cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expression of multiple matrix metalloproteinases and urokinase type plasminogen activator in cultured Kaposi sarcoma cells.

Summary Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) cells are considered to be of endothelial origin. KS lesions are characterized by hyperproliferation and an invasive phenotype. We have determined that KS cell cultures constitutively secrete multiple forms of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and an altered form of urokinase plasminogen activator (u PA) by zymogram and Western analysis of the culture media. MMPs are a family of secreted endoproteinases which degrade components of the extracellular matrix. Their enhanced expression and activity are strongly correlated with cellular processes involving tissue remodeling and invasion. The KS cells secrete increased levels of gelatinase A and B and a high molecular weight u PA in vitro when compared with non- KS endothelial or epithelial cells. Multiple forms of gelatinases A and B were observed on gelatin zymograms. Caseinolytic bands observed were confirmed by Western blot analysis to be due to stromelysin activity, whereas matrilysin was not detected by casein zymography. Western blot analysis also detected secretion of interstitial collagenase and high molecular weight u PA. Gelatinolytic activity with the mobility of gelatinase B was detected on gelatin zymograms, but not by Western analysis. This unusual constitutive expression pattern of MMPs and u PA by KS cells in vitro is characterized by elevated levels of gelatinase A, gelatinase B, interstitial collagenase, stromelysin and a high molecular weight form of u PA, and the lack of expression of matrilysin. These secreted MMPs, taken together, are capable of digesting a broad range of components of the extracellular matrix. This unusual pattern is likely to contribute to the characteristic hyperproliferative and invasive phenotype of KS lesions.
The alphabet of academic medicine

Today, academicians in obstetrics and gynecology are required to assume leadership roles in teaching, patient care, research, and administration. The junior faculty member facing these challenges needs a guide to help him or her adjust to the culture of the academic department. These lessons can be described in an alphabet of academic medicine.
Fan-beam reconstruction from a straight line of source points

A fan-beam tomographic reconstruction algorithm is developed for source points distributed along a straight line. It is shown that, in theory, a perfect reconstruction is possible from an infinitely long straight line. Using computer simulations it is verified that using a finite segment of a straight line, it is possible to reconstruct images with quality comparable to those obtained when the source points are distributed along a circle. It is shown that the two parameters that most affect the image quality are the length of source point line, and the distance from the object to the source point line. In addition, a postreconstruction technique is developed that substantially improves the quality of images reconstructed from the straight line. >
Viscoelastic Properties of Silicone, Polysulfide, and Polyether Impression Materials

The viscoelastic properties of nine silicone-, polysulfide-, and polyether-based impression materials were determined using creep tests. During deformation the materials demonstrated linear viscoelastic behavior. The creep compliance curves, recovery, and percent set were calculated. Permanent deformation in these materials is a result of lack of recovery of elastic deformation as well as viscous flow.
ATP transduces signals from ASGM1, a glycolipid that functions as a bacterial receptor

The flagella of the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa serve not only for motility but also to bind bacteria to the host cell glycolipid asialoGM1 (ASGM1) through the protein flagellin. This interaction triggers defensive responses in host cells. How this response occurs is unclear because ASGM1 lacks transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains and there is little information about the downstream effectors that connect ASGM1 ligation to the initiation of host defense responses. Here, we show that ASGM1 ligation promotes ATP release from the host cell, followed by autocrine activation of a nucleotide receptor. This response links ASGM1 to cytoplasmic signaling molecules and results in activation of phospholipase C, Ca2+ mobilization, phosphorylation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (Erk 1/2), and activation of mucin transcription. These results indicate that bacterial interaction with host cells can trigger autocrine nucleotide signaling and suggest that agents affecting nucleotide receptors may modulate host responses to bacteria.
Impacts of Shale Gas Advancements on Natural Gas Utilization in the United States

Over the past six years, U.S. shale gas innovations have resulted in a transformation of the U.S. energy marketplace. The impact is initially taking hold in North America but will likely be experienced throughout the world over the next two decades. Shale gas effects were most immediately impactful in terms of natural gas supply and prices, with consumers benefitting from over $ 100 billion per year in energy cost savings. New gas supplies and lower prices have spurred a wave of demand responses in the industrial, power generation, transportation, and energy export sectors. The full implications of actions underway in each of these market sectors are still unfolding. The coming decade will afford greater insights on shale gas resource base estimates and marginal production costs and ultimately lead to better knowledge of where the longer-term U.S. natural gas supply/price/demand equilibrium point may reside. Investors across these sectors are forging ahead with major plant and market development investments in anticipation that future natural gas prices remain attractive. These sectors are projected to add as much as 147 billion cubic meters of additional demand by 2025, led by liquefied natural gas exports and power generation.
Forgiveness in marriage: The role of relationship quality, attributions, and empathy

Italian husbands (n = 79) and wives (n = 92) from long-term marriages provided data on the role of marital quality, affective reactions, and attributions for hypothetical partner transgressions in promoting forgiveness. Structural equation modeling revealed that, as hypothesized, positive marital quality was predictive of more benign attributions that, in turn, facilitated forgiveness both directly and indirectly via affective reactions and emotional empathy. Unexpectedly, marital quality did not account for unique variance in forgiveness. Compared to husbands, wives’ responsibility attributions were more predictive of forgiveness, whereas empathy was a better predictor of forgiveness in husbands than in wives. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the burgeoning therapeutic literature on forgiveness. Intimate relationships satisfy our deepest affiliative needs and are also the source of some of our most poignant hurts. When the hurt occurs, negative feelings (e.g., anger, resentment) are common, creating a potential disruption in the relationship. One means of meeting this challenge is through forgiveness, a concept that has received remarkably little attention in science despite its pervasiveness across cultures and major religions (Worthington & Wade, 1999). Although it is a complex construct without a consensual definition, at the center of various approaches to forgiveness is the idea of a transformation in which motivation to seek revenge and to avoid contact with the transgressor is lessened and prosocial motivation toward the transgressor is increased. According to the psychotherapy literature, forgiveness helps to restore relationships, release bitterness and anger, and heal inner emotional wounds (e.g., DiBlasio &
Determining the time of bulge formation in an elastomeric tube as it inflates, elongates and alters chemorheologically

An elastomeric cylindrical membrane with ends attached to rigid end caps is inflated and extended by a fluid that accesses its interior though one of the end caps. The membrane is at a high enough temperature that it undergoes microstructural changes due to simultaneous scission and re-crosslinking of macromolecular network junctions. Motivated by the known elastic response at lower temperatures, it is assumed that the membrane undergoes time-dependent extension and inflation. The deformation history is axially symmetric and nearly cylindrical for short times. There is then a time when a bulge-like deformation starts to form. This is treated as branching from the cylindrical deformation. For times beyond this ‘branching time’, the governing equations are satisfied by both the continuation of the initial deformation and the branched deformation. Criteria are derived for determining this branching time for two different assumptions about the branched response: when it is another cylindrical deformation and ...
Width of the absorption spectrum of the solvated electron

Abstract A simple model for the absorption spectrum of solvated electrons is presented. A solvated electron is “an electron held in the center of the nuclei (this includes nuclei and their core electrons) of the solvating groups of the solvent plus the valence electron cloud of these groups”. The radius of “electron plus solvating nuclei” is fixed and is not affected by light absorption. However, the radius of “electron plus solvating nuclei plus valence electron cloud of the solvating nuclei” includes a variation equal to half the thickness of the valence electron cloud of the solvating groups, and this radius is increased by the absorption of light by the solvated electron. Based on this model, the bandwidth, W , at half-height of absorption maximum of the solvated electron fits the expression W = 0.19(8 n / b 2 )-0.33 for various solvents and various temperatures. In the above equation, W is in eV, n is an integer (number of the solvating groups per solvated electron, range 6–9), b (in A) is a measure of the radius of “electron plus solvating nuclei plus valence electron cloud of the solvating nuclei” in the ground state of the solvated electron.
Atomic-force-microscope study of polymer lubricants on silicon surfaces.

Atomic-force-microscope measurements of the forces on a sharp tungsten tip sliding across silicon substrates coated with perfluoropolyether polymers provide insight into how lubricants function at the molecular level. In particular, hydrodynamic lubrication is observed for tip-substrate separation distances as small as a few polymer chain diameters and a relatively small change in the composition of the polymer, namely, the addition of alcohol end groups, greatly increases the load required to compress and squeeze out the polymers from between the sliding surfaces
Bringing out a new Publication — the role of a catalyst in the micropolitics of the management of institutional change in education

This paper looks at the strategies that can be used by a low‐status member of an organisation to create temporary coalitions amongst other members so allowing the low‐status member to implement change according to his/her own agenda. It is argued that the coalitions are maintained by exchanges of differentiated tokens of support. It is observed that the process of change goes through some clearly demarcated phases and gateways which serve to legitimate the project being implemented. It is suggested that such a formally powerless implementer of change performs a role fundamentally distinct from that of the conventional change agent.
Cell-Mediated Resistance Induced with Immunogenic Preparations of Salmonella typhimurium

Serum obtained from animals immunized with attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain RIA, heat-killed bacterial suspensions, or immunogenic ribosomal preparations was capable of passively conferring protection on normal recipient mice to challenge infection with virulent S. typhimurium strain SR-11. Protection was measured by the ability of a recipient animal to reduce the total number of challenge organisms significantly below that found in challenged control mice. Intraperitoneal administration of 0.1 ml of pooled sera was more effective than 0.05 ml in transferring resistance. The transfer of equivalent amounts of immune serum subcutaneously did not result in demonstrable resistance. In all cases in which serum transfer was effective, resistance was maximal at 5 days, greatly diminished by 10 days, and gone by 15 days post-transfer. Pooled serum obtained from normal donor mice or 0.2 ml of serum from mice hyperimmunized with immunogenic ribonucleic acid preparations did not possess the capacity to confer demonstrable resistance on normal recipients.
Post-fabrication measurement-driven oxide breakdown reliability prediction and management

Oxide breakdown has become an increasingly pressing reliability issue in modern VLSI design with ultra-thin oxides. The conventional guard-band methodology assumes uniformly thin oxide thickness and results in overly pessimistic reliability estimation that severely degrades the system performance. In this study we present the use of limited post-fabrication measurements of oxide thicknesses from on-chip sensors to aid in the chip-level oxide breakdown reliability prediction and quantify the trade-off between reliability margin and system performance. Given the post-fabrication measurements, chip oxide breakdown reliability can be formulated as a conditional distribution that allows us to achieve a significantly more accurate chip lifetime estimation. The estimation is then used to individually tune the supply voltage of each chip for performance maximization while maintaining or improving the reliability. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve performance improvement of 19% on average and 27% at maximum for a design with up to 50 million devices, using merely 25 measurements per chip, while analysis time is only 0.4 second. Categories and Subject Descriptors B.7.2 [Hardware]: Integrated Circuits-design aids General Terms Performance, Algorithms
The Role of T Cells Expressing TcR Vβ13 in Autoimmune Thyroiditis Induced by Transfer of Mouse Thyroglobulin-Activated Lymphocytes: Identification of Two Common CDR3 Motifs

The transfer of lymphocytes from mouse thyroglobulin (mTg)-immunized CBA/J (H-2k) mice following in vitro activation with mTg initiates experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) in syngeneic recipients. We have analyzed the T cell receptor (TcR) V gene families used by the intrathyroidal lymphocytic infiltrate of such mice. Using a radiolabeled RT-PCR technique with oligonucleotides detecting 17 mouse TcR V beta gene families to examine the heterogeneity of the amplified V-D-J (CDR3) fragments, we demonstrated that only the TcR V beta 13 amplifications consistently showed two similar homogeneous CDR3 sizes consistent with two clonally expanded T cell populations. Sequencing of the homogeneous RT-PCR products from these V beta 13++ populations confirmed the presence of clonal expanded T cells and identified two recurrent CDR3 motifs LTGKDTQ and LGEQ present in six of the seven samples. Both these motifs had been found as contributors to the T cell population in our previous studies of CBA/J mouse thyroiditis induced by active immunization with heterologous human (h) Tg. These data suggest that the autoepitope recognized was shared between hTg and mTg. It appears, therefore, that in transfer thyroiditis the intrathyroidal T cell clonal proliferation follows the homing of V beta 13 antigen-specific T cells which have been expanded by a brief (3 day) in vitro activation to mTg and utilize two distinct CDR3 motifs. CDR3 size heterogeneity in many of the other expressed V gene families also suggested the accumulation and recruitment of selected bystander T cells responding to additional but limited Tg or other self epitopes, perhaps on the basis of CDR3 shape rather than sequence. Such T cells may also have integral roles in the development of autoimmune thyroiditis.
Accomplishing the goals of health communication research: predictions, accomplishments, and continued efforts.

The initial issue of Health Communication contained articles authored by Barbara Korsh, Gary Kreps, David Smith, Paul Arnston, and Jon Nussbaum, who were given the task by editor-in-chief Teresa Th...
Reported lifetime aberrant drug-taking behaviors are predictive of current substance use and mental health problems in primary care patients.

Background. The aim of this report is to determine the frequency of aberrant drug behaviors and their relationship to substance abuse disorders in a large primary sample of patients receiving opioids for chronic pain. Methods. The data utilized for this report was obtained from 904 chronic pain patients receiving opioid therapy from their primary care physician. A questionnaire was developed based on 12 aberrant drug behaviors reported in the clinical literature. The diagnosis of a current substance use disorder was determined using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition(DSM-IV) criteria. Results. The average duration of chronic pain in the sample was 16 years and for opioid therapy, 6.4 years. Of the patients, 80.5% reported one or more lifetime aberrant drug behaviors. The most frequent behaviors reported included early refills (41.7%), increase dose without physician consent (35.7%), and felt intoxicated from opioids (32.2%). Only 1.1% of subjects with 1–3 aberrant behaviors (N = 464, 51.2%) met DSM-IV criteria for current opioid dependence compared with 9.9% of patients with four or more behaviors (N = 264, 29.3%). Persons with positive urine toxicology tests for cocaine were 14 times more likely to report four or more behaviors than no behaviors (14.1% vs1.1%). A logistic model found that subjects who reported four or more aberrant behaviors were more likely to have a current substance use disorder (odds ratio [OR] 10.14; 3.72, 27.64), a positive test for cocaine (odds ratio [OR] 3.01; 1.74, 15.4), an Addiction Severity Index (ASI) psychiatric composite score >0.5 (OR 2.38; 1.65, 3.44), male gender (OR 2.08: 1.48, 2.92), and older age (OR 0.69; 0.59, 0.81) compared with subjects with three or fewer behaviors. Pain levels, employment status, and morphine equivalent dose do not enter the model. Conclusions. Patients who report four or more aberrant drug behaviors are associated with a current substance use disorder and illicit drug use, whereas subjects with up to three aberrant behaviors have a very low probability of a current substance abuse disorder. Four behaviors—oversedated oneself, felt intoxicated, early refills, increase dose on own—appear useful as screening questions to predict patients at greatest risk for a current substance use disorders.
Color and Structural Character of CdS-CdSe Pigments

A study was conducted to characterize the solid phases of cadmium-sulfur-selenium red pigments. Continuous solid solution of CdS and CdSe and obedience to Vegard's law were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. An increased rate of color formation was realized by using smaller reactant particles. Thermal decomposition of the CdS-CdSe solid solution involved the reappearance of the CdS-CdSe mixtures with subsequent transformation of these resulting compounds.
Central nervous system infections in injection drug users

Central nervous system infections in injection drug users are often devastating in terms of excess morbidity and mortality. In injection drug users with infective endocarditis, embolization from infected valvular vegetations may cause cerebral infarction, intracranial hemorrhage, and the formation of brain abscess. Focal intracranial infections (i.e., brain abscess and spinal epidural abscess) may occur in the absence of infective endocarditis, resulting from bacteremia that seeds the brain or epidural space. Antimicrobial therapy, combined with surgical intervention, may be essential to improve outcome from these neurologic complications. Toxin-mediated diseases (especially tetanus and wound botulism) are also seen in injection drug users. Inoculation of Clostridium spp at injection sites may lead to toxin generation and disease. Clinicians must maintain a high level of suspicion for these diagnoses in injection drug users.
Selectivity of the NF-{kappa}B response.

NF-kB is activated by many stimuli and NF-kB binding sites have been identified in a wide variety of genes. Yet, NF-kB-dependent gene expression must be stimulus- and celltype-specific. In others words, the cellular response to different NF-kB activating stimuli, such as TNFa, IL-1, and LPS, must be different; and the response of different cell types, such as lymphocytes, fibroblasts, or epithelial cells, to the same NF-kB-inducing stimulus must also be different. Finally, kinetics of gene expression must be accounted for, so that all NF-kB-dependent genes are not activated simultaneously even if cell type and stimulus are constant. Here, we explore the mechanistic framework in which such regulatory aspects of NF-kB-dependent gene expression have been analyzed because they are likely to form the basis for physiological responses.
The Laptop and the Lecture: The Effects of Multitasking in Learning Environments.

THE EFFECTS OF MULTITASKING IN THE CLASSROOM were investigated in students in an upper level Communications course. Two groups of students heard the same exact lecture and tested immediately following the lecture. One group of students was allowed to use their laptops to engage in browsing, search, and/or social computing behaviors during the lecture. Students in the second condition were asked to keep their laptops closed for the duration of the lecture. Students in the open laptop condition suffered decrements on traditional measures of memory for lecture content. A second experiment replicated the results of the first. Data were further analyzed by “browsing style.” Results are discussed from Lang’s Limited Process Capacity model in an attempt to better understand the mechanisms involved in the decrement.
Actor-Centered Social Work: Re-visioning “Person-in-Environment” through a Critical Theory Lens

The ecosystems perspective has become the most prevalent approach for understanding the relationship between person and social environment. It views the individual and larger social systems as separate but contiguous elements that transact with each other in relationships of mutual influence. This article revisions the relationship between person and social environment through the lens of critical theory. Emphasizing distinctively human characteristics, arguments define human actors as coconstructors of, not just interactors within, their social environments. It is suggested that the individual is "in" the larger social system not so much the way a smaller box is contained within a larger box but rather the way dancers are in a ballet or a football team is in a game. The dancers and the players co-constitute the dance and the game. Although human behavior is shaped by society and its structures, those very structures are recursively constructed, maintained, and reproduced by the social actions of human agents over time. Implications for social work practice, research, and education are discussed.
Melanin-Based High-Throughput Screen for l-Tyrosine Production in Escherichia coli

We present the development of a simple, high-throughput screen for identifying bacterial strains capable of L-tyrosine production. Through the introduction of a heterologous gene encoding a tyrosinase, we were able to link L-tyrosine production in Escherichia coli with the synthesis of the black and diffusible pigment melanin. Although melanin was initially produced only at low levels in morpholinepropanesulfonic acid (MOPS) minimal medium, phosphate supplementation was found to be sufficient for increasing both the rates of synthesis and the final titers of melanin. Furthermore, a strong linear correlation between extracellular L-tyrosine content and melanin formation was observed by use of this new medium formulation. A selection strategy that utilizes these findings has been developed and has been shown to be effective in screening large combinatorial libraries in the search for L-tyrosine-overproducing strains.
Electrical Insulation Paper and Its Physical Properties at Cryogenic Temperatures

Paper is widely used in various engineering applications due to its physical properties and ease of manufacture. As a result paper has been selected or designed as an electrical insulation material for parts and components in high voltage technology. In the current study we select a paper employed in conventional transformers as the electrical insulation material. The potential of this paper is investigated at cryogenic temperatures to determine its physical properties for high temperature superconducting power applications. Dielectric measurements were performed using impedance spectroscopy at a constant frequency. Dielectric breakdown tests were performed on samples at 77 K using a liquid nitrogen bath.
Approximate optimal control of the compass gait on rough terrain

In this paper, we explore the capabilities of actuated models of the compass gait walker on rough terrain. We solve for the optimal high-level feedback policy to negotiate a perfectly known but qualitatively complex terrain, using a fixed low-level controller which selects a high-level action once- per-step. We also demonstrate that a one-step time horizon control strategy using the same low-level controller can provide performance which is surprisingly comparable to that of the infinite time horizon optimal policy. The model presented here uses a torque at the hip and an axially-directed impulsive toe-off applied just before each ground collision. Our results provide compelling evidence that actuated robots based on passive dynamic principles (e.g. no ankle torque) should inherently be capable of walking on significantly rough terrain.
THE VALUE OF THE ROENTGEN RAY IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS OF SARCOMA OF THE LONG BONES

The roentgen ray is one of the most valuable, if not the most valuable, aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of sarcoma of the long bones. It reveals the location, size and extent, and to a certain degree, the structure and origin of the tumor and the presence of metastasis. It is the earliest aid in determining the presence of pulmonary metastasis, although the absence of demonstrable lesions does not mean that metastasis has not occurred. Roentgenograms of the lungs should be made as a routine measure in every case of suspected malignant tumor of the long bones, particularly if surgery is contemplated for removal of the primary tumor. Various types of sarcoma, central or periosteal, with marked differences in density, structure, and location may be observed roentgenographically. The roentgenographic appearance of these types, while not always characteristic, is, nevertheless, fairly characteristic and yields a high percentage of accurate diagnoses. Operation should seldom be resorted to, and amputation never, without exploratory operation with the use of the tourniquet, and microscopic proof of malignancy. There may be exceptions when the member or joint is already so far involved that it is obvious that the extremity cannot be saved. While the roentgen-ray examination is a valuable aid in diagnosis, the history and clinical findings and, whenever possible, exploration of the tumor, and its gross and microscopic appearance must be considered in determining the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The prognosis, always grave, is hopeless with definite pulmonary metastasis demonstrated in the roentgenogram.
The Discrete Infinite Logistic Normal Distribution for Mixed-Membership Modeling

We present the discrete infinite logistic normal distribution (DILN, “Dylan”), a Bayesian nonparametric prior for mixed membership models. DILN is a generalization of the hierarchical Dirichlet process (HDP) that models correlation structure between the weights of the atoms at the group level. We derive a representation of DILN as a normalized collection of gamma-distributed random variables, and study its statistical properties. We consider applications to topic modeling and derive a variational Bayes algorithm for approximate posterior inference. We study the empirical performance of the DILN topic model on four corpora, comparing performance with the HDP and the correlated topic model.
Intentional Photos from an Unintentional Photographer: Detecting Snap Points in Egocentric Video with a Web Photo Prior

Wearable cameras capture a first-person view of the world, and offer a hands-free way to record daily experiences or special events. Yet, not every frame is worthy of being captured and stored. We propose to automatically predict “snap points” in unedited egocentric video—that is, those frames that look like they could have been intentionally taken photos. We develop a generative model for snap points that relies on a Web photo prior together with domain-adapted features. Critically, our approach avoids strong assumptions about the particular content of snap points, focusing instead on their composition. Using 17 h of egocentric video from both human and mobile robot camera wearers, we show that the approach accurately isolates those frames that human judges would believe to be intentionally snapped photos. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of snap point detection for improving object detection and keyframe selection in egocentric video.
Alien hand phenomena: a review with the addition of six personal cases.

Il s'agit d'une revue exhaustive de la litterature sur les anomalies motrices qui sont maintenant designees sous le nom de alien hand syndrome (AHS). Certaines des affections sont d'une nature dyspraxique - conflits intermanuels, mouvements en miroir, interference etc., alors que d'autres - tâtonnement, prehension avec incapacite de relâcher, utilisation etc. sont des reflexes du lobe frontal. L'AHS est associe principalement a deux processus pathologiques: I) L'infarctus ou l'hemorragie dans le territoire des arteres cerebrales anterieures et 2) la degenerescence corticobasale. Une description de six cas personnels d'AHS dus a une degenerescence corticobasale est jointe a la revue. Le sommaire comprend une courte discussion du fondement anatomique probable de l'action volontaire sur la base du AHS.
Microstructure and Properties of Novel Heat-Resistant HR3C/T92 Dissimilar Steel Welded Joint

HR3Csteel and T92steel were welded by handwork gas tungsten arc welding using Ni-based HIG- 370electrode as welding material.The microstructure and mechanical properties of T92/HR3Cdissimilar welded joint were investigated by means of optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,tensile test,bending test,impact test and hardness test.The results show that the prepared T92/HR3Cdissimilar welded joint had superior strength,ductility and toughness,fractured at the base metal of T92steel.The matrix of the welded metal was composed of austenitic cellular dendrite.Precipitates of weld metal consisted of M23 C6 and NbC. The base metal of HR3Csteel as well as the heat affected zone close to HR3Csteel consisted of austenite and precipitates of Nb(C,N)and M23 C6.The microstructure of the base metal of T92steel and the heat affected zone close to T92steel was tempered martensite and M23 C6 precipitate.
WE-AB-207A-10: Transmission Characteristics of a Two Dimensional Antiscatter Grid Prototype for CBCT

Purpose: Scattered radiation remains to be a major contributor to image quality degradation in CBCT. To address the scatter problem, a focused, 2D antiscatter grid (2DASG) prototype was designed, and fabricated using additive manufacturing processes. Its scatter and primary transmission properties were characterized using a linac mounted CBCT system. Methods: The prototype 2DASG was composed of rectangular grid holes separated by tungsten septa, and has a grid pitch of 2.91 mm, grid ratio of 8, and a septal thickness of 0.1 mm. Each grid hole was aligned or focused towards the x-ray source in half-fan (i.e. offset detector) geometry of the Varian TrueBeam CBCT system. Scatter and primary transmission experiments were performed by using acrylic blocks and the beam-stop method. Transmission properties of a radiographic ASG (1DASG) (grid ratio of 10) was also performed by using the identical setup. Results: At 30 cm phantom thickness, scatter to primary ratio (SPR) was 4.51 without any ASG device. SPR was reduced to 1.28 with 1DASG, and it was further reduced to 0.28 with 2DASG. Scatter transmission fraction (Ts) of 1DASG was 21%, and Ts was reduced to 5.8% with 2DASG. The average primary transmission fraction (Tp) of 1DASG was 70.6%, whereas Tp increased to 85.1% with 2DASG. Variation of Tp across 40 cm length (the long axis of flat panel detector) was 2.6%. Conclusion: When compared to conventional ASGs, the focused 2DASG can vastly improve scatter suppression and primary transmission performance. Due to precise alignment of 2DASG's grid holes with respect to beam divergence, high degree of primary transmission through the 2DASG was maintained across the full length of the prototype. We strongly believe that robust scatter rejection and primary transmission characteristics of our 2DASG can translate into both improved quantitative accuracy and soft tissue resolution in linac mounted CBCT systems.
The Word Made Flesh or Hegel’s Incarnation of Logic

It is fair to say that in principle the entirety of the Hegelian system is or, at any rate, is supposed to be contained implicitly in the Logic, that, in effect, the entirety of the system is the Logic. The particular division of the system which bears the name ‘logic’ is supposed to provide the exposition of the pure ‘determinations of thought’ or Denkbestimmungen in their ‘dialectical’ self-development. Again, the putative character of this development as a self development has to be stressed (though not naively credited, of course). Beginning with the most simple abstract determinations, those which are allegedly just ‘there before us’ when nothing else is presupposed1 - viz. being and nothing - the totality of the determinations constitutive of ‘pure thought’ is supposed then to produce itself in a necessary movement, governed, namely, by precisely that principle of self-transcending contradiction which is here in question.
Urban heat island effects on growing seasons and heating and cooling degree days in Madison, Wisconsin USA

Urban areas tend to be warmer than their rural surroundings, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island (UHI) effect. UHIs are nearly always described in terms of temperature. However, UHIs can also be described using derived climate indices, including growing season length, growing degree days (GDDs), and heating and cooling degree days, which may have more direct ecological and economic significance than temperature alone. To characterize UHI effects on these basic climate parameters, we used over 3 years of continuously collected temperature data from up to 150 locations in and around Madison, Wisconsin, USA, an urban area of population 402 000 surrounded by lakes and a rural landscape of agriculture, forests, wetlands, and grasslands. Compared to rural areas, Madison's UHI extended the freeze-free season by several weeks each year. However, it only shifted the onset of spring and fall (represented by 10-day moving average temperature crossing seasonal thresholds) by 1 day or less in spring and by a few days to a week in fall. The different effects on freeze dates versus running-mean temperatures were primarily because the UHI could affect temperatures during individual freeze events much more than it could influence regional seasonal temperature trends. Urban effects on the meteorological growing season were nearly always greater in fall than in spring. We hypothesize that this is due to seasonal differences in sub-surface temperatures, with urban and rural areas presumably having more uniform sub-surface temperatures in spring after being frozen throughout the winter, contributing to weaker UHI effects in spring than in fall. In terms of degree days, densely built urban areas averaged 14% (209) more GDDs, 25% (117) more cooling degree days, and 6% (284) fewer heating degree days than rural areas, indicating that the UHI could have significant impacts on energy consumption in Madison.
Characteristics of Youth Remaining in Foster Care Through Age 19: A Pre- and Post-Policy Cohort Analysis of California Data

This study examined factors associated with youth remaining in extended foster care. Cohorts of youth in care in California at age 17 years were defined for the period from 2003–2012. Multivariable generalized linear models documented factors associated with remaining in care through age 19. Findings indicate that: a) the population of youth in care at age 17 has declined over time; b) youth in care at age 17 in 2012 were qualitatively different from those a decade earlier; c) a larger proportion of youth who do not exit to permanency are remaining in extended foster care; and d) although the characteristics of youth who remain in foster care as non-minor dependents continue to vary relative to those who age out, differences have diminished. Findings highlight the potential to target subgroups of youth who may benefit from the extension of care but are remaining in care at lower rates.
Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are diagnosed in at least 10-40% of the patients seen for long-term monitoring of epilepsy, and it is no surprise that patients with PNES are often treated for epilepsy. Given the substantial economic costs and mental health burden of misdiagnosis, it is imperative to establish early identification, correct diagnosis, and effective treatment of PNES in order to provide the greatest opportunity for remission of events, improved psychological functioning, and social-vocational outcome. This article outlines an informed, practical approach to diagnosing this common condition and provides a summary of factors, based on medical history and semiology, that may suggest PNES. We discuss also the issues of communicating the diagnosis to the patient and making treatment recommendations which should ideally be coordinated using a multi-disciplinary team approach, involving the disciplines of neurology, psychiatry, psychology, social work, and nursing.
The biogeography of sodium in Neotropical figs (Moraceae)

Sodium is essential for animals but not for most plants. Terrestrial sodium comes largely from marine aerosols, so inland ecosystems should have greater potential for sodium limitation than coastal ecosystems. We report a significant decrease of sodium in fruits of four Neotropical Ficus species with distance from presumed marine source.
Cholesterol metabolites alleviate injured liver function and decrease mortality in an LPS-induced mouse model.

Abstract Background Oxysterol sulfation plays a fundamental role in the regulation of many biological events. Its products, 25-hydroxycholesterol 3-sulfate (25HC3S) and 25-hydroxycholesterol 3, 25-disulfate (25HCDS), have been demonstrated to be potent regulators of lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, cell apoptosis, and cell survival. In the present study, we tested these products' potential to treat LPS-induced acute liver failure in a mouse model. Methods Acute liver failure mouse model was established by intravenous injection with LPS. The injured liver function was treated with intraperitoneal administration of 25HC, 25HC3S or 25HCDS. Serum enzymatic activities were determined in our clinic laboratory. ELISA assays were used to detect pro-inflammatory factor levels in sera. Western blot, Real-time Quantitative PCR and RT 2 Profiler PCR Array analysis were used to determine levels of gene expression. Results Administration of 25HC3S/25HCDS decreased serum liver-impaired markers; suppressed secretion of pro-inflammatory factors; alleviated liver, lung, and kidney injury; and subsequently increased the survival rate in the LPS-induced mouse model. These effects resulted from the inhibition of the expression of genes involved in the pro-inflammatory response and apoptosis and the simultaneous induction of the expression of genes involved in cell survival. Compared to 25HC, 25HC3S and 25HCDS exhibited significantly stronger effects in these activities, indicating that the cholesterol metabolites play an important role in the inflammatory response, cell apoptosis, and cell survival in vivo . Conclusions 25HC3S/25HCDS has potential to serve as novel biomedicines in the therapy of acute liver failure and acute multiple organ failure.
Pop Culture Without Culture: Examining the Public Backlash to Beyoncé’s Super Bowl 50 Performance:

On February 7, 2016, Beyonce took the stage of Super Bowl 50 as a featured artist during the halftime show. Immediately after, her performance was classified as an anti-American act of terrorism. The public took to social media, not in the usual fan craze, but to condemn and damn Beyonce for her celebration of Black culture. This condemning is a reflection of the marginalized treatment of Black popular artists which prohibits them from speaking out on Black issues. Consequently, Black popular artists are forced to shed off their cultural identities in order to achieve and maintain mainstream/pop culture success. This article provides a detailed examination of Beyonce’s celebration of Black culture and its aftermath, along with other contemporary Black popular artists and celebrities, and will highlight the contemporary damnation of Black entertainers. These analyses will create a foundation for challenging the race-neutral categorization of Black popular artists.
State-Level Implementation of Health and Safety Policies to Prevent Sudden Death and Catastrophic Injuries Within Secondary School Athletics.

Background:Sudden death and catastrophic injuries during sport can be attenuated with the implementation of evidence-based health and safety policies. However, the extent of the implementation of t...
Characterization of Silicon Nanocrystal Surfaces by Multidimensional Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy

The chemical and photophysical properties of silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) are strongly dependent on the chemical composition and structure of their surfaces. Here we use fast magic angle spinning (MAS) and proton detection to enable the rapid acquisition of dipolar and scalar 2D 1H–29Si heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) solid-state NMR spectra and reveal a molecular picture of hydride-terminated and alkyl-functionalized surfaces of Si NCs produced in a nonthermal plasma. 2D 1H–29Si HETCOR and dipolar 2D 1H–1H multiple-quantum correlation spectra illustrate that resonances from surface mono-, di-, and trihydride groups cannot be resolved, contrary to previous literature assignments. Instead the 2D NMR spectra illustrate that there is large distribution of 1H and 29Si chemical shifts for the surface hydride species in both the as-synthesized and functionalized Si NCs. However, proton-detected 1H–29Si refocused INEPT experiments can be used to unambiguously differentiate NMR signals from the different surf...
Perfect Harmony: Team Teaching Computing & Music

One of the ways to attract a more diverse group of students to computer science is by offering courses that are interdisciplinary. Some of the first examples of this combined multimedia with programming. There are many more possibilities, but as computer scientists, we often do not have the domain knowledge to teach these courses alone. Team teaching offers a solution to this dilemma. The goal of this panel is to present some of the problems we have encountered and to discuss some of the solutions.
A method for creating behavioral models of oscillators using augmented neural networks

This paper describes a novel technique to model the nonlinear time-domain behavior of oscillators using augmented neural networks. In the proposed method, a feed forward neural network with a periodic unit is used to capture the periodicity of the oscillatory output waveform. As opposed to the state space model, which is based on a system of differential equations, the output of the oscillator is generated explicitly using the neural network presented in this paper. The model is trained using the data obtained from the simulation of transistor-level circuit models. Examples applied to ring oscillators show the advantages using this method based on CPU time and accuracy. The proposed model is compatible with Verilog-A.
Entanglement Generation in Green Fluorescent Proteins

We demonstrate generating polarization-entangled state through spontaneous four-wave mixing in enhanced green fluorescent proteins. We report coincident-to-accidental ratio of ∼145 and entangled state fidelity of ∼94% for the generated photon pairs.
Abstract 1503: Knockdown of Mog1 Expression Reduces Sodium Currents by Reducing the Trafficking of Cardiac Sodium Channel NaV1.5 to the Cell Membrane

The cardiac sodium channel (Na v 1.5) plays a significant role in cardiac physiology and leads to cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death when mutated. Modulation of Na v 1.5 activity can also arise from changes to accessory subunits or proteins. Our laboratory has recently reported that MOG1, a small protein that is highly conserved from yeast to humans, is a co-factor of Na v 1.5. Increased MOG1 expression has been shown to increase Na v 1.5 current density. In adult mouse ventricular myocytes, these two proteins were found to be co-localized at the intercalated discs. Here, we further characterize the regulatory role of MOG1 using the RNA interference technique. Sodium current was recorded in voltage-clamp mode from a holding potential of −100 mV and activated to −20 mV. In 3-day old mouse neonatal ventricular cells transfected with siRNA against mouse MOG1 decreased sodium current densities (pA/pF) compared to control or scramble siRNA treated cells (−10.2±3.3, n=11 vs. −165±16, n=20 or −117.9±11.7, n=11). A similar reduction in sodium current was observed in mammalian expression system consisting of HEK293 cells stably expressing human Na v 1.5, by transfecting siRNAs against either human or mouse MOG1 (−41.7±8.3, n=7 or, −82.6±9.6, n=7 vs. −130.6±11.5, n=7; −111.5±8.5, n=7, respectively). Immunocytochemistry revealed that the expression of MOG1 and Na v 1.5 were decreased in both HEK and neonatal cells when compared to scramble siRNAs or control groups. These results show that MOG1 is an essential co-factor for Na v 1.5 by way of a channel trafficking. Such interactions between MOG1 and Na v 1.5 suggest that early localization of MOG1 on the membrane of neonatal cardiomyocytes may be necessary for proper localization and the distribution of Na v 1.5 during cardiac development. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA National Center.
Effect of PAF on the Cardiovascular System

The term platelet-activating factor (PAF) proposed by Benveniste et al. (1972) was originally designed to indicate the primary biological properties of a novel substance released from basophils upon IgE stimulation. This factor was later identified independently by three separate groups (Benveniste et al., 1979; Blank et al., 1979; Demopoulos et al., 1979) to be l-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine. This novel group of compounds was rapidly recognized to have diverse biological actions, far beyond those originally shown on platelets. It also became apparent that PAF can be synthesized and released from a multitude of cells and organs by immune and nonimmune stimuli (Benveniste and Chignard, 1985; Snyder, 1985; Vanhoutte and Houston, 1985; Zimmerman et al., 1985).