cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
dDP Is Needed for Normal Cell Proliferation

To gain insight into the essential functions of E2F, we have examined the phenotypes caused by complete inactivation of E2F and DP family members in Drosophila. Our results show that dDP requires dE2F1 and dE2F2 for DNA-binding activity in vitro and in vivo. In tissue culture cells and in mutant animals, the levels of dE2F and dDP proteins are strongly interdependent. In the absence of dDP, the levels of dE2F1 and dE2F2 decline dramatically, and vice versa. Accordingly, the cell cycle and transcriptional phenotypes caused by targeting dDP mimic the effects of targeting both dE2F1 and dE2F2 and are indistinguishable from the effects of inactivating all three proteins. Although trans-heterozygous dDP mutant animals develop to late pupal stages, the analysis of somatic mutant clones shows that dDP mutant cells are at a severe proliferative disadvantage when compared directly with wild-type neighbors. Strikingly, the timing of S-phase entry or exit is not delayed in dDP mutant clones, nor is the accumulation of cyclin A or cyclin B. However, the maximal level of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation is reduced in dDP mutant clones, and RNA interference experiments show that dDP-depleted cells are prone to stall in S phase. In addition, dDP mutant clones contain reduced numbers of mitotic cells, indicating that dDP mutant cells have a defect in G2/M-phase progression. Thus, dDP is not essential for developmental control of the G1-to-S transition, but it is required for normal cell proliferation, for optimal DNA synthesis, and for efficient G2/M progression.
The Strategic Sources of Foreign Policy Substitution

While a growing body of work provides empirical support for the notion that political leaders “substitute” foreign policies depending on a variety of domestic political and economic conditions, little work examines the underlying strategic causes of substitution. This article argues that foreign states behave strategically in order to (a) avoid becoming the targets of domestically troubled executives or (b) to take advantage of the domestic trouble another state endures. Such “strategic interaction” delimits the set of foreign policies reasonably available to leaders in trouble at home, thus producing the impetus for policy substitution. This article develops a theoretical model of strategic behavior and policy substitution and reports empirical results of a multivariate probit model.
Variability in the outer planet aurorae

Auroraeon theouterplanetshave nowbeendetectedwithground-based andEarth-orbitingtelescopes at far-UV,near-IR,andsoftX-raywavelengths.The bestqualityobservationsare of Jupiter,through a combinationof very bright aurora and easy spatial discrimination. In this paper the multiwavelengthobservationswill be summarized fromtheperspectiveof studyingthe physicalprocesses andregions of the atmospherewhichthe different wavelengthregions reveal. Sufficientdetail is nowavailablein our studiesofJupiter’saurorato beginto drawspecificcomparisonswithprocesses detected in the Earths auroral zones, including ionosphericcurrents, atmospheric heating, and compositionalchanges.
Predictors and outcomes of delirium

Abstract Objectives To determine factors associated with the occurrence of delirium among patients undergoing surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Methods The sample included all consenting patients who underwent AAA repair during a 12-month period. Before surgery, daily while in hospital, and at 1 and 6 months after surgery, we assessed patients' mood, mental status and functional status. We compared delirious and nondelirious patients for severity of preoperative depressive symptoms, length of hospital stay and mortality. The effects of delirium on postoperative functional status were assessed in conjunction with postoperative depressive symptoms using regression models. Results The sample of 35 patients was primarily male and elderly; one-quarter had three or more medical conditions; and eight (23%) developed delirium after surgery. Postoperative delirium was significantly associated with preoperative depressive symptoms, alcohol use and cognitive impairment as well as with longer lengths of stay and poorer functional status at 1 and 6 months after surgery. Conclusion Identification and treatment of patients with depressive symptoms, alcohol use and cognitive impairment prior to AAA surgery could reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium and the prolonged hospital stays and impaired functional status associated with it. Surgeons should consider using simple screening instruments before surgery to identify patients at risk and referring them for psychiatric evaluation and treatment. They should also consider including psychiatrists early in the care of high-risk patients to improve detection of and early intervention for delirium.
Schumpeter and the Micro-foundations of Endogenous Growth

This chapter traces the idea that technological change is endogenous to microeconomic roots considerably earlier than those emphasized in the “new” macroeconomic theories of economic growth. Building upon contributions by Richard Nelson, Jacob Schmookler, F.M. Scherer, and Yoram Barzel, it presents a lean model of how incentives for technological innovation arise endogenously from the interplay of changes in knowledge and demand. Paradoxes attributable to monopoly, parallel but independent technical initiatives, uncertainty, and the divergence between social and private benefits are resolved. A simulation analysis explores the implications of skew stochastic payoff distributions for the optimal number of R&D approaches.
Perforated epiphrenic diverticulum with secondary septic pleuritis in two horses

Summary This report describes 2 cases of oesophageal diverticula in horses in which the perforation of the diverticulum led to septic pleuritis. Both cases presented as emergencies with the clinical complaint of colic and had evidence of endotoxic/septic shock. Due to its rareness and its tendency to masquerade as a variety of more common conditions, the recognition and management of intrathoracic oesophageal perforation in horses can be difficult, and neither of the horses presented here had clinical signs consistent with oesophageal obstruction upon presentation. The cases reported here illustrate the importance of a complete physical evaluation, and of taking into consideration the thorax as a source of colic signs and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in horses.
Fault Detection and Initial State Verification by Linear Programming for a Class of Petri Nets

A problem encountered in using Petri nets to model systems is analyzing a given marking of the Petri net for such properties as liveness and safeness. For a restricted class of Petri nets, specifically live safe marked graphs (LSMGs) and live safe free choice (LSFC) nets, these properties can be analyzed by determining if the marking, m, of the modeled system is within the set of live safe markings, denoted by M. Since M is a forward invariant, during normal net operation deviation from M indicates a fault. This paper presents the conditions for a marking to be in M, and an efficient algorithm, using linear programming, to determine when these conditions are met.
Air cargo pickup schedule for single delivery location

In this paper, various deterministic models for determining optimal pickup times for air cargo from an airport and delivering it to a local distribution center for a global manufacturer are presented. The arrival times of the flights that can potentially bring air cargo are assumed to be deterministic and known. In addition, the custom clearance time for the air cargo and the traveling time from the airport to the local distribution center are assumed to be deterministic and known. These models are formulated mathematically as linear binary integer programming models without air cargo weight considerations. Deterministic formulations without air cargo weight information are shown to be related to the p-Median problem. The deterministic formulation of air cargo pickup times with air cargo weight consideration is shown to be a nonlinear binary integer programming model. The solutions of these models serve as an initial starting point to solve the stochastic problem with random arrival times of the flights and random custom clearance times and travel times.
Spin-polarized energy bands in sodium

The augmented-plane-wave (APW) method was used with a spin-dependent potential to calculate the one-electron energies in solid sodium. The charge density from which this potential was obtained was derived from spin-polarized Hartree-Fock-Slater atomic wave functions with fractional occupation of the valence spin orbitals. The atoms were placed on a cesium chloride Bravais lattice with alternating spin density. This “antiferromagnetic” arrangement was maintained with a decreasing moment as the calculation was carried to self-consistency. The possibility of this state having a lower total energy than the “paramagnetic” state is discussed. A “spin-density-wave” potential was introduced into the Hamiltonian and a perturbation calculation was performed. The unperturbed functions used in this calculation were self-consistent solutions of the “paramagnetic” state. By fitting the bands so obtained to the above “antiferromagnetic” bands the amplitude of the “spin-density-wave” in that configuration was determined. The possibility of obtaining a state with a lower total energy by using a “spin-density-wave” with this amplitude and varying wavelength is discussed.
Visibility culling using plenoptic opacity functions for large volume visualization

Visibility culling has the potential to accelerate large data visualization in significant ways. Unfortunately, existing algorithms do not scale well when parallelized, and require full re-computation whenever the opacity transfer function is modified. To address these issues, we have designed a Plenoptic Opacity Function (POF) scheme to encode the view-dependent opacity of a volume block. POFs are computed off-line during a pre-processing stage, only once for each block. We show that using POFs is (i) an efficient, conservative and effective way to encode the opacity variations of a volume block for a range of views, (ii) flexible for re-use by a family of opacity transfer functions without the need for additional off-line processing, and (iii) highly scalable for use in massively parallel implementations. Our results confirm the efficacy of POFs for visibility culling in large-scale parallel volume rendering; we can interactively render the Visible Woman dataset using software ray-casting on 32 processors, with interactive modification of the opacity transfer function on-the-fly.
Characterization and Cementitious Behavior of a Rhone-Poulenc Reactive Alumina

Highly reactive alumina (from Rhone-Poulenc), which is x-ray amorphous, offers a great potential as a new Al-source precursor for forming low-temperature chemically bonded ceramics. This alumina has been characterized for the first time. Its thermal behavior, structure, morphology, and hydration behavior have been determined using XRD, TGA, DTA, SEM, and TEM, and the data are compared with those of other conventional aluminas and precursors such as α-Al2O3, gibbsite, and boehmite.
Generating Nice Integer Data Sets For The Teaching Of Correlation And Regression

tatistics instructors always have a choice in teaching statistical concepts. The choice is between using real data sets or data that has been constructed. For those statistics courses, whose students have good mathematical skills, real data is preferable demonstrating the usefulness and the applicability of the subject of statistics. However, students with less mathematical skills sometimes spend more time handling or worrying about calculations than learning the concepts taught. We believe that having data sets with integer values for averages and standard deviations in calculation intensive topics like correlation and regression allow the students to spend more time learning the concepts. The techniques we present also yield integer coefficients in regression and rational number values for the correlation. Hundreds of data sets can be constructed. A second benefit of this paper is in the taking and correcting of exams. Real data sets are unnecessary for exams (probably even undesirable). If a student on an exam gets a regression equation of the form: ˆ 5 4 Y X   , they are confident that they have the correct answer. For the professor it is easier to grade correct answers.
Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is linked to global adult morbidity and mortality through diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and adiposity-related cancers

Commentary on: Singh GM, Micha R, Khatibzadeh S, et al., Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group (NutriCoDE). Estimated global, regional, and national disease burdens related to sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in 2010. Circulation 2015;132:639–66[OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2]. Obesity and obesity-related non-communicable diseases are global health burdens associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality, economic costs and impaired quality of life.1–3 Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption has been linked with obesity and has long been thought to contribute to cardiometabolic diseases through increases in weight. Results from epidemiological studies show that SSB consumption forms a substantial component of total dietary intake and is associated with metabolic syndrome, high blood pressure and weight gain.4 ,5 While health impact models have estimated the global burden of cardiometabolic diseases, the role of … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DCirculation%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1161%252FCIRCULATIONAHA.114.010636%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F26124185%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=circulationaha&resid=132/8/639&atom=%2Febmed%2F20%2F6%2F223.atom
Supervising Athletic Trainers' Perceptions of Graduate Assistant Athletic Trainers' Professional Preparation

Context: Recent debate has ensued regarding the readiness of newly credentialed athletic trainers (ATs) to function as independent clinicians. Some ATs believe the professional preparation of athle...
Studies of Drugs in Tissue Metabolism. II. Action of Drugs on Metabolism of Tissue in Serum

SummaryThe effect on liver metabolism of adding methylene blue, chloral hydrate and sodium barbital to serum has been studied. Methylene blue has been found to increase the oxygen consumption of rat liver respiring in human serum. Chloral hydrate and sodium barbital both depress the metabolism. Following depression of the oxygen consumption by chloral hydrate, methylene blue increases the metabolism. Following sodium barbital, the dye further depresses the metabolism. This is interpreted as indicating a difference in the site of action of the drugs on the oxidative system of the tissue cells.
Studies on attachment and ingestion phases of phagocytosis of Mycoplasma pulmonis by mouse peritoneal macrophages.

SummaryStudies have been made on factors which influence attachment of Mycoplasma pulmonis to the surface of mouse macrophages in vitro, and on factors which determine whether or not the attached microorganisms are ingested.Attachment of mycoplasmas exhibited few specific requirements. Attachment occurred in media containing no broth, serum, or divalent cations, and it was not blocked by proteolytic enzymes, neuraminidase, lysozyme or by exposure of the mycoplasmas to glutaraldehyde, to heat, or to repeated freezing and thawing. Only glutaraldehyde fixation of both the macrophages and the mycoplasmas, or use of a nonionic sucrose medium prevented attachment.In enriched tissue culture medium, the attached mycoplasmas resisted ingestion by the macrophages. This resistance was lost if the mycoplasmas were damaged or killed in various ways. Mycoplasmas treated with proteolytic enzymes under conditions not lethal for the organisms became susceptible to ingestion by macrophages, suggesting the presence of an an...
Immunogenicity of Two Naturally Occurring Solid-Phase Enamel Proteins:

SummaryAn antiserum to native, solid-phase, insoluble enamel proteins from New Zealand white rabbits was raised in the same strain of animal. The ability of the antiserum to bind enamel proteins was demonstrated by fluorescence and radioimmu-noelectrophoretic techniques. The data were interpreted to suggestthat enamel proteins are sequestered from immune surveillance during early development, resulting in subsequently induced autoantibody production.This research was supported by Grants DE-00095, DE-02848, and DE-03513 from the National Institutes of Health, and by a grant from the California Dental Association.
Book Review: Democracy in Retreat: The Revolt of the Middle Class and the Worldwide Decline of Representative Government. By Joshua Kurlantzick. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013.

In Democracy in Retreat, Joshua Kurlantzick provides a detailed account of how our end-of-the-millennium exuberance about the spread of democracy dissipated so quickly. Around the world, Kurlantzick says, an unhappy middle class has slipped away from the pro-democracy camp. What can be done to draw the middle class back? This is a critical question which Kurlantick only begins to answer -- and perhaps cannot be answered neatly in a work of this breadth.
Of Two Minds, Multiple Addresses, and One Ledger: Characterizing Opinions, Knowledge, and Perceptions of Bitcoin Across Users and Non-Users

Digital currencies represent a new method for exchange -- a payment method with no physical form, made real by the Internet. This new type of currency was created to ease online transactions and to provide greater convenience in making payments. However, a critical component of a monetary system is the people who use it. Acknowledging this, we present results of our interview study (N=20) with two groups of participants (users and non-users) about how they perceive the most popular digital currency, Bitcoin. Our results reveal: non-users mistakenly believe they are incapable of using Bitcoin, users are not well-versed in how the protocol functions, they have misconceptions about the privacy of transactions, and that Bitcoin satisfies properties of ideal payment systems as defined by our participants. Our results illustrate Bitcoin's tradeoffs, its uses, and barriers to entry.
Integrating Medication Therapy Management Education into a Core Pharmacy Curriculum

Objective. To describe the design of a core course directed at improving confidence and competence of students to perform medication therapy management (MTM) services. Design. Using the American Pharmacists Association (APhA) certificate training program framework, a core course was developed to teach MTM concepts to third-year student pharmacists. Using deep learning and authentic assignments, course instructors attempted to improve student confidence and readiness to provide MTM services. Assessment. Student ability to meet course objectives was evaluated by examinations and the APhA MTM program self-assessment. Students had an overall success rate of 93% on all three assessments. Student perceptions of confidence, competence, and importance of performing MTM services were measured using a survey instrument with 56 Likert-type items. Students completing both surveys reported significantly increased confidence and competence. Conclusion. Integrating MTM-specific education into the core curriculum increased student pharmacists' perceived competence and confidence to perform MTM services.
Malignancy and Rheumatic Disease.

BackgroundA wide variety of clinically significant interactions occur between neoplastic and rheumatic diseases, and many are clinically significant.MethodsThe types of interactions between rheumat...
Closed-form analytical solutions for calculation of loads and contact pressures for roller and ball bearings

Abstract Closed-form load distribution solutions for calculation of the loads exerted by the rolling elements on the outer raceway in cylindrical and spherical roller bearings under radial loading are proposed. The analytical solutions are derived from the non-conforming contact solution of Hertz and the conforming contact solution of Persson. The maximum pressures due to the maximum loads of the rolling elements calculated from the analytical solutions are within a few percents of the results from the corresponding two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element analyses. A simple method to estimate the fatigue lives of bearings based on the analytical solutions is also presented for engineers to compare the fatigue performance of bearings with different designs.
Finding History in the Archaeological Record: The Upper Piman Settlement of Guevavi

ABSTRACTArchaeological survey in the vicinity of Guevavi Mission in southern Arizona has found evidence of an Upper Piman settlement located near the mission. This site likely represents one of the aboriginal settlements of Guevavi documented in early historic records, perhaps one of the late seventeenth or early eighteenth century settlements occupied during the Jesuit presence in this region. The site is placed within an archaeological and historical context with a discussion of the evidence used to identify Upper Piman sites. This answers the question about where the Indian settlement was located, at least during a portion of its history.
Evolution of structural and magnetic properties in LaxCe2-xCo16Ti for 0 ≤x ≤ 2

Abstract In the present work we examine the intrinsic magnetic and structural properties of the title alloys, permanent magnet materials based on the abundant rare-earth elements lanthanum and cerium, since these properties ( T C , M s H a ( K 1 , K 2 )) will set the upper limits on the quality of permanent magnet that can be fabricated from said alloys. Ce 2 Co 16 Ti has a high magnetic anisotropy ( H a = 65 kOe) but a relatively low saturation magnetization ( M s = 7.3 kG), and La 2 Co 16 Ti has a high M s (9.5 kG) but H a too low for most applications (16 kOe). Though these two end-members have previously well-known properties, changing economic conditions have made re-examination of systems containing cerium and lanthanum necessary as the economic viability of rare earth mining becomes dependent on extraction of products beyond what is currently considered useful and profitable within the rare earth elements. We find that replacing some lanthanum with cerium in La 2 Co 16 Ti increases H a by a factor of more than two, while decreasing M s by less than 5%. The measured M s indicate maximum possible energy products in excess of 20 MG·Oe in these materials, which have Curie temperatures near 600 °C. Real energy products are expected to be greatest near x = 1. These findings identify La x Ce 2−x Co 16 Ti as a promising system for development of so-called gap magnets that fill the energy product gap between expensive rare-earth magnets and current non-rare earth alternatives.
Adaptive implicit finite element methods for multicomponent compressible flow in heterogeneous and fractured porous media

This work presents adaptive implicit first-order and second-order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods for the transport of multicomponent compressible fluids in heterogeneous and fractured porous media, discretized by triangular, quadrilateral, and hexahedral grids. The adaptive implicit method (AIM) combines the advantages of purely explicit or implicit methods (in time). In grid cells with high fluxes or low pore volumes, the transport update is done implicitly to alleviate the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) time step constraints of the conditionally stable explicit approach. Grid cells with a large CFL condition are updated explicitly. Combined, this allows higher efficiency than explicit methods, but it reduces the “penalty” of implicit methods, which exhibit high numerical dispersion and are more computationally and storage expensive per time step. The advantages of AIM are modest for uniform grids and rock properties. However, in heterogeneous or fractured reservoirs explicit methods may become impractical, while a fully implicit approach introduces unnecessary numerical dispersion and is overkill for low-permeability layers and matrix blocks. In such applications, AIM is shown to be significantly more efficient and accurate. The division between explicit and implicit grid cells is made adaptively in space and time. This allows for a high level of explicitness and can also adapt to high fluxes caused by, e.g., viscous and gravitational flow instabilities. Numerical examples demonstrate the powerful features of AIM to model, e.g., solute transport, carbon sequestration in saline aquifers, and miscible gas injection in fractured oil and gas reservoirs.
Testing shape selection in directional solidification.

We report results from an experiment on the directional solidification of pivalic acid. In addition to the usual cellular interface patterns, we observe a new, metastable dendritic form that can be interpreted in the light of recent ideas about pattern formation.
Analysis of survival data by a Weibull–Bessel distribution

In survival analysis and reliability studies, problems with random sample size arise quite frequently. More specifically, in cancer studies, the number of clonogens is unknown and the time to relap...
Police stressors and health: a state-of-the-art review.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a state-of-the-art review on the topic of police stressors and associated health outcomes. Recent empirical research is reviewed in the areas of workplace stress, shift work, traumatic stress, and health. The authors provide a comprehensive table outlining occupational exposures and related health effects in police officers. Design/methodology/approach A review of recent empirical research on police stress and untoward psychological and physiological health outcomes in police officers. Findings The results offer a conceptual idea of the empirical associations between stressful workplace exposures and their impact on the mental and physical well-being of officers. Research limitations/implications A key limitation observed in prior research is the cross-sectional study design; however, this serves as a motivator for researchers to explore these associations utilizing a longitudinal study design that will help determine causality. Originality/value This review provides empirical evidence of both mental and physical outcomes associated with police stress and the processes involved in both. Research findings presented in this paper are based on sound psychological and medical evidence among police officers
Nonatherosclerotic vascular causes of acute abdominal pain

Abstract Background To examine the epidemiology, treatments, and outcomes of acute symptomatic non-atherosclerotic mesenteric vascular disease. Methods Subjects were reviewed over a six year period. Categories included embolism (EM), dissection (DI), and aneurysm (AN). Presentation, demographics, treatment and outcomes were compared. Results 46 patients were identified (EM:20, AN:15, DI:11). Age at presentation differed (EM: 66.3, AN 62.4, DI 54.6, p Conclusions Patients with EM, AN, and DI differ in age, anatomic distribution and method of treatment. The etiology significantly affects long term survival.
Determining Cause of Death and Contributing Causes of Death in Rodent Aging Studies

Abstract End-of-life pathology is a critical component of aging studies in rodents, and cause-of-death analysis may provide useful information regarding the effects of genetic or pharmacologic manipulation and add context to other physiologic or life span data. Considerations in cause-of-death determination for rodent aging studies include adequate monitoring of animals, consistent necropsy technique with proper collection and fixation of tissues, and histological assessment with lesion scoring. In this chapter, we describe one method for cause-of-death analysis based on review of a standard set of tissues and grading of neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions using a defined scoring system. A practical, brief necropsy technique for collection of tissues and a case example of cause-of-death determination in a rodent aging study also are presented.
Yoga in Maintenance of Psychophysical Health

Although heterogeneous and complex with respect to its scope and meaning, Yoga and meditation can be broadly conceptualized as self-management strategies for gaining insight into the principles of the human mind that explain the nature of its thoughts and experiences. These insights help us realize how to reaccess a natural and positive state of mind, how to experience calmness in sustained manner regardless of the circumstances we encounter in our daily life, and how to translate these for our well-being. Yoga is based on the humanitarian philosophy that the basic ingredients of happiness, though present inside everybody, remain untapped and thus inaccessible to many. It draws upon people’s innate wisdom and proposes utilization of the healthy perspectives available to everyone. In Yoga, health is just a preliminary preparation for achieving higher goals. Health is rather a very important side effect of the practice of Yoga (Iyengar 2001). In the all-encompassing and multidimensional aspects of Yoga, as evident in the Eight-limbed Yoga or the Noble Eightfold Path, one sees the balanced combination of the following: a healthy Yogic lifestyle (including the Middle Way, moral behavior, natural environment, and healthy diet), adequate bodywork through Yogic postures (asanas) and procedures (Sans. bandhas, mudras, and kriyas), breath work (pranayama), and techniques of mental development including concentration and mindfulness that lead to elevation of one’s consciousness to deeper meditative states (samadhis/samapattis) in the path of self-realization. Being mother to Ayurveda, the therapeutic system of ancient India (equivalent to the allopathic system of medicine), one can clearly see that Yoga doesn’t negate the use of medications and other methods of modern medicine (Frawley 1999).
Roles for Serotonin in Neuroembryogenesis

The idea that neurotransmitters such as serotonin (5-HT) might have non-transmitter functions during development has arisen from the observation in a number of species that these substances are present early in embryogenesis prior to the onset of synaptogenesis or neurotransmission. (Proposed functions for these early agents include the control of cell shape changes and morphogenetic cell movements during cleavage and gastrulation in sea urchins, fish, amphibians, birds and mammals; participation in the process of neurulation, torsion and flexure in chicks; and as humoral regulators of neuronal genesis in rats (Table 1).
RESISTANCE EQUATION FOR ALLUVIAL-CHANNEL FLOW

The equation developed by Keulegan for resistance to turbulent flow in uniform rigid-boundary conduits can be used (with reasonably accurate results) to represent resistance to turbulent flow in alluvial channels providing that a mathematical correction is made and certain channel conditions exist. The results of this study may be useful in eliminating some of the empiricism that was introduced to reduce bias in the modified Einstein method of computing total sediment load.
General regression neural network and Monte Carlo simulation model for survival and growth of Salmonella on raw chicken skin as a function of serotype, temperature, and time for use in risk assessment.

A general regression neural network (GRNN) and Monte Carlo simulation model for predicting survival and growth of Salmonella on raw chicken skin as a function of serotype (Typhimurium, Kentucky, and Hadar), temperature (5 to 50 degrees C), and time (0 to 8 h) was developed. Poultry isolates of Salmonella with natural resistance to antibiotics were used to investigate and model survival and growth from a low initial dose (<1 log) on raw chicken skin. Computer spreadsheet and spreadsheet add-in programs were used to develop and simulate a GRNN model. Model performance was evaluated by determining the percentage of residuals in an acceptable prediction zone from -1 log (fail-safe) to 0.5 log (fail-dangerous). The GRNN model had an acceptable prediction rate of 92% for dependent data (n = 464) and 89% for independent data (n = 116), which exceeded the performance criterion for model validation of 70% acceptable predictions. Relative contributions of independent variables were 16.8% for serotype, 48.3% for temperature, and 34.9% for time. Differences among serotypes were observed, with Kentucky exhibiting less growth than Typhimurium and Hadar, which had similar growth levels. Temperature abuse scenarios were simulated to demonstrate how the model can be integrated with risk assessment, and the most common output distribution obtained was Pearson5. This study demonstrated that it is important to include serotype as an independent variable in predictive models for Salmonella. Had a cocktail of serotypes Typhimurium, Kentucky, and Hadar been used for model development, the GRNN model would have provided overly fail-safe predictions of Salmonella growth on raw chicken skin contaminated with serotype Kentucky. Thus, by developing the GRNN model with individual strains and then modeling growth as a function of serotype prevalence, more accurate predictions were obtained.
Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone

The dermal-epidermal basement membrane contains specialized components which provide added adhesion to counteract disruptive external forces. These include specialized laminins, collagens, integrins, as well as other unique structural components which together serve to connect the intermediate filament network of the basal keratinocyte cytoskeleton to the interstitial collagen network of the papillary dermis. Damage to the dermal-epidermal basement membrane, whether through inherited genetic mutations or acquired autoimmune disorders, results in disruption of dermal-epidermal cohesion and blistering disease. The dermal-epidermal basement membrane also plays a key role in dynamic processes such as skin development, carcinoma invasion, and wound healing.
Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes for predicting multidrug-resistant Salmonella recovered from retail meats and humans in the United States.

Although multidrug-resistant (MDR) non-Typhi Salmonella (NTS) strains are a concern in food production, determining resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents at slaughter or processing may be impractical. Single antimicrobial resistance results for predicting multidrug resistance are desirable. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value were used to determine each antimicrobial agent's ability to predict MDR phenotypes of human health significance: ACSSuT (resistance to at least ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline) in NTS isolates, and MDR-AmpC-SN (resistance to ACSSuT, additional resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate and to ceftiofur, and decreased susceptibility [MIC ≥ 2 μg/ml] to ceftriaxone) in NTS serotype Newport. The U.S. National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System determined MICs to 15 or more antimicrobial agents for 9,955 NTS isolates from humans from 1999 to 2004 and 689 NTS isolates from retail meat f...
Illumination Robust Monocular Direct Visual Odometry for Outdoor Environment Mapping

Vision-based localization and mapping in outdoor environments is still a challenging issue, which requests significant robustness against various unpredictable illumination changes. In this paper, an illumination-robust direct monocular SLAM system that focuses on modeling outdoor scenery is presented. To deal with global and local lighting changes, such as solar flares, the state-of-art illumination invariant photometric costs for RGB-D and stereo SLAM systems are revisited in the context of their monocular counterpart, where the camera motion and scene structure are jointly optimized with a reasonably poor initialization. Based on our analysis, a combined cost is proposed to achieve a high-precision motion estimation with an improved convergence radius. The proposed system is extensively evaluated on the synthetic and real-world datasets regarding accuracy, robustness, and processing time, where our approach outperforms systems with other costs and state-of-art DSO and ORBSLAM2 systems.
Design and Optimization of E-Core Integrated Flux-Switching Motor-Compressor

An integrated motor-compressor is designed in this work which can provide motoring function with compressing function at the same time. The integrated motor-compressor needs to be capable of driving multiple stages of the axial-flow compressor. An E-shaped stator core with large slot opening and less magnet is implemented for the integrated motor-compressor to achieve this requirement. The proposed machine with E-shaped stator core is compared with 12-slot 10-pole integrated motor-compressor on both electromagnetic and thermodynamic aspects. Design optimization on the slot opening and mid-tooth thickness of the E-core stator is investigated. The slot/pole combinations of the E-core-based integrated motor compressor are also analyzed.
An in-depth look at design students as they embark on teaching architecture to children

ABSTRACT: Affording higher education design students the opportunity to teach their skills in the community has proven to be a positive and meaningful experience that often benefits both their personal and professional lives. By instating a program at the University, titled Architecture In Schools (AIS), students who step up to the challenge of teaching others begin to take on leadership roles beyond any that are offered within the confines of a campus, and responsibilities that push them well outside their design discipline. This program is different from a typical volunteer service program; here students are incentivized by college credit all the while understanding that the particular position necessitates considerable time outside of contact-service hours and professional conduct as representatives of their schools and communities. This paper takes an in-depth look at the learning objectives that an outreach program can satisfy for university students who take part, and inturn touches on why such engagement is essential to the community at-large. Evidence shows that the impacts are consistently positive from the recipients of such a program: the primary and secondary students (and indirectly”the community); but it is the study of the higher education students in which primary qualitative measures are being considered. It can be difficult to measure--as discrepancies are hard to come by when evaluating the happiness (or can we call it rewards?) of the college participants, therefore Bloom's Taxonomy has been used as a standard means of assessing learning objectives and justifying the course's viability. This particular endeavor aims to better understand the effects that this type of service (for credit) might have in the midst of a college setting”particular to architecture students”when considering their expectations against actual outcomes related to their experiences with Architecture In Schools. KEYWORDS: Teaching, Architecture, Children, Outreach, Independent Study
Implementation of a Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Panel for Constitutional Newborn Screening in High-Risk Neonates.

PURPOSE Newborn screening (NBS) programs are important for appropriate management of susceptible neonates to prevent serious clinical problems. Neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICU) are at a potentially high risk of false-positive results, and repetitive NBS after total parenteral nutrition is completely off results in delayed diagnosis. Here, we present the usefulness of a targeted next-generation sequencing (TNGS) panel to complement NBS for early diagnosis in high-risk neonates. MATERIALS AND METHODS The TNGS panel covered 198 genes associated with actionable genetic and metabolic diseases that are typically included in NBS programs in Korea using tandem mass spectrometry. The panel was applied to 48 infants admitted to the NICU of Severance Children's Hospital between May 2017 and September 2017. The infants were not selected for suspected metabolic disorders. RESULTS A total of 13 variants classified as likely pathogenic or pathogenic were detected in 11 (22.9%) neonates, including six genes (DHCR7, PCBD1, GAA, ALDOB, ATP7B, and GBA) associated with metabolic diseases not covered in NBS. One of the 48 infants was diagnosed with an isobutyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, and false positive results of tandem mass screening were confirmed in two infants using the TNGS panel. CONCLUSION The implementation of TNGS in conjunction with conventional NBS can allow for better management of and earlier diagnosis in susceptible infants, thus preventing the development of critical conditions in these sick infants.
Fabrication of high-performance gas-diffusion-electrode based membrane-electrode assemblies

Abstract This work demonstrates the fabrication and processing steps required to produce high performance fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) based on spray-coated gas-diffusion electrodes (GDEs). It is demonstrated that coating the catalyst layer with a thin layer of ionomer and then hot pressing the GDEs to the membrane is required to achieve comparable catalyst activity and air performance to catalyst-coated-membrane MEAs. We show that there is a critical amount of ionomer required to achieve maximized performance. Using electron microscopy, we show that the combination of the ionomer overlayer and hot-pressing bonds the catalyst layer to the membrane, increasing the interfacial contact area and quality of this interface. We also find that the ionomer overlayer smooths the surface of the GDE and provides increased contact area between the GDE and the membrane. Additionally, we demonstrate that much less ionomer is required for high-performance than has been previously reported. Through model fitting of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, we show that this improvement in the catalyst layer – membrane interface reduces the effective catalyst layer resistance, which reduces Ohmic losses and increases catalyst utilization.
Isolation, Purification and Characterization of Exosomes from Fibroblast Cultures of Skeletal Muscle

Exosomes are dynamic nanovesicles secreted by virtually all cells and are present in all biological fluids. Given their highly heterogeneous content exosomes have been implicated in many physiological and pathological processes that they exert by influencing cell-cell and cell-ECM communication. In recent years an increasing number of methods have been established for the purification and characterization of exosomes. These include ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size exclusion chromatography, immune capture and precipitation using a proprietary polymer. Here, we provide a protocol based on differential ultracentrifugation and sucrose density gradients tailored for the isolation of crude and ultra-pure exosomes from primary fibroblast cultures derived from adult mouse skeletal muscle. This protocol can be adapted and modified for the isolation and characterization of exosomes from a variety of tissues and bodily fluids.
Zone-Based Positioning using Trust Beacons, Angle Diversity, and Optical Wireless Communications

We propose a new indoor positioning paradigm called zone-based positioning in which angle-diverse optical user-devices position themselves with respect to low-cost, fixed-location, active photovoltaic anchors. Due to the low cost, these anchors, called trust beacons, are distributed liberally throughout a space. This distribution of beacons enables a mobile positioning zone that travels with a particular user-device as it moves through space. Privacy is maintained by distributing the active components between the user device and infrastructure. To ensure real-time measurement of angle and range, a narrow field-of-view optical source is continuously modulated with updated measurements. We demonstrate mean square errors of less than 20cm for 2D positioning and less than 5cm for light detection and ranging (LIDAR) assisted 3D positioning. We also demonstrate an experimental proof-of-concept prototype.
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor-induced euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis complicating the perioperative management of a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Fournier’s gangrene: A case report

Abstract Introduction Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2) are an increasingly administered class of medication used to lower blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and Fournier’s gangrene are rare, but potentially catastrophic side effects of SGLT2 inhibitors. This manuscript reports a case of both DKA and Fournier’s gangrene in the context of SGLT2 inhibitor use. Presentation of case A 51-year-old morbidly obese man with hypertension and poorly controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus presented to the emergency department with a clinical presentation consistent with Fournier’s gangrene. He was promptly taken to the operating room by the urology team where he had extensive debridement of the perineum and abdomen. Intra-operatively he was found to have DKA, which was managed appropriately. The acidosis and Fournier’s gangrene were deemed a likely side effect of SGLT2 inhibitor use. After a thirty-day hospital admission, the patient was discharged to a rehabilitation facility where he is progressing well. His SGLT2 inhibitor was discontinued upon admission to hospital. Discussion Perioperative providers should have a high index of suspicion for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and Fournier’s gangrene in patients prescribed SGLT2 inhibitors. Prompt treatment of DKA through correction of underlying triggers, aggressive fluid resuscitation, insulin to close the anion gap, and appropriate potassium repletion is vital to optimize patient outcomes. Conclusion The use of SGLT2 inhibitors among surgical populations is increasing. This case highlights the importance of being aware of the mechanism and side effects of SGLT2 inhibitors, and the management of DKA.
Has the Allocation of Certain Teachers Impacted Student Achievement and Upward Economic Mobility? The Case of Forsyth County, NC Elementary Schools:

Forsyth County, North Carolina has one of the lowest rates of upward economic mobility in the entire United States. Researchers find that one of strongest correlates of upward mobility is the quali...
The Rule of Law or the Rule of Politics? Harmonizing the Internal and External Views of Supreme Court Decision Making

Law professors and political scientists generally subscribe to opposed theories of Supreme Court decision making. Law professors, to a great degree, adhere to an internal view: Supreme Court justices decide cases according to legal rules, principles, and precedents. Political scientists follow an external view: justices decide cases according to their political ideologies or preferences. This article develops an interpretive-structural theory that harmonizes these seemingly opposed views. This interpretive-structural theory not only explains why the internal and external views often are both effective but also why, sometimes, one approach might be more effective than the other. The article concludes by comparing the interpretive-structural theory with the “new institutionalism” that is emerging in political science.