, and the aid of a physician or technician is not required. The subject does not know the levels recorded by the instrument. Preliminary observations on normotensive subjects showed that the portable recorder is sufficiently accurate for clinical purposes. In additional experiments, 3 subjects recorded their levels of pressure at intervals while carrying out their daily routines. The results indicated that the portable recorder provides valid data on variations in blood pressure throughout the day. Expanded studies on hypertensive patients should yield useful information for evaluating the highly variable natural history of hypertension.
Copula-opinion pooling with complex opinions

The Black–Litterman model (BL) (Black and Litterman 1992) provides a simple and transparent Bayesian framework for portfolio selection, building on the familiar mean-variance framework first presen...
Morphological adaptability at neurosecretory axonal endings on the neurovascular contact zone of the rat neurohypophysis

Abstract To compare the effects of a variety of acute and chronic stimuli that bring about or terminate hormone release the ultrastructure of nerve terminal contact at the basal lamina of the neurohypophysial neurovascular contact zone was examined quantitatively in young adult rats of the following treatment groups: untreated virgin females, untreated male rats, prepartum (day 21 of gestation), postpartum (on the day of parturition), lactating (14 days of suckling), mothers 10 days after their pups were weaned, 48 h water-deprived males, males given 2% saline solution (dehydrated) for 10 days, males given 2% saline as described then given tap water to rehydrate for 2 or 5 weeks. Morphometric analysis of electron micrographs revealed that all stimuli leading to increased hormone release were accompanied by both increased occupation of the basal lamina by nerve terminals as well as decreased enclosure of neurosecretory processes by pituicyte cytoplasm. Neural occupation of the basal lamina remained significantly elevated 10 days post-weaning and at 2 weeks (but not 5 weeks) of rehydration following 10 days of dehydration. Pituicyte enclosure of neurosecretory axons had returned to control values in the postweaning and 5 week (but not 2 week) rehydrated animals. The mean length of individual nerve terminal contact with the basal lamina was found to increase under some, but not all, conditions associated with increased hormone release (i.e. parturition, acute and chronic dehydration, but not during lactation) and to decrease below control values in prepartum females and after 5 weeks of rehydration. During lactation, in contrast, the greater neural coverage of the basal lamina was accompanied by an increased number of terminals per unit length of basal lamina without an increase in the average contact length of the individual terminal. These data provide further evidence that neurohypophysial nerve terminal contact at the basal lamina and the relationship of pituicytes to neurosecretory processes can change under physiological conditions in a manner that is probably functionally related to controlling the contact area for hormone release.
Application of statistical methods to diagnose causes of poor air-quality model performance

Abstract The application of statistical tests has been too often restricted to defining performance measures that are a necessary part of the model validation process. Toward the goal of model improvement, statistics can also be applied in a diagnostic mode that relates the differences in observed and predicted concentrations to other parameters that influence the model output. The examples presented described how diagnostic tests were used to isolate problems in an air quality simulation model using data from the St. Louis-based Regional Air Pollution Study.
Reducing Insecticide and Fungicide Loads in Runoff from Plastic Mulch with Vegetative-Covered Furrows

A common management practice for the production of fresh-market vegetables utilizes polyethylene (plastic) mulch because it increases soil temperature, decreases weed pressure, maintains soil moisture, and minimizes soil contact with the product. However, rain events afford much more erosion and runoff because 50-75% of the field is covered with an impervious surface. A plot study was conducted to compare and to quantify the off-site movement of soil, insecticides, and fungicides associated with runoff from plots planted with Sunbeam tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) using the conventional polyethylene mulch management practice vs an alternative management practice-polyethylene mulch-covered beds with cereal rye (Secale cereale) planted in the furrows between the beds. The use of cereal rye-covered furrows with the conventional polyethylene system decreased runoff volume by more than 40%, soil erosion by more than 80%, and pesticide loads by 48-74%. Results indicate that vegetative furrows are critical to minimizing the negative aspects of this management practice.
Space reactor power systems with no single point failures

Abstract Nuclear reactor power systems could revolutionize space exploration and support human outpost on the moon and Mars. This paper reviews various energy conversion technologies for use in space reactor power systems and provides estimates of the system's net efficiency and specific power, and the specific area of the radiator. The suitable combinations of the energy conversion technologies and the nuclear reactors, classified based on the coolant type and cooling method, for best system performance and highest specific power, are also discussed. In addition, a number of power system concepts with both static and dynamic energy conversion, but with no single point failures in reactor cooling, energy conversion and heat rejection, and for nominal electrical powers up to 110 kW e , are presented. The first two power systems employ reactors cooled with lithium and sodium heat pipes, SiGe thermoelectric (TE) and alkali-metal thermal-to-electric conversion (AMTEC), and potassium heat pipes radiators. The reactors heat pipes operate at a fraction of the prevailing capillary or sonic limit, and in the case of a multiple heat pipes failure, those in the adjacent modules remove the additional heat load, thus maintaining the reactor adequately cooled and the power system operating at a reduced power. The third power system employs SiGe TE converters and a liquid metal cooled reactor with a divided core into six sectors that are neurotically and thermally coupled, but hydraulically decoupled. Each sector has a separate energy conversion loop, a heat rejection loop, and a rubidium heat pipes radiator panel. When a core sector experiences a loss-of-coolant, the fission power of the reactor is reduced, and that generated in the sector in question is removed by the circulating coolant in the adjacent sectors. The fourth power system employs a gas cooled reactor with a core divided into three identical sectors, and each sector is coupled to a separate Closed Brayton Cycle (CBC) loop with He–Xe binary mixture (40 g/mol) working fluid, a secondary loop with circulating liquid Nak-78, and two water heat pipes radiator panels.
Children with Health Issues

All children, even the healthiest, have preventive and acute health care needs. Moreover, a growing number of children are chronically ill, with preventive, acute, and ongoing care needs that may be much more demanding than those for healthy children. Because children are unable to care for themselves, their parents are expected to provide a range of health care services without which the current health care system for children would not function. Under this "shadow health care system," parents or parent surrogates often need to be with the child, a requirement that can create difficulties for working parents, particularly for those whose children are chronically ill. How federal, state, and employer policies and practices mesh with the child health care needs of families is therefore a central issue in any discussion about work and family balance. In this article Mark Schuster, Paul Chung, and Katherine Vestal describe the health care needs of children; the essential health care responsibilities of parents; the perspective of employers; and the existing network of federal, state, and local family leave benefits that employed parents can access. They also identify current gaps in policies that leave unmet the needs of both parents and their employers. The authors suggest the outlines of a national family leave policy that would protect the interests of parents and employers. In essence, such a policy would build on the federal Family and Medical Leave Act, which gives some workers time off with no advance notice required and no loss of job or health insurance. But it would also include elements of California's Paid Family Leave Insurance, which expands coverage to more workers and provides partial pay during leave. Employers could be given some financial protections as well as protections against employee fraud and abuse. Such a policy, the authors conclude, would help to provide security to parents, minimize effects on employers, raise societal expectations for family-friendly work environments, and help maintain the parental shadow system of care on which health care professionals depend.
Type 2 herpes simplex virus infections.

Abstract The problems related to herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 infections include: (1) the clinical diseases produced primarily at urogenital sites, but also in extragenital areas, and the frequent recurrences of such infections; (2) the severity of the diseases produced in immunocompromised hosts and in newborns, including a variety of ocular manifestations; and (3) the possible role of the virus in human cancers. The usually sexually transmitted mode of spread of this virus has increased current medical concern with this virus. Altthough laboratory diagnosis of HSV-2 infection is currently available, we still lack effective preventive or therapeutic means for most clinical forms of the infection. However, the great progress made over the past decade in the molecular, virological, immunological and clinicoepidemiological aspects of HSV are providing the necessary tools to attain this goal.
Global mRNA Stabilization Preferentially Linked to Translational Repression during the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response

The stability of mRNAs undergoing translation has long been a controversial question. Here, we systematically investigate links between mRNA turnover and translation during the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, a process during which protein synthesis is potently regulated. cDNA array-based approaches to assess the stability and translational status of each mRNA were devised. First, ER stress-triggered changes in mRNA stability were studied by comparing differences in steady-state mRNA levels with differences in gene transcription. Second, changes in translational status were monitored by studying ER stress-induced shifts in the relative distribution of each mRNA along sucrose gradients. Together, the array-derived data reveal complex links between mRNA stability and translation, with all regulatory groups represented: both stabilized and destabilized mRNAs were found among translationally induced as well as translationally suppressed mRNA collections. Remarkably, however, the subset of stabilized mRNAs was prominently enriched in translationally suppressed transcripts, suggesting that ER stress was capable of causing the stabilization of mRNAs associated with a global reduction in protein synthesis. The cDNA array-based approach described here can be applied to global analyses of mRNA turnover and translation and can serve to investigate subsets of mRNAs subject to joint posttranscriptional control.
Parametric Analysis of Microdroplet Formation in Co-Axial Co-Flowing Immiscible Liquids in Microtubes

This paper presents numerical results of disperse liquid droplets forming in the dripping regime at the tip of a microtube into another co-flowing immiscible liquid in a coaxial microtube of larger diameter. Investigated are the effects of the interfacial surface tension, velocities and viscosities of the liquids and the diameters of the coaxial microtubes on the forming dynamics and the size of the droplet. The 2-D, transient Navier-Stockes equations, in conjunction with the momentum jump condition across the interface between the co-flowing liquids are solved using a finite element method. The solution tracks the interface and the growth of the droplet and predicts droplet size and forming frequency. The droplet’s dimensionless radius (rd*) is correlated within ± 10% in terms of the continuous liquid capillary number (Cac ) and ratios of Reynolds numbers (Red /Rec ) and microtube radii (Rc /Rd ) of the co-flowing liquids as: rd* = 0.225 R*0.466/(Cac0.5)(Red/Rec).0.05© 2011 ASME
Changes in electrocortical power and coherence in response to the selective cholinergic immunotoxin 192 IgG-saporin.

Changes in brain electrical activity in response to cholinergic agonists, antagonists, or excitotoxic lesions of the basal forebrain may not be reflective entirely of changes in cholinergic tone, in so far as these interventions also involve noncholinergic neurons. We examined electrocortical activity in rats following bilateral intracerebroventricular administration of 192 IgG-saporin (1.8 µg/ventricle), a selective cholinergic immunotoxin directed to the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75. The immunotoxin resulted in extensive loss of choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) activity in neocortex (80%–84%) and hippocampus (93%), with relative sparing of entorhinal-piriform cortex (42%) and amygdala (28%). Electrocortical activity demonstrated modest increases in 1- to 4-Hz power, decreases in 20- to 44-Hz power, and decreases in 4- to 8-Hz intra- and interhemispheric coherence. Rhythmic slow activity (RSA) occurred robustly in toxin-treated animals during voluntary movement and in response to physostigmine, with no significant differences seen in power and peak frequency in comparison with controls. Physostigmine significantly increased intrahemispheric coherence in lesioned and intact animals, with minor increases seen in interhemispheric coherence. Our study suggests that: (1) electrocortical changes in response to selective cholinergic deafferentation are more modest than those previously reported following excitotoxic lesions; (2) changes in cholinergic tone affect primarily brain electrical transmission within, in contrast to between hemispheres; and (3) a substantial cholinergic reserve remains following administration of 192 IgG-saporin, despite dramatic losses of ChAT in cortex and hippocampus. Persistence of a cholinergically modulated RSA suggests that such activity may be mediated through cholinergic neurons which, because they lack the p75 receptor, remain unaffected by the immunotoxin.
A New Approach to the Measurement of Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders

In many studies, a standardized symptoms checklist is used to measure work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Most questionnaires include measures of prevalence, severity and frequency, but little is known about how to combine these measures. One approach for combining various measures of prevalence, frequency and severity is Latent Class Analysis (LCA) that allows for the assessment of the structure of the relationships among the various aspects of reported symptoms. In this paper we explore the use of Latent Class Analysis to analyze the relation between job characteristics and musculoskeletal disorders in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) data 1992–2004.
An alternative pathway for 3-phosphoglycerate generation in Veillonella.

Previous investigations have shown that members of the genus Veillonella possess the enzymes for a reversed glycolytic pathway of gluconeogenesis. Enzymatic and radioisotopic analysis of transforma...
Prostate cancer: A significant risk factor for late-life suicide

Objective The authors sought to determine the incidence of suicide and its relevant correlates among men with prostate cancer. Methods This was a population-based, retrospective cohort review of men age 65 and older, residing in South Florida between 1983 and 1993. Average annual suicide rate was calculated for prostate cancer-related suicides and contrasted with age and gender-specific rates in the same geographic area. Results Of 667 completed suicides, 20 were prostate cancer-related (3% of the total male suicide sample). The average annual incidence of suicide for men was 55.32 per 100,000 persons, but for men with prostate cancer, the rate was 274.7 per 100,000. The risk of suicide in men with prostate cancer was 4.24 times that of an age- and gender-specific cohort. The clinical correlates included depression (70%), cancer diagnosis within 6 months of suicide (80%), physician visit within 1 month of suicide (60%), and being foreign-born (70%). Conclusion The incidence of suicide among older men with prostate cancer is higher than previously recognized. Depression, recent diagnosis, pain, and being foreign-born are important clinical correlates. Screens for depression and suicide in older men with prostate cancer should be done after diagnosis and redone during the first 6 months regularly, particularly in the primary-care setting. Public education is needed to decrease the stigma associated with having a cancer diagnosis.
The Src Homology 2 Domain of Rin1 Mediates Its Binding to the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Regulates Receptor Endocytosis

Activated epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) recruit intracellular proteins that mediate receptor signaling and endocytic trafficking. Rin1, a multifunctional protein, has been shown to regulate EGFR internalization (1). Here we show that EGF stimulation induces a specific, rapid, and transient membrane recruitment of Rin1 and that recruitment is dependent on the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of Rin1. Immunoprecipitation of EGFR is accompanied by co-immunoprecipitation of Rin1 in a time- and ligand-dependent manner. Association of Rin1 and specifically the SH2 domain of Rin1 with the EGFR was dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation of the intracellular domain of the EGFR. The recruitment of Rin1, observed by light microscopy, indicated that although initially cytosolic, Rin1 was recruited to both plasma membrane and endosomes following EGF addition. Moreover, the expression of the SH2 domain of Rin1 substantially impaired the internalization of EGF without affecting internalization of transferrin. Finally, we found that Rin1 co-immunoprecipitated with a number of tyrosine kinase receptors but not with cargo endocytic receptors. These results indicate that Rin1 provides a link via its SH2 domain between activated tyrosine kinase receptors and the endocytic pathway through the recruitment and activation of Rab5a.
METABOLIC EFFECTS OF LATHYROGENIC AGENTS ON CARTILAGE IN VIVO AND IN VITRO

The effects of lathyrogenic agents in vivo and in vitro are described, in respect to some biochemical indices of cartilage metabolism. Lathyrogenic agents in vivo inhibited the incorporation of radiosulfate into rat epiphyseal cartilage and the isolated chondroitin sulfate. No significant changes in hydroxyproline or hexosamine content of epiphyseal cartilage were found, but there was a marked increase in water content. The content of chondroitin sulfate, measured as uronic acid, was decreased. The importance of taking growth rate differences between control and experimental rats into account in assessing the effects of lathyrogenic agents in vivo is emphasized. In an in vitro system, utilizing fresh calf costal cartilage slices, the presence of low concentrations of lathyrogenic agents markedly affected various metabolic events. The incorporation into cartilage slices of sulfate-S35, glucose-U-C14, and glycine-1-C14 was significantly depressed, as was the production of organic acids, including lactic acid. In general, these effects were more severe under anaerobic conditions. Glutamine restored the activities of the slices treated with lathyrogenic agents to control values obtained in the absence of either lathyrogen or glutamine.
Mitral valve replacement with Ross II technique: initial experience.

Background Pulmonary autograft mitral valve replacement (PA-MVR) was introduced clinically by Ross in 1967, but has been rarely utilized in North America and Europe. The aim of this study is to review our early experience with PA-MVR. Methods Since June 2002, 8 patients (7 female and 1 male) between 12 to 46 years of age with outgrown mechanical valves (n = 3) failed MV repair for rheumatic or congenital MV disease (n = 4) and irreparable bileaflet myxoid prolapse (n = 1), underwent PA-MVR. The pulmonary autograft was harvested and replaced using a pulmonary homograft. The autografts were mounted within a woven Dacron graft 6–8 mm greater in diameter than the autograft annulus diameter on a preoperative echocardiogram. The graft's external surface was covered with fresh autologous pericardium. Results There were no deaths. Intraoperative echocardiography confirmed a mean MV gradient of 4 mm Hg with trivial (n = 7) or mild (n = 1) regurgitation. Follow-up (range, 13 to 36 months) echocardiography in 4 patients showed no increase in MV gradient or regurgitation. One patient with severe myxoid degeneration and one patient with rheumatic disease, both with systemic hypertension, developed progressive regurgitation due to stretching of a single autograft leaflet producing prolapse. One patient developed a moderate gradient due to retention of excessive native mitral leaflet and subannular chordal tissue. Three of 4 patients have required PA-MVR replacement with mechanical valves 6 to 14 months post-PA-MVR. One asymptomatic patient with mild to moderate mitral regurgitation is being followed after treatment of her systemic hypertension. Conclusions Pulmonary autograft mitral valve replacement offers selected patients a potentially lifelong autologous valve without the need for long-term anticoagulation. The PA-MVR technique deserves careful consideration in younger patients in sinus rhythm. Postoperative systemic hypertension should be treated aggressively to prevent excessive stress on the pulmonary autograft particularly in the early postoperative months.
Reduction in dentin permeability using a slurry containing dicalcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide

Treatments that obdurate dentin tubules have been used for reducing dentin hypersensitivity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a treatment with a slurry of micron sized calcium phosphate on the hydraulic conductance (Lp) of etched dentin discs in vitro. The treatment slurry was prepared by mixing a powder mixture of dicalcium phosphate anhydrous and calcium hydroxide with a solution that contained sodium fluoride and carboxymethyl cellulose. The mean baseline Lp (in mL cm−2 s–1 H2O cm–1) was 2.07 ± 1.45 (mean ± SD; n = 13)). After one treatment and 2, 4, and 7 days of incubation in a protein-free saliva-like solution (SLS), the mean relative Lp, presented as % of baseline, were 65 ± 16, 42 ± 27, 36 ± 26, and 33 ± 27 (n = 13), respectively. The Lp values of the baseline and treatment after incubation in the SLS were significantly (p < 0.05) different. Scanning electron microscopic examination showed partial obturation of dentin tubules in the treated dentin. X-ray diffraction and chemical analyses indicated the major product formed from the slurry was a fluoride-containing hydroxyapatite. Treatment appeared effective in further reducing Lp of dentin discs after incubation in the SLS. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Emergency Department Utilization among American Indian Adolescents who made a Suicide Attempt: A Screening Opportunity

Abstract Purpose Reservation-based American Indian adolescents are at significant risk for suicide. Preventive approaches have not focused on medical service utilization patterns on reservations, which are typically limited to one local emergency department (ED). Patterns of ED utilization before suicide attempts were evaluated to identify opportunities for screening and intervention. Methods Cross-sectional study of Apache adolescents (aged 13–19 years) who attempted suicide and consented to medical chart review. Lifetime presenting problems for Indian Health Service ED visits before the index suicide attempt were extracted and coded. Results A total of 1,424 ED visits from 72 Apache adolescents were extracted (median lifetime visits, n = 18). In the year before the attempt, 82% (n = 59) of participants had had an ED visit for any reason and 26% (n = 19) for a psychiatric reason, including suicidal thoughts or self-harm. Conclusions Service utilization data suggest that EDs are critical locations for reservation-based suicide prevention. Suicide screening for all ED patients could increase early identification and treatment of this at-risk group.
A Hodgkin-Huxley Type Neuron Model That Learns Slow Non-Spike Oscillation

A gradient descent algorithm for parameter estimation which is similar to those used for continuous-time recurrent neural networks was derived for Hodgkin-Huxley type neuron models. Using membrane potential trajectories as targets, the parameters (maximal conductances, thresholds and slopes of activation curves, time constants) were successfully estimated. The algorithm was applied to modeling slow non-spike oscillation of an identified neuron in the lobster stomatogastric ganglion. A model with three ionic currents was trained with experimental data. It revealed a novel role of A-current for slow oscillation below -50 mV.
Effective-substrate theory for optical reflection from a layered substrate.

We show that reflection of a monochromatic light from a semi-infinite medium covered with a stack of layered media is equivalent to that from an effective “semi-infinite medium” characterized by two distinct optical dielectric constants for the s- and p-polarized components, respectively. Such an effective-substrate approach simplifies the analysis of ellipsometry measurements of a wide range of surface-bound processes including thin-film growth and surface-bound reactions.
Clues from genetic and epidemiologic studies.

There are clear indications that genetic variables influence the pathogenesis of SLE. The frequency of the disease in first-degree relatives of SLE subjects appears to be in the range of 1–2%, but this is in great excess relative to the frequency of SLE in the general population. The frequency of concordance of the disease in monozygotic twin pairs is in excess of 50%. The frequency of concordance of dizygotic twins may be no higher than that in other first-degree relatives. Data in twins support the conclusion that familial aggregation is due to genetic rather than to other familial factors. The high female-to-male ratio of patients with SLE may reflect sex hormonal influence on immunoreactivity rather than the genetic aspects of sex per se. The approximately threefold higher incidence of SLE in black subjects relative to white, in some studies, may reflect a heightened activity of the humoral immune system in blacks.
A COMPARISON OF CITATIONS ACROSS MULTIDISCIPLINARY PSYCHOLOGY JOURNALS: A CASE STUDY OF TWO INDEPENDENT JOURNALS

Citation rates and impact factors are often used in an attempt to evaluate the apparent prestige of scholarly journals and the quality of research published by individual scholars. However, the apparent prestige of "top tier" journals may reflect aggressive marketing and advertising efforts as much as scholarship. Some journals have retained their independence from professional organizations and the funding, marketing, and advocacy policies that may be associated with such organizations. While lacking as much visibility as organizational journals and sometimes considered "lower tier," independent journals may be able to provide comparable scientific quality as measured by citation rates. To test this, the citation rates of 169 articles published by a frequently cited scholar were compared across first- and second-tier journals, including many sponsored and marketed by large professional organizations, and to rates for two independent journals combined, Psychological Reports and Perceptual and Motor Skills. Citation rates were higher for first-tier journals but for most comparisons, especially those that controlled for heterogeneity of variance, results did not differ in statistically significant ways among the three tiers of journals, though some nonsignificant trends (p Language: en
Teaching Elementary Accounting To Non-Accounting Majors

A central recurring theme in business education is the optimal strategy for improving introductory accounting, the gateway subject of business education. For many students, especially non-accounting majors, who are required to take introductory accounting as a requirement of the curriculum, introductory accounting has become a major obstacle for achieving their goal of obtaining undergraduate degree in business. This paper reviews a variety of common but underutilized strategies for presenting learning opportunities to non-accounting majors in their first accounting course. Effective teaching methodologies that will promote active learning to help non-accounting majors develop interest in accounting and enhance their critical thinking skills in the acquisition of accounting knowledge are explored. Included in this review are discussions about the adjustments that can be made relative to class size and individuality in the early pre-course stages. Teaching strategies such as the use of remedial modules, case studies, hands-on student participation opportunities, within or separate from the classroom lecture, mini-quizzes, and mnemonics are discussed. Guidance is offered to accounting academics who wish to fulfill their responsibility to students in the most difficult, rule-dominated, math-oriented, and consequently, high risk course of introductory accounting.
Thermal Properties of Fly Ash-Slag Cement Waste forms for Disposal of Savannah River Plant Salt Waste

Waste processing at the Savannah River Plant will involve reconstitution of the salts (NaNO3, NaNO2, Na2 SO4 and NaOH) into a concentrated solution followed by solidification in a cement-based waste form. Phase stability and mechanical durability of this material will depend to a considerable extent on the thermal properties of the waste form. Fly ash has been used to moderate the hydration and setting processes so as to avoid high temperatures which could cause thermal stresses. Both high-calcium (Class C) and low-calcium (Class F) fly ashes were studied. Other constituents of the mixes include granulated blast furnace slag and finely crushed lime-stone. The adiabatic temperature increases and thermal conductivities were measured and related to matrix mineralogy and microstructure as determined by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively.
Therapeutic Dilemmas in Treating Internet Infidelity

The Internet can be a problematic place for relationship development. As popular as these approaches are, none apprise the therapist of specific dilemmas critical to the outcome of treatment. The purpose of this paper is to outline the therapeutic dilemmas faced by therapists in treating Internet infidelity. It is the first article of its kind to outline the key dilemmas: (a) seven factors that increase a couple's vulnerability to Internet infidelity, (b) self-of-the-therapist issues, and (c) divisive issues in treatment. A case example demonstrating how to address the dilemmas in a couple experiencing Internet infidelity is included.
Algorithmic Aspects of Elliptic Curves

The burgeoning field of computational number theory asks for practical algorithms to compute solutions to arithmetic problems. For example, the Mordell–Weil theorem (VIII.6.7) says that the group of rational points on an elliptic curve is finitely generated, and although we still lack an effective algorithm that is guaranteed to find a set of generators, there are algorithms that often work well in practice. Similarly, Siegel’s theorem (IX.3.2.1) says that an elliptic curve has only finitely many S-integral points, but it took 50 years from Siegel’s proof of finiteness to Baker’s theorem giving an effective bound for the height of the largest solution (IX §5). And Baker’s theorem is only the beginning of the story, since it leads to estimates that, although effective, are not practical without the introduction of significant additional ideas.
On a moment theorem for complex Gaussian processes

A general theorem is provided for the moments of a complex Gaussian video process. This theorem is analogous to the well-known property of the multivariate normal distribution for real variables, which states that an n th order central product moment is zero if n is odd and is equal to a sum of products of covariances when n is even.
Space modification: An alternative approach to chemistry problems involving geometry

The sequential simplex optimization algorithm has been translated into non-Euclidean space. A study of the algorithm in this space suggests that the path of convergence of the simplex depends on the properties of the space so that different convergence paths can be obtained even with the same starting points. The path of convergence approaches the path observed in Euclidean space as the metric constant of the hyperbolic space increases.
HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE EXTRACELLULAR CARBOHYDRATE OF COLACIUM MUCRONATUM (EUGLENOPHYCEAE)1

The stalk of Colacium mucronatum Bourr. & Chad. is composed primarily of a cylindrical shaft with a lightly staining inner core and diffuse peripheral cortex. The shaft and cortex arise from a ring-shaped region around the canal opening whereas the core appears continuous with the canal which may be associated with initial cell attachment. All parts of the stalk, as well as the lining and contents of the reservoir, canal and flagellum exhibit stain reactions associated with neutral or mildly acidic carbohydrate with widely spaced anionic groups in low concentration.
Gallery of medical devices

This article provides an overview of the multitude of medical devices used in patients from head to toe. Simple line drawings show a wide assortment of medical devices. These drawings and the accompanying short descriptions are to be used for quick reference to identify some of the more common medical devices that are certain to appear on everyday radiographs. There is an extensive bibliography for the reader to obtain more detailed information about a particular device or medical apparatus. Knowing the specific name of a device is nearly impossible and is really not necessary, in particular, the eponyms attached to all manner of orthopedic apparatus. Many device names have evolved from their original meaning. What is important is the device's function and the recognition of its presence, as well as an understanding of its use and potential complications.