cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pyruvate Metabolism, Carbon Dioxide Assimilation, and Nitrogen Fixation by an Achromobacter Species

Hamilton, I. R. (University of Wisconsin, Madison), R. H. Burris, P. W. Wilson, and C. H. Wang. Pyruvate metabolism and carbon dioxide assimilation by an Achromobacter species. J. Bacteriol. 89:647-653. 1965.-Carbon dioxide fixation by washed whole cells of Achromobacter N4-B has been observed during anaerobic pyruvate metabolism with both nitrogen- and NH(4) (+)-grown cells. Labeled sodium bicarbonate-C(14) was assimilated into cells by a mechanism requiring pyruvate under conditions of nitrogen fixation, nitrogenase induction, and assimilation of NH(4) (+). Of the assimilated radioactivity, 89% appeared in six amino acids and two ninhydrin-positive unknown compounds, with the distribution of the label essentially independent of the nitrogen nutritional state of the organism. Aspartic and glutamic acids were the most highly labeled, with lesser amounts in glycine, alanine, ornithine, arginine, and the unknowns. All of the radioactivity extracted from these cells by ethanol-boiling water appeared in a protein fraction precipitated by 20% trichloroacetic acid. Radiorespirometric experiments with individually labeled pyruvate substrates demonstrated the preferential decarboxylation of the C-1 of pyruvate by this organism in a flowing helium gas phase. This decarboxylation was almost completely inhibited by using flowing nitrogen in place of helium; the addition of 0.5% CO(2) to the flowing nitrogen prevented inhibition and allowed 70% of the expected CO(2) evolution. These results, coupled with those from growth experiments, indicate a carbon dioxide requirement for anaerobic growth and pyruvate metabolism, which appears to be coupled to the formation of protein precursors.
Dorsal roots of the rabbit investigated by freeze-substitution†

Dorsal roots from adult rabbits prepared by a freeze-substitution technique and studied by electron microscopy have been compared with those obtained by standard fixation with OsO4. The essential features of myelinated and nonmyelinated fibers and their associated Schwann cells are similar in appearance after both types of fixation. There are, however, slight differences. The extracellular clefts between the nonmyelinated axons and their associated Schwann cells are wider in freeze-substituted roots (200 to 250 A versus 100 to 150 A). The major dense lines in the myelin sheath are wider (45 to 55 A versus about 30 A) and their radial repeat period is larger (145 to 155 A versus 100 to 120 A) in freeze—substituted material than in routinely fixed nerves.
2.5n-step sorting on n/spl times/n meshes in the presence of o(/spl radic/n) worst-case faults

In this paper we propose the robust algorithm-configured emulation (RACE) scheme for the design of simple and efficient robust algorithms that can run on faulty mesh-connected computers. We show that 1-1 sorting (1 key per healthy processor) can be performed in 2.5n+o(n) communication steps and 2n+o(n) comparison steps on an n/spl times/n mesh with an arbitrary pattern of o(/spl radic/n) faults. This running time has exactly the same leading constant as the best known algorithms for 1-1 sorting on an n/spl times/n fault-free mesh. We also formulate the mesh robustness theorem, which leads to a variety of efficient robust algorithms on faulty meshes.
Aortico-left ventricular tunnel. A new concept.

Three cases of aortico-left ventricular tunnel have been described, increasing to 10 the number of such cases reported since delineation of this malformation by Levy and co-workers.1 The anatomic features and the early clinical manifestations of aortico-left ventricular tunnel distinguish it from a ruptured congenital aortic sinus aneurysm. The recognition of its presence before the first year of life in the majority of cases and our observation of fatal congestive heart failure in a 3 day old infant with this lesion support the concept that aortico-left ventricular tunnel usually develops in utero. However, the report of at least one and possibly several other cases during the second decade is a puzzling variable in the natural history of this malformation for which we have no explanation. Those infants who survive early decompensation or in whom signs of failure are mild tolerate the left ventricular reflux remarkably well despite the development of massive cardiomegaly. Nonetheless, the observation of sudden and unexpected death in 2 of 10 cases makes early operation desirable when technically feasible. The clinical, electrocardiographic and roentgenographic features in our patients, as well as in those previously reported, constitute a distinctive and readily recognizable syndrome. The diagnosis of aortico-left ventricular tunnel should be suspected when auscultatory and peripheral signs of aortic incompetence occur in an infant with massive cardiomegaly and left ventricular hypertrophy. The angiographic demonstration of a localized supravalvar aortic aneurysm communicating with the left ventricle is sufficiently unique to establish the diagnosis. It is our concept that aortico-left ventricular tunnel follows the development of a localized supravalvar aneurysm of the aorta. We propose that the development of the aneurysm and its rupture or dissection result from local mural tension produced by turbulence occurring immediately above a prominent dense intercommissural ridge which has been noted in all cases of aortico-left ventricular tunnel. By structure and location, this ridge is an acceptable variation in the general category of supravalvar aortic stenosis. Speculatively, this entire group of lesions could be the result of developmental abnormalities in either the quality or quantity of aortic endocardial cushion. Recent clinical and experimental observations implicating vitamin D metabolism in the production of supravalvar aortic lesions suggest that this region is susceptible to alteration by exogenous as well as genetic factors.
Missouri Oil and Gas Update

The State of Missouri has untapped potential for the development of oil and natural gas resources. While the Missouri courts were quiet this past year on interpreting oil and gas rules and regulations, the legislature was active in amending laws governing storage tanks. The state has experienced a tremendous upsurge in oil and gas production in the past two fiscal years. Missouri is poised to ramp up its conventional oil and gas production in the coming years, so increased legislative actions and court activity will likely occur in the near future. Missouri's energy resources include coal bed methane, oil sand, and oil shale. Despite the limited supplies of traditional hydrocarbons, considerably large deposits of heavy oil exist, which are of interest to energy producers. According to the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, improving technologies along with efficient, environmentally responsible oil production, will result in increased economic benefit to the state in the form of jobs and revenue.
Research and Development for Lower Lateral Force Armrests

During 1990 and 1991, a number of crash tests were experimentally conducted to help evaluate the then-new BIOSID advanced side impact dummy in relation to its durability and measurement capability. The BIOSID delta-deflection test procedure has made it possible to begin phasing in lower lateral force armrests in all Ford cars and trucks. The BIOSID dummy realistically indicates armrest lateral stiffness and therefore is the best tool currently available to assess armrest lateral stiffness in relation to abdominal injury potential. The BIOSID dummy may be used effectively to help develop lower lateral force armrests. The EUROSID-1 dummy also can be used to help indicate abdominal injury potential, although the injury potential has to be inferred from internal loading instead of direct compression and viscous criterion measurements.
Roller Skating and Interdisciplinary Physical Education

Today, more than 23 million children and adolescents are obese or overweight in the United States. Physical educators strive to find appropriate, yet fun activities to encourage and increase physical activity. Introducing students to a variety of activities can promote family involvement in physical activity and create lifelong physical activity habits in children outside of school. Activities of mutual interest (such as roller skating) for girls and boys presented in a coeducational setting can accomplish these goals. Roller skating can be fun and can provide health-related fitness benefits. A roller skating curriculum may spark interest in lifelong physical activity and create an opportunity to incorporate various subject areas such as mathematics, science, health, etc. This article describes an interdisciplinary skating unit that was taught and implemented in a fourth-grade physical education class.
Effect of remote ischemic preconditioning on serum troponin T level following elective percutaneous coronary intervention.

Background Elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with myocardial necrosis, as evidenced by troponin release, in approximately one-third of cases. This is known to be linked with subsequent cardiovascular events. This study assessed the ability of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) to attenuate cardiac troponin T (cTnT) release after elective PCI. Objective Evaluation of effect of RIPC on myocardial markers following elective PCI. Methods One hundred and forty nine consecutive patients undergoing elective PCI with undetectable preprocedural cTnT were recruited. Subjects were randomized to receive RIPC (induced by three 5-min inflations of a blood pressure cuff to 200 mm Hg around the upper arm, followed by 5-min intervals of reperfusion) or control (cuff deflated) immediately before arrival in the cardiac catheterization room. The primary outcome was cTnT level at approximately 16 hr after PCI. Secondary outcomes included occurrence of postprocedural myocardial infarction (MI), CKMB levels at 16 hr after PCI and assessment of the inflammatory response as measured by C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Results The mean cTnT at 16 hr after PCI was lower in the RIPC group compared with the control group. (0.020 vs. 0.047 ng/ml; P = 0.047) Occurrence of postprocedural MI, CKMB and CRP levels did not differ in both groups (P = 0.097, 0.537, and 0.481 respectively). Conclusion The use of RIPC immediately prior to PCI attenuates procedure-related cTnT release and does not affect occurrence of post procedural MI, CKMB, or CRP levels. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transfection of Neuroprogenitor Cells with Iron Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Tracking: Cell Viability, Differentiation, and Intracellular Localization

Purpose Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can track labeled cells in the brain. The use of hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelopes (HVJ-Es) to effectively introduce the contrast agent to neural progenitor cells (NPCs) is limited to date despite their high NPC affinity.
Pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease: separation and culture of different kinds of cells from Hodgkin's disease in a sterile isokinetic gradient of Ficoll in tissue culture medium.

The pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease is controversial. Some view the lymphocyte in Hodgkin's tumor as an integral part of the malignant proliferation; others interpret the lymphocyte as a manifestation of the host's attempt to reject the neoplasm. In an effort to study interactions between individual kinds of cells from Hodgkin's disease, we have developed a method for disaggregating Hodgkin's tumor using collagenase. The disaggregated cells have been frozen in a viable state and, after storage over liquid nitrogen, two kinds of cells have been obtained consistently in tissue culture from all five patients whose cells have been studied. Prior to culture, one of these cell types—a very homogeneous population of mature-appearing lymphoid cells—has been separated from the other kinds of cells in 98.4 ± O.4% purity. This separation was accomplished using centrifugation in a gradient of Ficoll (polysucrose) in tissue culture medium. In culture, these cells divide and produce only lymphoid cells. The other kind of cell which can be cultured from Hodgkin's disease—a histiocytic cell—can be widely separated from the lymphoid cells and does not give rise to lymphocytes in tissue culture. Using purified populations of the individual kinds of cells, it will be possible to study the possible cytotoxicity of the lymphoid cells for the histiocytic cells. To our knowledge, this is the first reported separation of lymphocytes from solid tumors, and the method may be broadly applicable in the investigation of lymphocytes which infiltrate solid tumors.
Anti-superoxide and anti-peroxynitrite strategies in pain suppression

Superoxide (SO, O(2)·(-)) and its reaction product peroxynitrite (PN, ONOO(-)) have been shown to be important in the development of pain of several etiologies. While significant progress has been made in teasing out the relative contribution of SO and PN peripherally, spinally, and supraspinally during the development and maintenance of central sensitization and pain, there is still a considerable void in our understanding. Further research is required in order to develop improved therapeutic strategies for selectively eliminating SO and/or PN. Furthermore, it may be that PN is a more attractive target, in that unlike SO it has no currently known beneficial role. Our group has been at the forefront of research concerning the role of SO and PN in pain, and our current findings have led to the development of two new classes of orally active catalysts which are selective for PN decomposition while sparing SO. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Antioxidants and Antioxidant Treatment in Disease.
Writing With(in) the Borders: Paratexts in Un viaje de invierno

Abstract The present article focuses on the role of paratextual elements—epigram, marginal notes, and musical partitures—in Juan Benet's Un viaje de invierno (1976), with special emphasis on their role in the reading process. Gerard Genette's work on paratexts will serve as a helpful entry to my analysis of the Spaniard's novel. When conceived as the components of a liminal space that mediates text and off-text, Benet's paratexts serve to explore and enrich the zona de sombras inherent to his narrative vision. This slippage situates readers on the thresholds of interpretation and underscores the indeterminate quality of aesthetic (re-)creation. The interconnected, and often contentious, “zones” of the work engender multiple readings, vitiate chronology, and reinforce several recurring themes such as alienation, death, and rebirth. The novel brings to the fore the reader's role in negotiating the highly indeterminant components of the text and the paratext. Through this process, Benet eschews the tenets of...
Phonon-induced scattering between vibrations and multiphoton vibrational up-pumping in liquid solution

Abstract Fast phonon-induced scattering between an infrared active and a Raman active vibration in solution is investigated using picosecond infrared pump/anti-Stokes Raman probe experiments. Population from the infrared active T 1u CO stretching mode of tungsten hexacarbonyl in carbon tetrachloride at 1980 cm −1 scatters to the Raman active E g mode at 2012 cm −1 but not to the A 1g mode at 2116 cm −1 . Equilibration occurs rapidly compared to the 700 ps population relaxation time. A power dependence of the line shape of the Raman mode indicates that significant population is pumped into high vibrational levels when high infrared pump powers are used.
Application of the INEPT technique to 13C NMR assignments in polynuclear aromatic nitrogeneous heterocycles; 6H‐pyrido[4,3‐b]‐5,11‐dimethylcarbazole (ellipticine)

The 13C NMR spectrum of 6H-pyrido[4,3-b]-5,11-dimethylcarbazole has been re-examined to confirm the assignments using normal decoupled and coupled INEPT techniques. The results indicate that there were several errors in previous assignments. J(13C, 1H) for the seven methine carbons have also been obtained.
Inversion and factorization of non-Hermitian quasi-Toeplitz matrices☆

Abstract This paper considers formulas and fast algorithms for the inversion and factorization of non-Hermitian Toeplitz and quasi-Toeplitz (QT) matrices (matrices with a certain “hidden” Toeplitz structure). The results include the following generalizations: (1) A Schur algorithm that extends to non-Hermitian matrices a previous triangular factorization algorithm for Hermitian QT matrices. (2) A Levinson algorithm that generalizes to non-Hermitian matrices a previous Levinson algorithm that finds the triangularly factorized inverses of certain (so-called admissible) QT matrices. (3) The extension to QT matrices of the Gohberg-Semencul (GS) inversion formula for non-Hermitian Toeplitz matrices. Next, the paper introduces a new fast algorithm, called the extended QT factorization algorithm , that overcomes the restriction to admissibility matrices of the above Levinson algorithm. The new algorithm is efficient and comprehensive; it produces, for a general QT matrix R n of size ( n + 1)×( n + 1), the triangularly factorized inverses and the GS type inverses of the matrix and all its submatrices, as well as the triangular factorization of R n itself, all in approximately 7 n 2 elementary operations for a non-Hermitian and 3.5 n 2 for a Hermitian matrix. The fast algorithms for non-Hermitian QT matrices are shown to be associated with two discrete transmission lines (which reduce to the familiar single lattice in the Hermitian case). All the presented algorithms are illustrated and interpreted in terms of input sequences and flows of signals in the related transmission line realization.
Regional heterogeneity of choline acetyltransferase activity in primate neocortex

Choline acetyltransferase activity in precentral and temporal regions of primate neocortex is 2.5-fold higher than in occipital cortex. These results suggest large differences in the density of innervation in different regions of primate neocortex by the nucleus basalis of Meynert.
Analysis of Three-Hadron Final States

Unitarity implies a rapid variation (singularity) in an amplitude usually assumed to be slowly varying in simple pairwise final-state-interaction fits to three-body final states. Neglect of this singularity casts doubts on recent analyses of $\ensuremath{\pi}+N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}+\ensuremath{\pi}+N$, among others. Tentative suggestions for including the singular term are offered.
Duplex treatment of high-strength steels

A new heat treatment method, the duplex treatment (DT), has been developed. In comparison with the available heat treatment methods, including conventional temperature austenitization treatment (CTA), high-temperature austenitization treatment (HTA), and double austenitization treatment (DA), DT can give higher fracture toughness and notch toughness, with identical and even slightly higher strength. These improvements could be due to the inheritance of the ben-eficial variations in fine-scale microstructures, which occurred during heating at high temper-ature and to the depression of the memory effect of coarse austenite grain, which arose from high heating temperature.
Business ethics, restrictions on employment and knowledge management

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address ethical and legal issues relating to employment contracts and the effect on knowledge transfer.Design/methodology/approach – Relevant literature for business competition, learning and knowledge management and ethics were reviewed to prepare this paper.Findings – This paper was an opportunity to express an opinion that employment contracts should reflect economic realities of both the employer and the employed to encourage high‐ethical standards.Practical implications – Employers and the employed may be encouraged to forthrightly discuss issues relating to ethics and competition in light of changing economic conditions.Originality/value – This paper offers a self‐help perspective for employees, making them more aware of employment contract terms and responsibilities. Employers may be encouraged to craft more progressive contracts to not only protect business proprietary information and maintain ethical integrity, but also assist employees in taking control ...
Assessing effectiveness of personality style in documentation

This paper extends previous work by other researchers that indicated that users of computers preferred a computer with a personality that was similar to theirs. We conducted a similar experiment, but looking beyond preference to see if the personality of documentation would make a difference in the user's performance. Our data suggest did not indicate that personality match affects performance; and if such a relationship exists it is likely to be weak. We discuss the related research, describe our methodology, present our results, and describe their implications and limitations.
Three-Dimensional Plasma Measurements within the Earth’s Magnetosphere

First magnetospheric measurements of the three-dimensional velocity distributions for positive ions and electrons within the energy range 1 eV ≤E/Q≤45 keV are reported. These velocity distributions are gained with quadrispherical Lepedeas on board the spacecraft ISEE-1 and -2. Three-dimensional bulk flows of protons in the vicinity of the magnetopause and within the dayside magnetosphere and dawn sector of the magnetotail are presented. Proton drift velocities within the magnetosphere and magnetotail can be directly determined and employed to calculate the corresponding quasi-static perpendicular electric fields and to provide quantitative analyses of kinematical models for plasma motions. Nonmonotonic features in the electron velocity distributions are found simultaneously with the presence of electron cyclotron harmonic electrostatic waves in the dayside magnetosphere. The relationship of the observed electron velocity distributions to expectations for resonant pitch-angle and energy diffusion is discussed, as well as the possibility of the existence of proton cyclotron harmonic instabilities. Examples of the signature of field-aligned acceleration of protons into the magnetosphere and the presence of low-energy ionospheric ions in the near-earth magnetotail are also presented. Perpendicular electrostatic fields can be calculated from the observed three- dimensional velocity distributions and are found to have typical magnitudes of ~ 1 mVm-1.
A comparative study on in vitro cytotoxic reactions of lymphocytes from normal donors and patients with sarcomas to cultured tumor cells

Abstract Lymphocytes and buffy coat leukocytes (BCL) from 45 normal donors and from 60 patients with sarcomas were tested in a Lab-Tek tissue culture chamber-slide assay for tumor-distinctive cytotoxic reactivity against 11 sarcoma and 8 carcinoma cell lines. Donors were categorized according to age and gender and, for healthy individuals, as to whether they were or were not associated with laboratory and tumor tissue culture materials. Donor lymphocytes were cocultivated at a ratio of from 100 to 300 effector cells per allogeneic target cell for from 2 to 4 days. The extent of cell-mediated cytotoxic inhibition of the growth of target cells was determined by visually counting the number of stained target cells adherent to the bottoms of the chamber-slide wells. Frequently, in individual tests, purified lymphocytes from normal donors were more reactive (cytotoxic) toward cultured target cells than were lymphocytes from patients. However, the overall intensity of reactivity by lymphocytes from patients with sarcomas toward cultured sarcoma cells, averaged from all of the patients tested, was significantly stronger than that of the normal donors. BCL from normal donors did not distinguish between sarcoma and carcinoma target cells, being equally cytotoxic to both, whereas BCL from patients with sarcomas displayed selectivity in being significantly more reactive towards sarcoma than towards carcinoma cells. Inhibition of this cell-mediated immunity by sera from normal donors or from patients with sarcomas was rarely observed. In vitro cytotoxic reactivity by lymphocytes from healthy donors occurred frequently and may have an immunologic basis, as yet not clearly defined.
Hyperinsulinemia Induces Insulin Resistance in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons

Insulin resistance (IR) is the major feature of metabolic syndrome, including type 2 diabetes. IR studies are mainly focused on peripheral tissues, such as muscle and liver. There is, however, little knowledge about IR in neurons. In this study, we examined whether neurons develop IR in response to hyperinsulinemia. We first examined insulin signaling using adult dorsal root ganglion neurons as a model system. Acute insulin treatment resulted in time- and concentration-dependent activation of the signaling cascade, including phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, Akt, p70S6K, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β. To mimic hyperinsulinemia, cells were pretreated with 20 nm insulin for 24 h and then stimulated with 20 nm insulin for 15 min. Chronic insulin treatment resulted in increased basal Akt phosphorylation. More importantly, acute insulin stimulation after chronic insulin treatment resulted in blunted phosphorylation of Akt, p70S6K, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β. Interestingly, when the cells were treated with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway inhibitor, but not MAPK pathway inhibitor, chronic insulin treatment did not block acute insulin treatment-induced Akt phosphorylation. Insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation was lower in dorsal root ganglion neurons from BKS-db/db compared with control BKS-db+ mice. This effect was age dependent. Our results suggest that hyperinsulinemia cause IR by disrupting the Akt-mediated pathway. We also demonstrate that hyperinsulinemia increases the mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein 1. Our results suggest a new theory for the etiology of diabetic neuropathy, i.e. that, similar to insulin dependent tissues, neurons develop IR and, in turn, cannot respond to the neurotrophic properties of insulin, resulting in neuronal injury and the development of neuropathy.
Research Note: Replacing Hens in Cages: Effect on Subsequent Egg Production

Comparisons were made to determine whether replacing hens that died in multiple-hen cages would alter the subsequent well-being of such groups, as indicated by rate of egg production. In only one of four comparisons was a significantly lower rate of lay obtained from hens in cages that received replacements in the 1st 5-wk period following replacements. Differences were not detected during the 2nd 5-wk period in any of the four comparisons. Consequences of replacing vs. not replacing hens are discussed briefly.
The Regulation of Resistance to Schistosoma mansoni by a Soluble α/β TCR Analog, Produced by a Cloned T Cell Hybridoma

Abstract Immunity to Schistosoma mansoni is regulated by an auto-anti-idiotypic network. The T cells in this network interact through soluble regulatory factors. These studies describe a soluble suppressor-inducer factor (TsiF) derived from TCR + suppressor-inducer clone Q37, Q37 is the fusion product of CD4 + T cells derived from S. mansoni-infected mice and TCR - , BW1100 thymoma cells. [ 35 S]Methionine biosynthetically labeled TsiF was immunoprecipitated with mAb H57-597 (anti-pan α/β TCR) and adsorbed with protein G-agarose. The eluted 72-kDa TCR analog was reduced with dithiothreitol. Components of 32 and 44 kDa were found on SDSPAGE. These components were analogous to the α and β chains of the TCR, binding antigen, or expressing Vβ determinants, respectively. TsiF suppressed delayed-type hypersensitivity to S. mansoni antigens in a genetically and antigenically restricted manner. TsiF totally abrogated protective immune response against S. mansoni . These soluble TCR analogs may idiotypically regulate the resistance to S mansoni. Q37 is an appropriate source of a suppressor TCR analog for the molecular analyses of this idiotypic regulation.
REGULATION OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS BY TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR β1IN CULTURED PULMONARY ENDOTHELIAL CELLS

Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1), which is present in lung tissue, has been suggested to play a role in modulating vascular cell function in vivo. The action of TGF-beta1 in vivo, especially at the local site of application to connective tissue, is anabolic and leads to pulmonary fibrosis and angiogenesis, strongly indicating that TGF-beta may have practical applications in repair of tissue injury caused by burns, trauma, or surgery. In the present study, we have used cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial (BPAE) cells as a model system. Expression of various proteins, including SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteines), type IV procollagen and fibronectin (FN) was examined by radiolabeling the cells with [3H]proline, immunoprecipitation with specific antibodies, and Northern blot analyses by using specific cDNA probes. Cultured cells were labeled with [3H]proline for 24 h in either the absence or in the presence of TGF-beta1 (0-20 ng/ml). Incorporation of radioactivity was observed in a concentration-dependent manner, maximal at 5 ng/ml. Northern blot hybridization demonstrated that TGF-beta1 (5 ng/ml) treatment of BPAE cells caused an increase in steady-state levels
Long-reach, 60-GHz Mm-wave optical-wireless access network using remote signal regeneration and upconversion

125 km long-reach, 60 GHz optical-wireless access network using remote signal regeneration and upconversion technique without dispersion compensation is first demonstrated to accommodate over 128 users at 2.5 Gb/s.
Interlayer transport in bilayer quantum hall systems

Bilayer quantum Hall systems have a broken symmetry ground state at a filling factor which can be viewed either as an excitonic superfluid or as a pseudospin ferromagnet. We present a theory of interlayer transport in quantum Hall bilayers that highlights remarkable similarities and critical differences between transport in Josephson junction and ferromagnetic metal spin-transfer devices. Our theory is able to explain the size of the large but finite low-bias interlayer conductance and the voltage width of this collective transport anomaly.
A new class of intermediate phases in non-crystalline films based on a confluent double percolation mechanism

Recent research results have suggested that double percolation processes play a significant role in the formation of intermediate phases (IPs) in non-crystalline thin films. One class of IP windows, involving competitive double percolation, occurs in binary AsxSe1−x and GexSe1−x alloys and in the pseudo-binary AsxGexSe1−2x alloy. This IP window occurs over an 8–12% composition range. Transitions that define the IP window in the Ge–Se alloys involve a competition between the elimination of compliant local bonding dimer groups, e.g. Ge–Se–Se–Ge, at the expense of an increasing fraction of rigid local bonding monomer groups, e.g. Ge–Se–Ge. Compliant monomer group bonding defines the first window transition for an average number of bonding constraints/atom, nc = 3; the second transition from rigid to stressed rigid occurs when the compliant monomer concentration drops below a concentration for percolation. A second class of IPs with significantly narrower composition windows, ~1 to at most 3%, is proposed to explain experimentally determined IPs in chalcogenide alloys with halogen dopants; e.g. a-Ge0.25Se0.77−xIx, where the IP window width is ~1%. We suggest that this narrow window is determined by a confluent coherent double percolation process that includes (i) broken bond-bending constraints that minimize local bond strain, and (ii) a percolation pathway based on a second and complementary local bonding group. However, this second class of IPs is not supported by theory and modeling as yet, and as such our designation of this class of IPs must be regarded as more speculative. On the other had, it is significant that at least two other alloy systems, Ge2Se2Te5 and pseudo-ternary Hf, Zr and Ti Si oxynitrides, display narrow regimes where bond constraint counting indicates local strain suppression, and where a second and larger bonding arrangement is present at the percolation limit.
Four-dimensional symplectic groups

Abstract In R. E. Solazzi, J. Algebra 21 (1972), 91–102 , the automorphisms of the symplectic congruence groups and their corresponding projective groups were found over any integral domain, in dimensions greater than four. The purpose of this paper is to determine these automorphisms in dimension four. In characteristic not 2 the automorphisms of the projective congruence groups have the same characterization as in the previous paper; they are determined by transformation by a symplectic semisimilitude. This is Theorem 2.5. The remaining sections of this paper deal with exceptional automorphisms of the congruence groups that do not preserve transvections and which can occur with four-dimensional congruence groups in characteristic 2.
Effects of fire on landscape heterogeneity in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming

A map of burn severity resulting from the 1988 fires that occurred in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) was de- rived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery and used to assess the isolation of burned areas, the heterogeneity that resulted from fires burning under moderate and severe burning conditions, and the relationship between heterogeneity and fire size. The majority of severely burned areas were within close proximity (50 to 200 m) to unburned or lightly burned areas, suggesting that few burned sites are very far from potential sources of propagules for plant reestablishment. Fires that occurred under moderate burning conditions early during the 1988 fire season resulted in a lower proportion of crown fire than fires that occurred under severe burning condi- tions later in the season. Increased dominance and contagion of burn severity classes and a decrease in the edge: area ratio for later fires indicated a slightly more aggregated burn pattern compared to early fires. The proportion of burned area in different burn severity classes varied as a function of daily fire size. When daily area burned was relatively low, the propor- tion of burned area in each burn severity class varied widely. When daily burned area exceeded 1250 ha, the burned area contained about 50 % crown fire, 30 % severe surface burn, and 20 % light surface burn. Understanding the effect of fire on landscape heterogeneity is important because the kinds, amounts, and spatial distribution of burned and unburned areas may influence the reestablishment of plant species on burned sites.
P2P/Grid-based overlay architecture to support VoIP services in large-scale IP networks

Communication services such as, Voice over IP (VoIP), over the Internet have gained much attention in recent years, as next generation Internet applications are requiring the integration of voice and data in the single IP infrastructure. In this paper, we propose a Peer-to-Peer (P2P)/Grid-based architecture to efficiently provide VoIP services in large-scale IP networks. Particularly, our technologies include: (1) a multi-overlay architecture that leverages the resources/capabilities of individual VoIP components. (2) We design and develop several models and protocols for realizing VoIP services in our architecture. We conduct extensive performance evaluations on different schemes proposed. The evaluation results show that the load-aware weight-based call routing scheme can achieve much better performance than static selection schemes in terms of average call routing delay. The experimental results also demonstrate that the P2P+ Hierarchy model for conferencing applications can achieve better performance than all other models in terms of minimizing the network bandwidth overhead.
Rates for the probability of large cubes being non-internally spanned in modified bootstrap percolation

We find the exact rate of decay for the probability that a large cube is not internally spanned for the modified bootstrap percolation. It is proven that for cubes of large side the event that the cube is not internally spanned is essentially the same as the event that the cube possesses a completely vacant line.
Determination of total column water vapor in the atmosphere at high spatial resolution from AVIRIS data using spectral curve fitting and band ratioing techniques

Techniques are developed for quantitative retrievals of high spatial resolution column atmospheric water vapor that is largely contained in the lower portion of the troposphere. One method consists of curve fitting observed spectra with simulated spectra in the 1.14 microns or the 0.94 micron water vapor band absorption region. The other method is a simple band ratioing technique, which requires less computer time than the curve fitting method. The advantage of the technique over humidity sounding by IR emission measurements is that the retrieved column water vapor amounts over land surfaces have significantly higher precision.
Determination of Saturated Values of Rotating Machinery Incremental and Apparent Inductances by an Energy Perturbation Method

Energy and winding current perturbations form the basis of a method for calculation of the saturated apparent and incremental inductances of rotating machinery as functions of rotor position and machine winding excitation currents. The method is totally general and utilizes numerical field calculation techniques in obtaining stored energy in the magnetic circuits of such machines. Thus, it can be applied to a wide class of machinery with practically any cross-sectional contours and number of windings. It can be used at any given set of excitations (any loads). This method was applied to the calculation of the apparent and incremental inductances of a 15 hp samarium cobalt permanent magnet synchronous machine. The necessary-numerical field soluitions were obtained by finite elements at both rated and no load conditions. The calculated inductances, at various rotor positions, were compared with those obtained during laboratory measurements and the agreement between calculated and measured values was consistently very good. The advantage of this method over the more traditional calculations of only the direct and quadrature axes inductances (or reactances, including transient and subtransient components) is that the entire n > n matrix of incremental inductances that truely govern the dynamic performance of an n winding machine can be determined regardless of the validity of a rotating d-q-o frame of reference.
Experiencing Carl Rogers From the Client's Point of View: A Vicarious Ethnographic Investigation. I. Extraction and Perception of Meaning.

Therapy is usually described from the therapist's point of view. It is often portrayed as a process of interventions operating on clients to produce changes in structures and processes. Even Carl Rogers has been portrayed as a directive, interventionist therapist. Despite statements that it is clients who make therapy work there are virtually no descriptions of how clients do this. In this study 2 researchers used a vicarious empathic ethnographic method to try to enter into clients' experience of Carl Rogers through transcripts of his work with 3 clients. The goal was to explore how clients actively construed the therapy encounter and used it in terms of their own purposes. Of particular interest were 3 questions: Do different clients construe "the same" therapeutic stimulus differently? (Answer: yes.) How did the 2 vicarious clients experience Carl Rogers? (1 construed him as more empathically on-target than the other, but both construed him as significantly missing with 2 out of the 3 clients.) Was Car...
iConSMutate: Concolic Testing of Database Applications Using Existing Database States Guided by SQL Mutants

Recent testing techniques for database applications typically include generation of both program inputs and database states (synthetic data). The quality of such test cases is evaluated on the basis of structural coverage of the host language (e.g., Java), whereas, the quality of test cases for the embedded language (e.g., SQL) is evaluated separately using mutation testing. In mutation testing, several mutants of the original query are generated and mutation score is calculated. It is the percentage of mutants that can be killed using the given test cases. Higher mutation score indicates higher quality in terms of identifying programming errors. In existing approaches, the generated test cases achieve high structural coverage with the help of synthetic data, but may suffer from low mutation score. In practice, there may exist a copy of live databases that can be used for database application testing. Using an existing database state is desirable since it tends to be representative of real-world scenarios. We propose a novel framework called iConSMutate to generate test cases for a database application by reusing the existing database state. The generated test cases ensure high quality both in terms of coverage of code written in the host language and mutant detection of the queries written in the embedded language.
Emittance growth from merging arrays of round beamlets

Abstract The cost of an induction linac for heavy ion fusion (HIF) may be reduced if the number of channels in the main accelerator is reduced. There have been proposals to do this by merging beamlets (perhaps in groups of four) after a suitable degree of preacceleration. This process, which results in r.m.s. emittance growth, occurs in two stages. The first stage occurs instantly when the beamlets, no longer separated by electrodes, enter the merging region. At this point one has a collection of beamlets whose centers are displaced from the central axis by distances δxi, δyi. The mean square emittance, now calculated for the whole collection, is ϵxi2 = ϵx12 + 〈δx2〉Vx2 and similarly for the y direction. Here ϵx1 is the emittance of one undisplaced beamlet, Vx is the r.m.s. thermal velocity and ϵxi is the initial emittance of the composite beam. This first stage of emittance growth is easy to calculate and has obvious scaling properties. The second stage of merged beam emittance growth mostly occurs in about one-quarter of a plasma period, although the full development may take much longer. In this stage, space charge forces cause transverse accelerations. The maximum increase in mean square emittance is proportional to the excess electrostatic energy (free energy) in the array when the merging begins. It tends to dominate the first stage for strongly depressed initial tunes. The relatively complex calculations involving the second stage are the main concern of this paper. In some designs it may be desirable to reduce the emittance growth below that produced by a basic 2 × 2 array. For this a general understanding of the free energy is helpful. Therefore we investigate three factors affecting the normalized free energy Un of an array of charged interacting beamlets: (1) the number of beamlets N in the array; (2) the ratio η of beamlet diameter to beamlet center spacing; (3) the shape of the array. For circular arrays we obtain an analytic expression for Un n as a function of N and η. If η is held constant, it shows that Un ∼ N−1 in the large-N limit, i.e. Un would become arbitrarily small in this idealized case. We show that this is not true for square or rectangular arrays, which have larger free energy with a lower limit determined by the non-circular format. Free energy in square arrays can be reduced by omitting corner beamlets; in the case of a 5 x 5 array the reduction factor is as large as 3.3.
Mobile CARS - IRS Instrument for Simultaneous Spectroscopic Measurement of Multiple Properties in Gaseous Flows

This paper describes a measurement system based on the dual-pump coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) and interferometric Rayleigh scattering (IRS) methods. The IRS measurement is performed simultaneously with the CARS measurement using a common green laser beam as a narrow-band light source. The mobile CARS-IRS instrument is designed for the use both in laboratories as well as in ground-based combustion test facilities. Furthermore, it is designed to be easily transported between laboratory and test facility. It performs single-point spatially and temporally resolved simultaneous measurements of temperature, species mole fraction of N2, O2, and H2, and two-components of velocity. A mobile laser system can be placed inside or outside the test facility, while a beam receiving and monitoring system is placed near the measurement location. Measurements in a laboratory small-scale Mach 1.6 H2-air combustion-heated supersonic jet were performed to test the capability of the system. Final setup and pretests of a larger scale reacting jet are ongoing at NASA Langley Research Center's Direct Connect Supersonic Combustor Test Facility (DCSCTF).
RUSTIC POSEURS: PEASANT MODELS IN THE PRACTICE OF JEAN‐FRANÇOIS MILLET AND JULES BRETON

In the 1850s, Jean-Francois Millet and Jules Breton relocated their studios from Paris to the French countryside, where they no longer had access to the professional models that posed in urban ateliers. This study examines the evolution of their studio practice within the rural context: it explores their shift from professional to proprietary and peasant models, how the shift inflected the artist/model transaction, and their negotiation of the social structures and standards of decorum of the rural communities in which their studios were located.
Characterization of a synthetic peptide from the glycosaminoglycan binding site of heparin cofactor II

We characterized a synthetic peptide based on the glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-binding site of the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) heparin cofactor II (HCII): HCII165–195, K165DFVNASSKYEITTIHNLFRKLTHRLFRRNF195. HCII165–195 negated acceleration of the HCII/thrombin inhibition reaction (IC50 for the peptide shown in parentheses) by heparin (∼250 nM) and dermatan sulfate (∼500 nM). Circular dichroism spectra of HCII165–195 showed that GAGs increase the α-helical content of the peptide (percentage α-helix of the peptide/GAG complex given in parentheses): no GAG (7%) < low-molecular-weight heparin (32%) < heparin (42%) < dermatan sulfate (55%). A molecular model of HCII predicts that this region is 48% α-helix. Our results suggest: (i) HCII165–195 binds to GAGs; (ii) an α-helical conformation is preferable in the presence of GAGs; and (iii) GAGs may help stabilize a specific protein conformation in the HCII GAG-binding site, important for serpin function.
Living Polymerization of (o-(Trimethylsilyl)phenyl)acetylene by Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene Complexes

syn-Mo(CHCMe2Ph)(NAd)[OCH(CF3)2]2(2,4-lutidine) (2a; Ad = 1-adamantyl) is a distorted trigonal bipyramid in which 2,4-lutidine occupies an axial position, a structure that results from addition of 2,4-lutidine to the CNO face of unstable pseudotetrahedral syn-Mo(CHCMe2Ph)(NAd)[OCH(CF3)2]2. 2a reacts with (o-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl)acetylene (o-TMSPA) solely via formation of an α-substituted metallacyclobutene intermediate (α addition) that opens to give a single rotamer of a disubstituted alkylidene complex. o-TMSPA is smoothly polymerized at a rate k2a[2a]0[o-TMSPA] when [2a] < 1 mM with a propagation rate constant k2a = 0.30 s-1 M-1. Additional studies confirmed that the disubstituted alkylidene propagating species is essentially base-free (K2a = 62 M-1) and that the propagating species is stable under catalytic conditions (25 °C). Other versions of the Mo(CHCMe2Ph)(NAd)[OCH(CF3)2]2(base) catalyst are either inactive (base = pyridine) or unstable (base = 2-(3-pentyl)pyridine). Mo(CHCMe2Ph)(NAr‘)(OC6F5)2(...